JOS 2 9 u74z figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם 1 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 10 m3e1 0 General Information: Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
JOS 2 10 bcm2 יַם־סוּף֙ 1 the Sea of Reeds This is another name for the Red Sea.
JOS 2 10 c6i6 translate-names לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג\ 1 Sihon…Og These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 2 10 c6i6 translate-names לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג 1 Sihon…Og These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 2 11 qx6v figs-doublet וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ 1 our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase “our hearts melted” compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 12 j6sz 0 General Information: Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
JOS 2 12 nmi4 figs-parallelism הִשָּֽׁבְעוּ־נָ֥א לִי֙…וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם לִ֖י א֥וֹת אֱמֶֽת 1 please swear to me…Give me a sure sign These are similar statements of Rahab seeking assurance from the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ JOS 2 22 y2rj וְלֹ֥א מָצָֽאוּ 1 found nothing This refers to t
JOS 2 23 zps9 figs-explicit וַיָּשֻׁ֜בוּ שְׁנֵ֤י הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ 1 The two men returned The two men returned back to the Israelite’s camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 2 23 y6et figs-doublet וַיָּשֻׁ֜בוּ…וַיֵּרְד֣וּ…וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֔אוּ 1 returned and crossed over and came back These are similar expressions referring to returning to where the Israelite’s are camped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 2 23 u3is figs-idiom וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ 1 crossed over “cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 2 23 i2bk translate-names נ֑וּן 1 Nun This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 2 23 i2bk translate-names נ֑וּן 1 Nun This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 2 23 cv1w אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמֹּצְא֖וֹת אוֹתָֽם 1 everything that had happened to them “all that the men had experienced and seen.”
JOS 2 24 rk66 בְּיָדֵ֖נוּ 1 our This word, “us,” refers to Israel.
JOS 2 24 eh7s figs-metaphor יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ 1 inhabitants of the land are melting away The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ JOS 3 12 u1wf 0 General Information: Joshua continues to tell Israel of the mi
JOS 3 12 u1wg 0 General Information: Just as Israel’s fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land.
JOS 3 13 bej3 כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵ֣י 1 the soles of the feet This refers to the bottom of their feet.
JOS 3 13 u9rl מִלְמָ֑עְלָה 1 upstream This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel.
JOS 3 13 s6ud וְיַעַמְד֖וּ נֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד 1 stand in one heap The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests.
JOS 3 13 s6ud וְיַעַמְד֖וּ נֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד 1 stand in one heap The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests.
JOS 3 15 nhu7 figs-synecdoche בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַמָּ֑יִם 1 edge of the water This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 3 15 mu2b writing-background וְהַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מָלֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֔יו כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י קָצִֽיר 1 now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 3 17 dp93 0 General Information: The miraculous Jordan River crossing continues.
JOS 5 13 iyi7 figs-metaphor וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד 1 he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. Alternate translation: “he looked up and saw that a man was standing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 5 13 x26s וְהִנֵּה 1 behold The word “behold” alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this.
JOS 5 13 kk45 וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ 1 he had drawn his sword and it was in his hand Here the words “he” and “his” refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua.
JOS 5 14 d8u1 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר 1 He said The word “he” refers to the man Joshua saw.
JOS 5 14 d8u1 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר 1 He said The word “he” refers to the man Joshua saw.
JOS 5 14 ds5l לֹ֗א 1 Neither This is the beginning of the man’s answer to Joshua’s question, “Are you for us or for our enemies?” This short answer could be clarified. Alternate translation: “I am neither for you nor for your enemies”
JOS 5 14 r42a translate-symaction וַיִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אַ֨רְצָה֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ 1 Joshua lay facedown on the ground to worship This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS 5 14 r42a translate-symaction וַיִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אַ֨רְצָה֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ 1 Joshua lay facedown on the ground to worship This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS 5 15 ge5y translate-symaction שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ 1 Take off your sandals from your feet This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS 6 intro uie9 0 # Joshua 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh conquers<br><br>It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, “Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city.” The circumstances of Israel’s victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 6 1 gbz8 וַיְהִ֣י 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up.
JOS 6 1 gbz8 וִֽירִיחוֹ֙ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up.
JOS 6 2 j65i figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָֽדְךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֑הּ גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶחָֽיִל 1 I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 6 2 v4hu figs-metonymy בְיָֽדְךָ֔ 1 into your hand The word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “so that you can control it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 6 3 fu9e 0 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ JOS 6 14 r4j1 כֹּ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ 1 They did this Israel marched around J
JOS 6 14 p14u translate-numbers שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 six days “6 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 6 16 fp32 הָעָם֙ 1 the people This refers to the people of Israel.
JOS 6 16 sc3s תָּקְע֥וּ…בַּשּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת 1 gave a blast with the trumpets “sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
JOS 6 16 fj73 figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם 1 Yahweh has given you Joshua is saying that Yahweh will definitely give them the city by saying that he has already given it to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 6 16 fj73 figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם 1 Yahweh has given you Joshua is saying that Yahweh will definitely give them the city by saying that he has already given it to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 6 16 wdh6 figs-you נָתַ֧ן…לָכֶ֖ם 1 given you The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 6 17 ugl7 0 Connecting Statement: Joshua continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JOS 6 17 w1sn figs-activepassive וְהָיְתָ֨ה הָעִ֥יר חֵ֛רֶם הִ֥יא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ לַֽיהוָ֑ה 1 The city and all that is in it will be set apart to Yahweh for destruction This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it for destruction” or “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it by destroying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ JOS 7 13 u4s8 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua and
JOS 7 13 ln4q אֶת־הָעָ֔ם 1 the people This refers to the people of Israel.
JOS 7 13 j4ki figs-metonymy לֹ֣א תוּכַ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ 1 You cannot stand against your enemies Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against them. Alternate translation: “You cannot fight successfully against your enemies” or “You cannot defeat your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 7 14 gjw9 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Joshua what he must tell the people.
