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Philippians TN’s to 3:12 (#2178) 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2178
Co-authored-by: Grant_Ailie <grant_ailie@noreply.door43.org>
Co-committed-by: Grant_Ailie <grant_ailie@noreply.door43.org>
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@ -254,28 +254,43 @@ PHP 3 3 wn2n οἱ Πνεύματι Θεοῦ λατρεύοντες 1 Altern
PHP 3 3 k8ph figs-ellipsis οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες 1 having no confidence in the flesh Here, the phrase **confidence in the flesh** is leaving out some implied words that would need to be supplied in some languages in order to make this idea complete. Paul is leaving out the words “works of the” in this phrase and means **having no confidence in the works of the flesh**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words which are implied from the context. Alternate translation: “having no confidence in the works of the flesh” or “not trusting that circumcision will please God” “not trusting that circumcision will earn God’s favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 3 3 nkrs καυχώμενοι ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες 1 The phrase **boasting in Christ Jesus** and the phrase **and having no confidence in the flesh** are complementary ideas which express a similar truth. If a person truly places their confidence in Christ as their only means of earning God’s favor they will not put their confidence in themself or religious acts and conversely if a person puts their confidence in religious rituals and observances they cannot place their full confidence in Christ. Consider the best way to clearly express the coordinate ideas in your language. See UST.
PHP 3 4 upw5 figs-hypo ἐγὼ ἔχων πεποίθησιν καὶ ἐν σαρκί. εἴ τις δοκεῖ ἄλλος πεποιθέναι ἐν σαρκί, ἐγὼ μᾶλλον 1 I myself, having confidence even in the flesh. If anyone else seems to have confidence in the flesh, I even more Beginning with the phrase **if anyone**, Paul explains why, if anyone has a reason to be confident in religious works, he does. Beginning with this phrase, and continuing through the end of [3:6](../03/6.md), Paul gives his religious credentials and accomplishments in order to make the point that if earning God’s favor should be sought by observing the law then he had reason to boast more than anyone because. However, this is a hypothetical situation and Paul does not think that the Philippian believers should trust in keeping the law but rather in Christ. Paul is using a hypothetical situation to teach the Philippian believers what they should hope. Paul goes on to explain in [3:7–11](../3/7-11.md) that his hope is in Christ and not in the law. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
PHP 3 5 d5bq περιτομῇ ὀκταήμερος ἐκ γένους Ἰσραήλ φυλῆς Βενιαμείν, Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων, κατὰ νόμον Φαρισαῖος 1 In this verse and the next verse, Paul lists a total of seven things that he put his confidence in before he believed in Christ. In this verse he lists five of those things and in the next verse he lists the remaining two.
PHP 3 5 yq98 figs-explicit φυλῆς Βενιαμείν 1 circumcision The phrase **of the tribe of Benjamin** means that Paul was from the Israelite tribe of Benjamin and therefore descended from Jacob’s son Benjamin. Consider the best way to say this in your language. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 3 5 p4ik figs-extrainfo Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων 1 a Hebrew of Hebrews The phrase **a Hebrew of Hebrews** could mean: (1) that Paul had retained Hebrew customs and spoke the language of the Hebrew people which was Aramaic. Alternate translation: See UST. (2) that Paul had no Gentile ancestors but rather was a pure-blooded Hebrew. Alternate translation: “a Hebrew whose parents and ancestors are all full-blooded Jews” (3) a combination of both of the above. Alternate translation: “a full-blooded Jew who has retained the Hebrew culture, customs, and language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
PHP 3 5 we4t figs-extrainfo κατὰ νόμον Φαρισαῖος 1 according to the law, a Pharisee The phrase **according to the law, a Pharisee** means that prior to his conversion Paul had been a Pharisee who related to the law of Moses as a Pharisee and therefore strictly obeyed it as well as all of the additional rules that the scribes had added to the law of Moses to try to safeguard it. Alternate translation: “in relation to the law of Moses I was a Pharisee” or “in relation to how I observed the law of Moses, I was a Pharisee and therefore I strictly obeyed every detail of it including the teachings of the scribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
PHP 3 6 f81s κατὰ ζῆλος διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, κατὰ δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐν νόμῳ γενόμενος ἄμεμπτος 1 In this verse Paul finishes naming the things that he put his confidence in before he believed in Christ.
