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@ -2019,66 +2019,140 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
16:33 rvg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַּ֭⁠חֵיק יוּטַ֣ל אֶת־הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֑ל 1 **A lot** was a marked stone that was thrown or rolled on the ground in order to help decide something. People believed that God would guide the **lot** so that it showed them what to do. If your culture has a similar object, you could use the word for that in your language here. Alternate translation: “A marked stone is cast into the lap” or “People throw dice”\n
16:33 ei8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּ֭⁠חֵיק יוּטַ֣ל אֶת־הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person throws a lot into a lap”
16:33 js5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־מִשְׁפָּטֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **judgment** refers to the decision that is made based on the result of casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “its every decision” or “whatever happens with the lot”
17:intro br3v 0 # Proverbs 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
17:1 ecu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to have quiet 0 Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace”
17:1 p2y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis than a house full of feasting with strife 0 The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife”
17:3 fh66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold 0 This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold”
17:3 fi3n crucible 0 a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature
17:3 aq7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh refines hearts 0 This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts”
17:4 bar9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche wicked lips 0 The word **lips** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:4 cj9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom gives ear 0 This idiom means “listens.”
17:4 ef8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche destructive tongue 0 The word **tongue** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:5 a5ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor 0 This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor”
17:5 gs4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns his Maker 0 This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him”
17:5 dj8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at misfortune 0 This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles”
17:6 y71i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor are the crown of 0 This speaks of older peoples’ grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to”
17:6 v99u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the aged 0 This refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people”
17:7 i2ze Eloquent speech 0 Alternate translation: “Fine speech” or “Excellent speech”
17:7 clc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche much less are lying lips suitable for royalty 0 This describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie”
17:8 iq11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom wherever he turns 0 Here “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:9 nk6k an offense 0 an action or word that has hurt him
17:9 r2e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit who repeats a matter 0 This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense”
17:9 s8p6 alienates close friends 0 Alternate translation: “causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other”
17:10 dra2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A rebuke goes deeper into a person … than a hundred blows go into a fool 0 This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person … than a hundred blows have on a fool”
17:10 fs5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a person who has understanding 0 “a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands”
17:10 hy6y a hundred blows go 0 Alternate translation: “a beating of a hundred blows goes”
17:11 rz73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns seeks rebellion 0 The word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel”
17:11 zqf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a cruel messenger will be sent against him 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him”
17:11 suj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will be sent against him 0 To be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him”
17:12 fk5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a bear robbed of her cubs 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs”
17:12 j1ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in his foolishness 0 The word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish”
17:13 p537 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification evil will never leave his house 0 Here “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the man’s house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:14 e1bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhere 0 This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere”
17:14 al2h has broken out 0 Alternate translation: “starts”or “begins”
17:15 z95a acquits 0 justifies, declares someone not guilty
17:16 kk5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.”
17:17 az6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a brother is born for times of trouble 0 One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble”
17:18 f3yd no sense 0 Alternate translation: “no good judgement”
17:18 r6wn binding promises 0 This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them.
17:19 bpz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit causes bones to be broken 0 This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself”
17:20 a3mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who has a crooked heart 0 The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest”
17:20 s659 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy has a perverse tongue 0 The “tongue” represents a person’s speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly”
17:20 qjp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom falls into calamity 0 “falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity”
17:22 b1n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A cheerful heart is good medicine 0 This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better”
17:22 ga2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy A cheerful heart 0 The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful”
17:22 u1vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a broken spirit 0 Here the “spirit” represents a person’s feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression”
17:22 gei3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy dries up the bones 0 A person’s bones represent their physical health and strength. If a person’s bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak”
17:23 r7p6 to pervert the ways of justice 0 Alternate translation: “to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to pervert justice”
17:24 ba2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sets his face toward wisdom 0 This speaks of a person’s focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely”
17:24 r7ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the eyes of a fool are 0 This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is”
17:24 qef2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the ends of the earth 0 This speaks of a fool’s impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things”
17:25 cn74 A foolish son is a grief to his father 0 This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father”
17:25 mw1t A foolish son … and bitterness to the woman 0 This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son … and brings bitterness to the woman”
17:25 t9yj who bore him 0 Alternate translation: “who gave birth to him”
17:25 lm5j bitterness 0 emotional pain, sorrow
17:26 lw6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes it is never good … neither is it good 0 These statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong … and it is evil”
17:26 wfd1 the righteous person 0 Another possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit.
