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Larry's updates to format of Hebrews (#2288) 

Co-authored-by: lrsallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2288
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Larry Sallee 2022-03-03 20:27:04 +00:00
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@ -710,125 +710,130 @@ HEB 12 5 i1a6 figs-activepassive ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος 1
HEB 12 6 zu3c πάντα υἱὸν ὃν παραδέχεται 1 every son whom he receives The word translated **son** is specifically the word for a male child. In that culture the family line continued through the sons, not normally through the daughters. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations)
HEB 12 7 v1gu figs-simile ὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ Θεός 1 God deals with you as with sons This compares God disciplining his people to a father disciplining his **sons**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HEB 12 7 upgq figs-ellipsis ὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ Θεός 1 You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “God deals with you the same way a father deals with his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
HEB 12 7 i3k4 figs-gendernotations υἱοῖς…υἱὸς 1 sons … son You can state **sons** and **son** to include males and females. Alternate translation: “children … child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 12 7 jb38 figs-rquestion τίς γὰρ υἱὸς ὃν οὐ παιδεύει πατήρ? 1 what son is there whom his father does not discipline? The author makes the point throught this question that every good father disciplines his children. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “every father disciplines his children!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 12 8 kwc6 figs-abstractnouns εἰ δὲ χωρίς ἐστε παιδείας, ἧς μέτοχοι γεγόνασι πάντες 1 But if you are without discipline, which all people share in You can restate the abstract noun “discipline” as the verb “disciplining.” Alternate translation: “So if you have not experienced God disciplining you like he disciplines all his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 12 8 s5u9 figs-metaphor ἄρα νόθοι καὶ οὐχ υἱοί ἐστε 1 then you are illegitimate and not his sons Those whom God does not discipline are spoken of as if they are sons born to a man and a woman who are not married each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 9 r4lb figs-exclamations πολὺ…μᾶλλον ὑποταγησόμεθα τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων, καὶ ζήσομεν? 1 How much more should we submit to the Father of spirits and live! The author uses an exclamation to emphasize that we should obey God the Father. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore even more so, we should obey the Father of spirits and live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
HEB 12 9 cl95 figs-idiom τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων 1 the Father of spirits This idiom contrasts with “fathers in the flesh.” Alternate translation: “our spiritual Father” or “our Father in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HEB 12 9 pem8 καὶ ζήσομεν 1 and live “so that we will live”
HEB 12 10 l1a3 figs-metaphor εἰς τὸ μεταλαβεῖν τῆς ἁγιότητος αὐτοῦ 1 so that we can share in his holiness This metaphor speaks of “holiness” as if it were an object that can be shared among people. Alternate translation: “so that we may become holy as God is holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 11 g13e figs-metaphor καρπὸν εἰρηνικὸν…ἀποδίδωσιν δικαιοσύνης 1 it produces the peaceful fruit of righteousness **Fruit** here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “it produces the peaceful result of righteousness” or “it produces righteousness, which results in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 11 xbg8 figs-personification τοῖς δι’ αὐτῆς γεγυμνασμένοις 1 who have been trained by it “who have been trained by discipline.” The discipline or correction done by the Lord is spoken of as if it were the Lord himself. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has trained by disciplining them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 7 i3k4 figs-gendernotations υἱοῖς…υἱὸς 1 sons … son You can state **sons** and **son** to include males and females. Alternate translation: “to children … child is there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 12 7 jb38 figs-rquestion τίς γὰρ υἱὸς ὃν οὐ παιδεύει πατήρ? 1 what son is there whom his father does not discipline? The author makes the point through this question that every good father disciplines his children. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every father disciplines his children!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 12 8 kwc6 figs-abstractnouns εἰ δὲ χωρίς ἐστε παιδείας, ἧς μέτοχοι γεγόνασι πάντες 1 But if you are without discipline, which all people share in You can restate the abstract noun **discipline** with the verb “disciplining.” Alternate translation: “So if you have not experienced God disciplining you like he disciplines all his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 12 8 s5u9 figs-metaphor ἄρα νόθοι καὶ οὐχ υἱοί ἐστε 1 then you are illegitimate and not his sons Those whom God does not discipline are spoken of as if they are **sons** born to a man and a woman who are not married each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 9 r4lb figs-rquestion οὐ πολὺ…μᾶλλον ὑποταγησόμεθα τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων, καὶ ζήσομεν? 1 How much more should we submit to the Father of spirits and live! The author uses an question to emphasize that we should obey God the Father. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “even more so, we should obey the Father of spirits and live!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 12 9 cl95 figs-idiom τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων 1 the Father of spirits The idiom **Father of spirits** contrasts with **fathers of our flesh** earlier in this verse. Alternate translation: “our spiritual Father” or “our Father in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HEB 12 9 pem8 καὶ ζήσομεν 1 and live Alternate translation: “so that we will live”
HEB 12 10 l1a3 figs-metaphor εἰς τὸ μεταλαβεῖν τῆς ἁγιότητος αὐτοῦ 1 so that we can share in his holiness This metaphor speaks of **holiness** as if it were an object that can be shared among people. Alternate translation: “so that we may become holy as God is holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 11 g13e figs-metaphor καρπὸν εἰρηνικὸν…ἀποδίδωσιν δικαιοσύνης 1 it produces the peaceful fruit of righteousness Here, **fruit** here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “it produces the peaceful result of righteousness” or “it produces righteousness, which results in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 11 xbg8 figs-personification τοῖς δι’ αὐτῆς γεγυμνασμένοις 1 who have been trained by it The discipline or correction done by the Lord is spoken of as if it were the Lord himself. Alternate translation: “for those who have been trained by God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HEB 12 11 gaor figs-activepassive τοῖς δι’ αὐτῆς γεγυμνασμένοις 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has trained by disciplining them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 12 cvp9 figs-metaphor τὰς παρειμένας χεῖρας, καὶ τὰ παραλελυμένα γόνατα, ἀνορθώσατε 1 strengthen your hands that hang down and your weak knees. Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in [Hebrews 12:1](../12/01.md). It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 13 yi9n figs-metaphor τροχιὰς ὀρθὰς ποιεῖτε τοῖς ποσὶν ὑμῶν 1 Make straight paths for your feet Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in [Hebrews 12:1](../12/01.md). It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 13 qmq7 figs-metaphor τροχιὰς ὀρθὰς 1 straight paths Living so as to honor and please God is spoken of as if it were a straight path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 13 i19d figs-metaphor μὴ τὸ χωλὸν ἐκτραπῇ 1 what is lame will not be sprained In this metaphor of running a race, “lame” represents another person in the race who is hurt and wants to quit. This, in turn, represent the Christians themselves. Alternate translation: “whoever is weak and wants to quit will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 13 euf9 figs-metaphor μὴ…ἐκτραπῇ 1 will not be sprained Someone who stops obeying God is spoken of as if he injured his foot or ankle on a path. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 13 wq18 figs-metaphor ἰαθῇ…μᾶλλον 1 rather be healed You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “instead become strong” or “instead God will heal him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 14 b6ef 0 General Information: The man Esau, who was told about in the writings of Moses, refers to Isaac’s first son and Jacob’s brother.
