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Merge pjoakes-tc-create-1 into master by pjoakes (#3927) 

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@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
2:11 j032 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְבָר֑⁠וֹ 1 Joel is using the term **word** to mean Yahweh’s orders, by association with the way people use words to give orders or instructions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his commands”
2:11 u9v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כִּֽי גָד֧וֹל יוֹם יְהוָ֛ה וְ⁠נוֹרָ֥א מְאֹ֖ד וּ⁠מִ֥י יְכִילֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Joel is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “For the day of Yahweh is great and very fearful, and very few will endure it!”
2:11 j033 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יוֹם יְהוָ֛ה 1 See how you translated the same expression in [1:15](../01/15.md).
2:12 p9q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וְ⁠גַם עַתָּה֙ נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה שֻׁ֥בוּ עָדַ֖⁠י 1 The phrase **the declaration of Yahweh** indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares, ‘Yet even now, return to me”
2:12 p9q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וְ⁠גַם עַתָּה֙ נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה שֻׁ֥בוּ עָדַ֖⁠י 1 The phrase **the declaration of Yahweh** indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares, “Yet even now, return to me”
2:12 u3v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular שֻׁ֥בוּ 1 The imperative **return** is plural here because Yahweh is addressing the people of Judah. For the same reason, the imperatives and the word “your” are plural in verses 13–16, in which Joel is speaking. So use plural forms in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
2:12 c0yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֻׁ֥בוּ עָדַ֖⁠י בְּ⁠כָל לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here, Yahweh is speaking of people repenting of their sin as a **return** to him, and he is speaking of their **heart** to represent their thoughts and motives. You may have a similar way to talk about these things, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “sincerely repent of disobeying me in your thoughts and motives” or “come back to me in genuine and complete repentance”
2:12 x9y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **heart**. Alternate translation: “your hearts”
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
2:18 g5h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠אַרְצ֑⁠וֹ 1 Joel is using the term **land** by association to mean the people living on the land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for his people”
2:19 nu7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture וַ⁠יַּ֨עַן יְהוָ֜ה וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר 1 Joel continues using the past tense here to describe something that is going to happen in the future, after the people repent. Alternatively, the people already repented and so Joel tells Yahweh’s response here. If you chose to use the future tense in verse 18, then you should also do so here. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh will answer and say”
2:19 a1b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys וַ⁠יַּ֨עַן יְהוָ֜ה וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **answered** tells for what purpose Yahweh **said** this. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh replied”
2:19 g6h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations הִנְ⁠נִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ לָ⁠כֶם֙ אֶת הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר 1 This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘Behold me, sending to you grain and new wine and oil”
2:19 g6h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations הִנְ⁠נִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ לָ⁠כֶם֙ אֶת הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר 1 This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “saying, “Behold me, sending to you grain and new wine and oil”
2:19 j6r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הִנְ⁠נִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ 1 The expression **Behold me** doing something means “I am going to do” what is described. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “I am going to send”
2:19 l3m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֹת֑⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is using the pronoun **it** to refer to what he will send to the Israelites. But since he lists **grain**, **wine**, and **oil**, it may be more natural in your language to use a plural pronoun. Alternate translation: “of them”
2:19 b5c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠לֹא אֶתֵּ֨ן אֶתְ⁠כֶ֥ם ע֛וֹד חֶרְפָּ֖ה בַּ⁠גּוֹיִֽם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **reproach**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and I will no longer make the nations reproach you”
@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
