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@ -5185,7 +5185,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
27:55 ekxh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 Matthews uses the word **Now** to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens later in the story. The word does not introduce the next event in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile,” or “During all those things,”
27:55 h0m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠκολούθησαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **followed Jesus** could indicate that: (1) the **women** had traveled with Jesus and were his disciple. Alternate translation: “traveled with Jesus as his students” (2) the **women** walked with Jesus on the road. Alternate translation: “walked with Jesus” or “went with Jesus”\n
27:56 yni6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names καὶ Μαρία ἡ & μήτηρ 1 The word **Mary** is the name of a woman. This **Mary** was not **Mary Magdalene** nor Mary the mother of Jesus. Matthew identifies her instead as **the mother of James and Joseph**.
27:56 xx27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἰακώβου & Ἰωσὴφ 1 The words **James** and **Joseph** are the names of men.
27:56 xx27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἰακώβου & Ἰωσὴφ 1 The word **James** is the name of a man. This **James** is not James the brother of Jesus, James son of Zebedee, or James son of Alphaeus. The word **Joseph** is also the name of a man. This **Joseph** is not Jesus’ father, Jesus’ brother, or Joseph of Arimathea.
27:56 ud33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν υἱῶν Ζεβεδαίου 1 Here Matthew refers to James and John, who were the **sons of Zebedee**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated the similar phrase in [20:20](../20/20.md). Alternate translation: “of James and John, the sons of Zebedee”
27:57 wm5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Later on,”
27:57 iops rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants ἦλθεν ἄνθρωπος πλούσιος ἀπὸ Ἁριμαθαίας, τοὔνομα Ἰωσήφ, ὃς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμαθητεύθη τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Matthew is here introducing the **Joseph** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a man named Joseph came. He was from Arimathea, and he was rich. He also himself was discipled by Jesus”
@ -5237,62 +5237,103 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
27:66 pk1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σφραγίσαντες τὸν λίθον 1 Here Matthew means that a seal was put on the **stone** that covered the entrance of Jesus’ **tomb**. The seal would break if someone moved the **stone**, thus indicating that the **stone** had been moved. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “having placed a seal on the stone that closed the tomb”
27:66 fn2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μετὰ τῆς κουστωδίας 1 Here Matthew means that the chief priests and Pharisees left **the guard** at the tomb to help **secure** it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “and having stationed the guard there”
27:66 e8uf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns τῆς κουστωδίας 1 See how you translated **guard** in [27:65](../27/65.md). Alternate translation: “the guards” or “the soldiers who were acting as guards”
28:intro psw9 0 # Matthew 28 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The tomb\n\nThe tomb in which Jesus was buried ([28:1](../28/01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/tomb]])\n\n### “Make disciples”\n\nThe last two verses ([28:19–20](../28/19.md)) are commonly known as “The Great Commission” because they contain a very important command given to all Christians. Christians are to “make disciples” by going to people, sharing the gospel with them, and training them to live according to what Jesus commanded. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### An angel of the Lord\n\nMatthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing appearing to the women at Jesus’ tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels looked like male humans. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULT without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1–2](../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../jhn/20/12.md))
28:1 anr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is a new event that happened soon after the time of the events the story has just related in the previous chapter. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then”
28:1 qkn8 ὀψὲ δὲ Σαββάτων, τῇ ἐπιφωσκούσῃ εἰς μίαν σαββάτων 1 Alternate translation: “Now after the Sabbath ended, as the sun came up on the first day of the week”
28:1 avwc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς μίαν σαββάτων 1 Matthew uses **first** to imply the **first** day **of the week**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the first day of the week”
28:1 gs43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal μίαν σαββάτων 1 Here Matthew is actually using a cardinal number, “one,” in the original language to mean **first**. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can also use a cardinal number here in your translation. Alternate translation: “on day one of the week”
28:1 zu2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ ἄλλη Μαρία 1 This **Mary** is the mother of James and Joseph, as stated in [27:56](../27/56.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how you translated **the other Mary** in [27:61](../27/61.md)
28:2 j25i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Matthew uses the term **behold** here to call the reader’s attention to the suddenness of the event that he describes next in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all of the sudden”
28:2 l4s2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the reason why the **earthquake happened**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “due to the fact that”
28:2 a5xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπεκύλισε τὸν λίθον 1 This clause implies that the angel **rolled away the stone** that was covering the entrance to the tomb in which Jesus’ body had been placed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “rolled away the stone that was covering the entrance of the tomb”
28:3 qloc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that this verse is a break in the main story line. Matthew does this in order to give information about an angel at Jesus’ tomb. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information.