HEB 12 14 h45r figs-metaphor εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων 1 Pursue peace with everyone Here the abstract noun **peace** is spoken of as if it were something that a person must chase after and can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Try to live peacefully with everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 12 13 qmq7 figs-metaphor τροχιὰς ὀρθὰς 1 straight paths Living so as to honor and please God is spoken of as if it were a **straight** path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 13 i19d figs-metaphor μὴ τὸ χωλὸν ἐκτραπῇ 1 what is lame will not be sprained In this metaphor of running a race, **lame** represents another person in the race who is hurt and wants to quit. This, in turn, represent the Christians themselves. Alternate translation: “whoever is weak and wants to quit will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 13 euf9 figs-metaphor μὴ…ἐκτραπῇ 1 will not be sprained Someone who stops obeying God is spoken of as if he injured his foot or ankle on a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 13 c8e5 figs-activepassive μὴ…ἐκτραπῇ 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 13 wq18 figs-activepassive ἰαθῇ δὲ μᾶλλον 1 rather be healed You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but instead become strong” or “but instead God will heal him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 14 g22e figs-metaphor εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων 1 Here, **peace** is spoken of as if it were something that a person must chase after. Alternate translation: “Seek to be at peace with everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 14 h45r figs-abstractnouns εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων 1 Pursue peace with everyone You can translate the abstract noun **peace** with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Try to live peacefully with everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 12 14 pa9a figs-doublenegatives καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν, οὗ χωρὶς οὐδεὶς ὄψεται τὸν Κύριον 1 also the holiness without which no one will see the Lord This can be expressed as a positive encouragement. Alternate translation: “also work hard to be holy, because only holy people will see the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
HEB 12 14 v9z7 figs-ellipsis καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν 1 also the holiness You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “also pursue the holiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
HEB 12 15 at8j μή τις ὑστερῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 no one lacks God’s grace “no one receives God’s grace and then lets go of it” or “no one rejects God’s grace after first trusting in him”
HEB 12 15 nh7g figs-metaphor μή τις ῥίζα πικρίας ἄνω φύουσα ἐνοχλῇ, καὶ δι’ αὐτῆς μιανθῶσιν πολλοί 1 that no root of bitterness grows up to cause trouble, so that many do not become polluted by it Hateful or resentful attitudes are spoken of as if they were a plant bitter to the taste. Alternate translation: “that no one becomes like a bitter root, which when it grows causes trouble and harms many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 15 at8j figs-doublenegatives μή τις ὑστερῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 no one lacks God’s grace You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone receives enough of God’s grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
HEB 12 15 nh7g figs-metaphor μή τις ῥίζα πικρίας ἄνω φύουσα ἐνοχλῇ, καὶ δι’ αὐτῆς μιανθῶσιν πολλοί 1 that no root of bitterness grows up to cause trouble, so that many do not become polluted by it Hateful or resentful attitudes are spoken of as if they were a plant that is bitter to the taste. Alternate translation: “that no one becomes like a bitter root, which when it grows causes trouble and harms many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 16 b6ef 0 General Information: **Esau**, who was told about in the writings of Moses, was Isaac’s first son and Jacob’s brother.
HEB 12 17 j6x8 figs-activepassive ἀπεδοκιμάσθη 1 he was rejected You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “his father, Isaac, refused to bless him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 17 d6he figs-abstractnouns μετανοίας γὰρ τόπον οὐχ εὗρεν 1 because he found no opportunity for repentance The abstract noun “repentance” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because it was not possible for him to repent” or “because it was not possible for him to change his decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 12 17 d6he figs-abstractnouns μετανοίας γὰρ τόπον οὐχ εὗρεν 1 because he found no opportunity for repentance You can translate the abstract noun **repentance** with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because it was not possible for him to repent” or “because it was not possible for him to change his decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 12 17 b7k3 καίπερ μετὰ δακρύων ἐκζητήσας αὐτήν 1 even though he sought it with tears Here, **he** refers to Esau.
HEB 12 18 y1ed 0 General Information: The two instances of **you** refer to the Hebrew believers to whom the author wrote. The word **they** refers to people of Israel after Moses led them out of Egypt. The first quotation comes from the writings of Moses. God reveals in this passage in Hebrews that Moses said he shook at seeing the mountain.
HEB 12 18 xti4 0 Connecting Statement: The author gives a contrast between what believers in Moses’ time had while living under the law and what present day believers have after coming to Jesus under the new covenant. He illustrates the experience of the Israelites by describing how God appeared to them at Mount Sinai.
HEB 12 18 y1ed οὐ…προσεληλύθατε 1 General Information: Here, **you** refers to the Hebrew believers to whom the author wrote.
HEB 12 18 a43l figs-explicit οὐ γὰρ προσεληλύθατε, ψηλαφωμένῳ 1 For you have not come to a mountain that can be touched You can state the implicit information explicitly. Alternate translation: “For you have not come, as the people of Israel came, to a mountain that can be touched” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HEB 12 18 w6j6 figs-activepassive προσεληλύθατε 1 that can be touched This means that believers in Christ have not come to a physical mountain like Mount Sinai that a person can touch or see. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that a person can touch” or “that people can perceive with their senses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 19 s3x2 σάλπιγγος ἤχῳ 1 You have not come to a trumpet blast “You have not come to a place where there is the loud sound of a trumpet”
HEB 12 19 x2qk figs-metonymy καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο, μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον 1 nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them Here, **voice** refers to someone speaking. You can state the phrase **be spoken** in active form. Alternate translation: “or where God was speaking in such a way that those who heard him begged him not to speak another word to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 18 w6j6 figs-activepassive ψηλαφωμένῳ 1 that can be touched This means that believers in Christ have not come to a physical mountain like Mount Sinai that a person can touch. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that a person can touch” or “that people can perceive with their senses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 19 x2qk figs-metonymy καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο, μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον 1 nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them Here, **voice** refers to someone speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 12 19 a9uh figs-activepassive καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο, μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον 1 You can state the phrase **be added** in active form. Alternate translation: “or where God was speaking in such a way that those who heard him begged him not to speak another word to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 20 p7qu figs-activepassive τὸ διαστελλόμενον 1 what was commanded You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “what God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 20 x31x figs-activepassive λιθοβοληθήσεται 1 it must be stoned You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you must stone it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 22 w9jj 0 General Information: The man Abel was the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Cain, also their son, murdered Abel.
HEB 12 22 r9dz figs-metaphor Σιὼν Ὄρει 1 Mount Zion The writer speaks of Mount Zion, the temple mount in Jerusalem, as if it were heaven itself, the residence of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 22 k1kv μυριάσιν ἀγγέλων 1 tens of thousands of angels “an uncountable number of angels”
HEB 12 23 j94e figs-metaphor πρωτοτόκων 1 the firstborn This speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 23 km4a figs-activepassive ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς 1 registered in heaven “whose names are written in heaven.” You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whose names God has written in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 22 r9dz figs-metaphor Σιὼν Ὄρει 1 Mount Zion The writer speaks of **Mount Zion**, the location of the Temple in Jerusalem, as if it were heaven itself, the residence of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 22 k1kv μυριάσιν ἀγγέλων 1 tens of thousands of angels Alternate translation: “an uncountable number of angels”
HEB 12 23 j94e figs-metaphor πρωτοτόκων 1 the firstborn Here, **firstborn** is plural and speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 23 km4a figs-activepassive ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς 1 registered in heaven You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whose names God has written in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 23 i7qb figs-activepassive τετελειωμένων 1 who have been made perfect You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has made perfect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 24 kq1v διαθήκης νέας μεσίτῃ 1 the mediator of a new covenant This means Jesus caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist. See how you translated this phrase in [Hebrews 9:15](../09/15.md).
HEB 12 24 nz8l figs-personification αἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ, κρεῖττον λαλοῦντι παρὰ τὸν Ἂβελ 1 the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel’s blood The blood of Jesus and the blood of Abel are spoken of as if they were people calling out. Alternate translation: “the sprinkled blood of Jesus that says better things than the blood of Abel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HEB 12 24 z7uq figs-metonymy αἵματι 1 blood Here, **blood** stands for Jesus’ death, as Abel’s blood stands for his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 12 25 pnn5 figs-you 0 General Information: This quotation is from the prophet Haggai in the Old Testament. The word **you** continues to refer to believers. The word **we** continues to refer to the writer and the readers who are believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
HEB 12 24 kq1v διαθήκης νέας μεσίτῃ 1 the mediator of a new covenant This means **Jesus** caused the **new covenant** between God and humans to exist. See how you translated this phrase in [Hebrews 9:15](../09/15.md).
