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@ -713,23 +713,22 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
5:33 mteg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠כָל־הַ⁠דֶּ֗רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֜ה יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֛ם אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם תֵּלֵ֑כוּ 1 Here Moses is speaking of commandments as if they were a road and as if obeying commandments was like walking on the road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “All the commandments that Yahweh your God has commanded you, you shall obey”
5:33 sc79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֤עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks the benefits of living a good, long life as the goal or purpose of obeying Yahweh. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “in such a way that”
5:33 gk5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הַאֲרַכְתֶּ֣ם יָמִ֔ים בָּ⁠אָ֖רֶץ 1 The implication is that if the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will **prolong** the **days** when they live **in the land**. Moses is speaking of time as if it were an experience that one could **prolong**. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. See how you translated this concept in [4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “and for many generations you might live in the land" \n\n
6:intro q4y8 0 # Deuteronomy 6 General Notes\n\n## Outline\n- vv. 1-9: The great commandment\n- vv. 6-25: Warnings against disobedience\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s blessings\nYahweh’s continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people’s obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n### The Shema\nVerses 6-9 are known as The Shema in Judaism. They are an important foundation of Judaism. Jesus identifies the Shema as the greatest commandment in [Mark 12:28-29](Mrk/12/28.md).\n\n\n### Writing Yahweh’s Words on One’s Arms, Forehead, and Doorposts\n\n[Verses 8-9](../06/08.md) command the Israelites to always remember Yahweh’s words. There are different understandings of these commands. Some Jewish traditions interpret these verses as meaning that the Israelites should physically write copies of the law. Others believe that the command is to memorize and cherish the law. Translators should be careful to translate the passage as it is, without implying one interpration or the other in their translation.\n\n\n## Other Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nThere are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### Words for the Law\n- statutes\n- ordinances\n- judgments\nMoses uses different words to refer to the law that Yahweh commanded the Israelites. It is unclear what the differences are between these terms. If your language has different terms for the law, you could use them here to differentiate between the different Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])\n\n### Pronouns\n\nMoses is speaking to the Israelites who are alive. The pronoun **you** and **your** are singular here unless otherwise noted. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
6:1 it53 הַ⁠מִּצְוָ֗ה הַֽ⁠חֻקִּים֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים 1 See how you translated these terms for the law in [5:31](../05/31.md).
6:1 h4en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם & אֶתְ⁠כֶ֑ם & אַתֶּ֛ם 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** are plural in this verse. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
6:intro q4y8 0 # Deuteronomy 6 General Notes\n\n## Outline\n- vv. 1-9: The great commandment\n- vv. 6-25: Warnings against disobedience\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s blessings\nYahweh’s continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people’s obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n### The Shema\nVerses 6-9 are known as The Shema in Judaism. They are an important foundation of Judaism. Jesus identifies the Shema as the greatest commandment in [Mark 12:28-29](Mrk/12/28.md).\n\n### Writing Yahweh’s Words on One’s Arms, Forehead, and Doorposts\n\n[Verses 8-9](../06/08.md) command the Israelites to always remember Yahweh’s words. There are different understandings of these commands. Some Jewish traditions interpret these verses as meaning that the Israelites should physically write copies of the law. Others believe that the command is to memorize and cherish the law. Translators should be careful to translate the passage as it is, without implying one interpration or the other in their translation.\n\n## Other Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nThere are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### Words for the Law\n- statutes\n- ordinances\n- judgments\nMoses uses different words to refer to the law that Yahweh commanded the Israelites. It is unclear what the differences are between these terms. If your language has different terms for the law, you could use them here to differentiate between the different Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])\n\n### Pronouns\n\nMoses is speaking to all the Israelites who are alive. The pronoun **you** and **your** are singular here unless otherwise noted. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
6:1 it53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠מִּצְוָ֗ה הַֽ⁠חֻקִּים֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים 1 See how you translated these terms for the law in [5:31](../05/31.md).