17:26 s7mg flog 0 whip severely
17:26 dj91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns who have integrity 0 The word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest”
17:27 je2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit uses few words 0 This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words”
17:28 b5ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Even a fool is thought to be wise 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise”
17:28 i81a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom keeps his mouth shut 0 This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak”
17:28 q1jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he is considered to be intelligent 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent”
17:intro br3v 0 # Proverbs 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 17 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 16–22 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 17 also contains contrasting parallelism ([17:9](../17/09.md), [22](../17/22.md), [24](../17/24.md)) and parallelism in which both clauses have the same meaning for emphasis ([17:21](../17/21.md), [28](../17/28.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
17:1 b79i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis פַּ֣ת חֲ֭רֵבָה & מִ֝⁠בַּ֗יִת מָלֵ֥א 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. See how you translated the same use of these phrases in [15:16–17](../15/16.md). Alternate translation: “is having a dry morsel … than having a house full of”
17:1 ecu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠שַׁלְוָה 1 Here, **ease** refers to a situation in which someone feels peaceful because there is no **quarreling**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and a peaceful situation”
17:1 p2y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שַׁלְוָה־בָ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to feeling peaceful as if that **ease** were an object that someone could have **with** **a dry morsel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “while feeling ease” or “while feeling peaceful”
17:1 r9a1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ֝⁠בַּ֗יִת מָלֵ֥א 1 Here, Solomon refers to a **house** in which people frequently eat meat from **sacrifices** as if the **house** were **full of sacrifices**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “than a house in which people frequently have”
17:1 qkaw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy זִבְחֵי 1 Here, **sacrifices** refers to feasts in which Israelites would eat the meat from the **sacrifices** they had offered to Yahweh at the temple in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “feasts of”
17:1 tu8o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זִבְחֵי־רִֽיב 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a feasts that are characterized by **quarreling**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “feasts characterized by quarreling”
17:2 d2td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֶֽבֶד & בְּ⁠בֵ֣ן & יַחֲלֹ֥ק 1 **A servant**, **a son**, and **he** refer to types of people in general, not to a specific **servant** or **son**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any servant … any son … that person will share”
17:2 buwy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מַשְׂכִּ֗יל 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
17:2 yc3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠בֵ֣ן & אַ֝חִ֗ים 1 Here, Solomon implies that **a son** and **brothers** refer to the children of the master who owns the **servant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his master’s son … the brothers of his master’s son”
17:2 gcvs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בְ⁠ת֥וֹךְ אַ֝חִ֗ים 1 Here, Solomon refers to the **servant** having equal status with these **brothers** as if he were **in the midst** of them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and as an equal of the son’s brothers”
17:2 voso rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נַחֲלָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **inheritance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what people inherit”
17:3 etyr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מַצְרֵ֣ף לַ֭⁠כֶּסֶף וְ⁠כ֣וּר לַ⁠זָּהָ֑ב 1 **The smelting-pot**, **the silver**, **the furnace**, and **the gold** represents these things in general, not any specific things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any smelting-pot is for silver and any furnace is for gold”
17:3 fi3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַצְרֵ֣ף 1 A **smelting-pot** is a container in which metals are melted at a very high temperature so that impurities may be discovered and removed from the metal. Since the second clause mentions **tests**, most likely Solomon is referring to using the pot to discover impurities. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of container, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “The pot used for testing and refining metal”
17:3 xoku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַצְרֵ֣ף לַ֭⁠כֶּסֶף וְ⁠כ֣וּר לַ⁠זָּהָ֑ב 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that the **smelting-pot** and **furnace** are used to refine and test the purity of **silver** and **gold**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The smelting-pot is for testing and refining the silver and the furnace is for testing and refining the gold”
17:3 aq7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וּ⁠בֹחֵ֖ן לִבּ֣וֹת יְהוָֽה 1 Solomon uses **and** here to indicate that he is making a comparison between the first clause and the second clause. How **Yahweh tests hearts** is similar to how **The smelting-pot** and **furnace** are used to test **silver** and **gold** to see how pure they are. If this connection is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Alternate translation: “likewise Yahweh tests hearts”
17:3 hgq0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בֹחֵ֖ן לִבּ֣וֹת יְהוָֽה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh evaluating what people think as if their **hearts** were metal that he was testing to discover impurities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh evaluates peoples’ hearts”
17:3 mnly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִבּ֣וֹת 1 See how you translated the same use of “heart” in [2:2](../02/02.md).
17:4 tztu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֵ֭רַע & שְׂפַת־אָ֑וֶן שֶׁ֥קֶר & לְשׁ֥וֹן הַוֺּֽת 1 **The evildoer**, **the lips of iniquity**, **a liar**, and **a tongue of destruction** represent types of people and things in general, not specific people or things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any evildoer … any lips of iniquity; any liar … any tongues of destruction”
17:4 c409 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׂפַת־אָ֑וֶן 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **lips** that are characterized by **iniquity**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “iniquitous lips”
17:4 bar9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׂפַת 1 See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [16:13](../16/13.md).