HEB 12 24 nz8l figs-personification αἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ, κρεῖττον λαλοῦντι παρὰ τὸν Ἂβελ 1 the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel’s blood The **blood** of Jesus and the blood of Abel are spoken of as if they were people calling out. Alternate translation: “the sprinkled blood of Jesus that says better things than the blood of Abel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HEB 12 24 w9jj τὸν Ἂβελ 1 General Information: Abel was the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Cain, also their son, murdered Abel.
HEB 12 24 z7uq figs-metonymy αἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ 1 blood Here, **blood** stands for Jesus’ death, as Abel’s blood stands for his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 12 25 pnn5 figs-you μὴ παραιτήσησθε 1 General Information: This quotation is from the prophet Haggai in the Old Testament. The word **you** continues to refer to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
HEB 12 25 eltr figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς 1 The word **we** continues to refer to the writer and the readers who are believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
HEB 12 25 c9cn 0 Connecting Statement: Having contrasted the Israelites’ experience at Mount Sinai with the believers’ experience after Christ died, the writer reminds believers that they have the same God who warns them today. This is the fifth main warning given to believers.
HEB 12 25 nnk9 figs-doublenegatives μὴ παραιτήσησθε τὸν λαλοῦντα 1 you do not refuse the one who is speaking You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “you pay attention to the one who is speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
HEB 12 25 gkn1 figs-explicit εἰ…ἐκεῖνοι οὐκ ἐξέφυγον 1 if they did not escape You can state the implicit information explicitly. Alternate translation: “if the people of Israel did not escape judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HEB 12 25 fy9u ἐπὶ γῆς…τὸν χρηματίζοντα 1 the one who warned them on earth This could refer to: (1) Moses, who warned them here on earth. (2) God, who warned them at Mount Sinai.
HEB 12 25 s5lj figs-metaphor ἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπ’ οὐρανῶν ἀποστρεφόμενοι 1 if we turn away from the one who is warning Disobeying God is spoken of as if a person were changing direction and walking away from him. Alternate translation: “if we disobey the one who is warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 26 rf4e οὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν 1 his voice shook the earth “when God spoke, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake”
HEB 12 26 i1c8 ἐσάλευσεν…σείσω 1 shook … shake Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God.
HEB 12 25 s5lj figs-metaphor ἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπ’ οὐρανῶν ἀποστρεφόμενοι 1 if we turn away from the one who is warning Rejecting God is spoken of as if a person were changing direction and **turning away from** him. Alternate translation: “if we reject the one who is warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 26 rf4e οὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν τότε 1 his voice shook the earth Alternate translation: “when God spoke at that time, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake”
HEB 12 26 i1c8 ἐσάλευσεν…σείσω 1 shook … shake Translate **shook** and **shake** with words for what an earthquake does when it moves the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God.
HEB 12 27 ylq9 0 General Information: Here the quotation from the prophet Haggai is repeated from the previous verse.
HEB 12 27 z6ys figs-abstractnouns δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν, ὡς πεποιημένων 1 mean the removal of those things that can be shaken, that is, of the things The abstract noun “removal” can be translated with the verb “remove.” You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “mean that God will remove the things that he can shake, that is, the things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 27 l29r τῶν σαλευομένων 1 shaken Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. See how you translated “shook” and “shake” in [Hebrews 12:26](../12/26.md).
HEB 12 27 s3xt figs-activepassive πεποιημένων 1 that have been created You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 27 z6ys figs-abstractnouns δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν 1 mean the removal of those things that can be shaken, that is, of the things You can translate the abstract noun **removal** with the verbal phrase “take away.” Alternate translation: “to the taking away of the things that can be shaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 12 27 dnpi figs-activepassive δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν, ὡς πεποιημένων 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “means that God will remove the things that he can shake, that is, the things that he created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 27 l29r τῶν σαλευομένων 1 shaken Translate **shaken** with the word for what an earthquake does when it moves the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. See how you translated “shook” and “shake” in [Hebrews 12:26](../12/26.md).
HEB 12 27 s3xt figs-activepassive πεποιημένων 1 that have been created You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “of what God has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 27 ta84 figs-activepassive τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα 1 the things that cannot be shaken You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that do not shake” or “the things that cannot shake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 27 zr9x figs-activepassive τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα 1 that cannot be shaken You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that does not shake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 28 m44c grammar-connect-words-phrases βασιλείαν…παραλαμβάνοντες 1 receiving a kingdom You can add the words **because we are** to make clear the logical connection between this statement and the next statement. Alternate translation: “because we are receiving a kingdom” or “because God is making us members of his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
HEB 12 28 btf6 ἔχωμεν χάριν 1 let us be grateful “let us give thanks”
HEB 12 28 m44c grammar-connect-words-phrases βασιλείαν ἀσάλευτον παραλαμβάνοντες 1 receiving a kingdom You can add the words **because we are** to make clear the logical connection between this statement and the next statement. Alternate translation: “because we are receiving an unshakeable kingdom” or “because God is making us members of his kingdom which cannot be shaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
HEB 12 28 btf6 ἔχωμεν χάριν 1 let us be grateful Alternate translation: “let us give thanks”
HEB 12 28 f382 figs-doublet μετὰ εὐλαβείας καὶ δέους 1 with reverence and awe The words **reverence** and **awe** share similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of reverence due to God. Alternate translation: “with great respect and dread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
HEB 12 29 f899 figs-metaphor ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν πῦρ καταναλίσκον 1 our God is a consuming fire God is spoken of here as if he were a fire that can burn up anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 12 29 f899 figs-metaphor ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν πῦρ καταναλίσκον 1 our God is a consuming fire **God* is spoken of here as if he were a **fire** that can burn up anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 intro c8gg 0 # Hebrews 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The author finishes the list of exhortations he began in chapter 12. Then he asks the readers to pray for him and ends the letter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:6, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Hospitality<br><br>God wants his people to invite other people to come to their homes to eat food and even to sleep. His people should do this even if they do not know well the people they are inviting. In the Old Testament, Abraham and his nephew Lot both showed hospitality to people they did not know. Abraham served a costly meal to them, and then Lot invited them to sleep in his house. They learned later that those people were actually angels.
HEB 13 1 sf1n 0 Connecting Statement: In this closing section, the author gives specific instructions to believers on how they are supposed to live.
