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@ -780,303 +780,402 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
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10:21 f7d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וְצַלְמָֽוֶת 1 Job is using the terms **darkness** and **deep shadow** to mean by association the abode of the dead, which people in this culture believed to be a very dark place, since it was away from any sunlight. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the abode of the dead”
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10:22 xkq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַתֹּ֥פַע כְּמוֹ־אֹֽפֶל 1 The pronoun **it** could refer to: (1) whatever faint light there might be in the abode of the dead. Alternate translation: “and where the light shines like gloom” or “and where the only light is very faint” (2) the **land** that Job has been describing, that is, the abode of the dead itself. In order to draw a contrast with the darkness in the abode of the dead, Job would be speaking as if a place that is well-lit **shines**. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “There is no light in that land”
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10:22 a8nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks וַתֹּ֥פַע כְּמוֹ־אֹֽפֶל 1 If you decided to translate verses 2–22 as a second-level direct quotation, indicate the end of that quotation here at the end of this sentence with a closing second-level quotation mark or whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a second-level quotation.
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11:intro m1vt 0 # Job 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Zophar.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Zophar’s advice\n\nZophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He even questions the character of God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nZophar uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Zophar’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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11:1 mbq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zophar the Naamathite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “Zophar from the region of Naamah”
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11:2 cq18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should not such a multitude of words be answered? 0 Zophar is asking a question in the negative to emphasize that Job’s words must be challenged. Alternate translation: “We must answer all of these words!” or “Someone should respond to all these words!”
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11:2 ua2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should this man, so full of talk, be believed? 0 Zophar uses this question to emphasize that they should not believe what Job was saying. Alternate translation: “This man is so full of talk, but the people should not believe him!” or “Your many words alone do not mean you are innocent!”
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11:3 kgu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should your boasting make others remain silent? 0 Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. Alternate translation: “Just because you have spoken many words, this does not mean that others must keep silent.”
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11:3 s3am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion When you mock, will no one make you feel ashamed? 0 Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. You may need to make explicit what it is that Job is mocking. Alternate translation: “You have mocked us for what we have said. Now we will make you feel ashamed!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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11:4 k2le My beliefs are pure 0 Alternate translation: “My understanding is correct”
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11:4 e56u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am blameless in your eyes 0 The eyes represent sight, which is a metaphor for God’s evaluation of Job. This could mean: (1) that Job is saying that God judges him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You say that I am blameless” or (2) that Job believes he has been blameless and that God should judge him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You should recognize that I am blameless”
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11:5 ii56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that God would speak … open his lips against you 0 The words “open his lips” are a metonym that means speak. These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize Zophar’s desire that God would speak harshly against Job. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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11:6 ca7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that he would show … secrets of wisdom 0 What the “secrets of wisdom” are can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin”
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11:6 qjk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God demands from you less than your iniquity deserves 0 Demanding from Job represents punishing Job. Alternate translation: “God is punishing you less than you deserve”
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11:7 tvp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Can you understand God by searching for him? Can you comprehend the Almighty perfectly? 0 These two parallel questions are asking the same thing. The writer uses the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You cannot understand God by searching for him, and you will never completely understand the Almighty!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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11:8 n8yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The matter 0 This refers to understanding God. Alternate translation: “To understand God”
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11:8 jhq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism is as high as heaven … deeper than Sheol 0 The impossibility of understanding God is spoken of as if it were impossible to go to these extremely far away places. Alternate translation: “is as inaccessible as the highest places in heaven … is more inaccessible than the deepest places in Sheol” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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11:8 y9sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion what can you do? 0 Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to understand God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot do anything.” or “you cannot understand him fully.”
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11:8 hb95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion what can you know? 0 Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to know God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot know God fully.” or “you cannot know all there is to know.”
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11:9 i9xz Its measure 0 This could mean: (1) God’s greatness or (2) the greatness of God’s wisdom.
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11:9 z6cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is longer than the earth … wider than the sea 0 God’s greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance.
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11:10 y4fx If he … shuts anyone up 0 Alternate translation: “If God … shuts anyone up in prison”
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11:10 d1jn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns if he calls anyone to judgment 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him”
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11:10 f915 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion who can stop him? 0 This question emphasizes that no one can stop God. Alternate translation: “no one can stop him!”
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11:11 gdx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion does he not notice it? 0 This emphasizes that God does notice sin. Alternate translation: “he surely notices it!”
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11:12 e8e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns But foolish people have no understanding 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “But foolish people do not understand”
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11:12 jlz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony they will get it when a wild donkey gives birth to a man 0 Since a wild donkey can never give birth to a man, this means that foolish people will never get understanding. Alternate translation: “only if a wild donkey could give birth to a man could foolish people get understanding” or “it is as impossible for a foolish person to get understanding as it is for a donkey to give birth to a man”
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11:13 k56l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor suppose that you had set your heart right 0 The heart represents thoughts and attitudes. Setting it right represents correcting it. Alternate translation: “even if you had corrected your attitude”
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11:13 mm3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction had reached out with your hands toward God 0 This is a symbolic action representing asking God for help. Alternate translation: “had made an appeal and prayed to God”
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11:14 t8z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy suppose that iniquity were in your hand 0 The hand represents what a person does. Alternate translation: “even if you had done some evil things in the past”
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11:14 nt8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but that then you put it far away from you 0 Putting sin behind represents stopping sinning. Alternate translation: “but that then you stopped doing evil things”
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11:14 u5ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification did not let unrighteousness live in your tents 0 Unrighteousness living represents people doing unrighteous things. Alternate translation: “and you did not allow the members of your household to do unrighteous things”
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11:15 db84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy lift up your face without a sign of shame 0 “Lifting up your face” represents the attitude of a person who is confident and brave. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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11:16 x6vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile you would remember it only like waters that have flowed away 0 Zophar is comparing misery with water that flows downstream and it is gone. Alternate translation: “You would remember it, but the misery will be gone, like waters that have flowed away”
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11:17 fqt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Your life would … like the morning. 0 Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis.
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11:17 dkt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your life would be brighter than the noonday 0 Brightness represents being prosperous and happy. Alternate translation: “Your life would be prosperous and happy like the noonday”
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11:17 dua9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo though there were darkness 0 Darkness represents troubles and sadness. Alternate translation: “Though there were dark troubles and sadness”
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11:17 s8z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it would become like the morning 0 The morning represents light, which represents prosperity and happiness. Alternate translation: “it would be prosperous and happy like the morning”
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11:18 iqu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism You would be secure … take your rest in safety 0 Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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11:18 f1be rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom would take your rest in safety 0 “Take your rest” here is an idiom for “rest.” The phrase “in safety” can be expressed with the word “safely.” Alternate translation: “would rest safely” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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11:19 fm2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Also you would lie down in rest … your favor. 0 Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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11:19 hc18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns you would lie down in rest 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rest**, you can express the same idea with the verb “rest.” Alternate translation: “you would lie down and rest”
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11:20 s359 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the eyes of wicked people will fail 0 Their eyes represent their understanding. Alternate translation: “the understanding of the wicked people will fail” or “the wicked people will not be able to understand”
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12:intro u4jn 0 # Job 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Zophar.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s righteousness\nDespite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job’s case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh’s authority. These three friends therefore try to take God’s place. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nJob uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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12:2 dpz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you 0 Job mocks how they are acting and shows how ridiculous they sound. Alternate translation: “Surely you are such important people that wisdom cannot exist without you” or “You all act like you are the only wise people and that when you die, wisdom will disappear”
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12:2 ba96 No doubt 0 Alternate translation: “Surely”
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12:2 dk3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you 0 This is plural in verses 2 and 3.
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12:2 xl1k you are the people 0 Alternate translation: “you are the important people who know everything”
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12:3 kd9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Indeed, who does not know such things as these? 0 Job used this question to express a truth that should be obvious to his listeners. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly there is no one who does not know such things as these.” or “Certainly everyone knows these things.”
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12:4 qdq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—I, one who called on God and who was answered by him! 0 The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words “even though.” Alternate translation: “I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—even though I am one who called on God and he answered me!”
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12:4 f67d rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases I, a just and blameless man—I am now something to laugh at 0 The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words “even though.” Alternate translation: “Even though I am a just and blameless man, people now laugh at me”
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12:5 cg28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns In the thought of someone who is at ease, there is contempt for misfortune 0 The abstract nouns “thought,” “ease,” “contempt,” and “misfortune” can be expressed with other phrases. Alternate translation: “A person who lives an easy life despises a person who suffers”
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12:5 j6ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor brings more misfortune 0 Bringing misfortune represents causing it to happen. Alternate translation: “causes more bad things to happen”
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12:5 z8za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to those whose foot is slipping 0 The foot slipping represents being in danger or trouble. Alternate translation: “to those who are already in trouble”
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12:6 rn8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The tents of robbers prosper 0 Their tents prospering represents the robbers prospering in their tents. Alternate translation: “Robbers live in prosperity in their own tents”
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12:6 j8fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their own hands are their gods 0 Here “their own hands” is a metonym for strength, and “their gods” is a metaphor for their pride. Alternate translation: “they are extremely proud of their own abilities” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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12:7 c1y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony But now ask the beasts … the birds … they will tell you 0 Job is saying that the beasts and the birds understand God better than Job’s friends do.
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12:7 t82w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you 0 All occurrences of “you” are plural.
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12:7 de2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative But now ask the beasts, and they will teach you 0 The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “But if you were to ask the beasts, they would teach you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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12:7 ee93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative ask the birds of the heavens, and they will tell you 0 The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: if you were to ask the birds of the heavens, they would tell you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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12:8 g5xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony speak to the earth … will declare to you 0 Job is saying that the beasts, the birds, the earth, and the fish understand God better than Job’s friends do.
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12:8 k4ca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative Or speak to the earth, and it will teach you 0 The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “Or if you were to speak to the earth, it would teach you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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12:8 bjf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the fish of the sea will declare to you 0 The command “Ask the fish of the sea” is understood from the previous sentences. It functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “and if you were to ask the fish of the sea, they would declare to you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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12:9 hu2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Which animal among all these does not know … this? 0 This question emphasizes the point that all the animals know that Yahweh has done this. This question can be worded as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every animal among all these knows … this.”
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12:9 tht3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of Yahweh has done this 0 Yahweh’s hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has done this by his power”
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12:10 tx1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy In his hand is the life … and the breath of all mankind 0 Yahweh’s hand represents his control or power. Alternate translation: “God controls the life of every living thing and gives breath to all mankind”
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12:10 s1sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the breath of all mankind 0 Here “breath” represents life or the ability to live.
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12:11 d5vn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does not the ear test words just as the palate tastes its food? 0 Job uses this question to emphasize that people listen to what others say and judge whether it is good or not. The ear and palate are metonyms for hearing and tasting. Alternate translation: “We hear what people say and test it just as we taste food and test it.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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12:12 v4ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns With aged men is wisdom 0 “Aged men have wisdom.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you can express the same idea with “wise.” The word “men” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “Old people are wise” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
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12:12 lhn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in length of days is understanding 0 This represents people gaining understanding when they live a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with the phrase “understand much.” Alternate translation: “people gain understanding when they live a long time” or “people who live a long time understand much”
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12:13 mmb7 0 # General Information:\n\nVerse 13 says that God is wise and mighty. The rest of this chapter shows that this is true by telling about the wise and mighty things that God does.
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12:13 tw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns With God are wisdom and might 0 The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “might” can be expressed with the adjectives “wise” and “mighty.” Alternate translation: “God is wise and mighty”
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12:14 aq2d See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
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12:14 v1pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it cannot be built again 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can rebuild it”
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12:14 c4eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns if he imprisons someone, there can be no release 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **release**, you can express the same idea with the verb “free.” Alternate translation: “if God shuts someone in, no one can free him”
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12:15 pl3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor if he withholds the waters, they dry up 0 Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents: (1) preventing the rain from falling. Alternate translation: “if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up” or (2) preventing running water from flowing. Alternate translation: “if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up”
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12:15 rel2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land 0 Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning: (1) causing the rain to fall. Alternate translation: “if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land” or (2) causing the waters to flow. Alternate translation: “if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land”
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12:16 gqf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns With him are strength and wisdom 0 The abstract nouns “strength” and “wisdom” can be expressed with the words “strong” and “wise.” Alternate translation: “God is strong and wise”
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12:16 uuh8 people who are deceived and the deceiver are both in his power 0 Being in God’s power represents God ruling over them. Alternate translation: “people who believe a lie and people who lie to others are both in his power” or “God rules over both people who believe lies and people who lie to others”
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12:17 lk8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He leads counselors away barefoot 0 Leading counselors away barefoot represents taking away their wisdom and authority.
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12:17 ux12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in sorrow 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrow**, you can express the same idea with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel very sad” or “and they grieve”
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12:17 uu39 he turns judges into fools 0 Alternate translation: “he makes judges become foolish”
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12:18 w5lc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He takes off the chain of authority from kings 0 Possible meanings are that: (1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. Alternate translation: “He takes away the authority of kings” or (2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. Alternate translation: “He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people”
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12:18 p4c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he wraps a cloth about their waists 0 This cloth is probably what a slave wears. To put these cloths on kings represents making the kings slaves. Alternate translation: “he makes kings wear the clothing of slaves” or “he makes them slaves”
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12:19 mkn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He leads priests away barefoot 0 Leading priests away barefoot represents taking away their authority.
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12:19 wut2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in sorrow 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrow**, you can express the same idea with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel sad” or “and they grieve”
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12:19 ch3f overthrows mighty people 0 Alternate translation: “defeats powerful people”
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12:20 g3na rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He removes the speech of those who had been trusted 0 Removing their speech represents making them unable to speak. Alternate translation: “He makes those who were trusted unable to speak” or “He silences people whom others trusted”
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12:20 dk1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy takes away the understanding of the elders 0 Taking away their understanding represents making them unable to understand or make good decisions. Alternate translation: “makes the elders unable to understand” or “makes the elders unable to make good decisions”
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12:20 gm4d the elders 0 This could mean: (1) the older people or (2) the leaders.
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12:21 l74e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He pours contempt upon princes 0 Pouring contempt on princes is a metaphor for causing people to feel contempt for them. Alternate translation: “He causes people to greatly disrespect those who rule”
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12:21 k6sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unfastens the belt of strong people 0 The belt is a symbol of strength. Unfastening a strong person’s belt represents taking away his strength and making him weak. Alternate translation: “makes the strong people weak”
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12:22 c31p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He reveals the deep things of darkness 0 Revealing things represents making them known. “Deep things from darkness” represent secrets that people do not know. Alternate translation: “He makes known secrets that people do not know”
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12:22 bqc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor brings deep shadows into the light 0 Bringing things out into the light represents making them known, and here “shadows” is a metonym for the things that are hidden in the shadows, which in turn are a metaphor for truths that God has hidden from people. Alternate translation: “makes known things that no one can see” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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12:23 zzy8 He enlarges nations 0 Alternate translation: “He makes nations larger” or “He makes nations have more land”
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12:23 dkw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he also leads them along as prisoners 0 God leading nations represents God causing enemy nations to lead them. The word “them” represents nations, which here represents the people of those nations. Alternate translation: “he also causes their enemies to lead them along as prisoners”
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12:24 n4ta rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He takes away understanding from the leaders of the people of the earth 0 Taking away their understanding represents causing them to be unable to understand. Alternate translation: “He causes the leaders of the people of the earth to be unable to understand”
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12:24 w1re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to wander in a wilderness where there is no path 0 Wandering in a wilderness where there is no path represents being in a difficult situation and not knowing what to do. Alternate translation: “to be unsure of what to do like a person wandering in a wasteland with no path”
|
||||
12:25 x7t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They grope in the dark without light 0 Being in the dark without light represents lacking knowledge. Alternate translation: “They struggle to make decisions without knowledge as people struggle to walk in the dark without light”
|
||||
12:25 a21u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he makes them stagger like a drunk man 0 Staggering or wandering like a drunk man represents living without purpose. Alternate translation: “he makes them live without purpose like a drunk person who staggers as he walks” or “they wander aimlessly like a drunk person who staggers back and forth”
|
||||
13:intro x1ub 0 # Job 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Zophar. It also contains Job’s claim of righteousness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s righteousness\nDespite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job’s case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh’s authority. These three friends therefore try to take God’s place. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
13:1 i5ce Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends.
|
||||
13:1 i4pc See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||||
13:1 d8w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my eye has seen all this 0 Job referred to himself as his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw these things. Alternate translation: “I have seen all this”
|
||||
13:1 q1yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my ear has heard and understood it 0 Job referred to himself as his ear since it is with his ears that he heard these things. Alternate translation: “I have heard and understood it”
|
||||
13:2 cq6c What you know, the same I also know 0 Alternate translation: “What you know, I also know” or “I know as much as you”
|
||||
13:3 lcm5 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends.
|
||||
13:3 mx6r I wish to reason with God 0 Job’s friends are judging him, but they not speaking the truth. Job would rather argue with God alone about his complaint.
|
||||
13:4 f979 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you whitewash the truth with lies 0 Putting whitewash or plaster on the truth represents ignoring the truth. Alternate translation: “you hide the truth with lies” or “you lie and ignore the truth”
|
||||
13:4 p89c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you are all physicians of no value 0 Being a physician represents being a person who comforts others. Being of no value means that they do not know how to do what they should. Alternate translation: “you are all like physicians who do not know how to heal people” or “you all come to comfort me, but you do not know how, like unskilled physicians”
|
||||
13:5 gp7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hold your peace 0 This expression means “be quiet” or “stop talking.”
|
||||
13:5 t33j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns That would be your wisdom 0 They thought that they were saying wise things, but Job was saying that they would be wiser if they would stop talking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “If you were to do that, you would be wise” or “If you were to stop talking, you would appear wise”
|
||||
13:6 ezt5 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends.
|
||||
13:6 v78i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche listen to the pleading of my own lips 0 Here “lips” represent the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen to what I myself plead for”
|
||||
13:7 scy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you speak unrighteously … deceitfully for him? 0 Job uses these two questions to rebuke his friends for speaking unrighteously. Alternate translation: “You think that you are speaking for God, but you are speaking unrighteously. You are speaking deceitfully.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||||
13:7 gc76 talk deceitfully 0 Alternate translation: “lie” or “tell lies”
|
||||
13:8 x6cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you show him partiality? Will you argue the case for God? 0 Showing kindness to God represents helping God or defending God against Job’s complaints. Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for thinking that they can defend God. Alternate translation: “You think that God need you to defend him? You think that you can argue for God like attorneys in court.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||||
13:9 i61h Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends.
|
||||
13:9 l9wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will it be good for you when he searches you out? 0 Here “searches you out” is a metaphor meaning “examines you.” Job uses this question to warn his friends that if God were to examine them, he would say that what they are doing is wrong. Alternate translation: “When God examines you, it will not be good for you.”
|
||||
13:9 gk9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Could you deceive him as you might deceive men? 0 Job uses this question to warn his friends that God knows the truth about them. Alternate translation: “You might be able to deceive men, but you cannot deceive God.”
|
||||
13:10 ecs9 reprove you 0 Alternate translation: “rebuke you”
|
||||
13:10 g5lz if in secret you showed partiality 0 “if you secretly show favor to another.” Showing partiality refers to saying only good things about someone so that the judge will say that the person is good. Doing this in secret means pretending to speak fairly, but really favoring one person over another.
|
||||
13:11 bx5e Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends.
|
||||
13:11 j11v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you? 0 Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends. This could mean: (1) Job is saying that they should fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty should make you afraid, and his dread should fall on you.” or (2) Job is saying that they will fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty will make you afraid, and his dread will fall on you!”