28:3 p12y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ἦν & ὡς ἀστραπὴ 1 The point of this comparison is that the **appearance** of the angel was very bright, as **lightning** is very bright. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “was extremely bright, like lightning”
28:3 i4hp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ λευκὸν ὡς χιών 1 Matthew is leaving out a word that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “his clothing was white like snow”
28:3 bzow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile λευκὸν ὡς χιών 1 The point of this comparison is that the **clothing** of the angel was pure **white**, as **snow** is pure white. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “was pure white, like snow”
28:3 orq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown λευκὸν ὡς χιών 1 Matthew is comparing the angel’s clothing to **snow** because **snow** is a very white substance. If your readers would not be familiar with **snow**, you could use the name of something in your area that is known to be very white, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “white as cotton” or “very, very white”
28:4 u00v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀπὸ & τοῦ φόβου αὐτοῦ, ἐσείσθησαν οἱ τηροῦντες 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the guards’ fear of him caused them to shake”
28:4 b1ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ἐγενήθησαν ὡς νεκροί 1 Matthew compares **the guards** to **dead men** because **dead men** lie on the ground and do no move. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fell to the ground and lay still”
28:5 q8dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῖς γυναιξίν 1 Here, **the women** refers to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary mentioned in [28:1](../28/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary”
28:5 tbd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom people have crucified”
28:6 jwc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠγέρθη 1 See how you translated this phrase in [27:64](../27/64.md).
28:7 r0p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative ταχὺ πορευθεῖσαι 1 Here the angel is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this as a command, as in the UST.
28:7 sp2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἴπατε τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν; καὶ ἰδοὺ, προάγει ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν; ἐκεῖ αὐτὸν ὄψεσθε. 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “tell his disciples that he has been raised up from the dead ones. And behold, he is going ahead of you to Galilee. There you will see him”
28:7 r5cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 See how you translated this sentence in [27:64](../27/64.md).
28:7 a1ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ & ἰδοὺ 1 The angel uses **behold** twice in this verse because he wants the disciples to focus their attention on what he is saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “pay attention … Pay attention to what”
28:7 ljb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ὑμᾶς & ὄψεσθε & ὑμῖν 1 All occurrences of **you** are plural in this verse and refer to the disciples. You may need to translate these as plural in your language.
28:8 j2sv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔδραμον 1 Here, **they** refers to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary mentioned in [28:1](../28/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Mary Magdalene and the other woman named Mary ran”
28:9 s393 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Matthew uses the term **behold** here to call the reader’s attention to the suddenness of the event that he describes next in the story. See how you translated the same use of **behold** in [28:2](../28/02.md).
28:9 nmg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκράτησαν αὐτοῦ τοὺς πόδας 1 Here, Matthew implies that the two women knelt down on the ground when they **took hold of his feet**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “got down on their knees and held onto his feet”
28:10 hfkc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
28:10 etk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου 1 Here Jesus refers to his disciples as if they were all **brothers** in his family. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my disciples”
28:11 ktu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that what follows in [28:11–15](../28/11.md) is a new event that happened during the time of the events the story has just related in [28:9–10](../28/09.md). Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “At the time”
28:11 mu4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 Here, **they** refers to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how you translated **they** in [28:8](../28/08.md).
28:11 rnr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰδού 1 Matthew uses the term **behold** here to call the reader’s attention to what is about to happen. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here.
28:11 egn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς κουστωδίας 1 Here, **the guards** refers to the Roman soldiers who had been guarding Jesus’ tomb. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the Roman guards who had been at the tomb”
28:11 yvgx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν πόλιν 1 Here, **the city** refers to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the city of Jerusalem”
28:12 ht82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συναχθέντες 1 See how you translated **gathered together** in [26:3](../26/03.md).