PHP 3 6 ksr3 κατὰ ζῆλος διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 according to zeal, persecuting the church Paul’s zeal was his enthusiasm for honoring God. He believed that by **persecuting the church** he proved how zealous he was for God. Alternate translation: “having so much zeal for God that I persecuted the church” or “wanting so much to honor God, I persecuted the church”
PHP 3 6 n51b grammar-collectivenouns τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 persecuting the church Here, **church** is a collective noun and the phrase **the church** refers to Christians as a whole and includes anyone belonging to the group of people who follow Jesus. What Paul means by saying that he persecuted the church is that he formerly persecuted anyone who was a Christian. Alternate translation: “persecuting Christians” or “persecuting anyone who was a Christian” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
PHP 3 6 hln8 figs-explicit κατὰ δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐν νόμῳ γενόμενος ἄμεμπτος 1 according to righteousness that is under the law, having become blameless The phrase **righteousness that is in the law** refers to being righteous by obeying the law. Paul obeyed the law so carefully that he believed that no one could find any part of it that he disobeyed. Alternate Translation: “As regards obeying the law, no one could say that I ever disobeyed the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 3 7 n4lg figs-metaphor ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη 1 Whatever was a profit for me Paul is referring here to the praise he received for being an eager Pharisee. He speaks of this praise as if he had viewed it in the past as a businessman’s profit. Alternate translation: “Anything that other Jews praised me for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 3 7 lb8f κέρδη…ζημίαν 1 a profit … loss These are common business terms. If many people in your culture do not understand formal business terms, you could translate these terms as “things that made my life better” and “things that made my life worse.”
PHP 3 7 y1sg figs-metaphor ταῦτα ἥγημαι…ζημίαν 1 I consider this loss Paul speaks of that praise as if he were now viewing it as a business **loss** instead of a profit. In other words, Paul says that all his religious acts of righteousness are worthless before Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 3 8 e1fp figs-metaphor καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι 1 I consider even all things to be loss Paul is continuing the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:7](../03/07.md), saying it is worthless to trust in anything other than Christ. Alternate translation: “I consider everything to be worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 3 8 cv55 διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου 1 because of the surpassing value of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord “because knowing Christ Jesus my Lord is worth so much more”
PHP 3 8 afs4 ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω 1 so that I might gain Christ “so that I may have only Christ”
PHP 3 9 iy4k figs-idiom εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ 1 be found in him The phrase **be found** is an idiom that emphasizes the idea of “to be.” Alternate translation: “be truly united with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP 3 9 g9a9 μὴ ἔχων ἐμὴν δικαιοσύνην, τὴν ἐκ νόμου 1 not having my own righteousness that is from the law Paul knows that he cannot become righteous by obeying the law.
PHP 3 9 qw6g ἀλλὰ τὴν διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ 1 but that which is through faith in Christ The word **that** refers to righteousness. Paul knows that he can become righteous only by believing in Christ. Alternate translation: “but having the righteousness that comes by believing in Christ”
PHP 3 10 vj4s τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ 1 the power of his resurrection “his power that gives us life”
PHP 3 10 xm68 κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ 1 the fellowship of his sufferings “what it is like to suffer as he suffered” or “what it is like to participate in suffering with him”
PHP 3 10 xw42 figs-metonymy συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ 1 being conformed to his death This could mean: (1) Paul wants to be like Christ by dying as Christ died. (2) Paul wants his desire to sin to become as dead as Jesus was before he was raised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 11 l4rm εἴ πως καταντήσω εἰς τὴν ἐξανάστασιν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 if somehow I might attain to the resurrection that is from the dead The word **somehow** means Paul does not know what is going to happen to him in this life, but whatever happens, it will result in eternal life. Alternate translation: “so that, no matter what happens to me now, I will come back to life after I die”
PHP 3 12 xk5q 0 Connecting Statement: Paul urges the believers at Philippi to follow his present example because of heaven and the new bodies that wait for believers. He speaks of how he works as hard as he can to be like Christ, knowing that God will allow him to live forever in heaven, as if he were a runner racing for the finish line.
PHP 3 12 ms3v ἤδη ἔλαβον 1 I already received it These include knowing Christ, knowing the power of his resurrection, sharing in Christ’s suffering, and being united with Christ in his death and resurrection ([Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md)).
