DCS-Mirror
/
unfoldingWord_en_tn
mirror of https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn
2
0
Fork 0
Files Issues Releases Wiki Activity See in Reader

Merge christopherrsmith-tc-create-1 into master by christopherrsmith (#3913) 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3913
This commit is contained in:
christopherrsmith 2024-11-13 10:40:02 +00:00
parent 133dff3cef
commit e38551255f
1 changed files with 131 additions and 217 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

348
tn_JOS.tsv
View File

@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
14:15 p9k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification And the land rested from war 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “And there was no more war in the land”
15:intro ght5 0 # Joshua 15 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:1 j061 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the lot 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned to the tribe of Judah by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory assigned”
15:1 i5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the wilderness of Zin in the Negev from the end of the south 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative to another in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations this in the way that your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “to the wilderness of Zin in the Negev at its extreme southern end”
15:1 i5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the wilderness of Zin in the Negev from the end of the south 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative to another in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way that your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “to the wilderness of Zin in the Negev at its extreme southern end”
15:2 n3p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Sea of Salt 1 See how you translated this name in [3:16](../03/16.md) and [12:3](../12/03.md). Alternate translation: “the Dead Sea”
15:2 j062 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the tongue 1 The author is speaking of this sea as if it were a living thing that had a **tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the bay”
15:3 t4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate the Ascent of Akrabbim 1 **Akrabbim** is a Hebrew word that the ULT has spelled out using English letters so that readers will know how it sounds. The word means “scorpions” in Hebrew, and here it is the name of a place. In your translation you could spell this name the way it sounds in your language, or you could express its meaning as a name. Alternate translation: “Scorpion Pass”
@ -726,225 +726,139 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
16:9 j067 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive set apart 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the Israelite leaders set apart”
16:10 g4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Canaanite & the Canaanite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means Canaanites in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … the Canaanites”
17:intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Manasseh’s lack of faith\nEven though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:1 j2sj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְ⁠מָכִיר֩ 1 These are men’s names.
17:1 zuz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַֽ⁠יְהִי־ל֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠גִּלְעָ֥ד וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּשָֽׁן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir’s descendants”
17:2 al47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֲבִיעֶ֜זֶר & חֵ֗לֶק & אַשְׂרִיאֵל֙ & שֶׁ֔כֶם & חֵ֖פֶר & שְׁמִידָ֑ע 1 These are men’s names.
17:2 us2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ֠⁠יְהִי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned land … and gave them to their clans”
17:3 u2e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠לִ⁠צְלָפְחָד֩ & חֵ֨פֶ 1 These are men’s names.
17:3 k5z5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מַחְלָ֣ה וְ⁠נֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְ⁠תִרְצָֽה 1 These are women’s names.
17:4 x2q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶלְעָזָ֨ר 1 This is the name of a man.
17:4 q55m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָֽ⁠תֶת־לָ֥⁠נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “to give to us some land as an inheritance”
17:4 s6fd וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן לָ⁠הֶ֜ם & נַֽחֲלָ֔ה 1 This could mean: (1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or (2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
17:5 d1c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned ten parcels of land”
17:5 z7zr חַבְלֵֽי & עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “Ten portions”
17:6 d9gb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received land as an inheritance”
17:6 qbx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַ⁠גִּלְעָ֔ד הָיְתָ֥ה לִ⁠בְנֵֽי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead”
17:7 jln6 אֶל־הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין 1 toward the south
17:7 dfe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַֽ⁠מִּכְמְתָ֔ת & תַּפּֽוּחַ 1 These are the names of places.
17:9 k7gp הַ⁠גְּבוּל֩ 1 Alternate translation: “The border of Manasseh’s land”
17:9 l2af נַ֨חַל 1 a very small river
17:9 qvi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קָנָ֜ה 1 name of a brook
17:10 mi9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠בְ⁠אָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּ⁠ן מִ⁠צָּפ֔וֹן 1 This could mean: (1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or (2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher”
17:10 fj36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בְ⁠יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִ⁠מִּזְרָֽח 1 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to the east, one can reach Issachar”
17:11 s1sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן & וְ⁠יִבְלְעָ֨ם & דֹ֣אר & עֵֽין־דֹּר֙ & תַעְנַךְ֙ & מְגִדּ֖וֹ & הַ⁠נָּֽפֶת 1 These are the names of places.
17:14 b4j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף 1 This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh.
17:14 sk37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַדּוּעַ֩ נָתַ֨תָּה לִּ֜⁠י נַחֲלָ֗ה גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד וַֽ⁠אֲנִ֣י עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־עַד־כֹּ֖ה בֵּֽרְכַ֥⁠נִי יְהוָֽה 1 The people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh ask this question to emphasize that Joshua should have assigned to them more land. Alternate translation: “You should have given us more than one … Yahweh has blessed us.”
17:14 ju22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. In the second, the land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “one assignment of land as our inheritance” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:14 dg92 וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל 1 part
17:14 p7z5 עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד 1 Alternate translation: “many people”
17:15 d24l אִם־עַם־רַ֤ב אַתָּה֙ 1 Alternate translation: “Since you are a people great in number”
17:15 psc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רְפָאִ֑ים 1 This is the name of a people group.
17:16 g788 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּ⁠בֵית־שְׁאָן֙ & יִזְרְעֶֽאל 1 These are the names of places.
17:17 wa3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף 1 Here the word “house” refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph”
17:18 w4m4 וּ⁠בֵ֣רֵאת֔⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “you will clear the forest of trees” or “you will cut down its trees”
17:1 m4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And a lot was 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And a territory was assigned by lot”
17:1 b3k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now he was the firstborn of Joseph 1 The author is reminding readers of what he has already told them in [16:4](../16/04.md), that the descendants of Joseph had become the two tribes of Ephraim and **Manasseh**. So most of the tribal allotments went to descendants of Jacob’s sons, but the allotments described in [16:5–10](../16/05.md) and in this chapter went to descendants of Jacob’s grandsons.
17:1 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit For Makir, the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead 1 Be sure that it is clear in your translation that **Makir**, not **Manasseh**, was the **father of Gilead**. Alternate translation: “For Makir, who was the firstborn of Manasseh and who was the father of Gilead”
17:1 m7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because he was a man of war, so to him 1 The author is using the singular pronouns **he** and **him**, representing Makir, by association to mean his descendants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “because his descendants were great warriors, so to them”
17:2 p6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it was 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the territory assigned by lot on the west side of the Jordan River. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the territory assigned by lot on the west side of the Jordan River was”
17:3 e4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions no sons were to him, if not daughters 1 If it would appear in your language that the author was making a statement and then contradicting it, you could reword this as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “the only children he had were daughters”
17:4 m8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And they came near to the face of Eleazar the priest and to the face of Joshua, the son of Nun, and to the face of the leaders 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the presence of a person or group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And they came into the presence of Eleazar the priest; Joshua, the son of Nun; and the leaders” or “And they approached Eleazar the priest; Joshua, the son of Nun; and the leaders”
17:4 m3k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy an inheritance 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the term **inheritance** means by association a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “a lasting possession of land”
17:4 m5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor our brothers 1 Since, as [17:3](../17/03.md) indicates, these women had no actual **brothers**, they are using that term to refer to their relatives. Alternate translation: “the other members of our tribe”
17:4 p2k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And he gave 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Joshua. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Joshua gave”
17:4 m7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of Yahweh 1 The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “according to what Yahweh had commanded”
17:4 k3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship the brothers of their father 1 Your language may have its own term or expression for this relationship. Alternate translation: “their uncles”
17:5 m4k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So ten portions of Manasseh fell 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:6](../13/06.md). Alternate translation: “So the leaders assigned ten portions of land by lot to the tribe of Manasseh”
17:5 e8p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So ten portions of Manasseh fell 1 The meaning in context seems to be that five of these **portions** went to the clans named in [17:2](../17/02.md) and the other five went to the daughters of Zelophehad and their descendants. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “So the leaders assigned portions of land to the five clans descended from Manasseh’s sons and to the five daughters of Zelphehad and their families”
17:5 i5k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom which {were} from the other side of the Jordan 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative to another from his own perspective and in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “on the east side of the Jordan River”
17:6 m6p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the daughters of Manasseh & his sons 1 The author is speaking of these people as if they were the actual **daughters** and **sons** of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the female descendants of Manasseh who had no brothers ... his male descendants”
17:7 m3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy which is on the face of Shechem 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “which is next to Shechem”
17:8 b5p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The land of Tappuah was to Manasseh, but Tappuah at the border of Manasseh {was} to the sons of Ephraim 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that while the territory around Tappuah belonged to Manasseh, the city of Tappuah itself belonged to Ephraim. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
17:9 e7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and its goings out were seaward 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **seaward**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea”
17:10 e4n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Southward {was} to Ephraim, and northward {was} to Manasseh 1 The author assumes that readers will understand he is referring to the land on either side of the wadi of Kanah. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The land south of the wadi of Kanah belonged to Ephraim, while the land north of the wadi belonged to Manasseh”
17:10 p8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns its border 1 The pronoun **its** refers to the territory of Manasseh. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Manasseh’s western border”
17:10 p3m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it met 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the territory of Manasseh. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Manasseh’s territory met”
17:11 m5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and its daughters 1 The author is speaking of these towns as if they were the **daughters** of the main cities. Alternate translation: “and its surrounding towns”
17:11 e9p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the three of a height 1 This could mean: (1) that the last three cities mentioned, **En Dor**, **Taanach**, and **Megiddo**, were located on heights. They were all near the city of **Dor**, and they may have been considered part of the “heights of Dor” mentioned in [11:2](../11/02.md). Alternate translation: “these last three cities being in the heights of Dor” (2) that the author wants readers to recognize that the city he calls **Dor** was also known as Naphoth Dor. The word translated as **a height** could be a proper name, Naphoth. Alternate translation: “the third city on this list also being known as Naphoth Dor”
17:12 g4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Canaanite & they did not dispossess him 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means the Canaanite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … they did not dispossess them”
17:13 r5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication But dispossessing, they did not dispossess him 1 The author is repeating the verb **dispossess** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “But they definitely did not drive them out”
17:14 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you given to me {as} an inheritance one lot and one portion, when I am a numerous people, since Yahweh has blessed me unto now? 1 The descendants of Joseph are using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not have given us only one lot, one portion, as an inheritance! After all, we are a numerous people, since Yahweh has blessed us unto now.”