2:23 j043 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מוֹרֶ֥ה וּ⁠מַלְק֖וֹשׁ 1 Joel is speaking from the perspective of his own culture and location. By **early rain** he means the fall rains, and by **late rain** he means the spring rains. You could say that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the fall rains and the spring rains”
2:23 j044 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּ⁠רִאשֽׁוֹן 1 Joel is speaking from the perspective of his own culture. By **in the first**, he could mean either (1) Alternate translation: “as at first” or “as before” or (2) Alternate translation: “in the first month of the year”
2:24 t9u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וְ⁠הֵשִׁ֥יקוּ הַ⁠יְקָבִ֖ים תִּיר֥וֹשׁ וְ⁠יִצְהָֽר 1 Joel is making an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “and the vats will be very full of new wine and oil”
2:25 ays1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations וְ⁠שִׁלַּמְתִּ֤י לָ⁠כֶם֙ אֶת הַ⁠שָּׁנִ֔ים 1 This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh said, ‘And I will restore to you the years”
2:25 ays1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וְ⁠שִׁלַּמְתִּ֤י לָ⁠כֶם֙ אֶת הַ⁠שָּׁנִ֔ים 1 This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh said, “And I will restore to you the years”
2:25 n4p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת הַ⁠שָּׁנִ֔ים 1 Yahweh is using the term **years** by association to mean the crops produced in those years. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the crops”
2:25 q7r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חֵילִ⁠י֙ הַ⁠גָּד֔וֹל 1 Yahweh is speaking of the locust swarm as if it were literally his **army**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the great swarm”
2:26 d3e7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אָכוֹל֙ 1 Yahweh is repeating the verb “eat” in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “And you will eat abundantly”
@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
2:32 l7m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יְהוָ֖ה וּ⁠בַ֨⁠שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and there will be escape among the survivors whom Yahweh is calling”
2:32 b7c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “whom I am calling”
3:intro jcn7 0 # Joel 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Yahweh declares that he will judge the nations\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than its usual text because it is poetry.\n\n## Textual Issues in This Chapter\n\nIn 3:1, Jewish scribes instructed synagogue readers to say “restore the fortunes” when they got to the phrase in this verse that the ULT translates as “return the captivity.” That suggests that the original reading may have been “restore the fortunes.” Some modern versions follow that reading. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.\n\nIn 3:21, the traditional Hebrew text reads “I will acquit their blood … I have not acquitted.” The ULT follows that reading. Some ancient versions suggest that the original reading may have been “I will avenge their blood … I have not avenged.” Some modern versions follow that reading. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
3:1 k4m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה בַּ⁠יָּמִ֥ים הָ⁠הֵ֖מָּה וּ⁠בָ⁠עֵ֣ת הַ⁠הִ֑יא 1 This verse continues a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of continuing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh also said, ‘For behold, in those days and at that time”
3:1 k4m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה בַּ⁠יָּמִ֥ים הָ⁠הֵ֖מָּה וּ⁠בָ⁠עֵ֣ת הַ⁠הִ֑יא 1 This verse continues a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of continuing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh also said, “For behold, in those days and at that time”
3:1 y5z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **behold** to focus his listeners’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Now look” or “Now listen”
3:1 c8d4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בַּ⁠יָּמִ֥ים הָ⁠הֵ֖מָּה וּ⁠בָ⁠עֵ֣ת הַ⁠הִ֑יא 1 The expressions **in those days** and **at that time** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two expressions together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “when that wonderful time comes”
3:1 k9l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **captivity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when I bring back the captives of Judah and Jerusalem”
@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
3:8 l3m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ⁠מָכַרְתִּ֞י אֶת בְּנֵי⁠כֶ֣ם וְ⁠אֶת בְּנֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֗ם בְּ⁠יַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 Yahweh is using one part of a person, the **hand**, to represent the whole person in the act of taking possession of something. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this meaning with more general terms. Alternate translation: “For I will sell your sons and your daughters to the sons of Judah”
3:8 khzm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 Here the word **sons** does not mean literal first-generation offspring but “descendants.” The phrase **the sons of Judah** refers to the Judeans. Alternate translation: “the Judeans”
3:8 g8h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לִ⁠שְׁבָאיִ֖ם 1 The word **Sabeans** is the name of a people group.