JOS 7 14 dp8p figs-idiom וְנִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם בַּבֹּ֖קֶר לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֑ם 1 you must present yourselves by your tribes There were twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel. The phrase “by your tribes” means “each tribe.” Alternate translation: “each of your tribes must present themselves to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 7 14 dp8p figs-idiom וְנִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם בַּבֹּ֖קֶר לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֑ם 1 you must present yourselves by your tribes There were twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel. The phrase “by your tribes” means “each tribe.” Alternate translation: “each of your tribes must present themselves to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 7 14 scj7 figs-idiom הַשֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה יִקְרַ֣ב לַמִּשְׁפָּח֗וֹת 1 The tribe that Yahweh selects will come near by their clans The tribe was made up of multiple clans. Alternate translation: “From the tribe that Yahweh selects, each clan will come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 7 14 crt9 הַשֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה 1 The tribe that Yahweh selects The leaders of Israel would toss lots, and by doing this, they would learn which tribe Yahweh had selected. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The tribe that Yahweh selects by lot” or “The tribe that Yahweh selects when we toss lots”
JOS 7 14 xl85 figs-idiom וְהַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֞ה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֤נָּה יְהוָה֙ תִּקְרַ֣ב לַבָּתִּ֔ים 1 The clan that Yahweh selects must come near by each household The clan was made up of multiple households. Alternate translation: “From the clan that Yahweh selects, each household must come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 7 16 g7qp figs-activepassive וַיִּלָּכֵ֖ד שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָֽה 1 the tribe of Judah was selected This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh selected the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 7 17 br4y figs-idiom וַיַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַזַּרְחִי֙ לַגְּבָרִ֔ים 1 He brought near the clan of the Zerahites person by person The phrase “person by person” is an idiom meaning each person. The persons in this sentence were the leaders of their households. Alternate translation: “He brought near each person of the clan of the Zerahites” or “From the clan of the Zerahites, he brought near each man who was the leader of his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 7 17 z419 אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַזַּרְחִי֙ 1 the clan of the Zerahites The clan was named after the man named Zerah.
JOS 7 17 ha7i translate-names זַבְדִּֽי 1 Zabdi This is a man’s name. Translate as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 7 17 ha7i translate-names זַבְדִּֽי 1 Zabdi This is a man’s name. Translate as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 7 18 u41u translate-names עָכָ֞ן…כַּרְמִ֧י…זַבְדִּ֛י…זֶ֖רַח 1 Zabdi…Achan…Karmi…Zerah These are men’s names. Translate them as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 7 19 k521 figs-abstractnouns וְתֶן־ל֣וֹ תוֹדָ֑ה 1 give your confession to him The abstract noun “confession” can be expressed with the verb “confess.” Alternate translation: “confess to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOS 7 19 fv9g figs-metaphor אַל־תְּכַחֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽנִּי 1 Do not hide it from me Hiding information represents trying to keep someone from knowing it. Alternate translation: “Do not try to prevent me from knowing what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 21 b9nn translate-bweight וּמָאתַ֧יִם שְׁקָלִ֣ים 1 two hundred shekels This is over two kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JOS 7 21 y7vj translate-bweight חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים שְׁקָלִים֙ 1 fifty shekels This is over 500 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JOS 7 21 xw3j figs-activepassive טְמוּנִ֥ים בָּאָ֛רֶץ 1 They are hidden in the ground This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hid them in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 7 23 vh7i וַיַּצִּקֻ֖ם 1 poured them out Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
JOS 7 23 vh7i וַיַּצִּקֻ֖ם 1 poured them out Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
JOS 7 24 ta3l translate-names עֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר 1 the Valley of Achor The name means “Valley of Trouble,” but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 7 25 vd6n figs-rquestion מֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔נוּ 1 Why have you troubled us? Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: “You have troubled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 7 25 i3rq וַיִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲבָנִֽים 1 Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
JOS 7 26 zcp9 figs-metaphor וַיָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ 1 Yahweh turned away his burning anger Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 26 zcp9 figs-metaphor וַיָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ 1 Yahweh turned away his burning anger Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 26 hfq5 עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 until this present day It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: “even today” or “even now”
JOS 8 intro f3jc 0 # Joshua 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.<br>
JOS 8 1 l4p8 figs-parallelism אַל־תִּירָ֣א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֔ת 1 Do not fear; do not be discouraged These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 8 35 kdu7 figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 Israel This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 9 intro w1cx 0 # Joshua 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s mistake<br><br>Israel was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 9 1 g4h4 translate-names הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן 1 the Jordan a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 9 2 uj94 figs-metonymy פֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד 1 under one command Here “command” represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. Alternate translation: “obeying the commands of one leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 9 2 uj94 figs-metonymy פֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד 1 under one command Here “command” represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. Alternate translation: “obeying the commands of one leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 9 4 r5yb בְּעָרְמָ֔ה 1 cunning plan a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites
JOS 9 5 q9v6 יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים 1 dry and moldy “dry and filled with fungus” or “stale and ruined”
JOS 9 6 rz8e figs-synecdoche אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 men of Israel This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -320,10 +320,10 @@ JOS 10 intro uy1f 0 # Joshua 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<
JOS 10 1 au8p וַיְהִי֩ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek.
JOS 10 1 y65k translate-names אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק 1 Adoni-Zedek This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 3 y6ss translate-names יַרְמ֜וּת…לָכִ֛ישׁ…עֶגְל֖וֹן 1 Jarmuth…Lachish…Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 3 k9rg translate-names הוֹהָ֣ם…פִּרְאָ֨ם…יָפִ֧יעַ…דְּבִ֥ירן 1 Hoham…Piram…Japhia…Debir These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 3 k9rg translate-names הוֹהָ֣ם…פִּרְאָ֨ם…יָפִ֧יעַ…דְּבִ֥יר 1 Hoham…Piram…Japhia…Debir These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 4 ct5k עֲלֽוּ־אֵלַ֣י 1 Come up to me “Travel to where I am.” Jerusalem was higher in elevation than other cities in Canaan.
JOS 10 5 d9vy translate-numbers חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת׀ מַלְכֵ֣י 1 five kings “5 kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 10 5 m422 translate-names יַרְמ֜וּת…לָכִ֛ישׁ…עֶגְל֖וֹן 1 Jarmuth…Lachish…Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 5 m422 translate-names יַרְמוּת֙…לָכִ֣ישׁ…עֶגְל֔וֹן 1 Jarmuth…Lachish…Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 5 vs78 וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל 1 They set up their positions against Gibeon This means they set up their camp around their city. This was a way of weakening those in the city. It prevented people from escaping the city, and it prevented others from bringing food and water to them in the city.
