Update Greek snippets (#1143)

en_tn_46-ROM.tsv

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ ROM	1	1	sg88		κλητὸς	1	called	This means that God has appointed or chosen
 ROM	1	2	r5x7		ὃ προεπηγγείλατο διὰ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοῦ ἐν Γραφαῖς ἁγίαις 	1	which he promised beforehand by his prophets in the holy scriptures 	God promised his people that he would set up his kingdom. He told the prophets to write these promises in the Scriptures. 
 ROM	1	3	lab1		περὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 	1	concerning his Son 	This refers to "the gospel of God," the good news that God promised to send his Son into the world. 
 ROM	1	3	lk5q	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Υἱοῦ 	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) 
-ROM	1	3	rj9f	figs-explicit	τοῦ ... γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ κατὰ σάρκα	1	who was a descendant of David according to the flesh	Here the word "flesh" refers to the physical body. Alternate translation: "who is a descendant of David according to the physical nature" or "who was born into the family of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	1	3	rj9f	figs-explicit	τοῦ γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ κατὰ σάρκα 	1	who was a descendant of David according to the flesh 	Here the word "flesh" refers to the physical body. Alternate translation: "who is a descendant of David according to the physical nature" or "who was born into the family of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	1	4	z3yq			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul talks here about his obligation to preach. 
 ROM	1	4	at5s	figs-activepassive	τοῦ ὁρισθέντος Υἱοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν δυνάμει 	1	he was declared with power to be the Son of God 	The word "he" refers to Jesus Christ. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God declared him with power to be the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	1	4	h97z		ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν 	1	by the resurrection from the dead 	"by raising him from among the people who are dead." This expression speaks of all dead people together in the underworld, and coming alive again is spoken of as resurrection from among them. 
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ ROM	1	5	ww9a	figs-activepassive	ἐλάβομεν χάριν καὶ ἀποστ
 ROM	1	5	sxc7	figs-metonymy	εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ 	1	for obedience of faith among all the nations, for the sake of his name 	Paul uses the word "name" as a metonym to refer to Jesus. Alternate translation: "in order to teach all nations to obey because of their faith in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	1	7	z85a	figs-activepassive	πᾶσιν τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Ῥώμῃ, ἀγαπητοῖς Θεοῦ, κλητοῖς ἁγίοις 	1	This letter is to all who are in Rome, the beloved of God, who are called to be holy people 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "I am writing this letter to all of you in Rome whom God loves and has chosen to become his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	1	7	v8bl	figs-activepassive	χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη 	1	May grace be to you, and peace 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "May God give you grace and peace" or "May God bless you and give you inner peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	1	7	d8pa	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Θεοῦ ... Πατρὸς ἡμῶν	1	God our Father	The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+ROM	1	7	d8pa	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν 	1	God our Father 	The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) 
 ROM	1	8	e6el		ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ 	1	the whole world 	the world Paul and his readers knew and could travel in, which was the Roman Empire 
 ROM	1	9	c7pa		μάρτυς γάρ μού ἐστιν ὁ Θεός 	1	For God is my witness 	Paul emphasizes that he earnestly prays for them and that God has seen him praying. The word "for" is often left untranslated. 
 ROM	1	9	dx6p		ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου 	1	in my spirit 	A person's spirit is the part of him that can know God and believe in him. 
-ROM	1	9	rnp6		τῷ ... εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	the gospel of his Son	The good news (gospel) of the Bible is that the Son of God has given himself as the Savior of the world.
+ROM	1	9	rnp6		τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 	1	the gospel of his Son 	The good news (gospel) of the Bible is that the Son of God has given himself as the Savior of the world. 
 ROM	1	9	r2l5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱοῦ	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) 
 ROM	1	9	f9p2		μνείαν ὑμῶν ποιοῦμαι 	1	I make mention of you 	"I talk to God about you" 
-ROM	1	10	mdc8			0	I always request in my prayers that ... I may at last be successful ... in coming to you	"Every time I pray, I ask God that ... I may succeed ... in coming to visit you"
+ROM	1	10	mdc8		πάντοτε ἐπὶ τῶν προσευχῶν μου, δεόμενος εἴ ... ποτὲ εὐοδωθήσομαι ... ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς. 	1	I always request in my prayers that ... I may at last be successful ... in coming to you 	"Every time I pray, I ask God that ... I may succeed ... in coming to visit you" 
 ROM	1	10	zfp4		εἴ πως 	1	by any means 	"in whatever way God allows" 
 ROM	1	10	is3p		ποτὲ	1	at last 	"eventually" or "finally" 
 ROM	1	10	b5wy		ἐν τῷ θελήματι τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	by the will of God 	"because God desires it" 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ ROM	1	13	u1cq		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, inc
 ROM	1	13	ru3x	figs-activepassive	καὶ ἐκωλύθην ἄχρι τοῦ δεῦρο 	1	but I was hindered until now 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "something has always prevented me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	1	13	gnu7	figs-metaphor	ἵνα τινὰ καρπὸν σχῶ καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν 	1	in order to have a harvest among you 	The word "harvest" is a metaphor that represents people in Rome whom Paul wants to believe the gospel. Alternate translation: "that more people among you might trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	1	13	j96v		τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσιν 	1	the rest of the Gentiles 	the Gentiles in the other regions where he had gone 
-ROM	1	14	s4bm	figs-metaphor	Ἕλλησίν τε ... ὀφειλέτης εἰμί	1	I am a debtor both to	Using the metaphor "debtor," Paul speaks of his duty to serve God as if he owed God a financial debt. Alternate translation: "I must take the gospel to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	1	14	s4bm	figs-metaphor	τε ... ὀφειλέτης εἰμί 	1	I am a debtor both	Using the metaphor "debtor," Paul speaks of his duty to serve God as if he owed God a financial debt. Alternate translation: "I must take the gospel to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	1	16	mm2f	figs-litotes	οὐ ... ἐπαισχύνομαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον 	1	I am not ashamed of the gospel 	You can translate this in a positive form. Alternate translation: "I trust completely in the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) 
 ROM	1	16	h7nu	figs-explicit	δύναμις ... Θεοῦ ἐστιν εἰς σωτηρίαν παντὶ τῷ πιστεύοντι 	1	it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes 	Here "believes" means that one puts his trust in Christ. Alternate translation: "it is through the gospel that God powerfully saves those who put their trust in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	1	16	f5x9		Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι 	1	for the Jew first and for the Greek 	"for Jewish people and also for Greek people" 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ ROM	1	16	sz5b		τε πρῶτον	1	first	Here "first" means coming before all o
 ROM	1	17	ii3m		γὰρ ... ἐν αὐτῷ 	1	For in it 	Here "it" refers to the gospel. Paul explains why he completely trusts in the gospel. 
 ROM	1	17	h38h	figs-activepassive	δικαιοσύνη ... Θεοῦ ... ἀποκαλύπτεται, ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν 	1	God's righteousness is revealed from faith to faith 	Paul speaks about the gospel message as if it were an object that God could physically show to people. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God has told us that it is by faith from beginning to end that people become righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	1	17	igg9	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται 	1	as it has been written 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "as someone has written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	1	17	hbv6	figs-explicit		0	The righteous will live by faith	Here "righteous" refers to those who trust in God. Alternate translation: "It is people who trust in God that he considers right with him, and they will live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	1	17	hbv6	figs-explicit	ὁ ... δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται.” 	1	The righteous will live by faith 	Here "righteous" refers to those who trust in God. Alternate translation: "It is people who trust in God that he considers right with him, and they will live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	1	18	gqv3			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul reveals God's great anger against sinful man. 
 ROM	1	18	r15v	figs-activepassive	ἀποκαλύπτεται γὰρ ὀργὴ Θεοῦ 	1	For the wrath of God is revealed 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "For God shows how angry he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	1	18	c69s		γὰρ	1	For	Paul uses the word "for" to show he is about to tell why people know that what he has said in [Romans 1:17](../01/17.md) is true. 
@@ -52,22 +52,22 @@ ROM	1	18	wzy3	figs-abstractnouns	ἀποκαλύπτεται ... ὀργὴ Θε
 ROM	1	18	rn72	figs-explicit	τὴν ἀλήθειαν ... κατεχόντων 	1	hold back the truth 	Here "truth" refers to true information about God. Alternate translation: "hide the true information about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	1	19	tbu2	figs-activepassive	τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς 	1	that which is known about God is visible to them 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "they can know about God because of what they can plainly see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	1	19	u8z3	figs-explicit	ὁ Θεὸς γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἐφανέρωσεν 	1	For God has enlightened them 	Here "enlightened them" means God has shown them the truth about him. Alternate translation: "Because God has shown everyone what he is like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	1	20	szu6	figs-metaphor		0	For his invisible qualities ... have been clearly seen	Paul speaks of people understanding God's invisible qualities as if people have seen those qualities. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "For people have clearly understood God's invisible qualities, namely his eternal power and divine nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	1	20	szu6	figs-metaphor	τὰ γὰρ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου, τοῖς ποιήμασιν νοούμενα, καθορᾶται 	1	For his invisible qualities ... have been clearly seen 	Paul speaks of people understanding God's invisible qualities as if people have seen those qualities. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "For people have clearly understood God's invisible qualities, namely his eternal power and divine nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	1	20	wk7u		θειότης	1	divine nature 	"all the qualities and characteristics of God" or "the things about God that make him God" 
 ROM	1	20	uvc1		κόσμου	1	world	This refers to the heavens and the earth, as well as everything in them. 
-ROM	1	20	c7hp	figs-activepassive		0	in the things that have been made	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "because of the things that God has made" or "because people have seen the things that God has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	1	20	c7hp	figs-activepassive	τοῖς ποιήμασιν 	1	in the things that have been made 	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "because of the things that God has made" or "because people have seen the things that God has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	1	20	dxr6		τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους 	1	they are without excuse 	"these people can never say that they did not know" 
 ROM	1	21	xm6i	figs-activepassive	ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν 	1	became foolish in their thoughts 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "began to think foolish things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	1	21	gw8y	figs-metaphor	ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία 	1	their senseless hearts were darkened 	Here "darkness" is a metaphor that represents the people's lack of understanding. Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate translation: "they became unable to understand what God wanted them to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	1	22	ddr2		φάσκοντες εἶναι σοφοὶ, ἐμωράνθησαν 	1	They claimed to be wise, but they became foolish 	"While they were claiming that they were wise, they became foolish" 
-ROM	1	22	ly68			0	They ... they	the people in [Romans 1:18](../01/18.md)
-ROM	1	23	k9xu		καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θεοῦ	1	exchanged the glory of the imperishable God	"traded the truth that God is glorious and will never die" or "stopped believing that God is glorious and will never die"
-ROM	1	23	x2wl		ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ	1	for the likenesses of an image of	"and instead chose to worship idols that looked like"
-ROM	1	23	r14e		φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου	1	perishable man	"some human being that will die"
-ROM	1	23	u971		ἑρπετῶν	1	of birds, of four-footed beasts, and of creeping things	"or that looked like birds, four-footed beasts, or creeping things"
+ROM	1	22	ly68		φάσκοντες	1	They ... they 	the people in [Romans 1:18](../01/18.md) 
+ROM	1	23	k9xu		ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θεοῦ 	1	They exchanged the glory of the imperishable God 	"traded the truth that God is glorious and will never die" or "stopped believing that God is glorious and will never die" 
+ROM	1	23	x2wl		ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος 	1	for the likenesses of an image	"and instead chose to worship idols that looked like" 
+ROM	1	23	r14e		φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου 	1	of perishable man 	"some human being that will die" 
+ROM	1	23	u971		πετεινῶν, καὶ τετραπόδων, καὶ ἑρπετῶν 	1	of birds, of four-footed beasts, and of creeping things 	"or that looked like birds, four-footed beasts, or creeping things" 
 ROM	1	24	fvv6		διὸ	1	Therefore	"Because what I have just said is true" 
 ROM	1	24	ec9q		παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν 	1	God gave them over to 	"God allowed them to indulge in" 
-ROM	1	24	tlv5			0	them ... their ... themselves	These words refer to the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](../01/18.md).
+ROM	1	24	tlv5		αὐτοὺς ... αὐτῶν ... αὐτοῖς; 	1	them ... their ... themselves 	These words refer to the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](../01/18.md). 
 ROM	1	24	n8ac	figs-synecdoche	ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν 	1	the lusts of their hearts for uncleanness 	Here "lusts of their hearts" is a synecdoche that represents the evil things they wanted to do. Alternate translation: "the morally impure things they desired greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
 ROM	1	24	a8pm	figs-euphemism	τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς 	1	for their bodies to be dishonored among themselves 	This is a euphemism that means they committed immoral sexual acts. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "and they committed sexually immoral and degrading acts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	1	25	dv6h		οἵτινες	1	they	This word refers to the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](../01/18.md). 
@@ -80,18 +80,18 @@ ROM	1	26	j4ni		αἵ τε γὰρ θήλειαι αὐτῶν	1	for their women
 ROM	1	26	vs4a	figs-euphemism	μετήλλαξαν τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν 	1	exchanged natural relations for those that were unnatural 	The idea of relations "that were unnatural" is a euphemism for immoral sexuality. Alternate translation: "started practicing sexuality in a way God did not design" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 
 ROM	1	27	g3ja	figs-euphemism	καὶ ... ἄρσενες ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας 	1	men also left their natural relations with women 	Here "natural relations" is a euphemism for sexual relationships. Alternate translation: "many men stopped having natural sexual desire for women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 
 ROM	1	27	c7ja		ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους 	1	burned in their lust for one another 	"experienced strong sexual desire for other men" 
-ROM	1	27	gn3f		τὴν ... ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι	1	committed shameless acts	"committed acts for which they should have been ashamed, but they were not ashamed"
+ROM	1	27	gn3f		τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι 	1	committed shameless acts 	"committed acts for which they should have been ashamed, but they were not ashamed" 
 ROM	1	27	qvi3		ἄρσεσιν ... καὶ τὴν ἀντιμισθίαν ἣν ἔδει τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀπολαμβάνοντες 	1	men and received in themselves the penalty they deserved for their error 	"men, and God has punished them justly for the error they committed" 
-ROM	1	27	yvm1		τῆς ... πλάνης	1	error	moral wrong, not a mistake about facts
+ROM	1	27	yvm1		πλάνης	1	error	moral wrong, not a mistake about facts 
 ROM	1	28	cx7y		καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν, τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει 	1	Because they did not approve of having God in their awareness 	"They did not think it was necessary to know God" 
-ROM	1	28	bt7u			0	they ... their ... them	These words refer to the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](../01/18.md).
-ROM	1	28	yy1c	figs-explicit		0	he gave them up to a depraved mind	Here "a depraved mind" means a mind that thinks only about immoral things. Alternate translation: "God allowed their minds, which they had filled with worthless and immoral thoughts, to completely control them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	1	28	bt7u		αὐτοὺς	1	they ... their ... them 	These words refer to the "mankind" of [Romans 1:18](../01/18.md). 
+ROM	1	28	yy1c	figs-explicit	παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν 	1	he gave them up to a depraved mind 	Here "a depraved mind" means a mind that thinks only about immoral things. Alternate translation: "God allowed their minds, which they had filled with worthless and immoral thoughts, to completely control them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	1	28	p8z2		μὴ καθήκοντα 	1	not proper 	"disgraceful" or "sinful" 
 ROM	1	29	c2e2	figs-activepassive	πεπληρωμένους	1	They have been filled with 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "They have in them a strong desire for" or "They strongly desire to do deeds of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	1	29	t4qm	figs-activepassive	ψιθυριστάς	1	They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and evil intentions	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Many are constantly envying other people ... Many constantly desire to murder people ... to cause arguments and quarrels among people ... to deceive others ... to speak hatefully about others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	1	29	t4qm	figs-activepassive	μεστοὺς φθόνου, φόνου, ἔριδος, δόλου, κακοηθείας 	1	They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and evil intentions 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Many are constantly envying other people ... Many constantly desire to murder people ... to cause arguments and quarrels among people ... to deceive others ... to speak hatefully about others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	1	30	f4tt		καταλάλους	1	slanderers	A slanderer says false things about another person in order to damage that person's reputation. 
 ROM	1	30	th8q		ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν 	1	inventing ways of doing evil 	"thinking of new ways to do evil things to others" 
-ROM	1	32	cxx8		οἵτινες τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιγνόντες	1	They understand the regulations of God	"They know how God wants them to live"
+ROM	1	32	cxx8		οἵτινες τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιγνόντες 	1	They understand the righteous regulations of God 	"They know how God wants them to live" 
 ROM	1	32	ytu6	figs-explicit	ὅτι οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντες 	1	that those who practice such things 	Here "practice" refers to continually or habitually doing things that are evil. Alternate translation: "and that those who keep on doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	1	32	z12q		ἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν 	1	are deserving of death 	"deserve to die" 
 ROM	1	32	ama2		αὐτὰ	1	these things 	"these kinds of evil things" 
@@ -101,42 +101,42 @@ ROM	2	1	y6ts			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul has affirmed all men are sinners and
 ROM	2	1	d7pj	figs-explicit	διὸ ἀναπολόγητος εἶ 	1	Therefore you are without excuse 	The word "therefore" marks a new section of the letter. It also makes a concluding statement based on what Paul has said in [Romans 1:1-32](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "Since God will punish those who continually sin, he will certainly not excuse your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	2	1	x3mi	figs-apostrophe	εἶ	1	you are 	Paul is writing here as if he were addressing a Jewish person who is arguing with him. Paul is doing this to teach his audience that God will punish everyone who continually sins, whether Jew or Gentile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) 
 ROM	2	1	md5e	figs-you	εἶ	1	you	Here the pronoun "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
-ROM	2	1	jt4b	figs-explicit	ὦ ἄνθρωπε ... ὁ κρίνων	1	you person, you who judge	Paul uses the word "person" here to scold anyone who might think he can act like God and judge others. Alternate translation: "You are just a human being, yet you judge others and say they deserve God's punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	2	1	jt4b	figs-explicit	ὦ ἄνθρωπε πᾶς ὁ κρίνων 	1	you person, you who judge 	Paul uses the word "person" here to scold anyone who might think he can act like God and judge others. Alternate translation: "You are just a human being, yet you judge others and say they deserve God's punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	2	1	ybp2		ἐν ᾧ γὰρ κρίνεις τὸν ἕτερον, σεαυτὸν κατακρίνεις 	1	for what you judge in another you condemn in yourself 	"But you are only judging yourself because you do the same wicked deeds as they do" 
 ROM	2	2	jr4i	figs-inclusive	οἴδαμεν δὲ 	1	But we know 	Here the pronoun "we" may include Christian believers and also Jews who are not Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	2	2	kfy1	figs-personification	τὸ κρίμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν κατὰ ἀλήθειαν ἐπὶ τοὺς 	1	God's judgment is according to truth when it falls on those 	Here Paul speaks of "God's judgment" as if it were alive and could "fall" on people. Alternate translation: "God will judge those people truly and fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	2	2	rgw4		τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντας 	1	those who practice such things 	"the people who do those wicked deeds" 
 ROM	2	3	wg1h		λογίζῃ δὲ τοῦτο 	1	But consider this 	"So consider this" or "Therefore, consider this" 
 ROM	2	3	ijd6		λογίζῃ ... τοῦτο 	1	consider this 	"think about what I am going to tell you" 
-ROM	2	3	zwg7		ὦ ἄνθρωπε	1	person	Use the general word for a human being "whoever you are"
+ROM	2	3	zwg7		ἄνθρωπε	1	person	Use the general word for a human being "whoever you are" 
 ROM	2	3	rk75		ὦ ἄνθρωπε, ὁ κρίνων τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντας, καὶ ποιῶν αὐτά 	1	you who judge those who practice such things although you do the same things 	"you who say someone deserves God's punishment while you do the same wicked deeds" 
 ROM	2	3	p7mw	figs-rquestion	ὅτι σὺ ἐκφεύξῃ τὸ κρίμα τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	Will you escape from the judgment of God? 	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can also translate this question as a strong negative statement. Alternate translation: "You will certainly not escape God's judgment!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	2	4	pex3	figs-rquestion		0	Or do you think so little of the riches of his goodness, his delayed punishment, and his patience ... repentance?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can also translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You should not act like it does not matter that God is good and that he patiently waits a long time before he punishes people, so that his goodness will cause them to repent!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-ROM	2	4	w537			0	think so little of the riches ... patience	"consider the riches ... patience unimportant" or "consider ... not good"
-ROM	2	4	swj9	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not know that his goodness is meant to lead you to repentance?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can also translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You must know that God shows you he is good so that you might repent!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+ROM	2	4	pex3	figs-rquestion	ἢ τοῦ πλούτου τῆς χρηστότητος αὐτοῦ, καὶ τῆς ἀνοχῆς, καὶ τῆς μακροθυμίας καταφρονεῖς, ἀγνοῶν ὅτι τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰς μετάνοιάν σε ἄγει? 	1	Or do you think so little of the riches of his goodness, his delayed punishment, and his patience ... repentance? 	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can also translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You should not act like it does not matter that God is good and that he patiently waits a long time before he punishes people, so that his goodness will cause them to repent!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
+ROM	2	4	w537		τοῦ πλούτου τῆς χρηστότητος αὐτοῦ, καὶ τῆς ἀνοχῆς, καὶ τῆς μακροθυμίας καταφρονεῖς 	1	Do you think so little of the riches ... patience 	"consider the riches ... patience unimportant" or "consider ... not good" 
+ROM	2	4	swj9	figs-rquestion	ἀγνοῶν ὅτι τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰς μετάνοιάν σε ἄγει? 	1	Do you not know that his goodness is meant to lead you to repentance? 	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can also translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You must know that God shows you he is good so that you might repent!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	2	5	t8pv			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul continues to remind the people that all people are wicked. 
 ROM	2	5	agl8	figs-metaphor	κατὰ δὲ τὴν σκληρότητά σου καὶ ἀμετανόητον καρδίαν 	1	But it is to the extent of your hardness and unrepentant heart 	Paul uses a metaphor to compare a person who refuses to obey God to something hard, like a stone. He also uses the metonym "heart" to represent the person's mind or inner being. Alternate translation: "It is because you refuse to listen and repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	2	5	f52g	figs-doublet	τὴν σκληρότητά ... καὶ ἀμετανόητον καρδίαν 	1	hardness and unrepentant heart 	This is a doublet that you can combine as "unrepentant heart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
 ROM	2	5	fv4k	figs-metaphor	θησαυρίζεις σεαυτῷ ὀργὴν 	1	you are storing up for yourself wrath 	The phrase "storing up" implies a metaphor that usually refers to a person gathering his treasures and putting them in a safe place. Paul says, instead of treasures, that the person is gathering God's punishment. The longer they go without repenting, the more severe the punishment. Alternate translation: "you are making your punishment worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
-ROM	2	5	h8cp	figs-doublet		0	on the day of wrath ... the day of the revelation of God's righteous judgment	Both of these phrases refer to the same day. Alternate translation: "when God shows everyone that he is angry and that he judges all people fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-ROM	2	6	c4dn		ἀποδώσει	1	pay back	"give a fair reward or punishment"
+ROM	2	5	h8cp	figs-doublet	ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς ... ἀποκαλύψεως δικαιοκρισίας τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	on the day of wrath ... of the revelation of God's righteous judgment 	Both of these phrases refer to the same day. Alternate translation: "when God shows everyone that he is angry and that he judges all people fairly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
+ROM	2	6	c4dn		ἀποδώσει	1	will pay back 	"give a fair reward or punishment" 
 ROM	2	6	gj1q		ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ 	1	to every person according to his actions 	"each person according to what that person has done" 
-ROM	2	7	gec6		ζητοῦσιν	1	have sought	This means that they act in a way that will lead to a positive decision from God on judgment day.
+ROM	2	7	gec6		ζητοῦσιν	1	seeking	This means that they act in a way that will lead to a positive decision from God on judgment day. 
 ROM	2	7	ub51		δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν 	1	praise, honor, and incorruptibility 	They want God to praise and honor them, and they want to never die. 
 ROM	2	7	m341		ἀφθαρσίαν	1	incorruptibility	This refers to physical, not moral, decay. 
 ROM	2	8	guq1			0	Connecting Statement: 	Though this section is speaking to the non-religious wicked person, Paul sums it up by stating both non-Jews and Jews are wicked before God. 
-ROM	2	8	wa6f		ἐξ ἐριθείας	1	self-seeking	"selfish" or "only concerned with what makes themselves happy"
-ROM	2	8	fcb4	figs-parallelism	καὶ ἀπειθοῦσι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, πειθομένοις δὲ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ	1	disobey the truth but obey unrighteousness	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
+ROM	2	8	wa6f		ἐριθείας	1	self-seeking	"selfish" or "only concerned with what makes themselves happy" 
+ROM	2	8	fcb4	figs-parallelism	ἀπειθοῦσι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, πειθομένοις δὲ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ 	1	disobey the truth but obey unrighteousness 	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 
 ROM	2	8	j1e6	figs-doublet	ὀργὴ καὶ θυμός 	1	wrath and fierce anger will come 	The words "wrath" and "fierce anger" mean basically the same thing and emphasize God's anger. Alternate translation: "God will show his terrible anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
 ROM	2	8	c2n3	figs-metonymy	ὀργὴ	1	wrath	Here the word "wrath" is a metonym that refers to God's severe punishment of wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	2	9	u8f7	figs-doublet	θλῖψις καὶ στενοχωρία, ἐπὶ 	1	tribulation and distress on 	The words "tribulation" and "distress" mean basically the same thing here and emphasize how bad God's punishment will be. Alternate translation: "awful punishments will happen to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
 ROM	2	9	ck9i	figs-synecdoche	ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ψυχὴν ἀνθρώπου 	1	on every human soul 	Here, Paul uses the word "soul" as a synecdoche that refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "upon every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
 ROM	2	9	n7q4		τοῦ κατεργαζομένου τὸ κακόν 	1	has practiced evil 	"has continually done evil things" 
-ROM	2	9	a9s5		Ἕλληνος	1	to the Jew first, and also to the Greek	"God will judge the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people"
+ROM	2	9	a9s5		Ἰουδαίου τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνος 	1	to the Jew first, and also to the Greek 	"God will judge the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people" 
 ROM	2	9	n5ev		πρῶτον	1	first	Possible meanings are 1) "first in order of time" or 2) "most certainly" 
-ROM	2	10	vt1f		δόξα δὲ, καὶ τιμὴ, καὶ εἰρήνη, παντὶ	1	But praise, honor, and peace will come	"But God will give praise, honor, and peace"
+ROM	2	10	vt1f		δόξα δὲ, καὶ τιμὴ, καὶ εἰρήνη, παντὶ 	1	But praise, honor, and peace will come to everyone	"But God will give praise, honor, and peace" 
 ROM	2	10	i9tg		τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ τὸ ἀγαθόν 	1	practices good 	"continually does what is good" 
-ROM	2	10	zg3s		Ἕλληνι	1	to the Jew first, and also to the Greek	"God will reward the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people"
+ROM	2	10	zg3s		Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι 	1	to the Jew first, and also to the Greek 	"God will reward the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people" 
 ROM	2	10	ib56		πρῶτον	1	first	You should translate this the same way you did in [Romans 2:9](../02/09.md). 
 ROM	2	11	s7a6	figs-litotes	οὐ γάρ ἐστιν προσωπολημψία παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 	1	For there is no favoritism with God 	You can translate this in a positive form. Alternate translation: "For God treats all people the same" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) 
 ROM	2	12	wkx8		ὅσοι γὰρ ... ἥμαρτον 	1	For as many as have sinned 	"For those who have sinned" 
@@ -149,26 +149,26 @@ ROM	2	13	t28w	figs-explicit	οὐ ... οἱ ἀκροαταὶ νόμου	1	it i
 ROM	2	13	eg4h		δίκαιοι παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 	1	who are righteous before God 	"whom God considers righteous" 
 ROM	2	13	s4na		ἀλλ’ οἱ ποιηταὶ νόμου 	1	but it is the doers of the law 	"but it is those who obey the law of Moses" 
 ROM	2	13	c1bu	figs-activepassive	δικαιωθήσονται	1	who will be justified 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "whom God will accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	2	14	tn5f	figs-idiom		0	Gentiles, who do not have the law ... are a law to themselves	The phrase "law to themselves" is an idiom that means that these people naturally obey God's laws. Alternate translation: "have God's laws already inside them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ROM	2	14	tn5f	figs-idiom	ἔθνη τὰ μὴ νόμον ἔχοντα, ... ἑαυτοῖς εἰσιν νόμος; 	1	Gentiles, who do not have the law ... are a law to themselves 	The phrase "law to themselves" is an idiom that means that these people naturally obey God's laws. Alternate translation: "have God's laws already inside them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	2	14	q2id	figs-explicit	νόμον ... μὴ ἔχοντες 	1	they do not have the law 	Here "the law" refers to the law of Moses." Alternate translation: "they do not actually have the laws that God gave to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	2	15	xl6v		οἵτινες ἐνδείκνυνται 	1	By this they show 	"By naturally obeying the law they show" 
-ROM	2	15	x35c	figs-metonymy	ἐνδείκνυνται τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου, γραπτὸν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν	1	that the actions required by the law are written in their hearts	Here "hearts" is a metonym for the person's thoughts or inner person. The phrase "written in their hearts" is a metaphor for knowing something in their mind. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "that God has written on their hearts what the law requires them to do" or "that they know the actions that God wants them to do according to his law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	2	15	z28q	figs-idiom	συνμαρτυρούσης αὐτῶν ... καὶ μεταξὺ ἀλλήλων, τῶν λογισμῶν κατηγορούντων ἢ καὶ ἀπολογουμένων	1	bears witness to them, and their own thoughts either accuse or defend them to themselves	Here "bears witness" refers to the knowledge they gain from the law that God has written in their hearts. Alternate translation: "tells them if they are disobeying or obeying God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ROM	2	15	x35c	figs-metonymy	τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου, γραπτὸν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν 	1	the actions required by the law are written in their hearts 	Here "hearts" is a metonym for the person's thoughts or inner person. The phrase "written in their hearts" is a metaphor for knowing something in their mind. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "that God has written on their hearts what the law requires them to do" or "that they know the actions that God wants them to do according to his law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
+ROM	2	15	z28q	figs-idiom	συνμαρτυρούσης αὐτῶν ... καὶ μεταξὺ ἀλλήλων, τῶν λογισμῶν κατηγορούντων ἢ καὶ ἀπολογουμένων 	1	bears witness to them, and their own thoughts either accuse or defend them	Here "bears witness" refers to the knowledge they gain from the law that God has written in their hearts. Alternate translation: "tells them if they are disobeying or obeying God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	2	16	c5fp		ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὅτε κρίνει ὁ Θεὸς 	1	on the day when God will judge 	This finishes Paul's thought from [Romans 2:13](../02/13.md). "This will happen when God judges" 
 ROM	2	17	lc6m			0	Connecting Statement: 	Here begins Paul's discussion that the law the Jews possess actually condemns them because they do not obey it. 