|
||||
13:11 e6x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and the dread of him fall upon you 0 Dread falling on people represents them becoming terribly afraid. Alternate translation: “and you not be terribly afraid” or “and you not be terrified”
|
||||
13:12 s8ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your memorable sayings are proverbs made of ashes 0 Ashes represent things that are worthless and do not last. Alternate translation: “Your memorable sayings are worthless like ashes” or “Your memorable sayings will be forgotten like ashes that are blown away”
|
||||
13:12 brf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your defenses are defenses made of clay 0 Job speaks of what they say as if it were a wall made of clay around a city; it cannot defend the people because clay breaks easily. Alternate translation: “What you say in defense is as useless as a wall of clay”
|
||||
13:12 pt19 your defenses 0 Possible meanings are that this refers to: (1) what they say to defend themselves or (2) what they say to defend God.
|
||||
13:13 ygn9 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends.
|
||||
13:13 i6h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Hold your peace 0 This is an idiom meaning “Be quiet” or “Stop talking”
|
||||
13:13 wau3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom let me alone 0 This is an idiom that means “stop bothering me” or “stop hindering me”
|
||||
13:13 vp1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let come what may on me 0 Things coming on a person represents things happening to a person. This expression starting with “let” means that he does not care what might happen to him. Alternate translation: “let whatever may happen to me happen” or “I do not care what may happen to me”
|
||||
13:14 wk5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will take my own flesh … in my hands 0 “Flesh” here is a metonym for life. “Teeth” and “hands” are metonyms for his own control. These two phrases together emphasize that Job is willing to risk his life by arguing his case with God. Alternate translation: “I am ready to risk my life” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||||
13:16 t8zh Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob finishes speaking to his friends and begins to address God directly.
|
||||
13:16 e8gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns This will be the reason for my deliverance 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **deliverance**, you can express the same idea with the verb “deliver.” Alternate translation: “This is the reason that God will deliver me” or “This is why God will save me from my troubles”
|
||||
13:17 ppd9 God, listen carefully 0 Job begins directing his speech directly to God.
|
||||
13:17 z88n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism listen carefully to my speech; let my declaration come to your ears 0 These two lines mean basically the same thing and intensify Job’s request for God to listen to him.
|
||||
13:17 g1xr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns let my declaration come to your ears 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you can express the same idea with the verb “declare.” The ears represent listening. Alternate translation: “listen to my declaration” or “listen to what I declare” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
13:18 dj3q Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to God.
|
||||
13:18 y2bk See now 0 This emphasizes what follows. “Listen now” or “Please pay special attention”
|
||||
13:18 mb7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have set my defense in order 0 Setting his defense in order represents deciding what he will say to defend himself. Alternate translation: “I have thought through how I will defend myself” or “I have decided how I will explain myself”
|
||||
13:19 u63c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is the one who would argue against me in court? 0 Job uses this question to express his belief that since he is right, no one would argue against him. Alternate translation: “I do not believe that anyone would argue against me in court.”
|
||||
13:19 t9jj If you came to do so 0 Alternate translation: “If you came to argue against me”
|
||||
13:19 v85m If you 0 “You” here means God himself.
|
||||
13:19 r79s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive if I were proved wrong 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if you were to prove me wrong”
|
||||
13:19 b4n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor give up my life 0 Giving up one’s life is a metaphor for dying. Alternate translation: “die”
|
||||
13:20 y87x Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to God.
|
||||
13:20 yzd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche from your face 0 “Face” represents the person. Alternate translation: “from you”
|
||||
13:21 l5nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy withdraw your oppressive hand 0 An oppressive hand is a metonym for doing things that oppress someone. Withdrawing the hand is a metaphor for stopping doing those things. Alternate translation: “stop oppressing me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
13:21 w19t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy do not let your terrors make me afraid 0 The phrase “your terrors” refers to what causes people to be terrified of God. Alternate translation: “do not terrify me”
|
||||
13:23 adu2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to God.
|
||||
13:24 vm5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you hide … like your enemy? 0 Job asks this question to complain about how God is treating him. He probably hopes for an answer.
|
||||
13:24 i7qi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you hide your face from me 0 Hiding one’s face from someone represents refusing to look at him or ignoring him. Alternate translation: “you refuse to look at me” or “you ignore me”
|
||||
13:25 xm7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you persecute … pursue dry stubble? 0 Job uses these questions to tell God that since Job is so insignificant and weak, it is useless to persecute him. “Leaf” and “stubble” are metaphors describing Job’s weakness, insignificance and frailty. Alternate translation: “You persecute me, but I am weak like a leaf blown by the wind and insignificant like dry stubble.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
13:26 ta4y Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob finishes presenting his case to God.
|
||||
13:26 h6dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For you write down bitter things against me 0 “Bitter things” represents accusations. Alternate translation: “For you write down accusations against me”
|
||||
13:26 bc79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth 0 Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth” or (2) being punished for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you punish me for the sins of my youth”
|
||||
13:26 l6wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the iniquities of my youth 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **youth**, you can express the same idea with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “the sins I committed when I was young”
|
||||
13:27 l4hh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You also put my feet in the stocks 0 Doing this represents punishing Job and keeping him from living freely as if Job had committed a crime and was a prisoner. Alternate translation: “It is as though you put my feet in the stocks”
|
||||
13:27 lk93 the stocks 0 This could mean: (1) a frame that holds a prisoner’s feet in place so that he cannot move at all or (2) chains around a prisoner’s feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment.
|
||||
13:27 v659 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all my paths 0 “Paths” represent the things Job does. Alternate translation: “everything I do”
|
||||
13:27 x3kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked 0 The soles of his feet represent the person who walks. Alternate translation: “you examine the ground where I have walked”
|
||||
13:27 l15n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked 0 Examining this ground represents examining all that Job has done. Alternate translation: “it is as though you examine the ground where I have walked” or “you examine everything I do like a person examining someone’s footprints on the ground”
|
||||
13:28 mlj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a rotten thing that wastes away 0 Job compares his life to something that is decaying. He is slowly dying.
|
||||
13:28 fq5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a garment that moths have eaten 0 Job compares himself to clothes that are full of holes because the moths have eaten parts of it.
|
||||
14:intro t321 0 # Job 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s claim of righteousness being presented to Yahweh. It also has an abrupt shift in tone. Rather than being hopeful, Job laments. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Resurrection\n\nThe events of Job occurred long before the Old Testament was written. Therefore, he likely had very little direct revelation about Yahweh. The resurrection of the dead was apparently not well-known during Job’s day. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in his appeal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
14:1 d6in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations Man, who is born of woman 0 This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world.
|
||||
14:1 u162 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole lives only a few days 0 This is an exaggeration to emphasize that people live only a short time. Alternate translation: “lives only a very short time”
|
||||
14:1 pfe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit is full of trouble 0 Being “full of trouble” represents experiencing much trouble. Alternate translation: “has many troubles” or “suffers much”
|
||||
14:2 bgr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile He sprouts from the ground like a flower and is cut down 0 Like the life of a flower, a person’s life is short and is easily killed.
|
||||
14:2 w4bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he flees like a shadow and does not last 0 A person’s short life is compared to a shadow that disappears quickly.
|
||||
14:3 tkx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you look at any of these? 0 Job implies that he does not want God to pay so much attention to him. Alternate translation: “You do not look at any of these.” or “You do not pay so much attention to these. Please do not pay so much attention to me.”
|
||||
14:3 inl9 look at 0 Here looking at some one represents paying attention to him in order to judge him. Alternate translation: “pay attention to” or “look for faults in”
|
||||
14:3 fg87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you bring me into judgment with you? 0 Job uses this question to show his surprise that God judges him even though Job is so insignificant like the flowers. Alternate translation: “But you judge me.”
|
||||
14:4 pls1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can bring something clean out of something unclean? No one 0 Job uses this question to persuade God to apply what he knows about unclean things to Job. Alternate translation: “No one can bring something clean out of something unclean”
|
||||
14:5 fm5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Man’s days are determined 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “You determine a man’s days” or “You decide how long a man lives”
|
||||
14:5 iz79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The number of his months is with you 0 The number of man’s months being with God represents God deciding the number of months that the man will live. “You decide how many months he will live”
|
||||
14:5 jij3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have appointed his limits that he cannot pass 0 Passing a limit represents living past a time that God has set for a person to die. Alternate translation: “you have appointed the time that he will die, and he cannot live longer than that”
|
||||
14:6 w4rx hired man 0 a man who is hired to do a job and goes home afterwards
|
||||
14:7 l8i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns There can be hope for a tree 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you can express the same idea with the verb “hope.” The hope is explained in verses 7–9. Alternate translation: “We can hope that a tree will live again” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
14:7 ezr1 it might sprout again 0 Alternate translation: “it might start growing again”
|
||||
14:7 jj4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so that its tender stalk does not disappear 0 Disappearing represents dying. Alternate translation: “so that its young shoot will not die”
|
||||
14:8 u25b Though 0 Alternate translation: “Even if”
|
||||
14:8 cqw2 stump 0 the part of the tree that remains sticking out of the ground after someone has cut down most of the tree
|
||||
14:9 f92c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification even if it only smells water 0 This describes the dead stump as if it could smell water to represent water being near it. Alternate translation: “even if only a little water is near it”
|
||||
14:9 dav4 it will bud 0 Alternate translation: “it will start growing”
|
||||
14:9 bx2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification send out branches like a plant 0 The tree sending out branches represents branches growing on the tree. Alternate translation: “branches will start growing on it like a plant”
|
||||
14:10 wz2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion then where is he? 0 Job uses this question to emphasize that when a person dies, he is not present. Alternate translation: “no one knows where he is.” or “he is gone.”
|
||||
14:11 jp78 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob begins to use word pictures to describe how it is that “man dies; he becomes weak” (verse 10).
|
||||
14:11 dug9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As water disappears from a lake … dries up 0 Water that has dried up from a lake or a river cannot return, and once a person dies or grows old, he cannot become young again.
|
||||
14:12 f32z Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob finishes comparing growing old and dying with water drying up (verse 11).
|
||||
14:12 a5nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so people lie down 0 Lying down represents dying. Alternate translation: “so people die”
|
||||
14:12 h4i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor do not rise again 0 Rising again represents living again. Alternate translation: “do not live again”
|
||||
14:13 w12i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Oh, that you would hide me 0 This is an exclamation showing what Job wants very much but does not really expect to happen. Alternate translation: “I wish that you would hide me”
|
||||
14:13 is2h keep me in private 0 Alternate translation: “keep me locked up” or “keep me hidden”
|
||||
14:13 km9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call me to mind 0 Call someone to mind is an idiom meaning to think about him. Alternate translation: “think about me” or “remember me”
|
||||
14:14 u755 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If a man dies, will he live again? 0 The implicit answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “If a man dies, he will not live again.”
|
||||
14:14 a2dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit If so 0 What “so” refers to is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “If he would live again”
|
||||
14:14 he34 to wait all my weary time there 0 Alternate translation: “to wait all my time there even though I would be weary”
|
||||
14:14 ws2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns until my release should come 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **release**, you can express the same idea with the verb “release.” Alternate translation: “until I should be released” or “until you release me”
|
||||
14:15 tbe8 I would answer 0 Alternate translation: “I would do what you wanted me to do”
|
||||
14:15 d3u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns You would have a desire for 0 The noun “desire” can be expressed with the verbs “desire” or “want.” Alternate translation: “You would desire” or “You would want”
|
||||
14:15 j3fp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the work of your hands 0 Here God’s hands represent him making things. Job refers to himself as the work of God’s hands. Alternate translation: “for me, whom you have made” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||||
14:16 k7q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys number and care for 0 These two verbs together express a single action. Alternate translation: “attentively care for”
|
||||
14:16 q9vm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my footsteps 0 Footsteps represent his life or what he does. Alternate translation: “my life” or “the things I do”
|
||||
14:16 bay1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you would not keep track of my sin 0 Keeping track of Job’s sin represents thinking about his sin. Alternate translation: “you would not look at my sin” or “you would not think about my sin”
|
||||
14:17 zvn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism My transgression would be … you would cover up 0 These three lines express the same thought and are used together to emphasize his confidence that God would forgive him.
|
||||
14:17 cby4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My transgression would be sealed up in a bag 0 Sealing transgression in a bag represents hiding it and refusing to think about it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You would refuse to think about my transgression like someone who hides something in a bag”
|
||||
14:17 qe5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you would cover up my iniquity 0 Covering up someone’s iniquity so that it cannot be seen represents refusing to think about it. Alternate translation: “you would hide my iniquity” or “you would ignore my iniquity”
|
||||
14:18 hga3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet mountains fall and come to nothing 0 “Come to nothing” here is an idiom meaning be completely destroyed. This phrase expands on the word “fall” and emphasizes complete destruction. Alternate translation: “mountains completely fall apart”
|
||||
14:18 h2q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rocks are moved out of their place 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “rocks tumble down from their place”
|
||||
14:19 nc2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like this, you destroy the hope of man 0 If it is easier in your language, you can put this phrase at the beginning of verse 18 and adjust the text accordingly. Alternate translation: “You destroy the hope of man, just like … dust of the earth”
|
||||
14:19 dj8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you destroy the hope of man 0 Destroying hope represents causing the things people hope for not to happen. Alternate translation: “You prevent the hope of man from happening”
|
||||
14:19 usl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the hope of man 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hopes**, you can express the same idea with the verb “hope.” Alternate translation: “the things that man hopes for”
|
||||
14:20 q4my You always defeat him 0 The word “him” refers to any person. Alternate translation: “You always defeat man” or “You always defeat people”
|
||||
14:20 uah1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism he passes away 0 Passing away represents dying. Alternate translation: “he dies”
|
||||
14:20 p3dh you change his face 0 This could mean: (1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or (2) when a person dies, God makes the person’s face look different.
|
||||
14:20 lq7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor send him away to die 0 This represents causing him to die.
|
||||
14:21 m7cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor if they are brought low 0 Being brought low represents being shamed. Alternate translation: “if they are disgraced” or “if people shame them”
|
||||
15:intro p4sy 0 # Job 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Eliphaz’s advice\nEliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nEliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
15:1 v5mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eliphaz the Temanite 0 This is the name of a man. People from Teman are known as Temanites. See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md).
|
||||
15:2 mw8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge and fill himself with the east wind? 0 Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind.”
|
||||
15:2 hd46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fill himself with the east wind 0 The wind represents emptiness. This phrase speaks of a person speaking empty and meaningless words as if that person were full of the wind. Alternate translation: “fill himself with empty words” or “only have meaningless words”
|
||||
15:2 h768 the east wind 0 Alternate translation: “hot air” or “the desert wind”
|
||||
15:3 mka2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good? 0 Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good.” or “He should not argue using unprofitable talk or make speeches that accomplish nothing good.”
|
||||
15:4 kfj8 you diminish respect for God 0 This could mean: (1) “because of what you say and do, other people no longer respect God” or (2) “you are no longer respecting God.”
|
||||
15:4 k1xg diminish 0 make smaller
|
||||
15:4 fz3c you obstruct devotion to him 0 This could mean: (1) “you make it difficult for others to devote themselves to God” or (2) “you are no longer devoting yourself to God.”
|
||||
15:4 f5pv obstruct 0 block someone’s path
|
||||
15:4 p5a3 devotion to 0 Alternate translation: “meditation on” or “concern for”
|
||||
15:5 t4nv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification your iniquity teaches your mouth 0 This describes “iniquity” as if it were a teacher and Job’s mouth is described as if it is learning. This means that his speech is greatly influenced by his iniquity. Alternate translation: “your iniquity is like a teacher and your mouth is like its student” or “it is because of your sin that you speak the way you do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
15:5 el6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your mouth 0 This speaks of Job, but refers to his “mouth” to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate translation: “you to speak” or “you to say what you say”
|
||||
15:5 tt4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to have the tongue of a crafty man 0 This refers to the way a crafty man speaks as his “tongue.” Alternate translation: “to speak in the way of a crafty man”
|
||||
15:5 gfb6 crafty man 0 man who harms others by lying to them
|
||||
15:6 j5yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Your own mouth condemns you, not mine 0 This refers to Job and Eliphaz by their “mouths” to place emphasis on what they say. Alternate translation: “You are condemned by what you say, not by what I say” or “You condemn yourself by what you say, it is not I who condemns you”
|
||||
15:6 l5gv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your own lips testify 0 This speaks of Job, but refers to his “lips” to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate translation: “your own words” or “you testify”
|
||||
15:7 rl1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nEach verse is a parallelism that contains two rhetorical questions. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
15:7 dpx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you the first man that was born? 0 The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not the first man that was born.”
|
||||
15:7 a7jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Were you brought into existence before the hills? 0 The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You were not brought into existence before the hills.” or “God did not bring you into existence before he brought the hills into existence.”
|
||||
15:7 v4jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Were you brought 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Did God bring you”
|
||||
15:8 s4d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you heard the secret knowledge of God? 0 The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not heard the secret knowledge of God.”
|
||||
15:8 z3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you limit wisdom to yourself? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that he cannot limit wisdom to himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot limit wisdom to yourself.” or “You are not the only wise person.”
|
||||
15:9 afn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What do you know that we do not know? 0 The implicit answer here is “nothing.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that you know that we do not know.” or “Everything you know, we also know.”
|
||||
15:9 dt5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What do you understand that is not also in us? 0 This speaks of the men having understanding as if it were something “inside” them. Alternate translation: “Everything you understand, we also understand.” or “We understand everything that you understand.”
|
||||
15:10 e1wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men 0 Eliphaz speaks of him and the other men having learned wisdom from older men and wisdom that had been passed down from men of previous generations as if these older men were physically present with them. Alternate translation: “We acquired wisdom from old gray-haired people, from people who were born before your father was”
|
||||
15:11 w8rr Are the consolations of God … gentle toward you? 0 This rhetorical question is an accusation, with the implicit answer to the question being “yes.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must think that the consolations of God are too small for you, the words that are gentle toward you”
|
||||
15:11 lg22 consolations 0 Alternate translation: “comforts” or “sympathies”
|
||||
15:12 bbd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Why does your heart carry you away? 0 Here the “heart” represents a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Why do your emotions take you away?” or “Why do you allow your emotions to guide your decisions?” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
15:12 c87r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Why do your eyes flash 0 This probably refers to Job appearing angry, specifically the appearance of his eyes. Alternate translation: “Why do your eyes look angry” or “Why are you angry”
|
||||
15:13 q3sz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche turn your spirit 0 Here the “spirit” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “turn yourself”
|
||||
15:13 v2f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit bring out such words from your mouth 0 This describes him speaking. Alternate translation: “so you say harsh things against him”
|
||||
15:14 ha68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism What is man … What is he who is born 0 These two questions are basically the same and are used together to emphasize that a man cannot be perfect.
|
||||
15:14 n6c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is man that he should be clean? 0 This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “clean.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man, he cannot be completely clean.”
|
||||
15:14 u6tx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor clean 0 A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean.
|
||||
15:14 z1zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is he who is born of a woman that he should be righteous? 0 This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “righteous.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man who is born from a woman cannot be completely righteous.”
|
||||
15:15 iv3b See 0 This word is used here to draw Job’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||||
15:15 h358 his holy ones 0 Alternate translation: “his angels”
|
||||
15:15 pd53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor clean 0 Something that God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if it were physically clean.
|
||||
15:15 q77f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in his sight 0 Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in his judgment”
|
||||
15:16 gt36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet abominable and corrupt 0 These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how wicked humans are.