17:4 cj9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֵ֝זִין 1 The phrase **give ear** refers to listening carefully to what someone is saying as if the listener were giving his **ear** to the person speaking. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a similar expression from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “listen carefully”\n
17:4 hi1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְשׁ֥וֹן הַוֺּֽת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **a tongue** that are characterized by **destruction**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a destructive tongue”
17:4 d93h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְשׁ֥וֹן 1 See how you translated the same use of **tongue** in [6:17](../06/17.md).
17:5 a5ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֹעֵ֣ג לָ֭⁠רָשׁ חֵרֵ֣ף עֹשֵׂ֑⁠הוּ שָׂמֵ֥חַ לְ֝⁠אֵ֗יד 1 **A mocker**, **one who is poor**, **his**, and **one glad at calamity** represents types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any mocker of any poor person taunts that person’s maker; any person glad at calamity”
17:5 gbgn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֵרֵ֣ף עֹשֵׂ֑⁠הוּ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [14:31](../14/31.md).
17:5 gs4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ֝⁠אֵ֗יד 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **calamity** in [1:26](../01/26.md).
17:5 dj8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶֽה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:29](../06/29.md).
17:6 y71i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֣רֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks honor as if it were a **crown** upon the heads of **old ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See how you translated a similar use of **crown** in [4:9](../04/09.md). Alternate translation: “The honor of”\n
17:6 exvc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֲטֶ֣רֶת זְ֭קֵנִים בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֑ים 1 **The crown of old ones** could refer to: (1) the honor or pride that **old ones** feel for their **sons of sons**. Alternate translation: “The honor that old ones feel is for their sons of sons” (2) the honor that **old ones** receive from others because they have **sons of sons**. Alternate translation: “Old ones are honored because of their sons of sons” or “Sons of sons cause others to honor old ones”
17:6 v99u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֑ים & בָּנִ֣ים אֲבוֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 Although **sons** and **fathers** are masculine, here Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “are children of children … children is their parents”
17:6 fag8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠תִפְאֶ֖רֶת בָּנִ֣ים אֲבוֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 Since the word translated as **splendor** is parallel to **crown** in the previous clause, here **the splendor of sons** refers to the honor or pride that **sons** feel for **their fathers**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the honor that sons feel is for their fathers”
17:7 i2ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ⁠נָבָ֣ל שְׂפַת־יֶ֑תֶר & לְ⁠נָדִ֥יב שְׂפַת־שָֽׁקֶר 1 **A lip of excess**, **a worthless one**, **a lip of falsehood**, and **a noble** represent these things and people in general, not specific things or people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Lips of excess … for worthless ones … lips of falsehood for noble ones”
17:7 n7sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׂפַת־יֶ֑תֶר 1 The phrase **lips of excess** refers to excellent or eloquent speech that people say by moving their lips. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Fine speech” or “Speaking excellently”\n
17:7 clc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׂפַת־שָֽׁקֶר 1 See how you translated the same use of “lips of falsehood” in [10:18](../10/18.md).
17:8 n8xm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶֽבֶן־חֵ֣ן 1 **A stone of favor** refers to an object that someone thinks is magical and will make **its owner** successful. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A lucky rabbit’s foot” or “A charm”
17:8 vlmn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֣י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:4](../03/04.md).
17:8 vjxj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יַשְׂכִּֽיל 1 Here, **he succeeds** refers to what the **owner** of a **bribe** thinks would happen as a result of giving people bribes. It does not refer to something that is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he thinks that he succeeds”
17:8 iq11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֖ר יִפְנֶ֣ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to the everything the a person does as if it were **all** the places **where he turns**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does”
17:8 lafc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כָּל 1 Solomon is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean **all** places. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all places” or “every place”
17:9 ezkz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מְֽכַסֶּה־פֶּ֭שַׁע & וְ⁠שֹׁנֶ֥ה בְ֝⁠דָבָ֗ר & אַלּֽוּף 1 **One who covers**, **a transgression**, **one who repeats**, **a matter**, and **a close friend** represent these things and people in general, not specific things or people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who covers any transgression … but any person who repeats any matter … close friends”
17:9 nk6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְֽכַסֶּה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of forgiving someone for a **transgression** as if it were an object that someone **covers**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “One who forgives”\n
17:9 pdeb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פֶּ֭שַׁע & אַהֲבָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **transgression** in [10:19](../10/19.md) and **love** in [10:12](../10/12.md).
17:9 jnt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ 1 See how you translated the same use of **seeks** in [11:27](../11/27.md).\n
17:9 r2e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠שֹׁנֶ֥ה בְ֝⁠דָבָ֗ר 1 The phrase **one who repeats a matter** refers to someone who repeatedly speaks about a past situation in which that person or a friend was hurt or offended. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but one who repeatedly mentions a past offense”
17:9 s8p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מַפְרִ֥יד אַלּֽוּף 1 See how you translated this phrase in [16:28](../16/28.md).