 ROM	2	17	cnq7		εἰ ... σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ἐπονομάζῃ 	1	if you call yourself a Jew 	"since you call yourself a Jew" 
-ROM	2	17	gz6j	figs-metaphor		0	rest upon the law	The phrase "rest upon the law" represents believing that they can become righteous by obeying the law. Alternate translation: "rely on the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	2	17	gz6j	figs-metaphor	ἐπαναπαύῃ νόμῳ, 	1	rest upon the law 	The phrase "rest upon the law" represents believing that they can become righteous by obeying the law. Alternate translation: "rely on the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	2	18	l3we		γινώσκεις τὸ θέλημα 	1	know his will 	"and know God's will" 
 ROM	2	18	xn6w	figs-activepassive	κατηχούμενος ἐκ τοῦ νόμου 	1	because you have been instructed from the law 	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "because people have taught you what is right from the law" or "because you have learned from the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	2	19	wi7z	figs-parallelism	πέποιθάς τε σεαυτὸν ὁδηγὸν εἶναι τυφλῶν, φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει	1	that you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness	Here "the blind" and "those who walk in darkness" represent people who do not understand the law. Alternate translation: "that because you teach the law, you yourself are like a guide to blind people, and you are like a light to people who are lost in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	2	19	wi7z	figs-parallelism	πέποιθάς τε σεαυτὸν ὁδηγὸν εἶναι τυφλῶν, φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει 	1	you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness 	Here "the blind" and "those who walk in darkness" represent people who do not understand the law. Alternate translation: "that because you teach the law, you yourself are like a guide to blind people, and you are like a light to people who are lost in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	2	20	p7qq		παιδευτὴν ἀφρόνων 	1	a corrector of the foolish 	"you correct those who do wrong" 
 ROM	2	20	ar5a	figs-metaphor	διδάσκαλον νηπίων 	1	a teacher of little children 	Here Paul compares those who do not know anything about the law to very small children. Alternate translation: "and you teach those who do not know the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	2	20	gh9s	figs-explicit	ἔχοντα τὴν μόρφωσιν τῆς γνώσεως καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐν τῷ νόμῳ 	1	and that you have in the law the form of knowledge and of the truth 	The knowledge of the truth that is in the law comes from God. Alternate translation: "because you are sure you understand the truth that God has given in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	2	21	uq9y	figs-rquestion		0	You who teach others, do you not teach yourself?	Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You teach others, but you do not teach yourself!" or "You teach others, but you do not do what you teach!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-ROM	2	21	hl38	figs-rquestion	ὁ ... κηρύσσων μὴ κλέπτειν, κλέπτεις	1	You who preach against stealing, do you steal?	Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You tell people not to steal, but you steal!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+ROM	2	21	uq9y	figs-rquestion	ὁ ... διδάσκων ἕτερον, σεαυτὸν οὐ διδάσκεις 	1	You who teach others, do you not teach yourself? 	Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You teach others, but you do not teach yourself!" or "You teach others, but you do not do what you teach!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
+ROM	2	21	hl38	figs-rquestion	ὁ κηρύσσων μὴ κλέπτειν, κλέπτεις 	1	You who preach against stealing, do you steal? 	Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You tell people not to steal, but you steal!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	2	22	vb45	figs-rquestion	ὁ λέγων μὴ μοιχεύειν, μοιχεύεις 	1	You who say that one must not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? 	Paul is using a question to scold his listeners. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You tell people not to commit adultery, but you commit adultery!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	2	22	qn68	figs-rquestion	ὁ ... βδελυσσόμενος τὰ εἴδωλα, ἱεροσυλεῖς	1	You who hate idols, do you rob temples?	Paul is using a question to scold his listener. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You say you hate idols, but you rob temples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-ROM	2	22	mv4d		ἱεροσυλεῖς	1	rob temples	Possible meanings are 1) "steal items from local pagan temples to sell and make a profit" or 2) "do not send to the Jerusalem temple all the money that is due to God."
+ROM	2	22	qn68	figs-rquestion	ὁ βδελυσσόμενος τὰ εἴδωλα, ἱεροσυλεῖς 	1	You who hate idols, do you rob temples? 	Paul is using a question to scold his listener. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You say you hate idols, but you rob temples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
+ROM	2	22	mv4d		ἱεροσυλεῖς	1	Do you rob temples 	Possible meanings are 1) "steal items from local pagan temples to sell and make a profit" or 2) "do not send to the Jerusalem temple all the money that is due to God." 
 ROM	2	23	grr3	figs-rquestion	ὃς ἐν νόμῳ καυχᾶσαι διὰ τῆς παραβάσεως τοῦ νόμου, τὸν Θεὸν ἀτιμάζεις 	1	You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law? 	Paul uses a question to scold his listener. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "It is wicked that you claim to be proud of the law, while at the same time you disobey it and bring shame to God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	2	24	q13d	figs-activepassive	τὸ ... ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ ... βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 	1	the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "many Gentiles blaspheme the name of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	2	24	xq7q	figs-metonymy	ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	name of God 	The word "name" is a metonym that refers to the entirety of God, not just his name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
@@ -179,36 +179,36 @@ ROM	2	25	xq62		ἡ περιτομή σου, ἀκροβυστία γέγονεν
 ROM	2	26	vt7f		ἡ ἀκροβυστία 	1	the uncircumcised person 	"the person who is not circumcised" 
 ROM	2	26	nf3j		τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ νόμου φυλάσσῃ 	1	keeps the requirements of the law 	"obeys what God commands in the law" 
 ROM	2	26	be71	figs-rquestion	οὐχ ἡ ἀκροβυστία αὐτοῦ εἰς περιτομὴν λογισθήσεται 	1	will not his uncircumcision be considered as circumcision? 	This is the first of two questions Paul asks here to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. You can translate this question as a statement in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will consider him as circumcised." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	2	27	lqz2	figs-rquestion		0	And will not the one who is naturally uncircumcised condemn you ... the law?	This is the second of two questions that Paul asks here (the first is in Romans 2:26 (./26.md)) to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. You can translate this questions as a statement in an active form. Alternate translation: "The one who is not physically circumcised will condemn you ... the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	2	27	lqz2	figs-rquestion	καὶ κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία, τὸν νόμον τελοῦσα 	1	And will not the one who is naturally uncircumcised condemn you ... the law? 	This is the second of two questions that Paul asks here (the first is in Romans 2:26 (./26.md)) to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. You can translate this questions as a statement in an active form. Alternate translation: "The one who is not physically circumcised will condemn you ... the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	2	28	g2vh		ἐν τῷ φανερῷ 	1	outwardly	This refers to Jewish rituals, such as circumcision, which people can see. 
-ROM	2	28	bl6h		ἐν τῷ φανερῷ ... ἐν ... σαρκὶ	1	merely outward in the flesh	This refers to the physical change to a man's body when someone circumcises him.
+ROM	2	28	bl6h		ἐν τῷ φανερῷ ἐν σαρκὶ 	1	merely outward in the flesh 	This refers to the physical change to a man's body when someone circumcises him. 
 ROM	2	28	s44m	figs-synecdoche	σαρκὶ	1	flesh	This is a synecdoche for the whole body. Alternate translation: "body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
 ROM	2	29	hkk4	figs-parallelism	ὁ ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ Ἰουδαῖος; καὶ περιτομὴ καρδίας 	1	he is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is that of the heart 	These two phrases have similar meanings. The first phrase, "he is a Jew who is one inwardly," explains the second phrase, "circumcision is that of the heart." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 
 ROM	2	29	v149		ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ 	1	inwardly	This refers to the values and motivations of the person whom God has transformed. 
 ROM	2	29	dk8q	figs-metonymy	καρδίας	1	of the heart 	Here "heart" is a metonym for the inner person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-ROM	2	29	dd3p	figs-synecdoche	ἐν ... Πνεύματι, οὐ γράμματι	1	in the Spirit, not in the letter	Here "letter" is a synecdoche that refers to written Scripture. Alternate translation: "through the work of the Holy Spirit, not because you know the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-ROM	2	29	qa6b		ἐν ... Πνεύματι	1	in the Spirit	This refers to the internal, spiritual part of a person that "God's Spirit" changes .
+ROM	2	29	dd3p	figs-synecdoche	ἐν Πνεύματι, οὐ γράμματι 	1	in the Spirit, not in the letter 	Here "letter" is a synecdoche that refers to written Scripture. Alternate translation: "through the work of the Holy Spirit, not because you know the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
+ROM	2	29	qa6b		ἐν Πνεύματι 	1	in the Spirit 	This refers to the internal, spiritual part of a person that "God's Spirit" changes . 
 ROM	3	intro	y2kb			0		# Romans 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 4 and 10-18 of this chapter, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>Chapter 3 answers the question, "What advantage does being a Jew have over being a Gentile?" (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>### "For all have sinned and come short of the glory of God"<br>Because God is holy, anyone with him in heaven must be perfect. Any sin at all will condemn a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]])<br><br>### The purpose of the law of Moses<br>Obeying the law cannot make a person right with God. Obeying God's law is a way a person shows they believe in God. People have always been justified only by faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Paul frequently uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader see their sin so they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]])<br> 
 ROM	3	1	v788			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul proclaims the advantage that Jews have because God gave them his law. 
 ROM	3	1	gcd6	figs-explicit	τί οὖν τὸ περισσὸν τοῦ Ἰουδαίου, ἢ τίς ἡ ὠφέλια τῆς περιτομῆς 	1	Then what advantage does the Jew have? And what is the benefit of circumcision? 	Paul presents ideas that people might have after they hear what he wrote in chapter 2. He does this in order to respond to them in verse 2. Alternate translation: "Some people might say, 'Then what advantage does the Jew have? And what is the benefit of circumcision?'" or "Some people might say, 'If that is true, then the Jews do not have any advantage, and there is no benefit in being circumcised.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	3	2	rri9	figs-explicit	πολὺ κατὰ πάντα τρόπον 	1	It is great in every way 	Paul now responds to the concerns brought up in verse 1. Here "It" refers to being a member of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: "But there is great advantage to being a Jew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	3	2	q2dh		πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ὅτι	1	First of all	Possible meanings are 1) "First in order of time" or 2) "Most certainly" or 3) "Most importantly."
-ROM	3	2	r62g	figs-explicit	ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the Jews were entrusted with revelation from God	Here "revelation" refers to God's words and promises. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God gave his words that contain his promises to the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	3	2	q2dh		πρῶτον μὲν 	1	First of all 	Possible meanings are 1) "First in order of time" or 2) "Most certainly" or 3) "Most importantly." 
+ROM	3	2	r62g	figs-explicit	ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	they were entrusted with revelation from God 	Here "revelation" refers to God's words and promises. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God gave his words that contain his promises to the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	3	3	d9k3	figs-rquestion	τί γάρ εἰ ἠπίστησάν τινες? μὴ ἡ ἀπιστία αὐτῶν, τὴν πίστιν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταργήσει 	1	For what if some Jews were without faith? Will their unbelief abolish God's faithfulness? 	Paul uses these questions to make people think. Alternate translation: "Some Jews have not been faithful to God. Should we conclude from this that God will not fulfill his promise?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	3	4	z465		μὴ γένοιτο 	1	May it never be 	This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have an expression in your language that you could use here. "That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" 
-ROM	3	4	kz4j		γινέσθω δὲ	1	Instead, let	"We should say this instead, let"
+ROM	3	4	kz4j		γινέσθω δὲ 	1	Instead, let be found	"We should say this instead, let" 
 ROM	3	4	ld9h	figs-explicit	γινέσθω ... ὁ Θεὸς ἀληθής 	1	let God be found to be true 	God will always be true and will keep his promises. Alternate translation: "God always does what he has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	3	4	nud9	figs-hyperbole	πᾶς δὲ ἄνθρωπος ψεύστης 	1	even though every man is a liar 	The words "every" and "liar" are exaggerations here to add emphasis that God alone is always true to his promises. Alternate translation: "even if every man were a liar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 
 ROM	3	4	te39	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται 	1	As it has been written 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "The Scriptures themselves agree with what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	3	4	x6ax	figs-parallelism	ὅπως ἂν δικαιωθῇς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σου, καὶ νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε 	1	That you might be shown to be righteous in your words, and that you might prevail when you come into judgment 	These two phrases have very similar meanings. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Everyone must acknowledge that what you say is true, and you will always win your case when anyone accuses you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	3	5	dgk8	figs-rquestion		0	But if our unrighteousness shows the righteousness of God, what can we say? Can we say that God is unrighteous to bring his wrath upon us?	Paul uses these questions to present what some people were arguing and to get his readers to think about whether or not this argument is true. Alternate translation: "Some people say that since our unrighteousness shows God's righteousness, then God is unrighteous when he punishes us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-ROM	3	5	e9ux	figs-metonymy		0	to bring his wrath upon us	Here "wrath" is a metonym for punishment. Alternate translation: "to bring his punishment upon us" or "to punish us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ROM	3	5	j631		κατὰ( ἄνθρωπον λέγω	1	I am using a human argument	"I am saying here what some people say" or "This is what some people say"
+ROM	3	5	dgk8	figs-rquestion	εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀδικία ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ δικαιοσύνην συνίστησιν, τί ἐροῦμεν? μὴ ἄδικος ὁ Θεὸς, ὁ ἐπιφέρων τὴν ὀργήν 	1	But if our unrighteousness shows the righteousness of God, what can we say? Can we say that God is unrighteous to bring his wrath upon us? 	Paul uses these questions to present what some people were arguing and to get his readers to think about whether or not this argument is true. Alternate translation: "Some people say that since our unrighteousness shows God's righteousness, then God is unrighteous when he punishes us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
+ROM	3	5	e9ux	figs-metonymy	ὁ ἐπιφέρων τὴν ὀργήν 	1	to bring his wrath	Here "wrath" is a metonym for punishment. Alternate translation: "to bring his punishment upon us" or "to punish us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
+ROM	3	5	j631		(κατὰ ἄνθρωπον λέγω) 	1	I am using a human argument 	"I am saying here what some people say" or "This is what some people say" 
 ROM	3	6	gd5f		μὴ γένοιτο 	1	May it never be 	"We must never say that God is unrighteous" 
 ROM	3	6	zg9s	figs-rquestion	ἐπεὶ πῶς κρινεῖ ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον 	1	For then how would God judge the world? 	Paul uses this question to show that the arguments against the gospel are not valid, since the Jews believe that God will judge all people. Alternate translation: "We all know that God will in fact judge the world!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	3	6	lnp3	figs-metonymy	τὸν κόσμον 	1	the world 	The "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "anyone in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	3	7	b9k1	figs-rquestion	εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ψεύσματι ἐπερίσσευσεν εἰς τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι 	1	But if the truth of God through my lie provides abundant praise for him, why am I still being judged as a sinner? 	Here Paul imagines someone continuing to reject the Christian gospel. That adversary argues, because his sin shows the righteousness of God, then God should not declare that he is a sinner on judgment day if, for example, he tells lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	3	8	tz14	figs-rquestion		0	Why not say ... come"?	Here Paul raises a question of his own, to show how ridiculous the argument of his imaginary adversary is. Alternate translation: "I might as well be saying ... come!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+ROM	3	8	tz14	figs-rquestion	καὶ μὴ καθὼς βλασφημούμεθα, καὶ καθώς φασίν τινες ἡμᾶς λέγειν, ὅτι “ ποιήσωμεν τὰ κακὰ, ἵνα ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀγαθά 	1	Why not say ... come"? 	Here Paul raises a question of his own, to show how ridiculous the argument of his imaginary adversary is. Alternate translation: "I might as well be saying ... come!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	3	8	kb9d		καθὼς βλασφημούμεθα 	1	as we are falsely reported to say 	"some lie to tell others that this is what we are saying" 
 ROM	3	8	cn1c		ὧν τὸ κρίμα ἔνδικόν ἐστιν 	1	The judgment on them is just 	It will be only fair when God condemns these enemies of Paul, for telling lies about what Paul has been teaching. 
 ROM	3	9	z3wu			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul sums up that all are guilty of sin, none are righteous, and no one seeks God. 
@@ -216,10 +216,10 @@ ROM	3	9	fia9	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν? προεχόμεθα	1	What then? Are
 ROM	3	9	g85q		οὐ πάντως 	1	Not at all 	These words are stronger than a simple "no," but not as strong as "absolutely not!" 
 ROM	3	10	u88n	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται 	1	This is as it is written 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "This is as the prophets have written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	3	11	h9e9	figs-explicit	οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ συνίων 	1	There is no one who understands 	There is no one who understands what is right. Alternate translation: "No one really understands what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	3	11	y7et	figs-explicit	οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ συνίων; οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ ἐκζητῶν τὸν Θεόν	1	There is no one who seeks after God	Here the phrase "seeks after God" means to have a relationship with God. Alternate translation: "No one sincerely tries to have a right relationship with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	3	11	y7et	figs-explicit	οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ ἐκζητῶν τὸν Θεόν 	1	There is no one who seeks after God 	Here the phrase "seeks after God" means to have a relationship with God. Alternate translation: "No one sincerely tries to have a right relationship with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	3	12	cen3	figs-idiom	πάντες ἐξέκλιναν 	1	They have all turned away 	This is an idiom that means the people do not even want to think about God. They want to avoid him. Alternate translation: "They have all turned away from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	3	12	y6qa	figs-explicit	ἅμα ἠχρεώθησαν 	1	They together have become useless 	Since no one does what is good, they are useless to God. Alternate translation: "Everyone has become useless to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	3	13	zf4i			0	Their ... Their	The word "their" refers to the "Jews and Greeks" of [Romans 3:9](../03/09.md).
+ROM	3	13	zf4i		αὐτῶν... αὐτῶν 	1	Their ... Their 	The word "their" refers to the "Jews and Greeks" of [Romans 3:9](../03/09.md). 
 ROM	3	13	bbq5	figs-metonymy	τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν 	1	Their throat is an open grave 	The word "throat" is a metonym for everything that people say that is unrighteous and disgusting. Here "open grave" is a metaphor that refers to the stench of the evil words of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	3	13	sx6y	figs-metonymy	ταῖς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν 	1	Their tongues have deceived 	The word "tongues" is a metonym for the false words that people speak. Alternate translation: "People speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	3	13	qk16	figs-metaphor	ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν 	1	The poison of snakes is under their lips 	Here "poison of snakes" is a metaphor that is used to represent the great harm of the evil words that the people speak. The word "lips" refers to the words of the people. Alternate translation: "Their evil words injure people just like the poison of a venomous snake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
@@ -228,15 +228,15 @@ ROM	3	15	vds1	figs-synecdoche	ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν, ἐκ
 ROM	3	15	a1dr		οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν 	1	Their feet 	The word "their" refers to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](../03/09.md). 
 ROM	3	16	d4y3		ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν 	1	their paths 	The word "their" refers to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](../03/09.md). 
 ROM	3	16	lyh1	figs-metonymy	σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν 	1	Destruction and suffering are in their paths 	Here "destruction and suffering" are metonyms that represent the harm that these people cause others to suffer. Alternate translation: "They try to destroy others and cause them to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-ROM	3	17	zk1i		ἔγνωσαν	1	These people	These words refer to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](../03/09.md).
-ROM	3	17	jb6b		καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης	1	a way of peace	"how to live at peace with others." A "way" is a road or path.
+ROM	3	17	zk1i		ἔγνωσαν	1	They have known	These words refer to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](../03/09.md). 
+ROM	3	17	jb6b		ὁδὸν εἰρήνης 	1	a way of peace 	"how to live at peace with others." A "way" is a road or path. 
 ROM	3	18	cpf2		αὐτῶν	1	their	This word refers to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](../03/09.md). 
 ROM	3	18	bx27	figs-synecdoche	οὐκ ἔστιν φόβος Θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν 	1	There is no fear of God before their eyes 	Here "fear" is a metonym that represents respect for God and willingness to honor him. Alternate translation: "Everyone refuses to give God the respect he deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
-ROM	3	19	e8h2	figs-personification	ὅσα ὁ νόμος λέγει, τοῖς ... λαλεῖ	1	whatever the law says, it speaks to	Paul speaks of the law here as if it were alive and had its own voice. Alternate translation: "everything that the law says people should do is for" or "all the commands that Moses wrote in the law are for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+ROM	3	19	e8h2	figs-personification	ὅσα ὁ νόμος λέγει, τοῖς ... λαλεῖ 	1	whatever the law says, it speaks	Paul speaks of the law here as if it were alive and had its own voice. Alternate translation: "everything that the law says people should do is for" or "all the commands that Moses wrote in the law are for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	3	19	n399		τοῖς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ 	1	the ones who are under the law 	"those who must obey the law" 
 ROM	3	19	cu9x	figs-synecdoche	ἵνα πᾶν στόμα φραγῇ 	1	in order that every mouth may be shut 	Here "mouth" is a synecdoche that means the words people speak. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that no people will be able to say anything valid to defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	3	19	w12y	figs-synecdoche	ὑπόδικος γένηται πᾶς ὁ κόσμος τῷ Θεῷ 	1	the whole world held accountable to God 	Here "world" is a synecdoche that represents all the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "that God can declare everyone in the world guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
-ROM	3	20	xs9x		πᾶσα σὰρξ	1	flesh	Here "flesh" refers to all human beings.
+ROM	3	20	xs9x		σὰρξ	1	flesh	Here "flesh" refers to all human beings. 
 ROM	3	20	gaa3		γὰρ	1	For	Possible meanings are 1) "Therefore" or 2) "This is because" 
 ROM	3	20	wtp4		διὰ ... νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας 	1	through the law comes the knowledge of sin 	"when someone knows God's law, he realizes that he has sinned" 
 ROM	3	21	fqz4			0	Connecting Statement: 	The word "but" here shows Paul has completed his introduction and is now beginning to make his main point. 
@@ -249,9 +249,9 @@ ROM	3	23	lym5	figs-metonymy	ὑστεροῦνται τῆς δόξης τοῦ
 ROM	3	24	xcu6	figs-explicit	δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν τῇ αὐτοῦ χάριτι, διὰ τῆς ἀπολυτρώσεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 	1	they are freely justified by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus 	Here "justified" refers to being made right with God. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God makes them right with himself as a free gift, because Christ Jesus sets them free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	3	24	bcc2		δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν 	1	they are freely justified 	This means that they are justified without having to earn or merit being justified. God freely justifies them. Alternate translation: "they are made right with God without earning it" 
 ROM	3	25	m159	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι 	1	in his blood 	This is a metonym for the death of Jesus as a sacrifice for sins. Alternate translation: "in his death as a sacrifice for sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-ROM	3	25	ieq9		τὴν πάρεσιν	1	disregard	Possible meanings are 1) ignoring or 2) forgiving.
+ROM	3	25	ieq9		πάρεσιν	1	disregard	Possible meanings are 1) ignoring or 2) forgiving. 
 ROM	3	26	lm1r		πρὸς τὴν ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ 	1	This all happened for the demonstration of his righteousness at this present time 	"He did this to show how God makes people right with himself" 
-ROM	3	26	cg55		εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν δίκαιον καὶ δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ	1	This was so he could prove himself just, and to show that he justifies anyone because of faith in Jesus	"By this he shows that he is both just and the one who declares everyone righteous who has faith in Jesus"
+ROM	3	26	cg55		εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν δίκαιον καὶ δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ 	1	so that he could be just, and justify the one who has faith in Jesus	"By this he shows that he is both just and the one who declares everyone righteous who has faith in Jesus" 
 ROM	3	27	fjm4	figs-rquestion	ποῦ οὖν ἡ καύχησις? ἐξεκλείσθη 	1	Where then is boasting? It is excluded 	Paul asks this question to show that there is no reason for people to boast about obeying the law. Alternate translation: "So there is no way that we can boast that God favors us because we obeyed those laws. Boasting is excluded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	3	27	v3ut	figs-rquestion	διὰ ποίου νόμου? τῶν ἔργων? οὐχί, ἀλλὰ διὰ νόμου πίστεως 	1	On what grounds? Of works? No, but on the grounds of faith 	Paul asks and answers these rhetorical questions to emphasize that each point he is making is certainly true. You can translate this by including the words that Paul implies, and by using an active form. Alternate translation: "On what grounds should we exclude boasting? Should we exclude it because of our good works? No, rather, we should exclude it because of faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	3	28	t8um	figs-abstractnouns	δικαιοῦσθαι πίστει ἄνθρωπον 	1	a person is justified by faith 	Here "faith" is an abstract noun that refers to the person believing in God. The "person" here is any person. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "God justifies any person who believes in God" or "when God justifies a person, he does so because the person believes in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@ ROM	3	30	gk5d	figs-metonymy	ὃς δικαιώσει περιτομὴν ἐκ
 ROM	3	31	if2b			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul confirms the law though faith. 
 ROM	3	31	wb6r	figs-rquestion	νόμον οὖν καταργοῦμεν διὰ τῆς πίστεως 	1	Do we then nullify the law through faith? 	Paul asks a question that one of his readers might have. Alternate translation: "Someone might say that we can ignore the law because we have faith." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	3	31	jdq1	figs-rquestion	μὴ γένοιτο 	1	May it never be 	This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may have a similar express in your language that you could use here. Alternate translation: "This is certainly not true" or "Certainly not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	3	31	y6qx		νόμον ... ἱστάνομεν	1	we uphold the law	"we obey the law"
-ROM	3	31	nzr7	figs-inclusive	καταργοῦμεν	1	we	This pronoun refers to Paul, other believers, and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
+ROM	3	31	y6qx		νόμον ἱστάνομεν 	1	we uphold the law 	"we obey the law" 
+ROM	3	31	nzr7	figs-inclusive	καταργοῦμεν	1	we uphold	This pronoun refers to Paul, other believers, and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	4	intro	f9jc			0		# Romans 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 7-8 of this chapter, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The purpose of the law of Moses<br>Paul builds upon material from chapter 3. He explains how Abraham, the father of Israel, was justified. Even Abraham could not be justified by what he did. Obeying the law of Moses does not make a person right with God. Obeying God's commands is a way a person shows they believe in God. People have always been justified only by faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Circumcision<br>Circumcision was important to the Israelites. It identified a person as a descendant of Abraham. It was also a sign of the covenant between Abraham and Yahweh. However, no person was justified only by being circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Paul uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader see their sin so they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br> 
 ROM	4	1	gw29			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul confirms that even in the past believers were made right with God by faith and not by the law. 
 ROM	4	1	gwp3	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν, εὑρηκέναι Ἀβραὰμ τὸν προπάτορα ἡμῶν κατὰ σάρκα 	1	What then will we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, found? 	Paul uses the question to catch the attention of the reader and to start talking about something new. Alternate translation: "This is what Abraham our physical ancestor found" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
@@ -274,18 +274,18 @@ ROM	4	4	et9x	figs-activepassive	ἀλλὰ κατὰ ὀφείλημα	1	but as
 ROM	4	5	ynp2		ἐπὶ τὸν δικαιοῦντα 	1	in the one who justifies 	"in God, who justifies" 
 ROM	4	5	va3e	figs-activepassive	λογίζεται ἡ πίστις αὐτοῦ εἰς δικαιοσύνην 	1	his faith is counted as righteousness 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God considers that person's faith as righteousness" or "God considers that person righteous because of his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	4	6	fhq9		καθάπερ καὶ Δαυεὶδ λέγει τὸν μακαρισμὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ᾧ ὁ Θεὸς λογίζεται δικαιοσύνην χωρὶς ἔργων 	1	David also pronounces blessing on the man to whom God counts righteousness without works 	"David also wrote about how God blesses the man whom God makes righteous without works" 
-ROM	4	7	dur6	figs-parallelism		0	whose lawless deeds are forgiven ... whose sins are covered	The same concept is stated in two different ways. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the Lord has forgiven those who have broken the law ... whose sins the Lord has covered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	4	7	dur6	figs-parallelism	ὧν ἀφέθησαν αἱ ἀνομίαι ... ὧν ἐπεκαλύφθησαν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι; 	1	whose lawless deeds are forgiven ... whose sins are covered 	The same concept is stated in two different ways. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the Lord has forgiven those who have broken the law ... whose sins the Lord has covered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	4	9	sgz7	figs-rquestion	ὁ μακαρισμὸς οὖν οὗτος ἐπὶ τὴν περιτομὴν, ἢ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν 	1	Then is this blessing pronounced only on those of the circumcision, or also on those of the uncircumcision? 	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "Does God bless only those who are circumcised, or also those who are not circumcised?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	4	9	dn7v	figs-metonymy	τὴν περιτομὴν 	1	those of the circumcision 	This is a metonym that refers to the Jewish people. Alternate translation: "the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-ROM	4	9	d5qp	figs-metonymy	τὴν ... ἀκροβυστίαν	1	those of the uncircumcision	This is a metonym that refers to the people who are not Jews. Alternate translation: "the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ROM	4	9	d5qp	figs-metonymy	τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν 	1	those of the uncircumcision 	This is a metonym that refers to the people who are not Jews. Alternate translation: "the Gentiles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	4	9	m3uh	figs-activepassive	ἐλογίσθη τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ἡ πίστις εἰς δικαιοσύνην 	1	Faith was counted to Abraham as righteousness 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God considered the faith of Abraham as righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	4	10	uy4t	figs-rquestion	πῶς οὖν ἐλογίσθη? ἐν περιτομῇ ὄντι, ἢ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ 	1	So how was it counted? When Abraham was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? 	Paul asks these questions to add emphasis to his remarks. Alternate translation: "When did God consider Abraham to be righteous? Was it before his circumcision, or after it?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	4	10	p5rp		οὐκ ἐν περιτομῇ, ἀλλ’ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ 	1	It was not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision 	"It happened before he was circumcised, not after he was circumcised" 
 ROM	4	11	s2ez	figs-explicit	σφραγῖδα τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῆς πίστεως τῆς ἐν τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ 	1	a seal of the righteousness of the faith that he had already possessed when he was in uncircumcision 	Here "righteousness of the faith" means that God considered him to be righteous. Alternate translation: "a visible sign that God considered him righteous because he had believed in God before he was circumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	4	11	i2vz		δι’ ἀκροβυστίας 	1	even if they are in uncircumcision 	"even if they are not circumcised" 
-ROM	4	11	a5b6	figs-activepassive	εἰς τὸ ... λογισθῆναι αὐτοῖς τὴν δικαιοσύνην	1	This means that righteousness will be counted for them	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "This means that God will consider them righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	4	12	u8j3		καὶ πατέρα περιτομῆς	1	Abraham became the father of the circumcision	Here "the circumcision" refers to those who are true believers in God, both Jews and Gentiles.
-ROM	4	12	s9jt	figs-idiom	τοῖς ... στοιχοῦσιν τοῖς ἴχνεσιν τῆς ... πίστεως, τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ	1	who follow in the steps of faith of our father Abraham	Here "follow in the steps of faith" is an idiom that means to follow someone's example of follow. Alternate translation: "who follow our father Abraham's example of faith" or "who have faith as our father Abraham did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ROM	4	11	a5b6	figs-activepassive	εἰς τὸ λογισθῆναι αὐτοῖς τὴν δικαιοσύνην 	1	This means that righteousness will be counted for them 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "This means that God will consider them righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
+ROM	4	12	u8j3		καὶ πατέρα περιτομῆς 	1	And he became the father of the circumcision 	Here "the circumcision" refers to those who are true believers in God, both Jews and Gentiles. 