|
||||
15:16 we5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who drinks iniquity like water 0 This describes iniquity as if it were water you can drink. It compares how the evil man desires to commit sin to how readily he desires to drink cool water. Alternate translation: “who love iniquity as much as they love a cup of fresh water” or “who commit evil deeds as often as they drink water”
|
||||
15:17 fks4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will show you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will explain to you” or “I will make it clear to you”
|
||||
15:17 qvd8 I will announce 0 Alternate translation: “I will declare”
|
||||
15:18 q3uc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes their ancestors did not hide 0 Eliphaz emphasizes that their ancestors purposefully taught them these things. Alternate translation: “their ancestors taught openly”
|
||||
15:19 yjj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive to whom alone the land was given 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to whom alone God gave the land”
|
||||
15:19 psj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit among whom no stranger ever passed 0 This means that no foreigner lived among them, specifically so that they would not be influenced by pagan religions. Alternate translation: “no one from another country came and caused them to think wrongly about God”
|
||||
15:20 q88x twists in pain 0 “suffers a lot of pain.” This is either physical or emotional pain.
|
||||
15:20 caz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the number of years that are laid up 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all the years that God has laid up”
|
||||
15:20 s474 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that are laid up 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that are prepared” or “that are set aside”
|
||||
15:21 fj8p A sound of terrors is in his ears 0 Alternate translation: “He constantly hears sounds that terrify him”
|
||||
15:22 ep91 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEliphaz continues describing the wicked man he began to describe in [Job 15:20](../15/20.md).
|
||||
15:22 i3pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom return out of darkness 0 Here “darkness” is a metaphor for trouble or misfortune. Alternate translation: “escape misfortune”
|
||||
15:22 lh1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword waits for him 0 Here “the sword” is a metonym that represents an enemy who is waiting to kill the evil man. This could mean: (1) he is worried that someone will murder him. Alternate translation: “he worries that someone is about to murder him” or (2) it is certain that he is going to be murdered. Alternate translation: “someone is waiting to murder him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
15:23 k4qm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche for bread 0 Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “for food”
|
||||
15:23 ul3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the day of darkness 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the day of disaster” or “the moment of his death”
|
||||
15:23 gu8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom is at hand 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “is coming soon”
|
||||
15:24 vur7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Distress and anguish make him afraid; they prevail against him 0 The words “distress” and “anguish” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the emotion. Here these feelings are spoken of as if they were an enemy who is attacking the wicked man. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
15:24 e7mb prevail against 0 Alternate translation: “overpower” or “defeat”
|
||||
15:24 tg34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as a king ready for battle 0 This compares how his distress and anguish overpower him to how a king, who is ready for battle, would prevail against him. Alternate translation: “just like a king, who is ready for a battle, would prevail against him”
|
||||
15:25 uuk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he has reached out with his hand against God 0 “he has shook his fist against God.” This is a sign of aggression.
|
||||
15:26 sx7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor runs at God 0 This speaks of the wicked man acting aggressively against God as if he were running towards him to attack him. Alternate translation: “attacks God” or “acts violently against God”
|
||||
15:26 b87u with a thick shield 0 Alternate translation: “with his strong shield”
|
||||
15:27 uc39 This is true 0 “This” refers to the wicked man running at God from the previous verse.
|
||||
15:27 db71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony he has covered his face with his fat and gathered fat on his loins 0 This wicked man is described as fat and weak, while believing himself to be strong enough to defeat God. Alternate translation: “he is weak with a fat face and fat loins”
|
||||
15:28 ki37 which no man inhabits 0 Alternate translation: “which are abandoned”
|
||||
15:28 r6h8 heaps 0 piles of useless things
|
||||
15:29 r891 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes He will not be rich; his wealth will not last 0 These two litotes express that he will be the opposite of rich, that he will be poor. Alternate translation: “he will be poor; all his money will disappear”
|
||||
15:30 jpq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of darkness 0 Darkness here represents death. Alternate translation: “out of the darkness of death”
|
||||
15:30 pm4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a flame will dry up his stalks 0 Here the flame represents God’s judgment and the drying up of his stalks represents either the fact that his possessions disappear, or that he will die. Alternate translation: “God will take everything he owns away, like a fire dries out the moist branches of a tree”
|
||||
15:30 a9ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the breath of God’s mouth 0 Here God’s “breath” represents his judgement. Alternate translation: “God’s breath” or “God’s judgment”
|
||||
15:30 rxv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism he will go away 0 This refers to him dying. Alternate translation: “he will die”
|
||||
15:31 lr37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis for uselessness will be his reward 0 This is implied that this is what will happen if he trusts in useless things. Alternate translation: “for if he trusts in them, uselessness will be his reward”
|
||||
15:32 s26k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his branch will not be green 0 This speaks of the man looking pale and dead as if he were a dried out stalk or tree branch. Alternate translation: “he will look dead, just like the branch of a dead tree does not look green”
|
||||
15:33 nci7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism He will drop his … he will cast off his 0 These two lines give a similar image, which is repeated to emphasize that this will surely happen.
|
||||
15:33 beb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will drop his unripe grapes like a grapevine 0 This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were a grapevine dropping unripe grapes. Alternate translation: “Just like a grapevine drops its unripe grapes, so the wicked man will drop his strength”
|
||||
15:33 g676 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will cast off his flowers like the olive tree 0 This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were an olive tree dropping its flowers. Alternate translation: “just like an olive tree loses its flowers, so the wicked man will lose his strength”
|
||||
15:34 rr5n the company of godless people 0 Alternate translation: “the group of godless people”
|
||||
15:34 v3q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession fire will consume their tents of bribery 0 The phrase “tents of bribery” means that the wicked people bought these tents with the money they made by bribery. Alternate translation: “the tents they bought with their bribes will be burned by fire”
|
||||
15:35 x22k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism They conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity; their womb conceives deceit 0 The same thought is repeated three times to emphasize how much evil these people produce. This speaks of a person planning to do evil things and doing them as if the person were conceiving and giving birth to these things as a woman conceives and gives birth to a child. Alternate translation: “They plan to cause mischief and do evil things; they are always planning to deceive others” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
15:35 u7sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche their womb conceives 0 Here the “womb” is used to refer to the person to emphasize conception, as it is in the womb that conception takes place. Alternate translation: “they conceive”
|
||||
11:intro m1vt 0 # Job 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Job’s friend Zophar responds to what Job said in chapters 9 and 10.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem.\n\n## Translation issues in this chapter\n\n### Zophar answering Job with his own words\n\n- In [9:12](../09/12.md), Job asked about God, when suggesting that God might act cruelly, “Who will turn him back?” Zophar says in his response in [11:10](../11/10.md), answering Job in his own words to insist that God actually acts justly,”Who will turn him back?”\n\n- In [10:15](../10/15.md), Job says that he will not lift his head, he will continue to act ashamed, because God is punishing him even though he is innocent. Zophar says in response in [11:15](../11/15.md) that if Job repents and prays for forgiveness, he will be able to lift up his face without any shame.\n\n- In [10:22](../10/2.md), Job says that he will die and go to a place of complete darkness. Zophar says in response in [11:17](../11/17.md) that Job’s life may seem like darkness now but it will become bright and happy if he turns to God.\n\nTo help your readers appreciate how Zophar is answering Job with his own words, you may wish to translate Zophar’s expressions in these places in the same way that you translated Job’s similar expressions earlier. Notes will suggest ways to do this.## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn many places in this chapter, Zophar uses the question form in order to challenge Job. Your language might not use the question form for that purpose. Notes will suggest other ways to translate these questions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
11:2 ua2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הֲרֹ֣ב דְּ֭בָרִים לֹ֣א יֵעָנֶ֑ה וְאִם־אִ֖ישׁ שְׂפָתַ֣יִם יִצְדָּֽק 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Will no one answer the multitude of words? Or will anyone justify a man of lips?”
|
||||
11:2 cq18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲרֹ֣ב דְּ֭בָרִים לֹ֣א יֵעָנֶ֑ה וְאִם־אִ֖ישׁ שְׂפָתַ֣יִם יִצְדָּֽק 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “The multitude of words must be answered! A man of lips will not be justified!”
|
||||
11:2 j348 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הֲרֹ֣ב דְּ֭בָרִים לֹ֣א יֵעָנֶ֑ה 1 Zophar is using the term **words** by association to mean what Job has just said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I must respond to the many things that you have just said”
|
||||
11:2 j349 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְאִם־אִ֖ישׁ שְׂפָתַ֣יִם יִצְדָּֽק 1 Zophar is using the word **if** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “A man of lips will not be justified, will he”
|
||||
11:2 j350 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְאִם־אִ֖ישׁ שְׂפָתַ֣יִם יִצְדָּֽק 1 Zophar is using the term **lips** by association to mean talking, since people use their lips when they talk. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Or is a man justified because he talks so much about being righteous” or “A man will not be justified because he talks so much about being righteous, will he”
|
||||
11:2 j351 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְאִם־אִ֖ישׁ שְׂפָתַ֣יִם יִצְדָּֽק 1 In this speech, Zophar is responding to Job, and he will address him directly as “you” in the rest of the speech. But here at the start he is speaking about Job in the third person, even though he is actually speaking to Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the second person. Alternate translation: “Or will you be justified by talking so much about being righteous”
|
||||
11:3 kgu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion בַּ֭דֶּיךָ מְתִ֣ים יַחֲרִ֑ישׁו וַ֝תִּלְעַ֗ג וְאֵ֣ין מַכְלִֽם 1 Zophar is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “Your boastings should not make people silent! Someone should shame you for mocking!”
|
||||
11:3 s3am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֝תִּלְעַ֗ג 1 Zophar means implicitly that Job has been mocking God. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Or will you mock God”
|
||||
11:4 j352 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֭תֹּאמֶר זַ֣ךְ לִקְחִ֑י וּ֝בַ֗ר הָיִ֥יתִי בְעֵינֶֽיךָ 1 Zophar means implicitly that Job has said these things to God. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “For you have said to God, ‘My doctrine is pure, and I am clean in your eyes.’”
|
||||
11:4 j353 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַ֭תֹּאמֶר זַ֣ךְ לִקְחִ֑י וּ֝בַ֗ר הָיִ֥יתִי בְעֵינֶֽיךָ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “For you have told God that your doctrine is pure and that you are clean in his eyes”
|
||||
11:4 k2le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זַ֣ךְ לִקְחִ֑י וּ֝בַ֗ר הָיִ֥יתִי 1 Zophar says that Job has spoken as if his **doctrine** were literally **pure** and his conduct was literally **clean**, that is, not physically dirty. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My doctrine is correct, and I am righteous”
|
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11:4 e56u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְעֵינֶֽיךָ 1 Zophar is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents attention, perspective, and judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your perspective”
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11:5 j354 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְֽאוּלָ֗ם מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן אֱל֣וֹהַּ דַּבֵּ֑ר וְיִפְתַּ֖ח שְׂפָתָ֣יו עִמָּֽךְ 1 The question **who will give** introduces a wish. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this question as a statement or exclamation expressing a wish, beginning here and continuing into the start of the next verse. Alternate translation: “I wish that God would speak and open his lips against you”
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11:5 j355 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וְֽאוּלָ֗ם מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן אֱל֣וֹהַּ דַּבֵּ֑ר וְיִפְתַּ֖ח שְׂפָתָ֣יו עִמָּֽךְ 1 The expressions **speak** and **open his lips** mean similar things. Zophar is using the two expressions together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I dearly wish that God would tell you that you are wrong”
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11:5 ii56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְיִפְתַּ֖ח שְׂפָתָ֣יו 1 Zophar is using the first part of the talking process, opening one’s **lips**, to mean the entire process of talking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and talk”
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11:6 ca7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְיַגֶּד־לְךָ֨ ׀ תַּֽעֲלֻמ֣וֹת חָכְמָה֮ 1 If you translated the beginning of this sentence in the previous verse as a statement or exclamation, translate the end of the sentence here in the same way. Alternate translation: “and declare to you the secrets of wisdom!”
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11:6 j356 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־כִפְלַ֪יִם לְֽת֫וּשִׁיָּ֥ה 1 By **it**, Zophar implicitly means God’s wisdom, and by **understanding**, he means Job’s understanding. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “God’s wisdom is double to your understanding” or “God’s wisdom is twice as great as your understanding”
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11:6 j357 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כִּֽי־כִפְלַ֪יִם לְֽת֫וּשִׁיָּ֥ה 1 By the expression **double**, Zophar actually means much greater. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God’s wisdom is far greater than your understanding”
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11:6 qjk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַשֶּׁ֥ה לְךָ֥ אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַ מֵעֲוֺנֶֽךָ 1 Zophar is speaking as if God were literally **forgetting** some of Job’s **iniquity**. He means that God is overlooking some of the sins that Job has committed and so not punishing him for all of them. Zophar is not suggesting that there are limits to God’s knowledge or memory. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God is overlooking some of your iniquity” or “God is not punishing you for all of your sins”
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11:7 tvp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַחֵ֣קֶר אֱל֣וֹהַ תִּמְצָ֑א 1 Zophar is using the word **find** to mean “understand” and the word “searching” to mean contemplation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Will you understand God through contemplation?”
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11:7 j358 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַחֵ֣קֶר אֱל֣וֹהַ תִּמְצָ֑א 1 Zophar is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You will not find God by searching!” or “You cannot understand God through contemplation!”
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11:7 j359 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִ֤ם עַד־תַּכְלִ֖ית שַׁדַּ֣י תִּמְצָֽא 1 Zophar is using the word **if** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. (And once again he is using the word **find** to mean “understand.”) If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “You will never understand Shaddai unto perfection, will you?”
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11:7 j360 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִ֤ם עַד־תַּכְלִ֖ית שַׁדַּ֣י תִּמְצָֽא 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **perfection**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “You will never understand Shaddai perfectly, will you?”
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11:7 j361 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִ֤ם עַד־תַּכְלִ֖ית שַׁדַּ֣י תִּמְצָֽא 1 Zophar is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You will never understand Shaddai perfectly!”
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11:8 n8yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis גָּבְהֵ֣י שָׁ֭מַיִם מַה־תִּפְעָ֑ל עֲמֻקָּ֥ה מִ֝שְּׁא֗וֹל מַה־תֵּדָֽע 1 Zophar is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “The height of God’s wisdom is the same as the height of the heavens! What will you do to understand it? The depth of God’s wisdom is deeper than Sheol! What will you know about it?”
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11:8 jhq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism גָּבְהֵ֣י שָׁ֭מַיִם מַה־תִּפְעָ֑ל עֲמֻקָּ֥ה מִ֝שְּׁא֗וֹל מַה־תֵּדָֽע 1 Zophar is using the highest and lowest points of creation, **the heavens** and **Sheol**, to mean them and everything in between, that is, all of creation. This could mean: (1) that God’s wisdom is completely comprehensive, as if it were literally very high and very deep. Alternate translation: “God’s wisdom is completely comprehensive! What will you do? What will you know?” (2) that God’s wisdom comprehends everything in creation. Alternate translation: “God’s wisdom comprehends all of creation! What will you do? What will you know?”
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11:8 y9sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־תִּפְעָ֑ל & מַה־תֵּדָֽע 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “You cannot do anything to understand God’s wisdom! … You cannot know very much about it!”
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11:9 z6cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism אֲרֻכָּ֣ה מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִדָּ֑הּ וּ֝רְחָבָ֗ה מִנִּי־יָֽם 1 Zophar is using the two main components of creation below the heavens and above Sheol, the **earth** and the **sea**, to mean all of creation. This could mean: (1) that God’s wisdom is completely comprehensive, as if it were literally very long and very wide. Alternate translation: “Yes, God’s wisdom is completely comprehensive” (2) that God’s wisdom comprehends everything in creation. Alternate translation: “Yes, God’s wisdom comprehends all of creation”
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11:10 y4fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יַחֲלֹ֥ף 1 The pronoun **he** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God comes”
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11:10 d1jn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְיַסְגִּ֑יר וְ֝יַקְהִ֗יל 1 Zophar is referring implicitly to God assembling a group to hear his accusations against someone and pass judgment on that person. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and imprisons someone and calls an assembly to judge that person”
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11:10 f915 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּמִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “then no one can turn him back”
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11:10 j362 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּמִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:12](../09/12.md). Zophar is using Job’s own words against him, so it may be helpful to your readers to translate this phrase in the same way here. Alternate translation: “then who can stop him?” or “then no one can stop him!”
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11:10 j363 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּמִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ 1 In [9:12](../09/12.md) you may have included the implicit information that Job was saying that no one can stop God by telling him it would be wrong to do something. If so, here you may wish to indicate what Zophar is suggesting in response, that God knows right and wrong so much better than humans that God does not need to listen to humans about what he is doing. Alternate translation: “then who can stop him, since he knows so much better than humans and does not need to listen to them?” or “then no one can stop him, since he knows so much better than humans and does not need to listen to them!”