PHP 3 12 h8p7 ἢ ἤδη τετελείωμαι 1 or have already been made perfect “or am already perfect” or “or am already fully mature”
PHP 3 6 hln8 figs-explicit κατὰ δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐν νόμῳ γενόμενος ἄμεμπτος 1 according to righteousness that is under the law, having become blameless The phrase **righteousness that is in the law** refers to obeying the righteous guidelines for living that the law of Moses required. Paul obeyed the law so carefully that he believed that no one could find any part of it that he disobeyed. Alternate Translation: “As regards obeying the law, no one could say that I ever disobeyed the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 3 7 i2td ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη, ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν 1 This entire verse is Paul’s response to the seven things he listed in [3:5–6](../3/5-6.md) that he once considered to be spiritually and religiously profitable to himself. In this verse Paul contrasts his former way of viewing things as a Pharisee with his new way of viewing things in light of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
PHP 3 7 lb8f figs-metaphor ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη, ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν 1 a profit … loss In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the words **gains** and **loss** were common business terms used for accounting. These terms were used to describe things a business person determined to be either profitable or unprofitable. Here, Paul is using these two terms metaphorically to portray the things he considers spiritually profitable and unprofitable. If your language has similar business or accounting terms that would be natural to use in this context, consider using them here. Alternate translation: “Whatever things I formerly counted as gains, these things I now count as loss for the sake of Christ” or “Whatever things I formerly accounted as gains, these things I now account as loss for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 3 7 n4lg figs-explicit ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη 1 Whatever was a profit for me Here, the phrase **Whatever was profit to me** refers specifically to the list of seven things that Paul has just listed in [3:5–6](../3/5-6.md) and to anything else he would have formerly put confidence in before he believed in Christ. Alternate translation: “Whatever things I formerly considered profitable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 3 7 yxtx figs-abstractnouns ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **loss** by expressing the idea of loss in a verbal phrase such as “worth losing”. Alternate translation: “I consider these things worth losing for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 3 8 e1fp figs-metaphor ἀλλὰ μενοῦνγε καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι, διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου, δι’ ὃν τὰ πάντα ἐζημιώθην καὶ ἡγοῦμαι σκύβαλα, ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω 1 I consider even all things to be loss In this verse, Paul continues the business metaphor which he began in [3:7](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 3 8 epts figs-metaphor ἡγοῦμαι 1 See how you translated the word **consider** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
PHP 3 8 wugj ζημίαν 1 See how you translated the word **loss** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
PHP 3 8 iji5 figs-abstractnouns καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι, διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun <br>**value** with an adjective such as “valuable”.  Alternate translation: “I consider everything worth losing for the sake of what is most valuable, namely, knowing Christ Jesus my Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 3 8 cv55 διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου 1 because of the surpassing value of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord Alternate translation: “because knowing Christ Jesus my Lord is worth so much more”
PHP 3 8 g1hy γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου 1 Here, the word **knowledge** does not refer to simply being mentally aware of something or someone but rather refers to having a deep, intimate, personal knowledge and experience of something or someone. Here, it refers to having an intimate and personal knowledge or experience of Christ. Alternate translation: “intimately knowing Christ Jesus my Lord” or “deeply knowing and experiencing Christ Jesus my Lord”
PHP 3 8 dh2d ἐζημιώθην 1 See how you translated the word **loss** earlier in this verse and in [3:7](../03/07.md).
PHP 3 8 cez0 ἡγοῦμαι 2 See how you translated the word **consider** earlier in this verse and in [3:7](../03/07.md).