JOS 10 6 wk68 לֵאמֹ֔ר 1 They said The word “They” here refers to Gibeonites.
JOS 10 6 zhx9 figs-litotes אַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖יךָ מֵֽעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ 1 Do not withdraw your hands from your servants This humble request is stated with two negatives to emphasize the need for a positive action. Alternate translation: “Please come and use your strength to protect us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ JOS 10 8 du96 נְתַתִּ֑ים 1 I have given them Here the word “them
JOS 10 9 ecq8 figs-synecdoche וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ 1 Joshua came The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 10 10 sq89 וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Yahweh confused the enemy before Israel Here “Israel” refers to the entire army of Israel.
JOS 10 10 yr7y translate-names בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן…עֲזֵקָ֖ה…מַקֵּדָֽה 1 Beth Horon…Azekah…Makkedah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 11 fbf9 translate-names בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן…עֲזֵקָ֖ה 1 Beth Horon…Azekah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 11 fbf9 translate-names בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙…עֲזֵקָ֖ה 1 Beth Horon…Azekah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 11 tuc9 הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם 1 threw large stones down from heaven “threw large hailstones from the sky”
JOS 10 12 si1e figs-parallelism שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בְּגִבְע֣וֹן דּ֔וֹם וְיָרֵ֖חַ בְּעֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן 1 Sun, be still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon Joshua is praying that Yahweh would make the progression of time stop on this day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 10 12 j9zt figs-personification שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ…וְיָרֵ֖חַ 1 Sun…moon Joshua commands the sun and moon as if these were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOS 10 29 k439 translate-names לִבְנָ֑ה 1 Libnah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 31 dsk6 translate-names מִלִּבְנָ֖ה לָכִ֑ישָׁה 1 Libnah…Lachish These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 32 yw79 figs-metonymy בְּיַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 into the hand of Israel Here their “hand” represents their control. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 33 rff2 translate-names הֹרָם֙ 1 Horam This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 33 rff2 translate-names הֹרָם֙ 1 Horam This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 33 lp2c translate-names גֶּ֔זֶר…אֶת־לָכִ֑ישׁ 1 Gezer…Lachish These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 34 y3g9 translate-names מִלָּכִ֖ישׁ עֶגְלֹ֑נָה 1 Lachish…Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 35 dqi7 figs-doublet וַיַּכּ֣וּהָ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַנֶּ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־…הַה֖וּא הֶחֱרִ֑ים 1 struck it with the edge of the sword…completely destroyed everyone in it These two phrases have similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ JOS 11 10 pbp8 מַלְכָּ֖הּ הִכָּ֣ה בֶחָ֑רֶב 1 He
JOS 11 10 cjd1 figs-metaphor חָצ֣וֹר לְפָנִ֔ים הִ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ כָּל־הַמַּמְלָכ֥וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּ 1 Hazor had been head of all these kingdoms Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. Alternate translation: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 11 be72 figs-parallelism וַ֠יַּכּוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֨פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤הּ לְפִי־חֶ֨רֶב֙ הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם לֹ֥א נוֹתַ֖ר כָּל־נְשָׁמָ֑ה 1 They struck with the sword every living creature that was there…so there was not any living creature left alive These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 11 11 z2md figs-synecdoche הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם 1 he set them apart to be destroyed The word “he” refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate translation: “the army completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 11 12 i5tz וַיַּכֵּ֥ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב 1 struck them with the edge of the sword “killed them”
JOS 11 12 i5tz וַיַּכֵּ֥ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב 1 struck them with the edge of the sword “killed them”
JOS 11 13 f8kv הֶעָרִ֗ים הָעֹֽמְדוֹת֙ עַל־תִּלָּ֔ם 1 cities built on mounds “cities built on small hills”
JOS 11 14 grk1 figs-rpronouns לָהֶ֖ם 1 for themselves This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOS 11 14 n215 figs-parallelism אֶֽת־כָּל־הָאָדָ֞ם הִכּ֣וּ לְפִי־חֶ֗רֶב עַד־הִשְׁמִדָם֙ אוֹתָ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖ירוּ כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה 1 They killed every human being with the edge of the sword until all were dead. They left alive no creature that breathed. These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ JOS 12 1 e45x writing-background וְאֵ֣לֶּה 1 Now This word is used h
JOS 12 1 fe2c וְאֵ֣לֶּה׀ מַלְכֵ֣י 1 these are the kings This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24.
JOS 12 1 g8ju translate-names הָעֲרָבָ֖ה 1 the Arabah These are the names of a region of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 2 uv1m translate-names מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר 1 Aroer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 2 ts6s סִיחוֹן֙…בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 Sihon…Heshbon See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
JOS 12 2 ts6s סִיחוֹן֙…בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 Sihon…Heshbon See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
JOS 12 3 dh7d יָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת 1 Sea of Kinnereth This is a place. See how you translated this in [Joshua 11:2](../11/02.md).
JOS 12 3 gc3x translate-names בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת…הַפִּסְגָּֽה 1 Beth Jeshimoth…Mount Pisgah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 4 zb6d ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן 1 Og, king of Bashan See how you translated this man’s name in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ JOS 12 6 bsj6 לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִי֙ 1 Reubenites These are the descen
JOS 12 6 p8zt וְלַגָּדִ֔י 1 Gadites These are the descendants of Gad.
JOS 12 6 zk48 וְלַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֥בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּֽׁה 1 half tribe of Manasseh They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan.