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11:11 j364 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְתֵי־שָׁ֑וְא 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **worthlessness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “which people are worthless”
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11:11 gdx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וַיַּרְא־אָ֝֗וֶן וְלֹ֣א יִתְבּוֹנָֽן 1 Zophar is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “and he will surely notice iniquity when he sees it”
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11:11 j366 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִתְבּוֹנָֽן 1 The term **notice** implicitly means that God will do more than just take note of **iniquity**. It indicates that God will punish people for committing **iniquity**. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “punish people for it”
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11:12 jlz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony וְאִ֣ישׁ נָ֭בוּב יִלָּבֵ֑ב וְעַ֥יִר פֶּ֝֗רֶא אָדָ֥ם יִוָּלֵֽד 1 For emphasis, Zophar is saying the opposite what he means. The **colt of a wild donkey** will never be **born to a man**, and so, Zophar means, an **empty man** will never **get a heart**, that is, become wise. If a speaker of your language would not say the opposite of what he means for emphasis, in your translation you could indicate what Zophar actually means. Alternate translation: “But an empty man will never get a heart, any more than the colt of a wild donkey would ever be born to a man”
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11:12 j367 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאִ֣ישׁ נָ֭בוּב 1 Zophar is speaking as if a **man** could literally be **empty** or hollow inside. He means that such a person lacks wisdom. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “But an empty-headed man” or “But a man who lacks wisdom”
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11:12 e8e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִלָּבֵ֑ב 1 Here the **heart** represents a person’s thoughts, so that to **get a heart** means to become wise. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will become wise”
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11:12 j368 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְעַ֥יִר פֶּ֝֗רֶא אָדָ֥ם יִוָּלֵֽד 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and a man will be the father of a wild-donkey colt”
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11:13 j369 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אִם־אַ֭תָּ֗ה הֲכִינ֣וֹתָ לִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 For emphasis, Zophar is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already present in the verb **prepare**. Zophar is drawing a contrast between what he is suggesting here that Job might do and what the “empty man” he described in the previous verse would not be able to do. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “But as for you, if you prepare”
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11:13 k56l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִם־אַ֭תָּ֗ה הֲכִינ֣וֹתָ לִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 In this instance, the **heart** represents a person’s will. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If you resolve to trust God”
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11:13 mm3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֖ אֵלָ֣יו כַּפֶּֽךָ 1 Zophar is suggesting that Job might **stretch out** his **hands** to God as symbolic action in order to assume a posture of prayer. You may be able to describe your own culture’s posture of prayer in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “and bow your head to him” or “and pray to him”
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11:14 t8z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִם־אָ֣וֶן בְּ֭יָדְךָ הַרְחִיקֵ֑הוּ 1 Zophar is speaking as if **iniquity** were literally an object that Job could be holding in his **hand** and that Job could **put … far away**. Zophar means that Job might be committing iniquity and that if he has, he should stop. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if you have been committing iniquity, stop doing that”
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11:14 u5ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְאַל־תַּשְׁכֵּ֖ן בְּאֹהָלֶ֣יךָ עַוְלָֽה 1 Zophar is speaking of **unrighteousness** as if it were a living thing that could **dwell** in the same **tents** in which Job and his household are living. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. The word **tents** could be: (1) an image for Job’s whole life. Alternate translation: “yes, be sure that you are not practicing any unrighteousness” (2) a reference to Job’s household. Alternate translation: “and be sure that no one in your household is practicing any unrighteousness”
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11:14 j370 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְאַל־תַּשְׁכֵּ֖ן בְּאֹהָלֶ֣יךָ עַוְלָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **unrighteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “yes, be sure that you are not doing anything that is not righteous”
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11:15 db84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction תִּשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֣יךָ מִמּ֑וּם 1 Zophar is suggesting that Job would be able to **lift** his **face** without being concerned that any **blemish** would show as symbolic action to indicate that he was not ashamed of anything. Job said in [10:15](../10/15.md) that he could not do this, and so Zophar is answering Job with his own words. To help your readers appreciate what Zophar is doing, you could translate this expression similarly to the way you translated the comparable expression in [10:15](../10/15.md). Alternate translation: “you will no longer need to look down in shame”
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11:15 j371 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִמּ֑וּם 1 Zophar is speaking as if Job might literally have a **blemish** on his face and that it would go away if Job prayed to God. The blemish actually represents a cause for shame. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “without feeling any shame”
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11:15 j372 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהָיִ֥יתָ מֻ֝צָ֗ק 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, the context suggests that it will be God. Alternate translation: “and God will establish you”
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11:15 j373 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹ֣א תִירָֽא 1 Zophar seems to mean implicitly that Job will not have to **fear** any further punishment from God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will not be afraid that God will punish you any more”
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11:16 x6vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּמַ֖יִם עָבְר֣וּ תִזְכֹּֽר 1 The point of this comparison is that just as **waters pass by** (flowing down a river, for example) and are gone, so Job’s **trouble** will be gone and he will not **remember** it at all. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “you will not remember it at all, just as the water in a river flows by and is never seen again”
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11:17 j374 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּֽ֭מִצָּהֳרַיִם יָק֣וּם חָ֑לֶד 1 Zophar is using the term **noon** by association to mean the sun at noon, that is, the sun when it is highest and brightest in the sky. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And life will arise higher than the noonday sun”
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11:17 dkt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּֽ֭מִצָּהֳרַיִם יָק֣וּם חָ֑לֶד 1 Zophar is speaking of Job’s **life** as if it were literally an object like the sun that could **arise** into the sky. By saying that Job’s life will rise into the sky even higher than the sun at noon, he means that it will be very bright. The brightness, in turn, represents happy thriving. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And your life will become very happy again, as if it were brighter than the noonday sun”
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11:17 dua9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תָּ֝עֻ֗פָה כַּבֹּ֥קֶר תִּהְיֶֽה 1 In a poetic parallel, Zophar is once again using light, in this instance the light of **dawn**, to represent happiness, by contrast with Job’s present misery, which Zophar represents as **darkness**. Zophar is once again answering Job with his own words. The term translated **darkness** here is from the same root as the term that the ULT translates as “obscurity” in [10:22](../10/22.md). To help your readers appreciate what Zophar is doing, you could translate the term here the same way you translated it there. Alternate translation: “yes, the misery of your life that feels like obscurity now will change into happiness, just as dawn changes darkness into light”
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11:18 iqu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝חָפַרְתָּ֗ 1 Zophar means implicitly that Job will **look around** and see that there is no danger. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and you will look around and see that there is no danger”
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11:18 f1be rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לָבֶ֥טַח תִּשְׁכָּֽב 1 Zophar is referring implicitly to when Job would **lie down** to sleep at night. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Your language may have its own expression that you can use here in your translation. Alternate translation: “and you will lie down to sleep in safety” or “and you will go to bed in safety”
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11:18 hc18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לָבֶ֥טַח תִּשְׁכָּֽב 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **safety**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and you will lie down safely”
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11:19 fm2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְֽ֭רָבַצְתָּ 1 Zophar once again means implicitly that Job would **recline** to sleep at night. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yes, you will lie down to sleep for the night”
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11:19 j375 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְחִלּ֖וּ פָנֶ֣יךָ רַבִּֽים 1 Zophar is speaking as if **many** people would literally **stroke** Job’s **face**, as someone would do who was trying to make someone else favorable to him. Zophar means that Job would become influential again and people would seek his favor. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “many people will seek your favor”
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11:20 s359 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְעֵינֵ֥י רְשָׁעִ֗ים תִּ֫כְלֶ֥ינָה 1 Zophar is referring to death by association with the way people’s eyes **fail** when they are about to die (either in the sense of becoming visibly dim or in the sense of no longer seeing well). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But the wicked will die”
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11:20 j376 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּ֭מָנוֹס אָבַ֣ד מִנְהֶ֑ם 1 Zophar is speaking of **escape** as if it were a living thing that cold **perish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, they will not be able to escape dying”
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11:20 j377 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְ֝תִקְוָתָ֗ם מַֽפַּח־נָֽפֶשׁ 1 Zophar is using the phrase **expiration of breath**, which means “breathing out,” to mean “die.” This is a mild way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “they will have no hope other than to pass away” or “they will have no hope other than to die”
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12:intro u4jn 0 # Job 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is the start of Job’s response to Zophar’s first speech. (Job’s response to him continues in chapters 13 and 14.)\n- Verses 1–6: Job speaks to all three of his friends and protests that they have not been telling him anything that he does not already know\n- Verses 7–12: Job speaks specifically to Zophar and insists that what Zophar has just said in his speech is common knowledge in the world and something that he knows himself.\n- Verses 13–25: Job describes how God is so powerful that no one can resist what he does.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem.\n\n## Translation issues in this chapter\n\n### Plural and singular “you”\n\nThe pronoun “you” is plural in verses 1–3 because Job is addressing all three of his friends. The pronoun “you” is singular in verses 7–8 because Job is addressing Zophar. Use the plural and singular forms in these places if your language marks that distinction.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Litany\n\nIn verses 5–10, Job makes a series of statements about how powerful God is. These specific statements illustrate the general statement that Job makes in verse 4 that God is “wise in heart and mighty in strength.” A series of statements such as this is known as a litany. If your readers would recognize what Job is doing, you can translate and format this litany the way the ULT does. If the litany form would not be familiar to your readers, you could format the general statement in a way that will show that it is a summary statement that shows the overall meaning of what Job is saying. You could then put each sentence of the litany on a separate line. The format might look something like this:\n> With him {are} wisdom and might; to him {are} counsel and understanding.\n> Behold, he breaks down, and it is not rebuilt; he closes upon a man, and it is not opened.\n> Behold, he withholds the waters and they dry up, and he sends them out and they overthrow the land.\n> With him {are} strength and prudence; to him {are} the one straying and the one causing to stray;\n> the one leading counselors away naked, and he makes judges foolish.\n> He removes the bond of kings and he wraps a cloth around their loins;\n> the one leading priests away naked, and the incumbent ones he overthrows,\n> the one removing the lip {that is} to the ones being trusted, and he takes away the discernment of the elders,\n> the one pouring contempt on princes, and the belt of the mighty ones he loosens,\n> the one revealing deep things out of darkness, and he brings dark shadow into the light,\n> the one magnifying nations, and he destroys them; the one enlarging nations, and he exiles them,\n> the one removing a heart from the leaders of the people of the earth; he causes them to wander in a wasteland {with} no path.\n> They grope in darkness and not in light; he makes them wander like a drunkard.
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12:2 dpz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony אָ֭מְנָם כִּ֣י אַתֶּם־עָ֑ם וְ֝עִמָּכֶ֗ם תָּמ֥וּת חָכְמָֽה 1 For emphasis, Job is saying the opposite what he means. If a speaker of your language would not do this, in your translation you could indicate what Job actually means. Alternate translation: “You are speaking as if you are the people and as if wisdom will die with you, but that is not true”
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12:2 dk3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אַתֶּם־עָ֑ם 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **you** is plural here and in the next two verses because Job is referring to his three friends. So use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Other languages may have other ways to indicate the plural reference. Alternate translation: “the three of you are the people”
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12:2 xl1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אַתֶּם־עָ֑ם 1 Job could be saying (while meaning the opposite): (1) that his three friends are so wise that their opinion is the one that really matters. Alternate translation: “you are the people whose opinion matters” (2) that in their counsel, his three friends are embodying the collective wisdom of their people. Alternate translation: “you have expressed the wisdom of our whole people”
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12:2 j378 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ֝עִמָּכֶ֗ם תָּמ֥וּת חָכְמָֽה 1 Job is speaking of **wisdom** as if it were a living thing that could **die**. He is saying (while meaning the opposite) that his friends are the only people who are truly wise and so there will be no wisdom left on earth once they die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “indeed, you are the only wise people on earth”
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12:3 j379 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor גַּם־לִ֤י לֵבָ֨ב ׀ כְּֽמוֹכֶ֗ם 1 Here, the **heart** figuratively represents the thoughts, and in this context, specifically wise thoughts. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have wisdom just as you do”
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12:3 j380 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹא־נֹפֵ֣ל אָנֹכִ֣י מִכֶּ֑ם 1 Job is using this expression to mean that he is not inferior to his friends. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I do not fall short of you” or “I am not inferior to you”
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12:3 kd9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְאֶת־מִי־אֵ֥ין כְּמוֹ־אֵֽלֶּה 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Indeed, such things as these are with everyone”
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12:3 j381 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְאֶת־מִי־אֵ֥ין כְּמוֹ־אֵֽלֶּה 1 Job is using this expression to mean that everyone knows the things that his friends have been saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And everyone knows such things as these” or “And everyone knows the things that you have been saying”
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12:4 qdq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person שְׂחֹ֤ק לְרֵעֵ֨הוּ ׀ אֶֽהְיֶ֗ה קֹרֵ֣א לֶ֭אֱלוֹהַּ וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֑הוּ 1 Job is actually using the pronouns **him** and **his** to refer to himself. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this using first-person pronouns. Alternate translation: “Even though God used to answer me when I called on him, now I have become laughter to my neighbor”
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12:4 f67d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׂחֹ֤ק 1 Job is using the term **laughter** by association to mean an object of laughter, that is, of derision. Your language may have an expression that you can use in your translation to convey this meaning. Alternate translation: “a laughingstock”
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12:4 j382 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis שְׂ֝ח֗וֹק צַדִּ֥יק תָּמִֽים 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “I, a just and blameless man, have become a laughingstock!”
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12:5 cg28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj בּ֭וּז 1 Job is using the adjective **secure** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are secure”
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12:5 z8za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נָ֝כ֗וֹן לְמ֣וֹעֲדֵי רָֽגֶל 1 Job is speaking of certain people as if their **feet** were literally **slipping** and they were about to fall down. Job is likely describing people who are struggling with difficulties, and he is saying that people who are **secure** believe that they are struggling because God is punishing them for their sins. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “They believe that when people struggle in life, that is because God is punishing them for their sins”
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12:5 j6ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis נָ֝כ֗וֹן 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “They think that it is prepared”
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12:5 j383 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נָ֝כ֗וֹן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They think that God has prepared it”
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12:6 j384 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יִשְׁלָ֤יוּ אֹֽהָלִ֨ים ׀ לְשֹׁ֥דְדִ֗ים 1 Job is speaking of the **tents** of these **robbers** as if they were living things that could **prosper**. By referring to one valuable possession of the robbers, Job means that the robbers themselves prosper. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Robbers live in prosperity”
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12:6 j385 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural וּֽ֭בַטֻּחוֹת 1 Job is using the plural form **securities** to indicate that these **provokers of God** experience security to a supreme extent. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “and complete security is”
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12:6 j8fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לַאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵבִ֖יא אֱל֣וֹהַּ בְּיָדֽוֹ 1 Here, **hand** represents the power and control that a person has over something. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “to the person who thinks that he has God in his pocket” or “to the person who thinks he has more control over his life than God does”
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12:7-8 c1y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge 0 In [11:9](../11/09.md), Zophar used the two main components of creation, the earth and the sea, to mean all of creation. Here in [12:7–8](../07/08.md), Job is responding to Zophar by using the inhabitants of three components of creation (the **beasts** of the land, the **birds of the heavens**, and the **fish of the sea**) and the **earth** itself similarly to mean all of creation, more emphatically. To show this contrast, you could create a verse bridge for verses 7–8. It might say something like this: “You can go anywhere in creation and ask a creature—even ask the earth itself—about God’s ways, and that creature will be able to explain them to you”
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12:7 de2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative וְֽאוּלָ֗ם שְׁאַל־נָ֣א בְהֵמ֣וֹת וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּ וְע֥וֹף הַ֝שָּׁמַ֗יִם וְיַגֶּד־לָֽךְ 1 Job is using an imperative sentence to tell the condition under which something would happen. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate this as a conditional sentence. Alternate translation: “But now if you asked the beasts, then she would teach you, and if you asked the birds of the heavens, then he would declare to you”
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12:7 j496 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְֽאוּלָ֗ם שְׁאַל־נָ֣א בְהֵמ֣וֹת וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּ וְע֥וֹף הַ֝שָּׁמַ֗יִם וְיַגֶּד־לָֽךְ 1 Job is speaking as if Zophar could literally have a conversation with **beasts** and **birds**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If you actually could ask the beasts, she would teach you, and if you actually could ask the birds of the heavens, he would declare to you”
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12:7 t82w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וְֽאוּלָ֗ם שְׁאַל־נָ֣א 1 The pronoun **you** and the implied “you” in the imperative verb (**ask**) are singular here and in the next verse because Job is speaking directly to one of his friends. So use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Job is probably addressing Zophar, since he said in [11:8–9](../11/08.md) that Job could search through all of creation and still not comprehend the wisdom of God. Job is saying in response that God’s ways are common knowledge to animals and birds. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that in your translation. Alternate translation: “But now, Zophar, ask”
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12:7 ee93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּ & וְיַגֶּד־לָֽךְ 1 If it would not be natural in your language to use the singular pronouns **she** and **he** to refer back to the plural terms **beasts** and **birds**, you could use a different construction in your translation. Alternate translation: “and one of them will teach you … and one of them will declare to you”
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12:7 j386 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּ & וְיַגֶּד־לָֽךְ 1 Job means implicitly that the **beasts** and **birds** would **teach** and **declare** God’s ways. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and one of them will teach you God’s ways … and one of them will declare God’s ways to you”
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12:7 j387 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְע֥וֹף הַ֝שָּׁמַ֗יִם 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “ask the birds of the heavens”
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12:8 k4ca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative א֤וֹ שִׂ֣יחַ לָאָ֣רֶץ וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּ וִֽיסַפְּר֥וּ לְ֝ךָ֗ דְּגֵ֣י הַיָּֽם 1 Job is using an imperative sentence to tell the condition under which something would happen. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate this as a conditional sentence. Alternate translation: “Or if you spoke to the earth, then it would teach you; the fish of the sea would recount to you”
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12:8 g5xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification א֤וֹ שִׂ֣יחַ לָאָ֣רֶץ וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּ וִֽיסַפְּר֥וּ לְ֝ךָ֗ דְּגֵ֣י הַיָּֽם 1 Job is continuing to speak as if Zophar could literally have a conversation with the **earth** and with **fish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If you could actually speak to the earth, it would teach you. If you could have a conversation with the fish of the sea, they would recount to you”
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12:8 j388 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּ וִֽיסַפְּר֥וּ לְ֝ךָ֗ דְּגֵ֣י הַיָּֽם 1 Once again Job means implicitly that the **earth** and the **fish** would **teach** and **recount** God’s ways. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and it will teach you God’s ways; the fish of the sea will recount God’s ways to you”
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12:8 bjf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וִֽיסַפְּר֥וּ לְ֝ךָ֗ דְּגֵ֣י הַיָּֽם 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “or ask the fish of the sea, and they will recount to you”
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12:9 hu2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִ֭י לֹא־יָדַ֣ע בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֥י יַד־יְ֝הוָה עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּֽאת\n\n 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “All of these know that the hand of Yahweh has done this!”
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12:9 j389 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מִ֭י לֹא־יָדַ֣ע בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה 1 Job is speaking of the creatures he described in the previous two verses as if they could **know** what Yahweh has done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Which of all these creatures could not tell you, if you could actually have a conversation with them,”
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12:9 tht3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יַד־יְ֝הוָה עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּֽאת 1 Here, **hand** represents the power and control that someone has over something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh has done this by his own power”
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12:9 j390 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּֽאת 1 In context, the word **this** likely refers to the misfortune that Job is suffering. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “has caused my misfortune”
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12:10 tx1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ֭יָדוֹ 1 Here, **hand** represents the power and control that someone has over something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who has power over”
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12:10 j391 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ֝ר֗וּחַ כָּל־בְּשַׂר־אִֽישׁ 1 In this instance, Job is using the word **and** to emphasize something that is included in the previous phrase, not to introduce something additional. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation, preceded by a comma: “including the breath of all flesh of man”
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12:10 s1sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝ר֗וּחַ כָּל־בְּשַׂר־אִֽישׁ 1 Job is using the term **breath** by association to mean “life.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the life of all flesh of man”
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12:10 j392 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ֝ר֗וּחַ כָּל־בְּשַׂר־אִֽישׁ 1 Job is using one part of **man**, his **flesh**, to mean all of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the life of every man”
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12:10 j393 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ֝ר֗וּחַ כָּל־בְּשַׂר־אִֽישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Job is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “and the life of every woman and man” or “and the life of every person”
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12:11 j394 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases הֲלֹא־אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ אֹ֣כֶל יִטְעַם־לֽוֹ 1 In this instance, Job is using the word **and** to say that the phrase it introduces is just as true as the previous phrase. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “Does not the ear test words, just as the palate tastes its food?”
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12:11 d5vn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲלֹא־אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ אֹ֣כֶל יִטְעַם־לֽוֹ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Certainly the ear tests words, just as the palate tastes its food!”