+ROM	4	12	s9jt	figs-idiom	τοῖς στοιχοῦσιν τοῖς ἴχνεσιν τῆς ... πίστεως, τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ 	1	who follow in the steps of faith of our father Abraham 	Here "follow in the steps of faith" is an idiom that means to follow someone's example of follow. Alternate translation: "who follow our father Abraham's example of faith" or "who have faith as our father Abraham did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	4	13	x9s9	figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ διὰ δικαιοσύνης πίστεως 	1	but through the righteousness of faith 	The words "the promise came" are understood from the first phrase. You can translate this by adding these implied words. Alternate translation: "but the promise came through faith, which God considers as righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 
 ROM	4	14	cf9t	figs-metaphor	κληρονόμοι	1	heirs	The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	4	14	p51n	figs-explicit	εἰ ... οἱ ἐκ νόμου κληρονόμοι 	1	if those who live by the law are to be the heirs 	Here "live by the law" refers to obeying the law. Alternate translation: "if those who obey the law are the ones who will inherit the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
@@ -293,13 +293,13 @@ ROM	4	14	gd78		κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται
 ROM	4	15	b3h8	figs-abstractnouns	οὐδὲ παράβασις 	1	there is no trespass 	This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "trespass." Alternate translation: "no one can break the law" or "it is impossible to disobey the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 
 ROM	4	16	d4jz		διὰ τοῦτο 	1	For this reason 	"So"
 ROM	4	16	tm4j		ἐκ πίστεως 	1	it is by faith 	The word "it" refers to receiving what God had promised. Alternate translation: "it is by faith that we receive the promise" or "we receive the promise by faith" 
-ROM	4	16	mex6	figs-metaphor		0	in order that the promise may rest on grace	Here "the promise may rest on grace" represents God giving what he promised because of his grace. Alternate translation: "so that what he promised might be a free gift" or "so that his promise would be because of his grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	4	16	ns6r		τῷ ... ἐκ τοῦ νόμου	1	those who are under the law	This refers to the Jewish people, who were obligated to obey the law of Moses.
-ROM	4	16	v4z9		τῷ ... ἐκ ... πίστεως Ἀβραάμ	1	those who share the faith of Abraham	This refers to those who have faith as Abraham did before he was circumcised. Alternate translation: "those who believe as Abraham did"
+ROM	4	16	mex6	figs-metaphor	ἵνα κατὰ χάριν ... τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν 	1	in order that the promise may rest on grace 	Here "the promise may rest on grace" represents God giving what he promised because of his grace. Alternate translation: "so that what he promised might be a free gift" or "so that his promise would be because of his grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
+ROM	4	16	ns6r		τῷ ἐκ τοῦ νόμου 	1	those who are under the law 	This refers to the Jewish people, who were obligated to obey the law of Moses. 
+ROM	4	16	v4z9		τῷ ἐκ πίστεως Ἀβραάμ 	1	those who share the faith of Abraham 	This refers to those who have faith as Abraham did before he was circumcised. Alternate translation: "those who believe as Abraham did" 
 ROM	4	16	l7gg	figs-inclusive	πατὴρ πάντων ἡμῶν 	1	father of us all 	Here the word "us" refers to Paul and includes all Jewish and non-Jewish believers in Christ. Abraham is the physical ancestor of the Jewish people, but he is also the spiritual father of those who have faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	4	17	iju4	figs-explicit	καθὼς γέγραπται 	1	as it is written 	Where it is written can be made explicit. You can also translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "as someone has written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	4	17	mxm5	figs-you	τέθεικά σε 	1	I have made you 	Here the word "you" is singular and refers to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
-ROM	4	17	ph37	figs-explicit	κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν Θεοῦ, τοῦ ζῳοποιοῦντος τοὺς νεκροὺς	1	Abraham was in the presence of him whom he trusted, that is, God, who gives life to the dead	Here "of him whom he trusted" refers to God. Alternate translation: "Abraham was in the presence of God whom he trusted, who gives life to those who have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	4	17	ph37	figs-explicit	κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν Θεοῦ, τοῦ ζῳοποιοῦντος τοὺς νεκροὺς 	1	in the presence of God whom he trusted, who gives life to the dead	Here "of him whom he trusted" refers to God. Alternate translation: "Abraham was in the presence of God whom he trusted, who gives life to those who have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	4	17	uun9		καλοῦντος τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα 	1	calls the things that do not exist into existence 	"created everything from nothing" 
 ROM	4	18	g8fm	figs-explicit	ὃς παρ’ ἐλπίδα, ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ἐπίστευσεν 	1	In hope he believed against hope 	This idiom means that Abraham trusted God even though it did not seem that he could have a son. Alternate translation: "Even though it seemed impossible for him to have descendants, he believe God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	4	18	b92q	figs-activepassive	κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον 	1	according to what he had been told 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "just as God said to Abraham" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
@@ -314,40 +314,40 @@ ROM	4	23	a92n		ἐγράφη δὲ	1	Now it was	"Now" is used here to connect Ab
 ROM	4	23	r65c		δι’ αὐτὸν μόνον 	1	only for his benefit 	"for Abraham only" 
 ROM	4	23	z432	figs-activepassive	ὅτι ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ 	1	that it was counted for him 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "that God counted righteousness to him" or "God considered him righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	4	24	pfc9	figs-inclusive	δι’ ἡμᾶς 	1	for us 	The word "us" refers to Paul and includes all believers in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
-ROM	4	24	nh4k	figs-activepassive		0	It was written also for us, for whom it will be counted, we who believe	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "It was also for our benefit, because God will consider us righteous also if we believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	4	24	nh4k	figs-activepassive	καὶ δι’ ἡμᾶς, οἷς μέλλει λογίζεσθαι, τοῖς πιστεύουσιν 	1	also for us, for whom it will be counted, we who believe	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "It was also for our benefit, because God will consider us righteous also if we believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	4	24	a6c7	figs-idiom	τὸν ἐγείραντα Ἰησοῦν, τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν, ἐκ νεκρῶν 	1	him who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead 	"Raised ... from the dead" here is an idiom for "caused to live again." Alternate translation: "him who caused Jesus our Lord to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	4	25	cca1	figs-activepassive	ὃς παρεδόθη διὰ τὰ παραπτώματα ἡμῶν, καὶ ἠγέρθη διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν ἡμῶν 	1	who was delivered up for our trespasses and was raised for our justification 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "whom God gave over to enemies for our trespasses and whom God brought back to life so he could make us right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	5	intro	i1dt			0		# Romans 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Many scholars view verses 12-17 as some of the most important, but difficult, verses in Scripture to understand. Some of their richness and meaning has likely been lost while being translated from how the original Greek was constructed.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Results of justification<br>How Paul explains the results of our being justified is an important part of this chapter. These results include having peace with God, having access to God, being confident about our future, being able to rejoice when suffering, being eternally saved, and being reconciled with God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### "All sinned"<br>Scholars are divided over what Paul meant in verse 12: "And death spread to all people, because all sinned." Some believe that all of mankind was present in the "seed of Adam." So, as Adam is the father of all mankind, all of mankind was present when Adam sinned. Others believe that Adam served as a representative head for mankind. So when he sinned, all of mankind "fell" as a result. Whether people today played an active or passive role in Adam's original sin is one way these views differ. Other passages will help one decide. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/seed]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])<br><br>### The second Adam<br>Adam was the first man and the first "son" of God. He was created by God. He brought sin and death into the world by eating the forbidden fruit. Paul describes Jesus as the "second Adam" in this chapter and the true son of God. He brings life and overcame sin and death by dying on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]])<br> 
 ROM	5	1	xmp3			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul begins to tell many different things that happen when God makes believers right with him. 
 ROM	5	1	age4		δικαιωθέντες οὖν 	1	Since we are justified 	"Because we are justified" 
-ROM	5	1	s6xd	figs-inclusive		0	we ... our	All occurrences of "we" and "our" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
+ROM	5	1	s6xd	figs-inclusive	... ἡμῶν 	1	we ... our 	All occurrences of "we" and "our" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	5	1	p11y		διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 	1	through our Lord Jesus Christ 	"because of our Lord Jesus Christ" 
 ROM	5	1	me59		τοῦ Κυρίου 	1	Lord	Here "Lord" means that Jesus is God. 
 ROM	5	2	du8b		δι’ οὗ καὶ τὴν προσαγωγὴν ἐσχήκαμεν, τῇ πίστει εἰς τὴν χάριν ταύτην, ἐν ᾗ ἑστήκαμεν 	1	Through him we also have our access by faith into this grace in which we stand 	Here "by faith" refers to our trust in Jesus, which allows us to stand before God. Alternate translation: "Because we trust in Jesus, God allows us to come into his presence" 
 ROM	5	3	q5p7		οὐ μόνον δέ 	1	Not only this 	The word "this" refers to the ideas described in [Romans 5:1-2](./01.md). 
-ROM	5	3	u14f	figs-inclusive		0	we ... our ... We	These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
+ROM	5	3	u14f	figs-inclusive	καυχώμεθα ... 	1	we ... our ... We 	These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	5	4	sx5f		ἐλπίδα	1	certain hope 	This is the certainty that God will fulfill all his promises for those who trust in Christ. 
-ROM	5	5	i8pd	figs-inclusive		0	our ... us	These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
+ROM	5	5	i8pd	figs-inclusive	ἡμῶν ... ἡμῖν 	1	our ... us 	These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	5	5	pp1n	figs-personification	ἡ ... ἐλπὶς οὐ καταισχύνει 	1	that hope does not disappoint 	Paul uses personification here as he speaks of "confidence" as if it were alive. Alternate translation: "we are very confident that we will receive the things that we wait for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	5	5	qka8	figs-metonymy	ὅτι ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐκκέχυται ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν 	1	because the love of God has been poured into our hearts 	Here "hearts" represents a person's thoughts, feelings, or inner person. The phrase "the love of God has been poured into our hearts" is a metaphor for God showing love to his people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "because he has loved us greatly" or "because God has shown us how much he loves us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	5	6	x5eg	figs-inclusive	ἡμῶν	1	we	The word "we" here refers to all believers and so should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	5	7	xv5w		μόλις γὰρ ὑπὲρ δικαίου τις ἀποθανεῖται 	1	For one will hardly die for a righteous man 	"It is hard to find someone who is willing to die, even for a righteous man" 
-ROM	5	7	nnj9			0	That is, perhaps someone would dare to die for a good person	"But you might find someone who is willing to die for such a good person"
+ROM	5	7	nnj9		ὑπὲρ γὰρ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ, τάχα τις καὶ τολμᾷ ἀποθανεῖν 	1	That is, perhaps someone would dare to die for a good person 	"But you might find someone who is willing to die for such a good person" 
 ROM	5	8	xew8		συνίστησιν	1	proves	You can translate this verb in past tense using "demonstrated" or "showed." 
-ROM	5	8	bw77	figs-inclusive	ἡμῶν	1	us ... we	All occurrences of "us" and "we" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
+ROM	5	8	bw77	figs-inclusive	ἡμῶν ... ἡμῶν 	1	us ... we 	All occurrences of "us" and "we" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	5	9	l35j	figs-explicit	πολλῷ οὖν μᾶλλον δικαιωθέντες νῦν ἐν τῷ αἵματι αὐτοῦ 	1	Much more, then, now that we are justified by his blood 	Here "justified" means that God puts us in a right relationship with himself. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "How much more will God do for us now that he has made us right with himself because of the death of Jesus on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	5	9	nvs3	figs-metonymy	τῷ αἵματι 	1	blood	This is a metonym for the sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-ROM	5	9	sh8f		σωθησόμεθα	1	saved	This means that through Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross, God has forgiven us and rescued us from being punished in hell for our sin.
-ROM	5	9	bev3	figs-metonymy	τῆς ὀργῆς	1	the wrath of God	Here "wrath" is a metonym that refers to God's punishment of those who have sinned against him. Alternate translation: "God's punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ROM	5	9	sh8f		σωθησόμεθα	1	we will be saved	This means that through Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross, God has forgiven us and rescued us from being punished in hell for our sin. 
+ROM	5	9	bev3	figs-metonymy	τῆς ὀργῆς 	1	his wrath	Here "wrath" is a metonym that refers to God's punishment of those who have sinned against him. Alternate translation: "God's punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	5	10	v8a1	figs-inclusive	ὄντες	1	we were 	All occurrences of "we" refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
-ROM	5	10	u6bn			0	his Son ... his life	"God's Son ... the life of God's Son"
+ROM	5	10	u6bn		Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον καταλλαγέντες, σωθησόμεθα ἐν τῇ ζωῇ αὐτοῦ 	1	his Son ... his life 	"God's Son ... the life of God's Son" 
 ROM	5	10	rnc5	figs-activepassive	κατηλλάγημεν τῷ Θεῷ διὰ τοῦ θανάτου τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 	1	we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son 	The death of the Son of the God has provided eternal forgiveness and made us friends with God, for all who believe in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God allowed us to have a peaceful relationship with him because his son died for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	5	10	cu3c	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ ... Υἱοῦ	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+ROM	5	10	cu3c	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Υἱοῦ 	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) 
 ROM	5	10	qe6y	figs-activepassive	καταλλαγέντες	1	after having been reconciled 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "now that God has made us his friends again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	5	12	hjx4			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul explains why death happened even before God gave the law to Moses. 
-ROM	5	12	wf9f	figs-personification		0	through one man sin entered ... death entered through sin	Paul describes sin as a dangerous thing that came into the world through the actions of "one man," Adam. This sin then became an opening through which death, pictured here as another dangerous thing, also came into the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+ROM	5	12	wf9f	figs-personification	δι’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος 	1	through one man sin entered ... death entered through sin 	Paul describes sin as a dangerous thing that came into the world through the actions of "one man," Adam. This sin then became an opening through which death, pictured here as another dangerous thing, also came into the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	5	13	eqa2	figs-explicit	ἄχρι γὰρ νόμου, ἁμαρτία ἦν ἐν κόσμῳ 	1	For until the law, sin was in the world 	This means that the people sinned before God gave the law. Alternate translation: "People in the world sinned before God gave his law to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	5	13	juq7	figs-explicit	ἁμαρτία ... δὲ οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται, μὴ ὄντος νόμου	1	but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law	This means that God did not charge the people with sinning before he gave the law. Alternate translation: "but God recorded no sin against the law before he gave the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	5	13	juq7	figs-explicit	ἁμαρτία δὲ οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται, μὴ ὄντος νόμου 	1	but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law 	This means that God did not charge the people with sinning before he gave the law. Alternate translation: "but God recorded no sin against the law before he gave the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	5	14	ev8a		ἀλλὰ ... ὁ θάνατος 	1	Nevertheless, death 	"Even though what I have just said is true, death" or "There was no written law from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, but death" ([Romans 5:13](../05/13.md)). 
 ROM	5	14	bd3q	figs-personification	ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ θάνατος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ μέχρι Μωϋσέως 	1	death ruled from Adam until Moses 	Paul is speaking of death as if it were a king who ruled. Alternate translation: "people continued to die from the time of Adam until the time of Moses as a consequence of their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	5	14	t481		καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς μὴ ἁμαρτήσαντας ἐπὶ τῷ ὁμοιώματι τῆς παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ 	1	even over those who did not sin like Adam's disobedience 	"even people whose sins were different from Adam's continue to die" 
@@ -355,18 +355,18 @@ ROM	5	14	hdj4		ὅς ἐστιν τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος	1	who is
 ROM	5	15	kln1	figs-explicit	εἰ γὰρ τῷ τοῦ ἑνὸς παραπτώματι, οἱ πολλοὶ ἀπέθανον 	1	For if by the trespass of one the many died 	Here "one" refers to Adam. Alternate translation: "For if by one man's sin, many died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	5	15	p83v	figs-explicit	πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ ἡ δωρεὰ ἐν χάριτι, τῇ τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, εἰς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐπερίσσευσεν 	1	how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound for the many 	Here "grace" refers to God's free gift that he made available to everyone through Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: "even more through the man Jesus Christ, who died for us all, did God kindly offer us this gift of everlasting life, although we do not deserve it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	5	16	pe38	figs-explicit	καὶ οὐχ ὡς δι’ ἑνὸς ἁμαρτήσαντος, τὸ δώρημα 	1	For the gift is not like the outcome of that one man's sin 	Here "the gift" refers to God's freely erasing the record of our sins. Alternate translation: "The gift is not like the result of Adam's sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	5	16	ci72	figs-explicit		0	The judgment followed one trespass and brought condemnation, but the gift ... justification	Here Paul gives two reasons why "the gift is not like the result of Adam's sin." The "judgment of condemnation" implies that we all deserve God's punishment for our sins. Alternate translation: "Because on the one hand, God declared that all people deserve to be punished because of the sin of one man, but on the other hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	5	16	ci72	figs-explicit	τὸ ... γὰρ κρίμα ἐξ ἑνὸς, εἰς κατάκριμα, τὸ δὲ χάρισμα ἐκ πολλῶν παραπτωμάτων, εἰς δικαίωμα 	1	The judgment followed one trespass and brought condemnation, but the gift ... justification 	Here Paul gives two reasons why "the gift is not like the result of Adam's sin." The "judgment of condemnation" implies that we all deserve God's punishment for our sins. Alternate translation: "Because on the one hand, God declared that all people deserve to be punished because of the sin of one man, but on the other hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	5	16	m63g	figs-explicit	τὸ ... χάρισμα ἐκ πολλῶν παραπτωμάτων, εἰς δικαίωμα 	1	the gift followed many trespasses and brought justification 	This refers to how God makes us right with him even when we do not deserve it. Alternate translation: "God's kind gift to put us right with himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	5	16	uh4x		ἐκ πολλῶν παραπτωμάτων 	1	followed many trespasses 	"after the sins of many" 
 ROM	5	17	f94r		τοῦ ἑνὸς παραπτώματι 	1	trespass of the one 	This refers to the sin of Adam. 
 ROM	5	17	kz6z	figs-personification	ὁ θάνατος ἐβασίλευσεν 	1	death ruled 	Here Paul speaks of "death" as a king who ruled. The "rule" of death causes everyone to die. Alternate translation: "everyone died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	5	18	wr2r		ὡς δι’ ἑνὸς παραπτώματος 	1	by one trespass 	"through the one sin committed by Adam" or "because of Adam's sin" 
 ROM	5	18	ta2j	figs-explicit	εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους εἰς κατάκριμα 	1	condemnation came to all people 	Here "condemnation" refers to God's punishment. Alternate translation: "all people deserve God's punishment for sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	5	18	wgh4		δι’ ἑνὸς ... δικαιώματος	1	one act	the sacrifice of Jesus Christ
+ROM	5	18	wgh4		δι’ ἑνὸς δικαιώματος 	1	one act of righteousness	the sacrifice of Jesus Christ 
 ROM	5	18	ifk1	figs-explicit	εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ... δικαίωσιν ζωῆς 	1	justification and life for all people 	Here "justification" refers to God's ability to make people right with him. Alternate translation: "God's offer to make all people right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	5	19	j5yh		παρακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου	1	one man's disobedience	the disobedience of Adam
+ROM	5	19	j5yh		τῆς παρακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου 	1	one man's disobedience 	the disobedience of Adam 
 ROM	5	19	q8lj	figs-activepassive	ἁμαρτωλοὶ κατεστάθησαν οἱ πολλοί 	1	the many were made sinners 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "many people sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	5	19	aa3e		τῆς ... ὑπακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς	1	the obedience of the one	the obedience of Jesus
+ROM	5	19	aa3e		τῆς ὑπακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς 	1	the obedience of the one 	the obedience of Jesus 
 ROM	5	19	w571	figs-activepassive	δίκαιοι κατασταθήσονται οἱ πολλοί 	1	will the many be made righteous 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will make many people right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	5	20	w958	figs-personification	νόμος ... παρεισῆλθεν 	1	the law came in 	Here Paul speaks of the law as if it were a person. Alternate translation: "God gave his law to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	5	20	c59u		ἐπλεόνασεν ἡ ἁμαρτία 	1	sin abounded 	"sin increased" 
@@ -380,23 +380,23 @@ ROM	6	1	x13n			0	Connecting Statement:	Under grace, Paul tells those who believe
 ROM	6	1	pvg3	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν? ἐπιμένωμεν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, ἵνα ἡ χάρις πλεονάσῃ 	1	What then will we say? Should we continue in sin so that grace may abound? 	Paul asks these rhetorical questions to get the attention of his readers. Alternate translation: "So, what should we say about all of this? We certainly should not keep on sinning so that God will give us more and more grace! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	6	1	fj9e	figs-inclusive	ἐροῦμεν	1	we say 	The pronoun "we" refers to Paul, his readers, and other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	6	2	be39	figs-metaphor	οἵτινες ἀπεθάνομεν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, πῶς ἔτι ζήσομεν ἐν αὐτῇ 	1	We who died to sin, how can we still live in it? 	Here "died to sin" means that those who follow Jesus are now like dead people who cannot be affected by sin. Paul uses this rhetorical question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "We are now like dead people on whom sin has no effect! So we certainly should not keep on sinning!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	6	3	x4xs	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not know that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death?	Paul uses this question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "Remember, when someone baptized us to show that we have a relationship with Christ, this also shows that we died with Christ on the cross! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+ROM	6	3	x4xs	figs-rquestion	ἢ ἀγνοεῖτε, ὅτι ὅσοι ἐβαπτίσθημεν εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν, εἰς τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ ἐβαπτίσθημεν? 	1	Do you not know that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? 	Paul uses this question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "Remember, when someone baptized us to show that we have a relationship with Christ, this also shows that we died with Christ on the cross! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	6	4	f4va	figs-metaphor	συνετάφημεν οὖν αὐτῷ διὰ τοῦ βαπτίσματος εἰς τὸν θάνατον 	1	We were buried, then, with him through baptism into death 	Here Paul speaks of a believer's baptism in water as if it were a death and burial. Alternate translation: "When someone baptized us, it is just like that person buried us with Christ in the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	6	4	t47r	figs-simile	ὥσπερ ἠγέρθη Χριστὸς ἐκ νεκρῶν διὰ τῆς δόξης τοῦ Πατρός, οὕτως καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐν καινότητι ζωῆς περιπατήσωμεν 	1	just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, so also we might walk in newness of life 	To raise from the dead is an idiom for causing a person to live again. This compares a believer's new spiritual life to Jesus coming back to life physically. The believer's new spiritual life enables that person to obey God. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "just as the Father brought Jesus back to life after he died, we might have new spiritual life and obey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	6	4	ps5d		ἐκ νεκρῶν 	1	from the dead 	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be raised from among them speaks of becoming alive again. 
-ROM	6	5	wnd4	figs-metaphor		0	become united with him in the likeness of his death ... be united with his resurrection	Paul compares our union with Christ to death. Those who are joined with Christ in death will share in his resurrection. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "died with him ... come back to life with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	6	5	wnd4	figs-metaphor	σύμφυτοι γεγόναμεν τῷ ὁμοιώματι τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐσόμεθα 	1	we have become united with him in the likeness of his death ... be united with his resurrection 	Paul compares our union with Christ to death. Those who are joined with Christ in death will share in his resurrection. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "died with him ... come back to life with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	6	6	f13e	figs-metaphor	ὁ παλαιὸς ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη 	1	our old man was crucified with him 	The "old man" is a metaphor that refers to the person before he believes in Jesus. Paul describes our old sinful person as dying on the cross with Jesus when we believe in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "our sinful person died on the cross with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	6	6	m7c2		ὁ παλαιὸς ... ἄνθρωπος 	1	old man 	This means the person who once was, but who does not exist now. 
 ROM	6	6	l6pd	figs-metonymy	τὸ σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας 	1	the body of sin 	This is a metonym that refers to the whole sinful person. Alternate translation: "our sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	6	6	syc4	figs-activepassive	καταργηθῇ	1	might be destroyed 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "might die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	6	6	ft8v	figs-activepassive	μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμᾶς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ 	1	we should no longer be enslaved to sin 	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "sin should no longer enslave us" or "we should no longer be slaves to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	6	6	hq35	figs-metaphor	μηκέτι δουλεύειν ἡμᾶς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ 	1	we should no longer be enslaved to sin 	Slavery to sin is a metaphor meaning having such a strong desire to sin that one is unable to stop himself from sinning. It is as if sin controls the person. Alternate translation: "we should no longer be controlled by sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
-ROM	6	7	g3pf	figs-explicit		0	He who has died is declared righteous with respect to sin	Here "righteous" refers to God's ability to make people right with him. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "When God declares a person right with him, that person is no longer controlled by sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	6	7	g3pf	figs-explicit	ὁ γὰρ ἀποθανὼν, δεδικαίωται ἀπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας. 	1	He who has died is declared righteous with respect to sin 	Here "righteous" refers to God's ability to make people right with him. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "When God declares a person right with him, that person is no longer controlled by sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	6	8	muv7	figs-explicit	ἀπεθάνομεν σὺν Χριστῷ 	1	we have died with Christ 	Here "died" refers to the fact that believers are no longer controlled by sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	6	9	zkq2	figs-activepassive	εἰδότες ὅτι Χριστὸς ἐγερθεὶς ἐκ νεκρῶν 	1	We know that since Christ has been raised from the dead 	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "We know since God brought Christ back to life after he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	6	9	kl3e		ἐκ νεκρῶν 	1	from the dead 	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be raised from among them is to become alive again. 
 ROM	6	9	wem1	figs-personification	θάνατος αὐτοῦ οὐκέτι κυριεύει 	1	death no longer has authority over him 	Here "death" is described as a king or ruler that has power over people. Alternate translation: "He can never die again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
-ROM	6	10	s2xy	figs-idiom		0	For in regard to the death that he died to sin, he died once for all	The phrase "once for all" means to finish something completely. You can make this full meaning explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "For when he died he broke the power of sin completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	6	10	s2xy	figs-idiom	ὃ γὰρ ἀπέθανεν, τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀπέθανεν ἐφάπαξ 	1	For in regard to the death that he died to sin, he died once for all 	The phrase "once for all" means to finish something completely. You can make this full meaning explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "For when he died he broke the power of sin completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	6	11	cac8		οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς, λογίζεσθε 	1	In the same way, you also must consider 	"For this reason consider" 
 ROM	6	11	jja7		λογίζεσθε ἑαυτοὺς 	1	consider yourselves 	"think of yourselves as" or "see yourselves as" 
 ROM	6	11	dw6l	figs-metaphor	νεκροὺς μὲν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ 	1	dead to sin 	Just as one cannot force a corpse to do anything, sin has no power to force believers to dishonor God. Alternate translation: "as if you were dead to the power of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
@@ -408,26 +408,26 @@ ROM	6	12	cm8d	figs-synecdoche	ἐν τῷ θνητῷ ὑμῶν σώματι	1
 ROM	6	12	r462	figs-personification	εἰς τὸ ὑπακούειν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις αὐτοῦ 	1	in order that you may obey its lusts 	Paul speaks of a person having evil desires as if it sin were a master that had evil desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	6	13	rh3z	figs-synecdoche	μηδὲ παριστάνετε τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν, ὅπλα ἀδικίας τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ 	1	Do not present the parts of your body to sin, to be tools used for unrighteousness 	The picture is of the sinner offering the "parts of his body" to his master or king. One's "body parts" are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "Do not offer yourselves to sin so that you do what is not right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
 ROM	6	13	r4wz	figs-explicit	ἀλλὰ παραστήσατε ἑαυτοὺς τῷ Θεῷ, ὡσεὶ ἐκ νεκρῶν ζῶντας 	1	But present yourselves to God, as those who have been brought from death to life 	Here "now living" refers to the believer's new spiritual life. Alternate translation: "But offer yourselves to God, because he has given you new spiritual life" or "But offer yourselves to God, as those who had died and are now alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	6	13	pgw5	figs-synecdoche	καὶ τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν, ὅπλα δικαιοσύνης τῷ Θεῷ	1	present the parts of your body to God as tools to be used for righteousness	Here "parts of your body" is a synecdoche that refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "let God use you for what is pleasing to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-ROM	6	14	gez3	figs-personification	ἁμαρτία γὰρ ὑμῶν οὐ κυριεύσει	1	Do not allow sin to rule over you	Paul speaks of "sin" here as if it were a king who rules over people. Alternate translation: "Do not let sinful desires control what you do" or "Do not allow yourselves to do the sinful things you want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-ROM	6	14	iev9	figs-explicit	οὐ ... γάρ ἐστε ὑπὸ νόμον	1	For you are not under law	To be "under law" means to be subject to its limitations and weaknesses. You can make the full meaning explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "For you are no longer bound to the law of Moses, which could not give you the power to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	6	13	pgw5	figs-synecdoche	καὶ τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν, ὅπλα δικαιοσύνης τῷ Θεῷ 	1	 the parts of your body to God as tools to be used for righteousness 	Here "parts of your body" is a synecdoche that refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "let God use you for what is pleasing to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
+ROM	6	14	gez3	figs-personification	ἁμαρτία ... ὑμῶν οὐ κυριεύσει, 	1	Do not allow sin to rule over you 	Paul speaks of "sin" here as if it were a king who rules over people. Alternate translation: "Do not let sinful desires control what you do" or "Do not allow yourselves to do the sinful things you want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
+ROM	6	14	iev9	figs-explicit	οὐ γάρ ἐστε ὑπὸ νόμον 	1	For you are not under law 	To be "under law" means to be subject to its limitations and weaknesses. You can make the full meaning explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "For you are no longer bound to the law of Moses, which could not give you the power to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	6	14	fl3e	figs-explicit	ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ χάριν 	1	but under grace 	To be "under grace" means that God's free gift provides the power to keep from sinning. You can make the full meaning explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "but you are bound to God's grace, which does give you the power to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	6	15	zxb8	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν? ἁμαρτήσωμεν ὅτι οὐκ ἐσμὲν ὑπὸ νόμον, ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ χάριν? μὴ γένοιτο 	1	What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law, but under grace? May it never be 	Paul is using a question to emphasize that living under grace is not a reason to sin. Alternate translation: "However, just because we are bound to grace instead of the law of Moses certainly does not mean we are allowed to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	6	15	c77g		μὴ γένοιτο 	1	May it never be 	"We would never want that to happen!" or "May God help me not to do that!" This expression shows an extremely strong desire that this does not take place. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated it in [Romans 3:31](../03/31.md). 
-ROM	6	16	jl1w	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not know that the one to whom you present yourselves as slaves is the one to which you are obedient, the one you must obey?	Paul uses a question to scold anyone who may think God's grace is a reason to keep sinning. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You should know that you are slaves to the master you choose to obey!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-ROM	6	16	q2i4	figs-personification		0	whether you are slaves to sin ... or slaves to obedience	Here, Paul speaks of "sin" and "obedience" as if they were masters that a slave would obey. Alternate translation: "whether you are like slaves to sin ... or like slaves to obedience" or "You are either a slave to sin ... or you are a slave to obedience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-ROM	6	16	w9wf			0	which leads to death ... which leads to righteousness	"which results in death ... which results in righteousness"
+ROM	6	16	jl1w	figs-rquestion	οὐκ οἴδατε, ὅτι ᾧ παριστάνετε ἑαυτοὺς δούλους εἰς ὑπακοήν, δοῦλοί ἐστε ᾧ ὑπακούετε 	1	Do you not know that the one to whom you present yourselves as slaves is the one to which you are obedient, the one you must obey? 	Paul uses a question to scold anyone who may think God's grace is a reason to keep sinning. You can translate this as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You should know that you are slaves to the master you choose to obey!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
+ROM	6	16	q2i4	figs-personification	ἤτοι ἁμαρτίας ... ἢ ὑπακοῆς 	1	whether you are slaves to sin ... or slaves to obedience 	Here, Paul speaks of "sin" and "obedience" as if they were masters that a slave would obey. Alternate translation: "whether you are like slaves to sin ... or like slaves to obedience" or "You are either a slave to sin ... or you are a slave to obedience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
+ROM	6	16	w9wf		εἰς θάνατον ... εἰς δικαιοσύνην 	1	which leads to death ... which leads to righteousness 	"which results in death ... which results in righteousness" 
 ROM	6	17	dz5x		χάρις δὲ τῷ Θεῷ 	1	But thanks be to God! 	"But I thank God!" 