17:10 t08m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun גְּעָרָ֣ה בְ⁠מֵבִ֑ין & כְּסִ֣יל 1 Here, **a rebuke**, **an understanding one**, and **a stupid one** represent this thing and these types of people in general, not one particular **rebuke** or person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. See how you translated **a stupid one** in [10:18](../10/18.md). Alternate translation: “Any rebuke … into any understanding person … any stupid person”
17:10 fs5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns גְּעָרָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
17:10 dra2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֵּ֣חַת & בְ⁠מֵבִ֑ין 1 Here, Solomon refers to **an understanding one** learning from a **rebuke** as if it were an object that **goes down into** that person’s mind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “teaches an understanding one”
17:10 hy6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מֵ⁠הַכּ֖וֹת כְּסִ֣יל מֵאָֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “more than striking a stupid one a hundred times goes down into that stupid one” or “more than striking a stupid one a hundred times teaches that stupid one”
17:11 xm34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֑ע וּ⁠מַלְאָ֥ךְ אַ֝כְזָרִ֗י & בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 **An evil one**, **a cruel messenger**, and **him** represent types of people in general, not one particular **evil one** or **messenger**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any evil person … and any cruel messenger … against that person”
17:11 ksen rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַךְ־מְרִ֥י יְבַקֶּשׁ 1 See how you translated the same use of **seeks** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
17:11 rz73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְרִ֥י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **rebellion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being rebellious”
17:11 nxzz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וּ⁠מַלְאָ֥ךְ אַ֝כְזָרִ֗י 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of an **evil one** rebelling. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “As a result, a cruel messenger”\n
17:11 zqf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מַלְאָ֥ךְ אַ֝כְזָרִ֗י יְשֻׁלַּח 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and someone will send a cruel messenger”
17:11 suj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְשֻׁלַּח־בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **against him** implies that the **messenger** will punish the **evil one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be sent to punish him”
17:12 pzb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis פָּג֬וֹשׁ דֹּ֣ב שַׁכּ֣וּל בְּ⁠אִ֑ישׁ וְ⁠אַל־כְּ֝סִ֗יל בְּ⁠אִוַּלְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words to the second clause from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Let a female bear robbed of offspring meet a man and not a stupid one in his folly meet a man”
17:12 hbnr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פָּג֬וֹשׁ דֹּ֣ב שַׁכּ֣וּל בְּ⁠אִ֑ישׁ וְ⁠אַל־כְּ֝סִ֗יל בְּ⁠אִוַּלְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 In this verse, Solomon implies that meeting **a female bear robbed of offspring** is better than meeting **a stupid one in his folly**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “A female bear robbed of offspring meeting a man is better than meeting a stupid one in his folly”
17:12 pknt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun דֹּ֣ב & בְּ⁠אִ֑ישׁ & כְּ֝סִ֗יל בְּ⁠אִוַּלְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **a female bear**, **a man**, **a stupid one**, and **his** represent bears and types of people in general, not one particular **bear** or people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any female bear … any person … any stupid person in that person’s folly”
17:12 fk5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive דֹּ֣ב שַׁכּ֣וּל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a female bear that someone has stolen offspring from”
17:12 p2k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דֹּ֣ב 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that **a female bear robbed of offspring** would be extremely angry and violent. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “an angry female bear”
17:12 u55w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שַׁכּ֣וּל 1 Although the word **offspring** is singular in form, but here it refers to all a bear’s cubs as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “robbed of cubs”
17:12 j1ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠אִוַּלְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
17:13 gv9o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure מֵשִׁ֣יב רָ֭עָה תַּ֣חַת טוֹבָ֑ה לֹא־תָמ֥וּשׁ רָ֝עָ֗ה מִ⁠בֵּיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “Evil will not depart from the house of one who returns evil for good”
17:13 cnro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֵשִׁ֣יב & מִ⁠בֵּיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 **One who returns** and **his** represent a type of person in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who returns … that person’s house”
17:13 dztm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֭עָה & טוֹבָ֑ה & רָ֝עָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md) and **good** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
17:13 p537 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לֹא־תָמ֥וּשׁ רָ֝עָ֗ה מִ⁠בֵּיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **evil** affecting someone’s family as if it were a person who would not leave the person’s **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “evil will not stop affecting his house”
17:13 uqlu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠בֵּיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the same use of **house** in [3:33](../03/33.md).
17:14 ce2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מָד֑וֹן & הָ⁠רִ֥יב 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **quarrel** and **dispute** in [15:18](../15/18.md).