17:14 p3k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to me & when I am & has blessed me 1 The author is speaking of the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person who could speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns, as the author himself does in verse 16. Alternate translation: “to us ... when we are ... has blessed us”
17:14 d7m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet one lot and one portion 1 The terms **lot** and **portion** mean similar things. The descendants of Joseph are using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “only one portion of land”
17:15 p8n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification you are & go up for yourself & and you shall clear for yourself & to you 1 Joshua is speaking to the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person who could receive commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “all of you are ... go up for yourselves ... you shall clear for yourselves ... to all of you”
17:15 e4k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and you shall clear 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and you shall clear the land”
17:15 g6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Perizzite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Perizzite**. He means the Perizzite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Perizzites”
17:15 i3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom is narrow to you 1 Joshua is using a common expression to mean there is not enough space. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is not big enough for you”
17:16 g5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun and a chariot of iron {is} with every Canaanite 1 The descendants of Joseph are not referring to a specific **Canaanite** or to a specific **chariot**. They mean the members of the Canaanite people group in general and the chariots they possess. It may be more natural in your language to express these meanings using plural forms. Alternate translation: “and the Canaanites all have iron chariots”
17:16 m2k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and a chariot of iron 1 The metal iron was barely used during this time period, so this is not a reference to chariots entirely made of **iron**. Those would have been too heavy for any practical use in warfare anyway. It is probably a reference by association to chariots whose wheels or floor were strengthened with iron or that had iron studs or points to make them more destructive when used in ramming. Alternate translation: “chariots fitted out with iron”
17:17 m7p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to the house of Joseph 1 The author is speaking of the tribes descended from Joseph as if they were a **house**. He is envisioning them as if they were one household living together. Alternate translation: “to the tribes descended from Joseph”
17:17 p4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification You {are} & {is} to you & to you 1 Joshua is speaking of the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “All of you are ... is to all of you all ... to all of you”
17:17 d8n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives There will not be one lot to you 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the term **one**, which is negative in this context. Alternate translation: “You will receive more than one lot”
17:17 apm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy one lot 1 Joshua is using the term **lot** by association to a portion of territory assigned by lot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “one portion of territory”
17:18 g2k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases For & For 1 Joshua is using the word **For** in each instance to introduce the reason for what he has just said. Alternate translation: “You will have more than one portion because ... This is also true because”
17:18 s5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche and its goings out will be to you 1 The author is using one part of the territory, its **goings out** or boundaries, to mean all of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and all of that territory will belong to you”
18:intro j38i 0 # Joshua 18 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:1 fkg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ נִכְבְּשָׁ֖ה לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “after they had conquered the land”
18:2 ynk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָלְק֖וּ אֶת־נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם 1 The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:3 bia9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion עַד־אָ֨נָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם מִתְרַפִּ֔ים לָ⁠בוֹא֙ לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָ⁠כֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: “For long enough, you have put off … has given you.”
18:4 p7hg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠יִֽתְהַלְּכ֥וּ בָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ 1 The words “up and down” mean in every direction. Alternate translation: “the land in every direction” or “throughout the land”
18:4 zry7 וְ⁠יִכְתְּב֥וּ אוֹתָ֛⁠הּ לְ⁠פִ֥י נַֽחֲלָתָ֖⁠ם 1 This means that they will describe the portions of land that each tribe would like to receive for an inheritance.
18:4 lh9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נַֽחֲלָתָ֖⁠ם 1 The land that they are to survey is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that each of the tribes would receive as a permanent possession.
18:5 e13l 0 # General Information:\n\nJoshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
18:5 dmy4 וְ⁠הִֽתְחַלְּק֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “They will divide the land”
18:5 y5gn יְהוּדָ֞ה יַעֲמֹ֤ד 1 Alternate translation: “The tribe of Judah will remain”
18:5 d41l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בֵ֥ית יוֹסֵ֛ף 1 Here the word “house” represents the descendants of Joseph. The phrase refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:7 v3qr 0 # General Information:\n\nJoshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
18:7 e6s8 אֵֽין־חֵ֤לֶק 1 Alternate translation: “no portion of land”
18:7 kus7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כִּֽי־כְהֻנַּ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה נַחֲלָת֑⁠וֹ 1 Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. Alternate translation: “for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have”
18:7 eqg6 וַ⁠חֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽ⁠מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה 1 Alternate translation: “half of the tribe of Manasseh”
18:7 cyc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָקְח֣וּ נַחֲלָתָ֗⁠ם 1 The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “have received land as their inheritance”
18:8 t1cr 0 # General Information:\n\nJoshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land.
18:8 p238 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָ⁠אָ֜רֶץ 1 The words “up and down” mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](../18/04.md). Alternate translation: “in every direction in the land” or “throughout the land”
18:10 pz3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כְּ⁠מַחְלְקֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to each tribe Joshua gave their portion in the land”
18:11 hd7v בֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּ⁠בֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף 1 Alternate translation: “between the land that belonged to the descendants of Judah and the land that belonged to the descendants of Joseph”
18:11 ib4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף 1 This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh.
18:12 ij99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן 1 This is the name of a place.
18:13 hx15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names ל֨וּזָ⁠ה֙ & בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל & עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר & לְ⁠בֵית־חֹר֖וֹן 1 These are the names of places.
18:14 h4e6 הַ⁠גְּבוּל֩ 1 This refers to the same thing as “the border” in verse 13.
18:14 eq7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קִרְיַת־בַּ֨עַל֙ & קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים 1 These are the names of places.
18:15 ulq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֑ים & נֶפְתּֽוֹחַ 1 These are the names of places.
18:16 br6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם & רְפָאִ֖ים & הִנֹּ֜ם & עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל 1 These are the names of places.
18:17 d8dt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ & גְּלִיל֔וֹת & אֲדֻמִּ֑ים 1 These are the names of places.
18:17 z2mh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן 1 This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/06.md).
18:18 g6td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כֶּ֥תֶף מוּל־הָֽ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה 1 Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the slope of Beth Arabah”
18:18 b98y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מוּל־הָֽ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה 1 This is the name of a city.
18:19 k48g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כֶּ֣תֶף בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ צָפוֹנָ⁠ה֒ 1 Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the north slope of Beth Hoglah”
18:19 xy3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ 1 This is the name of a place.
18:20 ywb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֡את נַחֲלַת֩ בְּנֵ֨י בִנְיָמִ֧ן 1 The land that the tribe of Benjamin received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance”
18:20 pe6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave it to each of their clans”
18:21 i6af rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance.
18:24 jsu9 וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן 1 Alternate translation: “the villages around them”
18:28 t3aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֛את נַֽחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance”
18:1 r4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result And the land was subdued to their face 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could move this clause to the beginning of the verse, since it gives the reason for the result that the rest of the verse describes. Alternate translation: “Since the land was subdued to their face”
18:1 tjtj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And the land was subdued 1 The author is using the term **land** by association to mean the people groups who had been living in the land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the people groups who lived in the land were subdued”
18:1 p3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive And the land was subdued 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they had subdued the land” or “And they had subdued the people groups who were living in the land”
18:1 s5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to their face 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean what was in front of the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before them”
18:2 p7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they had not divided 1 The pronoun **they** refers to Joshua and the leaders of Israel. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Joshua and the leaders had not divided”
18:2 m4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their inheritance 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the term **inheritance** means by association a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “a lasting possession of land”
18:3 ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to the sons of Israel 1 The context makes clear that the author is using an entire group, the **sons of Israel**, to mean one part of that group, the Israelite tribes that had not yet received any land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the leaders of those tribes”
18:3 r5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Unto when will you slacken yourselves to enter to possess the land that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given to you? 1 Joshua is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You must stop being so slow to enter and take possession of the land that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given to you!”
18:3 m6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your fathers 1 Joshua is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors”
18:4 i3n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and they shall arise 1 As in the similar expressions in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [1:2](../01/02.md), Joshua is using the term **arise** to mean “take action.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they will act on this matter”
18:4 i8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of their inheritance 1 Joshua is using the expression **the mouth** to mean “the needs,” since people need food to put in their mouths. Alternate translation: “according to what they need to inherit” or “according to the number of regions that these remaining tribes will need to live in”
18:5 m4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will stand on its border & will stand on their border 1 Joshua is using the term **border** by association in both instances to mean territory enclosed within borders. The word **stand** has the sense of “remain.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “will remain in its territory ... will remain in their territory” or “will retain all of its territory ... will retain all of their territory”
18:5 i7k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the south & from the north 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative another from his own perspective and in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way that your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “in the south ... in the north” or “in the southern part of the land of Canaan ... in the northern part of the land of Canaan”
18:6 m5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the face of 1 Joshua is using the term **face** by association to mean the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
18:8 i4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And the men arose 1 The author is using a common expression to mean that these men took action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the men acted on these instructions”
18:11 e6p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the lot of the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their clans came up 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he means the first **lot**, that is, the lot that assigned the first of these seven divisions of territory. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And when Joshua threw the lot, it selected the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their clans to receive the first division of the land the men had described”
18:11 m3k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And the border of their lot 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the border of their assigned territory”
18:11 m8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy between the sons of Judah and between the sons of Joseph 1 The author is using the terms **sons of Judah** and **sons of Joseph** by association to mean the territories of these tribes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “between the territory of Judah’s descendants and the territory of Joseph’s descendants”
18:12 e5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to the mouth of the north 1 Here the word **mouth** has the sense of “end” or “edge,” perhaps because the mouth of an animal is typically at one end of it. Alternate translation: “on the northern end of their territory” or “on the northern edge of their territory”
18:12 p7n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the shoulder of Jericho from the north 1 The author is speaking of the mound on which **Jericho** was built as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the northern slope of the Jericho mound”
18:13 p4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to the shoulder of Luz southward 1 The author is speaking of the hill on which **Luz** was built as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the southern slope of the hill on which the city of Luz is built”
18:13 b6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Bethel 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city formerly known as **Luz** is the one they know as **Bethel**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
18:14 m5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that {is} on the face of Beth Horon southward 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “that is next to Beth Horon on the south”
18:14 b8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Kiriath Jearim 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city known as **Kiriath Baal** is the one they know as **Kiriath Jearim**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
18:14 e3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit This {was} the mouth of the sea 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “This was the western edge of the territory”
18:15 e7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the mouth southward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “And the southern boundary”
18:16 m4p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that {is} on the face of the Valley of Ben Hinnom 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “that is next to the Valley of Ben Hinnom”
18:16 m6k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the shoulder of the Jebusite to the south 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [15:8](../15/08.md). Alternate translation: “to the southern slope of Mount Zion”
18:18 p5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification And it passed over to the shoulder of the front of the Arabah northward and went down to the Arabah 1 The author is speaking of the terrain as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then it continued onto the north side of the slope facing the plains and went down into the plains”
18:19 p8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the shoulder of Beth Hoglah northward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “to the northern slope of the hill on which the city of Beth Hoglah is built”
18:19 p3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the tongue of the Sea of Salt northward 1 See how you translated the same expression in [15:2](../15/02.md). Alternate translation: “the bay at the north end of the Dead Sea”
18:20 e7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the Jordan borders it to the mouth eastward 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “And the Jordan River is its eastern boundary”
18:28 m4p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and the Jebusite 1 The author is using the term **Jebusite** by association to mean the city in which the Jebusite people group lived. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and the city of the Jebusites”
18:28 b6k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it {is} Jerusalem 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city of the Jebusites is the one they know as **Jerusalem**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
19:intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:1 s149 וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֞א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֤ל הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙ לְ⁠שִׁמְע֔וֹן 1 Alternate translation: “The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon”
19:1 gl7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙ 1 number two in a list
19:1 z9r9 לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑⁠ם 1 Alternate translation: “and Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans”
19:1 u57y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ נַֽחֲלָתָ֔⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָֽה 1 The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance”
19:2 kg51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance.
19:2 eu6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יְהִ֥י לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּ⁠נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “They had the following cities for their inheritance”
19:5 f4vb וְ⁠צִֽקְלַ֥ג 1 See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/31.md).
19:8 uc1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance”
19:8 q586 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which Joshua gave to their clans”
19:9 lep5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מֵ⁠חֶ֨בֶל֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the portion of land which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Judah”
19:9 p2ji בְּ⁠ת֥וֹךְ נַחֲלָתָֽ⁠ם 1 Alternate translation: “the middle of Judah’s portion of land”
19:10 f5gu וַ⁠יַּ֨עַל֙ הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
19:10 s2j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י 1 number three in a list
19:10 vde5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names שָׂרִֽיד 1 This is the name of a city.