 ROM	6	17	yxt7	figs-metaphor	ὅτι ἦτε δοῦλοι τῆς ἁμαρτίας 	1	For you were slaves of sin 	Slavery of sin is a metaphor meaning having such a strong desire to sin that one is unable to stop himself from sinning. It is as if sin controls the person. Alternate translation: "you were like slaves of sin" or "you were controlled by sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	6	17	my2z	figs-metonymy	ὑπηκούσατε δὲ ἐκ καρδίας 	1	but you have obeyed from the heart 	Here the word "heart" refers to having sincere or honest motives for doing something. Alternate translation: "but you truly obeyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-ROM	6	17	pz14	figs-activepassive	καρδίας, εἰς ὃν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς	1	the pattern of teaching that you were given	Here "pattern" refers to the way of living that leads to righteousness. The believers change their old way of living to match this new way of living that Christian leaders teach to them. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the teaching that Christian leaders gave you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	6	17	pz14	figs-activepassive	εἰς ὃν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς 	1	the pattern of teaching that you were given 	Here "pattern" refers to the way of living that leads to righteousness. The believers change their old way of living to match this new way of living that Christian leaders teach to them. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the teaching that Christian leaders gave you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	6	18	y2zg	figs-activepassive	ἐλευθερωθέντες δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας 	1	You have been made free from sin 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Christ has freed you from sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	6	18	idu4		ἐλευθερωθέντες δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας 	1	You have been made free from sin 	Here "free from sin" is a metaphor for no longer having a strong desire to sin and being able to stop oneself from sinning. Alternate translation: "Your strong desire to sin has been taken away" or "you have been made free from sin's control over you" 
 ROM	6	18	g42l	figs-metaphor	ἐδουλώθητε τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ 	1	you have been made slaves of righteousness 	Slavery of righteousness is a metaphor meaning having a strong desire to do what is right. It is as if righteousness controls the person. Alternate translation: "you have been made like slaves of righteousness" or "you are now controlled by righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	6	18	fx5r		ἐδουλώθητε τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ 	1	you have been made slaves of righteousness 	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Christ has made you slaves of righteousness" or "Christ has changed you so that now you are controlled by righteousness" 
 ROM	6	19	l4cl		ἀνθρώπινον λέγω 	1	I speak like a man 	Paul may have expected his readers to wonder why he was speaking of slavery and freedom. Here he is saying that he is using these ideas from their everyday experience to help them understand that people are controlled either by sin or by righteousness. Alternate translation: "I am speaking about this in human terms" or "I am using examples from everyday life" 
 ROM	6	19	l4ah	figs-metonymy	διὰ τὴν ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν 	1	because of the weakness of your flesh 	Often Paul uses the word "flesh" as the opposite of "spirit." Alternate translation: "because you do not fully understand spiritual things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-ROM	6	19	ran5	figs-synecdoche		0	presented the parts of your body as slaves to uncleanness and to evil	Here, "body parts" refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "offered yourselves as slaves to everything that is evil and not pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+ROM	6	19	ran5	figs-synecdoche	παρεστήσατε τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν δοῦλα τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ, καὶ τῇ ἀνομίᾳ 	1	presented the parts of your body as slaves to uncleanness and to evil 	Here, "body parts" refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "offered yourselves as slaves to everything that is evil and not pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
 ROM	6	19	wzt1	figs-synecdoche	παραστήσατε τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν, δοῦλα τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ εἰς ἁγιασμόν 	1	present the parts of your body as slaves to righteousness for sanctification 	Here "body parts" refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "offer yourselves as slaves to what is right before God so that he might set you apart and give you the power to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
 ROM	6	20	i1ze	figs-metaphor	ἐλεύθεροι ἦτε τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ 	1	you were free from righteousness 	Here "free from righteousness" is a metaphor for not having to do what is righteous. The people were living as though they thought that they did not have to do what was right. Alternate translation: "it was as though you were free from righteousness" or "you behaved as though you did not have to do what was right" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 
 ROM	6	21	kjl5	figs-rquestion	τίνα οὖν καρπὸν εἴχετε τότε, ἐφ’ οἷς νῦν ἐπαισχύνεσθε 	1	At that time, what fruit then did you have of the things of which you are now ashamed? 	"Fruit" here is a metaphor for "result" or "outcome." Paul is using a question to emphasize that sinning results in nothing good. Alternate translation: "Nothing good came from those things that now cause you shame" or "You gained nothing by doing those things that now cause you shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ ROM	6	23	ze3f		τὰ γὰρ ὀψώνια τῆς ἁμαρτίας θάνατ
 ROM	6	23	pf3s		τὸ δὲ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ζωὴ αἰώνιος ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν 	1	but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord 	"but God gives eternal life to those who belong to Christ Jesus our Lord" 
 ROM	7	intro	fl1y			0		# Romans 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### "Or do you not know"<br>Paul uses this phrase to discuss a new topic, while connecting what follows with the previous teaching.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### "We have been released from the law"<br>Paul explains that the law of Moses is no longer in effect. While this is true, the timeless principles behind the law reflect the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Marriage<br>Scripture commonly uses marriage as a metaphor. Here Paul uses it to describe how the church relates to the law of Moses and now to Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br>This is a complex issue. "Flesh" is possibly a metaphor for our sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive ("in the flesh"), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br> 
 ROM	7	1	nj1k			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul explains how the law controls those who want to live under the law. 
-ROM	7	1	mk7w	figs-rquestion		0	do you not know, brothers ... that the law controls a person for as long as he lives?	Paul asks this question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "So you certainly know that people have to obey laws only while they are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+ROM	7	1	mk7w	figs-rquestion	ἢ ἀγνοεῖτε, ἀδελφοί γινώσκουσιν( γὰρ νόμον λαλῶ), ὅτι ὁ νόμος κυριεύει τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ 	1	do you not know, brothers ... that the law controls a person for as long as he lives? 	Paul asks this question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "So you certainly know that people have to obey laws only while they are alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	7	1	r9fl		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. 
 ROM	7	2	as1h			0	Connecting Statement: 	This verse begins a description of what Paul means by "the law controls a person for as long as he lives" ([Romans 7:1](./01.md)). 
 ROM	7	2	l6d9	figs-metaphor	ἡ ... ὕπανδρος γυνὴ τῷ ... ἀνδρὶ δέδεται νόμῳ 	1	the married woman is bound by law to the husband 	Here "bound by law to the husband" is a metaphor for a woman being united to her husband according to the law of marriage. Alternate translation: "according to the law, the married woman is united to the husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
@@ -451,25 +451,25 @@ ROM	7	3	wg4k		ἐλευθέρα ἐστὶν ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου	1	she i
 ROM	7	4	ne64		ὥστε, ἀδελφοί μου 	1	Therefore, my brothers 	This relates back to [Romans 7:1](../07/01.md). 
 ROM	7	4	u5nu		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. 
 ROM	7	4	z8zj	figs-activepassive	καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐθανατώθητε τῷ νόμῳ διὰ τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 	1	you were also made dead to the law through the body of Christ 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "you also died to the law when through Christ you died on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	7	4	t9nt	figs-idiom	τῷ ... ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγερθέντι	1	to him who was raised from the dead	"Raised" here is an idiom for "caused to live again." This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "to him who was caused to live again" or "to him whom God raised from the dead" or "to him whom God caused to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ROM	7	4	t9nt	figs-idiom	τῷ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγερθέντι 	1	to him who was raised from the dead 	"Raised" here is an idiom for "caused to live again." This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "to him who was caused to live again" or "to him whom God raised from the dead" or "to him whom God caused to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	7	4	c4rl	figs-metaphor	καρποφορήσωμεν τῷ Θεῷ 	1	we might produce fruit for God 	Here "fruit" is a metaphor for actions that please God. Alternate translation: "we might be able to do things pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	7	5	xed9	figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ καρποφορῆσαι τῷ θανάτῳ 	1	to bear fruit for death 	Here "fruit" is a metaphor for a "result of one's actions" or "outcome of one's actions." Alternate translation: "which resulted in spiritual-death" or "the outcome of which was our own spiritual death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	7	6	mze7			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul reminds us that God does not make us holy by the law. 
 ROM	7	6	l8w4	figs-activepassive	κατηργήθημεν ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου 	1	we have been released from the law 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God has released us from the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	7	6	j6i3	figs-inclusive	κατηργήθημεν	1	we	This pronoun refers to Paul and the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
+ROM	7	6	j6i3	figs-inclusive	κατηργήθημεν	1	we have been released	This pronoun refers to Paul and the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	7	6	l2l3	figs-activepassive	ἐν ᾧ κατειχόμεθα 	1	to that by which we were held 	This refers to the law. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "to the law which held us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	7	6	rm8r	figs-explicit	γράμματος	1	the letter 	This refers to the law of Moses. Alternate translation: "the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	7	7	k1jj	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν 	1	What will we say then? 	Paul is introducing a new topic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	7	7	erx6		μὴ γένοιτο 	1	May it never be 	"Of course that is not true!" This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). 
 ROM	7	7	zl8m	figs-personification	τὴν ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἔγνων, εἰ μὴ διὰ νόμου 	1	I would never have known sin, if it were not through the law 	Paul is speaking of sin as if it were a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	7	7	n43p		ἁμαρτία	1	sin	"my desire to sin" 
-ROM	7	8	mz77	figs-personification		0	But sin took the opportunity ... brought about every lust	Paul continues comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+ROM	7	8	mz77	figs-personification	ἀφορμὴν δὲ λαβοῦσα ἡ ἁμαρτία διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς, κατειργάσατο ἐν ἐμοὶ πᾶσαν ἐπιθυμίαν; 	1	But sin took the opportunity ... brought about every lust 	Paul continues comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	7	8	nj21		ἐπιθυμίαν	1	lust	This word includes both the desire to have what belongs to other people and wrong sexual desire. 
 ROM	7	8	r5i2		χωρὶς ... νόμου, ἁμαρτία νεκρά 	1	without the law, sin is dead 	"if there were no law, there would be no breaking of the law, so there would be no sin" 
 ROM	7	9	q9le	figs-personification	ἡ ἁμαρτία ἀνέζησεν 	1	sin regained life 	This can mean 1) "I realized that I was sinning" or 2) "I strongly desired to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
-ROM	7	10	yu1u	figs-metaphor		0	The commandment that was to bring life turned out to be death for me	Paul speaks of God's condemnation as if it resulted primarily in physical death. Alternate translation: "God gave me the commandment so I would live, but it killed me instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	7	10	yu1u	figs-metaphor	εὑρέθη μοι ἡ ἐντολὴ, ἡ εἰς ζωὴν, αὕτη εἰς θάνατον. 	1	The commandment that was to bring life turned out to be death for me 	Paul speaks of God's condemnation as if it resulted primarily in physical death. Alternate translation: "God gave me the commandment so I would live, but it killed me instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	7	11	r582	figs-personification	ἡ γὰρ ἁμαρτία ἀφορμὴν λαβοῦσα διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς, ἐξηπάτησέν με καὶ δι’ αὐτῆς ἀπέκτεινεν 	1	For sin took the opportunity through the commandment and deceived me. Through the commandment it killed me 	As in [Romans 7:7-8](./07.md), Paul is describing sin as a person who can do 3 things: take the opportunity, deceive, and kill. Alternate translation: "Because I wanted to sin, I deceived myself into thinking that I could sin and obey the commandment at the same time, but God punished me for disobeying the commandment by separating me from him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
-ROM	7	11	qi99		ἡ γὰρ ἁμαρτία	1	sin	"my desire to sin"
+ROM	7	11	qi99		ἡ ... ἁμαρτία 	1	sin	"my desire to sin" 
 ROM	7	11	cw46	figs-personification	ἀφορμὴν λαβοῦσα διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς 	1	took the opportunity through the commandment 	Paul is comparing sin to a person who can act. See how you translated this in [Romans 7:8](../07/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	7	11	f6sx	figs-metaphor	ἀπέκτεινεν	1	it killed me 	Paul speaks of God's condemnation on sinners as if it resulted primarily in physical death. Alternate translation: "it separated me from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	7	12	t9uk		ἅγιος	1	holy	Morally perfect, without sin 
@@ -479,15 +479,15 @@ ROM	7	13	e1bx	figs-rquestion	τὸ ... ἀγαθὸν ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο
 ROM	7	13	g451		τὸ ... ἀγαθὸν 	1	what is good 	This refers to God's law. 
 ROM	7	13	qwe9		ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο θάνατος 	1	become death to me 	"cause me to die" 
 ROM	7	13	hgm6	figs-rquestion	μὴ γένοιτο 	1	May it never be 	This expression gives the strongest possible negative answer to the preceding rhetorical question. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. Alternate translation: "Of course that is not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	7	13	m4l5	figs-personification		0	sin ... brought about death in me	Paul is viewing sin as though it were a person who could act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+ROM	7	13	m4l5	figs-personification	ἡ ἁμαρτία ... μοι κατεργαζομένη θάνατον; 	1	sin ... brought about death in me 	Paul is viewing sin as though it were a person who could act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	7	13	pnq6		μοι κατεργαζομένη θάνατον 	1	brought about death in me 	"separated me from God" 
-ROM	7	13	a6zb		διὰ ... τῆς ἐντολῆς	1	through the commandment	"because I disobeyed the commandment"
+ROM	7	13	a6zb		διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς 	1	through the commandment 	"because I disobeyed the commandment" 
 ROM	7	15	udc8			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul talks about the struggle inside his inner man between his flesh and the law of God—between sin and good. 
 ROM	7	15	u3av		ὃ γὰρ κατεργάζομαι, οὐ γινώσκω 	1	For what I do, I do not really understand 	"I am not sure why I do some of the things that I do" 
 ROM	7	15	hv9g		ὃ γὰρ κατεργάζομαι 	1	For what I do 	"because what I do" 
-ROM	7	15	az2z	figs-hyperbole		0	what I want to do, I do not do	The words "I do not do" are an exaggeration to emphasize that Paul does not do what he wants to do as often as he would like or that he does what he does not want to do too often. Alternate translation: "I do not always do what I want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-ROM	7	15	zv5l	figs-hyperbole		0	what I hate, I do	The words "I do," which implies that he always does what he hates to do, are an exaggeration to emphasize that Paul does what he does not want to do too often. Alternate translation: "the things that I know are not good are the things that I sometimes do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-ROM	7	16	y26s		εἰ δὲ ... τοῦτο ποιῶ	1	But if I do	"However, if I do"
+ROM	7	15	az2z	figs-hyperbole	οὐ ... ὃ θέλω, τοῦτο πράσσω, 	1	what I want to do, this I do not do 	The words "I do not do" are an exaggeration to emphasize that Paul does not do what he wants to do as often as he would like or that he does what he does not want to do too often. Alternate translation: "I do not always do what I want to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 
+ROM	7	15	zv5l	figs-hyperbole	ὃ μισῶ, τοῦτο ποιῶ. 	1	what I hate, this I do 	The words "I do," which implies that he always does what he hates to do, are an exaggeration to emphasize that Paul does what he does not want to do too often. Alternate translation: "the things that I know are not good are the things that I sometimes do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 
+ROM	7	16	y26s		εἰ δὲ ... ποιῶ 	1	But if I do 	"However, if I do" 
 ROM	7	16	q3b5		σύνφημι τῷ νόμῳ 	1	I agree with the law 	"I know God's law is good" 
 ROM	7	17	f6n8	figs-personification	ἡ ἐνοικοῦσα ἐν ἐμοὶ ἁμαρτία 	1	the sin that lives in me 	Paul describes sin as a living being that has the power to influence him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	7	18	p1c1	figs-metonymy	τῇ σαρκί μου 	1	my flesh 	Here "flesh" is a metonym for the sinful nature. Alternate translation: "my sinful nature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ ROM	7	22	m13q	figs-metaphor	τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον	1	the inner man	Th
 ROM	7	23	clu4		βλέπω δὲ ἕτερον νόμον ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου, ἀντιστρατευόμενον τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ νοός μου, καὶ αἰχμαλωτίζοντά με 	1	But I see a different principle in my body parts. It fights against that new principle in my mind. It takes me captive 	"I am able only to do what my old nature tells me to do, not to live the new way the Spirit shows me" 
 ROM	7	23	t7yh		νόμῳ	1	new principle 	This is the new spiritually alive nature. 
 ROM	7	23	fct8		ἕτερον νόμον ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου 	1	a different principle in my body parts 	This is the old nature, the way people are when they are born. 
-ROM	7	23	u4ny		τῷ νόμῳ ... τῆς ἁμαρτίας, τῷ ὄντι ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου	1	the principle of sin that is in my body parts	"my sinful nature"
+ROM	7	23	u4ny		τῷ νόμῳ τῆς ἁμαρτίας, τῷ ὄντι ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου 	1	the principle of sin that is in my body parts 	"my sinful nature" 
 ROM	7	24	h8l8	figs-rquestion	τίς με ῥύσεται ἐκ τοῦ σώματος τοῦ θανάτου τούτου 	1	Who will deliver me from this body of death? 	Paul uses this question to express great emotion. If your language has a way of showing great emotion through an exclamation or a question, use it here. Alternate translation: "I want someone to set me free from the control of what my body desires!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	7	24	nu6u		με ῥύσεται 	1	deliver me 	"rescue me" 
 ROM	7	24	md8e	figs-metaphor	τοῦ σώματος τοῦ θανάτου τούτου 	1	this body of death 	This is a metaphor that means a body that will experience physical death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
@@ -511,31 +511,31 @@ ROM	8	1	xw65	figs-explicit	οὐδὲν ἄρα νῦν κατάκριμα το
 ROM	8	1	i12t		ἄρα	1	therefore	"for that reason" or "because what I have just told you is true" 
 ROM	8	2	x8uu	figs-explicit	ὁ ... νόμος τοῦ Πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 	1	the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus 	This refers to God's Spirit. Alternate translation: "God's Spirit in Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	8	2	th4n	figs-metaphor	ἠλευθέρωσέν σε ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου 	1	has set you free from the law of sin and death 	Being free from the law of sin and death is a metaphor for not being controlled by the law of sin and death. Alternate translation: "has caused the law of sin and death to no longer control you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
-ROM	8	2	u82e		τοῦ ... νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου	1	the law of sin and death	Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the law, which provokes people to sin, and their sin causes them to die. Alternate translation: "the law which causes sin and death" or 2) the principle that people sin and die.
-ROM	8	3	j98t	figs-personification	τὸ γὰρ ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου, ἐν ᾧ ἠσθένει διὰ τῆς σαρκός, ὁ Θεὸς ... πέμψας	1	For what the law was unable to do because it was weak through the flesh, God did	Here the law is described as a person who could not break the power of sin. Alternate translation: "For the law did not have the power to stop us from sinning, because the power of sin within us was too strong. But God did stop us from sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+ROM	8	2	u82e		τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου 	1	the law of sin and death 	Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the law, which provokes people to sin, and their sin causes them to die. Alternate translation: "the law which causes sin and death" or 2) the principle that people sin and die. 
+ROM	8	3	j98t	figs-personification	τὸ γὰρ ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου, ἐν ᾧ ἠσθένει διὰ τῆς σαρκός, ὁ Θεὸς 	1	For what the law was unable to do because it was weak through the flesh, God did 	Here the law is described as a person who could not break the power of sin. Alternate translation: "For the law did not have the power to stop us from sinning, because the power of sin within us was too strong. But God did stop us from sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	8	3	etf2		διὰ τῆς σαρκός 	1	through the flesh 	"because of people's sinful nature" 
 ROM	8	3	p4qq		τὸν ἑαυτοῦ Υἱὸν πέμψας, ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας, καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας, κατέκρινε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν 	1	He ... sent his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh ... an offering for sin ... he condemned sin 	The Son of God forever satisfied God's holy anger against our sin by giving his own body and human life as the eternal sacrifice for sin. 
 ROM	8	3	csl8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸν	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) 
-ROM	8	3	uf94		ἐν ... ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας	1	in the likeness of sinful flesh	"who looked like any other sinful human being"
+ROM	8	3	uf94		ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας 	1	in the likeness of sinful flesh 	"who looked like any other sinful human being" 
 ROM	8	3	hfr2		καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας 	1	to be an offering for sin 	"so that he could die as a sacrifice for our sins" 
 ROM	8	3	es29		κατέκρινε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐν τῇ σαρκί 	1	he condemned sin in the flesh 	"God broke the power of sin through the body of his Son" 
 ROM	8	4	j9ff	figs-activepassive	τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ νόμου πληρωθῇ ἐν ἡμῖν 	1	the requirements of the law might be fulfilled in us 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "we might fulfill what the law requires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	8	4	acc4	figs-metaphor	τοῖς μὴ κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦσιν 	1	we who walk not according to the flesh 	Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. The flesh is an idiom for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: "we who do not obey our sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	8	4	a5t4		ἀλλὰ κατὰ Πνεῦμα 	1	but according to the Spirit 	"but who obey the Holy Spirit" 
 ROM	8	6	y6p7			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul continues to contrast the flesh with the Spirit we now have. 
-ROM	8	6	vyw4	figs-personification		0	the mind set on the flesh ... the mind set on the Spirit	Here Paul speaks of both the "flesh" and the "spirit" as if they were living persons. Alternate translation: "the way sinful people think ... the way people who listen to the Holy Spirit think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+ROM	8	6	vyw4	figs-personification	τὸ ... φρόνημα τῆς σαρκὸς ... τὸ δὲ φρόνημα τοῦ Πνεύματος 	1	the mind set on the flesh ... the mind set on the Spirit 	Here Paul speaks of both the "flesh" and the "spirit" as if they were living persons. Alternate translation: "the way sinful people think ... the way people who listen to the Holy Spirit think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	8	6	ec7j		θάνατος	1	death	Here this means the separation of a person from God. 
-ROM	8	8	me7u		οἱ δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ὄντες	1	Those who are in the flesh	This refers to people who do what their sinful nature tells them to do.
+ROM	8	8	me7u		οἱ ... ἐν σαρκὶ ὄντες 	1	Those who are in the flesh 	This refers to people who do what their sinful nature tells them to do. 
 ROM	8	9	czm9		ἐν σαρκὶ 	1	in the flesh 	"acting according to your sinful natures." See how "the flesh" was translated in [Romans 8:5](../08/05.md). 
-ROM	8	9	e54u		ἐν ... Πνεύματι	1	in the Spirit	"acting according to the Holy Spirit"
-ROM	8	9	p55f			0	Spirit ... God's Spirit ... Spirit of Christ	These all refer to the Holy Spirit.
+ROM	8	9	e54u		ἐν Πνεύματι 	1	in the Spirit 	"acting according to the Holy Spirit" 
+ROM	8	9	p55f		Πνεύματι, ... Πνεῦμα Θεοῦ ... Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ 	1	Spirit ... God's Spirit ... Spirit of Christ 	These all refer to the Holy Spirit. 
 ROM	8	9	bei3		εἴπερ	1	if it is true that 	This phrase does not mean Paul doubts that some of them have God's Spirit. Paul wants them to realize that they all have God's Spirit. Alternate translation: "since" or "because" 
-ROM	8	10	q8be	figs-explicit	εἰ δὲ Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν	1	If Christ is in you	How Christ lives in a person could be made explicit. Alternate translation: "If Christ lives in you through the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	8	10	q8be	figs-explicit	εἰ ... Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν 	1	If Christ is in you 	How Christ lives in a person could be made explicit. Alternate translation: "If Christ lives in you through the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	8	10	e6g9	figs-idiom	τὸ μὲν σῶμα νεκρὸν διὰ ἁμαρτίαν 	1	the body is dead with respect to sin 	Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually dead to the power of sin or 2) the physical body will still die because of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	8	10	yb1b	figs-idiom	τὸ ... Πνεῦμα ζωὴ διὰ δικαιοσύνην 	1	the spirit is alive with respect to righteousness 	Possible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually alive because God has given him power to do what is right or 2) God will bring the person back to life after he dies because God is righteous and gives believers eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
-ROM	8	11	jlc9			0	If the Spirit ... lives in you	Paul assumes that the Holy Spirit lives in his readers. Alternate translation: "Since the Spirit ... lives in you"
+ROM	8	11	jlc9		εἰ δὲ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐκ νεκρῶν οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν, ὁ ἐγείρας ἐκ νεκρῶν Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ζῳοποιήσει καὶ τὰ θνητὰ σώματα ὑμῶν, διὰ τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος αὐτοῦ Πνεῦμα ἐν ὑμῖν. 	1	If the Spirit ... lives in you 	Paul assumes that the Holy Spirit lives in his readers. Alternate translation: "Since the Spirit ... lives in you" 
 ROM	8	11	b9pu		τοῦ ἐγείραντος 	1	of him who raised 	"of God, who raised" 
-ROM	8	11	jr6p	figs-idiom	τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν	1	raised Jesus	Here to raise is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: "caused Jesus to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ROM	8	11	jr6p	figs-idiom	ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν 	1	raised Jesus 	Here to raise is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: "caused Jesus to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	8	11	t27d		τὰ θνητὰ σώματα 	1	mortal bodies 	"physical bodies" or "bodies, which will die someday" 
 ROM	8	12	mv1r		ἄρα οὖν 	1	So then 	"Because what I have just told you is true" 
 ROM	8	12	qw5b		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. 
@@ -543,18 +543,18 @@ ROM	8	12	e3j8	figs-metaphor	ὀφειλέται ἐσμέν	1	we are debtors	Pau
 ROM	8	12	fb3m	figs-ellipsis	οὐ τῇ σαρκὶ, τοῦ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆν 	1	but not to the flesh to live according to the flesh 	Again Paul speaks of obedience as if it were paying back a debt. You can include the implied word "debtors." Alternate translation: "but we are not debtors to the flesh, and we do not have to obey our sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	8	13	ri75		εἰ γὰρ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆτε 	1	For if you live according to the flesh 	"Because if you live only to please your sinful desires" 
 ROM	8	13	b9n5		μέλλετε ἀποθνῄσκειν 	1	you are about to die 	"you will certainly be separated from God" 
-ROM	8	13	ld2h	figs-metaphor	εἰ ... δὲ Πνεύματι τὰς πράξεις τοῦ σώματος θανατοῦτε	1	but if by the Spirit you put to death the body's actions	Paul speaks of the "old man," crucified with Christ, as the person who is responsible for his sinful desires. Alternate translation: "but if by the power of the Holy Spirit you stop obeying your sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	8	13	ld2h	figs-metaphor	εἰ δὲ Πνεύματι τὰς πράξεις τοῦ σώματος θανατοῦτε 	1	but if by the Spirit you put to death the body's actions 	Paul speaks of the "old man," crucified with Christ, as the person who is responsible for his sinful desires. Alternate translation: "but if by the power of the Holy Spirit you stop obeying your sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	8	14	u8pv	figs-activepassive	ὅσοι γὰρ Πνεύματι Θεοῦ ἄγονται 	1	For as many as are led by the Spirit of God 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "For all the people whom the Spirit of God leads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	8	14	gd1i		υἱοί Θεοῦ 	1	sons of God 	Here this means all believers in Jesus and is often translated as "children of God." 
 ROM	8	15	ecq3		ἐν ᾧ κράζομεν 	1	by which we cry 	"who causes us to cry out" 
 ROM	8	15	vxs9	translate-unknown	Ἀββά, ὁ Πατήρ 	1	Abba, Father 	"Abba" is "Father" in the Aramaic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 
-ROM	8	17	fj7w	figs-metaphor	κληρονόμοι; κληρονόμοι μὲν Θεοῦ	1	heirs of God	Paul speaks of the Christian believers as if they will inherit property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: "we also will one day receive what God has promised us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	8	17	fj7w	figs-metaphor	κληρονόμοι μὲν Θεοῦ 	1	heirs of God 	Paul speaks of the Christian believers as if they will inherit property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: "we also will one day receive what God has promised us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	8	17	q751	figs-metaphor	συνκληρονόμοι ... Χριστοῦ 	1	we are joint heirs with Christ 	Paul speaks of the Christian believers as if they will inherit property and wealth from a family member. God will give to us what he gives to Christ. Alternate translation: "we will also receive what God has promised us and Christ together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	8	17	j6ia	figs-activepassive	ἵνα καὶ συνδοξασθῶμεν 	1	that we may also be glorified with him 	God will honor Christian believers when he honors Christ. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "that God may glorify us along with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	8	18	phk6			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul reminds us as believers that our bodies will be changed at the redemption of our bodies in this section which ends in [Romans 8:25](../08/25.md). 
 ROM	8	18	i5nu		γὰρ	1	For	This emphasizes "I consider." It does not mean "because." 
-ROM	8	18	b3b1	figs-activepassive		0	I consider that ... are not worthy to be compared with	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "I cannot compare the sufferings of this present time with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	8	18	jjb8	figs-activepassive	μέλλουσαν δόξαν ἀποκαλυφθῆναι	1	will be revealed	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will reveal" or "God will make known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	8	18	b3b1	figs-activepassive	Λογίζομαι ... ὅτι οὐκ ἄξια τὰ παθήματα τοῦ νῦν καιροῦ, πρὸς 	1	I consider that ... are not worthy to be compared with 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "I cannot compare the sufferings of this present time with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
+ROM	8	18	jjb8	figs-activepassive	ἀποκαλυφθῆναι	1	will be revealed 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will reveal" or "God will make known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	8	19	d911	figs-personification	ἡ ... ἀποκαραδοκία τῆς κτίσεως, τὴν ... ἀπεκδέχεται 	1	the eager expectation of the creation waits for 	Paul describes everything that God created as a person who eagerly waits for something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	8	19	dm6s	figs-activepassive	τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	for the revealing of the sons of God 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "for the time when God will reveal his children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	8	19	sr2p		υἱῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	sons of God 	Here this means all believers in Jesus. You can also translate this as "children of God." 
@@ -569,18 +569,18 @@ ROM	8	24	x4gi	figs-activepassive	τῇ γὰρ ἐλπίδι ἐσώθημεν	1
 ROM	8	24	tks9	figs-rquestion	ἐλπὶς δὲ βλεπομένη, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐλπίς; ὃ γὰρ βλέπει τις, ἐλπίζει 	1	Now hope that is seen is not hope. For who hopes for what he can see? 	Paul uses a question to help his audience understand what "hope" is. Alternate translation: "But if we are confidently waiting, that means we do not yet have what we want. No one can confidently wait if he already has what he wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	8	26	h8jy			0	Connecting Statement: 	Though Paul has been emphasizing that there is a struggle in believers between the flesh and the Spirit, he affirms that the Spirit is aiding us. 
 ROM	8	26	jmp8		στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις 	1	inexpressible groans 	"groanings that we cannot express in words" 
-ROM	8	27	tq4n	figs-metonymy		0	He who searches the hearts	Here "He" refers to God. Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's thoughts and emotions. The phrase "searches the hearts" is a metaphor for examining thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: "God, who knows all our thoughts and feelings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	8	27	tq4n	figs-metonymy	ὁ ... ἐραυνῶν τὰς καρδίας 	1	He who searches the hearts 	Here "He" refers to God. Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's thoughts and emotions. The phrase "searches the hearts" is a metaphor for examining thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: "God, who knows all our thoughts and feelings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	8	28	w4rz			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul reminds the believers that nothing can separate them from God's love. 