JOS 12 7 nie7 translate-names מִבַּ֤עַל גָּד֙…הָהָ֥ר הֶחָלָ֖ק 1 Baal Gad…Mount Halak These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 8 z37z translate-names וּבָֽעֲרָבָה֙ 1 the Arabah This is the name of a region of land. Translate as in [Joshua 12:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 8 z37z translate-names וּבָֽעֲרָבָה֙ 1 the Arabah This is the name of a region of land. Translate as in [Joshua 12:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 10 ps2m translate-names חֶבְר֖וֹן 1 Enaim This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 11 aj97 translate-names יַרְמוּת֙…לָכִ֖ישׁ 1 Jarmuth…Lachish These are the names of cities. Translate in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 12 bgl2 translate-names עֶגְלוֹן֙…גֶּ֖זֶר 1 Eglon…Gezer These are the names of cities. Translate “Eglon” in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ JOS 14 6 g6g8 translate-names הַקְּנִזִּ֑י 1 Kenizzite This is th
JOS 14 7 wqe2 figs-idiom וָאָשֵׁ֤ב אֹתוֹ֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר עִם־לְבָבִֽי 1 I brought him a report again as it was in my heart to make Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts. The phrase is an idiom that refers to a report that is given honestly. Alternate translation: “I brought back to him an honest report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 14 8 q6zs figs-metaphor הִמְסִ֖יו אֶת־לֵ֣ב הָעָ֑ם 1 made the heart of the people melt with fear Making the people very afraid is spoken of as if it were making the hearts of the people melt. Alternate translation: “made the people very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 8 d53a figs-metaphor וְאָנֹכִ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתִי אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה 1 I completely followed Yahweh Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 9 ew2r figs-metaphor הָאָ֨רֶץ֙…בָּ֔הּ לְךָ֨ תִֽהְיֶ֧ה לְנַחֲלָ֛ה וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם 1 the land…will be an inheritance for you and for your children forever The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 9 ew2r figs-metaphor הָאָ֨רֶץ֙…בָּ֔הּ לְךָ֨ תִֽהְיֶ֧ה לְנַחֲלָ֛ה וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם 1 the land…will be an inheritance for you and for your children forever The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 9 shc9 figs-synecdoche הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דָּרְכָ֤ה רַגְלְךָ֙ 1 the land on which your foot has walked Here “your foot” represents Caleb. Alternate translation: “the land on which you have walked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 14 10 m9sn הִנֵּה֩ 1 look “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
JOS 14 10 c4ma אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר 1 while Israel walked in the wilderness “while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness”
@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ JOS 17 14 dg92 וְחֶ֣בֶל 1 portion part
JOS 17 14 p7z5 עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד 1 people great in number “many people”
JOS 17 15 d24l אִם־עַם־רַ֤ב אַתָּה֙ 1 If you are a people great in number “Since you are a people great in number”
JOS 17 15 psc4 translate-names וְהָֽרְפָאִ֑ים 1 Rephaim This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 16 g788 translate-names בְּבֵית־שְׁאָן֙…יִזְרְעֶֽאל 1 Beth Shan…Jezreel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 16 g788 translate-names בְּבֵית־שְׁאָן֙…יִזְרְעֶֽאל 1 Beth Shan…Jezreel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 17 wa3y figs-metonymy בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף 1 the house of Joseph Here the word “house” refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 17 18 w4m4 וּבֵ֣רֵאת֔וֹ 1 you will clear it “you will clear the forest of trees” or “you will cut down its trees”
JOS 18 intro j38i 0 # Joshua 18 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ JOS 18 5 d41l figs-metonymy וּבֵ֥ית יוֹסֵ֛ף 1 the house of Jose
JOS 18 7 v3qr 0 General Information: Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
JOS 18 7 e6s8 אֵֽין־חֵ֤לֶק 1 no portion “no portion of land”
JOS 18 7 kus7 figs-metaphor כִּֽי־כְהֻנַּ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה נַחֲלָת֑וֹ 1 for the priesthood of Yahweh is their inheritance Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. Alternate translation: “for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 7 eqg6 וַחֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה 1 the half tribe of Manasseh “half of the tribe of Manasseh”
JOS 18 7 eqg6 וַחֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה 1 the half tribe of Manasseh “half of the tribe of Manasseh”
JOS 18 7 cyc8 figs-metaphor לָקְח֣וּ נַחֲלָתָ֗ם 1 have received their inheritance The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “have received land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 8 t1cr 0 General Information: Joshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land.
JOS 18 8 p238 figs-idiom וְהִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָאָ֜רֶץ 1 up and down in the land The words “up and down” mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](../18/04.md). Alternate translation: “in every direction in the land” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ JOS 18 13 hx15 translate-names ל֨וּזָה֙…בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל…ע
JOS 18 14 h4e6 הַגְּבוּל֩ 1 The boundary This refers to the same thing as “the border” in verse 13.
JOS 18 14 eq7x translate-names קִרְיַת־בַּ֨עַל֙…קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים 1 Kiriath Baal…Kiriath Jearim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 15 ulq2 translate-names קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֑ים…נֶפְתּֽוֹחַ 1 Kiriath Jearim…Ephron…Nephtoah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 16 br6t translate-names בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם…רְפָאִ֖ים…הִנֹּ֜ם…עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל 1 Ben Hinnom…Rephaim…Hinnom…En Rogel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 16 br6t translate-names בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם…רְפָאִ֖ים…הִנֹּ֜ם…עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל 1 Ben Hinnom…Rephaim…Hinnom…En Rogel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 17 d8dt translate-names עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ…גְּלִיל֔וֹת…אֲדֻמִּ֑ים 1 En Shemesh…Geliloth…Adummim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 17 z2mh translate-names אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן 1 the Stone of Bohan This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 18 g6td figs-metaphor כֶּ֥תֶף מוּל־הָֽעֲרָבָ֖ה 1 the shoulder of Beth Arabah Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the slope of Beth Arabah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 22 hs7i translate-names בְּתָב֤וֹר 1 Tabor This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 22 ht1e translate-names ושחצומה 1 Shahazumah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 23 yll2 figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Issachar The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 24 lhr4 וַיֵּצֵא֙ הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֔י 1 The fifth casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 24 lhr4 וַיֵּצֵא֙ הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֔י 1 The fifth casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 24 xa5a translate-ordinal הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֔י 1 The fifth number five in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 25 prg9 translate-names חֶלְקַ֥ת וַחֲלִ֖י וָבֶ֥טֶן וְאַכְשָֽׁף 1 Helkath, Hali, Beten, Akshaph These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 26 v6t4 translate-names וְאַֽלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וְעַמְעָ֖ד וּמִשְׁאָ֑ל…וּבְשִׁיח֖וֹר לִבְנָֽת 1 Allammelek, Amad, and Mishall…Shihor Libnath These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ JOS 20 2 qhs6 figs-metonymy בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 by the hand of Mos
JOS 20 3 a1vg מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֖ה 1 unintentionally kills This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so.