17:14 e1bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פּ֣וֹטֵֽר מַ֭יִם 1 Here, Solomon refers to how difficult it is to stop a **quarrel** after it starts as if it were **water** that started to leak out of a container or dam. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “is difficult to stop” or “is as difficult to stop as water leaking from a container”
17:14 d5wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָ⁠רִ֥יב נְטֽוֹשׁ 1 Here, Solomon refers to stopping a **dispute** before it begins as if it were a place that someone can **leave**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “end the dispute”
17:14 al2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִ֝תְגַּלַּ֗ע 1 Here, Solomon refers to a **quarrel** starting as if it were water that suddenly **breaks out** of a container or dam. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “suddenly begins”
17:15 hpuk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מַצְדִּ֣יק רָ֭שָׁע וּ⁠מַרְשִׁ֣יעַ צַדִּ֑יק & גַּם־שְׁנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 **One who declares**, **a wicked one**, **a righteous one**, and **the two of them** represent types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who declares any wicked person righteous and any person who declares any righteous person wicked, even both types of people”
17:15 z95a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מַצְדִּ֣יק רָ֭שָׁע וּ⁠מַרְשִׁ֣יעַ צַדִּ֑יק 1 In this verse, **wicked** refers to being guilty of doing something **wicked** and **righteous** refers to being innocent of doing something **wicked**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “One who declares a guilty one innocent and one who declares an innocent one to be guilty”
17:15 uowc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה 1 See how you translated **an abomination to Yahweh** in [3:32](../03/32.md).
17:16 kk5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לָ⁠מָּה־זֶּ֣ה מְחִ֣יר בְּ⁠יַד־כְּסִ֑יל לִ⁠קְנ֖וֹת חָכְמָ֣ה וְ⁠לֶב־אָֽיִן 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize how nonsensical it is for a **stupid** person to try to buy **wisdom**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is ridiculous that a payment is in the hand of a stupid one to acquire wisdom but there is no heart!”
17:16 xh06 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מְחִ֣יר בְּ⁠יַד־כְּסִ֑יל 1 Here, **a payment**, **the hand**, and **a stupid one** represent these things and people in general, not specific things or people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “payments are in the hands of stupid people”
17:16 ig70 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מְחִ֣יר בְּ⁠יַד־כְּסִ֑יל 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a stupid one** trying to buy **wisdom** as if he were holding in his **hand** the money with which to buy it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a stupid one tries to pay money”
17:16 t90h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
17:16 j69w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֶב־אָֽיִן 1 Here, Solomon uses **heart** to refer to a person’s ability to think. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase “lacking of heart” in [6:32](../06/32.md). Alternate translation: “but he has no ability to think”\n
17:17 axcg בְּ⁠כָל־עֵ֭ת 1 Alternate translation: “At all times” or “All the time”
17:17 wjk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הָ⁠רֵ֑עַ 1 Here, **the friend** refers to people in general, not a specific **friend**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any friend”
17:17 gqew rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אֹהֵ֣ב 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “loves his friends”
17:17 faqw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠אָ֥ח 1 Although the term **brother** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “and a relative”
17:17 az6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ֝⁠צָרָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon indicates that one purposes for which **a brother is born** is to help his siblings when they are in **distress**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of helping during a time of distress”
17:17 jk5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ֝⁠צָרָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **distress** in [1:27](../01/27.md).
17:18 f3yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָדָ֣ם & תּוֹקֵ֣עַ כָּ֑ף & עֲ֝רֻבָּ֗ה & רֵעֵֽ⁠הוּ 1 **A man**, **one who clasps**, **a palm**, **a pledge**, and **his** refer to types of people and things in general, not specific people or things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person is a person who clasps palms … any pledge … that person’s neighbor”
17:18 r6wn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲסַר־לֵ֭ב 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [7:7](../07/07.md).
17:18 gdc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תּוֹקֵ֣עַ כָּ֑ף 1 See how you translated the same idiom in [6:1](../06/01.md).
17:18 e1yu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י 1 This could refer to: (1) being in the presence of **his neighbor**, as in [14:19](../14/19.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of” (2) doing something on the behalf of **his neighbor**. Alternate translation: “on behalf of”\n
17:19 v7lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֹ֣הֵֽב & מַגְבִּ֥יהַּ פִּ֝תְח֗⁠וֹ 1 **One who loves**, **one who makes his doorway high**, and **his** refer to types of people and things in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who loves … any person who makes that person’s opening high”
17:19 z5yf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פֶּ֭שַׁע & מַצָּ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **transgression** in [10:19](../10/19.md) and **contention** in [13:10](../13/10.md).