19:11 v9gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠מַרְעֲלָ֖ה & בְּ⁠דַבָּ֑שֶׁת & יָקְנְעָֽם 1 These are the names of places.
19:11 gx7v עַל־פְּנֵ֥י יָקְנְעָֽם 1 Alternate translation: “across from Jokneam”
19:12 n9dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִ⁠שָּׂרִ֗יד & כִּסְלֹ֖ת תָּבֹ֑ר & הַ⁠דָּֽבְרַ֖ת & יָפִֽיעַ 1 These are the names of cities.
19:13 dqd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names גִּתָּ֥⁠ה חֵ֖פֶר עִתָּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין & רִמּ֥וֹן & הַ⁠נֵּעָֽה 1 These are the names of cities.
19:14 ja4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חַנָּתֹ֑ן & יִפְתַּח־אֵֽל 1 These are names of places.
19:15 xk4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠קַטָּ֤ת וְ⁠נַֽהֲלָל֙ וְ⁠שִׁמְר֔וֹן וְ⁠יִדְאֲלָ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם 1 These are names of places.
19:15 yn5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠בֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם 1 This is not the same “Bethlehem” that is south of Jerusalem in Judah.
19:16 a4ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻ֖ן 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Zebulun received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Zebulun received as an inheritance”
19:17 fum5 יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הָֽ⁠רְבִיעִ֑י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
19:17 l33x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal הָֽ⁠רְבִיעִ֑י 1 number four in a list
19:18 qmg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּסוּלֹ֖ת וְ⁠שׁוּנֵֽם 1 These are names of cities.
19:19 c3ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וַ⁠חֲפָרַ֥יִם וְ⁠שִׁיאֹ֖ן וַ⁠אֲנָחֲרַֽת 1 These are names of cities.
19:20 mft4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רַבִּ֥ית וְ⁠קִשְׁי֖וֹן וָ⁠אָֽבֶץ 1 These are names of cities.
19:21 b1ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠רֶ֧מֶת וְ⁠עֵין־גַּנִּ֛ים וְ⁠עֵ֥ין חַדָּ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֥ית פַּצֵּֽץ 1 These are names of cities.
19:22 hs7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּ⁠תָב֤וֹר 1 This is the name of a mountain.
19:22 ht1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names ו⁠שחצומ⁠ה 1 This is the name of a city.
19:23 yll2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance”
19:24 lhr4 וַ⁠יֵּצֵא֙ הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַֽ⁠חֲמִישִׁ֔י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
19:24 xa5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal הַֽ⁠חֲמִישִׁ֔י 1 number five in a list
19:25 prg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֶלְקַ֥ת וַ⁠חֲלִ֖י וָ⁠בֶ֥טֶן וְ⁠אַכְשָֽׁף 1 These are the names of cities.
19:26 v6t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠אַֽלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וְ⁠עַמְעָ֖ד וּ⁠מִשְׁאָ֑ל & וּ⁠בְ⁠שִׁיח֖וֹר לִבְנָֽת 1 These are the names of cities.
19:27 pbh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּ֣ית דָּגֹן֒ & וּ⁠בְ⁠גֵ֨י יִפְתַּח־אֵ֥ל & בֵּ֥ית הָעֵ֖מֶק וּ⁠נְעִיאֵ֑ל & כָּב֖וּל 1 These are the names of places.
19:28 ht1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠עֶבְרֹ֥ן וּ⁠רְחֹ֖ב וְ⁠חַמּ֣וֹן וְ⁠קָנָ֑ה 1 These are the names of places.
19:29 q8wz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֹסָ֔ה & אַכְזִֽיבָ⁠ה 1 These are the names of places.
19:30 y1g5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠עֻמָ֥ה וַ⁠אֲפֵ֖ק וּ⁠רְחֹ֑ב 1 These are the names of places.
19:31 x4aq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance”
19:32 jy7g יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
19:32 jjm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י 1 number six in a list
19:33 syr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מֵ⁠חֵ֨לֶף & בְּ⁠צַעֲנַנִּ֗ים וַ⁠אֲדָמִ֥י הַנֶּ֛קֶב וְ⁠יַבְנְאֵ֖ל & לַקּ֑וּם 1 These are the names of cities.
19:34 lu5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אַזְנ֣וֹת תָּב֔וֹר & חוּקֹ֑קָ⁠ה 1 These are the names of cities.
19:35 h8p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ⁠צִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְ⁠חַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְ⁠כִנָּֽרֶת 1 These are the names of cities.
19:35 lq51 וְ⁠חַמַּ֖ת 1 This is not the same location as “Hamath,” but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee.
19:36 e379 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וַ⁠אֲדָמָ֥ה וְ⁠הָ⁠רָמָ֖ה וְ⁠חָצֽוֹר 1 These are the names of cities.
19:37 vez5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠קֶ֥דֶשׁ וְ⁠אֶדְרֶ֖עִי וְ⁠עֵ֥ין חָצֽוֹר 1 These are the names of cities.
19:38 jp9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠יִרְאוֹן֙ וּ⁠מִגְדַּל־אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּ⁠בֵית־עֲנָ֖ת וּ⁠בֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ 1 These are names of cities.
19:39 s9en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִ֖י 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Naphtali received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Naphtali received as an inheritance”
19:40 q3a2 יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֥ל הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִֽי 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
19:40 b1tt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִֽי 1 number seven in a list
19:41 d7it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor גְּב֣וּל נַחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם 1 The land that the tribe of Dan received is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The territory of land that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance”
19:41 b8bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names צָרְעָ֥ה וְ⁠אֶשְׁתָּא֖וֹל וְ⁠עִ֥יר שָֽׁמֶשׁ 1 These are the names of places.
19:42 q637 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠שַֽׁעֲלַבִּ֥ין וְ⁠אַיָּל֖וֹן וְ⁠יִתְלָֽה 1 These are the names of places.
19:43 sht1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠אֵיל֥וֹן וְ⁠תִמְנָ֖תָ⁠ה וְ⁠עֶקְרֽוֹן 1 These are the names of cities.
19:44 gca7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠אֶלְתְּקֵ֥ה וְ⁠גִבְּת֖וֹן וּ⁠בַעֲלָֽת 1 These are the names of cities.
19:45 yan4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וִ⁠יהֻ֥ד וּ⁠בְנֵֽי־בְרַ֖ק וְ⁠גַת־רִמּֽוֹן 1 These are the names of cities.
19:46 ddh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠מֵ֥י הַיַּרְק֖וֹן וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רַקּ֑וֹן 1 These are the names of cities.
19:46 w42c מ֥וּל יָפֽוֹ 1 Alternate translation: “opposite Joppa” or “beside Joppa”
19:47 i8zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לֶ֜שֶׁם 1 This is the name of a city.
19:48 cx9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־דָ֖ן 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Dan received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance”
19:49 jzi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּתְּנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל נַחֲלָ֛ה לִ⁠יהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן בְּ⁠תוֹכָֽ⁠ם 1 The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun”
19:50 ac8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־תִּמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח 1 This is the name of a city.
19:51 cs47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵ֣לֶּה הַ⁠נְּחָלֹ֡ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִחֲל֣וּ 1 The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “These are the portions of land and the cities … assigned as inheritances”
20:intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Cities of Refuge\n\nIf a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: “Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])
20:2 qhs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 Here “hand of Moses” refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. Alternate translation: “through the things that Moses wrote”
20:3 a1vg מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֖ה 1 This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so.
20:3 h73b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠גֹּאֵ֖ל הַ⁠דָּֽם 1 Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:4 u2dh וְ⁠נָ֞ס 1 Here the word “he” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
20:4 p1sg וְ⁠דִבֶּ֛ר בְּ⁠אָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָ⁠עִֽיר הַ⁠הִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑י⁠ו 1 “convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person.”
20:4 dhh4 וְ⁠אָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤⁠וֹ 1 The word “they” refers to the elders and “him” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
20:4 k969 וְ⁠יָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽ⁠ם 1 This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only.
20:5 x945 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy גֹּאֵ֤ל הַ⁠דָּם֙ 1 Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:5 u27s בִ⁠בְלִי־דַ֨עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔⁠הוּ 1 accidentally killed his neighbor
20:6 c6fe עָמְד֞⁠וֹ לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י הָֽ⁠עֵדָה֙ 1 This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens.
20:7 lyr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 # General Information:\n\nThere are a lot of names in this section.
20:8 cy8e לְ⁠יַרְדֵּ֤ן 1 This is a short name for the Jordan River.
20:9 b89x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּ⁠יַד֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 Here “by the hand” is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: “would not be killed by the one”
20:9 j61z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy גֹּאֵ֣ל הַ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:1 o4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal And the second lot 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And lot number two”
19:8 b5n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Baalath Beer (Ramah of the Negev) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city known as **Baalath Beer** is the one they know as **Ramah of the Negev**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
19:13 p7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive being turned 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “turning”
19:14 p3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns it 1 The pronoun **it** refers to Neah. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Neah”
19:15 e6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Bethlehem 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Bethlehem”
19:15 e8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 12 cities and their villages 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is not listing all 12 of the cities that belonged to Zebulun but that the ones he does list were among them. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “these were among their 12 cities with their villages”
19:18 m4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And their border {was} Jezreel and Chesulloth and Shunem 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included the following cities: Jezreel and Chesulloth and Shunem”
19:25 m6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And their border {was} Helkath and Hali and Beten and Akshaph 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included the following cities: Helkath and Hali and Beten and Akshaph”
19:26 p5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And it met with Carmel 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the border or territory of Asher. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And their border began at Mount Carmel”
19:27 e7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from the left 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is speaking from the perspective of a person facing east, which was the customary orientation in this culture. So **left** means “north.” You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to the north”
19:29 a4k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the city of fortification of Tyre 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fortification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the fortified city of Tyre”
19:30 e8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 22 cities and their villages 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that he is not listing all 22 of the cities that belonged to Asher but that the ones he does list were among them. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “these were among their 22 cities with their villages”
19:35 a5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns And the cities of fortification 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fortification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “And the fortified cities”
19:41 m6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And the border of their inheritance was 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the territory that the leaders gave to them included”
19:47 p4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification But the border of the sons of Dan went out from them 1 The author is speaking of the **border**, here representing the territory, as if it were a living thing that could move by itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But enemies reconquered some of the territory of the tribe of Dan”
19:47 p7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and they struck it to the mouth of the sword 1 See how you translated the same expression in [8:24](../08/24.md). Alternate translation: “and they attacked it and killed everyone who lived there”
19:47 m3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their father Dan 1 The author is speaking as if **Dan** were the actual **father(( of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their ancestor Dan”
19:50 m8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Upon the mouth of Yahweh 1 The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “As Yahweh had commanded”
19:50 e6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And he built the city 1 Since the city of **Timnath Serah** already existed, the author seems to mean implicitly that Joshua rebuilt the city after the Israelites had attacked and conquered it or that Joshua fortified and expanded it. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Joshua rebuilt the city” or “And Joshua fortified and expanded the city”
19:50 w599 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche And he built the city 1 The author is using Joshua to represent everyone who worked to rebuild or fortify **Timnath Serah**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And Joshua had the city rebuilt” or “And Joshua directed the fortification and expansion of the city”
19:51 e5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and the heads of the fathers of 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:1](../14/01.md). Alternate translation: “and the heads of the father’s houses of” or “and the men who led the extended families of”
20:intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes
20:2 q4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘Give for yourselves the cities of refuge that I spoke to you by the hand of Moses 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Speak to the sons of Israel and tell them to give for themselves the cities of refuge that I spoke to them about by the hand of Moses”
20:2 s5n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
20:3 q6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes for you 1 If you have decided to translate the quotation within a quotation in verses 2–6 as an indirect quotation, it will be appropriate to use the third person here. Alternate translation: “for them”
20:3 u4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown from the avenger of blood 1 In this culture, an **avenger of blood** was a close relative who had the right and responsibility to execute someone who had murdered one of his relatives. If your readers would not be familiar with this role, in your translation you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “from a relative who has the right to execute someone who has murdered his relative”
20:4 p7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And he shall flee 1 The pronoun **he** refers to anyone who has killed someone accidentally. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the person who has killed someone accidentally shall flee”
20:4 m3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and he shall speak his words in the ears of the elders of that city 1 Yahweh is using the term **words** to mean what this person would say by using words, and he is using the term **ears** by association to mean hearing and understanding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and he shall explain his situation to the elders of that city so that they understand it”
20:5 i5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from yesterday {or} the third day 1 See how you translated the same expression in [3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “in the past”
20:6 a4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns for judgment 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to judge his case” or “to decide whether he is actually guilty of murder”
20:6 e6k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis until the death of the great priest 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and even if he is found innocent, he must still remain there until the death of the high priest”
20:6 m8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who is in those days 1 Yahweh is using the expression **in those days** by association to mean serving as high priest at that time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “who is serving at that time”
20:7 b5k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background it is Hebron 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city he calls **Kiriath Arba** is the one they know as **Hebron**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
20:9 a7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the cities of appointment 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appointment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the cities that were appointed”
21:intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:1 js4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶלְעָזָר֙ & נ֑וּן 1 These are names of men.