JOS 20 3 h73b figs-metonymy מִגֹּאֵ֖ל הַדָּֽם 1 avenge the blood of a person who was killed Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 20 4 u2dh וְנָ֞ס 1 He will run Here the word “he” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
JOS 20 4 p1sg וְדִבֶּ֛ר בְּאָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָעִֽיר הַהִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑יו 1 explain his case to the elders of that city “convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person.
JOS 20 4 p1sg וְדִבֶּ֛ר בְּאָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָעִֽיר הַהִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑יו 1 explain his case to the elders of that city “convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person.
JOS 20 4 dhh4 וְאָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ 1 Then they will take him The word “they” refers to the elders and “him” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
JOS 20 4 k969 וְיָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽם 1 live among them This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only.
JOS 20 5 x945 figs-metonymy גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ 1 avenge the blood of the person who was killed Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 20 6 c6fe עָמְד֞וֹ לִפְנֵ֤י הָֽעֵדָה֙ 1 stood before the assembly This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens.
JOS 20 7 lyr5 translate-names 0 General Information: There are a lot of names in this section. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 20 8 cy8e לְיַרְדֵּ֤ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 20 9 b89x figs-idiom לֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּיַד֙ 1 would not die by the hand of the one Here “by the hand” is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: “would not be killed by the one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 20 9 b89x figs-idiom וְלֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּיַד֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם 1 would not die by the hand of the one Here “by the hand” is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: “would not be killed by the one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 20 9 j61z figs-metonymy גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם 1 avenge the blood that was shed This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 21 1 js4y translate-names אֶלְעָזָר֙…נ֑וּן 1 Eleazar…Nun These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 intro yqa8 0 # Joshua 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s instructions<br>In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua’s instructions.<br>
JOS 24 1 e4nq figs-metaphor וַיֶּאֶסֹ֧ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel Joshua’s summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. Alternate translation: “Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 1 c7pt וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י 1 presented themselves before “came and stood in front of” or “came before”
JOS 24 2 tn5x מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם 1 long ago “many years ago”
JOS 24 2 tn5x מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם 1 long ago “many years ago”
JOS 24 2 y8s6 כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר 1 This is what Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13.
JOS 24 2 uke1 translate-names תֶּ֛רַח…נָח֑וֹר 1 Terah…Nahor These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 3 h2vy 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
1
Book
Chapter
Verse
ID
SupportReference
OrigQuote
Occurrence
GLQuote
OccurrenceNote
56
JOS
2
9
u74z
figs-metaphor
נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם
1
will melt away before you
This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57
JOS
2
10
m3e1
0
General Information:
Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
58
JOS
2
10
bcm2
יַם־סוּף֙
1
the Sea of Reeds
This is another name for the Red Sea.
59
JOS
2
10
c6i6
translate-names
לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג\לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג
1
Sihon…Og
These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone
These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase “our hearts melted” compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
These are similar expressions referring to returning to where the Israelite’s are camped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
83
JOS
2
23
u3is
figs-idiom
וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙
1
crossed over
“cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
84
JOS
2
23
i2bk
translate-names
נ֑וּןנ֑וּן
1
Nun
This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
85
JOS
2
23
cv1w
אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמֹּצְא֖וֹת אוֹתָֽם
1
everything that had happened to them
“all that the men had experienced and seen.”
86
JOS
2
24
rk66
בְּיָדֵ֖נוּ
1
our
This word, “us,” refers to Israel.
87
JOS
2
24
eh7s
figs-metaphor
יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ
1
inhabitants of the land are melting away
The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104
JOS
3
12
u1wg
0
General Information:
Just as Israel’s fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land.
105
JOS
3
13
bej3
כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵ֣י
1
the soles of the feet
This refers to the bottom of their feet.
106
JOS
3
13
u9rl
מִלְמָ֑עְלָה
1
upstream
This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel.
he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing
Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. Alternate translation: “he looked up and saw that a man was standing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
157
JOS
5
13
x26s
וְהִנֵּה
1
behold
The word “behold” alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this.
158
JOS
5
13
kk45
וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ
1
he had drawn his sword and it was in his hand
Here the words “he” and “his” refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua.
159
JOS
5
14
d8u1
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרוַיֹּ֣אמֶר
1
He said
The word “he” refers to the man Joshua saw.
160
JOS
5
14
ds5l
לֹ֗א
1
Neither
This is the beginning of the man’s answer to Joshua’s question, “Are you for us or for our enemies?” This short answer could be clarified. Alternate translation: “I am neither for you nor for your enemies”
This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
162
JOS
5
15
ge5y
translate-symaction
שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ
1
Take off your sandals from your feet
This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
163
JOS
6
intro
uie9
0
# Joshua 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh conquers<br><br>It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, “Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city.” The circumstances of Israel’s victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
164
JOS
6
1
gbz8
וַיְהִ֣יוִֽירִיחוֹ֙
1
Now
This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up.
I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers
Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
166
JOS
6
2
v4hu
figs-metonymy
בְיָֽדְךָ֔
1
into your hand
The word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “so that you can control it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
167
JOS
6
3
fu9e
0
Connecting Statement:
God continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
“sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
187
JOS
6
16
fj73
figs-pastforfuture
נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖םנָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם
1
Yahweh has given you
Joshua is saying that Yahweh will definitely give them the city by saying that he has already given it to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
188
JOS
6
16
wdh6
figs-you
נָתַ֧ן…לָכֶ֖ם
1
given you
The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
189
JOS
6
17
ugl7
0
Connecting Statement:
Joshua continues speaking to the people of Israel.
The city and all that is in it will be set apart to Yahweh for destruction
This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it for destruction” or “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it by destroying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
233
JOS
7
13
ln4q
אֶת־הָעָ֔ם
1
the people
This refers to the people of Israel.
234
JOS
7
13
j4ki
figs-metonymy
לֹ֣א תוּכַ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ
1
You cannot stand against your enemies
Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against them. Alternate translation: “You cannot fight successfully against your enemies” or “You cannot defeat your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
235
JOS
7
14
gjw9
0
Connecting Statement:
Yahweh continues telling Joshua what he must tell the people.