6:1 h4en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם & אֶתְ⁠כֶ֑ם & אַתֶּ֛ם 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** are plural in this verse. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
6:1 kdbb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis צִוָּ֛ה 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. The fact that Yahweh commanded Moses is implied by the events which Moses described in the previous chapter. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “has commanded me”
6:1 z6zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בָּ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם עֹבְרִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּ⁠ה לְ⁠רִשְׁתָּֽ⁠הּ 1 The expression **the land which you are going over to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “in the land you are going over to possess”
6:1 ymp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֹבְרִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּ⁠ה 1 The implication is that the Israelites must cross the Jordan River in order to go to the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “are going over to the other side of the Jordan River”
6:2 l6ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֨עַן & וּ⁠לְמַ֖עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks fearing Yahweh, obeying him, and living a long life as the goal or purpose of Moses teaching the Israelites the commandments. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
6:2 fpdo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תִּירָ֜א & אֱלֹהֶ֗י⁠ךָ & מְצַוֶּ⁠ךָ֒ אַתָּה֙ וּ⁠בִנְ⁠ךָ֣ וּ⁠בֶן־בִּנְ⁠ךָ֔ & חַיֶּ֑י⁠ךָ & יָמֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse and in the following verses. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. See chapter introduction for more information.
6:2 uxdk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns אַתָּה֙ וּ⁠בִנְ⁠ךָ֣ וּ⁠בֶן־בִּנְ⁠ךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּ֑י⁠ךָ 1 In this verse, the words **son** and **life** are singular in form, but it refers to all Israelites and their descendants as a group, regardless of gender. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “all of you and your offspring, all the days of your lives”
6:2 i3ku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַאֲרִכֻ֥⁠ן יָמֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 The implication is that, if the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will **prolong** the **days** when they live on the land. Moses is speaking of time as if it was a physical substance that one could **prolong**. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. See how you translated this concept in [4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “you will live in the land for many generations”
6:1 ymp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֹבְרִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּ⁠ה 1 The implication is that the Israelites must cross the Jordan River in order to go to the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “are crossing over the Jordan River”
6:2 l6ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֨עַן & וּ⁠לְמַ֖עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks what follows as the goal or purpose of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
6:2 fpdo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תִּירָ֜א & אֱלֹהֶ֗י⁠ךָ & מְצַוֶּ⁠ךָ֒ אַתָּה֙ וּ⁠בִנְ⁠ךָ֣ וּ⁠בֶן־בִּנְ⁠ךָ֔ & חַיֶּ֑י⁠ךָ & יָמֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. See [chapter introduction](../06/intro.md) for more information on translating **you**.
6:2 uxdk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns אַתָּה֙ וּ⁠בִנְ⁠ךָ֣ וּ⁠בֶן־בִּנְ⁠ךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּ֑י⁠ךָ 1 In this verse, the words **son** and **life** are singular in form, but refer to all Israelites and their descendants as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “all of you and your offspring, all the days of your lives”
6:2 i3ku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַאֲרִכֻ֥⁠ן יָמֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 The implication is that, if the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will live long lives. Yahweh will**prolong** the **days** of their lives. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. See how you translated this concept in [4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “you might have long lives”
6:2 uugi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יַאֲרִכֻ֥⁠ן יָמֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will prolong your days”
6:3 jl47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you וְ⁠שָׁמַעְתָּ֤ & וְ⁠שָׁמַרְתָּ֣ & לְ⁠ךָ֔ & אֲבֹתֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ & לָ֔⁠ךְ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
6:3 ppv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 Here, **Israel** represents the people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Israelites”