 ROM	8	28	q3ce	figs-activepassive	τοῖς ... κλητοῖς οὖσιν 	1	for those who are called 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "for those whom God chose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	8	29	m3vv		οὓς προέγνω 	1	those whom he foreknew 	"those whom he knew before he even created them" 
-ROM	8	29	rg4t		προέγνω, καὶ προώρισεν	1	he also predestined	"he also made it their destiny" or "he also planned in advance"
+ROM	8	29	rg4t		καὶ προώρισεν 	1	he also predestined 	"he also made it their destiny" or "he also planned in advance" 
 ROM	8	29	xhn2	figs-activepassive	συμμόρφους τῆς εἰκόνος τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 	1	to be conformed to the image of his Son 	God planned from before the beginning of creation to grow those who believe in Jesus, the Son of God, into persons who are like Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "that he would change them to be like his Son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	8	29	yuw2	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Υἱοῦ	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+ROM	8	29	yuw2	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱοῦ	1	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) 
 ROM	8	29	lf49		εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν πρωτότοκον 	1	that he might be the firstborn 	"so that his Son would be the firstborn" 
 ROM	8	29	s552	figs-explicit	ἐν πολλοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 	1	among many brothers 	Here "brothers" refers to all believers, both male and female. Alternate translation: "among many brothers and sisters who belong to the family of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	8	30	hg3f		οὓς δὲ προώρισεν	1	Those whom he predestined	"Those whom God made plans for in advance"
-ROM	8	30	g1y3	figs-explicit	τούτους καὶ ... ἐδικαίωσεν	1	these he also justified	Here "justified" is in the past tense to emphasize that this will certainly happen. Alternate translation: "these he also put right with himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	8	30	g29g	figs-explicit	τούτους καὶ ... ἐδόξασεν	1	these he also glorified	The word "glorified" is in the past tense to emphasize that this will certainly happen. Alternate translation: "these he will also glorify" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	8	30	hg3f		οὓς ... προώρισεν 	1	Those whom he predestined 	"Those whom God made plans for in advance" 
+ROM	8	30	g1y3	figs-explicit	τούτους καὶ ἐδικαίωσεν 	1	these he also justified 	Here "justified" is in the past tense to emphasize that this will certainly happen. Alternate translation: "these he also put right with himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
+ROM	8	30	g29g	figs-explicit	τούτους καὶ ἐδόξασεν 	1	these he also glorified 	The word "glorified" is in the past tense to emphasize that this will certainly happen. Alternate translation: "these he will also glorify" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	8	31	xpu3	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν πρὸς ταῦτα? εἰ ὁ Θεὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, τίς καθ’ ἡμῶν 	1	What then shall we say about these things? If God is for us, who is against us? 	Paul uses questions to emphasize the main point of what he said previously. Alternate translation: "This is what we should know from all of this: since God is helping us, no one can defeat us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	8	32	l73i	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὅς γε τοῦ ἰδίου Υἱοῦ οὐκ ἐφείσατο 	1	He who did not spare his own Son 	God the Father sent the Son of God, Jesus Christ, to the cross as the holy, infinite sacrifice necessary to satisfy God's infinite, holy nature against the sin of humanity. Here "Son" is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) 
 ROM	8	32	b3au		ἀλλὰ ... παρέδωκεν αὐτόν 	1	but delivered him up 	"but put him under the control of his enemies" 
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ ROM	8	32	gk4l	figs-rquestion	πῶς οὐχὶ καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ, τ
 ROM	8	32	rib2		τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν χαρίσεται 	1	freely give us all things 	"kindly give us all things" 
 ROM	8	33	vr1b	figs-rquestion	τίς ἐγκαλέσει κατὰ ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ? Θεὸς ὁ δικαιῶν 	1	Who will bring any accusation against God's chosen ones? God is the one who justifies 	Paul uses a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: "No one can accuse us before God because he is the one who makes us right with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	8	34	vt5r	figs-rquestion	τίς ὁ κατακρινῶν 	1	Who is the one who condemns? 	Paul uses a question for emphasis. He does not expect an answer. Alternate translation: "No one will condemn us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	8	34	vd8g	translate-symaction		0	who is at the right hand of God	To be at the "right hand of God" is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: "who is at the place of honor beside God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
+ROM	8	34	vd8g	translate-symaction	ὅς, καί ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	who is at the right hand of God 	To be at the "right hand of God" is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: "who is at the place of honor beside God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 
 ROM	8	35	h9ba	figs-rquestion	τίς ἡμᾶς χωρίσει ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Χριστοῦ 	1	Who will separate us from the love of Christ? 	Paul uses this question to teach that nothing can separate us from the love of Christ. Alternate translation: "No one will ever separate us from the love of Christ!" or "Nothing will ever separate us from the love of Christ!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	8	35	m2hl	figs-ellipsis	θλῖψις, ἢ στενοχωρία, ἢ διωγμὸς, ἢ λιμὸς, ἢ γυμνότης, ἢ κίνδυνος, ἢ μάχαιρα 	1	Tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? 	The words "shall separate us from the love of Christ" are understood from the previous question. Alternate translation: "Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword separate us from the love of Christ?"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 
 ROM	8	35	ldx1	figs-rquestion	θλῖψις, ἢ στενοχωρία, ἢ διωγμὸς, ἢ λιμὸς, ἢ γυμνότης, ἢ κίνδυνος, ἢ μάχαιρα 	1	Tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? 	Paul uses this question to emphasize that even these things cannot separate us from the love of Christ. Alternate translation: "Even tribulation, distress, persecution, hunger, nakedness, danger, and sword cannot separate us from the love of Christ." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ ROM	8	37	iui3		ὑπερνικῶμεν	1	we are more than conquerors	"we have c
 ROM	8	37	wcm6	figs-explicit	διὰ τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς 	1	through the one who loved us 	You can make explicit the kind of love that Jesus showed. Alternate translation: "because of Jesus, who loved us so much he was willing to die for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	8	38	fch1		πέπεισμαι	1	I have been convinced 	"I am convinced" or "I am confident" 
 ROM	8	38	js9q		ἀρχαὶ	1	governments	Possible meanings are 1) demons or 2) human kings and rulers. 
-ROM	8	38	q7ti		οὔτε ... δυνάμεις	1	nor powers	Possible meanings are 1) spiritual beings with power or 2) human beings with power.
+ROM	8	38	q7ti		οὔτε δυνάμεις 	1	nor powers 	Possible meanings are 1) spiritual beings with power or 2) human beings with power. 
 ROM	9	intro	w6f4			0		# Romans 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, Paul changes what he is teaching about. In Chapters 9-11, he focuses on the nation of Israel.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 25-29 and 33 of this chapter. Paul quotes all of these words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br>Paul uses the word "flesh" in this chapter only to refer to Israelites, people physically descending from Abraham through Jacob, who God named Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])<br><br>In other chapters, Paul uses the word "brother" to mean fellow Christians. However, in this chapter, he uses "my brothers" to mean his kinsmen the Israelites.<br><br>Paul refers to those who believe in Jesus as "children of God" and "children of the promise."<br><br>### Predestination<br>Many scholars believe Paul in this chapter teaches extensively on a subject known as "predestination." This is related to the biblical concept of "predestine." Some take this to indicate that God has, from before the foundation of the world, chosen some people to eternally save. Christians have different views on what the Bible teaches on this subject. So translators need to take extra care when translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Stone of stumbling<br>Paul explains that while some Gentiles accepted Jesus as their savior by believing in him, most Jews were trying to earn their salvation and so rejected Jesus. Paul, quoting the Old Testament, describes Jesus as a stone that the Jews stumble over when walking. This "stone of stumbling" causes them to "fall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### "It is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to Israel"<br>Paul uses the word "Israel" in this verse with two different meanings. The first "Israel" means the physical descendants of Abraham through Jacob. The second "Israel" means those who are God's people through faith. The UST reflects this.<br> 
 ROM	9	1	b89f			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul tells of his personal desire that the people of the nation of Israel will be saved. Then he emphasizes the different ways in which God has prepared them to believe. 
 ROM	9	1	yg93	figs-doublet	ἀλήθειαν λέγω ἐν Χριστῷ, οὐ ψεύδομαι 	1	I tell the truth in Christ. I do not lie 	These two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he is telling the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
@@ -616,9 +616,9 @@ ROM	9	6	s2ma			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul emphasizes that those who are born i
 ROM	9	6	equ8		οὐχ οἷον δὲ, ὅτι ἐκπέπτωκεν ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	But it is not as though the promises of God have failed 	"But God has not failed to keep his promises" or "God has kept his promises" 
 ROM	9	6	wy8z		οὐ γὰρ πάντες οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ οὗτοι, Ἰσραήλ 	1	For it is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to Israel 	God did not make his promises to all the physical descendants of Israel (or Jacob), but to his spiritual descendants, that is, those who trust in Jesus. 
 ROM	9	7	s3rj		οὐδ’ ὅτι εἰσὶν σπέρμα Ἀβραάμ πάντες τέκνα 	1	Neither are all Abraham's descendants truly his children 	"Nor are they all children of God just because they are Abraham's descendants" 
-ROM	9	8	s5xa	figs-metonymy	οὐ τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκὸς, ταῦτα τέκνα	1	the children of the flesh are not	Here "children of the flesh" is a metonym that refers to the physical descendants of Abraham. Alternate translation: "not all of Abraham's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ROM	9	8	s5xa	figs-metonymy	οὐ τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκὸς, 	1	the children of the flesh are not 	Here "children of the flesh" is a metonym that refers to the physical descendants of Abraham. Alternate translation: "not all of Abraham's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	9	8	y17u	figs-metaphor	ταῦτα τέκνα τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	children of God 	This is a metaphor that refers to people who are spiritual descendants, those who have faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
-ROM	9	8	ta8t		τέκνα τῆς ... ἐπαγγελίας	1	children of the promise	This refers to people who will inherit the promises that God gave to Abraham.
+ROM	9	8	ta8t		τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας 	1	children of the promise 	This refers to people who will inherit the promises that God gave to Abraham. 
 ROM	9	9	up57		ἐπαγγελίας ... ὁ λόγος οὗτος 	1	this is the word of promise 	"these are the words God used when he made the promise" 
 ROM	9	9	wqb2	figs-activepassive	ἔσται τῇ Σάρρᾳ υἱός 	1	a son will be given to Sarah 	You can translate this in an active form to express that God will give a son to Sarah. Alternate translation: "I will give Sarah a son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	9	10	mb5q	figs-inclusive	τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν 	1	our father 	Paul refers to Isaac as "our father" because Isaac was the ancestor of Paul and of the Jewish believers in Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
@@ -627,32 +627,32 @@ ROM	9	11	h16y		μήπω γὰρ γεννηθέντων, μηδὲ πραξάντ
 ROM	9	11	a1gz		ἵνα ἡ κατ’ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις τοῦ Θεοῦ μένῃ 	1	so that the purpose of God according to choice might stand 	"so that what God wants to happen according to His choice will happen" 
 ROM	9	11	eez1		μήπω γὰρ γεννηθέντων 	1	for the children were not yet born 	"before the children were born" 
 ROM	9	11	iw56		μηδὲ πραξάντων τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φαῦλον 	1	had not yet done anything good or bad 	"not because of anything they had done" 
-ROM	9	11	d6mr			0	because of him	because of God
 ROM	9	12	ze3m			0	Connecting Statement: 	It may be necessary in your language to place this verse between verse 10 and verse 11: "our father Isaac,it was said to her, 'The older will serve the younger.' Now the children were not yet born and had not yet done anything good or bad, but so that the purpose of God according to choice might stand—not because of actions, but because of him who calls. It is just" 
+ROM	9	12	d6mr		ἐκ τοῦ 	1	because of him 	because of God 
 ROM	9	12	wv7n		ἐρρέθη αὐτῇ, ὅτι" ὁ μείζων δουλεύσει τῷ ἐλάσσονι 	1	it was said to her, "The older will serve the younger." 	"God said to Rebecca, 'The older son will serve the younger son'" 
 ROM	9	13	xt7t	figs-hyperbole	τὸν Ἰακὼβ ἠγάπησα, τὸν δὲ Ἠσαῦ ἐμίσησα 	1	Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated 	The word "hated" is an exaggeration. God loved Jacob much more than he loved Esau. He did not literally hate Esau. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 
 ROM	9	14	m8xk	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν 	1	What then will we say? 	Paul is using the question to get the attention of his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	9	14	s1hm		μὴ ... γένοιτο	1	May it never be	"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here.
+ROM	9	14	s1hm		μὴ γένοιτο 	1	May it never be 	"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. 
 ROM	9	15	kq2c	figs-metaphor	τῷ Μωϋσεῖ γὰρ λέγει 	1	For he says to Moses 	Paul speaks about God's talking with Moses as if it is being done in the present time. Alternate translation: "For God said to Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	9	16	d4f5		οὐ τοῦ θέλοντος, οὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος 	1	it is not because of him who wills, nor because of him who runs 	"it is not because of what people want or because they try hard" 
 ROM	9	16	ues3	figs-metaphor	οὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος 	1	nor because of him who runs 	Paul speaks of a person who does good things in order to gain God's favor as if that person were running a race. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	9	17	x1cj	figs-personification	λέγει γὰρ ἡ Γραφὴ 	1	For the scripture says 	Here the scripture is personified as if God were talking to Pharaoh. Alternate translation: "The scripture records that God said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
-ROM	9	17	xu7s		ἐνδείξωμαι ... μου	1	I ... my	God is referring to himself.
+ROM	9	17	xu7s		ἐξήγειρά ... ἐνδείξωμαι ... μου 	1	I ... my 	God is referring to himself. 
 ROM	9	17	nfv5	figs-you	σε	1	you	singular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
 ROM	9	17	pz5x	figs-idiom	ἐξήγειρά σε 	1	I raised you up 	"Raised" here is an idiom for "to cause something to be what it is." Alternate translation: "I made you the powerful man that you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
-ROM	9	17	gps5	figs-activepassive	ὅπως ... διαγγελῇ τὸ ὄνομά μου	1	so that my name might be proclaimed	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "that people might proclaim my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	9	17	gps5	figs-activepassive	ὅπως διαγγελῇ τὸ ὄνομά μου 	1	so that my name might be proclaimed 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "that people might proclaim my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	9	17	jp6i	figs-metonymy	τὸ ὄνομά μου 	1	my name 	This metonym refers either 1) to God in all of his being. Alternate translation: "who I am" or 2) To his reputation. Alternate translation: "how great I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-ROM	9	17	jn7u	figs-hyperbole	ἐν ... πάσῃ τῇ γῇ	1	in all the earth	"wherever there are people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-ROM	9	18	a1uv		ὃν θέλει ... σκληρύνει	1	whom he wishes, he makes stubborn	God makes stubborn whoever he wishes to make stubborn.
+ROM	9	17	jn7u	figs-hyperbole	ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ 	1	in all the earth 	"wherever there are people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 
+ROM	9	18	a1uv		ὃν ... θέλει σκληρύνει 	1	whom he wishes, he makes stubborn 	God makes stubborn whoever he wishes to make stubborn. 
 ROM	9	19	z4j2	figs-you	ἐρεῖς μοι οὖν 	1	You will say then to me 	Paul is talking to the critics of his teaching as though he were only talking to one person. You may need to use the plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
-ROM	9	19	bbe4	figs-rquestion		0	Why does he still find fault? For who has ever withstood his will?	These rhetorical questions are complaints against God. You can translate them as strong statements. Alternate translation: "He should not find fault with us. No one has ever been able to withstand his will." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-ROM	9	19	hqr7			0	he ... his	The words "he" and "his" here refer to God.
-ROM	9	19	n1ti		τῷ γὰρ βουλήματι αὐτοῦ ... ἀνθέστηκεν	1	has ... withstood his will	"has ... stopped him from doing what he wanted to do"
-ROM	9	20	arw8	figs-metaphor		0	Will what has been molded say to the one who molds it, "Why ... way?"	Paul uses the potter's right to make any kind of container he wants from the clay as a metaphor for the creator's right to do whatever he wants with his creation. Paul asks questions to emphasize his point. This can be translated as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "What a person has molded should never say to the one who molds it, 'Why ... way?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+ROM	9	19	bbe4	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν ἔτι μέμφεται? τῷ γὰρ βουλήματι αὐτοῦ, τίς ἀνθέστηκεν 	1	Why does he still find fault? For who has ever withstood his will? 	These rhetorical questions are complaints against God. You can translate them as strong statements. Alternate translation: "He should not find fault with us. No one has ever been able to withstand his will." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
+ROM	9	19	hqr7		μέμφεται ... αὐτοῦ 	1	he ... his 	The words "he" and "his" here refer to God. 
+ROM	9	19	n1ti		τῷ ... βουλήματι αὐτοῦ ... ἀνθέστηκεν 	1	has ... withstood his will 	"has ... stopped him from doing what he wanted to do" 
+ROM	9	20	arw8	figs-metaphor	μὴ ἐρεῖ τὸ πλάσμα, τῷ πλάσαντι, “ τί με ἐποίησας οὕτως 	1	Will what has been molded say to the one who molds it, "Why ... way?" 	Paul uses the potter's right to make any kind of container he wants from the clay as a metaphor for the creator's right to do whatever he wants with his creation. Paul asks questions to emphasize his point. This can be translated as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "What a person has molded should never say to the one who molds it, 'Why ... way?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	9	20	wcj3	figs-rquestion	τί με ἐποίησας οὕτως 	1	Why did you make me this way? 	This question is a rebuke and can be translated as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You should not have made me this way!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	9	21	e94a	figs-rquestion		0	Does the potter not have the right ... for daily use?	This rhetorical question is a rebuke. Alternate translation: "The potter certainlly has the right ... for daily use." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+ROM	9	21	e94a	figs-rquestion	ἢ οὐκ ἔχει ἐξουσίαν ὁ κεραμεὺς τοῦ πηλοῦ, ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ φυράματος ποιῆσαι ὃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν σκεῦος, ὃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν 	1	Does the potter not have the right ... for daily use? 	This rhetorical question is a rebuke. Alternate translation: "The potter certainlly has the right ... for daily use." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	9	22	we86	figs-metaphor	σκεύη ὀργῆς 	1	containers of wrath 	Paul speaks of people as if they were containers. Alternate translation: "people who deserve wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
-ROM	9	23	ufj7			0	he ... his	The words "he" and "his" here refer to God.
+ROM	9	23	ufj7		γνωρίσῃ ... αὐτοῦ 	1	he ... his 	The words "he" and "his" here refer to God. 
 ROM	9	23	v33r	figs-metaphor	σκεύη ἐλέους 	1	containers of mercy 	Paul speaks of people as if they were containers. Alternate translation: "people who deserve mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	9	23	she3	figs-metaphor	τὸν πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ 	1	the riches of his glory upon 	Paul compares God's wonderful actions here to great "riches." Alternate translation: "his glory, which is of great value, upon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	9	23	t41s	figs-explicit	ἃ προητοίμασεν εἰς δόξαν 	1	which he had previously prepared for glory 	Here "glory" refers to life in heaven with God. Alternate translation: "whom he prepared ahead of time in order that they might live with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
@@ -666,25 +666,25 @@ ROM	9	25	yy15	figs-activepassive	τὴν οὐκ ἠγαπημένην, ἠγα
 ROM	9	26	qe9f		υἱοὶ Θεοῦ ζῶντος 	1	sons of the living God 	The word "living" may refer to the fact that God is the only true God, and not like the false idols. Alternate translation: "children of the true God" 
 ROM	9	27	zqi1		κράζει	1	cries out 	"calls out" 
 ROM	9	27	k9j8	figs-simile	ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς θαλάσσης 	1	as the sand of the sea 	Here Paul compares the number of the people of Israel to the number of grains of sand in the sea. Alternate translation: "too many to count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 
-ROM	9	27	wig1	figs-activepassive	τὸ ὑπόλειμμα σωθήσεται	1	will be saved	Paul uses the word "saved" in a spiritual sense. If God saves a person, it means that through believing in Jesus' death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished for his sin. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	9	27	wig1	figs-activepassive	σωθήσεται	1	will be saved 	Paul uses the word "saved" in a spiritual sense. If God saves a person, it means that through believing in Jesus' death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished for his sin. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	9	28	cm32		λόγον ... ποιήσει Κύριος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 	1	the Lord will carry out his sentence on the earth 	Here "sentence" refers to how he has decided to punish people. Alternate translation: "the Lord will punish people on the earth according to how he has said" 
-ROM	9	29	dl9x	figs-inclusive		0	us ... we	Here the words "us" and "we" refer to Isaiah and those to whom he spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
+ROM	9	29	dl9x	figs-inclusive	ἡμῖν ...ν ἐγενήθημεν 	1	us ... we 	Here the words "us" and "we" refer to Isaiah and those to whom he spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	9	29	tk2e	figs-explicit	ὡς Σόδομα ἂν ἐγενήθημεν, καὶ ὡς Γόμορρα ἂν ὡμοιώθημεν 	1	we would be like Sodom, and we would have become like Gomorrah 	God killed all of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah because of their sin. Alternate translation: "we all would have been destroyed like the people of Sodom and Gomorrah" or "God would have destroyed all of us, like he destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gommorah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	9	30	m5l2	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν 	1	What will we say then? 	Paul uses this question to get the attention of his readers. Alternate translation: "This is what we must say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	9	30	ki4k		ὅτι ἔθνη 	1	That the Gentiles 	"We will say that the Gentiles" 
 ROM	9	30	bnl6		τὰ μὴ διώκοντα δικαιοσύνην 	1	who were not pursuing righteousness 	"who were not trying to please God" 
-ROM	9	30	gl4m	figs-explicit		0	the righteousness by faith	Here "by faith" refers to placing one's trust in Christ. You can make this explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "because God made them right with him when they trusted in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	9	31	f18n	figs-explicit		0	did not arrive at it	This means that the Israelites could not please God by trying to keep the law. You can make this explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "were not able to please God by keeping the law because they could not keep it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	9	30	gl4m	figs-explicit	δικαιοσύνην ... τὴν ἐκ πίστεως 	1	the righteousness by faith 	Here "by faith" refers to placing one's trust in Christ. You can make this explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "because God made them right with him when they trusted in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
+ROM	9	31	f18n	figs-explicit	οὐκ ἔφθασεν 	1	did not arrive at it 	This means that the Israelites could not please God by trying to keep the law. You can make this explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "were not able to please God by keeping the law because they could not keep it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	9	32	y4pf	figs-ellipsis	διὰ τί 	1	Why not? 	This is an ellipsis. You can include the implied words in your translation. Paul asks this question to get the attention of his readers. Alternate translation: "Why could they not attain righteousness?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	9	32	j5jp	figs-explicit	ὡς ἐξ ἔργων 	1	by works 	This refers to things that people do to try to please God. You can make this explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "by trying to do things that would please God" or "by keeping the Law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	9	33	kx9c	figs-explicit	καθὼς γέγραπται 	1	as it has been written 	You can indicate that Isaiah wrote this. You can also translate it in an active form. Alternate translation: "as Isaiah the prophet wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	9	33	dy6x	figs-metonymy	ἐν Σιὼν 	1	in Zion 	Here Zion is a metonym that represents Israel. Alternate translation: "in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	9	33	u3dj	figs-doublet	λίθον προσκόμματος, καὶ πέτραν σκανδάλου 	1	stone of stumbling and a rock of offense 	Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing and are metaphors that refer to Jesus and his death on the cross. It was as if the people stumbled over a stone because they were disgusted when they considered Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
-ROM	9	33	tu4i		καὶ ... ὁ πιστεύων ἐπ’ αὐτῷ	1	believes in it	Because the stone stands for a person, you may need to translate "believes in him."
+ROM	9	33	tu4i		πιστεύων ἐπ’ αὐτῷ 	1	believes in it 	Because the stone stands for a person, you may need to translate "believes in him." 
 ROM	10	intro	c2li			0		# Romans 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set prose quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words in verse 8.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 18-20 of this chapter, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God's righteousness<br><br>Paul teaches here that while many Jews earnestly tried to be righteous, they did not succeed. We cannot earn God's righteousness. God gives us Jesus' righteousness when we believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. He does this to convince his readers that God does not save only the Hebrew people, so Christians must be ready to go and share the gospel with the whole world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### "I will provoke you to jealousy by what is not a nation"<br><br>Paul uses this prophecy to explain that God will use the church to make the Hebrew people jealous. This is so they will seek God and believe the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br> 
 ROM	10	1	pi37			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul continues stating his desire for Israel to believe but emphasizes that both those who are Jews as well as everyone else can only be saved by faith in Jesus. 
 ROM	10	1	hj4b		ἀδελφοί	1	Brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. 
-ROM	10	1	tq7k	figs-metonymy		0	my heart's desire	Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions or inner being. Alternate translation: "my greatest desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ROM	10	1	tq7k	figs-metonymy	ἡ μὲν εὐδοκία τῆς ἐμῆς καρδίας 	1	my heart's desire 	Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions or inner being. Alternate translation: "my greatest desire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	10	1	tmf2		ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν εἰς σωτηρίαν 	1	is for them, for their salvation 	"is that God will save the Jews" 
 ROM	10	2	y7qg		μαρτυρῶ ... αὐτοῖς 	1	I testify about them 	"I declare truthfully about them" 
 ROM	10	3	bw97	figs-explicit	ἀγνοοῦντες γὰρ τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ δικαιοσύνην 	1	For they do not know of God's righteousness 	Here "righteousness refers to the way God puts people right with himself. You can make this explicit in the translation. Alternate translation: "For they do not know how God puts people right with himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
@@ -697,20 +697,20 @@ ROM	10	5	qkz4		ζήσεται	1	will live	The words "will live" can refer to 1)
 ROM	10	6	sr9z	figs-personification	ἡ δὲ ἐκ πίστεως δικαιοσύνη οὕτως λέγει 	1	But the righteousness that comes from faith says this 	Here "righteousness" is described as a person who can speak. Alternate translation: "But Moses writes this about how faith makes a person right before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	10	6	x7h4	figs-you	μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου 	1	Do not say in your heart 	Moses was addressing the people as if he were speaking to only one person. Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate translation: "Do not say to yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	10	6	tf9r	figs-rquestion	τίς‘ ἀναβήσεται εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν 	1	Who will ascend into heaven? 	Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, "Do not say" requires a negative answer to this question. You can translate this question as a statement. Alternate translation: "No one is able to go up to heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	10	6	gi7s		τοῦτ’( ἔστιν Χριστὸν καταγαγεῖν	1	that is, to bring Christ down	"in order that they might have Christ come down to earth"
+ROM	10	6	gi7s		τοῦτ’ ἔστιν Χριστὸν καταγαγεῖν 	1	that is, to bring Christ down 	"in order that they might have Christ come down to earth" 
 ROM	10	7	w8xe	figs-rquestion	τίς‘ καταβήσεται εἰς τὴν Ἄβυσσον 	1	Who will descend into the abyss 	Moses uses a question to teach his audience. His previous instruction of, "Do not say" requires a negative answer to this question. You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: "No person can go down and enter the place where the spirits of dead persons are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	10	7	iw13		ἐκ νεκρῶν 	1	from the dead 	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be brought up from among them is to become alive again. 
 ROM	10	7	t8dd		νεκρῶν	1	dead	This word speaks of physical death. 
 ROM	10	8	gz7t	figs-personification	ἀλλὰ τί λέγει 	1	But what does it say? 	The word "it" refers to "the righteousness" of [Romans 10:6](../10/06.md). Here Paul describes "righteousness" as a person who can speak. Paul uses a question to emphasize the answer he is about to give. Alternate translation: "But this is what Moses says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	10	8	kzb2	figs-personification	ἐγγύς σου τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστιν 	1	The word is near you 	Paul speaks of God's message as if it were a person who can move. Alternate translation: "You have heard the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
-ROM	10	8	y6mq	figs-metonymy		0	The word is ... in your mouth	The word "mouth" is a metonym that refers to what a person says. Alternate translation: "You know how to speak ... God's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ROM	10	8	zvx4	figs-metonymy		0	The word is ... in your heart	The phrase "in your heart" is metonym that refers to what a person thinks and believes. Alternate translation: "You know what ... God's message means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ROM	10	8	lh5d		τὸ ... ῥῆμα τῆς πίστεως	1	the word of faith	"God's message that tells us that we must believe in him"
-ROM	10	9	tz7r		ἐὰν ὁμολογήσῃς ἐν τῷ στόματί σου," Κύριον Ἰησοῦν	1	if with your mouth you confess Jesus as Lord	"if you confess that Jesus is Lord"
+ROM	10	8	y6mq	figs-metonymy	τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστιν, ἐν τῷ στόματί σου 	1	The word is ... in your mouth 	The word "mouth" is a metonym that refers to what a person says. Alternate translation: "You know how to speak ... God's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
+ROM	10	8	zvx4	figs-metonymy	τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστιν, ... ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου 	1	The word is ... in your heart 	The phrase "in your heart" is metonym that refers to what a person thinks and believes. Alternate translation: "You know what ... God's message means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
+ROM	10	8	lh5d		τὸ ῥῆμα τῆς πίστεως 	1	the word of faith 	"God's message that tells us that we must believe in him" 
+ROM	10	9	tz7r		ἐὰν ὁμολογήσῃς ἐν τῷ στόματί σου," Κύριον Ἰησοῦν” 	1	if with your mouth you confess Jesus as Lord 	"if you confess that Jesus is Lord" 
 ROM	10	9	ie71	figs-metonymy	πιστεύσῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου 	1	believe in your heart 	Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner person. Alternate translation: "believe in your mind" or "truly believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	10	9	zdf5	figs-idiom	αὐτὸν ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν 	1	raised him from the dead 	"Raised" here is an idiom for "caused to live again." Alternate translation: "caused him to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	10	9	c3cq	figs-activepassive	σωθήσῃ	1	you will be saved 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	10	10	g7i1	figs-metonymy	καρδίᾳ γὰρ πιστεύεται εἰς δικαιοσύνην, στόματι δὲ ὁμολογεῖται εἰς σωτηρίαν	1	For with the heart one believes and has righteousness, and with the mouth one confesses and is saved	Here "heart" is a metonym that represents the mind or will. Alternate translation: "For it is with the mind that a person trusts and is right before God, and it is with the mouth that a person confesses and God saves him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ROM	10	10	g7i1	figs-metonymy	καρδίᾳ γὰρ πιστεύεται εἰς δικαιοσύνην, στόματι δὲ ὁμολογεῖται εἰς σωτηρίαν 	1	For with the heart one believes unto righteousness, and with the mouth one confesses unto salvation	Here "heart" is a metonym that represents the mind or will. Alternate translation: "For it is with the mind that a person trusts and is right before God, and it is with the mouth that a person confesses and God saves him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	10	10	xs8c	figs-synecdoche	στόματι	1	with the mouth 	Here "mouth" is a synecdoche that represents a person's capacity to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
 ROM	10	11	gu99	figs-personification	λέγει γὰρ ἡ Γραφή 	1	For scripture says 	Paul speaks of the Scripture as if it were alive and had a voice. You can make explicit who wrote the Scripture that Paul uses here. Alternate translation: "For Isaiah wrote in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	10	11	nv71	figs-activepassive	πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων ἐπ’ αὐτῷ οὐ καταισχυνθήσεται 	1	Everyone who believes on him will not be put to shame 	This is equivalent to: "Everyone who does not believe will be shamed." The negative is used here for emphasis. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will honor everyone who believes in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
@@ -718,21 +718,21 @@ ROM	10	12	z8p4	figs-explicit	οὐ γάρ ἐστιν διαστολὴ Ἰου
 ROM	10	12	p9py	figs-explicit	πλουτῶν εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους αὐτόν 	1	he is rich to all who call upon him 	Here "he is rich" means that God blesses richly. You can make this explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "he richly blesses all who trust in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	10	13	pe96	figs-metonymy	πᾶς” γὰρ" ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου, σωθήσεται 	1	For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved 	Here the word "name" is a metonym for Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "The Lord will save everyone who trusts in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	10	14	utr4	figs-rquestion	πῶς οὖν ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν 	1	How then can they call on him in whom they have not believed? 	Paul uses a question to emphasize the importance of taking the good news of Christ to those who have not heard. The word "they" refers to those who do not yet belong to God. Alternate translation: "Those who do not believe in God cannot call on him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	10	14	lx52	figs-rquestion	πῶς ... δὲ πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν	1	How can they believe in him of whom they have not heard?	Paul uses another question for the same reason. Alternate translation: "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard his message!" or "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard the message about him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-ROM	10	14	mrl8		πιστεύσωσιν οὗ	1	believe in	Here this means to acknowledge that what that person has said is true.