There were twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel. The phrase “by your tribes” means “each tribe.” Alternate translation: “each of your tribes must present themselves to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
The tribe that Yahweh selects will come near by their clans
The tribe was made up of multiple clans. Alternate translation: “From the tribe that Yahweh selects, each clan will come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
238
JOS
7
14
crt9
הַשֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה
1
The tribe that Yahweh selects
The leaders of Israel would toss lots, and by doing this, they would learn which tribe Yahweh had selected. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The tribe that Yahweh selects by lot” or “The tribe that Yahweh selects when we toss lots”
The clan that Yahweh selects must come near by each household
The clan was made up of multiple households. Alternate translation: “From the clan that Yahweh selects, each household must come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
245
JOS
7
16
g7qp
figs-activepassive
וַיִּלָּכֵ֖ד שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָֽה
1
the tribe of Judah was selected
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh selected the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
He brought near the clan of the Zerahites person by person
The phrase “person by person” is an idiom meaning each person. The persons in this sentence were the leaders of their households. Alternate translation: “He brought near each person of the clan of the Zerahites” or “From the clan of the Zerahites, he brought near each man who was the leader of his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
247
JOS
7
17
z419
אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַזַּרְחִי֙
1
the clan of the Zerahites
The clan was named after the man named Zerah.
248
JOS
7
17
ha7i
translate-names
זַבְדִּֽיזַבְדִּֽי
1
Zabdi
This is a man’s name. Translate as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
249
JOS
7
18
u41u
translate-names
עָכָ֞ן…כַּרְמִ֧י…זַבְדִּ֛י…זֶ֖רַח
1
Zabdi…Achan…Karmi…Zerah
These are men’s names. Translate them as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
250
JOS
7
19
k521
figs-abstractnouns
וְתֶן־ל֣וֹ תוֹדָ֑ה
1
give your confession to him
The abstract noun “confession” can be expressed with the verb “confess.” Alternate translation: “confess to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
251
JOS
7
19
fv9g
figs-metaphor
אַל־תְּכַחֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽנִּי
1
Do not hide it from me
Hiding information represents trying to keep someone from knowing it. Alternate translation: “Do not try to prevent me from knowing what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252
JOS
7
21
b9nn
translate-bweight
וּמָאתַ֧יִם שְׁקָלִ֣ים
1
two hundred shekels
This is over two kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
253
JOS
7
21
y7vj
translate-bweight
חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים שְׁקָלִים֙
1
fifty shekels
This is over 500 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
254
JOS
7
21
xw3j
figs-activepassive
טְמוּנִ֥ים בָּאָ֛רֶץ
1
They are hidden in the ground
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hid them in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
255
JOS
7
23
vh7i
וַיַּצִּקֻ֖םוַיַּצִּקֻ֖ם
1
poured them out
Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
256
JOS
7
24
ta3l
translate-names
עֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר
1
the Valley of Achor
The name means “Valley of Trouble,” but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
257
JOS
7
25
vd6n
figs-rquestion
מֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔נוּ
1
Why have you troubled us?
Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: “You have troubled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire.
Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260
JOS
7
26
hfq5
עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה
1
until this present day
It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: “even today” or “even now”
261
JOS
8
intro
f3jc
0
# Joshua 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.<br>
262
JOS
8
1
l4p8
figs-parallelism
אַל־תִּירָ֣א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֔ת
1
Do not fear; do not be discouraged
These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
292
JOS
8
35
kdu7
figs-metonymy
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙
1
Israel
This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
293
JOS
9
intro
w1cx
0
# Joshua 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s mistake<br><br>Israel was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
294
JOS
9
1
g4h4
translate-names
הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן
1
the Jordan
a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
295
JOS
9
2
uj94
figs-metonymy
פֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽדפֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד
1
under one command
Here “command” represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. Alternate translation: “obeying the commands of one leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
296
JOS
9
4
r5yb
בְּעָרְמָ֔ה
1
cunning plan
a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites
297
JOS
9
5
q9v6
יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים
1
dry and moldy
“dry and filled with fungus” or “stale and ruined”
298
JOS
9
6
rz8e
figs-synecdoche
אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל
1
men of Israel
This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
320
JOS
10
1
au8p
וַיְהִי֩
1
Now
This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek.
321
JOS
10
1
y65k
translate-names
אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק
1
Adoni-Zedek
This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
322
JOS
10
3
y6ss
translate-names
יַרְמ֜וּת…לָכִ֛ישׁ…עֶגְל֖וֹן
1
Jarmuth…Lachish…Eglon
These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
327
JOS
10
5
vs78
וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל
1
They set up their positions against Gibeon
This means they set up their camp around their city. This was a way of weakening those in the city. It prevented people from escaping the city, and it prevented others from bringing food and water to them in the city.
328
JOS
10
6
wk68
לֵאמֹ֔ר
1
They said
The word “They” here refers to Gibeonites.
329
JOS
10
6
zhx9
figs-litotes
אַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖יךָ מֵֽעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ
1
Do not withdraw your hands from your servants
This humble request is stated with two negatives to emphasize the need for a positive action. Alternate translation: “Please come and use your strength to protect us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
333
JOS
10
9
ecq8
figs-synecdoche
וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ
1
Joshua came
The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
334
JOS
10
10
sq89
וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
1
Yahweh confused the enemy before Israel
Here “Israel” refers to the entire army of Israel.
335
JOS
10
10
yr7y
translate-names
בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן…עֲזֵקָ֖ה…מַקֵּדָֽה
1
Beth Horon…Azekah…Makkedah
These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
336
JOS
10
11
fbf9
translate-names
בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן…עֲזֵקָ֖הבֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙…עֲזֵקָ֖ה
1
Beth Horon…Azekah
These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
Sun, be still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon
Joshua is praying that Yahweh would make the progression of time stop on this day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
339
JOS
10
12
j9zt
figs-personification
שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ…וְיָרֵ֖חַ
1
Sun…moon
Joshua commands the sun and moon as if these were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
354
JOS
10
29
k439
translate-names
לִבְנָ֑ה
1
Libnah
This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
355
JOS
10
31
dsk6
translate-names
מִלִּבְנָ֖ה לָכִ֑ישָׁה
1
Libnah…Lachish
These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
356
JOS
10
32
yw79
figs-metonymy
בְּיַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל
1
into the hand of Israel
Here their “hand” represents their control. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
357
JOS
10
33
rff2
translate-names
הֹרָם֙הֹרָם֙
1
Horam
This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
358
JOS
10
33
lp2c
translate-names
גֶּ֔זֶר…אֶת־לָכִ֑ישׁ
1
Gezer…Lachish
These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
359
JOS
10
34
y3g9
translate-names
מִלָּכִ֖ישׁ עֶגְלֹ֑נָה
1
Lachish…Eglon
These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
struck it with the edge of the sword…completely destroyed everyone in it
These two phrases have similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. Alternate translation: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
They struck with the sword every living creature that was there…so there was not any living creature left alive
These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
388
JOS
11
11
z2md
figs-synecdoche
הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם
1
he set them apart to be destroyed
The word “he” refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate translation: “the army completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
They killed every human being with the edge of the sword until all were dead. They left alive no creature that breathed.