HEB 13 1 g819 ἡ φιλαδελφία μενέτω 1 Let brotherly love continue “Continue to show your love for other believers as you would for a member of your family”
HEB 13 1 g819 ἡ φιλαδελφία μενέτω 1 Let brotherly love continue Alternate translation: “Continue to show your love for other believers as you would for members of your family”
HEB 13 2 rh7r figs-litotes μὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε 1 Do not forget You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “Be sure to remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
HEB 13 2 y7cd φιλοξενίας 1 hospitality “to welcome and show kindness to strangers”
HEB 13 3 mx5r figs-activepassive ὡς συνδεδεμένοι 1 as if you were bound with them You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if you were tied up along with them” or “as if you were in prison with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 3 d3ze figs-activepassive τῶν κακουχουμένων 1 who are mistreated You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom others are mistreating” or “who are suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 2 y7cd φιλοξενίας 1 hospitality Alternate translation: “to welcome and show kindness to strangers”
HEB 13 3 mx5r figs-activepassive ὡς συνδεδεμένοι 1 as if you were bound with them You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if someone tied you to them” or “as if you were in prison with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 3 d3ze figs-activepassive τῶν κακουχουμένων 1 who are mistreated You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “and those whom others are mistreating” or “and those who are suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 3 g4ap figs-activepassive ὡς καὶ αὐτοὶ ὄντες ἐν σώματι 1 as if you also were them in the body This phrase encourages believers to think about other people’s suffering as they would think about their own suffering. Alternate translation: “as if you were the one suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 4 ix27 figs-activepassive τίμιος ὁ γάμος ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Let marriage be respected by everyone You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Men and women who are married to each other must respect each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 4 ix79 figs-euphemism ἡ κοίτη ἀμίαντος 1 Let the marriage bed be pure This refers to the act of sexual union as if it were only the bed of a married couple. Alternate translation: “Let husbands and wives honor their marriage relationship to one another and not sleep with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 5 sz35 ἀφιλάργυρος ὁ τρόπος 1 Let your conduct be free from the love of money Here, **conduct** refers to a person’s character or the way he lives, and “free from the love of money” refers to not greatly desiring to have more money. A person who loves money is not content with the amount of money he has. Alternate translation: “Let your conduct not be affected by the love of money” or “Do not greatly wish to have more money”
HEB 13 5 n19c ἀρκούμενοι 1 Be content “Be satisfied”
HEB 13 6 c8w6 figs-explicit Κύριος ἐμοὶ βοηθός…ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος 1 The Lord is my helper … do to me This is a quotation from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HEB 13 6 q8ie figs-rquestion οὐ φοβηθήσομαι; τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος? 1 I will not be afraid. What can a man do to me? The author uses a question to emphasize that he does not fear people because God is helping him. Here, **man** means any person in general. Alternate translation: “I will not fear what any person can do to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 13 7 e6b5 τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 God’s word “what God has said”
HEB 13 7 ym9m τὴν ἔκβασιν τῆς ἀναστροφῆς 1 the result of their conduct “the outcome of the way they behave”
HEB 13 7 tvu6 figs-metonymy μιμεῖσθε τὴν πίστιν 1 Imitate their faith Here the trust in God and the way of life led by these leaders are spoken of as **their faith**. Alternate translation: “Trust and obey God in the same way they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 4 ix27 figs-activepassive τίμιος ὁ γάμος ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Let marriage be respected by everyone You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone should consider that marriage is a good and honorable thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 4 ix79 figs-euphemism ἡ κοίτη ἀμίαντος 1 Let the marriage bed be pure Here, **the marriage bed** is a polite way to refer to the act of sexual union of a married couple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
HEB 13 4 aokv figs-metonymy ἡ κοίτη ἀμίαντος 1 This refers to the act of sexual union as if it were only the bed of a married couple. Alternate translation: “let husbands and wives honor their marriage relationship to one another and not sleep with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 5 sz35 figs-metonymy ἀφιλάργυρος ὁ τρόπος 1 Let your conduct be free from the love of money Here, **conduct** refers to a person’s character or the way he lives, and **free from the love of money** refers to not greatly desiring to have more money. A person who loves money is not content with the amount of money he has. Alternate translation: “Let your conduct not be affected by the love of money” or “Do not greatly wish to have more money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 6 c8w6 figs-explicit Κύριος ἐμοὶ βοηθός, καὶ οὐ φοβηθήσομαι; τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος? 1 The Lord is my helper … do to me This is a quotation from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HEB 13 6 q8ie figs-rquestion τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος? 1 I will not be afraid. What can a man do to me? The author uses a question to emphasize that he does not fear people because God is helping him. Alternate translation: “I will not fear what a man can do to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 13 6 bt0z figs-gendernotations τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος? 1 Here, **man** means any person in general. Alternate translation: “What can another person do to me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 13 7 ym9m τὴν ἔκβασιν τῆς ἀναστροφῆς 1 the result of their conduct Alternate translation: “the outcome of the way they behave”
HEB 13 7 tvu6 figs-metonymy μιμεῖσθε τὴν πίστιν 1 Imitate their faith Here the trust in God and the way of life led by these leaders are spoken of as **their faith**. Alternate translation: “trust and obey God in the same way they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 8 dv5g figs-metonymy ἐχθὲς καὶ σήμερον, ὁ αὐτός, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας 1 is the same yesterday, today, and forever Here, **yesterday** means all times in the past. Alternate translation: “is the same in the past, the present, and in the future forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 9 y92c 0 General Information: This section refers to animal sacrifices made by believers in God in Old Testament times, which covered their sins temporarily until the death of Christ came about.
HEB 13 9 dp5w figs-metaphor διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις, μὴ παραφέρεσθε 1 Do not be carried away by various strange teachings Being persuaded by various teachings is spoken of as if a person were being carried away by a force. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let others persuade you to believe their various strange teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 9 fe6i διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις 1 various strange teachings “many, different teachings that are not the good news we told you”
HEB 13 9 tmt1 figs-metaphor καλὸν…χάριτι βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν, οὐ βρώμασιν, ἐν οἷς οὐκ ὠφελήθησαν οἱ περιπατοῦντες 1 it is good that the heart should be strengthened by grace, not by foods that do not help those who walk by them You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we become stronger when we think of how God has been kind to us, but we do not become stronger by obeying rules about food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 9 dp5w figs-metaphor διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις, μὴ παραφέρεσθε 1 Do not be carried away by various strange teachings Being persuaded by **various and strange teachings** is spoken of as if a person were being carried away by a force. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not be persuaded by various and strange teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 9 nbb3 figs-activepassive διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις, μὴ παραφέρεσθε 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let others persuade you to believe their various strange teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 9 fe6i διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις 1 various strange teachings Alternate translation: “by many, different teachings that are not the good news we told you”
HEB 13 9 tmt1 figs-metaphor καλὸν…χάριτι βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν, οὐ βρώμασιν, ἐν οἷς οὐκ ὠφελήθησαν οἱ περιπατοῦντες 1 it is good that the heart should be strengthened by grace, not by foods that do not help those who walk by them You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we become stronger when we think of how God has been kind to us, but we do not become stronger by obeying rules about food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 9 t28u figs-metonymy βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν 1 the heart should be strengthened Here, **heart** is a metonym for the “inner being.” Alternate translation: “we should be strengthened inwardly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 9 ar93 figs-metonymy βρώμασιν 1 foods Here, **foods** stands for rules about food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 9 kf3b figs-metaphor οἱ περιπατοῦντες 1 those who walk by them Living is spoken of as if it were walking. Alternate translation: “those who live by them” or “those who regulate their lives by them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 10 jjy3 figs-metonymy ἔχομεν θυσιαστήριον 1 We have an altar Here, **altar** stands for “place of worship.” It also stands for the animals that the priests in the old covenant sacrificed, from which they took meat for themselves and their families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 11 luf7 figs-activepassive ὧν…εἰσφέρεται ζῴων τὸ αἷμα περὶ ἁμαρτίας εἰς τὰ ἅγια διὰ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως 1 the blood of the animals killed for sins is brought by the high priest into the holy place You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the high priest brings into the holy place the blood of the animals that the priests killed for sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 11 iv19 figs-activepassive τούτων τὰ σώματα κατακαίεται 1 while their bodies are burned You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “while the priests burn the animals’ bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 11 f7nb ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς 1 outside the camp “away from where the people lived”
HEB 13 11 f7nb ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς 1 outside the camp Alternate translation: “away from where the people lived”
HEB 13 12 x48h 0 Connecting Statement: There is a comparison here between Jesus’ sacrifice and the tabernacle sacrifices of the Old Testament.