6:3 mv7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠שָׁמַעְתָּ֤ & וְ⁠שָׁמַרְתָּ֣ לַ⁠עֲשׂ֔וֹת 1 See the [book introduction](../front/intro.md) for more infromation about translating **shall**. Alternate translation: “And listen … and carefully do”
6:3 hcz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לַ⁠עֲשׂ֔וֹת 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “do them”
6:3 b1v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal אֲשֶׁר֙ & וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר 1 Here, **that** marks a good life and a large nation as the goal or purpose of obeying Yahweh. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
6:3 bqv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּרְבּ֖וּ⁠ן מְאֹ֑ד 1 The implication is that the number of Israelites will **multiply** through births. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “your population will greatly increase”
6:3 b1v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal אֲשֶׁר֙ & וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר 1 Here, **that** marks what comes after as the goal or purpose of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
6:3 bqv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּרְבּ֖וּ⁠ן מְאֹ֑ד 1 The implication is that the number of Israelites will **multiply** by births. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “your population will greatly increase”
6:3 zh48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֹתֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your forefathers”
6:3 xmxv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דִּבֶּ֨ר 1 The implication is that what Yahweh will make sure that what he **spoke* will happen. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “told you he would do”
6:3 t77l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ 1 Here, **a land flowing with milk and honey** is an idiom that means “a very fertile land.” The word **milk* means that much cattle can survive there and produce **milk**. The word **honey** means that crops grow well there, so bees can produce **honey**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in a rich and fertile land” or “in a land good for cattle and crops”\n
@ -742,10 +741,8 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
6:7 o48j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠בָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to your descendants”
6:7 n6gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism בְּ⁠שִׁבְתְּ⁠ךָ֤ בְּ⁠בֵיתֶ֨⁠ךָ֙ וּ⁠בְ⁠לֶכְתְּ⁠ךָ֣ בַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ 1 Here, Moses is referring to every place an Israelite would go in daily life by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wherever you are”
6:7 lh92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism וּֽ⁠בְ⁠שָׁכְבְּ⁠ךָ֖ וּ⁠בְ⁠קוּמֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here, Moses is referring to all activities of daily life by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and whatever you are doing”
6:8-9 hckl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠קְשַׁרְתָּ֥⁠ם לְ⁠א֖וֹת עַל־יָדֶ֑⁠ךָ וְ⁠הָי֥וּ לְ⁠טֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֥ין עֵינֶֽי⁠ךָ & וּ⁠כְתַבְתָּ֛⁠ם עַל־מְזוּזֹ֥ת בֵּיתֶ֖⁠ךָ וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁעָרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 These verses could mean that the law was so important to remember that (1) Moses wanted the Israelites to physically write copies of the law. (2) Moses wanted the Israelites to remember the law, as if the law was written on their **hand**, between their **eyes**, their **doorposts**, and **gates**. Alternate translation: “And you shall know the law so well that it was as if you tied them as a sign on your hand. And it will be as if they are frontlets between your eyes, and as if they were written on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.”
6:8 ionm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠קְשַׁרְתָּ֥⁠ם לְ⁠א֖וֹת עַל־יָדֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 The implication is that Moses wants the Israelites to always have with them a reminder of Yahweh’s laws. The Israelites could write copies of the law small enough to **tie** around their **hand** as a **sign**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And you shall copy the laws and tie them as a sign on your hand to help you remember them”
6:8-9 hckl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠קְשַׁרְתָּ֥⁠ם לְ⁠א֖וֹת עַל־יָדֶ֑⁠ךָ וְ⁠הָי֥וּ לְ⁠טֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֥ין עֵינֶֽי⁠ךָ & וּ⁠כְתַבְתָּ֛⁠ם עַל־מְזוּזֹ֥ת בֵּיתֶ֖⁠ךָ וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁעָרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 The law was so important to remember that Moses wanted the Israelites to remember the law, as if the law were written on their **hand**, between their **eyes**, on their **doorposts**, and on their **gates**. Alternate translation: “And you shall know the law so well that it was as if you tied them as a sign on your hand. And it will be as if they are frontlets between your eyes, and as if they were written on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.”