3:8 r5s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations אֶל גּ֣וֹי רָח֑וֹק כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר 1 The phrase **For Yahweh has spoken** indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “to a faraway nation,’ says Yahweh”
3:8 r5s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations אֶל גּ֣וֹי רָח֑וֹק כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר 1 The phrase **For Yahweh has spoken** indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “to a faraway nation,” says Yahweh”
3:9 w7x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular קִרְאוּ 1 The imperative **Proclaim** is plural here, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Joel is addressing generally all those who would be in a position to make this proclamation.
3:9 j055 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַדְּשׁ֖וּ מִלְחָמָ֑ה 1 Joel assumes that his listeners will know that by **Consecrate a war** he means to perform the rites with which they would begin a war. You could say that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Perform the rites with which you would begin a war”
3:10 k9m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אִתֵּי⁠כֶם֙ 1 The word **plowshares** describes blades for plows, which are tools used to break up soil for planting. If your readers would not be familiar with what a plowshare is, in your translation you could use the name of a similar thing that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “your plow blades” or “your farming tools”
@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
3:16 n2p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 Joel is speaking as if the **heavens** and the **earth** would literally shake. This could be: (1) a literal description of how the creation will disintegrate at the end of history. See the UST. Or (2) a symbolic description of how powers on earth and in heaven will give way before the power of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yes, powers on earth and in heaven will give way before the power of Yahweh”
3:16 q5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְ⁠עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מָע֖וֹז לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Joel is describing Yahweh as a **shelter** and a **stronghold**. He means that Yahweh will protect his people. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh will protect his people, yes, he will guard the sons of Israel”
3:16 s2t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 See how you translated the term **sons** in [2:23](../02/23.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
3:17 h6pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וִֽ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֗ם 1 This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “He says, ‘then you will know’”
3:17 h6pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וִֽ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֗ם 1 This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “He says, “then you will know”
3:17 r8s2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns הַר קָדְשִׁ֑⁠י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **holiness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “my holy mountain”
3:18 c9d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations וְ⁠הָיָה֩ בַ⁠יּ֨וֹם הַ⁠ה֜וּא 1 Some versions do not treat this verse as part of the direct quotation of Yahweh in 3:17–21. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to follow the quotation boundaries that it has. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the same boundaries as the ULT.
3:18 y7z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בַ⁠יּ֨וֹם הַ⁠ה֜וּא 1 Yahweh is using the term **day** to mean a specific time, by association with the way a day is a specific period of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at that time”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
137 2:11 j032 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְבָר֑⁠וֹ 1 Joel is using the term **word** to mean Yahweh’s orders, by association with the way people use words to give orders or instructions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his commands”
138 2:11 u9v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כִּֽי גָד֧וֹל יוֹם יְהוָ֛ה וְ⁠נוֹרָ֥א מְאֹ֖ד וּ⁠מִ֥י יְכִילֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Joel is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “For the day of Yahweh is great and very fearful, and very few will endure it!”
139 2:11 j033 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יוֹם יְהוָ֛ה 1 See how you translated the same expression in [1:15](../01/15.md).