PHP 3 8 ovd9 translate-unknown σκύβαλα 1 During Paul’s time this word was used to refer to excrement and that which was considered worthless and worthy of being thrown out. In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in the term **dung** was a crude term that referred to things that were discarded as garbage including dung and the specific meaning was determined by context. Here, this word could be referring to: (1) excrement, since in the preceding verses Paul has been discussing what comes from the flesh. Alternate translation: “excrement” or “crap” (2) garbage, since Paul is discussing what he now considers worth throwing away in order to gain and know Christ. Alternate translation: “garbage” or “refuse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
PHP 3 8 vgf5 κερδήσω 1 See how you translated the word **gains** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
PHP 3 8 h3kq grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω 1 The phrase **so that** is a purpose clause. In your translation, follow the conventions of your language for purpose clauses. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of gaining Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])<br>
PHP 3 9 iy4k figs-activepassive καὶ εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ 1 be found in him If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the passive verbal phrase **be found** with an active form and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “and God might find me in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 3 9 g9a9 figs-explicit ἀλλὰ τὴν διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ 1 not having my own righteousness that is from the law The word **that** refers to “righteousness”. Paul assumes his readers will know this from the context. If this would be unclear in your language consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but the righteousness which is through faith in Christ” or “but the righteousness which comes by faith in Christ”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 3 9 dely figs-ellipsis ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει 1 In the phrase **by faith** Paul is leaving out some words that would be needed in many languages. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “which comes by faith” or “which is received through faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 3 10 ot4a writing-pronouns τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτὸν, καὶ τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ, καὶ κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ, συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ 1 In this verse, the pronoun **him** and all three occurrences of the pronoun **his**, all refer to Christ. Alternate translation: “to know Christ and the power of his resurrection and the fellowship of his sufferings, being conformed to his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
PHP 3 10 vj4s grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 1<br> the power of his resurrection The first occurrence of the word **and** indicates that what follows is the first aspect of knowing Christ that Paul introduces in explanation of how specifically he wants to know Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
PHP 3 10 tam1 τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτὸν, καὶ τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ, καὶ κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ 1<br> In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, he closely connects the phrase **the power of his resurrection** and the phrase **the fellowship of his sufferings**. He does this because in Paul’s mind these two things are inseparably linked and a person cannot know the power of Christ’s resurrection without first sharing in Christ’s suffering. Consider the best way to show the close connection between these two phrases in your language.
PHP 3 10 ngz6 τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτὸν 1<br> Here, the word **know** does not refer to simply being mentally aware of something or someone but rather refers to having a deep, intimate, personal knowledge and experience of something or someone. Here, it refers to having an intimate and personal knowledge or experience of Christ. See how you translated the form of this this word that is in [3:8](../3/8.md). Alternate translation: “to intimately know Christ” or “to deeply know and experience”
PHP 3 10 r3gz grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 2<br> The second occurrence of the word **and** indicates that what follows is the second aspect of knowing Christ that Paul introduces in explanation of how specifically he wants to know Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
PHP 3 10 xm68 κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ 1 the fellowship of his sufferings Alternate translation: “participate in his sufferings”
PHP 3 10 xw42 figs-activepassive συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ 1 being conformed to his death If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the phrase **being conformed to** with an active form. Alternate translation: “taking on the likeness of his death” or see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 3 11 l4rm τὴν ἐξανάστασιν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 if somehow I might attain to the resurrection that is from the dead Alternate translation: “the resurrection from the dead”
PHP 3 12 xk5q figs-explicit οὐχ ὅτι ἤδη ἔλαβον 1 Connecting Statement: The word **it** in the phrase **Not that I already received it* could be referring to: (1) spiritual perfection and completion and therefore Paul would be saying here that he is not yet spiritually perfect or complete. Alternate translation: “Not that I have already attained spiritual perfection” or “Not that I am already spiritually complete” or “Not that God’s work in me is already complete” or “Not that God’s work in me is already perfected” (2) that Paul has not yet reached the goals he has and died and dies so that he can his reward. Alternate translation: “Not that I have yet reached my goals and received my reward from God” (3) Paul has not yet finished the work God gave him to do with his life and died and received his reward from God. Alternate translation: “Not that I have finished my work and received my reward from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 3 12 ms3v figs-activepassive ἤδη ἔλαβον 1 I already received it If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the verbal phrase **received it** with an active form. Alternate translation: “have taken hold of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 3 12 h8p7 ἤδη τετελείωμαι 1 or have already been made perfect Here, the word **perfect**, in the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, means to bring something to completion so that it reaches its intended purpose or goal. Alternate translation: “been brought to completion”
PHP 3 12 i5ld διώκω δὲ 1 but pursuing it “but I keep trying”
PHP 3 12 m52v figs-activepassive καταλάβω, ἐφ’ ᾧ καὶ κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 I might grasp that for which I was also grasped by Christ Jesus You can state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “to grasp the things for which Christ Jesus grasped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 3 12 fr9q figs-metaphor καταλάβω, ἐφ’ ᾧ καὶ κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 I might grasp that for which I was also grasped by Christ Jesus Receiving spiritual things from **Christ** is spoken of as if Paul could grasp them with his hands. And, **Jesus** choosing Paul to belong to him is spoken of as if Jesus **grasped** Paul with his hands. Alternate translation: “I may receive these things because that is why Jesus claimed me as his own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
254 PHP 3 3 k8ph figs-ellipsis οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες 1 having no confidence in the flesh Here, the phrase **confidence in the flesh** is leaving out some implied words that would need to be supplied in some languages in order to make this idea complete. Paul is leaving out the words “works of the” in this phrase and means **having no confidence in the works of the flesh**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words which are implied from the context. Alternate translation: “having no confidence in the works of the flesh” or “not trusting that circumcision will please God” “not trusting that circumcision will earn God’s favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
255 PHP 3 3 nkrs καυχώμενοι ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες 1 The phrase **boasting in Christ Jesus** and the phrase **and having no confidence in the flesh** are complementary ideas which express a similar truth. If a person truly places their confidence in Christ as their only means of earning God’s favor they will not put their confidence in themself or religious acts and conversely if a person puts their confidence in religious rituals and observances they cannot place their full confidence in Christ. Consider the best way to clearly express the coordinate ideas in your language. See UST.