6:8 s5w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְ⁠טֹטָפֹ֖ת 1 A **frontlet** is a type of decorative accessory, often used as a symbol of commitment, worn around the head. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of headwear, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “as a symbolic headband”
6:8 no30 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בֵּ֥ין עֵינֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 The implication is that Moses wanted the Israelites to have the law on their foreheads. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “on your forehead”
6:9 ksz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁעָרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here the word **gates** refer to city gates. In those days, homes did not have gates, so we know that Moses is referring to city gates. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and on the gates of your city”
6:10 ibu0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וְ⁠הָיָ֞ה כִּ֥י יְבִיאֲ⁠ךָ֣ ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗י⁠ךָ אֶל־הָ⁠אָ֜רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֧ע לַ⁠אֲבֹתֶ֛י⁠ךָ לְ⁠אַבְרָהָ֛ם לְ⁠יִצְחָ֥ק וּֽ⁠לְ⁠יַעֲקֹ֖ב לָ֣⁠תֶת לָ֑⁠ךְ עָרִ֛ים גְּדֹלֹ֥ת וְ⁠טֹבֹ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־בָנִֽיתָ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of the clauses in this verse for clarity. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God swore to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, that he would give to you the land. And it will happen that he will bring you into the land: This land has large and good cities that you did not build”
6:10 gu32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וְ⁠הָיָ֞ה 1 Moses is using the word translated **And it will happen** to introduce a new topic in his speech. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new topic. Alternate translation: “Now, note”
@ -1239,7 +1236,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
11:7 z5cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵֽינֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 Here **eyes** represents the whole person in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you yourselves”
11:7 owqy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אֶת־כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה הַ⁠גָּדֹ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עָשָֽׂה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the phrasing. Alternate translation: “all the great work that Yahweh did”
11:7 pud2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה הַ⁠גָּדֹ֑ל 1 The term **great work** refers to all the miracles and other deeds that Yahweh did using his great power. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the wonders of Yahweh”
11:8 in5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וּ⁠שְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And keep”
11:8 o97u rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֣עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks what comes after it as the goal or purpose of what comes before it. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
11:8 a2nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys תֶּחֶזְק֗וּ וּ⁠בָאתֶם֙ 1 The two words **be strong** and **go in** express a single idea. The word **be strong** tells how they will be able to go in and conquer the land. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “you may be strong enough to go in”
11:8 ppnc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וּ⁠בָאתֶם֙ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “and come in”
@ -1273,12 +1269,10 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
11:17 om98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אַף 1 Here, **nose** represents anger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a body part from your language that is associated with anger or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the anger of”
11:17 x9gt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ⁠עָצַ֤ר אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֣ה מָטָ֔ר וְ⁠הָ֣⁠אֲדָמָ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן אֶת־יְבוּלָ֑⁠הּ וַ⁠אֲבַדְתֶּ֣ם מְהֵרָ֗ה מֵ⁠עַל֙ הָ⁠אָ֣רֶץ הַ⁠טֹּבָ֔ה 1 Moses is describing a chain of events that will happen as the result of disobedience. If there is no rain, then the crops will not grow. If the crops do not grow, then the people will die from starvation. If the connection between these statements is unclear, you may want to use connecting words to show the cause and effect relationships. Alternate translation: “And he will restrain the heavens so there will be no rain, then the land will not give its fruit, then you will perish quickly from off the good land”
11:17 a2a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠עָצַ֤ר אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֣ה מָטָ֔ר 1 The implication is that Yahweh will keep the rain from falling from the sky. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And he will not let rain fall”
11:18-20 wma6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠קְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם אֹתָ֤⁠ם לְ⁠אוֹת֙ עַל־יֶדְ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠הָי֥וּ לְ⁠טוֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֥ין עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם & וּ⁠כְתַבְתָּ֛⁠ם עַל־מְזוּז֥וֹת בֵּיתֶ֖⁠ךָ וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁעָרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 These verses could mean that the law was so important to remember that (1) Moses wanted the Israelites to physically write copies of the law. (2) Moses wanted the Israelites to remember the law, as if the law was written on their hand, between their eyes, their doorposts, and gates. See how you translated this in [6:8-9](../06/08.md).