HEB 13 12 fw9g διὸ 1 So “In the same way” or “Because the bodies of the sacrifices were burned outside the camp” ([Hebrews 13:11](../13/11.md))
HEB 13 12 eq6t figs-metonymy ἔξω τῆς πύλης 1 outside the city gate This stands for “outside the city.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 13 zf8v figs-metaphor τοίνυν ἐξερχώμεθα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς 1 Let us therefore go to him outside the camp Obeying Jesus is spoken of as if a person were leaving the camp to go out where Jesus is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 13 h3j4 figs-metaphor τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν αὐτοῦ φέροντες 1 bearing his shame Disgrace is spoken of as if it were an object that had to be carried in one’s hands or on one’s back. Alternate translation: “while allowing others to insult us just like people insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 14 u2wn ἐπιζητοῦμεν 1 looking for “waiting for”
HEB 13 15 zfy9 figs-metaphor θυσίαν αἰνέσεως 1 a sacrifice of praise Praise is spoken of as if it were a sacrifice of animals or incense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 15 b4p1 figs-metaphor αἰνέσεως…τοῦτ’ ἔστιν καρπὸν χειλέων 1 praise that is the fruit of lips that acknowledge his name Praise is spoken of as if it were fruit produced by the lips of people. Alternate translation: “praise that is produced by the lips of those who acknowledge his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 12 fw9g διὸ 1 So Alternate translation: “In the same way” or “Because the bodies of the sacrifices were burned outside the camp” ([Hebrews 13:11](../13/11.md))
HEB 13 12 eq6t figs-metonymy ἔξω τῆς πύλης 1 outside the city gate Here, **outside the gate** stands for “outside the city.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 13 zf8v figs-metaphor τοίνυν ἐξερχώμεθα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς 1 Let us therefore go to him outside the camp Obeying Jesus is spoken of as if a person were leaving **the camp** to go out where Jesus is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 13 h3j4 figs-metaphor τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν αὐτοῦ φέροντες 1 bearing his shame Here, **reproach** is spoken of as if it were an object that had to be carried in one’s hands or on one’s back. Alternate translation: “while allowing others to insult us just like people insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 14 u2wn ἐπιζητοῦμεν 1 looking for Alternate translation: “we are waiting for”
HEB 13 15 zfy9 figs-metaphor θυσίαν αἰνέσεως 1 a sacrifice of praise Here, **praise** is spoken of as if it were a **sacrifice** of animals or incense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 15 b4p1 figs-metaphor αἰνέσεως διὰ παντὸς τῷ Θεῷ, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν καρπὸν χειλέων ὁμολογούντων τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ 1 praise that is the fruit of lips that acknowledge his name Here, **praise** is spoken of as if it were **fruit** produced by the **lips** of people. Alternate translation: “praise to God in every situation that is produced by the lips of those who acknowledge his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 15 zr2d figs-synecdoche χειλέων ὁμολογούντων τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ 1 lips that acknowledge his name Here, **lips** represents people who speak. Alternate translation: “the lips of those who acknowledge his name” or “those who acknowledge his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
HEB 13 15 v52x figs-metonymy τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ 1 his name A person’s name represents that person. Alternate translation: “him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 16 ma8c figs-litotes τῆς…εὐποιΐας καὶ κοινωνίας μὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε 1 Let us not forget doing good and helping one another You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “Let us always remember to do good and help others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
HEB 13 16 kp76 figs-metaphor τοιαύταις…θυσίαις 1 with such sacrifices Doing good and helping others is spoken of as if they were sacrifices on an altar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 17 n5e8 figs-metaphor ἀγρυπνοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν 1 keep watch over your souls The believers’ souls, that is, the believers’ spiritual well-being, are spoken of as if they were objects or animals that guards could keep watch over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 15 v52x figs-metonymy τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ 1 his name A person’s **name** represents that person. Alternate translation: “him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 16 ma8c figs-litotes τῆς…εὐποιΐας καὶ κοινωνίας μὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε 1 Let us not forget doing good and helping one another You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “let us always remember to do good and to help others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
HEB 13 16 kp76 figs-metaphor τοιαύταις…θυσίαις 1 with such sacrifices Doing good and helping others is spoken of as if they were **sacrifices** on an altar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 17 n5e8 figs-metaphor ἀγρυπνοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν 1 keep watch over your souls The believers’ **souls**, that is, the believers’ spiritual well-being, are spoken of as if they were objects or animals that guards could **keep watch over**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 17 z2yp figs-metonymy μὴ στενάζοντες 1 not with groaning Here, **groaning** stands for sadness or grief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 18 d5hf 0 Connecting Statement: The author closes with a blessing and greetings.
HEB 13 18 xmh1 figs-exclusive προσεύχεσθε περὶ ἡμῶν 1 Pray for us Here, **us** refers to the author and his companions, but not to the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
HEB 13 18 n6gb figs-metaphor πειθόμεθα…ὅτι καλὴν συνείδησιν ἔχομεν 1 we are persuaded that we have a clean conscience Here, **clean** stands for being free from guilt. Alternate translation: “we are certain that we have no guilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 18 n6gb figs-metaphor πειθόμεθα…ὅτι καλὴν συνείδησιν ἔχομεν 1 we are persuaded that we have a clean conscience Here, **good** stands for being free from guilt. Alternate translation: “we are certain that we have no guilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 19 cg4l figs-activepassive ἵνα τάχειον ἀποκατασταθῶ ὑμῖν 1 that I will be returned to you sooner You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God will quickly remove the things that stop my coming to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 20 n66e δὲ 1 Now This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author praises God and gives a final prayer for his readers.
HEB 13 20 d8yq ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ἐκ νεκρῶν τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν…τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ 1 brought back from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus “raised the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, to life”
HEB 13 20 k6n6 ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To raise someone from among them speaks of causing that person to become alive again.
HEB 13 20 gn9w figs-metaphor τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν 1 the great shepherd of the sheep Christ in his role of leader and protector of those who believe in him is spoken of as if he were a shepherd of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 20 qxb8 figs-metonymy ἐν αἵματι διαθήκης αἰωνίου 1 by the blood of the eternal covenant Here, **blood** stands for the death of Jesus, which is the basis for the covenant that will last forever between God and all believers in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 21 qj79 καταρτίσαι ὑμᾶς ἐν παντὶ ἀγαθῷ, εἰς τὸ ποιῆσαι τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ 1 equip you with everything good to do his will “give you every good thing you need in order to do his will” or “make you capable of doing every good thing according to his will”
HEB 13 20 n66e δὲ 1 Now **Now** marks a new section of the letter. Here the author praises God and gives a final prayer for his readers.
HEB 13 20 d8yq ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ἐκ νεκρῶν τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν…τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦν 1 brought back from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus Alternate translation: “raised the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, to life”
HEB 13 20 k6n6 ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 from the dead Here, **the dead** describes all dead people together in the underworld. To bring someone up from among them speaks of causing that person to become alive again.
HEB 13 20 gn9w figs-metaphor τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν 1 the great shepherd of the sheep Christ in his role of leader and protector of those who believe in him is spoken of as if he were a **shepherd** of **sheep**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 13 20 qxb8 figs-metonymy ἐν αἵματι διαθήκης αἰωνίου 1 by the blood of the eternal covenant Here, **blood** stands for the death of Jesus, which is the basis for the **covenant** that will last forever between God and all believers in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 21 qj79 καταρτίσαι ὑμᾶς ἐν παντὶ ἀγαθῷ, εἰς τὸ ποιῆσαι τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ 1 equip you with everything good to do his will Alternate translation: “may he give you every good thing you need in order to do his will” or “may he make you capable of doing every good thing according to his will”
HEB 13 21 r3mi figs-exclusive ποιῶν ἐν ἡμῖν 1 working in us The word **us** refers to the author and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
HEB 13 21 u6iq ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων 1 to whom be the glory forever “whom all people will praise forever”
HEB 13 22 wa9r δὲ 1 Now This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author gives his final comments to his audience.
HEB 13 22 b27j figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers This refers to all the believers to whom he is writing whether male or female. Alternate translation: “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 13 22 d5e6 ἀνέχεσθε τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως 1 bear with the word of encouragement “patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you”
HEB 13 21 u6iq ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων 1 to whom be the glory forever Alternate translation: “whom all people will praise forever”
HEB 13 22 wa9r δὲ 1 Now **Now** marks a new section of the letter. Here the author gives his final comments to his audience.
HEB 13 22 b27j figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Here, **brothers** refers to all the believers to whom the author is writing, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 13 22 d5e6 ἀνέχεσθε τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως 1 bear with the word of encouragement Alternate translation: “patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you”
HEB 13 22 l8b3 figs-metonymy τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως 1 the word of encouragement Here, **word** stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the encouraging message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 13 23 w3m2 figs-activepassive ἀπολελυμένον 1 has been set free You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “is no longer in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 13 24 r7kn ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας 1 Those from Italy greet you This could mean: (1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy. (2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter.