256 PHP 3 4 upw5 figs-hypo ἐγὼ ἔχων πεποίθησιν καὶ ἐν σαρκί. εἴ τις δοκεῖ ἄλλος πεποιθέναι ἐν σαρκί, ἐγὼ μᾶλλον 1 I myself, having confidence even in the flesh. If anyone else seems to have confidence in the flesh, I even more Beginning with the phrase **if anyone**, Paul explains why, if anyone has a reason to be confident in religious works, he does. Beginning with this phrase, and continuing through the end of [3:6](../03/6.md), Paul gives his religious credentials and accomplishments in order to make the point that if earning God’s favor should be sought by observing the law then he had reason to boast more than anyone because. However, this is a hypothetical situation and Paul does not think that the Philippian believers should trust in keeping the law but rather in Christ. Paul is using a hypothetical situation to teach the Philippian believers what they should hope. Paul goes on to explain in [3:7–11](../3/7-11.md) that his hope is in Christ and not in the law. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
257 PHP 3 5 d5bq περιτομῇ ὀκταήμερος ἐκ γένους Ἰσραήλ φυλῆς Βενιαμείν, Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων, κατὰ νόμον Φαρισαῖος 1 In this verse and the next verse, Paul lists a total of seven things that he put his confidence in before he believed in Christ. In this verse he lists five of those things and in the next verse he lists the remaining two.
258 PHP 3 5 yq98 figs-explicit φυλῆς Βενιαμείν 1 circumcision The phrase **of the tribe of Benjamin** means that Paul was from the Israelite tribe of Benjamin and therefore descended from Jacob’s son Benjamin. Consider the best way to say this in your language. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
259 PHP 3 5 p4ik figs-extrainfo Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων 1 a Hebrew of Hebrews The phrase **a Hebrew of Hebrews** could mean: (1) that Paul had retained Hebrew customs and spoke the language of the Hebrew people which was Aramaic. Alternate translation: See UST. (2) that Paul had no Gentile ancestors but rather was a pure-blooded Hebrew. Alternate translation: “a Hebrew whose parents and ancestors are all full-blooded Jews” (3) a combination of both of the above. Alternate translation: “a full-blooded Jew who has retained the Hebrew culture, customs, and language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
260 PHP 3 5 we4t figs-extrainfo κατὰ νόμον Φαρισαῖος 1 according to the law, a Pharisee The phrase **according to the law, a Pharisee** means that prior to his conversion Paul had been a Pharisee who related to the law of Moses as a Pharisee and therefore strictly obeyed it as well as all of the additional rules that the scribes had added to the law of Moses to try to safeguard it. Alternate translation: “in relation to the law of Moses I was a Pharisee” or “in relation to how I observed the law of Moses, I was a Pharisee and therefore I strictly obeyed every detail of it including the teachings of the scribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
261 PHP 3 6 f81s κατὰ ζῆλος διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, κατὰ δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐν νόμῳ γενόμενος ἄμεμπτος 1 In this verse Paul finishes naming the things that he put his confidence in before he believed in Christ.