17:19 c1d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַגְבִּ֥יהַּ פִּ֝תְח֗⁠וֹ 1 This phrase could refer to: (1) someone who speaks proudly, as if his mouth were an **opening** located at a **high** place above others. Alternate translation: “one who speaks proudly” (2) someone who makes a fancy doorway for his house, as if he put the doorway at a **high** place. Alternate translation: “one who makes his doorway fancy”
17:19 bpz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְבַקֶּשׁ־שָֽׁבֶר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person doing something that will cause that person to be destroyed as if that person **seeks** for someone to break his bones. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes himself to be destroyed” or “causes his own ruin”
17:20 p4sc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עִקֶּשׁ־לֵ֭ב & וְ⁠נֶהְפָּ֥ךְ בִּ֝⁠לְשׁוֹנ֗⁠וֹ 1 **One crooked of heart**, **one who is turned away**, and **his** refer to types of people and things in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person crooked of heart … and any person who is turned away”
17:20 a3mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עִקֶּשׁ־לֵ֭ב 1 See how you translated **crooked of heart** in [11:20](../11/20.md).
17:20 opgi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א יִמְצָא־ט֑וֹב 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone experiencing **goodness** as if **goodness** were an object that a person can **find** by searching for it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not experience goodness”\n
17:20 grav rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ט֑וֹב & בְּ⁠רָעָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **goodness** in [13:21](../13/21.md) and **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
17:20 s659 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נֶהְפָּ֥ךְ בִּ֝⁠לְשׁוֹנ֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person who speaks deceitfully as if that person **is turned away in his tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and one who speaks perversely” or “and one who speaks wickedly”
17:20 qjp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפּ֥וֹל בְּ⁠רָעָֽה 1 See how you translated “falls into evil” in [13:17](../13/17.md).
17:21 al3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יֹלֵ֣ד כְּ֭סִיל לְ⁠ת֣וּגָה ל֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִ֝שְׂמַ֗ח אֲבִ֣י נָבָֽל 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “One who begets a stupid one, it is for grief for him, yes, the father of a worthless one will not rejoice”\n
17:21 qf34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֹלֵ֣ד כְּ֭סִיל & ל֑⁠וֹ & אֲבִ֣י נָבָֽל 1 **One who begets**, **a stupid one**, **him**, **the father**, and **a worthless one** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. See how you translated **a stupid one** in [10:18](../10/18.md) and **a worthless one** in [17:7](../17/07.md). Alternate translation: “Any person who begets any stupid person … for that person … any father of any worthless one”
17:21 oqe1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְ⁠ת֣וּגָה 1 Here, **it is for** indicates that what follows is the result of begetting **a stupid one**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “results in grief”\n
17:21 ral0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠ת֣וּגָה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **grief** in [10:1](../10/01.md).
17:22 b1n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֣ב שָׂ֭מֵחַ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [15:13](../15/13.md).
17:22 a6ok rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יֵיטִ֣ב גֵּהָ֑ה 1 Here, **make healing good** refers to causing the person with a **joyful heart** to become healthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will make that person healthy”
17:22 u1vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠ר֥וּחַ נְ֝כֵאָ֗ה 1 Here, **a broken spirit** refers to a person feeling sad. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but being depressed”
17:22 gei3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תְּיַבֶּשׁ־גָּֽרֶם 1 Here, Solomon refers to people becoming unhealthy as if their bones dry up. The word **bone** here refers to a person’s whole body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase “decay of bones” in [14:30](../14/30.md). Alternate translation: “causes that person to be unhealthy”\n
17:23 bkxx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שֹׁ֣חַד מֵ֭⁠חֵיק רָשָׁ֣ע יִקָּ֑ח 1 **A wicked one**, **a bribe**, and **the bosom** represent these things and people in general, not specific things or people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any wicked person takes any bribe from any bosom”
17:23 gd0d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֵ֭⁠חֵיק 1 Here, **from the bosom** indicates that **a bribe** is given to someone secretly, as if it were hidden in a person’s clothes near that person’s **bosom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in secret”
17:23 r7p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ֝⁠הַטּ֗וֹת אָרְח֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 Here, Solomon refers to causing judges to make an unjust verdict as if the legal process were **paths** that a person could **bend**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to prevent judges from giving just verdicts”
17:23 gi7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **justice** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
17:24 hied rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **Wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
17:24 jny0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֵבִ֣ין & כְ֝סִ֗יל 1 See how you translated **an understanding one** in [17:10](../17/10.md) and **a stupid one** in [10:18](../10/18.md).