11:18 bvp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠שַׂמְתֶּם֙ & וּ⁠קְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And place … and bind”
11:18 q8ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שַׂמְתֶּם֙ אֶת־דְּבָרַ֣⁠י אֵ֔לֶּה עַל־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם וְ⁠עַֽל־נַפְשְׁ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Moses is speaking as if **words** were objects and as if a person’s **heart** and **soul** were a container that one could place words into. Moses means that he wants the Israelites to remember and cherish Yahweh’s commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you shall cherish these words of mine in your heart and in your soul”
11:18 c5kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־דְּבָרַ֣⁠י אֵ֔לֶּה 1 Here, **words** represents Yahweh’s commands which Moses is repeating to the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “these commands from Yahweh”
11:18-20 wma6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠קְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם אֹתָ֤⁠ם לְ⁠אוֹת֙ עַל־יֶדְ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠הָי֥וּ לְ⁠טוֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֥ין עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם & וּ⁠כְתַבְתָּ֛⁠ם עַל־מְזוּז֥וֹת בֵּיתֶ֖⁠ךָ וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁעָרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 The law was so important to remember that Moses wanted the Israelites to remember the law, as if the law were on their hand, between their eyes, on their doorposts, and on their gates. See how you translated this in [6:8-9](../06/08.md).
11:18 i4pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם וְ⁠עַֽל־נַפְשְׁ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here, heart and soul could be: (1) terms that both refer to a person’s inner being that are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “on all your inner being” (2) terms that refer to different aspects of a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “on all your being and on all your person”
11:18 gj3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠קְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם אֹתָ֤⁠ם לְ⁠אוֹת֙ עַל־יֶדְ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠הָי֥וּ לְ⁠טוֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֥ין עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 The implication is that Moses wants the Israelites to always have with them a reminder of Yahweh’s laws. The Israelites could write copies of the law small enough to tie around their hand as a sign. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. See how you translated this in [6:8](..06/08.md).
11:18 d4s2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְ⁠טוֹטָפֹ֖ת 1 A **frontlet** is a type of decorative accessory, often used as a symbol of commitment, worn around the head. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of headwear, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “as a symbolic headband”
11:18 xfgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּ֥ין עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Here, the phrase **between your eyes** refers to the forehead. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “above your brow”
11:19 bkgt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־בְּנֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here, **sons** means “children.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to your offspring”
@ -1296,32 +1290,31 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
11:22 xgm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אָנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם לַ⁠עֲשֹׂתָ֑⁠הּ 1 The expression **I am commanding you to do them** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “I am commanding you to do”
11:22 bh45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ⁠לֶ֥כֶת בְּ⁠כָל־דְּרָכָ֖י⁠ו 1 Here, **walk in all his ways** means “obey him.” Moses is speaking of Yahweh if people were physically walking in his footsteps. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to obey him”
11:22 e7rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠לְ⁠דָבְקָה־בֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here Moses is speaking of having a good relationship with Yahweh as if a person were physically clinging to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and with him you shall maintain a good relationship”
11:23 zr2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all these nations from before you, and you will dispossess nations 0 Here “nations” represent the people groups already living in Canaan. Alternate translation: “all of these people groups from before you, and you will take the land from people groups”
11:23 u315 larger and mightier than yourselves 0 Although Israel’s army is smaller and weaker than the people groups living in Canaan, Yahweh will enable the people of Israel to defeat them.
11:24 v5q1 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
11:24 x2pi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Every place where the sole of your foot will tread 0 Here “the sole of your foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Every place you go”
11:24 u891 from the river, the Euphrates River 0 Alternate translation: “from the Euphrates River”
11:25 imb9 No man will be able to stand before you 0 The phrase “stand before you” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop you” or “No one will be able to oppose you”
11:25 zn8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh your God will lay the fear of you and the terror of you upon all the land that you tread on 0 Yahweh causing the people to be very afraid is spoken of as if fear and terror were an object that he will place on the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will cause the people in every place you go to be very afraid of you”
11:25 r396 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the fear of you and the terror of you 0 The words “fear” and “terror” mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of fear. Alternate translation: “a terrible fear of you”
11:25 w58w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy upon all the land that you tread on 0 Here “the land” is a metonym for all the people in the land. Alternate translation: “upon all the people in every place you go” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:26 l2v1 0 # General Information:\n\nHere Moses summarizes the two options the people of Israel could choose. They could choose to obey and receive God’s blessing or they could choose to disobey and receive God’s punishment.