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12:11 j395 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הֲלֹא־אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן 1 Job is speaking of the **ear** as if it could **test words** by itself. He is using the ear to represent hearing and he means that people themselves test or consider the words of others when they hear them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do people not consider others’ words when they hear them” or “People consider others’ words when they hear them”
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12:11 j396 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הֲלֹא־אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן 1 Job is using the term **words** to mean what people say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what people say”
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12:11 j397 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֲלֹא־אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן 1 Though Job is making a general statement, he is referring implicitly to what his friends have said to him and what he has decided about it. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I have heard what you have said and I have considered it and decided that it is not true”
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12:11 j398 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ אֹ֣כֶל יִטְעַם־לֽוֹ 1 Job is speaking of the **palate** or mouth as if it could **taste** by itself. He means that with their mouths, people discern the taste of the food that they eat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “just as people discern with their mouths the taste of their food”
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12:12 j399 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּֽישִׁישִׁ֥ים חָכְמָ֑ה וְאֹ֖רֶךְ יָמִ֣ים תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Though Job is making another general statement in this verse, he is referring implicitly to himself as someone who has acquired much wisdom through long experience. The further implication is that although Zophar challenged him in [11:8](../11/8.md) by asking, “What will you know?” Job is insisting here that he actually does know a lot about life. You could indicate these things in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I have lived a long time and I have acquired much wisdom through experience, so I actually do know a lot about life”
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12:12 v4ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns With the aged {is} wisdom 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “The aged are wise”
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12:12 j400 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj With the aged 1 Job is using the adjective **aged** as a noun to mean people of a certain kind. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “With aged people” or “With older people”
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12:12 lhn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and in length of days {is} understanding 1 The expression **length of days** means a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, people who have lived a long life have understanding”
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12:13 mmb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns With him & to him 1 The pronoun **him** refers in each instance to God. Job is no longer referring to an “aged” person, as in the previous verse. Instead, he is describing what he knows about God as someone who has lived a long time and acquired much wisdom. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “I know that God has wisdom and might; I know that God has counsel and understanding”
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12:13 tw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עִ֭מּוֹ חָכְמָ֣ה וּגְבוּרָ֑ה ל֝֗וֹ עֵצָ֥ה וּתְבוּנָֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **wisdom**, **might**, **counsel**, and **understanding**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “God is wise and mighty; he understands everything and knows what to do”
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12:13 j401 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עִ֭מּוֹ חָכְמָ֣ה וּגְבוּרָ֑ה ל֝֗וֹ עֵצָ֥ה וּתְבוּנָֽה 1 As the following verses make clear, Job is saying implicitly that these qualities belong to God alone and that God does not share them with humans. In that sense, while it sounds as if Job is praising God, at the same time, Job is also complaining somewhat about God. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “God has so much knowledge and power that no human can resist him; God does not explain to anyone how he understands a situation or what he is going to do about it”
|
||||
12:14 j402 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases יַ֭הֲרוֹס וְלֹ֣א יִבָּנֶ֑ה יִסְגֹּ֥ר עַל־אִ֝֗ישׁ וְלֹ֣א יִפָּתֵֽחַ 1 In both of these instances, Job is using the word **and** to introduce what happens under the condition he is describing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “if he breaks down, then it is not rebuilt; if he closes upon a man, then it is not opened”
|
||||
12:14 v1pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְלֹ֣א יִבָּנֶ֑ה & וְלֹ֣א יִפָּתֵֽחַ 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and no one rebuilds … and no one opens”
|
||||
12:14 j403 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִסְגֹּ֥ר עַל־אִ֝֗ישׁ וְלֹ֣א יִפָּתֵֽחַ 1 In this context, the expressions **closes upon** and **opened** refer to imprisonment and release. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he imprisons a man, and that man is not released” or “if he imprisons a man, then no one releases that man”
|
||||
12:14 j495 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֝֗ישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Job is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a man or woman” or “a person”
|
||||
12:15 pl3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases הֵ֤ן יַעְצֹ֣ר בַּמַּ֣יִם וְיִבָ֑שׁוּ וִֽ֝ישַׁלְּחֵ֗ם וְיַ֖הַפְכוּ אָֽרֶץ 1 In both of these instances, Job is using the word **and** to introduce what happens under the condition he is describing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “if he withholds the waters, then they dry up; if he sends them out, then they overthrow the land”
|
||||
12:15 rel2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְיַ֖הַפְכוּ אָֽרֶץ 1 Job is speaking as if the **waters** would literally **overthrow** the **land** or turn it upside down. He means that the waters would completely cover the land so that there would be no land any more. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they completely flood the land”
|
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12:16 gqf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עִ֭מּוֹ עֹ֣ז וְתֽוּשִׁיָּ֑ה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **strength** and **prudence**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “God is strong and prudent”
|
||||
12:16 uuh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֹׁגֵ֥ג וּמַשְׁגֶּֽה 1 Job is speaking of people who are not living in the right way as if they were **straying** or going off the path that they should be walking on. He is speaking of people who persuade others to do wrong things as if they were **causing** them to **stray**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who do not live right and those who persuade others not to live right”
|
||||
12:16 j404 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שֹׁגֵ֥ג וּמַשְׁגֶּֽה 1 The implication is that if someone is **straying** or doing wrong, that person cannot excuse his actions by saying that someone else persuaded him to do them. The person who chose to do wrong is accountable to God, and anyone who persuaded him to do those wrong is also accountable to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “those who do wrong and those who persuade them to do wrong are both accountable to God”
|
||||
12:16 j405 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism שֹׁגֵ֥ג וּמַשְׁגֶּֽה 1 Job is using two complementary types of people to mean all people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “everyone is accountable to God for what they do and for what they persuade others to do”
|
||||
12:17 ux12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מוֹלִ֣יךְ יוֹעֲצִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל 1 The pronoun **one** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “God leads counselors away naked”
|
||||
12:17 lk8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction מוֹלִ֣יךְ יוֹעֲצִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל 1 To lead someone away **naked**, as victorious armies did to prisoners of war at this time, was a symbolic action that demonstrated that the conqueror had deprived the captive of his former status in his culture. In the case of a royal **counselor**, his power and authority were previously represented by his robe of office. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “God takes away from counselors the robes that represent the authority and power of their office”
|
||||
12:17 j406 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מוֹלִ֣יךְ יוֹעֲצִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל 1 Job is speaking as if God literally leads **counselors** away **naked**. He means that God’s wisdom is so great that it discredits the wisdom of even the wisest humans, as if to put them out of office. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God’s wisdom is so great that it discredits the wisdom of even the wisest humans”
|
||||
12:17 uu39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְֽשֹׁפְטִ֥ים יְהוֹלֵֽל 1 The implication is probably that God makes **judges** seem **foolish** by being so much wiser than they are, not that God affects the minds of judges so that they can no longer think intelligently. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and God makes judges seem foolish by being so much wiser than they are”
|
||||
12:18 j407 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מוּסַ֣ר מְלָכִ֣ים פִּתֵּ֑חַ 1 This could mean implicitly: (1) that **kings** might put a **bond** (that is, shackles) on someone to make him a prisoner, but God can set that person free. Alternate translation: “A king may imprison someone, but God can set that person free” (2) that kings may be wearing some symbol of royal authority as a **bond** (that is, as something bound around their bodies), such as a sash or chain, but God takes away their authority and removes this symbol of it. This meaning would be similar to what Job said in the previous verse about God removing counselors’ robes of authority. Alternate translation: “God strips kings of their royal sashes” or “God removes the chains of royal authority that kings are wearing”
|
||||
12:18 w5lc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction מוּסַ֣ר מְלָכִ֣ים פִּתֵּ֑חַ 1 Whether this refers to God removing shackles from people whom kings have imprisoned or God removing symbols of royal authority that kinds are wearing, it is a symbolic action that demonstrates that God is taking away kings’ authority. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “He takes away kings’ authority”
|
||||
12:18 p4c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיֶּאְסֹ֥ר אֵ֝ז֗וֹר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶֽם 1 To wrap a **cloth** around someone’s **loins** is to make them dress as a slave would. This is a symbolic action that shows that the person has become a slave. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and he turns them into slaves”
|
||||
12:19 mkn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction מוֹלִ֣יךְ כֹּהֲנִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [12:17](../12/17.md).. Alternate translation: “God takes away from priests the robes that represent the authority and power of their office”
|
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12:19 ch3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj וְאֵֽתָנִ֣ים 1 Job is using the adjective **incumbent** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. The term is plural; the ULT shows this by adding the word **one**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “and people who are long established in their positions”
|
||||
12:20 g3na rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֵסִ֣יר שָׂ֭פָה לְנֶאֱמָנִ֑ים 1 Job is using the term **lip** by association to mean speech. He is using speech, in turn, to mean what these **trusted** people say, that is, the advice that they give. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “God discredits the advice of the ones being trusted”
|
||||
12:20 dk1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מֵסִ֣יר שָׂ֭פָה לְנֶאֱמָנִ֑ים 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God discredits the advice of the people in whom kings trust”
|
||||
12:21 l74e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שׁוֹפֵ֣ךְ בּ֭וּז עַל־נְדִיבִ֑ים 1 For emphasis, Job is speaking as if **contempt** were a liquid that God could literally pour on **princes**. He means that God makes these princes lose the respect of others and experience complete contempt from them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in another way. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “God completely disgraces princes”
|
||||
12:21 k6sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּמְזִ֖יחַ אֲפִיקִ֣ים רִפָּֽה 1 Job is speaking as if God literally **loosens** the **belt** of **mighty ones**, that is, as if these mighty people tie up their robes so that they can do strenuous things but God loosens their robes again so that they can not. Job means that God is so strong that when he acts, even the strongest people are shown to be weak by comparison. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and God is so strong that when he acts, even the strongest people are shown to be weak by comparison”
|
||||
12:21 j408 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj אֲפִיקִ֣ים 1 Job is using the adjective **mighty** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. The term is plural; the ULT shows this by adding the word **one**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are mighty”
|
||||
12:22 bqc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְגַלֶּ֣ה עֲ֭מֻקוֹת מִנִּי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיֹּצֵ֖א לָא֣וֹר צַלְמָֽוֶת 1 Job is speaking as if God were literally bringing things that were shrouded in **darkness** into the **light** where they could be seen. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “God reveals deep things that are obscure to humans, yes, he helps people understand things that are unclear”
|
||||
12:22 c31p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְגַלֶּ֣ה עֲ֭מֻקוֹת מִנִּי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ 1 Job is speaking as if things that are difficult to understand are literally **deep**, that is, far underground where people cannot see them or reach them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one revealing the truth about things that are difficult to understand”
|
||||
12:22 j409 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj עֲ֭מֻקוֹת 1 Job is using the adjective **deep** as a noun to mean a certain kind of thing. The term is plural; the ULT shows this by adding the word **things**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “things that are profound”
|
||||
12:24 n4ta rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֵ֭ב 1 Here, the **heart** figuratively represents the thoughts. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “understanding”
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12:24 w1re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗ם בְּתֹ֣הוּ לֹא־דָֽרֶךְ 1 Job is speaking as if God literally makes leaders **wander in a wasteland**. He means that text. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he makes them confused so that they do not know the right thing to do”
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12:25 x7t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְמַֽשְׁשׁוּ־חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וְלֹא־א֑וֹר 1 Job is speaking as if these leaders whose understanding God takes away literally **grope in darkness**, as if there were no **light** by which they could see where to go. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “They are not able to understand what they should do”
|
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12:25 a21u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗ם כַּשִּׁכּֽוֹר 1 The point of this comparison is that just as a **drunkard** will wander in various directions without knowing where he is going, so these leaders will do one thing after another without being able to make a definite correct plan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he makes them act aimlessly, just as a drunkard wanders aimlessly”
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13:intro x1ub 0 # Job 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Zophar’s first speech.\n- Verses 1–19: Job complains to his friends that they have been speaking about him unfairly\n- Verses 20–28: Job begins to plead his case to God. He asks God to stop punishing him and to reveal any sins that are causing God to punish him with such great suffering.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n##Translation issues in this chapter\n\n### singular and plural “you”\n\nThe words “you” and “your” and the implied “you” in imperative verbs are all plural in verses 1–19 because in those verses Job is addressing his three friends. These forms are singular in verses 20–28 because Job is addressing God. If your language marks a distinction between singular and plural “you,” use the appropriate forms in these different parts of the chapter.\n\n### “lift his face” (verse 8), “hide your face” (verse 24)\n\nThese expressions reflect a cultural practice. In this culture, the subject of a king would look humbly down at the ground when he came into the king’s presence. If the king were pleased with him, the king would “lift his face,” that is, get him to look up (for example, with a finger under his chin, or with a verbal command) to indicate that he could look at the king directly. In this way the king would be showing that he favored this subject. A reference to lifting someone’s face came to mean showing favoritism towards that person. That is the meaning in verse 8, where Job says that his friends are not considering his case fairly but instead showing partiality towards God. Similarly, if someone “hid his face” from someone (that is, turned his face away so that he was not looking at the person), that would be a sign that he was not pleased with the person. The expression “hide the face” came to mean “show disfavor,” even if someone was not literally looking away from someone else. That is what Job means in verse 24 when he asks God, “Why do you hide your face?” Notes to these verses suggest ways of translating these expressions.
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13:1 d8w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כֹּ֭ל רָאֲתָ֣ה עֵינִ֑י שָֽׁמְעָ֥ה אָ֝זְנִ֗י וַתָּ֥בֶן לָֽהּ 1 Job is using one part of himself, his **eye**, to mean all of him in the act of seeing, and another part of himself, his **ear**, to mean all of him in the act of hearing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I myself have seen all, yes, I myself have heard and understood it”
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||||
13:1 q1yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֹּ֭ל 1 Job is using the word **all** to mean everything that his friends have told him. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “all that the three of you have told me”
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13:2 cq6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular כְּֽ֭דַעְתְּכֶם & מִכֶּֽם 1 The word **you** is plural here and through verse 13 because Job is addressing his three friends, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
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13:2 j410 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אָ֑נִי & אָנֹכִ֣י 1 For emphasis, Job is stating the pronoun **I**, whose meaning is already present in the verb **know**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “I myself also know”
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13:2 lcm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹא־נֹפֵ֖ל אָנֹכִ֣י מִכֶּֽם 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [12:3](../12/03.md). Alternate translation: “I do not fall short of you” or “I am not inferior to you”
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13:3 mx6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אֲ֭נִי אֶל־שַׁדַּ֣י אֲדַבֵּ֑ר 1 Job is using this future statement to express a wish. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that in your translation. Alternate translation: “I wish to speak with Shaddai” or “I would rather speak with Shaddai”
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||||
13:4 f979 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַתֶּ֥ם טֹֽפְלֵי־שָׁ֑קֶר 1 Job is speaking as if his friends were literally plastering him with a **lie**, that is, coating him with untruth as if they were plastering a surface with it. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “you are smearing me with lies”
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||||
13:4 p89c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֹפְאֵ֖י אֱלִ֣ל כֻּלְּכֶֽם 1 Job is speaking as if his friends were literally doctors or **healers** who were trying to cure him of a disease but were failing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “none of you have helped me at all by what you have said”
|
||||
13:5 gp7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִֽי־יִ֭תֵּן הַחֲרֵ֣שׁ תַּחֲרִישׁ֑וּן 1 See how you translated the expression **Who will give** in [11:5–6](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “I wish that being silent you would be silent!”
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13:5 j411 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication הַחֲרֵ֣שׁ תַּחֲרִישׁ֑וּן 1 Job is repeating a verb that means to **be silent** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “you would be completely silent”
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||||
13:5 t33j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּתְהִ֖י לָכֶ֣ם לְחָכְמָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “That would be the wisest thing you could do”
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||||
13:6 v78i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְרִב֖וֹת שְׂפָתַ֣י הַקְשִֽׁיבוּ 1 Job is using one part of himself, his **lips**, to mean all of him in the act of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and heed the things I am saying as I plead my case”
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||||
13:7 scy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ֭לְאֵל תְּדַבְּר֣וּ עַוְלָ֑ה וְ֝ל֗וֹ תְּֽדַבְּר֥וּ רְמִיָּֽה 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “You have been speaking unrighteously for God! You have been talking deceitfully for him!”
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||||
13:8 x6cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲפָנָ֥יו תִּשָּׂא֑וּן אִם־לָאֵ֥ל תְּרִיבֽוּן 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “You have been lifting his face! You have been pleading for God!”
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||||
13:8 gc76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֲפָנָ֥יו תִּשָּׂא֑וּן 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the expression **lift his face** means to show favor or favoritism towards someone. Alternate translation: “Will you show him favoritism” or “You are showing him favoritism”
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||||
13:8 i61h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לָאֵ֥ל תְּרִיבֽוּן 1 Job is using the word **plead** to mean argue a court case. He is suggesting that his friends are not counseling him impartially but rather taking God’s side against him even though, as he sees it, he has a valid case against God. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “will you take God’s side against me” or “you are taking God’s side against me”
|
||||
13:9 l9wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ֭טוֹב כִּֽי־יַחְקֹ֣ר אֶתְכֶ֑ם אִם־כְּהָתֵ֥ל בֶּ֝אֱנ֗וֹשׁ תְּהָתֵ֥לּוּ בֽוֹ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “It is not good that he will examine you! You will not deceive him as you might deceive a man”
|
||||
13:9 j412 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֲ֭טוֹב כִּֽי־יַחְקֹ֣ר אֶתְכֶ֑ם 1 Job means implicitly that it would not be **good** for his friends if God were to **examine** them because God would discover that they had not been telling the truth about him. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “If God were to examine you, he would discover that you have not been telling the truth about him, and that would not be good for you”
|
||||
13:9 gk9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בֶּ֝אֱנ֗וֹשׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Job is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a man or a woman” or “a human”
|
||||
13:10 j413 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result הוֹכֵ֣חַ יוֹכִ֣יחַ אֶתְכֶ֑ם אִם־בַּ֝סֵּ֗תֶר פָּנִ֥ים תִּשָּׂאֽוּן 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “If in secret you were lifting faces, reproving he would reprove you”
|
||||
13:10 ecs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication הוֹכֵ֣חַ יוֹכִ֣יחַ 1 Job is repeating the verb **reprove** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “He would certainly reprove you”
|
||||
13:10 g5lz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom פָּנִ֥ים תִּשָּׂאֽוּן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:8](../13/08.md). Alternate translation: “you were showing favoritism”
|
||||
13:11 j11v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּ֝פַחְדּ֗וֹ יִפֹּ֥ל עֲלֵיכֶֽם 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “His majesty would certainly terrify you and the dread of him would certainly fall on you!”
|
||||
13:11 e6x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּ֝פַחְדּ֗וֹ יִפֹּ֥ל עֲלֵיכֶֽם 1 Job is speaking of **dread** as if it were a living thing that could actively **fall** on his friends, either in the sense of overwhelming them or of assailing them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and would you not become extremely afraid of him” or “and you would become extremely afraid of him”
|
||||
13:12 s8ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זִֽ֭כְרֹנֵיכֶם מִשְׁלֵי־אֵ֑פֶר 1 Job is speaking as if the **maxims** that his friends have been quoting were literally made of **ashes**. Since, in this culture, garbage was burned into ashes, Job likely means that these **maxims** are worthless, at least as applied to his situation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The memorable proverbs you have been quoting are worthless to me”
|
||||
13:12 brf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְגַבֵּי־חֹ֝֗מֶר גַּבֵּיכֶֽם 1 Job is speaking as if his friends’ **defenses** of God were literally made of **clay**. He likely means that, like clay, they are fragile and would shatter if struck. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “your defenses would crumble if anyone challenged you”
|
||||
13:13 vp1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְיַעֲבֹ֖ר עָלַ֣י מָֽה 1 Job is speaking as if something might literally **come upon** him when he spoke. He means that something might happen to him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I will accept the consequences, whatever they may be”
|
||||
13:14 wk5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion עַל־מָ֤ה ׀ אֶשָּׂ֣א בְשָׂרִ֣י בְשִׁנָּ֑י וְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י אָשִׂ֥ים בְּכַפִּֽי 1 Job is posing to his friends a question whose answer he already knows. He is doing this to introduce the answer. You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Let me tell you why I am taking my flesh in my teeth, yes, putting my life in my hands”
|
||||
13:14 j414 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַל־מָ֤ה ׀ אֶשָּׂ֣א בְשָׂרִ֣י בְשִׁנָּ֑י 1 Job is speaking as if he were literally taking (that is, carrying) his own **flesh** in his **teeth**. The image seems to be that of an animal carrying in its mouth prey that it has caught and killed. Until the animal is able to bring the prey safely into its den, the prey is vulnerable and there is a risk that another animal will come and take it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Why am I putting my flesh at risk”
|
||||
13:14 j415 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עַל־מָ֤ה ׀ אֶשָּׂ֣א בְשָׂרִ֣י בְשִׁנָּ֑י 1 Job is using one part of himself, his **flesh**, to mean all of himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Why am I putting myself at risk” or “I will tell you why I am putting myself at risk”
|
||||
13:14 j416 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י אָשִׂ֥ים בְּכַפִּֽי 1 Job is speaking as if he is literally holding his **life** in his **hands**, where once again it would be vulnerable, as in the preceding image in this verse. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “indeed, jeopardize my life” or, as a statement, “indeed, jeopardizing my life”
|
||||
13:15 j417 rc://*/ta/man/translate/ grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical יִ֭קְטְלֵנִי ל֣וֹ אֲיַחֵ֑ל\n 1 Job is using the statement form to describe a conditional relationship, that is, to say what he would do if God did a specific thing. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “even if he kills me, I will still hope in him”
|
||||
13:15 j418 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּ֝רָכַ֗י 1 Job is speaking of how he has been living as if he had been walking along certain **ways** or paths. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my conduct”
|
||||
13:15 j419 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “in his presence”
|
||||
13:16 e8gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns גַּם־הוּא־לִ֥י לִֽישׁוּעָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **salvation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “This is what will actually save me”
|
||||
13:16 j420 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חָנֵ֥ף 1 Job is using the adjective **godless** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a godless person”
|
||||
13:16 t8zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ֝פָנָ֗יו 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “into his presence”
|
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13:17 z88n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication שִׁמְע֣וּ שָׁ֭מוֹעַ 1 Job is repeating the verb **hear** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Make sure that you hear”
|
||||
13:17 g1xr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝אַֽחֲוָתִ֗י 1 Job is using the term **word** to mean what he is about to say to God in his own defense by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and may what I am about to say”
|
||||
13:17 ppd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝אַֽחֲוָתִ֗י בְּאָזְנֵיכֶֽם 1 Job is using the term **ears** by association to mean hearing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yes, listen carefully to my declaration”
|
||||
13:18 mb7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֲנִ֥י אֶצְדָּֽק 1 For emphasis, Job is stating the pronoun **I**, whose meaning is already present in the verb **am righteous**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “I am certainly righteous” or “I am certainly innocent”
|
||||
13:19 u63c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִי־ה֭וּא יָרִ֣יב עִמָּדִ֑י 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I do not believe that anyone could contend successfully with me”
|
||||
13:19 t9jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּֽי 1 Job is using the word **For** to describe what would happen under the condition he has just described. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “If someone does prove me wrong,”
|
||||
13:19 b4n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְאֶגְוָֽע 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: “and pass away”
|
||||
13:20 j421 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks אַךְ־שְׁ֭תַּיִם 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point in his speech Job stops addressing his three friends and starts addressing God directly. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this by putting a closing quotation mark (or some other punctuation or convention that your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation) at the end of verse 19 and an opening quotation mark (or similar punctuation) at the beginning of this verse.