21:2 wk1t וַ⁠יְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֜ם 1 Alternate translation: “The Levites said to them”
21:2 wk1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה בְ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה 1 The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to command you”
21:3 f9ei אֶת־הֶ⁠עָרִ֥ים 1 This refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses.
21:4 r4ry וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֥א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל 1 A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
21:4 fl2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֑י 1 This priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson.
21:5 iwh3 וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֲצִ֨י 1 Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before crossing the Jordan River.
21:6 bk5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names גֵרְשׁ֗וֹן 1 Gershon was one of the sons of Levi.
21:6 ezu2 בַּ⁠גּוֹרָ֔ל 1 A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
21:7 cg61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מְרָרִ֜י 1 Merari was one of the sons of Levi.
21:8 qe5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֖ה 1 The phrase “by the hand of” here means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had told Moses to command”
21:10 t6l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִ⁠מִּשְׁפְּח֥וֹת הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֖י 1 The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](../21/02.md).
21:10 tnp1 הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל 1 A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
21:11 vkd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background אַרְבַּ֨ע אֲבִ֧י הָֽ⁠עֲנ֛וֹק 1 This is background information about the name of the man who founded the city of Kiriath Arba.
21:11 mn2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָֽ⁠עֲנ֛וֹק 1 This is the name of a man.
21:11 vd7d בְּ⁠הַ֣ר 1 An area of land with natural elevations, smaller than mountains.
21:11 kwe7 מִגְרָשֶׁ֖⁠הָ 1 An area covered with grass or plants suitable for the grazing of livestock or cattle.
21:12 aj9s שְׂדֵ֥ה הָ⁠עִ֖יר 1 Areas of open land, usually, planted with crops, belonging to and surrounding the city.
21:12 uz84 חֲצֵרֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 Small communities, usually smaller than a town.
21:13 p1nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לִבְנָ֖ה 1 This is the name of a city.
21:14 q8gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יַתִּר֙ & אֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ 1 These are all names of cities.
21:15 cb4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֹלֹן֙ & דְּבִ֖ר 1 These are all names of cities.
21:16 bx8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עַ֣יִן & יֻטָּה֙ 1 These are all names of cities.
21:17 e8r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֔ן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Benjamin gave Gibeon”
21:17 fd6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־גֶּ֖בַע 1 This is the name of a city.
21:18 sk7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־עֲנָתוֹת֙ & עַלְמ֖וֹן 1 These are names of cities.
21:19 ha9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עָרִ֖ים 1 “13 cities”
21:20 lfp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָת֙ 1 The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson.
21:20 x8eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ עָרֵ֣י גֽוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they received cities”
21:20 tg75 גֽוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם 1 A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
21:21 kz7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names גֶּ֖זֶר 1 This is the name of a city.
21:22 tv2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קִבְצַ֨יִם֙ & בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן 1 names of cities
21:22 r4hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 This refers to the list by the total number.
21:23 dw9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּ֨טֵּה־דָ֔ן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Dan gave to the clan of Kohath Eltekeh”
21:23 r7qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶֽת־אֶלְתְּקֵ֖א & גִּבְּת֖וֹן 1 These are names of cities.
21:24 g45w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־אַיָּלוֹן֙ & אֶת־גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן 1 These are names of cities.
21:24 g4ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 This refers to the number of cities.
21:25 e6cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִֽ⁠מַּחֲצִית֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach”
21:25 yn8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙ & גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן 1 These are names of cities.
21:26 hn9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָ֖ת 1 The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson.
21:27 knk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־גּוֹלָ֤ן & אֶֽת־בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה 1 names of cities
21:27 bmc9 הָ⁠רֹצֵ֔חַ 1 This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person.
21:27 a1zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם 1 number of cities
21:28 r9hc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־קִשְׁי֖וֹן & אֶת־דָּֽבְרַ֖ת 1 names of cities
21:29 u8z9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־יַרְמוּת֙ & עֵ֥ין גַּנִּ֖ים 1 names of cities
21:30 rbf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֔ר אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They received from the tribe of Asher Mishal”
21:30 px1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל & אֶת־עַבְדּ֖וֹ 1 names of cities
21:31 ziw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־חֶלְקָת֙ & רְחֹ֖ב 1 names of cities
21:32 h2j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חַמֹּ֥ת דֹּאר֙ & קַרְתָּ֖ן 1 These are names of cities.
21:33 c7dt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עִ֖יר 1 “13 cities in total”
21:34 yuv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־מְרָרִי֮ הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֣ם הַ⁠נּוֹתָרִים֒ מֵ⁠אֵת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: The rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—received from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam”
21:34 ws8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מְרָרִי֮ 1 This is a man’s name.
21:34 ng32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם & אֶת־קַרְתָּ֖ה 1 These are the names of cities.
21:35 ek4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־דִּמְנָה֙ & אֶֽת־נַהֲלָ֖ל 1 names of cities
21:36 dh5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־בֶּ֖צֶר & וְ⁠אֶת־יַ֖הְצָ⁠ה 1 names of cities
21:37 jbp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 This refers to the total number of cities.
21:37 e538 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־קְדֵמוֹת֙ & מֵיפָ֖עַת 1 names of cities
21:38 r7m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־רָמֹ֥ת & מַחֲנַ֖יִם 1 These are the names of cities.
21:39 a2l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ & אֶת־יַעְזֵ֖ר 1 These are names of cities.
21:40 x17x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה 1 “12 cities in total”
21:40 q83e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠יְהִי֙ גּוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they received these twelve cities by the casting of lots”
21:40 at28 גּוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם 1 A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
21:41 g7z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כֹּ֚ל עָרֵ֣י הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Levites received their cities from the middle of the land”
21:41 z9gj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֛ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּ⁠שְׁמֹנֶ֖ה 1 “48 cities”
21:43 q5na נִשְׁבַּ֖ע 1 Alternate translation: “he gave an oath”
21:44 t1a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְ⁠לֹא־עָ֨מַד אִ֤ישׁ בִּ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶם֙ מִ⁠כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “They defeated every one of their enemies”
21:44 lg6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠יָדָֽ⁠ם 1 Here “into their hand” means “into their power.” Alternate translation: “gave them power to defeat all their enemies”
21:45 u1ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹֽא־נָפַ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּל֙ הַ⁠דָּבָ֣ר הַ⁠טּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true”
21:1 e5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And the heads of the fathers of & the heads of the fathers of 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:1](../14/01.md). Alternate translation: “And the heads of the father’s houses of ... the heads of the father’s houses of” or “And the men who led the extended families of ... the men who led the extended families of”
21:2 s4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
21:3 m6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy upon the mouth of Yahweh 1 See how you translated the same expression in [19:50](../19/50.md). Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded”
21:4 e7p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the lot came out for the clans of the Kohathite. And for the sons of Aaron the priest, from the Levites, there were 13 cities by the lot 1 The author assumes that readers will understand that the leaders decided to assign cities to the groups of Levites in a particular order (Kohathite priests, Kohathite non-priests, Gershonites, and Merarites) and then cast lots to see which cities would go to each group. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The leaders started by casting lots to decide which cities would belong to the Levites from the Kohathite clan who were priests, descendants of Aaron. The lot selected 13 cities for them”
21:5 e3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And for the remaining sons of Kohath 1 The author assumes that readers will understand what he means by **remaining**. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And for the descendants of Kohath who were not priests, descendants of Aaron”
21:8 s5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
21:9 p4k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns which one calls them by name 1 Here, **one** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “which are mentioned here by name”
21:10 o7n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the first lot 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “lot number one”
21:11 b6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Kiriath Arba (the father of the Anak, it is Hebron) 1 See how you presented the similar background information that the author provides in [14:15](../14/15.md) about the former and current name of this city.
21:17 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And from the tribe of Benjamin 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And from the tribe of Benjamin they gave these cities:”
21:20 e4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining ones from the sons of Kohath 1 The author assumes that readers will understand what he means by **remaining**. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Kohath who were not priests”
21:21 e6k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Gezer and its pasturelands 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And they gave them Gezer and its pasturelands”
21:26 e5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining clans of the sons of Kohath 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate translation: “the clans of Kohath’s descendants who were not priests”
21:34 e7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining Levites 1 In this case, the term **remaining** means something different than it did in verses 5 and 26. The author is using it to refer implicitly to the last group of Levites, which had not yet received any cities. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the group of Levites that was still waiting to receive cities”
21:40 e3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remaining ones from the clans of the Levites 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [21:34](../21/34.md). Alternate translation: “the clan of Levites that was still waiting to receive cities”
21:42 i4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom These cities were city, city, and its pasturelands around it 1 The author is using a common expression to mean that this was true of each city individually. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Each one of these cities had its own pasturelands around it”
21:43 m6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to their fathers 1 The author is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their ancestors”
21:44 m5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to their fathers 1 The author is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their ancestors”
21:44 i7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And a man did not stand against their faces from all of their enemies 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md) and [2:11](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “Not a single one of their enemies had been able to resist them”
21:45 m3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A word did not fall from every good word that Yahweh had spoken 1 The author is speaking as if Yahweh’s words were objects that could fall to the ground and be lost. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Not a single one of the good words Yahweh had spoken failed to come true”
21:45 p8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The whole came 1 The author is speaking of **the whole** (that is, everything that Yahweh had promised) as if it were a living thing that could **come** somewhere. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Everything happened just as he said it would”
22:intro l4hr 0 # Joshua 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument\n\nThe tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.