11:26 tc5k Look 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
11:26 d2d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I set before you today a blessing and a curse 0 Allowing the people to choose whether they want God to bless them or curse them is spoken of as if a blessing and a curse were objects that Moses is setting in front of them. Alternate translation: “Today you must choose whether God will bless you or curse you”
11:27 lzg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the blessing, if you obey 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **blessing**, you can express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “God will bless you if you obey”
11:28 ei5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but turn aside from the way that I command you today, to go after other gods 0 The commands of Yahweh that Moses is telling the people are spoken of as if they were God’s way or road. To not obey God’s commands is spoken of as if people physically were to turn in another direction away from Yahweh to follow other gods. Alternate translation: “but stop obeying what I command you today, in order to worship other gods”
11:28 u5cq other gods that you have not known 0 This refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power.
11:29 m6sp 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
11:29 zsz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will set the blessing on Mount Gerizim, and the curse on Mount Ebal 0 The blessing and the curse are spoken of as if they were objects that someone will set on the mountains. Alternate translation: “some of you must stand on top of Mount Gerazim and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to bless you, and the others must stand on top of Mount Ebal and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to curse you”
11:29 t5wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Gerizim … Mount Ebal 0 These are names of mountains on the west side of the Jordan River.
11:30 k2bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are they not beyond the Jordan … Moreh? 0 The Israelites are on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Moses uses a question to remind the people where these mountains are located. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “As you know, they are beyond the Jordan … Moreh.”
11:30 b5qt beyond the Jordan 0 Alternate translation: “on the west side of the Jordan River”
11:30 pgr7 west of the western road 0 Alternate translation: “in the west”
11:30 rq9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names over against Gilgal 0 Alternate translation: “near Gilgal” This may not be the same place as the city near Jericho. Moses may be referring to a place that is near Shechem.
11:30 l23v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names oaks of Moreh 0 These are sacred trees near Gilgal.
11:31 ke82 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
11:32 k55e all the statutes and the decrees 0 These are the statutes and decrees Moses will give in Deuteronomy 12–26.
11:32 h7se I set before you today 0 This does not mean these are new. Moses is reviewing the same statutes and decrees that he gave 40 years earlier.
11:23 zr2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֥ם הָ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה & גּוֹיִ֔ם 1 Here **nations** represents the people living in those nations. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all of the people of these nations … people from nations”
11:23 cgel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
11:24 v5q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־הַ⁠מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם בּ֖⁠וֹ 1 This is an emphatic way of saying “everywhere.” Be sure that this is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “Every single place you go”
11:24 u891 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo הַ⁠נָּהָ֣ר נְהַר־פְּרָ֗ת 1 The expression **the river, the Euphrates River** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression, as modeled by the UST.