17:24 ba2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, Solomon refers to **an understanding one** always paying attention to **Wisdom** as if **Wisdom** were in front of **the face** of that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is in the mind of” or “is the focus of”
17:24 r7ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠עֵינֵ֥י כְ֝סִ֗יל בִּ⁠קְצֵה־אָֽרֶץ 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a stupid one** being unable to pay attention to anything as if that person’s **eyes** were **at the end of the earth**. If it would be helpful, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but a stupid one’s mind is all over the place” or “but a stupid one is unable to concentrate”
17:25 ieui rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ֭⁠אָבִי⁠ו בֵּ֣ן כְּסִ֑יל & לְ⁠יוֹלַדְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 **A stupid son**, **his**, **her**, and **him** represent types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. See how you translated a **stupid son** in [10:1](../10/01.md). Alternate translation: “Any stupid son … to that persons father … to the person who bore that person”
17:25 cn74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כַּ֣עַס לְ֭⁠אָבִי⁠ו 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a **son** causing his father to feel **grief** as if that **son** himself were that **grief**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes grief for his father” or “causes his father to feel grief”
17:25 mw1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כַּ֣עַס & וּ֝⁠מֶ֗מֶר 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **grief** in [10:1](../10/01.md) and **bitterness** in [14:10](../14/10.md).
17:25 idoy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֝⁠מֶ֗מֶר לְ⁠יוֹלַדְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a **son** causing his mother to feel **bitterness** as if that **son** himself were that **bitterness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and causes bitterness for her who bore him” or “and causes her who bore him to feel bitter”
17:26 vyxn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲנ֣וֹשׁ לַ⁠צַּדִּ֣יק 1 Here, **fine** refers to requiring a **the righteous** to pay money as a penalty for a crime that **the righteous** did not do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to wrongly require the righteous to pay a penalty”
17:26 wfd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj לַ⁠צַּדִּ֣יק 1 Solomon is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun to mean **righteous** people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the righteous ones”\n
17:26 lw6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹא־ט֑וֹב 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “is evil”
17:26 jr2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠הַכּ֖וֹת נְדִיבִ֣ים 1 The parallelism with the previous clause indicates that Solomon is referring to striking **nobles** who did not do anything wrong. Here, **nobles** refers to people who have noble character, not nobility. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to wrongly strike noble people”
17:26 s7mg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns יֹֽשֶׁר 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **uprightness** in [4:11](../04/11.md).
17:27 je2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְ & יוֹדֵ֣עַ & ו⁠קר־ר֝֗וּחַ אִ֣ישׁ תְּבוּנָֽה 1 **One who restrains**, **one who knows knowledge**, **the cool of spirit**, and **a man of understanding** represent types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. See how you translated **One who restrains** in [10:19](../10/19.md) and **a man of understanding** in [10:23](../10/23.md). Alternate translation: “Any person who restrains … is a person who knows … and any person who is cool of spirit is a person of understanding”
17:27 s10i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֲ֭מָרָי⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
17:27 o9r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דָּ֑עַת & תְּבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
17:27 hm6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ו⁠קר־ר֝֗וּחַ 1 Here, **the cool of spirit** is an idiom that refers to someone who controls their emotions. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the coolheaded person” or “and someone who controls his emotions”
17:28 b5ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism גַּ֤ם אֱוִ֣יל מַ֭חֲרִישׁ חָכָ֣ם יֵחָשֵׁ֑ב אֹטֵ֖ם שְׂפָתָ֣י⁠ו נָבֽוֹן 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Even a fool who keeps silent will be considered wise, yes, one who shuts his lips is an understanding one”
17:28 i81a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֱוִ֣יל & אֹטֵ֖ם שְׂפָתָ֣י⁠ו נָבֽוֹן 1 Here, **a fool** and **one who shuts his lips** represent types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. See how you translated **a fool** in [7:22](../07/22.md). Alternate translation: “any fool … any person who shuts that person’s lips is an understanding person”
17:28 a5qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַ֭חֲרִישׁ 1 This phrase refers to someone who refrains from speaking unnecessarily. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who does not speak unnecessarily”
17:28 q1jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵחָשֵׁ֑ב 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will consider to be”
17:28 ps9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֹטֵ֖ם שְׂפָתָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone who refrains from speaking unnecessarily as if that person **shuts his lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one who does not speak unnecessarily”
18:intro k5qz 0 # Proverbs 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
18:1 n34r isolates himself 0 Alternate translation: “keeps away from other people”
18:1 vun3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification quarrels with all sound judgment 0 This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment”
@ -2792,14 +2866,12 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
29:9 kn5t rages 0 This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word.
29:9 qmv5 there will be no rest 0 Alternate translation: “they will not be able to settle the problem”
29:10 jbu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom seek the life of 0 This idiom means to “want to kill.”
29:12 ui7k pays attention 0 “listens.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 17:4](../17/04.md).
29:12 b9es rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all his officials will be wicked 0 The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked”
29:13 f56w oppressor 0 a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
29:13 psq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both 0 This idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.”
29:14 x486 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his throne 0 The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom”
29:15 ybi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The rod and reproof give wisdom 0 The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely”
29:15 p19z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The rod 0 Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline”
29:15 m43w reproof 0 When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
29:16 th5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns transgression increases 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse”
29:16 ha78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the downfall of those wicked people 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **downfall**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:18 s41b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the one who keeps the law is blessed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law”
@ -2807,18 +2879,13 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
29:20 qfr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion See a man who is hasty in his words? 0 The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.”