22:1 ic3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִ֖י 1 people of the tribe of Reuben
22:1 w3xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֑י 1 people of the tribe of Gad

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
660 14:15 p9k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification And the land rested from war 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “And there was no more war in the land”
661 15:intro ght5 0 # Joshua 15 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
662 15:1 j061 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the lot 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned to the tribe of Judah by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory assigned”
663 15:1 i5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the wilderness of Zin in the Negev from the end of the south 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative to another in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations this in the way that your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “to the wilderness of Zin in the Negev at its extreme southern end” As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative to another in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way that your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “to the wilderness of Zin in the Negev at its extreme southern end”
664 15:2 n3p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Sea of Salt 1 See how you translated this name in [3:16](../03/16.md) and [12:3](../12/03.md). Alternate translation: “the Dead Sea”
665 15:2 j062 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the tongue 1 The author is speaking of this sea as if it were a living thing that had a **tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the bay”
666 15:3 t4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate the Ascent of Akrabbim 1 **Akrabbim** is a Hebrew word that the ULT has spelled out using English letters so that readers will know how it sounds. The word means “scorpions” in Hebrew, and here it is the name of a place. In your translation you could spell this name the way it sounds in your language, or you could express its meaning as a name. Alternate translation: “Scorpion Pass”
726 16:9 j067 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive set apart 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the Israelite leaders set apart”
727 16:10 g4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Canaanite & the Canaanite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means Canaanites in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … the Canaanites”
728 17:intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Manasseh’s lack of faith\nEven though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
729 17:1 j2sj m4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠מָכִיר֩ And a lot was 1 These are men’s names. The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And a territory was assigned by lot”
730 17:1 zuz5 b3k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וַֽ⁠יְהִי־ל֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠גִּלְעָ֥ד וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּשָֽׁן Now he was the firstborn of Joseph 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir’s descendants” The author is reminding readers of what he has already told them in [16:4](../16/04.md), that the descendants of Joseph had become the two tribes of Ephraim and **Manasseh**. So most of the tribal allotments went to descendants of Jacob’s sons, but the allotments described in [16:5–10](../16/05.md) and in this chapter went to descendants of Jacob’s grandsons.
731 17:2 17:1 al47 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲבִיעֶ֜זֶר & חֵ֗לֶק & אַשְׂרִיאֵל֙ & שֶׁ֔כֶם & חֵ֖פֶר & שְׁמִידָ֑ע For Makir, the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead 1 These are men’s names. Be sure that it is clear in your translation that **Makir**, not **Manasseh**, was the **father of Gilead**. Alternate translation: “For Makir, who was the firstborn of Manasseh and who was the father of Gilead”
732 17:2 17:1 us2l m7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ֠⁠יְהִי because he was a man of war, so to him 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned land … and gave them to their clans” The author is using the singular pronouns **he** and **him**, representing Makir, by association to mean his descendants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “because his descendants were great warriors, so to them”
733 17:3 17:2 u2e9 p6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠לִ⁠צְלָפְחָד֩ & חֵ֨פֶ And it was 1 These are men’s names. The pronoun **it** refers to the territory assigned by lot on the west side of the Jordan River. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the territory assigned by lot on the west side of the Jordan River was”
734 17:3 k5z5 e4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions מַחְלָ֣ה וְ⁠נֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְ⁠תִרְצָֽה no sons were to him, if not daughters 1 These are women’s names. If it would appear in your language that the author was making a statement and then contradicting it, you could reword this as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “the only children he had were daughters”
735 17:4 x2q2 m8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶלְעָזָ֨ר And they came near to the face of Eleazar the priest and to the face of Joshua, the son of Nun, and to the face of the leaders 1 This is the name of a man. The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the presence of a person or group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And they came into the presence of Eleazar the priest; Joshua, the son of Nun; and the leaders” or “And they approached Eleazar the priest; Joshua, the son of Nun; and the leaders”
736 17:4 q55m m3k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לָֽ⁠תֶת־לָ֥⁠נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה an inheritance 1 The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “to give to us some land as an inheritance” As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the term **inheritance** means by association a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “a lasting possession of land”
737 17:4 s6fd m5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן לָ⁠הֶ֜ם & נַֽחֲלָ֔ה our brothers 1 This could mean: (1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or (2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.” Since, as [17:3](../17/03.md) indicates, these women had no actual **brothers**, they are using that term to refer to their relatives. Alternate translation: “the other members of our tribe”
738 17:5 17:4 d1c3 p2k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה And he gave 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned ten parcels of land” The pronoun **he** refers to Joshua. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Joshua gave”
739 17:5 17:4 z7zr m7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חַבְלֵֽי & עֲשָׂרָ֑ה according to the mouth of Yahweh 1 Alternate translation: “Ten portions” The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “according to what Yahweh had commanded”
740 17:6 17:4 d9gb k3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship נָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה the brothers of their father 1 The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received land as an inheritance” Your language may have its own term or expression for this relationship. Alternate translation: “their uncles”
741 17:6 17:5 qbx1 m4k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠גִּלְעָ֔ד הָיְתָ֥ה לִ⁠בְנֵֽי So ten portions of Manasseh fell 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead” See how you translated the similar expression in [13:6](../13/06.md). Alternate translation: “So the leaders assigned ten portions of land by lot to the tribe of Manasseh”
742 17:7 17:5 jln6 e8p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין So ten portions of Manasseh fell 1 toward the south The meaning in context seems to be that five of these **portions** went to the clans named in [17:2](../17/02.md) and the other five went to the daughters of Zelophehad and their descendants. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “So the leaders assigned portions of land to the five clans descended from Manasseh’s sons and to the five daughters of Zelphehad and their families”
743 17:7 17:5 dfe9 i5k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַֽ⁠מִּכְמְתָ֔ת & תַּפּֽוּחַ which {were} from the other side of the Jordan 1 These are the names of places. As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative to another from his own perspective and in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “on the east side of the Jordan River”
744 17:9 17:6 k7gp m6p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠גְּבוּל֩ the daughters of Manasseh & his sons 1 Alternate translation: “The border of Manasseh’s land” The author is speaking of these people as if they were the actual **daughters** and **sons** of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the female descendants of Manasseh who had no brothers ... his male descendants”
745 17:9 17:7 l2af m3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נַ֨חַל which is on the face of Shechem 1 a very small river The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “which is next to Shechem”
746 17:9 17:8 qvi8 b5p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background קָנָ֜ה The land of Tappuah was to Manasseh, but Tappuah at the border of Manasseh {was} to the sons of Ephraim 1 name of a brook The author is providing background information to help readers understand that while the territory around Tappuah belonged to Manasseh, the city of Tappuah itself belonged to Ephraim. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
747 17:10 17:9 mi9b e7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠אָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּ⁠ן מִ⁠צָּפ֔וֹן and its goings out were seaward 1 This could mean: (1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or (2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **seaward**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea”
748 17:10 fj36 e4n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִ⁠מִּזְרָֽח Southward {was} to Ephraim, and northward {was} to Manasseh 1 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to the east, one can reach Issachar” The author assumes that readers will understand he is referring to the land on either side of the wadi of Kanah. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The land south of the wadi of Kanah belonged to Ephraim, while the land north of the wadi belonged to Manasseh”
749 17:11 17:10 s1sn p8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן & וְ⁠יִבְלְעָ֨ם & דֹ֣אר & עֵֽין־דֹּר֙ & תַעְנַךְ֙ & מְגִדּ֖וֹ & הַ⁠נָּֽפֶת its border 1 These are the names of places. The pronoun **its** refers to the territory of Manasseh. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Manasseh’s western border”
750 17:14 17:10 b4j6 p3m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף And it met 1 This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. The pronoun **it** refers to the territory of Manasseh. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Manasseh’s territory met”
751 17:14 17:11 sk37 m5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַדּוּעַ֩ נָתַ֨תָּה לִּ֜⁠י נַחֲלָ֗ה גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד וַֽ⁠אֲנִ֣י עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־עַד־כֹּ֖ה בֵּֽרְכַ֥⁠נִי יְהוָֽה and its daughters 1 The people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh ask this question to emphasize that Joshua should have assigned to them more land. Alternate translation: “You should have given us more than one … Yahweh has blessed us.” The author is speaking of these towns as if they were the **daughters** of the main cities. Alternate translation: “and its surrounding towns”
752 17:14 17:11 ju22 e9p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד the three of a height 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. In the second, the land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “one assignment of land as our inheritance” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This could mean: (1) that the last three cities mentioned, **En Dor**, **Taanach**, and **Megiddo**, were located on heights. They were all near the city of **Dor**, and they may have been considered part of the “heights of Dor” mentioned in [11:2](../11/02.md). Alternate translation: “these last three cities being in the heights of Dor” (2) that the author wants readers to recognize that the city he calls **Dor** was also known as Naphoth Dor. The word translated as **a height** could be a proper name, Naphoth. Alternate translation: “the third city on this list also being known as Naphoth Dor”
753 17:14 17:12 dg92 g4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל the Canaanite & they did not dispossess him 1 part The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means the Canaanite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … they did not dispossess them”
754 17:14 17:13 p7z5 r5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד But dispossessing, they did not dispossess him 1 Alternate translation: “many people” The author is repeating the verb **dispossess** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “But they definitely did not drive them out”
755 17:15 17:14 d24l ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִם־עַם־רַ֤ב אַתָּה֙ Why have you given to me {as} an inheritance one lot and one portion, when I am a numerous people, since Yahweh has blessed me unto now? 1 Alternate translation: “Since you are a people great in number” The descendants of Joseph are using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not have given us only one lot, one portion, as an inheritance! After all, we are a numerous people, since Yahweh has blessed us unto now.”