HEB 13 24 kk9c translate-names τῆς Ἰταλίας 1 Italy This is the name of a region at that time. Rome was the then-capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
HEB 13 24 r7kn ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας 1 Those from Italy greet you This could mean: (1) the author is not in **Italy**, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy. (2) the author is in **Italy** while writing this letter.
HEB 13 24 kk9c translate-names τῆς Ἰταλίας 1 Italy **Italy** is the name of a region at that time. At that time, Rome was the capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
710 HEB 12 6 zu3c πάντα υἱὸν ὃν παραδέχεται 1 every son whom he receives The word translated **son** is specifically the word for a male child. In that culture the family line continued through the sons, not normally through the daughters. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations)
711 HEB 12 7 v1gu figs-simile ὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ Θεός 1 God deals with you as with sons This compares God disciplining his people to a father disciplining his **sons**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
712 HEB 12 7 upgq figs-ellipsis ὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ Θεός 1 You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “God deals with you the same way a father deals with his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
713 HEB 12 7 i3k4 figs-gendernotations υἱοῖς…υἱὸς 1 sons … son You can state **sons** and **son** to include males and females. Alternate translation: “children … child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) You can state **sons** and **son** to include males and females. Alternate translation: “to children … child is there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
714 HEB 12 7 jb38 figs-rquestion τίς γὰρ υἱὸς ὃν οὐ παιδεύει πατήρ? 1 what son is there whom his father does not discipline? The author makes the point throught this question that every good father disciplines his children. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “every father disciplines his children!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The author makes the point through this question that every good father disciplines his children. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every father disciplines his children!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
715 HEB 12 8 kwc6 figs-abstractnouns εἰ δὲ χωρίς ἐστε παιδείας, ἧς μέτοχοι γεγόνασι πάντες 1 But if you are without discipline, which all people share in You can restate the abstract noun “discipline” as the verb “disciplining.” Alternate translation: “So if you have not experienced God disciplining you like he disciplines all his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) You can restate the abstract noun **discipline** with the verb “disciplining.” Alternate translation: “So if you have not experienced God disciplining you like he disciplines all his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
716 HEB 12 8 s5u9 figs-metaphor ἄρα νόθοι καὶ οὐχ υἱοί ἐστε 1 then you are illegitimate and not his sons Those whom God does not discipline are spoken of as if they are sons born to a man and a woman who are not married each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Those whom God does not discipline are spoken of as if they are **sons** born to a man and a woman who are not married each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
717 HEB 12 9 r4lb figs-exclamations figs-rquestion πολὺ…μᾶλλον ὑποταγησόμεθα τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων, καὶ ζήσομεν? οὐ πολὺ…μᾶλλον ὑποταγησόμεθα τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων, καὶ ζήσομεν? 1 How much more should we submit to the Father of spirits and live! The author uses an exclamation to emphasize that we should obey God the Father. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore even more so, we should obey the Father of spirits and live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) The author uses an question to emphasize that we should obey God the Father. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “even more so, we should obey the Father of spirits and live!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
718 HEB 12 9 cl95 figs-idiom τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων 1 the Father of spirits This idiom contrasts with “fathers in the flesh.” Alternate translation: “our spiritual Father” or “our Father in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) The idiom **Father of spirits** contrasts with **fathers of our flesh** earlier in this verse. Alternate translation: “our spiritual Father” or “our Father in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
719 HEB 12 9 pem8 καὶ ζήσομεν 1 and live “so that we will live” Alternate translation: “so that we will live”
720 HEB 12 10 l1a3 figs-metaphor εἰς τὸ μεταλαβεῖν τῆς ἁγιότητος αὐτοῦ 1 so that we can share in his holiness This metaphor speaks of “holiness” as if it were an object that can be shared among people. Alternate translation: “so that we may become holy as God is holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This metaphor speaks of **holiness** as if it were an object that can be shared among people. Alternate translation: “so that we may become holy as God is holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
721 HEB 12 11 g13e figs-metaphor καρπὸν εἰρηνικὸν…ἀποδίδωσιν δικαιοσύνης 1 it produces the peaceful fruit of righteousness **Fruit** here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “it produces the peaceful result of righteousness” or “it produces righteousness, which results in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, **fruit** here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “it produces the peaceful result of righteousness” or “it produces righteousness, which results in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
722 HEB 12 11 xbg8 figs-personification τοῖς δι’ αὐτῆς γεγυμνασμένοις 1 who have been trained by it “who have been trained by discipline.” The discipline or correction done by the Lord is spoken of as if it were the Lord himself. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has trained by disciplining them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The discipline or correction done by the Lord is spoken of as if it were the Lord himself. Alternate translation: “for those who have been trained by God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
723 HEB 12 11 gaor figs-activepassive τοῖς δι’ αὐτῆς γεγυμνασμένοις 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has trained by disciplining them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
724 HEB 12 12 cvp9 figs-metaphor τὰς παρειμένας χεῖρας, καὶ τὰ παραλελυμένα γόνατα, ἀνορθώσατε 1 strengthen your hands that hang down and your weak knees. Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in [Hebrews 12:1](../12/01.md). It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
725 HEB 12 13 yi9n figs-metaphor τροχιὰς ὀρθὰς ποιεῖτε τοῖς ποσὶν ὑμῶν 1 Make straight paths for your feet Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in [Hebrews 12:1](../12/01.md). It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
726 HEB 12 13 qmq7 figs-metaphor τροχιὰς ὀρθὰς 1 straight paths Living so as to honor and please God is spoken of as if it were a straight path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Living so as to honor and please God is spoken of as if it were a **straight** path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
727 HEB 12 13 i19d figs-metaphor μὴ τὸ χωλὸν ἐκτραπῇ 1 what is lame will not be sprained In this metaphor of running a race, “lame” represents another person in the race who is hurt and wants to quit. This, in turn, represent the Christians themselves. Alternate translation: “whoever is weak and wants to quit will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) In this metaphor of running a race, **lame** represents another person in the race who is hurt and wants to quit. This, in turn, represent the Christians themselves. Alternate translation: “whoever is weak and wants to quit will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
728 HEB 12 13 euf9 figs-metaphor μὴ…ἐκτραπῇ 1 will not be sprained Someone who stops obeying God is spoken of as if he injured his foot or ankle on a path. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Someone who stops obeying God is spoken of as if he injured his foot or ankle on a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
729 HEB 12 13 wq18 c8e5 figs-metaphor figs-activepassive ἰαθῇ…μᾶλλον μὴ…ἐκτραπῇ 1 rather be healed You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “instead become strong” or “instead God will heal him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
730 HEB 12 14 13 b6ef wq18 figs-activepassive ἰαθῇ δὲ μᾶλλον 0 1 General Information: rather be healed The man Esau, who was told about in the writings of Moses, refers to Isaac’s first son and Jacob’s brother. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but instead become strong” or “but instead God will heal him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
731 HEB 12 14 h45r g22e figs-metaphor εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων 1 Pursue peace with everyone Here the abstract noun **peace** is spoken of as if it were something that a person must chase after and can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Try to live peacefully with everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here, **peace** is spoken of as if it were something that a person must chase after. Alternate translation: “Seek to be at peace with everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
732 HEB 12 14 h45r figs-abstractnouns εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων 1 Pursue peace with everyone You can translate the abstract noun **peace** with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Try to live peacefully with everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
733 HEB 12 14 pa9a figs-doublenegatives καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν, οὗ χωρὶς οὐδεὶς ὄψεται τὸν Κύριον 1 also the holiness without which no one will see the Lord This can be expressed as a positive encouragement. Alternate translation: “also work hard to be holy, because only holy people will see the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
734 HEB 12 14 v9z7 figs-ellipsis καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν 1 also the holiness You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “also pursue the holiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
735 HEB 12 15 at8j figs-doublenegatives μή τις ὑστερῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 no one lacks God’s grace “no one receives God’s grace and then lets go of it” or “no one rejects God’s grace after first trusting in him” You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone receives enough of God’s grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
736 HEB 12 15 nh7g figs-metaphor μή τις ῥίζα πικρίας ἄνω φύουσα ἐνοχλῇ, καὶ δι’ αὐτῆς μιανθῶσιν πολλοί 1 that no root of bitterness grows up to cause trouble, so that many do not become polluted by it Hateful or resentful attitudes are spoken of as if they were a plant bitter to the taste. Alternate translation: “that no one becomes like a bitter root, which when it grows causes trouble and harms many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Hateful or resentful attitudes are spoken of as if they were a plant that is bitter to the taste. Alternate translation: “that no one becomes like a bitter root, which when it grows causes trouble and harms many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
737 HEB 12 16 b6ef 0 General Information: **Esau**, who was told about in the writings of Moses, was Isaac’s first son and Jacob’s brother.