28:12 birm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔδωκαν 1 Here, **they** refers to the chief priests mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the chief priests gave”
28:13 kn8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἴπατε ὅτι, οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ νυκτὸς ἐλθόντες ἔκλεψαν αὐτὸν, ἡμῶν κοιμωμένων 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Say that his disciples, having come by night, stole him while we are sleeping”
28:intro psw9 0 # Matthew 28 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n11. The crucifixion of Jesus, his death and resurrection (26:1-28:19)\n * Mary Magdalene and the other Mary learn that Jesus has resurrected (28:1–10)\n * The chief priests and elders spread a false story (28:11–15)\n * Jesus meets and commissions the 11 disciples (28:16–20)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The resurrection\n\nMatthew does not narrate the resurrection, but he does narrate how an angel opens the tomb so that people can tell that Jesus has risen from the dead. It is not clear exactly when Jesus actually rose from the dead, although it is clear that this happened before the angel opened the tomb. When Jesus rose from the dead, he was a living human being again, and he could never die again. Make sure that it is clear that Jesus came back to life as a living human being.\n\n### The false story about Jesus’ resurrection\n\nIn [28:11–15](../28/11.md), Matthew describes how the chief priests and the elders have the soldiers who were guarding the tomb spread a false story about what happened. The soldiers tell people that they fell asleep, and that Jesus’ disciples stole his body while they were asleep. In [28:15](../28/15.md), Matthew explains that he is telling this because the story was still circulating among Jewish people when he was writing this book. Make sure that it is clear to your readers that the chief priests and elders bribe the soldiers to spread this false story.\n\n### Discipling all the nations\n\nThe last two verses ([28:19–20](../28/19.md)) are commonly known as “The Great Commission” because they contain a very important command given to all Christians. Christians are to “disciple” all the nations, which includes telling them the gospel, baptizing them, and teaching them to obey what Jesus commanded. Make sure that this command is as general as possible, including all Christians all “nations.”\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nAll the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in instructions given to groups of people. Because of this, all the forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The timing of the women’s visit to the tomb\n\nIn [28:1](../28/01.md), Matthew indicates that the women went to Jesus’ tomb “after the Sabbath, at the dawning on the first of the week.” The words translated in this way can be understood in several ways:\n\n1. They could refer to the early morning (the “dawn”) on the day after the Sabbath. This would be the first day of the week, Sunday. Further, the parallel stories in [Mark 16:2](../mrk/16/02.md) and [Luke 24:1](../luk/24/01.md) similarly take place at dawn on Sunday. So, the ULT and UST follow this interpretation. \n\n2. They could refer to a time late in the day on the Sabbath. In this case, the word “dawning” would refer to the beginning of a day, not to the sun coming up. Since people in Jesus’ culture considered sunset to be the start of a new day, Matthew would be referring to evening on the Sabbath, right around the time when the next day, Sunday, would begin at sunset. \n\nIt is recommended that you follow the first interpretation unless there is a good reason to follow the second interpretation.