These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
402
JOS
12
1
fe2c
וְאֵ֣לֶּה׀ מַלְכֵ֣י
1
these are the kings
This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24.
403
JOS
12
1
g8ju
translate-names
הָעֲרָבָ֖ה
1
the Arabah
These are the names of a region of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
404
JOS
12
2
uv1m
translate-names
מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר
1
Aroer
This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
405
JOS
12
2
ts6s
סִיחוֹן֙…בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹןסִיחוֹן֙…בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן
1
Sihon…Heshbon
See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
406
JOS
12
3
dh7d
יָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת
1
Sea of Kinnereth
This is a place. See how you translated this in [Joshua 11:2](../11/02.md).
407
JOS
12
3
gc3x
translate-names
בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת…הַפִּסְגָּֽה
1
Beth Jeshimoth…Mount Pisgah
These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
408
JOS
12
4
zb6d
ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן
1
Og, king of Bashan
See how you translated this man’s name in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
414
JOS
12
6
p8zt
וְלַגָּדִ֔י
1
Gadites
These are the descendants of Gad.
415
JOS
12
6
zk48
וְלַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֥בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּֽׁה
1
half tribe of Manasseh
They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan.
416
JOS
12
7
nie7
translate-names
מִבַּ֤עַל גָּד֙…הָהָ֥ר הֶחָלָ֖ק
1
Baal Gad…Mount Halak
These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
417
JOS
12
8
z37z
translate-names
וּבָֽעֲרָבָה֙וּבָֽעֲרָבָה֙
1
the Arabah
This is the name of a region of land. Translate as in [Joshua 12:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
418
JOS
12
10
ps2m
translate-names
חֶבְר֖וֹן
1
Enaim
This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
419
JOS
12
11
aj97
translate-names
יַרְמוּת֙…לָכִ֖ישׁ
1
Jarmuth…Lachish
These are the names of cities. Translate in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
420
JOS
12
12
bgl2
translate-names
עֶגְלוֹן֙…גֶּ֖זֶר
1
Eglon…Gezer
These are the names of cities. Translate “Eglon” in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
I brought him a report again as it was in my heart to make
Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts. The phrase is an idiom that refers to a report that is given honestly. Alternate translation: “I brought back to him an honest report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
500
JOS
14
8
q6zs
figs-metaphor
הִמְסִ֖יו אֶת־לֵ֣ב הָעָ֑ם
1
made the heart of the people melt with fear
Making the people very afraid is spoken of as if it were making the hearts of the people melt. Alternate translation: “made the people very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
501
JOS
14
8
d53a
figs-metaphor
וְאָנֹכִ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתִי אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה
1
I completely followed Yahweh
Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
the land…will be an inheritance for you and for your children forever
The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
503
JOS
14
9
shc9
figs-synecdoche
הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דָּרְכָ֤ה רַגְלְךָ֙
1
the land on which your foot has walked
Here “your foot” represents Caleb. Alternate translation: “the land on which you have walked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
504
JOS
14
10
m9sn
הִנֵּה֩
1
look
“pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
505
JOS
14
10
c4ma
אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר
1
while Israel walked in the wilderness
“while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness”
596
JOS
17
14
p7z5
עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד
1
people great in number
“many people”
597
JOS
17
15
d24l
אִם־עַם־רַ֤ב אַתָּה֙
1
If you are a people great in number
“Since you are a people great in number”
598
JOS
17
15
psc4
translate-names
וְהָֽרְפָאִ֑ים
1
Rephaim
This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
600
JOS
17
17
wa3y
figs-metonymy
בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף
1
the house of Joseph
Here the word “house” refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
601
JOS
17
18
w4m4
וּבֵ֣רֵאת֔וֹ
1
you will clear it
“you will clear the forest of trees” or “you will cut down its trees”
602
JOS
18
intro
j38i
0
# Joshua 18 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
613
JOS
18
7
v3qr
0
General Information:
Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
614
JOS
18
7
e6s8
אֵֽין־חֵ֤לֶק
1
no portion
“no portion of land”
615
JOS
18
7
kus7
figs-metaphor
כִּֽי־כְהֻנַּ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה נַחֲלָת֑וֹ
1
for the priesthood of Yahweh is their inheritance
Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. Alternate translation: “for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “have received land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
618
JOS
18
8
t1cr
0
General Information:
Joshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land.
619
JOS
18
8
p238
figs-idiom
וְהִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָאָ֜רֶץ
1
up and down in the land
The words “up and down” mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](../18/04.md). Alternate translation: “in every direction in the land” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
625
JOS
18
14
h4e6
הַגְּבוּל֩
1
The boundary
This refers to the same thing as “the border” in verse 13.
626
JOS
18
14
eq7x
translate-names
קִרְיַת־בַּ֨עַל֙…קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים
1
Kiriath Baal…Kiriath Jearim
These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
627
JOS
18
15
ulq2
translate-names
קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֑ים…נֶפְתּֽוֹחַ
1
Kiriath Jearim…Ephron…Nephtoah
These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
629
JOS
18
17
d8dt
translate-names
עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ…גְּלִיל֔וֹת…אֲדֻמִּ֑ים
1
En Shemesh…Geliloth…Adummim
These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
630
JOS
18
17
z2mh
translate-names
אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן
1
the Stone of Bohan
This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
631
JOS
18
18
g6td
figs-metaphor
כֶּ֥תֶף מוּל־הָֽעֲרָבָ֖ה
1
the shoulder of Beth Arabah
Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the slope of Beth Arabah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
671
JOS
19
22
hs7i
translate-names
בְּתָב֤וֹר
1
Tabor
This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
672
JOS
19
22
ht1e
translate-names
ושחצומה
1
Shahazumah
This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
673
JOS
19
23
yll2
figs-metaphor
זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר
1
This was the inheritance of the tribe of Issachar
The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
710
JOS
20
3
a1vg
מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֖ה
1
unintentionally kills
This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so.