11:25 imb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹא־יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב אִ֖ישׁ 1 Here stand means “resist” or “stop.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “No man will survive the battle”
11:25 ksp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֖ישׁ 1 By **man**, Moses means anyone from the enemy people groups. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could include this information in your translation. Alternate translation: “army of these peoples”
11:25 xm93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
11:25 zn8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פַּחְדְּ⁠כֶ֨ם וּ⁠מֽוֹרַאֲ⁠כֶ֜ם יִתֵּ֣ן ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶ֗ם 1 Here Moses speaks of emotions as if they were something one could physically put on the land. He means that he will cause the peoples to feel **fear** and **terror**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will cause the peoples to feel the fear of you and the terror of you”
11:25 lh5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פַּחְדְּ⁠כֶ֨ם וּ⁠מֽוֹרַאֲ⁠כֶ֜ם יִתֵּ֣ן ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶ֗ם עַל־פְּנֵ֤י כָל־הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear** and **terror**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will cause you to frighten and terrify all the land”
11:25 r396 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet פַּחְדְּ⁠כֶ֨ם וּ⁠מֽוֹרַאֲ⁠כֶ֜ם 1 The terms **fear** and **terror** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the extremely great fear of you”
11:25 u7i7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession פַּחְדְּ⁠כֶ֨ם וּ⁠מֽוֹרַאֲ⁠כֶ֜ם 1 Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe how the Israelites will cause **fear** and **terror**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression that describes cause and effect. Alternate translation: “the fear caused by you and the terror caused by you”
11:25 w58w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פְּנֵ֤י כָל־הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ 1 Here, **the face of all the land** represents all the people who live on the land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the people in the land”
11:26 tc5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֗ה 1 Moses is using the term **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Now”
11:26 d2d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of a people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
11:26 a8kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּרָכָ֖ה וּ⁠קְלָלָֽה 1 The implication is that the Israelites have a choice between obedience and disobedience. If the Israelites obey Yahweh, then they will receive a **blessing**, and if they disobey, they will receive the **curse** of Yahweh’s punishment. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the choice to receive a blessing or a curse from Yahweh”
11:28 ei5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠סַרְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ 1 Here, **turn aside** means to disobey or stop following. Moses is speaking of obedience as if it were walking on a **way**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and disobey the commands”
11:29 lui9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ⁠הָיָ֗ה 1 **And it will happen** introduces a command. If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “You will acknowledge the blessing and the curse”
11:29 zsz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נָתַתָּ֤ה אֶת־הַ⁠בְּרָכָה֙ עַל־הַ֣ר גְּרִזִ֔ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠קְּלָלָ֖ה עַל־הַ֥ר עֵיבָֽל 1 The **blessing** and the **curse** are spoken of as if they were objects that one could **set** on a mountain. Moses means that the Israelites will remind themselves of the consequences of obedience or disobedience while some of them are on each mountain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly, as modeled by the UST.
11:29 t5wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ֣ר גְּרִזִ֔ים & הַ֥ר עֵיבָֽל 1 These are names of mountains on the west side of the Jordan River.
11:30 k2bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠לֹא־הֵ֜מָּה בְּ⁠עֵ֣בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן אַֽחֲרֵי֙ דֶּ֚רֶךְ מְב֣וֹא הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ בְּ⁠אֶ֨רֶץ֙ הַֽ⁠כְּנַעֲנִ֔י הַ⁠יֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּ⁠עֲרָבָ֑ה מ֚וּל הַ⁠גִּלְגָּ֔ל אֵ֖צֶל אֵלוֹנֵ֥י מֹרֶֽה 1 The Israelites are on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Moses uses a question to remind the people where these mountains are located. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement, as modeled by the UST.
11:30 pgr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מְב֣וֹא הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ 1 Here, **the sun setting** is an idiom that means “the west.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the west side”
11:30 rq9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מ֚וּל 1 Here **opposite** means “near”. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “close to”
11:30 l23v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֵלוֹנֵ֥י מֹרֶֽה 1 The term **the oaks of Moreh** probably refers to a place near Gilgal where there were sacred trees.
11:31 ke82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure כִּ֤י אַתֶּם֙ עֹבְרִ֣ים אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָ⁠בֹא֙ לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם נֹתֵ֣ן לָ⁠כֶ֑ם וִֽ⁠ירִשְׁתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖⁠הּ וִֽ⁠ישַׁבְתֶּם־בָּֽ⁠הּ 1 If it would be more natural in your language to not repeat phrases, you could simplify these phrases. Alternate translation: “For you are crossing over the Jordan to posses the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you, and you will live in it”
11:32 h7se לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
11:32 jh1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I set before you 0 God’s statutes and decrees, which Moses is telling the people, are spoken of as if they were objects that Moses is setting before the people. Alternate translation: “I am giving to you”
12:intro mt76 0 # Deuteronomy 12 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Covenant with Moses\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. The reasons for these food restrictions are not always known.(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Israel and Yahweh\n\nIn the ancient Near East, when nations conquered other nations, they often added the gods of the conquered nation into their collection of gods they worshiped. It was rare to worship only one God. Israel was to be known for worshiping Yahweh and Yahweh alone. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
12:1 dsl2 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses is still talking to the people of Israel.

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