29:21 k1j6 who pampers his slave 0 Alternate translation: “who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves”
29:21 qas4 at the end of it 0 Alternate translation: “at the end of the slave’s youth” or “when the slave is grown”
29:21 qs95 there will be trouble 0 These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household.
29:22 s7ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stirs up strife 0 Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strife**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
29:22 ad7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a master of rage 0 This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.”
29:23 z268 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive one who has a humble spirit will be given honor 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit”
29:24 jpz1 hates his own life 0 Alternate translation: “becomes his own enemy”
29:24 ej5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he hears the curse and says nothing 0 This could mean: (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him”
29:25 t7d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The fear of man makes a snare 0 Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap”
29:25 k5l2 a snare 0 a trap that catches animals with ropes
29:25 t3gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him”
29:26 sa3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Many are those who seek the face of the ruler 0 The word “face” is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: “Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them”
29:26 w96b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns from Yahweh is justice for a person 0 It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person”
29:27 c4s9 detestable 0 a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
30:intro aud8 0 # Proverbs 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Agur\n\nHis full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.\n\n### Three things and four\n\nFrom verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
30:1 u8l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Agur … Jakeh … Ithiel … Ucal 0 These are the names of men.
30:1 v8qt Agur son of Jakeh 0 This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild.
@ -2828,12 +2895,10 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
30:2 ij38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I do not have the understanding of a human being 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them”
30:3 ln5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One”
30:4 kw1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? 0 The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.”
30:4 eb1b heaven 0 where God lives
30:4 bz7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands 0 The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands”
30:4 g4i7 the hollow of his hands 0 the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands”
30:4 l4kf gathered up 0 brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted
30:4 rce5 has established all the ends of the earth 0 Alternate translation: “has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth”
30:4 t7g1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is his name, and what is the name of his son? 0 The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. Alternate translation: “Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them.”
30:4 jv39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Surely you know! 0 The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.”
30:5 mna2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is tested 0 Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
30:5 u15z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he is a shield to those who take refuge in him 0 The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them”
@ -2852,7 +2917,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
30:11 z4bb generation 0 type or class or group
30:12 h8cq a generation that is 0 Alternate translation: “a generation of people that are”
30:12 dp6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is pure in their own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure”
30:12 re7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they are not washed of their filth 0 The words “washed” and “filth” speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not forgiven them of their sins” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:12 fyp5 filth 0 This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste.
30:13 ey4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy eyes are raised up … their eyelids lifted up 0 This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people.
30:14 zca7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor There is a generation whose teeth are swords, and their jawbones are like knives, so they may devour the poor … and the needy 0 The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy.
@ -2860,7 +2924,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
30:15 yr92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The leech has two daughters 0 This is an example of something that always wants more. Alternate translation: “Greed has two daughters”
30:15 ik61 leech 0 a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood
30:15 n8v6 0 Another possible meaning is “and they are both named Give Me.” Alternate translation: “Give and give”
30:15 snu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry There are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, “Enough” 0 This use of the numbers “three” and “four” together here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, ‘Enough’”
30:15 xlu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes are never satisfied 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more”
30:16 d8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification land that is never satisfied with water 0 Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink.
30:17 hr1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns scorns obedience to a mother 0 The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2869,18 +2932,13 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
30:17 x3vs ravens 0 large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals
30:17 sxz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he will be eaten by the vultures 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him”
30:17 k8je vultures 0 any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads
30:18 njh2 There are three things that are … four that I do not understand: 0 The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:”
30:19 u9rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the heart of the sea 0 The “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea”
30:20 h26k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism she eats and she wipes her mouth 0 This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30:21 s3e3 Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up 0 The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:”
30:22 xv9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a fool when he is filled with food 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat”
30:23 l8m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a hated woman when she marries 0 That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whom good people have hated when she marries” or “an outcast woman when she marries”
30:23 dwd5 takes the place of her mistress 0 rules the household
30:26 p11p rock badgers 0 an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail
30:28 l4zb lizard 0 a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail
30:29 u31f There are three things that are … four that are stately in how they walk 0 The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are”
30:29 dc44 stately 0 majestic or dignified, like a king
30:31 e3z8 strutting rooster 0 an adult male chicken that walks proudly
30:33 kgm4 churning 0 strongly stirring
30:33 nj7p butter 0 Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
31:intro dd9p 0 # Proverbs 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])\n\n### King Lemuel\n\nThis person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### An acrostic poem\n\nVerse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
@ -2946,3 +3004,4 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
9:3 ugn5 her maids 0
14:2 c17i in his ways despises him The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
25:3 jtp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings”
17:3 fh66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold 0

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