|
||||
13:20 y87x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אַל־תַּ֣עַשׂ & מִ֝פָּנֶ֗יךָ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **your** and the implied “you” in the imperative **do** are singular here because Job is starting to address God directly. He continues to speak to God for the rest of this chapter and in all of chapter 14. So use singular forms of second-person pronouns and imperatives in your translation from here to the end of chapter 14 if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
13:20 yzd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ֝פָּנֶ֗יךָ 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “from you presence”
|
||||
13:21 l5nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כַּ֭פְּךָ מֵעָלַ֣י הַרְחַ֑ק 1 Here, **hand** represents the power of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Stop using your power to make me suffer”
|
||||
13:21 w19t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝אֵ֥מָתְךָ֗ 1 Job is using the term **fear** by association to mean something that causes a person to feel fear, the awesome presence of God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and with your fearsome presence”
|
||||
13:23 adu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet כַּמָּ֣ה לִ֭י עֲוֺנ֣וֹת וְחַטָּא֑וֹת פִּֽשְׁעִ֥י וְ֝חַטָּאתִ֗י הֹדִיעֵֽנִי 1 While the terms **iniquities**, **sins**, and **transgression** mean similar things, Job is not necessarily using the three terms together for emphasis. There is a slight distinction between the kinds of activities that these terms describe, and Job may be naming these different activities as specific examples of potential wrongdoing in order to represent all types of wrongdoing. To show this, in your translation you could use three different terms that your language may have for wrongdoing. Alternatively, you could express the general meaning. Alternate translation: “Please tell me what crimes or misdeeds or offenses I may have committed” or “Please tell me if I have done wrong in any way”
|
||||
13:24 i7qi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לָֽמָּה־פָנֶ֥יךָ תַסְתִּ֑יר 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the expression **hide your face** means to show disfavor or hostility to someone. Alternate translation: “Why do you treat me with hostility”
|
||||
13:25 xm7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֶעָלֶ֣ה נִדָּ֣ף תַּעֲר֑וֹץ וְאֶת־קַ֖שׁ יָבֵ֣שׁ תִּרְדֹּֽף 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “You do not need to terrify a driven leaf! You do not need to pursue dry stubble!”
|
||||
13:25 j422 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֶעָלֶ֣ה נִדָּ֣ף תַּעֲר֑וֹץ וְאֶת־קַ֖שׁ יָבֵ֣שׁ תִּרְדֹּֽף 1 Job is speaking as if he were literally a **driven leaf** and **dry stubble**. By comparing himself to those things, he is indicating that he is fragile and insignificant and that God does not need to oppose him powerfully. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You do not need to terrify someone who is as fragile as I am! You do not need to pursue someone who is as insignificant as I am!”
|
||||
13:25 j423 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הֶעָלֶ֣ה נִדָּ֣ף 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Job is referring to a leaf that is **driven** by the wind. Alternate translation: “a leaf that the wind is driving” or “a leaf that the wind is blowing about”
|
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13:26 h6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִכְתֹּ֣ב עָלַ֣י מְרֹר֑וֹת 1 Job is speaking as if God were literally writing down charges against him. In this culture, that was the way of formally filing legal charges against someone. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you charge me with bitter crimes”
|
||||
13:26 j424 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִכְתֹּ֣ב עָלַ֣י מְרֹר֑וֹת 1 Job is speaking as if the things that God is holding against him were **bitter** or bad-tasting. He means that they are things that would make someone feel unpleasant, just as bitter food or drink does. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you charge me with horrible crimes”
|
||||
13:26 bc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝תוֹרִישֵׁ֗נִי עֲוֺנ֥וֹת נְעוּרָֽי 1 Job is speaking as if God is literally giving him an inheritance. He means that God is punishing him for the wrong things that he did in his **youth**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you punish me for the iniquities of my youth”
|
||||
13:26 l6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝תוֹרִישֵׁ֗נִי עֲוֺנ֥וֹת נְעוּרָֽי 1 Job is suggesting implicitly that God should not judge him strictly for things he did in his **youth**, since youths are immature and impulsive and they do wrong things without having the kind of self-control and knowledge that adults should have. The Bible expresses this same perspective in [Psalm 25:7](../psa/25/07.md). You could indicate this implication in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and you judge me strictly for the immature things I did as a youth, which is not fair”
|
||||
13:27 l4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְתָ֘שֵׂ֤ם בַּסַּ֨ד ׀ רַגְלַ֗י 1 Job is speaking as if God literally has put his **feet** in **shackles**. He means that God has restrained his actions severely by punishing him for the slightest infractions. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you restrain my actions severely by punishing me for the slightest infractions”
|
||||
13:27 v65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְתִשְׁמ֥וֹר כָּל־אָרְחוֹתָ֑י 1 Job is speaking as if his courses of action were literally **paths** that he was walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you watch everything I do”
|
||||
13:27 x3kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַל־שָׁרְשֵׁ֥י רַ֝גְלַ֗י תִּתְחַקֶּֽה 1 Job is speaking as if God were literally taking some action regarding his **feet**. Interpreters are unsure of the exact meaning of this image. Job could be speaking as if: (1) God had drawn lines in the ground to mark foot-shaped areas where Job would have to step. Alternate translation: “you only allow me to step in a few small places” or “you only permit me to do a limited number of things without being punished” (2) God had put some kind of mark on his feet so that he would leave a distinctive footprint that God could easily track. Alternate translation: “you closely watch all of my actions”
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||||
13:28 mlj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ֭הוּא & יִבְלֶ֑ה 1 Job is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “and I … decay”
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13:28 fq5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ֭הוּא & יִבְלֶ֑ה 1 Job is using the word **and** to introduce the result of the sufferings he is experiencing, which he considers to be punishments from God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “so that he decays” or “so that I decay”
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14:intro t321 0 # Job 14 General Notes\n\n##Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is the conclusion of Job’s response to Zophar’s first speech.\n- Verses 1–12: Job says that God should not pay so much attention to humans, since they have short and troubled lives.\n- Verses 13–17: Job speculates about what it would be like if God could bring him back to life and be friendly towards him again.\n- Verses 18–22: Job concludes pessimistically that he will likely just die and be separated forever from human community.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Resurrection\n\nJob lived at a time when people did not know for certain whether there would be a resurrection of the dead, so Job speculates about this in his speeches. Sometimes he is more hopeful about it, and at other times he is less hopeful about it. In your translation, reflect what he is feeling and saying. It is not necessary to adjust his words in order to make them a confident proclamation about the resurrection.\n\n\n## Translation issues in this chapter\n\n### singular and plural “you”\n\nThe words “you” and “your” and the implied “you” in imperative verbs are singular throughout this chapter because Job is addressing God. If your language marks a distinction between singular and plural “you,” use the singular form in your translation.\n\n### “man” in a generic sense\n\nIn several places in this chapter, Job uses the word “man” in a generic sense that is inclusive of both men and women. It may be helpful in your translation to say “men and women” or to use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women, such as “people,” “mortals,” or “humans.”
|
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14:1 j425 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אָ֭דָם יְל֣וּד אִשָּׁ֑ה קְצַ֥ר יָ֝מִ֗ים וּֽשְׂבַֽע־רֹֽגֶז 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. However, Job is being deliberately terse in order to describe the human condition as pitiful, so you may wish to translate this statement with fewer words than your language would ordinarly use. Alternate translation: “Man, who is born of woman, is few of days and full of trouble”
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||||
14:1 j426 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אָ֭דָם יְל֣וּד אִשָּׁ֑ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every child of a human mother”
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14:1 j427 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אָ֭דָם יְל֣וּד אִשָּׁ֑ה 1 Job is using the phrase **born of woman** by association to mean that people are mortal. In other words, just as they are naturally born, they will naturally die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Mortal man”
|
||||
14:1 d6in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָ֭דָם יְל֣וּד אִשָּׁ֑ה 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, although the term **Man** is masculine, Job is using the word here and throughout the chapter in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, in all such instances you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “Mortal humans”
|
||||
14:1 u162 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom קְצַ֥ר יָ֝מִ֗ים וּֽשְׂבַֽע־רֹֽגֶז 1 Job does not mean that in general people live for only a few **days**. He is using the term **days** to mean time in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “His life is short, and it is full of trouble”
|
||||
14:1 pfe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּֽשְׂבַֽע־רֹֽגֶז 1 Job is speaking of **Man** as if he were a container that **trouble** fills. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and continually troubled”
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||||
14:2 bgr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism כְּצִ֣יץ יָ֭צָא וַיִּמָּ֑ל וַיִּבְרַ֥ח כַּ֝צֵּ֗ל וְלֹ֣א יַעֲמֽוֹד 1 These two phrases mean similar things. Job is using repetition to emphasize the idea that the phrases express. Since Job is using two different images together, it may be helpful to connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is conveying the same idea as the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “He comes forth and withers like a flower, yes, he flees like a shadow and does not stand”
|
||||
14:2 w4bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּבְרַ֥ח כַּ֝צֵּ֗ל וְלֹ֣א יַעֲמֽוֹד 1 In this context, the word **stand** means to stay in one place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he flees like a shadow, indeed, he does not remain”
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||||
14:3 tkx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אַף־עַל־זֶ֭ה פָּקַ֣חְתָּ עֵינֶ֑ךָ וְאֹ֘תִ֤י תָבִ֖יא בְמִשְׁפָּ֣ט עִמָּֽךְ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. It may be helpful to make this two sentences. Alternate translation: “And yet on such you open your eye! You bring me into judgment with you!”
|
||||
14:3 inl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אַף־עַל־זֶ֭ה פָּקַ֣חְתָּ עֵינֶ֑ךָ 1 Job is using the phrase **open your eye** by association to mean watching. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Must you really watch such creatures”
|
||||
14:3 fg87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular פָּקַ֣חְתָּ עֵינֶ֑ךָ & תָבִ֖יא & עִמָּֽךְ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the words **you** and **your** are singular here because Job is continuing to address God directly. So use the singular forms of those pronouns in your translation here and throughout this chapter if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
14:4 j428 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן טָ֭הוֹר מִטָּמֵ֗א לֹ֣א אֶחָֽד 1 For emphasis, Job is posing a question and then answering it himself. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “No one can bring clean from unclean!”
|
||||
14:4 pls1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן טָ֭הוֹר מִטָּמֵ֗א לֹ֣א אֶחָֽד 1 Job is using the adjectives **clean** and **unclean** as nouns, probably to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “Every person is unclean, so no person can bear and raise someone who is clean”
|
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14:4 j429 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן טָ֭הוֹר מִטָּמֵ֗א לֹ֣א אֶחָֽד 1 Job is speaking as if people who are sinful are literally **unclean** or dirty and as if people who are not sinful are literally **clean**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Every person is sinful, so no person can bear and raise someone who is not sinful”
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||||
14:5 jij3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns חֲרוּצִ֨ים ׀ יָמָ֗יו 1 The pronoun **his** refers to a person in general, as in verse 2. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “a person’s days are determined”
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14:5 fm5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive חֲרוּצִ֨ים ׀ יָמָ֗יו 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have determined his days” or “you determine for how many days each person will live”
|
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14:5 iz79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִֽסְפַּר־חֳדָשָׁ֥יו אִתָּ֑ךְ 1 The expression **is with you** describes something that the person being addressed has the power and authority to decide. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “is up to you” or “is something that you decide”
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14:6 j430 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result שְׁעֵ֣ה מֵעָלָ֣יו וְיֶחְדָּ֑ל 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “so that he may desist, look away from him”
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14:6 j431 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְיֶחְדָּ֑ל 1 In the context of this speech by Job, the word **desist** implicitly means to stop being continually concerned that God is watching and will judge and punish the slightest infraction. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “that he may live without continually fearing your punishment”
|
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14:6 w4rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile עַד־יִ֝רְצֶ֗ה כְּשָׂכִ֥יר יוֹמֽוֹ 1 The point of this comparison is that a **hireling**, that is, someone hired by the day for manual labor, has difficult work, but he knows that it is only for a short time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “until he finishes living his difficult but short life”
|
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14:6 j432 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִ֝רְצֶ֗ה & יוֹמֽוֹ 1 Job is speaking as if a human being’s brief life as if it were literally only a **day**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he lives out his brief life”
|
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14:7 l8i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns יֵ֥שׁ לָעֵ֗ץ תִּ֫קְוָ֥ה אִֽם־יִ֭כָּרֵת וְע֣וֹד יַחֲלִ֑יף וְ֝יֹֽנַקְתּ֗וֹ לֹ֣א תֶחְדָּֽל 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **hope**, you could express the same idea in another way, such as with the verb “hope.” Alternate translation: “people may hope that if a tree is cut down, it will sprout again”
|
||||
14:7 ezr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִ֭כָּרֵת 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone cuts it down”
|
||||
14:8 cqw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ֝בֶעָפָ֗ר יָמ֥וּת גִּזְעֽוֹ 1 Job means implicitly that the stump of the tree he is using as an example begins to die. If the tree had died completely, it could not regenerate, as he describes in the next verse. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “its stump begins to die”
|
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14:9 f92c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מֵרֵ֣יחַ מַ֣יִם 1 Job is speaking of the tree he is describing as if it could actually smell the **scent** of **waters**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as soon as the ground becomes moist”
|
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14:9 dav4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְעָשָׂ֖ה קָצִ֣יר 1 Job is not referring to a specific **branch**. He actually means that the stump of the tree will send forth many branches or shoots. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and send forth many shoots”
|
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14:9 bx2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּמוֹ־נָֽטַע 1 Job is referring implicitly to a young **plant**, which would grow rapidly. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as young plants do” or “as if it were a young plant”
|
||||
14:10 j433 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְגֶ֣בֶר & אָדָ֣ם 1 In this verse, the two instances of the word **man** translate two different words that have essentially the same meaning. Both words are masculine, but Job is using them in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use terms in your language that are clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “but a mortal … a human being”
|
||||
14:10 j434 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וַיִּגְוַ֖ע 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: “and passes away”
|
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14:10 wz2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְאַיּֽוֹ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “and he is gone completely”
|
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14:11 f32z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge 0 This verse is the beginning of a sentence that Job completes at the start of the next verse. The entire sentence draws a comparison. To show this, you could create a verse bridge for verses 11–12. Within it, this sentence might say something like this: “Just as waters disappear from a lake and a river dwindles and dries up, so a man lies down and does not arise.”
|
||||
14:11 dug9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet יֶחֱרַ֥ב וְיָבֵֽשׁ 1 The terms **dwindles** and **dries up** mean similar things. Job is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “steadily dries up”
|
||||
14:12 a5nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism שָׁכַ֗ב וְֽלֹא־יָ֫ק֥וּם 1 Job is using the expression **lies down** as a mild way to refer to death, and he is using the expression **arise** to mean “come back to life.” Your language may have similar expressions that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “passes away and does not return to this life”
|
||||
14:12 j435 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ וְלֹֽא־יֵ֝עֹ֗רוּ מִשְּׁנָתָֽם 1 Job is speaking of people who are dead as if they were asleep. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will remain dead; they will not be brought back to life”
|
||||
14:12 j436 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ וְלֹֽא־יֵ֝עֹ֗רוּ מִשְּׁנָתָֽם 1 The pronoun **their** and both instances of the pronoun **they** refer to people who die. Up to this point in this speech, Job has been talking about people dying by referring to a “man.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use singular pronouns in this sentence for continuity. Alternate translation: “he will not awake, no, he will not be roused from his sleep”
|
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14:12 h4i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְלֹֽא־יֵ֝עֹ֗רוּ מִשְּׁנָתָֽם 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and no one will rouse them from their sleep” or “and no one will rouse him from his sleep”
|
||||
14:13 w12i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ֤י יִתֵּ֨ן ׀ בִּשְׁא֬וֹל תַּצְפִּנֵ֗נִי תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי עַד־שׁ֣וּב אַפֶּ֑ךָ תָּ֤שִׁ֥ית לִ֖י חֹ֣ק וְתִזְכְּרֵֽנִי 1 See how you translated the expression **Who will give** in [11:5–6](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “I wish that you would conceal me in Sheol, {that} you would hide me until the turning of your nose, {that} you would set a limit for me and remember me!”
|
||||
14:13 j437 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַד־שׁ֣וּב אַפֶּ֑ךָ 1 See how you translated the word **nose** in [9:5](../09/05.md). Alternate translation: “until the turning of your anger”
|
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14:13 j438 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַד־שׁ֣וּב אַפֶּ֑ךָ 1 Job is speaking as if God’s **anger** might literally **turn** and go in a different direction. Job actually means that God would stop being angry. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “until you stop being angry with me”
|
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14:13 is2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּ֤שִׁ֥ית לִ֖י חֹ֣ק 1 This could mean implicitly: (1) that God would set a **limit** on the time that Job had to spend in Sheol before God would **remember** him (see the explanation of the term “remember” in the next note). Alternate translation: “that you would decide how long I needed to spend in Sheol before you would remember me” (2) that God would choose a particular time sometime in the future when he would **remember** Job. Alternate translation: “that you would choose a particular time when you would remember me”
|
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14:13 km9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְתִזְכְּרֵֽנִי 1 Job is using the expression **remember** in a particular sense. He is not suggesting that God would forget anything or that there are limits to God’s knowledge or memory. Rather, in contexts such as this, the word “remember” means to be aware that someone needs help and to help that person. (For example, [Genesis 8:1](../gen/08/01.md) says that at the height of the Great Flood, “God remembered Noah and all the living things and all the livestock that were with him in the ark, and God caused a wind to pass over the earth, and the waters subsided.”) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and help me”
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14:14 u755 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִם־יָמ֥וּת גֶּ֗בֶר הֲיִ֫חְיֶ֥ה 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Even if a man dies, he might live again!”