28:1 anr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,”
28:1 qkn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὀψὲ & Σαββάτων, τῇ ἐπιφωσκούσῃ εἰς μίαν σαββάτων 1 Here Matthew refers to early in the morning, when the day was **dawning**, on the day **after the Sabbath**, which would be Sunday. See the end of the chapter introduction for more information about these phrases. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “very early in the morning on the day after the Sabbath”
28:1 avwc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj μίαν 1 Matthew is using the adjective **first** as a noun to mean the first day. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the first day”
28:1 gs43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal μίαν 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “day one”
28:1 zu2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ ἄλλη Μαρία 1 Here Matthew implies that this is the other woman, also called **Mary**, whom he mentioned in [27:56](../27/56.md) as the mother of James and Joseph. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you expressed the idea in [27:61](../27/61.md). Alternate translation: “the other Mary, the mother of James and Joseph,”
28:1 pewa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went”
28:2 j25i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
28:2 l4s2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result σεισμὸς ἐγένετο μέγας; ἄγγελος γὰρ Κυρίου καταβὰς ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ προσελθὼν, ἀπεκύλισε τὸν λίθον καὶ ἐκάθητο ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clause, since the last clauses give the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “an angel of the Lord, having come down from heaven and having approached, rolled away the stone and sat on it. That caused a great earthquake”
28:2 k09n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go καταβὰς 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone down”
28:2 znk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προσελθὼν 1 Here Matthew implies that the angel **approached** Jesus’ tomb. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having approached the tomb”
28:2 a5xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπεκύλισε τὸν λίθον 1 Here Matthew implies that the angel **rolled away** the large **stone** from the opening of the tomb to open it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having rolled the stone away from the door of the tomb to open it up”
28:3 qloc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 Matthew uses the word **Now** to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. It does not introduce another event in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “As for that angel,”
28:3 p12y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ἦν & ὡς ἀστραπὴ 1 The point of this comparison is that the **appearance** of the angel was very bright, as **lightning** is very bright. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “was as bright as it is when lightning strikes”
28:3 i4hp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ λευκὸν ὡς χιών 1 Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “his clothing was white like snow”
28:3 bzow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile λευκὸν ὡς χιών 1 The point of this comparison is that the **clothing** of the angel was pure and bright **white** in color, just like **snow** is pure and bright white in color. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “bright white, as snow is bright white”
28:3 orq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown λευκὸν ὡς χιών 1 The word **snow** refers to a type of frozen precipitation that is extremely white in color. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of precipitation, you could use the name of something that is known to be very white in your area, or you could refer more generally to a very bright white color. Alternate translation: “white as cotton” or “extremely white”\n
28:4 u00v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀπὸ & τοῦ φόβου αὐτοῦ, ἐσείσθησαν οἱ τηροῦντες καὶ ἐγενήθησαν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fear of him shook the ones guarding, and they became”
28:4 jfie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ τηροῦντες 1 Here, Matthew refers to the soldiers who were **guarding** Jesus’ tomb. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the ones guarding the grave”
28:4 bhyf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐσείσθησαν 1 Here Matthew means that the ones guarding the tomb physically trembled or shuddered because they were so afraid. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “were shuddering”
28:4 by2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἀπὸ & τοῦ φόβου αὐτοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fear**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because they feared him”
28:4 b1ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ἐγενήθησαν ὡς νεκροί 1 Here Matthew compares the guards to **dead** people to indicate that the guards fell down and did not move, just as **dead** people lie without moving. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “fell to the ground and lay still, like the dead” or “fainted so that they were like the dead”\n
28:4 owas rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj νεκροί 1 Matthew is using the adjective **dead** as a noun to mean dead people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “dead people”
28:5 gieg rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what the angel says in contrast to the fear that the soldiers felt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,”
28:5 pvj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀποκριθεὶς 1 Here the angel is **answering** or responding to a situation, not to something that someone has asked. More specifically, the angel is responding to the fear of the guards by telling the women that they do not need to be afraid. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit that the angel is responding to what is happening, or you could leave **answering** untranslated. Alternate translation: “seeing that the the people nearby were afraid” or “responding to how the soldiers were afraid”
28:5 q8dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῖς γυναιξίν 1 Here, the phrase **the women** refers to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary, whom Matthew mentioned in [28:1](../28/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to them more explicitly. Alternate translation: “to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary”
28:5 bqdp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result μὴ φοβεῖσθε ὑμεῖς; οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι Ἰησοῦν, τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον, ζητεῖτε 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “I know that you seek Jesus, the one having been crucified; therefore, do not be afraid”
28:5 tbd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Pilate’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “the one whom Pilate’s soldiers crucified”
28:6 uru2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε, ἠγέρθη γὰρ καθὼς εἶπεν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second and third clauses give the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “Since he was raised up, just as he said, he is not here”
28:6 jwc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠγέρθη 1 Here, the word raised refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he was restored to life”
28:6 p9l0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἠγέρθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, the angel could be implying that: (1) God did it. Alternate translation: “God raise him up” (2) Jesus himself did it. Alternate translation: “he raise himself up”