756 17:15 17:14 psc4 p3k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רְפָאִ֑ים to me & when I am & has blessed me 1 This is the name of a people group. The author is speaking of the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person who could speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns, as the author himself does in verse 16. Alternate translation: “to us ... when we are ... has blessed us”
757 17:16 17:14 g788 d7m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּ⁠בֵית־שְׁאָן֙ & יִזְרְעֶֽאל one lot and one portion 1 These are the names of places. The terms **lot** and **portion** mean similar things. The descendants of Joseph are using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “only one portion of land”
758 17:17 17:15 wa3y p8n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף you are & go up for yourself & and you shall clear for yourself & to you 1 Here the word “house” refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” Joshua is speaking to the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person who could receive commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “all of you are ... go up for yourselves ... you shall clear for yourselves ... to all of you”
759 17:18 17:15 w4m4 e4k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בֵ֣רֵאת֔⁠וֹ and you shall clear 1 Alternate translation: “you will clear the forest of trees” or “you will cut down its trees” The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and you shall clear the land”
760 17:15 g6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Perizzite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Perizzite**. He means the Perizzite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Perizzites”
761 17:15 i3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom is narrow to you 1 Joshua is using a common expression to mean there is not enough space. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is not big enough for you”
762 17:16 g5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun and a chariot of iron {is} with every Canaanite 1 The descendants of Joseph are not referring to a specific **Canaanite** or to a specific **chariot**. They mean the members of the Canaanite people group in general and the chariots they possess. It may be more natural in your language to express these meanings using plural forms. Alternate translation: “and the Canaanites all have iron chariots”
763 17:16 m2k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and a chariot of iron 1 The metal iron was barely used during this time period, so this is not a reference to chariots entirely made of **iron**. Those would have been too heavy for any practical use in warfare anyway. It is probably a reference by association to chariots whose wheels or floor were strengthened with iron or that had iron studs or points to make them more destructive when used in ramming. Alternate translation: “chariots fitted out with iron”
764 17:17 m7p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to the house of Joseph 1 The author is speaking of the tribes descended from Joseph as if they were a **house**. He is envisioning them as if they were one household living together. Alternate translation: “to the tribes descended from Joseph”
765 17:17 p4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification You {are} & {is} to you & to you 1 Joshua is speaking of the tribes of Joseph as if they were a single person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly using plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “All of you are ... is to all of you all ... to all of you”
766 17:17 d8n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives There will not be one lot to you 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the term **one**, which is negative in this context. Alternate translation: “You will receive more than one lot”
767 17:17 apm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy one lot 1 Joshua is using the term **lot** by association to a portion of territory assigned by lot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “one portion of territory”
768 17:18 g2k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases For & For 1 Joshua is using the word **For** in each instance to introduce the reason for what he has just said. Alternate translation: “You will have more than one portion because ... This is also true because”
769 17:18 s5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche and its goings out will be to you 1 The author is using one part of the territory, its **goings out** or boundaries, to mean all of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and all of that territory will belong to you”
770 18:intro j38i 0 # Joshua 18 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
771 18:1 fkg2 r4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ נִכְבְּשָׁ֖ה לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶֽם And the land was subdued to their face 1 They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “after they had conquered the land” If it would be more natural in your language, you could move this clause to the beginning of the verse, since it gives the reason for the result that the rest of the verse describes. Alternate translation: “Since the land was subdued to their face”
772 18:2 18:1 ynk6 tjtj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָלְק֖וּ אֶת־נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם And the land was subdued 1 The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The author is using the term **land** by association to mean the people groups who had been living in the land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the people groups who lived in the land were subdued”
773 18:3 18:1 bia9 p3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive עַד־אָ֨נָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם מִתְרַפִּ֔ים לָ⁠בוֹא֙ לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָ⁠כֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם And the land was subdued 1 Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: “For long enough, you have put off … has given you.” If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they had subdued the land” or “And they had subdued the people groups who were living in the land”
774 18:4 18:1 p7hg s5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠יִֽתְהַלְּכ֥וּ בָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ to their face 1 The words “up and down” mean in every direction. Alternate translation: “the land in every direction” or “throughout the land” The author is using the term **face** by association to mean what was in front of the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before them”
775 18:4 18:2 zry7 p7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠יִכְתְּב֥וּ אוֹתָ֛⁠הּ לְ⁠פִ֥י נַֽחֲלָתָ֖⁠ם they had not divided 1 This means that they will describe the portions of land that each tribe would like to receive for an inheritance. The pronoun **they** refers to Joshua and the leaders of Israel. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Joshua and the leaders had not divided”
776 18:4 18:2 lh9w m4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נַֽחֲלָתָ֖⁠ם their inheritance 1 The land that they are to survey is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that each of the tribes would receive as a permanent possession. As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the term **inheritance** means by association a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “a lasting possession of land”
777 18:5 18:3 e13l ID rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to the sons of Israel 0 1 # General Information:\n\nJoshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel. The context makes clear that the author is using an entire group, the **sons of Israel**, to mean one part of that group, the Israelite tribes that had not yet received any land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the leaders of those tribes”
778 18:5 18:3 dmy4 r5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠הִֽתְחַלְּק֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠הּ Unto when will you slacken yourselves to enter to possess the land that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given to you? 1 Alternate translation: “They will divide the land” Joshua is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You must stop being so slow to enter and take possession of the land that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given to you!”
779 18:5 18:3 y5gn m6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְהוּדָ֞ה יַעֲמֹ֤ד your fathers 1 Alternate translation: “The tribe of Judah will remain” Joshua is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors”
780 18:5 18:4 d41l i3n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠בֵ֥ית יוֹסֵ֛ף and they shall arise 1 Here the word “house” represents the descendants of Joseph. The phrase refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) As in the similar expressions in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [1:2](../01/02.md), Joshua is using the term **arise** to mean “take action.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they will act on this matter”
781 18:7 18:4 v3qr i8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of their inheritance 0 1 # General Information:\n\nJoshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel. Joshua is using the expression **the mouth** to mean “the needs,” since people need food to put in their mouths. Alternate translation: “according to what they need to inherit” or “according to the number of regions that these remaining tribes will need to live in”
782 18:7 18:5 e6s8 m4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵֽין־חֵ֤לֶק will stand on its border & will stand on their border 1 Alternate translation: “no portion of land” Joshua is using the term **border** by association in both instances to mean territory enclosed within borders. The word **stand** has the sense of “remain.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “will remain in its territory ... will remain in their territory” or “will retain all of its territory ... will retain all of their territory”
783 18:7 18:5 kus7 i7k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כִּֽי־כְהֻנַּ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה נַחֲלָת֑⁠וֹ from the south & from the north 1 Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. Alternate translation: “for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have” As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative another from his own perspective and in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations in the way that your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “in the south ... in the north” or “in the southern part of the land of Canaan ... in the northern part of the land of Canaan”
784 18:7 18:6 eqg6 m5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠חֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽ⁠מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה to the face of 1 Alternate translation: “half of the tribe of Manasseh” Joshua is using the term **face** by association to mean the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
785 18:7 18:8 cyc8 i4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לָקְח֣וּ נַחֲלָתָ֗⁠ם And the men arose 1 The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “have received land as their inheritance” The author is using a common expression to mean that these men took action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the men acted on these instructions”
786 18:8 18:11 t1cr e6p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the lot of the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their clans came up 0 1 # General Information:\n\nJoshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land. The author assumes that readers will understand that he means the first **lot**, that is, the lot that assigned the first of these seven divisions of territory. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And when Joshua threw the lot, it selected the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their clans to receive the first division of the land the men had described”
787 18:8 18:11 p238 m3k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָ⁠אָ֜רֶץ And the border of their lot 1 The words “up and down” mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](../18/04.md). Alternate translation: “in every direction in the land” or “throughout the land” The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the border of their assigned territory”
788 18:10 18:11 pz3n m8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כְּ⁠מַחְלְקֹתָֽ⁠ם between the sons of Judah and between the sons of Joseph 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to each tribe Joshua gave their portion in the land” The author is using the terms **sons of Judah** and **sons of Joseph** by association to mean the territories of these tribes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “between the territory of Judah’s descendants and the territory of Joseph’s descendants”
789 18:11 18:12 hd7v e5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּ⁠בֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף to the mouth of the north 1 Alternate translation: “between the land that belonged to the descendants of Judah and the land that belonged to the descendants of Joseph” Here the word **mouth** has the sense of “end” or “edge,” perhaps because the mouth of an animal is typically at one end of it. Alternate translation: “on the northern end of their territory” or “on the northern edge of their territory”
790 18:11 18:12 ib4f p7n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף the shoulder of Jericho from the north 1 This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. The author is speaking of the mound on which **Jericho** was built as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the northern slope of the Jericho mound”
791 18:12 18:13 ij99 p4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן to the shoulder of Luz southward 1 This is the name of a place. The author is speaking of the hill on which **Luz** was built as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the southern slope of the hill on which the city of Luz is built”
792 18:13 hx15 b6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background ל֨וּזָ⁠ה֙ & בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל & עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר & לְ⁠בֵית־חֹר֖וֹן it {is} Bethel 1 These are the names of places. The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city formerly known as **Luz** is the one they know as **Bethel**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
793 18:14 h4e6 m5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠גְּבוּל֩ that {is} on the face of Beth Horon southward 1 This refers to the same thing as “the border” in verse 13. The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “that is next to Beth Horon on the south”
794 18:14 eq7x b8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background קִרְיַת־בַּ֨עַל֙ & קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים it {is} Kiriath Jearim 1 These are the names of places. The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city known as **Kiriath Baal** is the one they know as **Kiriath Jearim**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
795 18:15 18:14 ulq2 e3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֑ים & נֶפְתּֽוֹחַ This {was} the mouth of the sea 1 These are the names of places. See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “This was the western edge of the territory”
796 18:16 18:15 br6t e7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם & רְפָאִ֖ים & הִנֹּ֜ם & עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל And the mouth southward 1 These are the names of places. See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “And the southern boundary”
797 18:17 18:16 d8dt m4p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ & גְּלִיל֔וֹת & אֲדֻמִּ֑ים that {is} on the face of the Valley of Ben Hinnom 1 These are the names of places. The author is using the term **face** by association to mean the area in front of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “that is next to the Valley of Ben Hinnom”
798 18:17 18:16 z2mh m6k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן to the shoulder of the Jebusite to the south 1 This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/06.md). See how you translated the similar expression in [15:8](../15/08.md). Alternate translation: “to the southern slope of Mount Zion”
799 18:18 g6td p5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification כֶּ֥תֶף מוּל־הָֽ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה And it passed over to the shoulder of the front of the Arabah northward and went down to the Arabah 1 Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the slope of Beth Arabah” The author is speaking of the terrain as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then it continued onto the north side of the slope facing the plains and went down into the plains”
800 18:18 18:19 b98y p8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מוּל־הָֽ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה the shoulder of Beth Hoglah northward 1 This is the name of a city. See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “to the northern slope of the hill on which the city of Beth Hoglah is built”
801 18:19 k48g p3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification כֶּ֣תֶף בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ צָפוֹנָ⁠ה֒ the tongue of the Sea of Salt northward 1 Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the north slope of Beth Hoglah” See how you translated the same expression in [15:2](../15/02.md). Alternate translation: “the bay at the north end of the Dead Sea”
802 18:19 18:20 xy3i e7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ And the Jordan borders it to the mouth eastward 1 This is the name of a place. See how you translated the similar expression in [18:12](../18/12.md). Alternate translation: “And the Jordan River is its eastern boundary”
803 18:20 18:28 ywb2 m4p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy זֹ֡את נַחֲלַת֩ בְּנֵ֨י בִנְיָמִ֧ן and the Jebusite 1 The land that the tribe of Benjamin received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” The author is using the term **Jebusite** by association to mean the city in which the Jebusite people group lived. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and the city of the Jebusites”
804 18:20 18:28 pe6e b6k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם it {is} Jerusalem 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave it to each of their clans” The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city of the Jebusites is the one they know as **Jerusalem**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
18:21 i6af rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance.