262 PHP 3 6 ksr3 κατὰ ζῆλος διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 according to zeal, persecuting the church Paul’s zeal was his enthusiasm for honoring God. He believed that by **persecuting the church** he proved how zealous he was for God. Alternate translation: “having so much zeal for God that I persecuted the church” or “wanting so much to honor God, I persecuted the church”
263 PHP 3 6 n51b grammar-collectivenouns τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 persecuting the church Here, **church** is a collective noun and the phrase **the church** refers to Christians as a whole and includes anyone belonging to the group of people who follow Jesus. What Paul means by saying that he persecuted the church is that he formerly persecuted anyone who was a Christian. Alternate translation: “persecuting Christians” or “persecuting anyone who was a Christian” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
264 PHP 3 6 hln8 figs-explicit κατὰ δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐν νόμῳ γενόμενος ἄμεμπτος 1 according to righteousness that is under the law, having become blameless The phrase **righteousness that is in the law** refers to being righteous by obeying the law. Paul obeyed the law so carefully that he believed that no one could find any part of it that he disobeyed. Alternate Translation: “As regards obeying the law, no one could say that I ever disobeyed the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The phrase **righteousness that is in the law** refers to obeying the righteous guidelines for living that the law of Moses required. Paul obeyed the law so carefully that he believed that no one could find any part of it that he disobeyed. Alternate Translation: “As regards obeying the law, no one could say that I ever disobeyed the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
265 PHP 3 7 n4lg i2td figs-metaphor ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη, ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν 1 Whatever was a profit for me Paul is referring here to the praise he received for being an eager Pharisee. He speaks of this praise as if he had viewed it in the past as a businessman’s profit. Alternate translation: “Anything that other Jews praised me for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This entire verse is Paul’s response to the seven things he listed in [3:5–6](../3/5-6.md) that he once considered to be spiritually and religiously profitable to himself. In this verse Paul contrasts his former way of viewing things as a Pharisee with his new way of viewing things in light of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
266 PHP 3 7 lb8f figs-metaphor κέρδη…ζημίαν ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη, ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν 1 a profit … loss These are common business terms. If many people in your culture do not understand formal business terms, you could translate these terms as “things that made my life better” and “things that made my life worse.” In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the words **gains** and **loss** were common business terms used for accounting. These terms were used to describe things a business person determined to be either profitable or unprofitable. Here, Paul is using these two terms metaphorically to portray the things he considers spiritually profitable and unprofitable. If your language has similar business or accounting terms that would be natural to use in this context, consider using them here. Alternate translation: “Whatever things I formerly counted as gains, these things I now count as loss for the sake of Christ” or “Whatever things I formerly accounted as gains, these things I now account as loss for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
267 PHP 3 7 y1sg n4lg figs-metaphor figs-explicit ταῦτα ἥγημαι…ζημίαν ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη 1 I consider this loss Whatever was a profit for me Paul speaks of that praise as if he were now viewing it as a business **loss** instead of a profit. In other words, Paul says that all his religious acts of righteousness are worthless before Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, the phrase **Whatever was profit to me** refers specifically to the list of seven things that Paul has just listed in [3:5–6](../3/5-6.md) and to anything else he would have formerly put confidence in before he believed in Christ. Alternate translation: “Whatever things I formerly considered profitable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
268 PHP 3 8 7 e1fp yxtx figs-metaphor figs-abstractnouns καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν 1 I consider even all things to be loss Paul is continuing the business metaphor from [Philippians 3:7](../03/07.md), saying it is worthless to trust in anything other than Christ. Alternate translation: “I consider everything to be worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **loss** by expressing the idea of loss in a verbal phrase such as “worth losing”. Alternate translation: “I consider these things worth losing for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
269 PHP 3 8 cv55 e1fp figs-metaphor διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου ἀλλὰ μενοῦνγε καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι, διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου, δι’ ὃν τὰ πάντα ἐζημιώθην καὶ ἡγοῦμαι σκύβαλα, ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω 1 because of the surpassing value of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord I consider even all things to be loss “because knowing Christ Jesus my Lord is worth so much more” In this verse, Paul continues the business metaphor which he began in [3:7](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
270 PHP 3 8 afs4 epts figs-metaphor ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω ἡγοῦμαι 1 so that I might gain Christ “so that I may have only Christ” See how you translated the word **consider** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
271 PHP 3 9 8 iy4k wugj figs-idiom εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ ζημίαν 1 be found in him The phrase **be found** is an idiom that emphasizes the idea of “to be.” Alternate translation: “be truly united with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) See how you translated the word **loss** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
272 PHP 3 9 8 g9a9 iji5 figs-abstractnouns μὴ ἔχων ἐμὴν δικαιοσύνην, τὴν ἐκ νόμου καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι, διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου 1 not having my own righteousness that is from the law Paul knows that he cannot become righteous by obeying the law. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun <br>**value** with an adjective such as “valuable”.  Alternate translation: “I consider everything worth losing for the sake of what is most valuable, namely, knowing Christ Jesus my Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