28:6 uqja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἶπεν 1 Here the angel implies that Jesus **said** that he would be **raised up**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he said would happen to him”
28:6 fgx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go δεῦτε 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “Go” instead of **Come**. Alternate translation: “Go”
28:6 o6ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν τόπον ὅπου ἔκειτο 1 Here the angel is referring to **the place** where Jesus’ body had been placed in the tomb. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the place in this tomb where his body was placed”
28:7 r0p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go πορευθεῖσαι 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come”
28:7 sp2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἴπατε τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν; καὶ ἰδοὺ, προάγει ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν; ἐκεῖ αὐτὸν ὄψεσθε. 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “say to his disciples that he has been raised up from the dead, and behold, he is going before them to Galilee, where they will see him”
28:7 r5cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠγέρθη 1 Here, the word **raised** refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable idiom or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He has been restored to life”
28:7 o3je rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἠγέρθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, the angel could be indicating that: (1) God did it. Alternate translation: “God has raised him up” (2) Jesus himself did it. Alternate translation: “He has raised himself up”
28:7 m411 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 The angel is using the adjective **dead** as a noun in order to refer to people who are dead. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “from among the dead people” or “from the corpses”
28:7 a1ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ & ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “pay attention: … Pay attention:” or “listen … Listen”
28:7 w5ew rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go προάγει 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “coming” instead of **going**. Alternate translation: “he is coming before”
28:7 ljb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἶπον ὑμῖν 1 Here the angel uses the clause **I have said {it} to you** to indicate that he has finished speaking the important message that he wants them to relay to the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I have given you the full message” or “that is what you should tell his disciples”
28:8 xqz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀπελθοῦσαι ταχὺ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having quickly come away”
28:8 b7y5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μετὰ φόβου καὶ χαρᾶς μεγάλης 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear** and **joy**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “fearfully and very joyfully”
28:8 j2sv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔδραμον 1 Here, **they** refers to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary mentioned in [28:1](../28/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “Mary Magdalene and the other Mary ran”
28:9 s393 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
28:9 opbx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
28:9 cmv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom χαίρετε 1 In Jesus’ culture, people commonly greeted each other with the word **Rejoice**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or phrase that people use to greet each other. Alternate translation: “Hello”
28:9 xxki rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
28:9 nmg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἐκράτησαν αὐτοῦ τοὺς πόδας 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would kneel down and seize or hold someone’s feet when they wanted to show great honor and respect toward that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning of this action explicitly. Alternate translation: “seized his feet out of respect” or “seized his feet to show him honor”
28:10 hfkc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
28:10 etk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου 1 Here Jesus speaks of his disciples as if they were his **brothers**. He means that he considers them to be part of his family. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase in [25:40](../25/40.md). Alternate translation: “those whom I call my brothers” or “the people I love as if they were my brothers”
28:10 d47g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀπέλθωσιν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “they might come away”
28:11 ktu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,”
28:11 mu4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go πορευομένων 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “coming” instead of **going**. Alternate translation: “coming”
28:11 rnr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰδού 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
28:11 egn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς κουστωδίας 1 Here Matthew implies that this **guard** was made up of the Roman soldiers who had been guarding Jesus’ tomb. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the Roman guard that had been protecting the tomb”
28:11 hfqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns τῆς κουστωδίας 1 See how you translated **guard** in [27:65](../27/65.md). Alternate translation: “of the guards” or “of the soldiers who were acting as guards”
28:11 saxq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
28:11 yvgx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν πόλιν 1 Here, the phrase **the city** refers to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem”
28:12 ht82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συναχθέντες 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “having gathered” or “having come together”
28:12 k2r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom συμβούλιόν & λαβόντες 1 Here, the phrase **having taken counsel** indicates that the chief priests and elders were working together to figure something out. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the similar phrase in [12:14](../12/14.md). Alternate translation: “having made plans” or “having come up with an idea”
28:12 e1al rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀργύρια ἱκανὰ ἔδωκαν τοῖς στρατιώταις 1 Here Matthew means that the chief priests and elders gave money to the soldiers so that they would tell a lie about what happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they bribed the soldiers with many pieces of silver”
28:12 birm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney ἀργύρια ἱκανὰ 1 Each of these **pieces of silver** was a coin equivalent to about four days’ wages. See how you expressed the idea in [26:15](../26/15.md). Alternate translation: “many coins made out of silver” or “a lot of money”
28:13 bm3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
28:13 kn8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἴπατε ὅτι, οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ νυκτὸς ἐλθόντες ἔκλεψαν αὐτὸν, ἡμῶν κοιμωμένων 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Say that his disciples, having come at night, stole him, you sleeping”
28:13 y668 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
28:13 s0bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here, **we** refers to the Roman soldiers who guarded Jesus’ tomb, so **we** would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form.