711
JOS
20
3
h73b
figs-metonymy
מִגֹּאֵ֖ל הַדָּֽם
1
avenge the blood of a person who was killed
Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
712
JOS
20
4
u2dh
וְנָ֞ס
1
He will run
Here the word “he” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
“convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person.
714
JOS
20
4
dhh4
וְאָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ
1
Then they will take him
The word “they” refers to the elders and “him” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
715
JOS
20
4
k969
וְיָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽם
1
live among them
This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only.
716
JOS
20
5
x945
figs-metonymy
גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙
1
avenge the blood of the person who was killed
Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
718
JOS
20
6
c6fe
עָמְד֞וֹ לִפְנֵ֤י הָֽעֵדָה֙
1
stood before the assembly
This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens.
719
JOS
20
7
lyr5
translate-names
0
General Information:
There are a lot of names in this section. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
Here “by the hand” is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: “would not be killed by the one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
722
JOS
20
9
j61z
figs-metonymy
גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם
1
avenge the blood that was shed
This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
723
JOS
21
intro
pp5c
0
# Joshua 21 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
724
JOS
21
1
js4y
translate-names
אֶלְעָזָר֙…נ֑וּן
1
Eleazar…Nun
These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
860
JOS
24
intro
yqa8
0
# Joshua 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s instructions<br>In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua’s instructions.<br>
Joshua’s summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. Alternate translation: “Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
862
JOS
24
1
c7pt
וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י
1
presented themselves before
“came and stood in front of” or “came before”
863
JOS
24
2
tn5x
מֵֽעוֹלָ֔םמֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם
1
long ago
“many years ago”
864
JOS
24
2
y8s6
כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר
1
This is what
Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13.
865
JOS
24
2
uke1
translate-names
תֶּ֛רַח…נָח֑וֹר
1
Terah…Nahor
These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
866
JOS
24
3
h2vy
0
General Information:
Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOL 1 2 t74n figs-rquestion הֶהָ֤יְתָה זֹּאת֙ בִּֽימֵיכֶ֔ם וְאִ֖ם בִּימֵ֥י אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם 1 Has anything like this happened in your days or in the days of your ancestors? Joel is preparing the elders to listen to what he has to say. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nothing like this has ever happened before either to you or to your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOL 1 3 vge5 figs-ellipsis וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם לְד֥וֹר אַחֵֽר 1 their children the next generation You may need to fill in the words that have been left out. Alternate translation: “let their children tell the generation after them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOL 1 4 m68u translate-unknown עַל־אַרְצִ֔י 1 the swarming locust large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JOL 1 4 m68u translate-unknown הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה 1 the swarming locust large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JOL 1 4 ny2z הַגָּזָם֙…הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה…הַיָּ֑לֶק…הֶחָסִֽיל 1 swarming locust…great locust…grasshopper…caterpillar These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language.
JOL 1 5 zk2a 0 General Information: God warns the people of Israel about the coming locust army.
JOL 1 5 l1nq figs-parallelism שִׁכּוֹרִים֙ וּבְכ֔וּ וְהֵילִ֖לוּ כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי יָ֑יִן 1 you drunkards, and weep! Wail, all you drinkers of wine If your language has only one word for “weep” and “wail,” you can combine the lines: “you people who love wine should cry out in sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOL 1 6 qm8j figs-metaphor גוֹי֙ 1 a nation The locust swarm is like an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 1 6 jn1q שִׁנָּיו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י 1 His teeth…he has the teeth The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as “it,” or to the locusts as “they,” or to the invader as one person.
JOL 1 6 mpz6 figs-parallelism שִׁנָּיו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וּֽמְתַלְּע֥וֹת לָבִ֖יא לֽוֹ 1 His teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the teeth of a lioness. These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts’ teeth being as sharp as lions’ teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 1 6 aj1z אַרְצִ֔י 1 my land Yahweh’s land
JOL 1 6 aj1z אַרְצִ֔י 1 my land Yahweh’s land
JOL 1 7 sxr3 שָׂ֤ם…חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָהּ֙ 1 He has made…He has stripped The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as “it,” or to the locusts as “they,” or to the invader as one person.
JOL 1 7 hi96 גַּפְנִי֙…וּתְאֵנָתִ֖י 1 my vineyard…my fig tree Yahweh’s vineyard and fig tree
JOL 1 7 k8l9 לְשַׁמָּ֔ה 1 desolate empty and without life
1
Book
Chapter
Verse
ID
SupportReference
OrigQuote
Occurrence
GLQuote
OccurrenceNote
7
JOL
1
1
m5wr
translate-names
פְּתוּאֵֽל
1
Pethuel
Joel’s father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
Has anything like this happened in your days or in the days of your ancestors?
Joel is preparing the elders to listen to what he has to say. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nothing like this has ever happened before either to you or to your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9
JOL
1
3
vge5
figs-ellipsis
וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם לְד֥וֹר אַחֵֽר
1
their children the next generation
You may need to fill in the words that have been left out. Alternate translation: “let their children tell the generation after them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
10
JOL
1
4
m68u
translate-unknown
עַל־אַרְצִ֔יהָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה
1
the swarming locust
large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language.
12
JOL
1
5
zk2a
0
General Information:
God warns the people of Israel about the coming locust army.
you drunkards, and weep! Wail, all you drinkers of wine
If your language has only one word for “weep” and “wail,” you can combine the lines: “you people who love wine should cry out in sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
14
JOL
1
6
qm8j
figs-metaphor
גוֹי֙
1
a nation
The locust swarm is like an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15
JOL
1
6
jn1q
שִׁנָּיו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י
1
His teeth…he has the teeth
The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as “it,” or to the locusts as “they,” or to the invader as one person.
His teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the teeth of a lioness.
These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts’ teeth being as sharp as lions’ teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17
JOL
1
6
aj1z
אַרְצִ֔יאַרְצִ֔י
1
my land
Yahweh’s land
18
JOL
1
7
sxr3
שָׂ֤ם…חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָהּ֙
1
He has made…He has stripped
The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as “it,” or to the locusts as “they,” or to the invader as one person.
See in Reader
Larry Sallee
Gogs