18:24 jsu9 וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן 1 Alternate translation: “the villages around them”
18:28 t3aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֛את נַֽחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance”
805 19:intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
806 19:1 s149 o4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֞א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֤ל הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙ לְ⁠שִׁמְע֔וֹן And the second lot 1 Alternate translation: “The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon” If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And lot number two”
807 19:1 19:8 gl7x b5n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙ Baalath Beer (Ramah of the Negev) 1 number two in a list The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city known as **Baalath Beer** is the one they know as **Ramah of the Negev**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
808 19:1 19:13 z9r9 p7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑⁠ם being turned 1 Alternate translation: “and Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans” If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “turning”
809 19:1 19:14 u57y p3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ נַֽחֲלָתָ֔⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָֽה it 1 The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” The pronoun **it** refers to Neah. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Neah”
810 19:2 19:15 kg51 e6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Bethlehem 0 1 # General Information:\n\nThe writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Bethlehem”
811 19:2 19:15 eu6h e8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יְהִ֥י לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּ⁠נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם 12 cities and their villages 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “They had the following cities for their inheritance” The author assumes that readers will understand that he is not listing all 12 of the cities that belonged to Zebulun but that the ones he does list were among them. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “these were among their 12 cities with their villages”
812 19:5 19:18 f4vb m4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠צִֽקְלַ֥ג And their border {was} Jezreel and Chesulloth and Shunem 1 See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/31.md). The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included the following cities: Jezreel and Chesulloth and Shunem”
813 19:8 19:25 uc1c m6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן And their border {was} Helkath and Hali and Beten and Akshaph 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance” The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And their territory included the following cities: Helkath and Hali and Beten and Akshaph”
814 19:8 19:26 q586 p5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם And it met with Carmel 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which Joshua gave to their clans” The pronoun **it** refers to the border or territory of Asher. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And their border began at Mount Carmel”
815 19:9 19:27 lep5 e7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ⁠חֶ֨בֶל֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה from the left 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the portion of land which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Judah” The author assumes that readers will understand that he is speaking from the perspective of a person facing east, which was the customary orientation in this culture. So **left** means “north.” You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to the north”
816 19:9 19:29 p2ji a4k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠ת֥וֹךְ נַחֲלָתָֽ⁠ם the city of fortification of Tyre 1 Alternate translation: “the middle of Judah’s portion of land” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fortification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the fortified city of Tyre”
817 19:10 19:30 f5gu e8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יַּ֨עַל֙ הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י 22 cities and their villages 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). The author assumes that readers will understand that he is not listing all 22 of the cities that belonged to Asher but that the ones he does list were among them. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “these were among their 22 cities with their villages”
818 19:10 19:35 s2j1 a5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י And the cities of fortification 1 number three in a list If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fortification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “And the fortified cities”
819 19:10 19:41 vde5 m6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שָׂרִֽיד And the border of their inheritance was 1 This is the name of a city. The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory enclosed within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the territory that the leaders gave to them included”
820 19:11 19:47 v9gp p4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּ⁠מַרְעֲלָ֖ה & בְּ⁠דַבָּ֑שֶׁת & יָקְנְעָֽם But the border of the sons of Dan went out from them 1 These are the names of places. The author is speaking of the **border**, here representing the territory, as if it were a living thing that could move by itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But enemies reconquered some of the territory of the tribe of Dan”
821 19:11 19:47 gx7v p7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification עַל־פְּנֵ֥י יָקְנְעָֽם and they struck it to the mouth of the sword 1 Alternate translation: “across from Jokneam” See how you translated the same expression in [8:24](../08/24.md). Alternate translation: “and they attacked it and killed everyone who lived there”
822 19:12 19:47 n9dc m3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠שָּׂרִ֗יד & כִּסְלֹ֖ת תָּבֹ֑ר & הַ⁠דָּֽבְרַ֖ת & יָפִֽיעַ their father Dan 1 These are the names of cities. The author is speaking as if **Dan** were the actual **father(( of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their ancestor Dan”
823 19:13 19:50 dqd5 m8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy גִּתָּ֥⁠ה חֵ֖פֶר עִתָּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין & רִמּ֥וֹן & הַ⁠נֵּעָֽה Upon the mouth of Yahweh 1 These are the names of cities. The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “As Yahweh had commanded”
824 19:14 19:50 ja4s e6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חַנָּתֹ֑ן & יִפְתַּח־אֵֽל And he built the city 1 These are names of places. Since the city of **Timnath Serah** already existed, the author seems to mean implicitly that Joshua rebuilt the city after the Israelites had attacked and conquered it or that Joshua fortified and expanded it. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Joshua rebuilt the city” or “And Joshua fortified and expanded the city”
825 19:15 19:50 xk4u w599 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠קַטָּ֤ת וְ⁠נַֽהֲלָל֙ וְ⁠שִׁמְר֔וֹן וְ⁠יִדְאֲלָ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם And he built the city 1 These are names of places. The author is using Joshua to represent everyone who worked to rebuild or fortify **Timnath Serah**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And Joshua had the city rebuilt” or “And Joshua directed the fortification and expansion of the city”
826 19:15 19:51 yn5n e5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם and the heads of the fathers of 1 This is not the same “Bethlehem” that is south of Jerusalem in Judah. See how you translated the same expression in [14:1](../14/01.md). Alternate translation: “and the heads of the father’s houses of” or “and the men who led the extended families of”
827 19:16 20:intro a4ee vg5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻ֖ן 1 0 The land and cities that the tribe of Zebulun received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Zebulun received as an inheritance” # Joshua 20 General Notes
828 19:17 20:2 fum5 q4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הָֽ⁠רְבִיעִ֑י Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘Give for yourselves the cities of refuge that I spoke to you by the hand of Moses 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Speak to the sons of Israel and tell them to give for themselves the cities of refuge that I spoke to them about by the hand of Moses”
829 19:17 20:2 l33x s5n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche הָֽ⁠רְבִיעִ֑י by the hand of Moses 1 number four in a list See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
830 19:18 20:3 qmg4 q6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּסוּלֹ֖ת וְ⁠שׁוּנֵֽם for you 1 These are names of cities. If you have decided to translate the quotation within a quotation in verses 2–6 as an indirect quotation, it will be appropriate to use the third person here. Alternate translation: “for them”
831 19:19 20:3 c3ti u4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠חֲפָרַ֥יִם וְ⁠שִׁיאֹ֖ן וַ⁠אֲנָחֲרַֽת from the avenger of blood 1 These are names of cities. In this culture, an **avenger of blood** was a close relative who had the right and responsibility to execute someone who had murdered one of his relatives. If your readers would not be familiar with this role, in your translation you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “from a relative who has the right to execute someone who has murdered his relative”
832 19:20 20:4 mft4 p7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רַבִּ֥ית וְ⁠קִשְׁי֖וֹן וָ⁠אָֽבֶץ And he shall flee 1 These are names of cities. The pronoun **he** refers to anyone who has killed someone accidentally. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the person who has killed someone accidentally shall flee”
833 19:21 20:4 b1ex m3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠רֶ֧מֶת וְ⁠עֵין־גַּנִּ֛ים וְ⁠עֵ֥ין חַדָּ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֥ית פַּצֵּֽץ and he shall speak his words in the ears of the elders of that city 1 These are names of cities. Yahweh is using the term **words** to mean what this person would say by using words, and he is using the term **ears** by association to mean hearing and understanding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and he shall explain his situation to the elders of that city so that they understand it”
834 19:22 20:5 hs7i i5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠תָב֤וֹר from yesterday {or} the third day 1 This is the name of a mountain. See how you translated the same expression in [3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “in the past”
835 19:22 20:6 ht1e a4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ו⁠שחצומ⁠ה for judgment 1 This is the name of a city. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to judge his case” or “to decide whether he is actually guilty of murder”
836 19:23 20:6 yll2 e6k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר until the death of the great priest 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance” Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and even if he is found innocent, he must still remain there until the death of the high priest”
837 19:24 20:6 lhr4 m8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠יֵּצֵא֙ הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַֽ⁠חֲמִישִׁ֔י who is in those days 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). Yahweh is using the expression **in those days** by association to mean serving as high priest at that time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “who is serving at that time”
838 19:24 20:7 xa5a b5k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background הַֽ⁠חֲמִישִׁ֔י it is Hebron 1 number five in a list The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city he calls **Kiriath Arba** is the one they know as **Hebron**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
839 19:25 20:9 prg9 a7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֶלְקַ֥ת וַ⁠חֲלִ֖י וָ⁠בֶ֥טֶן וְ⁠אַכְשָֽׁף the cities of appointment 1 These are the names of cities. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appointment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the cities that were appointed”
19:26 v6t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠אַֽלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וְ⁠עַמְעָ֖ד וּ⁠מִשְׁאָ֑ל & וּ⁠בְ⁠שִׁיח֖וֹר לִבְנָֽת 1 These are the names of cities.
19:27 pbh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּ֣ית דָּגֹן֒ & וּ⁠בְ⁠גֵ֨י יִפְתַּח־אֵ֥ל & בֵּ֥ית הָעֵ֖מֶק וּ⁠נְעִיאֵ֑ל & כָּב֖וּל 1 These are the names of places.
19:28 ht1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠עֶבְרֹ֥ן וּ⁠רְחֹ֖ב וְ⁠חַמּ֣וֹן וְ⁠קָנָ֑ה 1 These are the names of places.
19:29 q8wz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֹסָ֔ה & אַכְזִֽיבָ⁠ה 1 These are the names of places.
19:30 y1g5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠עֻמָ֥ה וַ⁠אֲפֵ֖ק וּ⁠רְחֹ֑ב 1 These are the names of places.
19:31 x4aq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance”
19:32 jy7g יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
19:32 jjm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י 1 number six in a list
19:33 syr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מֵ⁠חֵ֨לֶף & בְּ⁠צַעֲנַנִּ֗ים וַ⁠אֲדָמִ֥י הַנֶּ֛קֶב וְ⁠יַבְנְאֵ֖ל & לַקּ֑וּם 1 These are the names of cities.
19:34 lu5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אַזְנ֣וֹת תָּב֔וֹר & חוּקֹ֑קָ⁠ה 1 These are the names of cities.
19:35 h8p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ⁠צִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְ⁠חַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְ⁠כִנָּֽרֶת 1 These are the names of cities.
19:35 lq51 וְ⁠חַמַּ֖ת 1 This is not the same location as “Hamath,” but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee.
19:36 e379 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וַ⁠אֲדָמָ֥ה וְ⁠הָ⁠רָמָ֖ה וְ⁠חָצֽוֹר 1 These are the names of cities.
19:37 vez5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠קֶ֥דֶשׁ וְ⁠אֶדְרֶ֖עִי וְ⁠עֵ֥ין חָצֽוֹר 1 These are the names of cities.
19:38 jp9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠יִרְאוֹן֙ וּ⁠מִגְדַּל־אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּ⁠בֵית־עֲנָ֖ת וּ⁠בֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ 1 These are names of cities.
19:39 s9en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִ֖י 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Naphtali received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Naphtali received as an inheritance”
19:40 q3a2 יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֥ל הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִֽי 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
19:40 b1tt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִֽי 1 number seven in a list
19:41 d7it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor גְּב֣וּל נַחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם 1 The land that the tribe of Dan received is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The territory of land that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance”
19:41 b8bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names צָרְעָ֥ה וְ⁠אֶשְׁתָּא֖וֹל וְ⁠עִ֥יר שָֽׁמֶשׁ 1 These are the names of places.
19:42 q637 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠שַֽׁעֲלַבִּ֥ין וְ⁠אַיָּל֖וֹן וְ⁠יִתְלָֽה 1 These are the names of places.
19:43 sht1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠אֵיל֥וֹן וְ⁠תִמְנָ֖תָ⁠ה וְ⁠עֶקְרֽוֹן 1 These are the names of cities.
19:44 gca7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠אֶלְתְּקֵ֥ה וְ⁠גִבְּת֖וֹן וּ⁠בַעֲלָֽת 1 These are the names of cities.
19:45 yan4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וִ⁠יהֻ֥ד וּ⁠בְנֵֽי־בְרַ֖ק וְ⁠גַת־רִמּֽוֹן 1 These are the names of cities.
19:46 ddh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠מֵ֥י הַיַּרְק֖וֹן וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רַקּ֑וֹן 1 These are the names of cities.
19:46 w42c מ֥וּל יָפֽוֹ 1 Alternate translation: “opposite Joppa” or “beside Joppa”
19:47 i8zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לֶ֜שֶׁם 1 This is the name of a city.
19:48 cx9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־דָ֖ן 1 The land and cities that the tribe of Dan received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance”
19:49 jzi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּתְּנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל נַחֲלָ֛ה לִ⁠יהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן בְּ⁠תוֹכָֽ⁠ם 1 The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun”
19:50 ac8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־תִּמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח 1 This is the name of a city.