-ROM	10	14	iwc1	figs-rquestion	πῶς ... δὲ ... ἀκούσωσιν χωρὶς κηρύσσοντος	1	How can they hear without a preacher?	Paul uses another question for the same reason. Alternate translation: "And they cannot hear the message if someone does not tell them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-ROM	10	15	e8rt	figs-metonymy		0	How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim good news	Paul uses "feet" to represent those who travel and bring the message to those who have not heard it. Alternate translation: "It is wonderful when messengers come and tell us the good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ROM	10	14	lx52	figs-rquestion	πῶς ... πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν 	1	How can they believe in him of whom they have not heard? 	Paul uses another question for the same reason. Alternate translation: "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard his message!" or "And they cannot believe in him if they have not heard the message about him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
+ROM	10	14	mrl8		πιστεύσωσιν 	1	believe in 	Here this means to acknowledge that what that person has said is true. 
+ROM	10	14	iwc1	figs-rquestion	πῶς ... ἀκούσωσιν χωρὶς κηρύσσοντος 	1	How can they hear without a preacher? 	Paul uses another question for the same reason. Alternate translation: "And they cannot hear the message if someone does not tell them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
+ROM	10	15	e8rt	figs-metonymy	ὡς ὡραῖοι οἱ πόδες τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων τὰ ἀγαθά!” 	1	How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim good news 	Paul uses "feet" to represent those who travel and bring the message to those who have not heard it. Alternate translation: "It is wonderful when messengers come and tell us the good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	10	16	hku8		οὐ πάντες ὑπήκουσαν 	1	not all of them obeyed 	Here "they" refers to the Jews. "not all of the Jews obeyed" 
 ROM	10	16	j3se	figs-rquestion	Κύριε, τίς ἐπίστευσεν τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν 	1	Lord, who has believed our message? 	Paul is using this question to emphasize that Isaiah prophesied in the Scriptures that many Jews would not believe in Jesus. You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: "Lord, so many of them do not believe our message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	10	16	z4s9		τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν 	1	our message 	Here, "our" refers to God and Isaiah. 
 ROM	10	17	wu5a		ἡ πίστις ἐξ ἀκοῆς 	1	faith comes from hearing 	Here "faith" refers to "believing in Christ" 
-ROM	10	17	nq87		ἀκοῆς, ἡ δὲ ἀκοὴ διὰ ῥήματος Χριστοῦ	1	hearing by the word of Christ	"hearing by listening to the message about Christ"
+ROM	10	17	nq87		ἡ ... ἀκοὴ διὰ ῥήματος Χριστοῦ 	1	hearing by the word of Christ 	"hearing by listening to the message about Christ" 
 ROM	10	18	f6jy	figs-rquestion	ἀλλὰ λέγω, μὴ οὐκ ἤκουσαν? μενοῦνγε 	1	But I say, "Did they not hear?" Yes, most certainly 	Paul uses a question for emphasis. You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: "But, I say the Jews certainly have heard the message about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) 
 ROM	10	18	s5zh	figs-parallelism	εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν, ἐξῆλθεν ὁ φθόγγος αὐτῶν; καὶ εἰς τὰ πέρατα τῆς οἰκουμένης, τὰ ῥήματα αὐτῶν 	1	Their sound has gone out into all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world. 	Both of these statements mean basically the same thing and Paul uses them for emphasis. The word "their" refers to the sun, moon, and stars. Here they are described as human messengers that tell people about God. This refers to how their existence shows God's power and glory. You can make explicit that Paul is quoting Scripture here. Alternate translation: "As the Scriptures record, 'The sun, moon, and the stars are proof of God's power and glory, and everyone in the world sees them and knows the truth about God.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	10	19	ib4m	figs-rquestion	ἀλλὰ λέγω, μὴ Ἰσραὴλ οὐκ ἔγνω 	1	Moreover, I say, "Did Israel not know?" 	Paul uses a question for emphasis. The word "Israel" is a metonym for the people who lived in the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: "Again I tell you the people of Israel did know the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-ROM	10	19	jjt3	figs-you		0	First Moses says, "I will provoke you ... I will stir you up	This means that Moses wrote down what God said. "I" refers to God, and "you" refers to the Israelites. Alternate translation: "First Moses says that God will provoke you ... God will stir you up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+ROM	10	19	jjt3	figs-you	πρῶτος Μωϋσῆς λέγει, “ ἐγὼ παραζηλώσω ὑμᾶς, ... παροργιῶ ὑμᾶς.” 	1	First Moses says, "I will provoke you ... I will stir you up 	This means that Moses wrote down what God said. "I" refers to God, and "you" refers to the Israelites. Alternate translation: "First Moses says that God will provoke you ... God will stir you up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) 
 ROM	10	19	ve6t		ἐπ’ οὐκ ἔθνει 	1	by what is not a nation 	"by those you do not consider to be a real nation" or "by people who do not belong to any nation" 
-ROM	10	19	s3nz	figs-explicit	ἐπ’ ... ἔθνει ... ἀσυνέτῳ	1	By means of a nation without understanding	Here "without understanding" means that the people do not know God. Alternate translation: "By a nation with people who do not know me or my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	10	19	s3nz	figs-explicit	ἐπ’ ἔθνει ἀσυνέτῳ 	1	By means of a nation without understanding 	Here "without understanding" means that the people do not know God. Alternate translation: "By a nation with people who do not know me or my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	10	19	g7zt		παροργιῶ ὑμᾶς 	1	I will stir you up to anger 	"I will make you angry" or "I will cause you to become angry" 
 ROM	10	19	a7k7	figs-you	ὑμᾶς	1	you	This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
 ROM	10	20	qcx2			0	General Information: 	Here the words "I," "me," and "my" refer to God. 
@@ -746,10 +746,10 @@ ROM	11	intro	e9qz			0		# Romans 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<
 ROM	11	1	p2h9			0	Connecting Statement: 	Though Israel as a nation has rejected God, God wants them to understand salvation comes by grace without works. 
 ROM	11	1	wp35		λέγω οὖν 	1	I say then 	"I, Paul, say then" 
 ROM	11	1	p4zd	figs-rquestion	μὴ ἀπώσατο ὁ Θεὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ 	1	did God reject his people? 	Paul asks this question so that he can answer the questions of other Jews who are upset that God has included the Gentiles among his people, while the hearts of the Jewish people have been hardened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	11	1	wqu2		μὴ ... γένοιτο	1	May it never be	"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md).
+ROM	11	1	wqu2		μὴ γένοιτο 	1	May it never be 	"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). 
 ROM	11	1	bc4g		φυλῆς Βενιαμείν 	1	tribe of Benjamin 	This refers to the tribe descended from Benjamin, one of the 12 tribes into which God divided the people of Israel. 
 ROM	11	2	h4qe		ὃν προέγνω 	1	whom he foreknew 	"whom he knew ahead of time" 
-ROM	11	2	cjp6	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not know what the scripture says about Elijah, how he pleaded with God against Israel?	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Surely you know what the Scriptures record about when Elijah pleaded with God against Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+ROM	11	2	cjp6	figs-rquestion	οὐκ οἴδατε ἐν Ἠλείᾳ τί λέγει ἡ Γραφή, ὡς ἐντυγχάνει τῷ Θεῷ κατὰ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ 	1	Do you not know what the scripture says about Elijah, how he pleaded with God against Israel? 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Surely you know what the Scriptures record about when Elijah pleaded with God against Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	11	2	dd1e	figs-personification	τί λέγει ἡ Γραφή 	1	what the scripture says 	Paul is referring to the Scriptures as if they were able to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	11	3	fh9i		ἀπέκτειναν	1	they have killed 	"They" refers to the people of Israel. 
 ROM	11	3	ut1s		κἀγὼ ὑπελείφθην μόνος 	1	I alone am left 	The pronoun "I" here refers to Elijah. 
@@ -761,31 +761,31 @@ ROM	11	5	ce2r		λῖμμα	1	remnant	Here this means a small part of people whom
 ROM	11	6	q6es	figs-explicit	εἰ δὲ χάριτι 	1	But if it is by grace 	Paul continues to explain how God's mercy works. Alternate translation: "But since God's mercy works by grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	11	7	k94b	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν 	1	What then? 	"What should we conclude?" Paul asks this question to move his reader to his next point. You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: "This is what we need to remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	11	8	uc8g	figs-metaphor	ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς πνεῦμα κατανύξεως”," ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν 	1	God has given them a spirit of dullness, eyes so that they should not see, and ears so that they should not hear 	This is a metaphor about the fact that the people are spiritually dull. They are not able to hear or receive spiritual truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
-ROM	11	8	z47a		πνεῦμα κατανύξεως	1	spirit of	Here this means "having the characteristics of," such as the "spirit of wisdom."
+ROM	11	8	z47a		πνεῦμα κατανύξεως 	1	spirit of dullness	Here this means "having the characteristics of," such as the "spirit of wisdom." 
 ROM	11	8	zyk1		ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν 	1	eyes so that they should not see 	The concept of seeing with one's eyes was considered to be equivalent to gaining understanding. 
 ROM	11	8	ny8w		ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν 	1	ears so that they should not hear 	The concept of hearing with the ears was considered to be equivalent to obedience. 
 ROM	11	9	kpg8	figs-metonymy	γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα, καὶ εἰς θήραν 	1	Let their table become a net and a trap 	"Table" here is a metonym that represents feasting, and "net" and "trap" are metaphors that represent punishment. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Please, God, make their feasts like a trap that catches them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	11	9	ya1g	figs-metaphor	εἰς ... θήραν, καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον	1	a stumbling block	A "stumbling block" is anything that causes a person to trip so that he falls down. Here it represents something that tempts a person to sin. Alternate translation: "something that tempts them to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	11	9	xex5		εἰς ... ἀνταπόδομα αὐτοῖς	1	a retribution for them	"something that allows you to take revenge on them"
+ROM	11	9	ya1g	figs-metaphor	σκάνδαλον	1	a stumbling block 	A "stumbling block" is anything that causes a person to trip so that he falls down. Here it represents something that tempts a person to sin. Alternate translation: "something that tempts them to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
+ROM	11	9	xex5		ἀνταπόδομα αὐτοῖς 	1	a retribution for them 	"something that allows you to take revenge on them" 
 ROM	11	10	c1nj	figs-metonymy	τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύνκαμψον 	1	bend their backs continually 	Here "bend their back" is a metonym for forcing slaves to carry heavy loads on their backs. This is a metaphor for making them suffer. Alternate translation: "make them suffer like people carrying heavy loads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	11	11	z8tw			0	Connecting Statement: 	With Israel as a nation rejecting God, Paul warns the Gentiles to be careful they do not make the same mistake. 
 ROM	11	11	r9hg	figs-rquestion	μὴ ἔπταισαν ἵνα πέσωσιν 	1	Did they stumble so as to fall? 	Paul uses this question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "Has God rejected them forever because they sinned?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	11	11	qbx4		μὴ ... γένοιτο	1	May it never be	"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md).
-ROM	11	11	f1jw			0	provoke ... to jealousy	See how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md).
+ROM	11	11	qbx4		μὴ γένοιτο 	1	May it never be 	"That is not possible!" or "Certainly not!" This expression strongly denies that this could happen. You may have a similar expression in your language that you could use here. See how you translated this in [Romans 9:14](../09/14.md). 
+ROM	11	11	f1jw		παραζηλῶσαι	1	provoke ... to jealousy 	See how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md). 
 ROM	11	12	ew4i	figs-doublet	εἰ ... τὸ παράπτωμα αὐτῶν, πλοῦτος κόσμου, καὶ τὸ ἥττημα αὐτῶν, πλοῦτος ἐθνῶν 	1	if their failure is the riches of the world, and if their loss is the riches of the Gentiles 	Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. If you need to, you can combine them in your translation. Alternate translation: "when the Jews failed spiritually, the result was that God abundantly blessed the non-Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
 ROM	11	12	dh1g		πλοῦτος κόσμου 	1	the riches of the world 	Because the Jews rejected Christ, God richly blessed the Gentiles by giving them the opportunity to receive Christ. 
-ROM	11	12	it9k		πλοῦτος κόσμου	1	the world	Here the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world, especially the Gentiles.
-ROM	11	14	ua2k		παραζηλώσω	1	provoke to jealousy	See how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md).
+ROM	11	12	it9k		κόσμου	1	the world 	Here the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world, especially the Gentiles. 
+ROM	11	14	ua2k		παραζηλώσω	1	I will provoke to jealousy 	See how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md). 
 ROM	11	14	h1qe		μου τὴν σάρκα 	1	those who are of my own flesh 	This refers to "my fellow Jews." 
-ROM	11	14	gp38	figs-explicit	καὶ σώσω τινὰς ἐξ αὐτῶν	1	Perhaps we will save some of them	God will save those who believe. Alternate translation: "Perhaps some will believe and God will save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	11	14	gp38	figs-explicit	καὶ σώσω τινὰς ἐξ αὐτῶν 	1	Perhaps I will save some of them 	God will save those who believe. Alternate translation: "Perhaps some will believe and God will save them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	11	15	es22		εἰ γὰρ ἡ ἀποβολὴ αὐτῶν καταλλαγὴ κόσμου 	1	For if their rejection means the reconciliation of the world 	"For if because God rejected them, he will reconcile the rest of the world to himself" 
 ROM	11	15	ui3i		ἡ ἀποβολὴ αὐτῶν 	1	their rejection 	The pronoun "their" refers to Jewish unbelievers. 
-ROM	11	15	m3fs	figs-metonymy	καταλλαγὴ κόσμου	1	the world	Here "the world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "the people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ROM	11	15	m3fs	figs-metonymy	κόσμου	1	the world 	Here "the world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "the people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	11	15	em8m	figs-rquestion	τίς ἡ πρόσλημψις εἰ μὴ ζωὴ ἐκ νεκρῶν 	1	what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? 	Paul asks this question to emphasize that when God accepts the Jews, it will be a wonderful thing. You can translate it in an active form. Alternate translation: "how will it be when God accepts them? It will be like they have come back to life from among the dead!" or "then when God accepts them, it will be like they have died and become alive again!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	11	15	jn4l		νεκρῶν	1	the dead 	These words speak of all dead people together in the underworld. 
-ROM	11	16	b2s5	figs-metaphor		0	If the firstfruits are reserved, so is the lump of dough	Paul is speaking of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, as if they were the first grain or "firstfruits" to be harvested. He is also speaking of the Israelites who are descendants of those men as if they were a "lump of dough" that they made from the grain. Alternate translation: "If Abraham is counted as the first of what has been offered to God, all of our ancestors who followed should also be counted as God's possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	11	16	dci1	figs-metaphor		0	If the root is reserved, so are the branches	Paul is speaking of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, as if they were the root of a tree, and the Israelites who are descendants of those men, as if they were the tree's "branches." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	11	16	d1zi	figs-metaphor		0	reserved	The people always dedicated to God the first crops that they harvested. Here "firstfruits" stands for the first people to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	11	16	b2s5	figs-metaphor	εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀπαρχὴ ἁγία, καὶ τὸ φύραμα; 	1	If the firstfruits are reserved, so is the lump of dough 	Paul is speaking of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, as if they were the first grain or "firstfruits" to be harvested. He is also speaking of the Israelites who are descendants of those men as if they were a "lump of dough" that they made from the grain. Alternate translation: "If Abraham is counted as the first of what has been offered to God, all of our ancestors who followed should also be counted as God's possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
+ROM	11	16	dci1	figs-metaphor	εἰ ἡ ῥίζα ἁγία, καὶ οἱ κλάδοι 	1	If the root is reserved, so are the branches 	Paul is speaking of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the Israelites' ancestors, as if they were the root of a tree, and the Israelites who are descendants of those men, as if they were the tree's "branches." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
+ROM	11	16	d1zi	figs-metaphor	ἁγίαν	1	reserved	The people always dedicated to God the first crops that they harvested. Here "firstfruits" stands for the first people to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	11	17	qv65	figs-you	σὺ δὲ ἀγριέλαιος ὢν 	1	if you, a wild olive branch 	The pronoun "you," and the phrase "a wild olive branch," refer to the Gentile people who have accepted salvation through Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	11	17	slf6	figs-metaphor	εἰ δέ τινες τῶν κλάδων ἐξεκλάσθησαν 	1	But if some of the branches were broken off 	Here Paul refers to the Jews who rejected Jesus as "broken branches." You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "But if someone broke off some of the branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	11	17	z6hr	figs-metaphor	ἐνεκεντρίσθης ἐν αὐτοῖς 	1	were grafted in among them 	Here Paul speaks of the Gentile Christians as if they were "grafted branches." You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God attached you to the tree among the remaining branches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
@@ -794,24 +794,24 @@ ROM	11	18	gqd6	figs-metaphor	μὴ κατακαυχῶ τῶν κλάδων	1	do
 ROM	11	18	llz1	figs-metaphor	οὐ σὺ τὴν ῥίζαν βαστάζεις, ἀλλὰ ἡ ῥίζα σέ 	1	it is not you who supports the root, but the root that supports you 	Again Paul implies that the Gentile believers are branches. God saves them only because of the covenant promises that he made to the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	11	19	mm6w	figs-metaphor	ἐξεκλάσθησαν κλάδοι 	1	Branches were broken off 	Here "branches" refers to the Jews who rejected Jesus and whom God has now rejected. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God broke branches off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	11	19	p9ti	figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ ἐνκεντρισθῶ 	1	I might be grafted in 	Paul uses this phrase to refer to the Gentile believers whom God has accepted. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "he might attach me in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	11	20	puj9			0	their ... they	The pronouns "their" and "they" refer to the Jewish people who did not believe.
+ROM	11	20	puj9		... ἐξεκλάσθησαν 	1	their ... they 	The pronouns "their" and "they" refer to the Jewish people who did not believe. 
 ROM	11	20	v2ua	figs-metaphor	σὺ δὲ τῇ πίστει ἕστηκας 	1	but you stand firm because of your faith 	Paul speaks of the Gentile believers remaining faithful as if they were standing firm and no one could move them. Alternate translation: "but you remain because of your faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	11	21	f6i7	figs-metaphor	εἰ γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς τῶν κατὰ φύσιν κλάδων οὐκ ἐφείσατο, οὐδὲ σοῦ φείσεται 	1	For if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you 	Here the "natural branches" refers to the Jewish people who rejected Jesus. Alternate translation: "Since God did not spare those unbelieving Jews, who grew up like a tree's natural branches that came from the root, then know, if you do not believe, he will not spare you either (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	11	22	xdm3		χρηστότητα καὶ ἀποτομίαν Θεοῦ 	1	the kind actions and the severity of God 	Paul is reminding the Gentile believers that although God may act very kindly toward them, he will not hesitate to judge and punish them. 
-ROM	11	22	p691	figs-abstractnouns		0	severity came on the Jews who fell ... God's kindness comes on you	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "severity" and "kindness." Alternate translation: "God dealt harshly with the Jews who fell ... but God acts kindly toward you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	11	22	scf8	figs-metaphor	τοὺς πεσόντας	1	the Jews who fell	Doing what is wrong is spoken of as if it is falling down. Alternate translation: "the Jews who have done wrong" or "the Jews who have refused to trust in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	11	22	p691	figs-abstractnouns	ἐπὶ μὲν τοὺς πεσόντας, ἀποτομία; ἐπὶ ... σὲ, χρηστότης Θεοῦ 	1	severity came on the Jews who fell ... God's kindness comes on you 	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "severity" and "kindness." Alternate translation: "God dealt harshly with the Jews who fell ... but God acts kindly toward you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 
+ROM	11	22	scf8	figs-metaphor	τοὺς πεσόντας 	1	those who fell 	Doing what is wrong is spoken of as if it is falling down. Alternate translation: "the Jews who have done wrong" or "the Jews who have refused to trust in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	11	22	z41m	figs-abstractnouns	ἐὰν ἐπιμένῃς τῇ χρηστότητι 	1	if you continue in his kindness 	This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "kindness." Alternate translation: "if you continue doing what is right so that he continues being kind to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 
 ROM	11	22	t4mk	figs-metaphor	ἐπεὶ καὶ σὺ ἐκκοπήσῃ 	1	Otherwise you also will be cut off 	Paul again uses the metaphor of a branch, which God can "cut off" if he needs to. Here "cut off" is a metaphor for rejecting someone. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Otherwise God will cut you off" or "Otherwise God will reject you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	11	23	lvk7	figs-doublenegatives	ἐὰν μὴ ἐπιμένωσι τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ 	1	if they do not continue in their unbelief 	The phrase "do not continue in their unbelief" is a double negative. You can translate this in a positive form. Alternate translation: "if the Jews start believing in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) 
 ROM	11	23	zu7k	figs-metaphor	ἐνκεντρισθήσονται	1	will be grafted in 	Paul speaks of the Jews as if they were branches that could be grafted back into a tree if they start to believe in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will graft them back in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	11	23	yjj6		ἐνκεντρίσαι	1	graft	This is a common process where the end of a live branch of one tree is inserted into another tree so that the new branch will continue to grow in that tree. 
-ROM	11	23	r5kg			0	they ... them	All occurrences of "they" or "them" refer to the Jews.
+ROM	11	23	r5kg		κἀκεῖνοι ... αὐτούς 	1	they ... them 	All occurrences of "they" or "them" refer to the Jews. 
 ROM	11	24	s1a4	figs-metaphor	εἰ γὰρ σὺ ἐκ τῆς κατὰ φύσιν ἐξεκόπης ἀγριελαίου, καὶ παρὰ φύσιν ἐνεκεντρίσθης εἰς καλλιέλαιον, πόσῳ μᾶλλον οὗτοι, οἱ κατὰ φύσιν ἐνκεντρισθήσονται τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐλαίᾳ 	1	For if you were cut out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature were grafted into a good olive tree, how much more will these Jews, who are the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive tree? 	Paul continues speaking of the Gentile believers and Jews as if they were branches of a tree. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "For if God had cut you out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature had grafted you into a good olive tree, how much more will he graft these Jews, who are the natural branches, into their own olive tree?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	11	24	yn21	figs-metaphor	οἱ κατὰ φύσιν 	1	branches	Paul is speaking of the Jews and Gentiles as if they were branches. The "natural branches" represent the Jews, and the "grafted branches" represent the Gentile believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	11	25	ye5w	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ ... θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν 	1	I do not want you to be uninformed 	Here Paul uses a double negative. You can translate this in a positive form. Alternate translation: "I very much want you to be aware" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) 
 ROM	11	25	w7lx		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. 
 ROM	11	25	q3i2		θέλω	1	I	The pronoun "I" refers to Paul. 
-ROM	11	25	sf4v			0	you ... you ... your	The pronouns "you" and "your" refer to the Gentile believers.
+ROM	11	25	sf4v		ὑμᾶς ... ἦτε ... ἑαυτοῖς 	1	you ... you ... your 	The pronouns "you" and "your" refer to the Gentile believers. 
 ROM	11	25	me1g	figs-explicit	ἵνα μὴ ἦτε παρ’ ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι 	1	in order that you will not be wise in your own thinking 	Paul does not want the Gentile believers to think they are wiser than the Jewish unbelievers. Alternate translation: "so that you will not think you are wiser than you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	11	25	ec4j	figs-metaphor	πώρωσις ἀπὸ μέρους τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γέγονεν 	1	a partial hardening has occurred in Israel 	Paul speaks of "hardening" or stubbornness as if it were a hardening of physical organs in the body. Some Jews have refused to accept salvation through Jesus. Alternate translation: "many people of Israel continue to be stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	11	25	db1x		ἄχρι οὗ τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰσέλθῃ 	1	until the completion of the Gentiles come in 	The word "until" here implies that some Jews will believe after God has finished bringing the Gentiles into the church. 
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ ROM	11	28	dr2q	figs-explicit	κατὰ ... τὴν ἐκλογὴν	1	as far as
 ROM	11	28	jas2	figs-explicit	ἀγαπητοὶ διὰ τοὺς πατέρας 	1	they are beloved because of their forefathers 	You can make explicit who loves the Jews and why Paul mentions their forefathers. You can also translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God still loves them because of what he promised to do for their ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	11	29	p2sf	figs-metaphor	ἀμεταμέλητα γὰρ τὰ χαρίσματα καὶ ἡ κλῆσις τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	For the gifts and the call of God are unchangeable 	Paul speaks of the spiritual and material blessings that God promised to give his people as if they were gifts. The call of God refers to the fact that God called the Jews to be his people. Alternate translation: "For God never changed his mind about what he has promised to give them, and about how he has called them to be his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	11	30	bj8g		ὑμεῖς ποτε ἠπειθήσατε 	1	you were formerly disobedient 	"you did not obey in the past" 
-ROM	11	30	df91	figs-explicit		0	you have received mercy because of their disobedience	Here mercy means God's undeserved blessings. Alternate translation: "because the Jews have rejected Jesus, you have received blessings that you did not deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	11	30	df91	figs-explicit	ἠλεήθητε τῇ τούτων ἀπειθείᾳ 	1	you have received mercy because of their disobedience 	Here mercy means God's undeserved blessings. Alternate translation: "because the Jews have rejected Jesus, you have received blessings that you did not deserve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	11	30	g3cn	figs-you	ὑμεῖς	1	you	This refers to Gentile believers, and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
 ROM	11	32	t6cb	figs-metaphor	συνέκλεισεν ... ὁ Θεὸς τοὺς πάντας εἰς ἀπείθειαν 	1	God has shut up all into disobedience 	God has treated people who disobey him like prisoners who are unable to escape from prison. Alternate translation: "God has made prisoners of those who disobey him. Now they cannot stop disobeying God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	11	33	x3kb	figs-doublet	ὦ βάθος πλούτου, καὶ σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως Θεοῦ 	1	Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! 	Here "wisdom" and "knowledge" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "How amazing are the many benefits of both God's wisdom and knowledge!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
@@ -844,8 +844,8 @@ ROM	12	1	d2y3	figs-explicit	παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφο
 ROM	12	1	w1mz	figs-synecdoche	παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν 	1	to present your bodies a living sacrifice 	Here Paul uses the word "bodies" to refer to the whole person. Paul is comparing a believer in Christ who completely obeys God to the animals that the Jews killed and then offered to God. Alternate translation: "to offer yourselves completely to God while you are alive as if you were a dead sacrifice on a temple altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	12	1	dwr5	figs-doublet	ἁγίαν, εὐάρεστον, τῷ Θεῷ 	1	holy, acceptable to God 	Possible meanings are 1) "a sacrifice that you give to God alone and that pleases him" or 2) "acceptable to God because it is morally pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
 ROM	12	1	tyk7		τὴν λογικὴν λατρείαν ὑμῶν 	1	This is your reasonable service 	"This is the right way to worship God" 
-ROM	12	2	clc6	figs-metaphor		0	Do not be conformed to this world	Possible meanings are 1) "Do not behave as the world behaves" or 2) "Do not think the way the world does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	12	2	pyb6	figs-activepassive		0	Do not be conformed	Possible meanings are 1) "Do not let the world tell you what to do and think" or 2) "Do not allow yourself to act and do what the world does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	12	2	clc6	figs-metaphor	μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 	1	Do not be conformed to this world 	Possible meanings are 1) "Do not behave as the world behaves" or 2) "Do not think the way the world does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
+ROM	12	2	pyb6	figs-activepassive	μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 	1	Do not be conformed 	Possible meanings are 1) "Do not let the world tell you what to do and think" or 2) "Do not allow yourself to act and do what the world does." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	12	2	d2qq	figs-metonymy	τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 	1	this world 	This refers to unbelievers who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	12	2	na8p	figs-activepassive	ἀλλὰ μεταμορφοῦσθε τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός 	1	but be transformed by the renewal of your mind 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "but let God change the way you think and behave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	12	3	nyc2	figs-explicit	διὰ τῆς χάριτος τῆς δοθείσης μοι 	1	because of the grace that was given to me 	Here "grace" refers to God's choosing Paul to be an apostle and leader of the church. You can make this explicit in your translation. You can also translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "because God freely chose me to be an apostle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
@@ -856,58 +856,58 @@ ROM	12	4	zm8p		γὰρ	1	For	Paul uses this word to show that he will now explai
 ROM	12	4	v2pi	figs-metaphor	ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι, πολλὰ μέλη ἔχομεν 	1	we have many members in one body 	Paul refers to all the believers in Christ as if they were different parts of the human body. He does this to illustrate that although believers may serve Christ in different ways, each person belongs to Christ and serves in an important way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	12	4	v5iy		μέλη	1	members	These are such things as eyes, stomachs, and hands. 
 ROM	12	5	dhx8	figs-metaphor	τὸ δὲ καθ’ εἷς ἀλλήλων μέλη 	1	are individually members of each other 	Paul speaks of the believers as if God had physically joined them together like the parts of the human body. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God has joined each believer together with all other believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	12	6	hrr1	figs-metaphor		0	We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us	Paul speaks of believers' different abilities as being free gifts from God. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God has freely given each of us the ability to do different things for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	12	6	bnk9		κατὰ τὴν ... ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως	1	let it be done according to the proportion of his faith	Possible meanings are 1) "let him speak prophecies that do not go beyond the amount of faith God has given us" or 2) "let him speak prophecies that agree with the teachings of our faith."
-ROM	12	8	m2as	figs-explicit	ὁ ... μεταδιδοὺς	1	If one's gift is giving	Here "giving" refers to giving money and other things to people. You can make this meaning explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "If one has the gift of giving money or other goods to people in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	12	6	hrr1	figs-metaphor	ἔχοντες δὲ χαρίσματα κατὰ τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν διάφορα 	1	We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us 	Paul speaks of believers' different abilities as being free gifts from God. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God has freely given each of us the ability to do different things for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
+ROM	12	6	bnk9		κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως 	1	let it be done according to the proportion of his faith 	Possible meanings are 1) "let him speak prophecies that do not go beyond the amount of faith God has given us" or 2) "let him speak prophecies that agree with the teachings of our faith." 
+ROM	12	8	m2as	figs-explicit	ὁ μεταδιδοὺς 	1	giving 	Here "giving" refers to giving money and other things to people. You can make this meaning explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "If one has the gift of giving money or other goods to people in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	12	9	iv5h	figs-activepassive	ἡ ἀγάπη ἀνυπόκριτος 	1	Let love be without hypocrisy 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "You must love people sincerely and truly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	12	9	eaw7		ἡ ἀγάπη 	1	love	The word Paul uses here refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. 
 ROM	12	9	mr8i		ἡ ἀγάπη 	1	love	This is another word that means brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. 
 ROM	12	10	ng86		τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ ... φιλόστοργοι 	1	Concerning love of the brothers, be affectionate 	Here Paul begins a list of nine items, each of the form "Concerning ... be" to tell the believers what kind of people they should be. You may need to translate some of the items as "Concerning ... do." The list continues to [Romans 12:13](../12/13.md). 