738 HEB 12 17 j6x8 figs-activepassive ἀπεδοκιμάσθη 1 he was rejected You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “his father, Isaac, refused to bless him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
739 HEB 12 17 d6he figs-abstractnouns μετανοίας γὰρ τόπον οὐχ εὗρεν 1 because he found no opportunity for repentance The abstract noun “repentance” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because it was not possible for him to repent” or “because it was not possible for him to change his decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) You can translate the abstract noun **repentance** with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because it was not possible for him to repent” or “because it was not possible for him to change his decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
740 HEB 12 17 b7k3 καίπερ μετὰ δακρύων ἐκζητήσας αὐτήν 1 even though he sought it with tears Here, **he** refers to Esau.
HEB 12 18 y1ed 0 General Information: The two instances of **you** refer to the Hebrew believers to whom the author wrote. The word **they** refers to people of Israel after Moses led them out of Egypt. The first quotation comes from the writings of Moses. God reveals in this passage in Hebrews that Moses said he shook at seeing the mountain.
741 HEB 12 18 xti4 0 Connecting Statement: The author gives a contrast between what believers in Moses’ time had while living under the law and what present day believers have after coming to Jesus under the new covenant. He illustrates the experience of the Israelites by describing how God appeared to them at Mount Sinai.
742 HEB 12 18 y1ed οὐ…προσεληλύθατε 1 General Information: Here, **you** refers to the Hebrew believers to whom the author wrote.
743 HEB 12 18 a43l figs-explicit οὐ γὰρ προσεληλύθατε, ψηλαφωμένῳ 1 For you have not come to a mountain that can be touched You can state the implicit information explicitly. Alternate translation: “For you have not come, as the people of Israel came, to a mountain that can be touched” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
744 HEB 12 18 w6j6 figs-activepassive προσεληλύθατε ψηλαφωμένῳ 1 that can be touched This means that believers in Christ have not come to a physical mountain like Mount Sinai that a person can touch or see. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that a person can touch” or “that people can perceive with their senses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This means that believers in Christ have not come to a physical mountain like Mount Sinai that a person can touch. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that a person can touch” or “that people can perceive with their senses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
745 HEB 12 19 s3x2 x2qk figs-metonymy σάλπιγγος ἤχῳ καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο, μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον 1 You have not come to a trumpet blast nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them “You have not come to a place where there is the loud sound of a trumpet” Here, **voice** refers to someone speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
746 HEB 12 19 x2qk a9uh figs-metonymy figs-activepassive καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο, μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον 1 nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them Here, **voice** refers to someone speaking. You can state the phrase **be spoken** in active form. Alternate translation: “or where God was speaking in such a way that those who heard him begged him not to speak another word to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) You can state the phrase **be added** in active form. Alternate translation: “or where God was speaking in such a way that those who heard him begged him not to speak another word to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
747 HEB 12 20 p7qu figs-activepassive τὸ διαστελλόμενον 1 what was commanded You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “what God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
748 HEB 12 20 x31x figs-activepassive λιθοβοληθήσεται 1 it must be stoned You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you must stone it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
749 HEB 12 22 w9jj r9dz figs-metaphor Σιὼν Ὄρει 0 1 General Information: Mount Zion The man Abel was the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Cain, also their son, murdered Abel. The writer speaks of **Mount Zion**, the location of the Temple in Jerusalem, as if it were heaven itself, the residence of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
750 HEB 12 22 r9dz k1kv figs-metaphor Σιὼν Ὄρει μυριάσιν ἀγγέλων 1 Mount Zion tens of thousands of angels The writer speaks of Mount Zion, the temple mount in Jerusalem, as if it were heaven itself, the residence of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Alternate translation: “an uncountable number of angels”
751 HEB 12 22 23 k1kv j94e figs-metaphor μυριάσιν ἀγγέλων πρωτοτόκων 1 tens of thousands of angels the firstborn “an uncountable number of angels” Here, **firstborn** is plural and speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
752 HEB 12 23 j94e km4a figs-metaphor figs-activepassive πρωτοτόκων ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς 1 the firstborn registered in heaven This speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whose names God has written in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 12 23 km4a figs-activepassive ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς 1 registered in heaven “whose names are written in heaven.” You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whose names God has written in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
753 HEB 12 23 i7qb figs-activepassive τετελειωμένων 1 who have been made perfect You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has made perfect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
754 HEB 12 24 kq1v διαθήκης νέας μεσίτῃ 1 the mediator of a new covenant This means Jesus caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist. See how you translated this phrase in [Hebrews 9:15](../09/15.md). This means **Jesus** caused the **new covenant** between God and humans to exist. See how you translated this phrase in [Hebrews 9:15](../09/15.md).
755 HEB 12 24 nz8l figs-personification αἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ, κρεῖττον λαλοῦντι παρὰ τὸν Ἂβελ 1 the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel’s blood The blood of Jesus and the blood of Abel are spoken of as if they were people calling out. Alternate translation: “the sprinkled blood of Jesus that says better things than the blood of Abel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The **blood** of Jesus and the blood of Abel are spoken of as if they were people calling out. Alternate translation: “the sprinkled blood of Jesus that says better things than the blood of Abel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
756 HEB 12 24 z7uq w9jj figs-metonymy αἵματι τὸν Ἂβελ 1 blood General Information: Here, **blood** stands for Jesus’ death, as Abel’s blood stands for his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Abel was the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Cain, also their son, murdered Abel.
757 HEB 12 25 24 pnn5 z7uq figs-you figs-metonymy αἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ 0 1 General Information: blood This quotation is from the prophet Haggai in the Old Testament. The word **you** continues to refer to believers. The word **we** continues to refer to the writer and the readers who are believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) Here, **blood** stands for Jesus’ death, as Abel’s blood stands for his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
758 HEB 12 25 pnn5 figs-you μὴ παραιτήσησθε 1 General Information: This quotation is from the prophet Haggai in the Old Testament. The word **you** continues to refer to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
759 HEB 12 25 eltr figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς 1 The word **we** continues to refer to the writer and the readers who are believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
760 HEB 12 25 c9cn 0 Connecting Statement: Having contrasted the Israelites’ experience at Mount Sinai with the believers’ experience after Christ died, the writer reminds believers that they have the same God who warns them today. This is the fifth main warning given to believers.
761 HEB 12 25 nnk9 figs-doublenegatives μὴ παραιτήσησθε τὸν λαλοῦντα 1 you do not refuse the one who is speaking You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “you pay attention to the one who is speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
762 HEB 12 25 gkn1 figs-explicit εἰ…ἐκεῖνοι οὐκ ἐξέφυγον 1 if they did not escape You can state the implicit information explicitly. Alternate translation: “if the people of Israel did not escape judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
763 HEB 12 25 fy9u ἐπὶ γῆς…τὸν χρηματίζοντα 1 the one who warned them on earth This could refer to: (1) Moses, who warned them here on earth. (2) God, who warned them at Mount Sinai.