273 PHP 3 9 8 qw6g cv55 ἀλλὰ τὴν διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου 1 but that which is through faith in Christ because of the surpassing value of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord The word **that** refers to righteousness. Paul knows that he can become righteous only by believing in Christ. Alternate translation: “but having the righteousness that comes by believing in Christ” Alternate translation: “because knowing Christ Jesus my Lord is worth so much more”
274 PHP 3 10 8 vj4s g1hy τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου 1 the power of his resurrection “his power that gives us life” Here, the word **knowledge** does not refer to simply being mentally aware of something or someone but rather refers to having a deep, intimate, personal knowledge and experience of something or someone. Here, it refers to having an intimate and personal knowledge or experience of Christ. Alternate translation: “intimately knowing Christ Jesus my Lord” or “deeply knowing and experiencing Christ Jesus my Lord”
275 PHP 3 10 8 xm68 dh2d κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ ἐζημιώθην 1 the fellowship of his sufferings “what it is like to suffer as he suffered” or “what it is like to participate in suffering with him” See how you translated the word **loss** earlier in this verse and in [3:7](../03/07.md).
276 PHP 3 10 8 xw42 cez0 figs-metonymy συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ ἡγοῦμαι 1 2 being conformed to his death This could mean: (1) Paul wants to be like Christ by dying as Christ died. (2) Paul wants his desire to sin to become as dead as Jesus was before he was raised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) See how you translated the word **consider** earlier in this verse and in [3:7](../03/07.md).
277 PHP 3 11 8 l4rm ovd9 translate-unknown εἴ πως καταντήσω εἰς τὴν ἐξανάστασιν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν σκύβαλα 1 if somehow I might attain to the resurrection that is from the dead The word **somehow** means Paul does not know what is going to happen to him in this life, but whatever happens, it will result in eternal life. Alternate translation: “so that, no matter what happens to me now, I will come back to life after I die” During Paul’s time this word was used to refer to excrement and that which was considered worthless and worthy of being thrown out. In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in the term **dung** was a crude term that referred to things that were discarded as garbage including dung and the specific meaning was determined by context. Here, this word could be referring to: (1) excrement, since in the preceding verses Paul has been discussing what comes from the flesh. Alternate translation: “excrement” or “crap” (2) garbage, since Paul is discussing what he now considers worth throwing away in order to gain and know Christ. Alternate translation: “garbage” or “refuse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
278 PHP 3 12 8 xk5q vgf5 κερδήσω 0 1 Connecting Statement: Paul urges the believers at Philippi to follow his present example because of heaven and the new bodies that wait for believers. He speaks of how he works as hard as he can to be like Christ, knowing that God will allow him to live forever in heaven, as if he were a runner racing for the finish line. See how you translated the word **gains** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
279 PHP 3 12 8 ms3v h3kq grammar-connect-logic-goal ἤδη ἔλαβον ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω 1 I already received it These include knowing Christ, knowing the power of his resurrection, sharing in Christ’s suffering, and being united with Christ in his death and resurrection ([Philippians 3:8-11](./08.md)). The phrase **so that** is a purpose clause. In your translation, follow the conventions of your language for purpose clauses. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of gaining Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])<br>
280 PHP 3 12 9 h8p7 iy4k figs-activepassive ἢ ἤδη τετελείωμαι καὶ εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ 1 or have already been made perfect be found in him “or am already perfect” or “or am already fully mature” If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the passive verbal phrase **be found** with an active form and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “and God might find me in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
281 PHP 3 9 g9a9 figs-explicit ἀλλὰ τὴν διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ 1 not having my own righteousness that is from the law The word **that** refers to “righteousness”. Paul assumes his readers will know this from the context. If this would be unclear in your language consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but the righteousness which is through faith in Christ” or “but the righteousness which comes by faith in Christ”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
282 PHP 3 9 dely figs-ellipsis ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει 1 In the phrase **by faith** Paul is leaving out some words that would be needed in many languages. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “which comes by faith” or “which is received through faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
283 PHP 3 10 ot4a writing-pronouns τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτὸν, καὶ τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ, καὶ κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ, συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ 1 In this verse, the pronoun **him** and all three occurrences of the pronoun **his**, all refer to Christ. Alternate translation: “to know Christ and the power of his resurrection and the fellowship of his sufferings, being conformed to his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
284 PHP 3 10 vj4s grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 1<br> the power of his resurrection The first occurrence of the word **and** indicates that what follows is the first aspect of knowing Christ that Paul introduces in explanation of how specifically he wants to know Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
285 PHP 3 10 tam1 τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτὸν, καὶ τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ, καὶ κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ 1<br> In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, he closely connects the phrase **the power of his resurrection** and the phrase **the fellowship of his sufferings**. He does this because in Paul’s mind these two things are inseparably linked and a person cannot know the power of Christ’s resurrection without first sharing in Christ’s suffering. Consider the best way to show the close connection between these two phrases in your language.