140 2:12 p9q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וְ⁠גַם עַתָּה֙ נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה שֻׁ֥בוּ עָדַ֖⁠י 1 The phrase **the declaration of Yahweh** indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares, ‘Yet even now, return to me” The phrase **the declaration of Yahweh** indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares, “Yet even now, return to me”
141 2:12 u3v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular שֻׁ֥בוּ 1 The imperative **return** is plural here because Yahweh is addressing the people of Judah. For the same reason, the imperatives and the word “your” are plural in verses 13–16, in which Joel is speaking. So use plural forms in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
142 2:12 c0yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֻׁ֥בוּ עָדַ֖⁠י בְּ⁠כָל לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here, Yahweh is speaking of people repenting of their sin as a **return** to him, and he is speaking of their **heart** to represent their thoughts and motives. You may have a similar way to talk about these things, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “sincerely repent of disobeying me in your thoughts and motives” or “come back to me in genuine and complete repentance”
143 2:12 x9y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **heart**. Alternate translation: “your hearts”
165 2:18 g5h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠אַרְצ֑⁠וֹ 1 Joel is using the term **land** by association to mean the people living on the land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for his people”
166 2:19 nu7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture וַ⁠יַּ֨עַן יְהוָ֜ה וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר 1 Joel continues using the past tense here to describe something that is going to happen in the future, after the people repent. Alternatively, the people already repented and so Joel tells Yahweh’s response here. If you chose to use the future tense in verse 18, then you should also do so here. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh will answer and say”
167 2:19 a1b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys וַ⁠יַּ֨עַן יְהוָ֜ה וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **answered** tells for what purpose Yahweh **said** this. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh replied”
168 2:19 g6h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations הִנְ⁠נִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ לָ⁠כֶם֙ אֶת הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר 1 This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘Behold me, sending to you grain and new wine and oil” This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “saying, “Behold me, sending to you grain and new wine and oil”
169 2:19 j6r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הִנְ⁠נִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ 1 The expression **Behold me** doing something means “I am going to do” what is described. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “I am going to send”
170 2:19 l3m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֹת֑⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is using the pronoun **it** to refer to what he will send to the Israelites. But since he lists **grain**, **wine**, and **oil**, it may be more natural in your language to use a plural pronoun. Alternate translation: “of them”
171 2:19 b5c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠לֹא אֶתֵּ֨ן אֶתְ⁠כֶ֥ם ע֛וֹד חֶרְפָּ֖ה בַּ⁠גּוֹיִֽם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **reproach**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and I will no longer make the nations reproach you”
193 2:23 j043 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מוֹרֶ֥ה וּ⁠מַלְק֖וֹשׁ 1 Joel is speaking from the perspective of his own culture and location. By **early rain** he means the fall rains, and by **late rain** he means the spring rains. You could say that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the fall rains and the spring rains”
194 2:23 j044 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּ⁠רִאשֽׁוֹן 1 Joel is speaking from the perspective of his own culture. By **in the first**, he could mean either (1) Alternate translation: “as at first” or “as before” or (2) Alternate translation: “in the first month of the year”
195 2:24 t9u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וְ⁠הֵשִׁ֥יקוּ הַ⁠יְקָבִ֖ים תִּיר֥וֹשׁ וְ⁠יִצְהָֽר 1 Joel is making an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “and the vats will be very full of new wine and oil”
196 2:25 ays1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וְ⁠שִׁלַּמְתִּ֤י לָ⁠כֶם֙ אֶת הַ⁠שָּׁנִ֔ים 1 This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh said, ‘And I will restore to you the years” This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh said, “And I will restore to you the years”
197 2:25 n4p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת הַ⁠שָּׁנִ֔ים 1 Yahweh is using the term **years** by association to mean the crops produced in those years. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the crops”
198 2:25 q7r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חֵילִ⁠י֙ הַ⁠גָּד֔וֹל 1 Yahweh is speaking of the locust swarm as if it were literally his **army**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the great swarm”
199 2:26 d3e7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אָכוֹל֙ 1 Yahweh is repeating the verb “eat” in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “And you will eat abundantly”
230 2:32 l7m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יְהוָ֖ה וּ⁠בַ֨⁠שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and there will be escape among the survivors whom Yahweh is calling”
231 2:32 b7c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “whom I am calling”