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14:14 he34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּל־יְמֵ֣י צְבָאִ֣י 1 Job is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Throughout the time of my hardship”
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14:14 ws2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כָּל־יְמֵ֣י צְבָאִ֣י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **hardship**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Throughout the time when things are hard for me”
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14:14 j439 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־יְמֵ֣י צְבָאִ֣י 1 Since Job said in [7:1](../01/01.md) that a person experiences “hardship” on earth, in this phrase he is probably referring implicitly to life on earth. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “For as long as I live on this earth”
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14:14 a2dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲיַחֵ֑ל עַד־בּ֝֗וֹא חֲלִיפָתִֽי 1 Since Job suggests at the beginning of this verse that people could live again after they die, and since he describes his present life on earth as **hardship**, the implication seems to be that by **my change**, he means his death, which presumably would lead to a better life. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I will wait patiently to die and then live a better life” or “I will hope expectantly that after I die I will live a better life”
|
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14:15 d3u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases תִּ֭קְרָא וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ךָּ לְֽמַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יָדֶ֣יךָ תִכְסֹֽף 1 In this verse, Job is describing what would happen under the condition he described in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, to indicate this you could add a connecting word at the start of this verse. You could also use the conditional tense rather than the future tense if that would be more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then you would call, and I would answer you. You would desire the work of your hands”
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14:15 tbe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּ֭קְרָא וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ךָּ 1 Job is using very similar words here to the ones that he used in [13:22](../13/22.md) to challenge God to argue his case with him. But now he means that he and God would converse in a friendly way. To help your readers appreciate this use of language, it would be helpful to translate the terms here the same way you translated them in [13:22](../13/22.md).
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14:15 j440 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ךָּ 1 For emphasis, Job is stating the pronoun **I**, whose meaning is already present in the verb **answer**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “and I will gladly answer you”
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14:15 j3fp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְֽמַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יָדֶ֣יךָ 1 Job is using one part of God, his **hands**, to mean all of him in the act of creating Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the person whom you created”
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14:16 q9vm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַ֭תָּה צְעָדַ֣י תִּסְפּ֑וֹר לֹֽא־תִ֝שְׁמ֗וֹר עַל־חַטָּאתִֽי 1 Job is speaking as if God literally will literally **number** or count the **steps** he is taking. He is speaking of living as if it were walking along a path. Job is alluding to what he said in [13:27](../13/27.md), that God was watching his paths and marking places where he had to step. Job could mean here: (1) that once God was no longer angry with him, God would caringly observe all that he did in order to make sure that he was all right, but God would no longer be looking to see whether he was doing wrong. Alternate translation: “then you would caringly observe all that I did, but you would no longer be looking to see whether I was doing wrong” (2) that God is currently restricting his activities, but once God was no longer angry with him, God would not watch him so closely. Alternate translation: “now you are restricting my activities to keep me from doing the slightest thing wrong, but then you would no longer watch me so closely”
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||||
14:16 bay1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֹֽא־תִ֝שְׁמ֗וֹר עַל־חַטָּאתִֽי 1 Job is using his **sin** to mean all of him in the act of sinning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will not watch over me to see whether I am doing wrong”
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14:17 zvn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive חָתֻ֣ם בִּצְר֣וֹר פִּשְׁעִ֑י 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will seal my transgression in a bag”
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||||
14:17 cby4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חָתֻ֣ם בִּצְר֣וֹר פִּשְׁעִ֑י 1 Job is speaking as if God would literally **seal** his **transgression** in a **bag**. He means that God would forgive his transgression and no longer regard it, as if it were hidden from view and inaccessible. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You would completely forgive my transgression”
|
||||
14:17 qe5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ֝תִּטְפֹּ֗ל עַל־עֲוֺנִֽי 1 Job is speaking as if God would literally **plaster over** his **iniquity**. Once again he means that God would forgive him and no longer regard his iniquity, as if it were hidden from view. Job is using the same terminology as in [13:4](../13/04.md), where he said that his friends were plastering him with a lie. There he meant that while he was righteous, his friends were making it appear that he was sinful. Here he means that God would make him appear righteous because God would have forgiven all of his sin. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you would make me appear righteous”
|
||||
14:18 j441 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge 0 This verse is the beginning of a sentence that Job completes in the next verse. The entire sentence draws a comparison. To show this, you could create a verse bridge for verses 18–19. It might say something like this: “However, just a falling mountain crumbles and a rock moves from its place, just as waters wear down stones and its flooding washes away the dust of the earth, so you destroy the hope of man”
|
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14:18 j442 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ֭אוּלָם 1 Job is using the word translated **However** to indicate a strong contrast between the possibility of renewed life and reconciliation with God after death, which he was discussing in verses 14–17, and what seems to him to be the actual human condition, which he will describe in the rest of this chapter. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But unfortunately” or “I wish that all of that could happen, but instead it seems that”
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14:18 hga3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַר־נוֹפֵ֣ל יִבּ֑וֹל 1 Job is speaking as if a mountain might literally be **falling**. He means that the mountain is becoming lower in elevation because it is eroding. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “an eroding mountain crumbles”
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14:18 h2q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝צ֗וּר יֶעְתַּ֥ק מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ 1 Job is not referring to a specific **rock**. He means rocks in general. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and rocks move from their places”
|
||||
14:18 j443 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֝צ֗וּר יֶעְתַּ֥ק מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ 1 The meaning of this phrase may be similar to the meaning of the phrases “his place will not know him again” in [7:10](../01/01.md) and “one destroys it from its place” in [8:18](../01/01.md). The emphasis may be not on the rock moving but on its no longer being in its **place**. Alternate translation: “yes, even large rocks disappear”
|
||||
14:19 nc2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns סְפִיחֶ֥יהָ 1 The pronoun **its** refers to the **earth**. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the flooding of the earth washes away its dust” or “when the earth floods, that washes away its dust”
|
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14:20 q4my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּתְקְפֵ֣הוּ לָ֭נֶצַח 1 Job is speaking as if each person were in a lifelong struggle with God and as if God were able to **overpower** or defeat each person throughout his life. Job likely means that people struggle to live, but God is able to enforce his decree that each person must ultimately die after living for a certain time. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You make people’s bodies wear out throughout their lives”
|
||||
14:20 uah1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וַֽיַּהֲלֹ֑ךְ 1 Job is using the expression **goes away** to mean “dies.” This is a mild way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “and he passes away”
|
||||
14:20 p3dh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מְשַׁנֶּ֥ה פָ֝נָ֗יו 1 The expression **changing his face** describes a person’s face becoming wrinkled as that person ages. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “making his face wrinkled”
|
||||
14:20 j444 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מְשַׁנֶּ֥ה פָ֝נָ֗יו 1 Job may be using one part of the aging process, the **changing** of the **face** to become wrinkled, to mean the entire process. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causing him to age”
|
||||
14:20 lq7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽתְּשַׁלְּחֵֽהוּ 1 Job is implicitly describing how God will **send** a person **away** from the community of living people to the abode of the dead. Job will describe this isolation in more detail in the next two verses. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you send him away from the community of living people to the abode of the dead”
|
||||
14:21 m7cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בָ֭נָיו 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, Job is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “His children”
|
||||
14:22 j445 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אַךְ־בְּ֭שָׂרוֹ עָלָ֣יו יִכְאָ֑ב וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ עָלָ֥יו תֶּאֱבָֽל 1 Job is using parts of a person, his **flesh** and his **soul**, to mean all of a person in the act of grieving and mourning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He alone grieves for himself, yes, he alone mourns for himself”
|
||||
15:intro p4sy 0 # Job 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n In this chapter, Job’s friend Eliphaz speaks to him once again. This time he speaks more strongly than he spoke before.\n- Verses 1–10: Eliphaz argues that the insights of traditional wisdom are on his side.\n- Verses 11–16: Eliphaz argues that Job should not defiantly insist that he is righteous.\n- Verses 17–19: Eliphaz invites Job to consider the insights of traditional wisdom.\n- Verses 20–35: Eliphaz quotes the insights of traditional wisdom.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.
|
||||
15:2 mw8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֶֽחָכָ֗ם יַעֲנֶ֥ה דַֽעַת־ר֑וּחַ וִֽימַלֵּ֖א קָדִ֣ים בִּטְנֽוֹ 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. This verse is the beginning of a question that continues into the next verse, but if you translate it as a statement or as an exclamation, it may be helpful to make it a separate sentence in your translation. Alternate translation: “A wise person does not answer with knowledge of wind or fill his belly with the east wind!”
|
||||
15:2 j446 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person הֶֽחָכָ֗ם יַעֲנֶ֥ה דַֽעַת־ר֑וּחַ וִֽימַלֵּ֖א קָדִ֣ים בִּטְנֽוֹ 1 Eliphaz is talking about Job in the third person, even though he is speaking to him directly. He is saying that Job himself must not be a wise person, since he has been talking in this way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the second person. Alternate translation: “I can tell that you are not a wise person, because you have answered with knowledge of wind, yes, you have filled your belly with the east wind!”
|
||||
15:2 j447 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj הֶֽחָכָ֗ם יַעֲנֶ֥ה 1 Eliphaz is using the adjective **wise** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “Would a wise person answer”
|
||||
15:2 hd46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַֽעַת־ר֑וּחַ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job’s **knowledge** consisted literally of **wind**. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language, as the UST models. Eliphaz could mean: (1) that Job is talking a lot, making a loud sound, but not saying anything of substance, just as the wind blows loudly but is only air. Alternate translation: “with such bluster” (2) that what Job is saying is insubstantial, as if it were the air that the wind was blowing around. Alternate translation: “with such empty statements”
|
||||
15:2 h768 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קָדִ֣ים 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job has literally filled his **belly** with the **east wind**. In this location, the wind from the east brought hot air from the desert. Eliphaz is using this image to portray Job as taking deep breaths so that he can speak at length and then breathing out hot air as he speaks. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language, as the UST models. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “No, a wise man would not be so full of hot air”
|
||||
15:3 mka2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הוֹכֵ֣חַ בְּ֭דָבָר לֹ֣א יִסְכּ֑וֹן וּ֝מִלִּ֗ים לֹא־יוֹעִ֥יל בָּֽם 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. This verse is the continuation of a question that began in the previous verse, but it may be helpful to make it a separate sentence in your translation. Alternate translation: “No, a wise person does not reason with a word that does not benefit or with words that do not have profit in them!”
|
||||
15:3 j448 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הוֹכֵ֣חַ בְּ֭דָבָר לֹ֣א יִסְכּ֑וֹן וּ֝מִלִּ֗ים לֹא־יוֹעִ֥יל בָּֽם 1 Eliphaz is using the terms **word** and **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “reasoning by saying things that do not benefit and by making statements that do not have profit in them”
|
||||
15:4 k1xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַ֭תָּה תָּפֵ֣ר יִרְאָ֑ה 1 For emphasis, Eliphaz is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already present in the verb **destroy**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “you are completely destroying fear”
|
||||
15:4 kfj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִרְאָ֑ה 1 By **fear**, Eliphaz implicitly means the fear of God, that is, reverent respect for God. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the fear of God” or “reverent respect for God”
|
||||
15:4 fz3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂ֝יחָ֗ה לִפְנֵי־אֵֽל 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Eliphaz is using the term to describe **devotion** that someone would offer to God as one person to another. Alternate translation: “personal devotion to God”
|
||||
15:5 t4nv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יְאַלֵּ֣ף עֲוֺנְךָ֣ פִ֑יךָ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job’s **iniquity** were a living thing that was teaching his **mouth** what to say. He means that Job is saying wrong things about God in order to excuse his own sin. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are saying things to excuse your inquity”
|
||||
15:5 tt4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝תִבְחַ֗ר לְשׁ֣וֹן עֲרוּמִֽים 1 Eliphaz is using the term **tongue** by association to mean speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are deliberately speaking as the crafty do” or “you know that you are speaking deceitfully”
|
||||
15:5 gfb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj עֲרוּמִֽים 1 Eliphaz is using the adjective **crafty** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “crafty people”
|
||||
15:6 j5yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יַרְשִֽׁיעֲךָ֣ פִ֣יךָ וְלֹא־אָ֑נִי וּ֝שְׂפָתֶ֗יךָ יַעֲנוּ־בָֽךְ 1 Eliphaz is speaking of Job’s **mouth** and **lips** as if they were living things that could **condemn** and **testify against** him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “It is clear from what you say that you are wrong; I do not need to prove that myself. Indeed, what you say provides evidence that you are wrong”
|
||||
15:7 dpx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲרִאישׁ֣וֹן אָ֭דָם תִּוָּלֵ֑ד וְלִפְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת חוֹלָֽלְתָּ 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You were not born the first man! No, you were not formed to the face of the hills!”
|
||||
15:7 a7jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֲרִאישׁ֣וֹן אָ֭דָם תִּוָּלֵ֑ד וְלִפְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת חוֹלָֽלְתָּ 1 Eliphaz is implicitly challenging Job not to consider himself wiser than everyone else because, after all, he is not older than everyone else. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “You should not think that you are wiser than everyone else, because you were not born the first man! No, you were not formed to the face of the hills!”
|
||||
15:7 j449 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole הֲרִאישׁ֣וֹן אָ֭דָם תִּוָּלֵ֑ד וְלִפְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת חוֹלָֽלְתָּ 1 Eliphaz is overstating his point for emphasis as he challenges Job not to consider himself wiser than others. If a speaker of your language would not make this kind of overstatement, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: Alternate translation: “You should not think that you are wiser than everyone else, because you are not older than the other wise people in our community”
|
||||
15:7 v4jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הֲרִאישׁ֣וֹן אָ֭דָם תִּוָּלֵ֑ד 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Are you the first person who ever lived”
|
||||
15:7 j450 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations הֲרִאישׁ֣וֹן אָ֭דָם 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Eliphaz is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “the first human”
|
||||
15:7 j451 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלִפְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת חוֹלָֽלְתָּ 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of something by association with the way people can see the face of a person who is present. By asking whether Job was **formed** in the presence of **the hills**, Eliphaz is asking whether Job was formed at the same time as the hills, that is, long ago. Alternate translation: “and were you formed when the hills were formed”
|
||||
15:7 j452 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְלִפְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת חוֹלָֽלְתָּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and did God form you when he formed the hills”
|
||||
15:7 j453 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche גְבָע֣וֹת 1 Eliphaz is using one part of the earth, its **hills**, to mean all of it as God created it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the earth”
|
||||
15:8 s4d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַבְס֣וֹד אֱל֣וֹהַ תִּשְׁמָ֑ע וְתִגְרַ֖ע אֵלֶ֣יךָ חָכְמָֽה 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You do not hear the counsel of God! You cannot limit wisdom to yourself!”
|
||||
15:9 afn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־יָּ֭דַעְתָּ וְלֹ֣א נֵדָ֑ע תָּ֝בִ֗ין וְֽלֹא־עִמָּ֥נוּ הֽוּא 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You do not know anything that we do not know! You do not understand anything that we do not understand!”
|
||||
15:9 dt5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis תָּ֝בִ֗ין וְֽלֹא־עִמָּ֥נוּ הֽוּא 1 Eliphaz is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “What do you understand that we do not understand?”
|
||||
15:9 j454 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְֽלֹא־עִמָּ֥נוּ הֽוּא 1 In this context, the expression **with us** indicates understanding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that we do not understand”
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||||
15:10 j455 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet גַּם־שָׂ֣ב גַּם־יָשִׁ֣ישׁ 1 The terms **gray-haired** and **aged** mean similar things. Eliphaz is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “The most senior”
|
||||
15:10 j456 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj גַּם־שָׂ֣ב גַּם־יָשִׁ֣ישׁ 1 Eliphaz is using the adjectives **gray-haired** and **aged** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “Both gray-haired people and aged people” or “The most senior people”
|
||||
15:10 e1wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בָּ֑נוּ 1 In this context, the expression **with us** indicates agreement. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “agree with us”
|
||||
15:10 j457 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כַּבִּ֖יר מֵאָבִ֣יךָ יָמִֽים 1 Eliphaz is using the term **days** to refer by association to how long a person has lived. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “greater than your father in age” or “older than your father”
|
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15:11 w8rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַמְעַ֣ט מִ֭מְּךָ תַּנְחֻמ֣וֹת אֵ֑ל וְ֝דָבָ֗ר לָאַ֥ט עִמָּֽךְ 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You seem to consider the consolations of God to be too small for you. You seem to feel the same way about a word spoken in gentleness to you”
|
||||
15:11 j458 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַמְעַ֣ט מִ֭מְּךָ תַּנְחֻמ֣וֹת אֵ֑ל 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job literally considered the **consolations of God** to be **small** in size. He means that Job does not appear to consider them significant. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do you consider the consolations of God to be insignificant” or “You seem to consider the consolations of God to be insignificant”
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15:11 lg22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תַּנְחֻמ֣וֹת אֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **consolations**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Is what God is doing to comfort you”
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15:11 j459 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ֝דָבָ֗ר לָאַ֥ט עִמָּֽךְ 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “or is a word in gentleness to you too small for you”
|
||||
15:11 j460 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝דָבָ֗ר לָאַ֥ט עִמָּֽךְ 1 Eliphaz is using the term **word** to mean what he and the other friends have been saying to Job by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or what we have been telling you in gentleness”
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||||
15:11 j461 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝דָבָ֗ר לָאַ֥ט עִמָּֽךְ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **gentleness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “or what we have been telling you gently”
|
||||
15:11 j462 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝דָבָ֗ר לָאַ֥ט עִמָּֽךְ 1 It may not seem that Job’s friends have been speaking to him **in gentleness**. Eliphaz has just said that he is wicked and guilty, and the other friends have said similar things. Eliphaz could mean: (1) that he and the other friends have been trying to speak to Job as gently as they could. Alternate translation: “or words that your friends have been speaking to you as gently as they could” (2) that given Job’s apparent disregard for God’s consolations, he and the other friends have been too gentle with Job. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Perhaps we need to speak even more sternly to you!”
|
||||
15:12 j463 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־יִּקָּחֲךָ֥ לִבֶּ֑ךָ וּֽמַה־יִּרְזְמ֥וּן עֵינֶֽיךָ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. (This is the beginning of a sentence that Eliphaz completes in the next verse.) Alternate translation: “Your heart should not carry you away and your eyes should not flash”
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15:12 bbd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מַה־יִּקָּחֲךָ֥ לִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 Eliphaz is speaking of Job’s **heart** as if it were a living thing that could **carry** him **away**. He is using Job’s heart to represent his emotions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Why are you allowing yourself to become so emotional” or, as a statement, “You should not allow yourself to become so emotional”
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||||
15:12 c87r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּֽמַה־יִּרְזְמ֥וּן עֵינֶֽיךָ 1 Eliphaz is speaking of anger by association with the way that the **eyes** of a person who is angery will appear to **flash** or give off light. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and why are you so angry” or as a statement, “and you should not be so angry”
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||||
15:13 q3sz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כִּֽי־תָשִׁ֣יב אֶל־אֵ֣ל רוּחֶ֑ךָ 1 Eliphaz is using one part of Job, his **spirit**, to mean all of him in the act of turning against God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that you turn yourself against God”
|
||||
15:13 v2f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהֹצֵ֖אתָ מִפִּ֣יךָ מִלִּֽין 1 Eliphaz is using the term **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words and the term **mouth** to mean speaking. He is suggesting that the things Job has been saying are inappropriate. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and say such inappropriate things”
|
||||
15:14 n6c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מָֽה־אֱנ֥וֹשׁ כִּֽי־יִזְכֶּ֑ה וְכִֽי־יִ֝צְדַּ֗ק יְל֣וּד אִשָּֽׁה 1 Eliphaz is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Man cannot be clean! No, one born of a woman cannot be righteous!”