286 PHP 3 10 ngz6 τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτὸν 1<br> Here, the word **know** does not refer to simply being mentally aware of something or someone but rather refers to having a deep, intimate, personal knowledge and experience of something or someone. Here, it refers to having an intimate and personal knowledge or experience of Christ. See how you translated the form of this this word that is in [3:8](../3/8.md). Alternate translation: “to intimately know Christ” or “to deeply know and experience”
287 PHP 3 10 r3gz grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 2<br> The second occurrence of the word **and** indicates that what follows is the second aspect of knowing Christ that Paul introduces in explanation of how specifically he wants to know Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
288 PHP 3 10 xm68 κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ 1 the fellowship of his sufferings Alternate translation: “participate in his sufferings”
289 PHP 3 10 xw42 figs-activepassive συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ 1 being conformed to his death If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the phrase **being conformed to** with an active form. Alternate translation: “taking on the likeness of his death” or see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
290 PHP 3 11 l4rm τὴν ἐξανάστασιν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 if somehow I might attain to the resurrection that is from the dead Alternate translation: “the resurrection from the dead”
291 PHP 3 12 xk5q figs-explicit οὐχ ὅτι ἤδη ἔλαβον 1 Connecting Statement: The word **it** in the phrase **Not that I already received it* could be referring to: (1) spiritual perfection and completion and therefore Paul would be saying here that he is not yet spiritually perfect or complete. Alternate translation: “Not that I have already attained spiritual perfection” or “Not that I am already spiritually complete” or “Not that God’s work in me is already complete” or “Not that God’s work in me is already perfected” (2) that Paul has not yet reached the goals he has and died and dies so that he can his reward. Alternate translation: “Not that I have yet reached my goals and received my reward from God” (3) Paul has not yet finished the work God gave him to do with his life and died and received his reward from God. Alternate translation: “Not that I have finished my work and received my reward from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
292 PHP 3 12 ms3v figs-activepassive ἤδη ἔλαβον 1 I already received it If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the verbal phrase **received it** with an active form. Alternate translation: “have taken hold of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
293 PHP 3 12 h8p7 ἤδη τετελείωμαι 1 or have already been made perfect Here, the word **perfect**, in the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, means to bring something to completion so that it reaches its intended purpose or goal. Alternate translation: “been brought to completion”
294 PHP 3 12 i5ld διώκω δὲ 1 but pursuing it “but I keep trying”
295 PHP 3 12 m52v figs-activepassive καταλάβω, ἐφ’ ᾧ καὶ κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 I might grasp that for which I was also grasped by Christ Jesus You can state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “to grasp the things for which Christ Jesus grasped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
296 PHP 3 12 fr9q figs-metaphor καταλάβω, ἐφ’ ᾧ καὶ κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 I might grasp that for which I was also grasped by Christ Jesus Receiving spiritual things from **Christ** is spoken of as if Paul could grasp them with his hands. And, **Jesus** choosing Paul to belong to him is spoken of as if Jesus **grasped** Paul with his hands. Alternate translation: “I may receive these things because that is why Jesus claimed me as his own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])