 ROM	12	10	ux2y		τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ 	1	Concerning love of the brothers 	"As for how you love your fellow believers" 
 ROM	12	10	lcg8	figs-activepassive	φιλόστοργοι	1	be affectionate 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "show affection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	12	10	tj57		τῇ ... τιμῇ ἀλλήλους προηγούμενοι	1	Concerning honor, respect one another	"Honor and respect one another" or "Honor your fellow believers by respecting them"
+ROM	12	10	tj57		τῇ τιμῇ ἀλλήλους προηγούμενοι 	1	Concerning honor, respect one another 	"Honor and respect one another" or "Honor your fellow believers by respecting them" 
 ROM	12	11	iu2i		τῇ σπουδῇ μὴ ὀκνηροί, τῷ πνεύματι ζέοντες, τῷ Κυρίῳ δουλεύοντες 	1	Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant. Concerning the spirit, be eager. Concerning the Lord, serve him 	"Do not be lazy in your duty, but be eager to follow the Spirit and to serve the Lord" 
-ROM	12	12	l3es		τῇ ... θλίψει ὑπομένοντες	1	be patient in suffering	"Wait patiently whenever you have troubles"
+ROM	12	12	l3es		τῇ θλίψει ὑπομένοντες 	1	be patient in suffering 	"Wait patiently whenever you have troubles" 
 ROM	12	13	vk5h		ταῖς χρείαις τῶν ἁγίων κοινωνοῦντες 	1	Share in the needs of the saints 	This is the last item in the list that began in [Romans 12:9](../12/09.md). "When fellow Christians are in trouble, help them with what they need" 
-ROM	12	13	exd8			0	Find many ways to show hospitality	"Always welcome them into your home when they need a place to stay"
+ROM	12	13	exd8		τὴν φιλοξενίαν διώκοντες 	1	Find many ways to show hospitality 	"Always welcome them into your home when they need a place to stay" 
 ROM	12	16	hwd1	figs-idiom	τὸ αὐτὸ εἰς ἀλλήλους φρονοῦντες 	1	Be of the same mind toward one another 	This is an idiom that means to live in unity. Alternate translation: "Agree with one another" or "Live in unity with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 ROM	12	16	ar7y		μὴ τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονοῦντες 	1	Do not think in proud ways 	"Do not think that you are more important than others" 
 ROM	12	16	cc23		τοῖς ταπεινοῖς συναπαγόμενοι 	1	accept lowly people 	"welcome people who do not seem important" 
-ROM	12	16	h469		μὴ ... γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι παρ’ ἑαυτοῖς	1	Do not be wise in your own thoughts	"Do not think of yourselves as having more wisdom than everyone else"
+ROM	12	16	h469		μὴ γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι παρ’ ἑαυτοῖς 	1	Do not be wise in your own thoughts 	"Do not think of yourselves as having more wisdom than everyone else" 
 ROM	12	17	h2tz		μηδενὶ κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδόντες 	1	Repay no one evil for evil 	"Do not do evil things to someone who has done evil things to you" 
 ROM	12	17	fzh8		προνοούμενοι καλὰ ἐνώπιον πάντων ἀνθρώπων 	1	Do good things in the sight of all people 	"Do things that everyone considers to be good" 
 ROM	12	18	pgt7		τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν, μετὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων εἰρηνεύοντες 	1	as far as it depends on you, live at peace with all people 	"do whatever you can to live in peace with everyone" 
-ROM	12	19	ew6x	figs-metonymy	δότε τόπον τῇ ὀργῇ	1	give way to the wrath of God	Here "wrath" is a metonym for God's punishment. Alternate translation: "allow God to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ROM	12	19	ew6x	figs-metonymy	δότε τόπον τῇ ὀργῇ 	1	give way to his wrath	Here "wrath" is a metonym for God's punishment. Alternate translation: "allow God to punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	12	19	ns3b	figs-activepassive	γέγραπται γάρ 	1	For it is written 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "For someone has written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	12	19	l2i8	figs-parallelism	ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις; ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω 	1	Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay 	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God will avenge his people. Alternate translation: "I will certainly avenge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 
-ROM	12	20	c4ig	figs-you		0	your enemy ... feed him ... give him a drink ... if you do this, you will heap	All forms of "you" and "your" are addressed as to one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
-ROM	12	20	q7dq			0	But if your enemy is hungry ... his head	In 12:20 Paul quotes another part of Scripture. Alternate translation: "But the Scripture also says, 'If your enemy is hungry ... his head'"
+ROM	12	20	c4ig	figs-you	ὁ ἐχθρός σου, ψώμιζε αὐτόν; ... πότιζε αὐτόν; τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν, ... σωρεύσεις 	1	your enemy ... feed him ... give him a drink ... if you do this, you will heap 	All forms of "you" and "your" are addressed as to one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
+ROM	12	20	q7dq		“ ἀλλὰ ἐὰν πεινᾷ ὁ ἐχθρός σου, ψώμιζε αὐτόν; ἐὰν διψᾷ, πότιζε αὐτόν; τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν, ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ.” 	1	But if your enemy is hungry ... his head 	In 12:20 Paul quotes another part of Scripture. Alternate translation: "But the Scripture also says, 'If your enemy is hungry ... his head'" 
 ROM	12	20	e49j		ψώμιζε αὐτόν 	1	feed him 	"give him some food" 
-ROM	12	20	wce6	figs-metaphor	ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ	1	heap coals of fire on his head	Paul speaks of the blessings that the enemies will receive as if someone were pouring hot coals on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) "make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you" or 2) "give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	20	wce6	figs-metaphor	ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ 	1	You will heap coals of fire on his head 	Paul speaks of the blessings that the enemies will receive as if someone were pouring hot coals on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) "make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you" or 2) "give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	12	21	q761	figs-personification	μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν 	1	Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good 	Paul describes "evil" as though it were a person. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Do not let those who are evil defeat you, but defeat those who are evil by doing what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	12	21	p7fd	figs-you	μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ... τὸ κακόν 	1	Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil 	These verbs are addressed as to one person and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
 ROM	13	intro	l4q7			0		# Romans 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In the first part of this chapter, Paul teaches Christians to obey rulers who govern them. At that time, ungodly Roman rulers governed the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ungodly rulers<br>When Paul teaches about obeying rulers, some readers will find this difficult to understand, especially in places where rulers persecute the church. Christians must obey their rulers as well as obey God, unless the rulers do not allow Christians to do something God explicitly commands them to do. There are times when a believer must submit to these rulers and suffer at their hands. Christians understand that this world is temporary and they will ultimately be with God forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>This is a complex issue. "Flesh" is possibly a metaphor for our sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive ("in the flesh"), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) 
 ROM	13	1	v5ik			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul tells believers how to live under their rulers. 
-ROM	13	1	b8nf	figs-synecdoche	πᾶσα ψυχὴ ἐξουσίαις ... ὑποτασσέσθω	1	Let every soul be obedient to	Here "soul" is a synecdoche for the whole person. "Every Christian should obey" or "Everyone should obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+ROM	13	1	b8nf	figs-synecdoche	πᾶσα ψυχὴ ... ὑποτασσέσθω 	1	Let every soul be obedient to 	Here "soul" is a synecdoche for the whole person. "Every Christian should obey" or "Everyone should obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
 ROM	13	1	g1by		ἐξουσίαις ὑπερεχούσαις 	1	higher authorities 	"government officials" 
 ROM	13	1	emi2		γὰρ	1	for	because
 ROM	13	1	wii2		οὐ ... ἔστιν ἐξουσία, εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ Θεοῦ 	1	there is no authority unless it comes from God 	"all authority comes from God" 
 ROM	13	1	j3lr	figs-activepassive	αἱ δὲ οὖσαι ὑπὸ Θεοῦ τεταγμέναι εἰσίν 	1	The authorities that exist have been appointed by God 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "And the people who are in authority are there because God put them there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	13	2	ui8y		τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ 	1	that authority 	"that government authority" or "the authority that God placed in power" 
-ROM	13	2	dsa3	figs-activepassive		0	those who oppose it will receive judgment on themselves	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will judge those who oppose government authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	13	3	m3yf		οἱ γὰρ ἄρχοντες	1	For	Paul uses this word to begin his explanation of [Romans 13:2](../13/02.md) and to tell about what will result if the government condemns a person.
-ROM	13	3	c2xa		οἱ γὰρ ἄρχοντες οὐκ εἰσὶν φόβος	1	rulers are not a terror	Rulers do not make good people afraid.
-ROM	13	3	jt2z			0	to good deeds ... to evil deeds	People are identified with their "good deeds" or "evil deeds."
+ROM	13	2	dsa3	figs-activepassive	οἱ ... ἀνθεστηκότες, ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται 	1	those who oppose it will receive judgment on themselves 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will judge those who oppose government authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
+ROM	13	3	m3yf		γὰρ 	1	For	Paul uses this word to begin his explanation of [Romans 13:2](../13/02.md) and to tell about what will result if the government condemns a person. 
+ROM	13	3	c2xa		οἱ ... ἄρχοντες οὐκ εἰσὶν φόβος 	1	rulers are not a terror 	Rulers do not make good people afraid. 
+ROM	13	3	jt2z		τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἔργῳ, ... τῷ κακῷ 	1	to good deeds ... to evil deeds 	People are identified with their "good deeds" or "evil deeds." 
 ROM	13	3	z4sq	figs-rquestion	θέλεις δὲ μὴ φοβεῖσθαι τὴν ἐξουσίαν 	1	Do you desire to be unafraid of the one in authority? 	Paul uses this question to get people to think about what they need to do in order not to be afraid of rulers. Alternate translation: "Let me tell you how you can be unafraid of the ruler." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
 ROM	13	3	ahl9		ἕξεις ἔπαινον ἐξ αὐτῆς 	1	you will receive his approval 	The government will say good things about people who do what is good. 
 ROM	13	4	ink8	figs-litotes	οὐ ... εἰκῇ τὴν μάχαιραν φορεῖ 	1	he does not carry the sword for no reason 	You can translate this in a positive form. Alternate translation: "he carries the sword for a very good reason" or "he has the power to punish people, and he will punish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) 
 ROM	13	4	s3vz	figs-metonymy	τὴν μάχαιραν φορεῖ 	1	carry the sword 	Roman governors carried a short sword as a symbol of their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	13	4	au7j	figs-metonymy	ἔκδικος εἰς ὀργὴν 	1	an avenger for wrath 	Here "wrath" represents the punishment people receive when they do evil deeds. Alternate translation: "a person who punishes people as an expression of the government's anger against evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	13	5	q81v		οὐ μόνον διὰ τὴν ὀργὴν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν 	1	not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience 	"not only so the government will not punish you, but also so you will have a clear conscience before God" 
-ROM	13	6	r1jy		διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ	1	Because of this	"Because the government punishes evildoers"
+ROM	13	6	r1jy		διὰ τοῦτο 	1	Because of this 	"Because the government punishes evildoers" 
 ROM	13	6	r4b3	figs-you	τελεῖτε	1	you pay 	Paul is addressing the believers here, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
-ROM	13	6	hy4f		γὰρ ... εἰσιν	1	For authorities	"This is why you should pay taxes: authorities"
-ROM	13	6	j1jm		εἰς ... προσκαρτεροῦντες	1	attend to	"administer" or "work on"
+ROM	13	6	hy4f		γὰρ ... εἰσιν 	1	For they are 	"This is why you should pay taxes: authorities" 
+ROM	13	6	j1jm		προσκαρτεροῦντες	1	who attend to ... continually	"administer" or "work on" 
 ROM	13	7	z9cn	figs-you	ἀπόδοτε πᾶσι 	1	Pay to everyone 	Paul is addressing the believers here, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
 ROM	13	7	wg2l	figs-ellipsis	τῷ τὸν φόρον, τὸν φόρον; τῷ τὸ τέλος, τὸ τέλος; τῷ τὸν φόβον, τὸν φόβον; τῷ τὴν τιμὴν, τὴν τιμήν 	1	Tax to whom tax is due, toll to whom toll is due; fear to whom fear is due, honor to whom honor is due. 	The word "Pay" is understood from the previous sentence. Alternate translation: "Pay tax to whom tax is due and toll to whom toll is due. Pay fear to whom fear is due and honor to him to whom honor is due" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 
 ROM	13	7	nwi2	figs-metaphor	τῷ τὸν ... φόβον, τὸν φόβον; τῷ τὴν τιμὴν, τὴν τιμήν 	1	fear to whom fear is due, honor to whom honor is due 	Here paying fear and honor is a metaphor for fearing and honoring those who deserve to be feared and honored. Alternate translation: "Fear those who deserve to be feared, and honor those who deserved to be honored" or "Respect those whom you ought to respect, and honor those whom you ought to honor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
@@ -919,12 +919,12 @@ ROM	13	8	ay3n		εἰ μὴ τὸ ἀλλήλους ἀγαπᾶν	1	except to lo
 ROM	13	8	i5au		ἀγαπᾶν	1	love	This refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. 
 ROM	13	9	wad4		ἐπιθυμήσεις	1	covet	to desire to have or possess something that another person possesses. 
 ROM	13	10	vy62	figs-personification	ἡ ἀγάπη τῷ πλησίον κακὸν οὐκ ἐργάζεται 	1	Love does not harm one's neighbor 	This phrase portrays love as a person who is being kind to other people. Alternate translation: "People who love their neighbors do not harm them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
-ROM	13	11	b6l3	figs-metaphor	εἰδότες τὸν καιρόν, ὅτι ὥρα ἤδη ὑμᾶς ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι	1	you know the time, that it is already time for you to awake out of sleep	Paul speaks of the need for the Roman believers to change their behavior as if they needed to wake up from being asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	13	11	b6l3	figs-metaphor	εἰδότες τὸν καιρόν, ὅτι ὥρα ἤδη ὑμᾶς ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι 	1	we know the time, that it is already time for us to awake out of sleep 	Paul speaks of the need for the Roman believers to change their behavior as if they needed to wake up from being asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	13	12	ahn4	figs-metaphor	ἡ νὺξ προέκοψεν 	1	The night has advanced 	Paul speaks of the time when people do evil deeds as night. Alternate translation: "The sinful time is almost over" or "It is as though the night is almost finished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	13	12	p7xp	figs-metaphor	ἡ ... ἡμέρα ἤγγικεν 	1	the day has come near 	Paul speaks of the time when people do what is right as the day. Alternate translation: "the time of righteousness will begin soon" or "it is as though it will soon be day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	13	12	bb8t	figs-metaphor	ἀποθώμεθα οὖν τὰ ἔργα τοῦ σκότους 	1	Let us therefore put aside the works of darkness 	Paul speaks of of "works of darkness" as if they are clothing that a person puts aside. Here to "put aside" means to stop doing something. Here "darkness" is a metaphor for evil. Alternate translation: "Let us therefore stop doing the evil things that people do in the dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	13	12	y5n4	figs-metaphor	ἐνδυσώμεθα ... τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός 	1	let us put on the armor of light 	Here "light" is a metaphor for what is good and right. Paul speaks of doing what is right as if it were putting on armor to protect one's self. Alternate translation: "let us start doing what is right. Doing this will protect us from what is evil like armor protects a solider" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
-ROM	13	13	gv4q	figs-inclusive	περιπατήσωμεν	1	Let us	Paul includes his readers and other believers with himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
+ROM	13	13	gv4q	figs-inclusive	περιπατήσωμεν	1	Let us walk	Paul includes his readers and other believers with himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	13	13	e6ij	figs-metaphor	ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ εὐσχημόνως περιπατήσωμεν 	1	Let us walk appropriately, as in the day 	Paul speaks of living as true believers as if one were walking while it is day. Alternate translation: "Let us walk in a visible way knowing that everyone can see us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	13	13	qes3	figs-doublet	κοίταις καὶ ἀσελγείαις 	1	in sexual immorality or in uncontrolled lust 	These concepts mean basically the same thing. You can combine them in your translation. Alternate translation: "sexually immoral acts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
 ROM	13	13	h6xl		ἔριδι	1	strife	This refers to plotting against and arguing with other people. 
@@ -934,30 +934,30 @@ ROM	13	14	j795		ἐνδύσασθε	1	put on	If your language has a plural form
 ROM	13	14	xre7	figs-metonymy	τῆς σαρκὸς πρόνοιαν μὴ ποιεῖσθε 	1	make no provision for the flesh 	Here the "flesh" refers to the self-directed nature of people who oppose God. This is the sinful nature of human beings. Alternate translation: "do not allow your old evil heart any opportunity at all for doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	14	intro	kt8c			0		# Romans 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 11 of this chapter, which Paul quotes from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Weak in faith<br><br>Paul teaches that Christians can have real faith and at the same time be "weak in faith" in a given situation. This describes Christians whose faith is immature, not strong, or misunderstood. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Dietary restrictions<br><br>Many religions in the ancient Near East restricted what was eaten. Christians have freedom to eat what they want. But they need to use this freedom wisely, in a way that honors the Lord and does not cause others to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### The judgment seat of God<br><br>The judgment seat of God or Christ represents a time when all people, including Christians, will be held accountable for the way they lived their lives.<br> 
 ROM	14	1	abm6			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul encourages believers to remember that they are answerable to God. 
-ROM	14	1	jf8v		τὸν δὲ ἀσθενοῦντα τῇ πίστει	1	weak in faith	This refers to those who felt guilty over eating and drinking certain things.
+ROM	14	1	jf8v		ἀσθενοῦντα τῇ πίστει 	1	weak in faith 	This refers to those who felt guilty over eating and drinking certain things. 
 ROM	14	1	p697		μὴ εἰς διακρίσεις διαλογισμῶν 	1	without giving judgment about arguments 	"and do not condemn them for their opinions" 
 ROM	14	2	ii8g		ὃς μὲν πιστεύει φαγεῖν πάντα 	1	One person has faith to eat anything 	Here "faith" refers to doing what a person believes God is telling him to do. 
 ROM	14	2	n2n6		ὁ ... ἀσθενῶν λάχανα ἐσθίει 	1	another who is weak eats only vegetables 	This describes a person who believes God does not want him to eat meat. 
 ROM	14	4	q9bx	figs-rquestion	σὺ τίς εἶ, ὁ κρίνων ἀλλότριον οἰκέτην 	1	Who are you, you who judge a servant belonging to someone else? 	Paul is using a question to scold those who are judging others. You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: "You are not God, and you are not allowed to judge one of his servants!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 
-ROM	14	4	xq7r	figs-you	σὺ ... ὁ κρίνων	1	you, you	The form of "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
+ROM	14	4	xq7r	figs-you	σὺ ... ὁ κρίνων 	1	you, who judges	The form of "you" here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
 ROM	14	4	ba38	figs-metaphor	τῷ ἰδίῳ κυρίῳ στήκει ἢ πίπτει 	1	It is before his own master that he stands or falls 	Paul speaks of God as if he were a master who owned servants. Alternate translation: "Only the master can decide if he will accept the servant or not" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	14	4	cp9y	figs-metaphor	σταθήσεται δέ, δυνατεῖ γὰρ ὁ Κύριος στῆσαι αὐτόν 	1	But he will be made to stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand 	Paul speaks of the servant who is acceptable to God as if he were being "made to stand" instead of falling. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "But the Lord will accept him because he is able to make the servant acceptable" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	14	5	x7j2			0	One person values one day above another. Another values every day equally	"One person thinks one day is more important than all the others, but another person thinks that all days are the same"
+ROM	14	5	x7j2		ὃς μὲν κρίνει ἡμέραν παρ’ ἡμέραν; ὃς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν. 	1	One person values one day above another. Another values every day equally 	"One person thinks one day is more important than all the others, but another person thinks that all days are the same" 
 ROM	14	5	m511	figs-explicit	ἕκαστος ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ νοῒ, πληροφορείσθω 	1	Let each person be convinced in his own mind 	You can make the full meaning explicit. You can also translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Let each person be sure what he is doing is to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	14	6	pfn6	figs-explicit	ὁ φρονῶν τὴν ἡμέραν, Κυρίῳ φρονεῖ 	1	He who observes the day, observes it for the Lord 	Here "observes" refers to worshiping. Alternate translation: "The person who worships on a certain day does it to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	14	6	esu5	figs-ellipsis	ὁ ... ἐσθίων	1	he who eats	The word "everything" is understood from [Romans 14:3](../14/03.md). It can be repeatd here. Alternate translation: "the person who eats every kind of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-ROM	14	6	f9tm		ὁ ... ἐσθίων, Κυρίῳ ἐσθίει	1	eats for the Lord	"eats to honor the Lord" or "eats that way in order to honor the Lord"
-ROM	14	6	jh8j	figs-ellipsis	καὶ ὁ ... μὴ ἐσθίων	1	He who does not eat	The word "everything" is understood from [Romans 14:3](../14/03.md). It can be repeatd here. Alternate translation: "He who does not eat everything" or "The person who does not eat certain kinds of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+ROM	14	6	esu5	figs-ellipsis	ὁ ἐσθίων 	1	he who eats 	The word "everything" is understood from [Romans 14:3](../14/03.md). It can be repeatd here. Alternate translation: "the person who eats every kind of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 
+ROM	14	6	f9tm		Κυρίῳ ἐσθίει 	1	eats for the Lord 	"eats to honor the Lord" or "eats that way in order to honor the Lord" 
+ROM	14	6	jh8j	figs-ellipsis	καὶ ὁ μὴ ἐσθίων 	1	He who does not eat 	The word "everything" is understood from [Romans 14:3](../14/03.md). It can be repeatd here. Alternate translation: "He who does not eat everything" or "The person who does not eat certain kinds of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 
 ROM	14	7	txm3	figs-explicit	οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἡμῶν ἑαυτῷ ζῇ 	1	For none of us lives for himself 	Here "lives for himself" means to live only to please oneself. Alternate translation: "None of us should live merely to please ourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	14	7	u9ar	figs-inclusive	οὐδεὶς ... ἡμῶν 	1	none of us 	Paul is including his readers, so this is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
-ROM	14	7	c9ls	figs-explicit	οὐδεὶς ... ἑαυτῷ ... ἀποθνῄσκει	1	none dies for himself	This means one's death affects other people. Alternate translation: "none of us should think that when we die, it affects only us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	14	7	c9ls	figs-explicit	οὐδεὶς ἑαυτῷ ἀποθνῄσκει 	1	none dies for himself 	This means one's death affects other people. Alternate translation: "none of us should think that when we die, it affects only us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	14	8	s3lb	figs-inclusive		0	General Information: 	Paul is speaking of both himself and his readers, so all instances of "we" are inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	14	10	db9a	figs-you	τί κρίνεις τὸν ἀδελφόν σου? ἢ καὶ σὺ τί ἐξουθενεῖς τὸν ἀδελφόν σου 	1	why do you judge your brother? And you, why do you despise your brother? 	By using these questions, Paul is demonstrating how he might need to scold individuals among his readers. Alternate translation: "it is wrong for you to judge your brother, and it is wrong for you to despise your brother!" or "stop judging and despising your brother!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
 ROM	14	10	al55		τὸν ἀδελφόν 	1	brother	Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. 
 ROM	14	10	jq85	figs-metonymy	πάντες γὰρ παραστησόμεθα τῷ βήματι τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God 	The "judgment seat" refers to God's authority to judge. Alternate translation: "For God will judge us all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-ROM	14	11	fel6	figs-activepassive	γέγραπται γάρ ... ἐγώ	1	For it is written, "As	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "For someone has written in the Scriptures: 'As" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	14	11	fel6	figs-activepassive	γέγραπται γάρ ... ἐγώ 	1	For it is written, "As I	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "For someone has written in the Scriptures: 'As" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	14	11	tf76	figs-explicit	ζῶ ἐγώ 	1	As I live 	This phrase is used to start an oath or solemn promise. Alternate translation: "You can be certain that this is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	14	11	sb6q	figs-synecdoche	τῷ Θεῷ	1	to me every knee will bend, and every tongue will confess to God	Paul uses the words "knee" and "tongue" to refer to the whole person. Also, the Lord uses the word "God" to refer to himself. Alternate translation: "every person will bow and give praise to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
+ROM	14	11	sb6q	figs-synecdoche	ἐμοὶ κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ, καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσεται τῷ Θεῷ 	1	to me every knee will bend, and every tongue will confess to God 	Paul uses the words "knee" and "tongue" to refer to the whole person. Also, the Lord uses the word "God" to refer to himself. Alternate translation: "every person will bow and give praise to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 
 ROM	14	12	nsy8		περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, λόγον δώσει τῷ Θεῷ 	1	will give an account of himself to God 	"will have to explain our actions to God" 
 ROM	14	13	ia62	figs-doublet	ἀλλὰ τοῦτο κρίνατε μᾶλλον, τὸ μὴ τιθέναι πρόσκομμα τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἢ σκάνδαλον 	1	but instead decide this, that no one will place a stumbling block or a snare for his brother 	Here "stumbling block" and "snare" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "but instead make it your goal not to do or say anything that might cause a fellow believer to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
 ROM	14	13	cx4s		τῷ ἀδελφῷ 	1	brother	Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. 
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ ROM	14	14	t7gc	figs-doublet	οἶδα καὶ πέπεισμαι ἐν Κυρί
 ROM	14	14	fuk1	figs-doublenegatives	οὐδὲν κοινὸν δι’ ἑαυτοῦ 	1	nothing is unclean by itself 	You can translate this in a positive form. Alternate translation: "everything by itself is clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) 
 ROM	14	14	mjc5		δι’ ἑαυτοῦ 	1	by itself 	"by its nature" or "because of what it is" 
 ROM	14	14	w3gg	figs-explicit	εἰ μὴ τῷ λογιζομένῳ τι κοινὸν εἶναι, ἐκείνῳ κοινόν 	1	Only for him who considers anything to be unclean, for him it is unclean 	Paul implies here that a person should stay away from anything that he thinks is unclean. You can make this explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "But if a person thinks something is unclean, then for that person it is unclean and he should stay away from it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	14	15	iw7w		εἰ γὰρ διὰ βρῶμα, ὁ ἀδελφός σου λυπεῖται	1	If because of food your brother is hurt	"If you hurt your fellow believer's faith over the matter of food." Here the word "your" refers to those who are strong in faith and "brother" refers to those who are weak in faith.
+ROM	14	15	iw7w		εἰ ... διὰ βρῶμα, ὁ ἀδελφός σου λυπεῖται 	1	If because of food your brother is hurt 	"If you hurt your fellow believer's faith over the matter of food." Here the word "your" refers to those who are strong in faith and "brother" refers to those who are weak in faith. 
 ROM	14	15	ln42		ὁ ἀδελφός 	1	brother	Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. 
 ROM	14	15	bj8v	figs-metaphor	οὐκέτι κατὰ ἀγάπην περιπατεῖς 	1	you are no longer walking in love 	Paul speaks of the behavior of believers as if it were a walk. Alternate translation: "then you are no longer showing love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	14	16	gl48		μὴ βλασφημείσθω οὖν ὑμῶν τὸ ἀγαθόν 	1	So do not allow what you consider to be good to be spoken of as evil 	"If someone thinks that something is evil, do not do it, even if you consider it to be good" 
@@ -974,13 +974,13 @@ ROM	14	18	am8m	figs-activepassive	δόκιμος τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1
 ROM	14	19	i3rv	figs-explicit	τὰ τῆς εἰρήνης διώκωμεν, καὶ τὰ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τῆς εἰς ἀλλήλους 	1	let us pursue the things of peace and the things that build up one another 	Here "build up one another" refers to helping each other grow in faith. Alternate translation: "let us seek to live peacefully together and help one another grow stronger in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	14	20	p65h	figs-explicit	μὴ ἕνεκεν βρώματος, κατάλυε τὸ ἔργον τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	Do not destroy the work of God because of food 	You can make explicit the full meaning of this sentence. Alternate translation: "Do not undo what God has done for a fellow believer just because you want to eat a certain kind of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	14	20	dk72	figs-explicit	ἀλλὰ κακὸν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τῷ διὰ προσκόμματος ἐσθίοντι 	1	but it is evil for that person who eats and causes him to stumble 	Here anything that "causes him to stumble" means it causes a weaker brother to do something that is against his conscience. Alternate translation: "but it would be a sin for someone to eat food, which another brother thinks is wrong to eat, if by eating this causes the weaker brother to do something that is against his conscience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	14	21	mrr4			0	It is good not to eat meat, nor to drink wine, nor anything by which your brother takes offense	"It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything else that might cause your brother to sin"
+ROM	14	21	mrr4		καλὸν τὸ μὴ φαγεῖν κρέα, μηδὲ πιεῖν οἶνον, μηδὲ ἐν ᾧ ὁ ἀδελφός σου προσκόπτει 	1	It is good not to eat meat, nor to drink wine, nor anything by which your brother takes offense 	"It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything else that might cause your brother to sin" 
 ROM	14	21	iq9g		ὁ ἀδελφός 	1	brother	Here this means a fellow Christian, male or female. 
 ROM	14	21	e1du		σου	1	your	This refers to the strong in faith and "brother" refers to the weak in faith. 
 ROM	14	22	hjk9		σὺ πίστιν ἣν ἔχεις 	1	The faith you have 	This refers back to the beliefs about food and drink. 
-ROM	14	22	b3hi	figs-you		0	you ... yourself	singular. Because Paul is addressing the believers, you may have to translate this using plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
+ROM	14	22	b3hi	figs-you	σὺ ... σεαυτὸν 	1	you ... yourself 	singular. Because Paul is addressing the believers, you may have to translate this using plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 
 ROM	14	22	r53r		μακάριος ὁ μὴ κρίνων ἑαυτὸν ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει 	1	Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself by what he approves 	"Blessed are those who do not feel guilty for what they decide to do" 
-ROM	14	23	s1ph	figs-activepassive		0	He who doubts is condemned if he eats	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will say that the person does wrong if he is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but he eats it anyway" or "The person who is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but then eats it anyway will have a troubled conscience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	14	23	s1ph	figs-activepassive	ὁ δὲ διακρινόμενος, ἐὰν φάγῃ, κατακέκριται 	1	He who doubts is condemned if he eats 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will say that the person does wrong if he is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but he eats it anyway" or "The person who is not sure if it is right to eat a certain food, but then eats it anyway will have a troubled conscience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	14	23	yr44	figs-explicit	ὅτι οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως 	1	because it is not from faith 	Anything that is "not from faith" is something that God does not want you to do. You can make explicit the full meaning here. Alternate translation: "God will say that he is wrong because he is eating something he believes God does not want him to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	14	23	tr9i	figs-explicit	πᾶν δὲ ὃ οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως, ἁμαρτία ἐστίν 	1	whatever is not from faith is sin 	Anything that is "not from faith" is something that God does not want you to do. You can make explicit the full meaning here. Alternate translation: "you are sinning if you do something that you do not believe God wants you to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	15	intro	ae9u			0		# Romans 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 9-11 and 21 of this chapter, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>Some translations set prose quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words in verse 12.<br><br>In [Romans 15:14](../../rom/15/14.md), Paul begins to speak more personally. He shifts from teaching to telling of his personal plans.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Strong/Weak<br>These terms are used to refer to people who are mature and immature in their faith. Paul teaches that those who are strong in faith need to help those who are weak in faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br> 
@@ -988,15 +988,15 @@ ROM	15	1	cx66			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul concludes this section about believ
 ROM	15	1	u19s		δὲ	1	Now	Translate this using the words your language uses to introduce a new idea into an argument. 