|
||||
15:14 z1zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֱנ֥וֹשׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Eliphaz is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “a human being”
|
||||
15:14 u6tx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִזְכֶּ֑ה 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if people who are innocent of wrongdoing are literally **clean**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he should be innocent”
|
||||
15:14 j464 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְל֣וּד אִשָּֽׁה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone to whom a woman has given birth”
|
||||
15:14 j465 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יְל֣וּד אִשָּֽׁה 1 Eliphaz is speaking of human mortality by association with the way that people are **born** physically and, by implication, will also die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a mortal”
|
||||
15:15 iv3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לֹ֣א יַאֲמִ֑ין 1 The pronoun **he** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God does not trust”
|
||||
15:15 h358 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּ֭קְדֹשָׁיו 1 Eliphaz is using the expression **holy ones** to refer to the angels, by association with the way that angels are holy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in his angels”
|
||||
15:15 pd53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝שָׁמַ֗יִם לֹא־זַכּ֥וּ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if things that are pure are literally **clean**, that is, not physically dirty. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the heavens are not pure”
|
||||
15:15 j466 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝שָׁמַ֗יִם לֹא־זַכּ֥וּ 1 By **the heavens**, Eliphaz likely means the sky, which is a created object and therefore finite and incapable of perfection. It is unlikely that Eliphaz is referring to heaven, the abode of God, and saying that it is not **clean**, meaning “pure.” You could clarify this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and not even the sky is pure”
|
||||
15:15 q77f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְעֵינָֽיו 1 Eliphaz is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents attention, perspective, and judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from his perspective”
|
||||
15:16 j467 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַ֭ף כִּֽי־נִתְעָ֥ב וְֽנֶאֱלָ֑ח 1 Eliphaz is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “how much less are the abominable and the corrupted clean in his eyes”
|
||||
15:16 j468 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj נִתְעָ֥ב וְֽנֶאֱלָ֑ח 1 Eliphaz is using the adjectives **abominable** and **corrupted** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “abominable and corrupt people”
|
||||
15:16 gt36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet נִתְעָ֥ב וְֽנֶאֱלָ֑ח 1 The terms **abominable** and **corrupted** mean similar things. Eliphaz is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “humans, who are so very wicked”
|
||||
15:16 j469 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְֽנֶאֱלָ֑ח 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the corrupt”
|
||||
15:16 j470 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִישׁ־שֹׁתֶ֖ה כַמַּ֣יִם עַוְלָֽה 1 Eliphaz seems to be referring implicitly to Job when he speaks of **a man drinking iniquity like water**. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “such as a man like you who drinks iniquity like water”
|
||||
15:16 we5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִישׁ־שֹׁתֶ֖ה כַמַּ֣יִם עַוְלָֽה 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if Job were literally **drinking** iniquity the way he would drink **water**. He means that Job eagerly and willingly does wrong things, the way thirsty people eagerly and willingly drink water. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a man who freely commits iniquity” or “such as a man like you who freely commits iniquity”
|
||||
15:18 q3uc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אֲשֶׁר־חֲכָמִ֥ים יַגִּ֑ידוּ וְלֹ֥א כִֽ֝חֲד֗וּ מֵאֲבוֹתָֽם 1 Eliphaz is not suggesting that **the wise** might have **hidden** something from **their fathers**. He means that they have declared what they learned from their fathers and not hidden any of it from the people of their own generation. It may be helpful to move the information that the wise have **not hidden** what they learned to the end of the sentence. Alternate translation: “what the wise have declared from their fathers and not hidden”
|
||||
15:18 j471 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חֲכָמִ֥ים 1 Eliphaz is using the adjective **wise** as a noun to mean a certain group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “wise people”
|
||||
15:18 j472 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations מֵאֲבוֹתָֽם 1 Although the term **fathers** is masculine, Eliphaz is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “from their ancestors”
|
||||
15:19 psj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לָהֶ֣ם לְ֭בַדָּם נִתְּנָ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ וְלֹא־עָ֖בַר זָ֣ר בְּתוֹכָֽם 1 By **them**, Eliphaz means the “fathers” or ancestors whom he described in the previous verse, and by **the land** he probably means Edom and specifically his home city of Teman, which was renowned for its wisdom (see [Jeremiah 49:7](../49/07.md)). By saying that only those ancestors lived there and **no stranger** passed among them, he means that their wisdom was not diluted by outside influences. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “My wise ancestors lived by themselves in Teman, where there were no outside influences to dilute their wisdom”
|
||||
15:19 yjj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִתְּנָ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave the land”
|
||||
15:20 j473 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּל־יְמֵ֣י רָ֭שָׁע 1 Eliphaz is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For the whole lifetime of the wicked”
|
||||
15:20 j474 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רָ֭שָׁע 1 Eliphaz is using the adjective **wicked** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person”
|
||||
15:20 q88x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִתְחוֹלֵ֑ל 1 Eliphaz means implicitly that a wicked person will be **writhing** in pain because God will be punishing him for his sin. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “he is writhing in pain from God’s punishments”
|
||||
15:20 s474 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּמִסְפַּ֥ר שָׁ֝נִ֗ים נִצְפְּנ֥וּ לֶעָרִֽיץ 1 Eliphaz is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and the number of years that he must suffer punishment for his own sins, they are reserved for the oppressor”
|
||||
15:20 caz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִצְפְּנ֥וּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has reserved them”
|
||||
15:21 fj8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy קוֹל־פְּחָדִ֥ים בְּאָזְנָ֑יו 1 Eliphaz is using the term **ears** by association to mean hearing, and by saying that the wicked person hears **the sound of terrors**, Eliphaz means by association that he experiences those terrors. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He experiences terrible things”
|
||||
15:21 j475 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּ֝שָּׁל֗וֹם 1 The word translated **prosperity** can also mean “peace.” Eliphaz could be describing: (1) how wicked people may become prosperous for a time. Alternate translation: “though he may become prosperous,” (2) how wicked people may enjoy peace for a time. Alternate translation: “just when he is at peace,”
|
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15:21 j476 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שׁוֹדֵ֥ד יְבוֹאֶֽנּוּ 1 Eliphaz is describing how the wicked experience the destruction and loss of their property, and he is speaking of that destruction as if it were a living thing that **comes upon** the wicked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his property is suddenly destroyed” or “he suddenly loses his property”
|
||||
15:22 i3pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹא־יַאֲמִ֣ין שׁ֭וּב מִנִּי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if this wicked person has literally gone to a place where there is **darkness** and that he does not believe he can **return** from there. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He does not believe that his troubles will ever end”
|
||||
15:22 j477 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives לֹא־יַאֲמִ֣ין שׁ֭וּב מִנִּי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this with a positive expression. Alternate translation: “He believes that he will always have troubles”
|
||||
15:22 j478 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְצָפ֖וּי ה֣וּא אֱלֵי־חָֽרֶב\n \n\n 1 It is possible that this second part of the verse also describes what wicked people **believe**. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he is afraid that he is selected for the sword”
|
||||
15:22 j479 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְצָפ֖וּי ה֣וּא אֱלֵי־חָֽרֶב\n \n 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and God has selected him for the sword” or “and God has determined that someone will kill him with a sword”
|
||||
15:22 lh1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חָֽרֶב 1 Eliphaz is using one kind of deadly weapon, the **sword**, by association to mean violent death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “violent death”
|
||||
15:23 j480 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes נֹ֘דֵ֤ד ה֣וּא לַלֶּ֣חֶם אַיֵּ֑ה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “He is wandering for bread, asking where it is” or “He is wandering for bread, wondering where he will find it”
|
||||
15:23 k4qm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לַלֶּ֣חֶם 1 Eliphaz is using one kind of food, **bread**, to mean food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for food”
|
||||
15:23 ul3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יֽוֹם־חֹֽשֶׁךְ 1 Eliphaz is using the term **day** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a time of darkness”
|
||||
15:23 j481 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֽוֹם־חֹֽשֶׁךְ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if this wicked person knows that a time is coming when there will literally be **darkness** during the day. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a time of great trouble”
|
||||
15:23 j482 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נָכ֖וֹן בְּיָד֣וֹ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God has prepared for him is at hand”
|
||||
15:23 gu8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom נָכ֖וֹן בְּיָד֣וֹ 1 Eliphaz is using the expression **at hand** to mean “nearby,” and he means near in time rather than near in place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is prepared and just about to happen”
|
||||
15:24 e7mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יְֽ֭בַעֲתֻהוּ צַ֣ר וּמְצוּקָ֑ה 1 Eliphaz is speaking of **Distress** and **anguish** as if they were living things that could **terrify** a wicked person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He is so afraid of what is going to happen to him that he continually feels distress and anguish”
|
||||
15:24 vur7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet יְֽ֭בַעֲתֻהוּ צַ֣ר וּמְצוּקָ֑ה 1 The terms **Distress** and **anguish** mean similar things. Eliphaz is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Great distress terrifies him” or “He is so afraid of what is going to happen to him that he continually feels great distress”
|
||||
15:24 tg34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תִּ֝תְקְפֵ֗הוּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to **Distress and anguish**. Eliphaz is speaking of these two similar things as if they were one thing. Your language may permit you to do that in your translation. Alternatively, it may be more natural in your language to use a plural pronoun. Alternate translation: “they overpower him”
|
||||
15:25 uuk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom נָטָ֣ה אֶל־אֵ֣ל יָד֑וֹ 1 This expression means to attack a person, the implication being that someone has **stretched out** a **hand** that is holding a sword or some other weapon to use against that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he has fought against God”
|
||||
15:26 sx7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָר֣וּץ אֵלָ֣יו בְּצַוָּ֑אר בַּ֝עֲבִ֗י גַּבֵּ֥י מָֽגִנָּֽיו 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if a wicked person would literally attack God in this way. He is actually making a comparison to describe the arrogant confidence with which a wicked person defies God. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this as a comparison rather than as a literal statement. Alternate translation: “He opposes God as if he were a warrior arrogantly attacking God, confident that his thick shield would protect him”
|
||||
15:26 j483 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָר֣וּץ אֵלָ֣יו 1 The pronoun **He** refers to the wicked person, while the pronoun **him** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “The wicked person rushes against God”
|
||||
15:26 j484 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּצַוָּ֑אר 1 This expression refers to the attitude of someone who is holding his neck straight and his head high, displaying arrogant confidence with his posture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “arrogantly”
|
||||
15:26 b87u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַּ֝עֲבִ֗י גַּבֵּ֥י מָֽגִנָּֽיו 1 The word “boss” describes the outwardly rounded part of a shield. A warrior would face this part of the shield against an enemy, holding the shield by a handle inside the boss. If a shield had a thick boss, that would protect the warrior against blows from swords and spears, and it would also allow a warrior to use the shield to knock an opponent down and pin him to the ground. If your readers would not be familiar with what **bosses** of **shields** are, in your translation you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “confident that he can use his thick shield to protect himself and attack his opponent”
|
||||
15:26 db71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony בַּ֝עֲבִ֗י 1 Eliphaz speaks in this verse of the **thickness* of the shield that the wicked person would use against God, but in the next verse he indicates that the wicked person is actually “fat” and so not in shape physically for combat. So while Eliphaz seems to suggest here that the wicked person is a formidable foe, he actually means the opposite of what he is saying, as the next verse reveals. To help your readers recognize this, if your language has a word that can mean both “thick” and “fat,” it would be appropriate to use that word here in your translation.
|
||||
15:26 j485 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural גַּבֵּ֥י מָֽגִנָּֽיו 1 By using the plural forms **bosses** and **shields**, Eliphaz seems to be portraying the wicked person as if he were an army or as if he were commanding an army. It may be more natural in your language to use singular forms. Alternate translation: “the boss of his shield”
|
||||
15:27 uc39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כִּֽי־כִסָּ֣ה פָנָ֣יו בְּחֶלְבּ֑וֹ וַיַּ֖עַשׂ פִּימָ֣ה עֲלֵי־כָֽסֶל 1 Eliphaz is using two parts of the wicked person, his **face** and his **flanks**, to indicate that his whole body is obese. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he is very fat”
|
||||
15:27 j486 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־כִסָּ֣ה פָנָ֣יו בְּחֶלְבּ֑וֹ וַיַּ֖עַשׂ פִּימָ֣ה עֲלֵי־כָֽסֶל 1 The implication is that the wicked person has a **face** that is **fat** and **flanks** that have **blubber** because he overeats and lives indolently. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “he is very fat because he eats too much and lives a lazy life”
|
||||
15:28 ki37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וַיִּשְׁכּ֤וֹן 1 Eliphaz is using the word **And** to describe what happens to the wicked after he unsuccessfully opposes God. In the previous verse, Eliphaz was describing the former prosperity of the wicked person. In this verse, he is describing what happens to the wicked person after he loses his prosperity. The implication may be that the wicked person needs to live in abandoned places not only because he is poor but also because he is an outcast, that is, because others have rejected him. Alternate translation: “Then he becomes poor and outcast, and so”
|
||||
15:29 r891 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְלֹא־יָק֣וּם חֵיל֑וֹ 1 See how you translated the term **stand** in [14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: “and his wealth will not remain”
|
||||
15:29 j488 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלֹֽא־יִטֶּ֖ה לָאָ֣רֶץ מִנְלָֽם 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “and they will not have large herds of cattle” or “and he will not have large herds of cattle”
|
||||
15:29 j487 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִנְלָֽם 1 The pronoun **their** refers to wicked people. Since Eliphaz speaks of a wicked person in the singular in the first part of this verse, it may be more natural in your language to use the singular here as well. Alternate translation: “his possessions”
|
||||
15:30 jpq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹֽא־יָס֨וּר ׀ מִנִּי־חֹ֗שֶׁךְ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [15:22](../15/22.md). Alternate translation: “His troubles will never end”
|
||||
15:30 pm4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֹֽ֭נַקְתּוֹ תְּיַבֵּ֣שׁ שַׁלְהָ֑בֶת 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if the wicked person were literally a plant or bush whose **stalks** a **flame** could **dry up** or burn up. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will certainly perish”
|
||||
15:30 a9ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝יָס֗וּר בְּר֣וּחַ פִּֽיו 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if a hot wind that dried up plants were actually **breath** from God’s **mouth**. (The same image appears elsewhere in the Bible, for example, in [Isaiah 40:7](../isa/40/07.md), “The grass withers, the flower wilts, for the breath of Yahweh blows on it.”) He means that text. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, God will destroy him”
|
||||
15:30 j489 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns פִּֽיו 1 The pronoun **his** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God’s mouth”
|
||||
15:30 rxv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְ֝יָס֗וּר 1 Eliphaz is using the word **depart** to mean “die.” This is a mild way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “and he will pass away” or “and he will die”
|
||||
15:31 lr37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אַל־יַאֲמֵ֣ן בשו נִתְעָ֑ה\n\n 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **emptiness** and **recompense**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “Let him not trust in things that have no value… for in return he will receive things that have no value”
|
||||
15:32 j490 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּֽלֹא־י֭וֹמוֹ 1 Eliphaz assumes that Job will understand that by **his day**, he means the day for the wicked to die. You could say that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “When it is not his day to die” or “Before the time would have come for him to die”
|
||||
15:32 j491 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּמָּלֵ֑א 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this will happen”
|
||||
15:32 s26k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝כִפָּת֗וֹ לֹ֣א רַעֲנָֽנָה 1 Eliphaz is continuing the image from the previous verse of the wicked person being like a plant or bush. He is speaking of this plant or bush being alive by association with the way that its branches would be **green** inside if it were alive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, he will die”
|
||||
15:33 beb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile יַחְמֹ֣ס כַּגֶּ֣פֶן בִּסְר֑וֹ וְיַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ כַּ֝זַּ֗יִת נִצָּתֽוֹ 1 The point of these comparisons is that the wicked person will not be able to succeed in his endeavors. They will all end in failure, just as a **grapevine** may not be able to nourish its grapes and so they will fall off while they are still **unripe**, and just as an **olive tree** might lose its **blossoms** due to cold weather in the spring and not bear any fruit that year. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “His endeavors will fail, as if he were a grapevine that lost its grapes because it could not nourish them or an olive tree that bore no fruit because it shed its blossoms due to cold weather in the spring”
|
||||
15:33 g676 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יַחְמֹ֣ס כַּגֶּ֣פֶן בִּסְר֑וֹ וְיַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ כַּ֝זַּ֗יִת נִצָּתֽוֹ 1 Eliphaz speaks as if the grapevine itself would **shake off** its grapes and as if the olive tree itself would **cast off** its blossoms. He means that the grapes will drop from the vine and the blossoms will fall off the tree. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will be like a grapevine whose grapes drop off and an olive tree whose blossoms fall off”
|
||||
15:34 rr5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חָנֵ֣ף 1 Eliphaz is using the adjective **godless** as a noun to mean a certain group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “godless people”
|
||||
15:34 j492 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor גַּלְמ֑וּד 1 This could mean: (1) that godless people literally will have no children or that they will have no children who survive them. Alternate translation: “will have no children who survive them” (2) that godless people will produce nothing of enduring value, as if they had no descendants. Alternate translation: “will produce nothing of enduring value”
|
||||
15:34 v3q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ אָכְלָ֥ה אָֽהֳלֵי־שֹֽׁחַד 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if **fire** would literally devour or eat up these tents. He means that fire would destroy them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and fire destroys the tents of bribery”
|
||||
15:34 x22k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ אָכְלָ֥ה אָֽהֳלֵי־שֹֽׁחַד 1 Eliphaz is using the term **bribery** by association to mean people who pay and demand bribes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and fire destroys the tents of people who engage in bribery”
|
||||
15:34 j493 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ אָכְלָ֥ה אָֽהֳלֵי־שֹֽׁחַד 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if the **tents** in which people engaged in **bribery** live will literally burn up in a **fire**. He means that they will be destroyed by one means or another. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the tents of people who engage in bribery will be destroyed”
|
||||
15:34 j494 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ אָכְלָ֥ה אָֽהֳלֵי־שֹֽׁחַד 1 Eliphaz is using one possession of wicked people, the **tents** in which they live, to mean all of their possessions and their standing in the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [8:22](../08/22.md). Alternate translation: “and those who practice bribery will be without status or means”
|
||||
15:35 u7sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָרֹ֣ה עָ֭מָל וְיָ֣לֹד אָ֑וֶן וּ֝בִטְנָ֗ם תָּכִ֥ין מִרְמָֽה 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if wicked people were literally women who had **trouble**, **iniquity**, and **deceit** as their children. He means that wicked people produce these things in their lives. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “They think of bad things to do and they do wicked things, yes, they intentionally deceive others”
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16:intro j3zc 0 # Job 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s response\nJob expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n### Advocate\n\nJob describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
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16:2 t7wj you are all miserable comforters 0 Alternate translation: “instead of comforting me, you all make me more miserable”
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16:3 p7ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will useless words ever have an end? 0 Job uses this rhetorical question to express that he wishes that they would stop speaking useless words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “How I wish your useless words would end!”
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Reference in New Issue