28:14 n8xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀκουσθῇ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the governor hears this report”
28:14 u13q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ ἡγεμόνος 1 Here, **the governor** refers to Pilate, as indicated in [27:2](../27/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Pilate”
28:14 h6f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἐὰν ἀκουσθῇ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος, ἡμεῖς πείσομεν καὶ ὑμᾶς ἀμερίμνους ποιήσομεν 1 Here the Jewish leaders use an imaginary situation to explain that they will protect the soldiers from punishment. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “imagine this is heard by the governor. Then, we will persuade and make you free from concern”
28:14 n8xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀκουσθῇ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the governor hears this”
28:14 exuo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡμεῖς πείσομεν 1 Here the chief priests and elders imply that they will **persuade** the governor not to punish the soldiers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “will persuade him not to punish you”
28:14 x57k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς 1 Here, **we** refers to the Jewish chief priests and elders, so **we** would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form.
28:14 exuo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πείσομεν 1 Here the chief priests and elders imply that they will **persuade** **the governor** not to punish the soldiers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will persuade him not to punish you”
28:15 yu3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐποίησαν ὡς ἐδιδάχθησαν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “did what the priests had told them to do”
28:15 cp7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας 1 Here, **today** refers to the time when Matthew wrote this book. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when this book was written”
28:16 h1ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that what follows in [28:16–20](../28/16.md) is a new event that happened after the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then”
28:17 pze9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ & ἐδίστασαν 1 Matthew implies that **some** of the disciples **doubted** that the person they were seeing was really Jesus and that he had really become alive again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “some of the disciples doubted that it was Jesus and that he had become alive again”
28:18 v37p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My Father has given me all authority”
28:18 c9m6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority** you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I have been authorized to rule”
28:18 sm35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 1 Here, **heaven** and **earth** are used together to refer to everyone and everything everywhere. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “over everything everywhere”
28:19 sf28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative πορευθέντες 1 In this clause Jesus is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you can use a more natural form for a command, as in the UST.
28:19 yz6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 Here, **nations** refers to people who live in **all the nations**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of people in all the nations”
28:19 oc88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 The phrase **make disciples** implies telling people the gospel message so that they can believe it and become Jesus’ **disciples**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See the discussion of this phrase in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “preach the gospel to people of all the nations so that they will become Jesus’ disciples”
28:19 l5b5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ ὄνομα 1 Here, **name** represents the authority of **the Father**, **the Son**, and **the Holy Spirit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the authority”
28:19 pmg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος 1 Here **in name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit** could mean: (1) by being baptized, the **disciples of all the nations** would be acknowledging God’s authority over their lives. Alternate translation: “to express their allegiance to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit” (2) **the name** is the authority by which **disciples** are baptized. Alternate translation: “by the authority of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit”
28:19 kwa3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς & τοῦ Υἱοῦ 1 **Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus.
28:20 lm0u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative διδάσκοντες 1 Jesus is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you can use a more natural form for a command, as in the UST.