 ROM	15	1	u73x	figs-explicit	ἡμεῖς, οἱ δυνατοὶ 	1	we who are strong 	Here "strong" refers to the people who are strong in their faith. They believe that God allows them to eat any kind of food. Alternate translation: "we who are strong in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	15	1	dx9d	figs-inclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	This refers to Paul, his readers, and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
-ROM	15	1	cv61	figs-explicit	τῶν ἀδυνάτων	1	the weak	Here "the weak" refers to the people who are weak in their faith. They believe that God does not allow them to eat some kinds of food. Alternate translation: "those who are weak in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	15	2	z2k8	figs-explicit	πρὸς οἰκοδομήν	1	to build him up	By this, Paul means to strengthen someone's faith. Alternate translation: "to strengthen his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	15	1	cv61	figs-explicit	τῶν ἀδυνάτων 	1	of the weak 	Here "the weak" refers to the people who are weak in their faith. They believe that God does not allow them to eat some kinds of food. Alternate translation: "those who are weak in faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
+ROM	15	2	z2k8	figs-explicit	πρὸς οἰκοδομήν 	1	in order to build him up 	By this, Paul means to strengthen someone's faith. Alternate translation: "to strengthen his faith" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	15	3	bcz1	figs-explicit	καθὼς γέγραπται 	1	it was just as it is written 	Here Paul refers to a scripture where Christ (the Messiah) speaks to God. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the Messiah said to God in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	15	3	qni7		οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων σε, ἐπέπεσαν ἐπ’ ἐμέ 	1	The insults of those who insulted you fell on me 	The insults of those who insulted God fell on Christ. 
 ROM	15	4	txd4	figs-activepassive	ὅσα γὰρ προεγράφη, εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν διδασκαλίαν ἐγράφη 	1	For whatever was previously written was written for our instruction 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "For in times past, the prophets wrote everything in the Scriptures to teach us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	15	4	m7yy	figs-inclusive		0	our ... we	Paul includes his readers and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
+ROM	15	4	m7yy	figs-inclusive	ἡμετέραν ... ἔχωμεν 	1	our ... we have	Paul includes his readers and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	15	4	g6r1	figs-explicit	ἵνα διὰ τῆς ὑπομονῆς καὶ διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως τῶν Γραφῶν, τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχωμεν 	1	in order that through patience and through encouragement of the scriptures we would have certain hope 	Here "have confidence" means that the believers will know that God will fulfill his promises. You can make explicit the full meaning in your translation. Alternate translation: "In this way the scriptures will encourage us to expect that God will do for us everything that he has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	15	5	u2zm			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul encourages the believers to remember that both Gentile believers and Jews that believe are made one in Christ. 
-ROM	15	5	g5xm			0	may ... God ... grant	"I pray that ... God ... will grant"
+ROM	15	5	g5xm		Θεὸς ... δῴη 	1	may ... God ... grant 	"I pray that ... God ... will grant" 
 ROM	15	5	ws7q	figs-metonymy	τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν ἐν ἀλλήλοις 	1	to be of the same mind with each other 	Here to be of the "same mind" is a metonym that means to be in agreement with each other. Alternate translation: "to be in agreement with each other" or "to be united" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	15	6	uz1z	figs-metonymy	ἐν ἑνὶ στόματι, δοξάζητε 	1	praise with one mouth 	This means to be united in praising God. Alternate translation: "praise God together in unity as if only one mouth were speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	15	7	z941		προσλαμβάνεσθε ἀλλήλους 	1	receive one another 	"accept one another"" 
@@ -1007,61 +1007,61 @@ ROM	15	8	gu7z	figs-explicit	τὰς ἐπαγγελίας τῶν πατέρων
 ROM	15	9	k5q7		τὰ δὲ ἔθνη, ὑπὲρ ἐλέους δοξάσαι τὸν Θεόν 	1	and for the Gentiles to glorify God for his mercy 	This is the second reason for which Christ became a servant of the circumcision. Alternate translation: "and in order that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy" 
 ROM	15	9	xgc4	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται 	1	As it is written 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "as someone has written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	15	9	em5q	figs-metonymy	τῷ ὀνόματί σου ψαλῶ 	1	sing praise to your name 	Here "your name" is a metonym that refers to God. Alternate translation: "sing praise to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-ROM	15	10	yvy9			0	Again it says	"Again the scripture says"
+ROM	15	10	yvy9		Again it says 	1	Again it says 	"Again the scripture says" 
 ROM	15	10	x4kg	figs-explicit	μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ 	1	with his people 	This refers to God's people. You can make this explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "with the people of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	15	11	xw7t		καὶ ... ἐπαινεσάτωσαν αὐτὸν	1	praise him	"praise the Lord"
+ROM	15	11	xw7t		ἐπαινεσάτωσαν αὐτὸν 	1	Let praise him 	"praise the Lord" 
 ROM	15	12	fta5	figs-metonymy	ῥίζα τοῦ Ἰεσσαί 	1	root of Jesse 	Jesse was the physical father of King David. Alternate translation: "descendant of Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	15	12	i4nn	figs-explicit	ἐπ’ αὐτῷ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν 	1	in him the Gentiles will have hope 	Here "him" refers to the descendant of Jesse, the Messiah. Those who are not Jews will also trust him to fulfill his promises. Alternate translation: "The people who are not Jews can trust him to do what he has promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	15	13	w7wn	figs-hyperbole	πληρώσαι ὑμᾶς πάσης χαρᾶς καὶ εἰρήνης	1	fill you with all joy and peace	Paul exaggerates here to emphasize his point. Alternate translation: "fill you with great joy and peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
+ROM	15	13	w7wn	figs-hyperbole	πληρώσαι ὑμᾶς πάσης χαρᾶς καὶ εἰρήνης 	1	May fill you with all joy and peace 	Paul exaggerates here to emphasize his point. Alternate translation: "fill you with great joy and peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 
 ROM	15	14	h98x			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul reminds the believers in Rome that God chose him to reach the Gentiles. 
-ROM	15	14	qfs6	figs-explicit	πέπεισμαι δέ, ἀδελφοί μου, καὶ αὐτὸς ... ὑμῶν	1	I myself am also convinced about you, my brothers	Paul is quite sure that the believers in Rome are honoring each other in their behavior. Alternate translation: "I myself am completely sure that you yourselves have acted toward others in a completely good way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	15	14	qfs6	figs-explicit	πέπεισμαι ... ἀδελφοί μου, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ περὶ ὑμῶν 	1	I myself am also convinced about you, my brothers 	Paul is quite sure that the believers in Rome are honoring each other in their behavior. Alternate translation: "I myself am completely sure that you yourselves have acted toward others in a completely good way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	15	14	d878		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. 
 ROM	15	14	qhv3	figs-hyperbole	πεπληρωμένοι πάσης γνώσεως 	1	filled with all knowledge 	Paul exaggerates here to emphasize his point. Alternate translation: "filled with sufficient knowledge to follow God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 
-ROM	15	14	ge2l	figs-explicit	δυνάμενοι καὶ ἀλλήλους νουθετεῖν	1	also able to exhort one another	Here "exhort" means to teach. Alternate translation: "also able to teach each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	15	14	ge2l	figs-explicit	δυνάμενοι καὶ ἀλλήλους νουθετεῖν 	1	able to also exhort one another 	Here "exhort" means to teach. Alternate translation: "also able to teach each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	15	15	n2gr	figs-activepassive	τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ 	1	the grace given me by God 	Paul speaks of grace as if it were a physical gift that God had given him. God had appointed Paul and apostle even though he had persecuted believers before he decided to follow Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the grace that God gave me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	15	16	wiw1	figs-metaphor	γένηται ἡ προσφορὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν εὐπρόσδεκτος 	1	the offering of the Gentiles might become acceptable 	Paul speaks of his preaching the gospel as if he, as a priest, were making an offering to God. Alternate translation: "the Gentiles might please God when they obey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	15	18	by9s		εἰς ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν 	1	for the obedience of the Gentiles 	"so that the Gentiles will obey God" 
 ROM	15	18	xds3	figs-activepassive	λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ 	1	These are things done by word and action 	This can be translated in active form: Alternative translation: Alternate translation: "These are things that Christ has accomplished through what I have said and done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	15	19	lu97	figs-doublenegatives		0	by the power of signs and wonders, and by the power of the Holy Spirit	You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Here "these are things" refers to what Christ has accomplished through Paul. Alternate translation: "For the sake of the obedience of the Gentiles, I will only speak of what Christ has accomplished through me in my words and actions and by the power of signs and wonders through the power of the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	15	19	lu97	figs-doublenegatives	ἐν δυνάμει σημείων καὶ τεράτων ἐν δυνάμει Πνεύματος Θεοῦ 	1	by the power of signs and wonders, and by the power of the Spirit of God 	You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Here "these are things" refers to what Christ has accomplished through Paul. Alternate translation: "For the sake of the obedience of the Gentiles, I will only speak of what Christ has accomplished through me in my words and actions and by the power of signs and wonders through the power of the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	15	19	g8bk	figs-doublet	σημείων καὶ τεράτων 	1	signs and wonders 	These two words mean basically the same thing and refer to various kinds of miracles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
 ROM	15	19	c8ff		ὥστε ... ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ κύκλῳ μέχρι τοῦ Ἰλλυρικοῦ 	1	so that from Jerusalem, and round about as far as Illyricum 	This is from the city of Jerusalem as far as the province of Illyricum, a region close to Italy. 
 ROM	15	20	x9xm	figs-explicit	οὕτως δὲ φιλοτιμούμενον εὐαγγελίζεσθαι, οὐχ ὅπου ὠνομάσθη Χριστός 	1	In this way, my desire has been to proclaim the gospel, but not where Christ is known by name 	Paul only wants to preach to people who have never heard of Christ. Alternate translation: "Because of this, I want to preach the good news in places where people have never heard of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	15	20	kt3r	figs-metaphor	ἵνα μὴ ἐπ’ ἀλλότριον θεμέλιον οἰκοδομῶ 	1	in order that I might not build upon another man's foundation 	Paul speaks of his ministry work as if he were building a house on a foundation. Alternate translation: "in order that I might not be simply continuing the work that someone else already started. I do not want to be like a man who builds a house on someone else's foundation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
-ROM	15	21	rb5r	figs-activepassive		0	It is as it is written	Here Paul refers to what Isaiah wrote in the scriptures. You can translate this in an active form and make the meaning explicit. Alternate translation: "What is happening is like what Isaiah wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	15	21	rb5r	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται 	1	It is as it is written 	Here Paul refers to what Isaiah wrote in the scriptures. You can translate this in an active form and make the meaning explicit. Alternate translation: "What is happening is like what Isaiah wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	15	21	u8d6	figs-personification	οἷς οὐκ ἀνηγγέλη περὶ αὐτοῦ 	1	Those to whom no tidings of him came 	Here Paul speaks of the "tidings" or message about Christ as if it were alive and able to move by itself. Alternate translation: "Those whom no one had told the news about him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	15	22	f1fq			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul tells the believers in Rome about his personal plans to visit them and asks the believers to pray. 
 ROM	15	22	ex5j	figs-activepassive	καὶ ἐνεκοπτόμην 	1	I was also hindered 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "they also hindered me" or "people also hindered me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	15	23	b6kl	figs-explicit	μηκέτι τόπον ἔχων ἐν τοῖς κλίμασι τούτοις 	1	I no longer have any place in these regions 	Paul implies that there are no more places in these areas where people live who have not heard about Christ. Alternate translation: "there are no more places in these regions where people have not heard about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	15	24	si59	translate-names	τὴν Σπανίαν 	1	Spain	This is a roman province west of Rome that Paul desired to visit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 
 ROM	15	24	c6wq		διαπορευόμενος	1	in passing 	"as I pass through Rome" or "while I am on my way" 
-ROM	15	24	vya3	figs-explicit	καὶ ὑφ’ ὑμῶν προπεμφθῆναι ἐκεῖ	1	and to be helped by you along my journey	Here Paul implies that he wants the Roman believers to provide some financial assistance to him for his journey to Spain. Alternate translation: "that you will help me on my journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	15	24	wg6d		ἐὰν ὑμῶν ... ἐμπλησθῶ	1	have enjoyed your company	"have enjoyed spending some time with you" or "have enjoyed visiting you"
+ROM	15	24	vya3	figs-explicit	καὶ ὑφ’ ὑμῶν προπεμφθῆναι ἐκεῖ 	1	and to be helped by you along my journey there	Here Paul implies that he wants the Roman believers to provide some financial assistance to him for his journey to Spain. Alternate translation: "that you will help me on my journey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
+ROM	15	24	wg6d		ἐὰν ὑμῶν ... ἐμπλησθῶ 	1	I have enjoyed your company 	"have enjoyed spending some time with you" or "have enjoyed visiting you" 
 ROM	15	26	vn1r	figs-synecdoche	εὐδόκησαν ... Μακεδονία καὶ Ἀχαΐα 	1	it was the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia 	Here the words "Macedonia" and "Achaia" are synecdoches for the people who live in those areas. Alternate translation: "the believers in the provinces of Macedonia and Achaia were happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 
-ROM	15	27	w5ap			0	Yes, it was their good pleasure	"The believers in Macedonia and Achaia were pleased to do it"
-ROM	15	27	tfz1			0	indeed, they are their debtors	"indeed the people of Macedonia and Achaia are in debt to the believers in Jerusalem"
+ROM	15	27	w5ap		εὐδόκησαν γάρ 	1	Indeed they were please to do this	"The believers in Macedonia and Achaia were pleased to do it" 
+ROM	15	27	tfz1		γάρ ... ὀφειλέται εἰσὶν αὐτῶν 	1	indeed, they are their debtors 	"indeed the people of Macedonia and Achaia are in debt to the believers in Jerusalem" 
 ROM	15	27	en7l		εἰ ... τοῖς πνευματικοῖς αὐτῶν ἐκοινώνησαν τὰ ἔθνη, ὀφείλουσιν καὶ ... λειτουργῆσαι αὐτοῖς 	1	if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they owe it to them also to serve them 	"since the Gentiles have shared in the spiritual things of the Jerusalem believers, the Gentiles owe service to the Jerusalem believers" 
 ROM	15	28	zz8u	figs-metaphor	σφραγισάμενος αὐτοῖς τὸν καρπὸν τοῦτον 	1	made sure that they have received what was collected 	Paul speaks of the money he is taking to Jerusalem as if it were a fruit that was collected for them. Alternate translation: "and have safely delivered this offering to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	15	29	ylq8	figs-explicit	οἶδα δὲ ὅτι ἐρχόμενος πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας Χριστοῦ, ἐλεύσομαι 	1	I know that when I come to you I will come in the fullness of the blessing of Christ 	This phrase means that Christ will bless Paul and the Roman believers. Alternate translation: "And I know that when I visit you, Christ will abundantly bless us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	15	30	w1ta		δὲ	1	Now	If your language has a way to show that Paul has stopped talking about the good things he is confident of ([Romans 15:29](../15/29.md)) and is now starting to talk about the dangers he faces, use it here. 
 ROM	15	30	yb7m		παρακαλῶ ... ὑμᾶς 	1	I urge you 	"I encourage you" 
 ROM	15	30	v9iy		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. 
-ROM	15	30	fy1v		συναγωνίσασθαί	1	you strive	"you work hard" or "you struggle"
+ROM	15	30	fy1v		συναγωνίσασθαί	1	to strive together with	"you work hard" or "you struggle" 
 ROM	15	31	u7st	figs-activepassive	ῥυσθῶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀπειθούντων 	1	I may be rescued from those who are disobedient 	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God may rescue me from those who are disobedient" or "God may keep those who are disobedient from harming me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
-ROM	15	31	nw5h	figs-explicit		0	that my service for Jerusalem may be acceptable to the believers	Here Paul expresses his desire that the believers in Jerusalem will gladly accept the money from the believers in Macedonia and Achaia. Alternate translation: "pray that the believers in Jerusalem will be glad to receive the money that I am bringing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	15	33	s947	figs-explicit	ὁ δὲ Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης μετὰ	1	May the God of peace	The "God of peace" means the God who causes believers to have inner peace. Alternate translation: "I pray that God who causes all of us to have inner peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	15	31	nw5h	figs-explicit	καὶ ἡ διακονία μου ἡ εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ εὐπρόσδεκτος τοῖς ἁγίοις γένηται 	1	and that my service for Jerusalem may be acceptable to the believers 	Here Paul expresses his desire that the believers in Jerusalem will gladly accept the money from the believers in Macedonia and Achaia. Alternate translation: "pray that the believers in Jerusalem will be glad to receive the money that I am bringing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
+ROM	15	33	s947	figs-explicit	ὁ ... Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης μετὰ 	1	May the God of peace be with	The "God of peace" means the God who causes believers to have inner peace. Alternate translation: "I pray that God who causes all of us to have inner peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	16	intro	qy96			0		# Romans 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, Paul gives personal greetings to some of the Christians in Rome. It was common to end a letter in the ancient Near East with this type of personal greeting.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>Because of the personal nature of this chapter, much of the context is unknown. This will make translation more difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br> 
 ROM	16	1	sg6a			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul then greets many of the believers in Rome by name. 
 ROM	16	1	vkg8		συνίστημι δὲ ὑμῖν Φοίβην 	1	I commend to you Phoebe 	"I want you to respect Phoebe" 
 ROM	16	1	sry4	translate-names	Φοίβην	1	Phoebe	This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 
 ROM	16	1	q86q	figs-inclusive	τὴν ἀδελφὴν ἡμῶν 	1	our sister 	The word "our" refers to Paul and all believers. Alternate translation: "our sister in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) 
 ROM	16	1	q669	translate-names	Κενχρεαῖς	1	Cenchrea	This was a seaport city in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 
-ROM	16	2	cwx1	figs-explicit	αὐτὴν προσδέξησθε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	receive her in the Lord	Paul encourages the Roman believers to welcome Phoebe as a fellow believer. Alternate translation: "welcome her because we all belong to the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	16	2	cwx1	figs-explicit	αὐτὴν προσδέξησθε ἐν Κυρίῳ 	1	you may receive her in the Lord 	Paul encourages the Roman believers to welcome Phoebe as a fellow believer. Alternate translation: "welcome her because we all belong to the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 ROM	16	2	yic3		ἀξίως τῶν ἁγίων 	1	in a manner worthy of the saints 	"in the way that believers should welcome other believers" 
 ROM	16	2	qp4w	figs-euphemism	παραστῆτε αὐτῇ 	1	stand by her 	Paul encourages the Roman believers to give to Phoebe anything she needs. Alternate translation: "help her by giving her whatever she needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 
 ROM	16	2	inh1		προστάτις πολλῶν ἐγενήθη καὶ ἐμοῦ αὐτοῦ 	1	has become a helper of many, and of myself as well 	"has helped many people, and she has also helped me" 
 ROM	16	3	c5lg	translate-names	Πρίσκαν καὶ Ἀκύλαν 	1	Priscilla and Aquila 	Priscilla was the wife of Aquila. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 
 ROM	16	3	fsk1	figs-explicit	τοὺς συνεργούς μου ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 	1	my fellow workers in Christ Jesus 	Paul's "fellow workers" are people who also tell others about Jesus. Alternate translation: "who work with me to tell people about Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	16	5	i32d			0	Greet the church that is in their house	"Greet the believers who meet in their house to worship"
+ROM	16	5	i32d		καὶ τὴν κατ’ οἶκον αὐτῶν ἐκκλησίαν 	1	Greet the church that is in their house 	"Greet the believers who meet in their house to worship" 
 ROM	16	5	bn9z	translate-names	Ἐπαίνετον	1	Epaenetus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 
 ROM	16	5	d1f1	figs-metaphor	ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀσίας εἰς Χριστόν 	1	firstfruit of Asia to Christ 	Paul speaks of Epaenetus as if he were a fruit that he harvested. Alternate translation: "first person in Asia to believe in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	16	6	ew2z	translate-names	Μαρίαν	1	Mary	This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 
@@ -1070,47 +1070,47 @@ ROM	16	7	z9uk	translate-names	Ἰουνίαν	1	Junias	This could be either 1) J
 ROM	16	7	gce3	figs-activepassive	οἵτινές εἰσιν ἐπίσημοι ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις 	1	They are prominent among the apostles 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "The apostles know them very well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	16	8	h976	translate-names	Ἀμπλιᾶτον	1	Ampliatus	This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 
 ROM	16	8	alh2		τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου ἐν Κυρίῳ 	1	my beloved in the Lord 	"my dear friend and fellow believer" 
-ROM	16	9	bd5l	translate-names		0	Urbanus ... Stachys	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-ROM	16	10	k55t	translate-names		0	Apelles ... Aristobulus	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	9	bd5l	translate-names	Οὐρβανὸν ... Στάχυν 	1	Urbanus ... Stachys 	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 
+ROM	16	10	k55t	translate-names	Ἀπελλῆν ... Ἀριστοβούλου 	1	Apelles ... Aristobulus 	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 
 ROM	16	10	q96n		τὸν δόκιμον ἐν Χριστῷ 	1	the approved in Christ 	The word "approved" refers to someone who has been tested and proved to be genuine. Alternate translation: "whom Christ has approved" 
-ROM	16	11	gt6r	translate-names		0	Herodion ... Narcissus	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-ROM	16	11	ket9	figs-explicit	τοὺς ... ὄντας ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	who are in the Lord	This refers to those who trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: "who are believers" or "who belong to the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	16	12	sq9n	translate-names		0	Tryphaena ... Tryphosa ... Persis	These are women's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
+ROM	16	11	gt6r	translate-names	Ἡρῳδίωνα ... Ναρκίσσου 	1	Herodion ... Narcissus 	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 
+ROM	16	11	ket9	figs-explicit	τοὺς ὄντας ἐν Κυρίῳ 	1	who are in the Lord 	This refers to those who trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: "who are believers" or "who belong to the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
+ROM	16	12	sq9n	translate-names	Τρύφαιναν ... Τρυφῶσαν ... Περσίδα 	1	Tryphaena ... Tryphosa ... Persis 	These are women's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 
 ROM	16	13	zmf4	translate-names	Ῥοῦφον	1	Rufus	This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 
 ROM	16	13	zy3x	figs-activepassive	τὸν ἐκλεκτὸν ἐν Κυρίῳ 	1	chosen in the Lord 	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "whom the Lord has chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	16	13	hqf6	figs-metaphor	τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμοῦ 	1	his mother and mine 	Paul speaks of the mother of Rufus as if she were his own mother. Alternate translation: "his mother, whom I also think of as my mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	16	14	dwh9	translate-names	Ἀσύγκριτον, Φλέγοντα, Ἑρμῆν, Πατροβᾶν, Ἑρμᾶν 	1	Asyncritus ... Phlegon ... Hermes ... Patrobas ... Hermas 	These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 
 ROM	16	14	ck2w		ἀδελφούς	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. 
-ROM	16	15	ye9j	translate-names		0	Philologus ... Nereus ... Olympas	These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
+ROM	16	15	ye9j	translate-names	Φιλόλογον ... Νηρέα ... Ὀλυμπᾶν 	1	Philologus ... Nereus ... Olympas 	These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 
 ROM	16	15	n2rx	translate-names	Ἰουλίαν	1	Julia	The name of a woman. Julia was probably the wife of Philologus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 
 ROM	16	16	g2z1		φιλήματι ἁγίῳ 	1	a holy kiss 	an expression of affection for fellow believers 
 ROM	16	16	t1q4	figs-hyperbole	ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς αἱ ἐκκλησίαι πᾶσαι τοῦ Χριστοῦ 	1	All the churches of Christ greet you 	Here Paul speaks in a general manner concerning the churches of Christ. Alternate translation: "The believers in all the churches in this area send their greetings to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 
 ROM	16	17	u1m9			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul gives one last warning to the believers about unity and living for God. 
 ROM	16	17	wx6r		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women. 
 ROM	16	17	ztv5		σκοπεῖν	1	to think about 	"to watch out for" 
-ROM	16	17	n59l	figs-explicit		0	who are causing the divisions and stumbling	This refers to those who argue and cause others to stop trusting in Jesus. Alternate translation: "who are causing believers to argue with one another and to stop having faith in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	16	17	j9x7			0	They are going beyond the teaching that you have learned	"They teach things that do not agree with the truth you have already learned"
-ROM	16	17	b318	figs-metaphor	καὶ ... ἐκκλίνετε ἀπ’ αὐτῶν	1	Turn away from them	"Turn away" here is an metaphor for "refuse to listen." Alternate translation: "Do not listen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	16	17	n59l	figs-explicit	τὰς διχοστασίας καὶ τὰ σκάνδαλα ... ποιοῦντας 	1	who are causing the divisions and obstacles 	This refers to those who argue and cause others to stop trusting in Jesus. Alternate translation: "who are causing believers to argue with one another and to stop having faith in God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
+ROM	16	17	j9x7		παρὰ τὴν διδαχὴν ἣν ὑμεῖς ἐμάθετε 	1	They are going beyond the teaching that you have learned 	"They teach things that do not agree with the truth you have already learned" 
+ROM	16	17	b318	figs-metaphor	ἐκκλίνετε ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 	1	Turn away from them 	"Turn away" here is an metaphor for "refuse to listen." Alternate translation: "Do not listen to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	16	18	ea6h	figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ τῇ ἑαυτῶν κοιλίᾳ 	1	but their own stomach 	The words "they serve" are understood from the previous phrase. This can be expressed as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: "Rather, they serve their own stomach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 
 ROM	16	18	nxn4	figs-metonymy	ἀλλὰ τῇ ἑαυτῶν κοιλίᾳ 	1	but their own stomach 	Here "stomach" is a metonym that refers to physical desires. Serving there stomach represents satisfying their desires. Alternate translation: "but they only want to satisfy their own selfish desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	16	18	eif6	figs-doublet	καὶ διὰ τῆς χρηστολογίας καὶ εὐλογίας 	1	By their smooth and flattering speech 	The words "smooth" and "flattering" mean basically the same thing. Paul is emphasizing how these people are deceiving believers. Alternate translation: "By saying things that seem to be good and true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 
 ROM	16	18	c2je	figs-metonymy	ἐξαπατῶσι τὰς καρδίας τῶν ἀκάκων 	1	they deceive the hearts of the innocent 	Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate translation: "they deceive the innocent believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 ROM	16	18	m9h5		ἀκάκων	1	innocent	This refers to those who are simple, inexperienced, and naive. Alternate translation: "those who innocently trust them" or "those who do not know these teachers are fooling them" 
-ROM	16	19	imc7	figs-personification		0	For your example of obedience reaches everyone	Here Paul speaks of the Roman believers' obedience as if it were a person who could go to people. Alternate translation: "For everyone has heard how you obey Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+ROM	16	19	imc7	figs-personification	ἡ γὰρ ὑμῶν ὑπακοὴ, εἰς πάντας ἀφίκετο 	1	For your obedience reaches everyone 	Here Paul speaks of the Roman believers' obedience as if it were a person who could go to people. Alternate translation: "For everyone has heard how you obey Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 
 ROM	16	19	le5l		ἀκεραίους ... εἰς τὸ κακόν 	1	innocent to that which is evil 	"not involved in doing evil things" 
 ROM	16	20	s3cq	figs-metaphor	ὁ δὲ Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης συντρίψει τὸν Σατανᾶν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν ἐν τάχει 	1	The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet 	The phrase "crush under your feet" refers to complete victory over an enemy. Here Paul speaks of the victory over Satan as if the Roman believers were trampling an enemy under their feet. Alternate translation: "Soon God will give you peace and complete victory over Satan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	16	21	z4g3			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul gives greetings from the believers who are with him. 
 ROM	16	21	ku15	translate-names	Λούκιος, καὶ Ἰάσων, καὶ Σωσίπατρος 	1	Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater 	These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 
-ROM	16	22	xu3q	translate-names		0	Tertius, who write this epistle down	Tertius is the man who wrote down what Paul spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	22	xu3q	translate-names	ἐγὼ, Τέρτιος, ὁ γράψας τὴν ἐπιστολὴν 	1	Tertius, who write this epistle 	Tertius is the man who wrote down what Paul spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 
 ROM	16	22	nx4g		ἀσπάζομαι ὑμᾶς ... ἐν Κυρίῳ 	1	greet you in the Lord 	"greet you as a fellow believer" 
-ROM	16	23	sw7r	translate-names		0	Gaius ... Erastus ... Quartus	These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+ROM	16	23	sw7r	translate-names	Γάϊος ... Ἔραστος ... Κούαρτος 	1	Gaius ... Erastus ... Quartus 	These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 
 ROM	16	23	j9u7		ὁ ξένος 	1	the host 	This refers to Gaius, the person in whose house Paul and his fellow believers gathered for worship. 
-ROM	16	23	m5hg		ὁ ... οἰκονόμος	1	the treasurer	This is a person who takes care of the money for a group.
+ROM	16	23	m5hg		ὁ οἰκονόμος 	1	the treasurer 	This is a person who takes care of the money for a group. 
 ROM	16	25	psm3			0	Connecting Statement: 	Paul closes with a prayer of blessing. 
 ROM	16	25	v71l		δὲ	1	Now	Here the word "now" marks the closing section of the letter. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you can use it here. 
-ROM	16	25	pp5k	figs-metaphor		0	to make you stand	Paul speaks here of having strong faith as if a person were standing, instead of falling. Alternate translation: "to make your faith strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	16	25	pp5k	figs-metaphor	ὑμᾶς στηρίξαι 	1	to strengthen you	Paul speaks here of having strong faith as if a person were standing, instead of falling. Alternate translation: "to make your faith strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
 ROM	16	25	kmw1		κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου, καὶ τὸ κήρυγμα Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 	1	according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ 	"by the good news that I have preached about Jesus Christ" 
-ROM	16	25	s5ky	figs-metaphor	κατὰ ... ἀποκάλυψιν μυστηρίου χρόνοις αἰωνίοις σεσιγημένου	1	according to the revelation of the mystery that had been kept secret for long ages	Paul says that God has revealed previously hidden truths to the believers. He speaks of these truths as if they were a secret. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "because God has revealed to us believers the secret that he was keeping for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	16	26	d7r5	figs-doublet	φανερωθέντος δὲ νῦν διά τε Γραφῶν προφητικῶν, κατ’ ἐπιταγὴν τοῦ αἰωνίου Θεοῦ εἰς ... πάντα τὰ ἔθνη γνωρισθέντος	1	but now has been revealed and made known through the prophetic writings to all nations, by the command of the eternal God	The verbs "revealed" and "made known" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses both of them to emphasize his point. You can combine these words and translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "but now the eternal God has made it known to all the nations through the prophetic writings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	16	25	s5ky	figs-metaphor	κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν μυστηρίου χρόνοις αἰωνίοις σεσιγημένου 	1	according to the revelation of the mystery that had been kept secret for long ages 	Paul says that God has revealed previously hidden truths to the believers. He speaks of these truths as if they were a secret. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "because God has revealed to us believers the secret that he was keeping for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
+ROM	16	26	d7r5	figs-doublet	φανερωθέντος δὲ νῦν διά τε Γραφῶν προφητικῶν, κατ’ ἐπιταγὴν τοῦ αἰωνίου Θεοῦ ... εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη γνωρισθέντος 	1	but now has been revealed and made known through the prophetic writings to all nations, by the command of the eternal God 	The verbs "revealed" and "made known" mean basically the same thing. Paul uses both of them to emphasize his point. You can combine these words and translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "but now the eternal God has made it known to all the nations through the prophetic writings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
 ROM	16	26	lc6d	figs-abstractnouns	εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως 	1	to bring about the obedience of faith 	Here "obedience" and "faith" are abstract nouns. You can use the verbs "obey" and "trust" in your translation. You may need to make explicit who will obey and trust. Alternate translation: "so that all nations will obey God because they trust in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
-ROM	16	27	qmj7	figs-explicit		0	To the only wise God ... be glory forever. Amen	Here "through Jesus Christ" refers to what Jesus did. To give "glory" means to praise God. Alternate translation: "Because of what Jesus Christ has done for us, we will praise forever the one who alone is God and who alone is wise. Amen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	16	27	qmj7	figs-explicit	μόνῳ σοφῷ Θεῷ ... ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν! 	1	To the only wise God ... be glory forever. Amen 	Here "through Jesus Christ" refers to what Jesus did. To give "glory" means to praise God. Alternate translation: "Because of what Jesus Christ has done for us, we will praise forever the one who alone is God and who alone is wise. Amen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])