19:51 cs47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵ֣לֶּה הַ⁠נְּחָלֹ֡ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִחֲל֣וּ 1 The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “These are the portions of land and the cities … assigned as inheritances”
20:intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Cities of Refuge\n\nIf a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: “Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])
20:2 qhs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 Here “hand of Moses” refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. Alternate translation: “through the things that Moses wrote”
20:3 a1vg מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֖ה 1 This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so.
20:3 h73b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠גֹּאֵ֖ל הַ⁠דָּֽם 1 Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:4 u2dh וְ⁠נָ֞ס 1 Here the word “he” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
20:4 p1sg וְ⁠דִבֶּ֛ר בְּ⁠אָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָ⁠עִֽיר הַ⁠הִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑י⁠ו 1 “convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person.”
20:4 dhh4 וְ⁠אָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤⁠וֹ 1 The word “they” refers to the elders and “him” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
20:4 k969 וְ⁠יָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽ⁠ם 1 This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only.
20:5 x945 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy גֹּאֵ֤ל הַ⁠דָּם֙ 1 Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:5 u27s בִ⁠בְלִי־דַ֨עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔⁠הוּ 1 accidentally killed his neighbor
20:6 c6fe עָמְד֞⁠וֹ לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י הָֽ⁠עֵדָה֙ 1 This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens.
20:7 lyr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 # General Information:\n\nThere are a lot of names in this section.
20:8 cy8e לְ⁠יַרְדֵּ֤ן 1 This is a short name for the Jordan River.
20:9 b89x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּ⁠יַד֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 Here “by the hand” is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: “would not be killed by the one”
20:9 j61z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy גֹּאֵ֣ל הַ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
840 21:intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
841 21:1 js4y e5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אֶלְעָזָר֙ & נ֑וּן And the heads of the fathers of & the heads of the fathers of 1 These are names of men. See how you translated the same expression in [14:1](../14/01.md). Alternate translation: “And the heads of the father’s houses of ... the heads of the father’s houses of” or “And the men who led the extended families of ... the men who led the extended families of”
842 21:2 wk1t s4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַ⁠יְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֜ם by the hand of Moses 1 Alternate translation: “The Levites said to them” See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
843 21:2 21:3 wk1m m6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה בְ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה upon the mouth of Yahweh 1 The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to command you” See how you translated the same expression in [19:50](../19/50.md). Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded”
844 21:3 21:4 f9ei e7p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הֶ⁠עָרִ֥ים And the lot came out for the clans of the Kohathite. And for the sons of Aaron the priest, from the Levites, there were 13 cities by the lot 1 This refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses. The author assumes that readers will understand that the leaders decided to assign cities to the groups of Levites in a particular order (Kohathite priests, Kohathite non-priests, Gershonites, and Merarites) and then cast lots to see which cities would go to each group. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The leaders started by casting lots to decide which cities would belong to the Levites from the Kohathite clan who were priests, descendants of Aaron. The lot selected 13 cities for them”
845 21:4 21:5 r4ry e3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֥א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל And for the remaining sons of Kohath 1 A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). The author assumes that readers will understand what he means by **remaining**. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And for the descendants of Kohath who were not priests, descendants of Aaron”
846 21:4 21:8 fl2y s5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֑י by the hand of Moses 1 This priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. See how you translated the same expression in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Moses”
847 21:5 21:9 iwh3 p4k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֲצִ֨י which one calls them by name 1 Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before crossing the Jordan River. Here, **one** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “which are mentioned here by name”
848 21:6 21:10 bk5g o7n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal גֵרְשׁ֗וֹן the first lot 1 Gershon was one of the sons of Levi. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “lot number one”
849 21:6 21:11 ezu2 b6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background בַּ⁠גּוֹרָ֔ל Kiriath Arba (the father of the Anak, it is Hebron) 1 A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). See how you presented the similar background information that the author provides in [14:15](../14/15.md) about the former and current name of this city.
850 21:7 21:17 cg61 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מְרָרִ֜י And from the tribe of Benjamin 1 Merari was one of the sons of Levi. The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And from the tribe of Benjamin they gave these cities:”
851 21:8 21:20 qe5y e4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֖ה the remaining ones from the sons of Kohath 1 The phrase “by the hand of” here means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had told Moses to command” The author assumes that readers will understand what he means by **remaining**. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Kohath who were not priests”
852 21:10 21:21 t6l2 e6k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ⁠מִּשְׁפְּח֥וֹת הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֖י And Gezer and its pasturelands 1 The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](../21/02.md). The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And they gave them Gezer and its pasturelands”
853 21:10 21:26 tnp1 e5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל the remaining clans of the sons of Kohath 1 A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md). See how you translated the similar expression in [21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate translation: “the clans of Kohath’s descendants who were not priests”
854 21:11 21:34 vkd2 e7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַרְבַּ֨ע אֲבִ֧י הָֽ⁠עֲנ֛וֹק the remaining Levites 1 This is background information about the name of the man who founded the city of Kiriath Arba. In this case, the term **remaining** means something different than it did in verses 5 and 26. The author is using it to refer implicitly to the last group of Levites, which had not yet received any cities. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the group of Levites that was still waiting to receive cities”
855 21:11 21:40 mn2g e3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָֽ⁠עֲנ֛וֹק the remaining ones from the clans of the Levites 1 This is the name of a man. See how you translated the similar expression in [21:34](../21/34.md). Alternate translation: “the clan of Levites that was still waiting to receive cities”
856 21:11 21:42 vd7d i4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠הַ֣ר These cities were city, city, and its pasturelands around it 1 An area of land with natural elevations, smaller than mountains. The author is using a common expression to mean that this was true of each city individually. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Each one of these cities had its own pasturelands around it”
857 21:11 21:43 kwe7 m6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִגְרָשֶׁ֖⁠הָ to their fathers 1 An area covered with grass or plants suitable for the grazing of livestock or cattle. The author is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their ancestors”
858 21:12 21:44 aj9s m5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׂדֵ֥ה הָ⁠עִ֖יר to their fathers 1 Areas of open land, usually, planted with crops, belonging to and surrounding the city. The author is speaking as if these people were the actual **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their ancestors”
859 21:12 21:44 uz84 i7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom חֲצֵרֶ֑י⁠הָ And a man did not stand against their faces from all of their enemies 1 Small communities, usually smaller than a town. See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md) and [2:11](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “Not a single one of their enemies had been able to resist them”
860 21:13 21:45 p1nr m3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִבְנָ֖ה A word did not fall from every good word that Yahweh had spoken 1 This is the name of a city. The author is speaking as if Yahweh’s words were objects that could fall to the ground and be lost. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Not a single one of the good words Yahweh had spoken failed to come true”
861 21:14 21:45 q8gl p8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יַתִּר֙ & אֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ The whole came 1 These are all names of cities. The author is speaking of **the whole** (that is, everything that Yahweh had promised) as if it were a living thing that could **come** somewhere. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Everything happened just as he said it would”
21:15 cb4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֹלֹן֙ & דְּבִ֖ר 1 These are all names of cities.
21:16 bx8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עַ֣יִן & יֻטָּה֙ 1 These are all names of cities.
21:17 e8r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֔ן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Benjamin gave Gibeon”
21:17 fd6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־גֶּ֖בַע 1 This is the name of a city.
21:18 sk7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־עֲנָתוֹת֙ & עַלְמ֖וֹן 1 These are names of cities.
21:19 ha9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עָרִ֖ים 1 “13 cities”
21:20 lfp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָת֙ 1 The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson.
21:20 x8eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ עָרֵ֣י גֽוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they received cities”
21:20 tg75 גֽוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם 1 A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
21:21 kz7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names גֶּ֖זֶר 1 This is the name of a city.
21:22 tv2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קִבְצַ֨יִם֙ & בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן 1 names of cities
21:22 r4hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 This refers to the list by the total number.
21:23 dw9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּ֨טֵּה־דָ֔ן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Dan gave to the clan of Kohath Eltekeh”
21:23 r7qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶֽת־אֶלְתְּקֵ֖א & גִּבְּת֖וֹן 1 These are names of cities.
21:24 g45w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־אַיָּלוֹן֙ & אֶת־גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן 1 These are names of cities.
21:24 g4ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 This refers to the number of cities.
21:25 e6cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִֽ⁠מַּחֲצִית֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach”
21:25 yn8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙ & גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן 1 These are names of cities.
21:26 hn9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָ֖ת 1 The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson.
21:27 knk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־גּוֹלָ֤ן & אֶֽת־בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה 1 names of cities
21:27 bmc9 הָ⁠רֹצֵ֔חַ 1 This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person.
21:27 a1zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם 1 number of cities
21:28 r9hc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־קִשְׁי֖וֹן & אֶת־דָּֽבְרַ֖ת 1 names of cities
21:29 u8z9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־יַרְמוּת֙ & עֵ֥ין גַּנִּ֖ים 1 names of cities
21:30 rbf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֔ר אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They received from the tribe of Asher Mishal”
21:30 px1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל & אֶת־עַבְדּ֖וֹ 1 names of cities
21:31 ziw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־חֶלְקָת֙ & רְחֹ֖ב 1 names of cities
21:32 h2j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חַמֹּ֥ת דֹּאר֙ & קַרְתָּ֖ן 1 These are names of cities.
21:33 c7dt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עִ֖יר 1 “13 cities in total”
21:34 yuv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־מְרָרִי֮ הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֣ם הַ⁠נּוֹתָרִים֒ מֵ⁠אֵת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: The rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—received from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam”
21:34 ws8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מְרָרִי֮ 1 This is a man’s name.
21:34 ng32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם & אֶת־קַרְתָּ֖ה 1 These are the names of cities.
21:35 ek4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־דִּמְנָה֙ & אֶֽת־נַהֲלָ֖ל 1 names of cities
21:36 dh5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־בֶּ֖צֶר & וְ⁠אֶת־יַ֖הְצָ⁠ה 1 names of cities
21:37 jbp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 This refers to the total number of cities.
21:37 e538 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־קְדֵמוֹת֙ & מֵיפָ֖עַת 1 names of cities
21:38 r7m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־רָמֹ֥ת & מַחֲנַ֖יִם 1 These are the names of cities.
21:39 a2l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ & אֶת־יַעְזֵ֖ר 1 These are names of cities.
21:40 x17x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה 1 “12 cities in total”
21:40 q83e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠יְהִי֙ גּוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they received these twelve cities by the casting of lots”
21:40 at28 גּוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם 1 A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
21:41 g7z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כֹּ֚ל עָרֵ֣י הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Levites received their cities from the middle of the land”
21:41 z9gj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers עָרִ֛ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּ⁠שְׁמֹנֶ֖ה 1 “48 cities”
21:43 q5na נִשְׁבַּ֖ע 1 Alternate translation: “he gave an oath”
21:44 t1a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְ⁠לֹא־עָ֨מַד אִ֤ישׁ בִּ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶם֙ מִ⁠כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “They defeated every one of their enemies”
21:44 lg6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠יָדָֽ⁠ם 1 Here “into their hand” means “into their power.” Alternate translation: “gave them power to defeat all their enemies”
21:45 u1ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹֽא־נָפַ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּל֙ הַ⁠דָּבָ֣ר הַ⁠טּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true”
862 22:intro l4hr 0 # Joshua 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument\n\nThe tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.
863 22:1 ic3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִ֖י 1 people of the tribe of Reuben
864 22:1 w3xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֑י 1 people of the tribe of Gad