28:20 mz6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Here Jesus uses **behold** to emphasize the truth of what he is about to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “truly”
28:20 cmdj πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας 1 Alternate translation: “all the time”
28:20 si8z ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Alternate translation: “until the end of this age” or “until the end of the world”
28:14 u13q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑμᾶς ἀμερίμνους ποιήσομεν 1 Here the chief priests and elders mean that the they will act in such a way that the soldiers do not need to worry about the punishment that they would normally receive for sleeping while guarding something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “make you free from worry about how you might be punished” or “prevent you from worrying about what might happen to you”
28:15 og6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney ἀργύρια 1 Each of these **pieces of silver** was a coin equivalent to about four days’ wages. See how you expressed the idea in [26:15](../26/15.md). Alternate translation: “the coins made out of silver” or “the money”
28:15 yu3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐδιδάχθησαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the chief priests and elders. Alternate translation: “the chief priests and elders taught them”
28:15 feyg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive διεφημίσθη ὁ λόγος οὗτος παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “people have reported this word among the Jews”
28:15 m2jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ λόγος οὗτος 1 Here, word represents what the soldiers said using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their story” or “what they said”
28:15 cp7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μέχρι τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας 1 Here, the phrase **until today** refers to the time period up to and including Matthew’s present time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the present” or “from then on”
28:16 h1ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. This event occurs sometime soon after the women give the disciples the message from the angel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Sometime later,”
28:16 vyyy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ & ἕνδεκα μαθηταὶ 1 Here Matthew refers to Jesus’ closest **disciples**, the ones whom he called “the Twelve” earlier in the book. There are only **11** of them now because Judas Iscariot was no longer part of the group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate more explicitly that these are Jesus’ 11 closest disciples. Alternate translation: “Jesus’ 11 closest disciples” or “the 11 most important disciples”
28:16 ddkq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐπορεύθησαν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “came”
28:17 pze9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ & ἐδίστασαν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples **doubted** that the person they were seeing was really Jesus and that he had really become alive again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they doubted whether Jesus really was there” or “they doubted whether Jesus really was alive”
28:17 va85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns οἱ 1 Here, the word translated **they** could refer to: (1) all the disciples who **worshiped** Jesus. Alternate translation: “they also” (2) some of the disciples who **worshiped** Jesus. Alternate translation: “some of them”
28:18 uqir rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
28:18 v37p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God has given to me all authority”
28:18 c9m6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I have been completely empowered”
28:18 sm35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 1 Here, Jesus is referring to all of the created world by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in all creation” or “in the universe”
28:19 ejcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result πορευθέντες οὖν 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces what the disciples should do since Jesus has all authority (see [28:18](../28/18.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a result or inference. Alternate translation: “Because of that, having gone”
28:19 sf28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πορευθέντες 1 Here Jesus means that the disciples should go to from where they were to many other places. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Having gone to many places” or “Having gone from here”
28:19 oc88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 Here Jesus means that the disciples should help or enable people from **all the nations** to become disciples too. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “make all the nations into my disciples” or “enable all the nations to become my disciples”\n
28:19 yz6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 Here, the word **nations** represents the people who live in those **nations**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people of all the nations”
28:19-20 tlm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς & διδάσκοντες αὐτοὺς 1 Here, the phrases **baptizing them** and **teaching them** could introduce: (1) more things that the disciples are supposed to do in addition to discipling all the nations. Alternate translation: “and baptize them … and teach them” (2) the means by which the disciples are supposed to disciple all the nations. Alternate translation: “which you should do by baptizing them … also by teaching them”
28:19 l5b5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy εἰς τὸ ὄνομα 1 Here Jesus uses the word **name** to refer to authority. What he means is that, when they baptize people, they should say the names of **the Father**, **the Son**, and **the Holy Spirit** to indicate that they belong to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that Jesus is referring to authority or belonging. Alternate translation: “under the authority” or “so that they are people”
28:19 kwa3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς & τοῦ Υἱοῦ 1 **Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God **the Father** and Jesus his **Son**.
28:19 eoq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person τοῦ Υἱοῦ 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “of me, who am the Son”
28:20 lm0u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo πάντα ὅσα 1 The expression **everything, as much as** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “all things that”
28:20 mz6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the disciples and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “listen” or “pay attention:”
28:20 tzf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense εἰμι 1 Here Jesus uses the present tense to describe something that is true during the time period that he describes. Use whatever tense is natural in your language for referring to this time period. Alternate translation: “will continue to be”
28:20 cmdj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας 1 Here, the phrase **all the days** indicates that something happens or is true every day, that is, always. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “always”
28:20 si8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Here, the phrase **the end of the age** refers to when the current time period will cease and a new age will begin. If your language has a way to refer to the end of the way things are now, you could use it here, or you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “until the end of the world” or “until the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease”

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