232 3:intro jcn7 0 # Joel 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Yahweh declares that he will judge the nations\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than its usual text because it is poetry.\n\n## Textual Issues in This Chapter\n\nIn 3:1, Jewish scribes instructed synagogue readers to say “restore the fortunes” when they got to the phrase in this verse that the ULT translates as “return the captivity.” That suggests that the original reading may have been “restore the fortunes.” Some modern versions follow that reading. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.\n\nIn 3:21, the traditional Hebrew text reads “I will acquit their blood … I have not acquitted.” The ULT follows that reading. Some ancient versions suggest that the original reading may have been “I will avenge their blood … I have not avenged.” Some modern versions follow that reading. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
233 3:1 k4m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה בַּ⁠יָּמִ֥ים הָ⁠הֵ֖מָּה וּ⁠בָ⁠עֵ֣ת הַ⁠הִ֑יא 1 This verse continues a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of continuing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh also said, ‘For behold, in those days and at that time” This verse continues a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of continuing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh also said, “For behold, in those days and at that time”
234 3:1 y5z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **behold** to focus his listeners’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Now look” or “Now listen”
235 3:1 c8d4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בַּ⁠יָּמִ֥ים הָ⁠הֵ֖מָּה וּ⁠בָ⁠עֵ֣ת הַ⁠הִ֑יא 1 The expressions **in those days** and **at that time** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two expressions together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “when that wonderful time comes”
236 3:1 k9l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **captivity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when I bring back the captives of Judah and Jerusalem”
259 3:8 l3m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ⁠מָכַרְתִּ֞י אֶת בְּנֵי⁠כֶ֣ם וְ⁠אֶת בְּנֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֗ם בְּ⁠יַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 Yahweh is using one part of a person, the **hand**, to represent the whole person in the act of taking possession of something. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this meaning with more general terms. Alternate translation: “For I will sell your sons and your daughters to the sons of Judah”
260 3:8 khzm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 Here the word **sons** does not mean literal first-generation offspring but “descendants.” The phrase **the sons of Judah** refers to the Judeans. Alternate translation: “the Judeans”
261 3:8 g8h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לִ⁠שְׁבָאיִ֖ם 1 The word **Sabeans** is the name of a people group.
262 3:8 r5s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations אֶל גּ֣וֹי רָח֑וֹק כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר 1 The phrase **For Yahweh has spoken** indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “to a faraway nation,’ says Yahweh” The phrase **For Yahweh has spoken** indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “to a faraway nation,” says Yahweh”
263 3:9 w7x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular קִרְאוּ 1 The imperative **Proclaim** is plural here, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Joel is addressing generally all those who would be in a position to make this proclamation.
264 3:9 j055 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַדְּשׁ֖וּ מִלְחָמָ֑ה 1 Joel assumes that his listeners will know that by **Consecrate a war** he means to perform the rites with which they would begin a war. You could say that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Perform the rites with which you would begin a war”
265 3:10 k9m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אִתֵּי⁠כֶם֙ 1 The word **plowshares** describes blades for plows, which are tools used to break up soil for planting. If your readers would not be familiar with what a plowshare is, in your translation you could use the name of a similar thing that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “your plow blades” or “your farming tools”
285 3:16 n2p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 Joel is speaking as if the **heavens** and the **earth** would literally shake. This could be: (1) a literal description of how the creation will disintegrate at the end of history. See the UST. Or (2) a symbolic description of how powers on earth and in heaven will give way before the power of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yes, powers on earth and in heaven will give way before the power of Yahweh”
286 3:16 q5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְ⁠עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מָע֖וֹז לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Joel is describing Yahweh as a **shelter** and a **stronghold**. He means that Yahweh will protect his people. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh will protect his people, yes, he will guard the sons of Israel”
287 3:16 s2t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 See how you translated the term **sons** in [2:23](../02/23.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
288 3:17 h6pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וִֽ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֗ם 1 This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “He says, ‘then you will know’” This verse begins a direct quotation from Yahweh. You may wish to indicate that in your translation, using a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “He says, “then you will know”
289 3:17 r8s2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns הַר קָדְשִׁ֑⁠י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **holiness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “my holy mountain”
290 3:18 c9d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations וְ⁠הָיָה֩ בַ⁠יּ֨וֹם הַ⁠ה֜וּא 1 Some versions do not treat this verse as part of the direct quotation of Yahweh in 3:17–21. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to follow the quotation boundaries that it has. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the same boundaries as the ULT.
291 3:18 y7z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בַ⁠יּ֨וֹם הַ⁠ה֜וּא 1 Yahweh is using the term **day** to mean a specific time, by association with the way a day is a specific period of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at that time”