764 HEB 12 25 s5lj figs-metaphor ἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπ’ οὐρανῶν ἀποστρεφόμενοι 1 if we turn away from the one who is warning Disobeying God is spoken of as if a person were changing direction and walking away from him. Alternate translation: “if we disobey the one who is warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Rejecting God is spoken of as if a person were changing direction and **turning away from** him. Alternate translation: “if we reject the one who is warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
765 HEB 12 26 rf4e οὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν οὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν τότε 1 his voice shook the earth “when God spoke, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake” Alternate translation: “when God spoke at that time, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake”
766 HEB 12 26 i1c8 ἐσάλευσεν…σείσω 1 shook … shake Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. Translate **shook** and **shake** with words for what an earthquake does when it moves the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God.
767 HEB 12 27 ylq9 0 General Information: Here the quotation from the prophet Haggai is repeated from the previous verse.
768 HEB 12 27 z6ys figs-abstractnouns δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν, ὡς πεποιημένων δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν 1 mean the removal of those things that can be shaken, that is, of the things The abstract noun “removal” can be translated with the verb “remove.” You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “mean that God will remove the things that he can shake, that is, the things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) You can translate the abstract noun **removal** with the verbal phrase “take away.” Alternate translation: “to the taking away of the things that can be shaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
769 HEB 12 27 l29r dnpi figs-activepassive τῶν σαλευομένων δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν, ὡς πεποιημένων 1 shaken Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. See how you translated “shook” and “shake” in [Hebrews 12:26](../12/26.md). You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “means that God will remove the things that he can shake, that is, the things that he created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
770 HEB 12 27 s3xt l29r figs-activepassive πεποιημένων τῶν σαλευομένων 1 that have been created shaken You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Translate **shaken** with the word for what an earthquake does when it moves the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. See how you translated “shook” and “shake” in [Hebrews 12:26](../12/26.md).
771 HEB 12 27 s3xt figs-activepassive πεποιημένων 1 that have been created You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “of what God has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
772 HEB 12 27 ta84 figs-activepassive τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα 1 the things that cannot be shaken You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that do not shake” or “the things that cannot shake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
773 HEB 12 27 28 zr9x m44c figs-activepassive grammar-connect-words-phrases τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα βασιλείαν ἀσάλευτον παραλαμβάνοντες 1 that cannot be shaken receiving a kingdom You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that does not shake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) You can add the words **because we are** to make clear the logical connection between this statement and the next statement. Alternate translation: “because we are receiving an unshakeable kingdom” or “because God is making us members of his kingdom which cannot be shaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
774 HEB 12 28 m44c btf6 grammar-connect-words-phrases βασιλείαν…παραλαμβάνοντες ἔχωμεν χάριν 1 receiving a kingdom let us be grateful You can add the words **because we are** to make clear the logical connection between this statement and the next statement. Alternate translation: “because we are receiving a kingdom” or “because God is making us members of his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) Alternate translation: “let us give thanks”
HEB 12 28 btf6 ἔχωμεν χάριν 1 let us be grateful “let us give thanks”
775 HEB 12 28 f382 figs-doublet μετὰ εὐλαβείας καὶ δέους 1 with reverence and awe The words **reverence** and **awe** share similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of reverence due to God. Alternate translation: “with great respect and dread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
776 HEB 12 29 f899 figs-metaphor ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν πῦρ καταναλίσκον 1 our God is a consuming fire God is spoken of here as if he were a fire that can burn up anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) **God* is spoken of here as if he were a **fire** that can burn up anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
777 HEB 13 intro c8gg 0 # Hebrews 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The author finishes the list of exhortations he began in chapter 12. Then he asks the readers to pray for him and ends the letter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:6, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Hospitality<br><br>God wants his people to invite other people to come to their homes to eat food and even to sleep. His people should do this even if they do not know well the people they are inviting. In the Old Testament, Abraham and his nephew Lot both showed hospitality to people they did not know. Abraham served a costly meal to them, and then Lot invited them to sleep in his house. They learned later that those people were actually angels.
778 HEB 13 1 sf1n 0 Connecting Statement: In this closing section, the author gives specific instructions to believers on how they are supposed to live.
779 HEB 13 1 g819 ἡ φιλαδελφία μενέτω 1 Let brotherly love continue “Continue to show your love for other believers as you would for a member of your family” Alternate translation: “Continue to show your love for other believers as you would for members of your family”
780 HEB 13 2 rh7r figs-litotes μὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε 1 Do not forget You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “Be sure to remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
781 HEB 13 2 y7cd φιλοξενίας 1 hospitality “to welcome and show kindness to strangers” Alternate translation: “to welcome and show kindness to strangers”
782 HEB 13 3 mx5r figs-activepassive ὡς συνδεδεμένοι 1 as if you were bound with them You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if you were tied up along with them” or “as if you were in prison with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if someone tied you to them” or “as if you were in prison with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
783 HEB 13 3 d3ze figs-activepassive τῶν κακουχουμένων 1 who are mistreated You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom others are mistreating” or “who are suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “and those whom others are mistreating” or “and those who are suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
784 HEB 13 3 g4ap figs-activepassive ὡς καὶ αὐτοὶ ὄντες ἐν σώματι 1 as if you also were them in the body This phrase encourages believers to think about other people’s suffering as they would think about their own suffering. Alternate translation: “as if you were the one suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
785 HEB 13 4 ix27 figs-activepassive τίμιος ὁ γάμος ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Let marriage be respected by everyone You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Men and women who are married to each other must respect each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone should consider that marriage is a good and honorable thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
786 HEB 13 4 ix79 figs-euphemism ἡ κοίτη ἀμίαντος 1 Let the marriage bed be pure This refers to the act of sexual union as if it were only the bed of a married couple. Alternate translation: “Let husbands and wives honor their marriage relationship to one another and not sleep with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here, **the marriage bed** is a polite way to refer to the act of sexual union of a married couple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
787 HEB 13 5 4 sz35 aokv figs-metonymy ἀφιλάργυρος ὁ τρόπος ἡ κοίτη ἀμίαντος 1 Let your conduct be free from the love of money Here, **conduct** refers to a person’s character or the way he lives, and “free from the love of money” refers to not greatly desiring to have more money. A person who loves money is not content with the amount of money he has. Alternate translation: “Let your conduct not be affected by the love of money” or “Do not greatly wish to have more money” This refers to the act of sexual union as if it were only the bed of a married couple. Alternate translation: “let husbands and wives honor their marriage relationship to one another and not sleep with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
788 HEB 13 5 n19c sz35 figs-metonymy ἀρκούμενοι ἀφιλάργυρος ὁ τρόπος 1 Be content Let your conduct be free from the love of money “Be satisfied” Here, **conduct** refers to a person’s character or the way he lives, and **free from the love of money** refers to not greatly desiring to have more money. A person who loves money is not content with the amount of money he has. Alternate translation: “Let your conduct not be affected by the love of money” or “Do not greatly wish to have more money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
789 HEB 13 6 c8w6 figs-explicit Κύριος ἐμοὶ βοηθός…ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος Κύριος ἐμοὶ βοηθός, καὶ οὐ φοβηθήσομαι; τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος? 1 The Lord is my helper … do to me This is a quotation from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
790 HEB 13 6 q8ie figs-rquestion οὐ φοβηθήσομαι; τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος? τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος? 1 I will not be afraid. What can a man do to me? The author uses a question to emphasize that he does not fear people because God is helping him. Here, **man** means any person in general. Alternate translation: “I will not fear what any person can do to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) The author uses a question to emphasize that he does not fear people because God is helping him. Alternate translation: “I will not fear what a man can do to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
791 HEB 13 7 6 e6b5 bt0z figs-gendernotations τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος? 1 God’s word “what God has said” Here, **man** means any person in general. Alternate translation: “What can another person do to me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
792 HEB 13 7 ym9m τὴν ἔκβασιν τῆς ἀναστροφῆς 1 the result of their conduct “the outcome of the way they behave” Alternate translation: “the outcome of the way they behave”
793 HEB 13 7 tvu6 figs-metonymy μιμεῖσθε τὴν πίστιν 1 Imitate their faith Here the trust in God and the way of life led by these leaders are spoken of as **their faith**. Alternate translation: “Trust and obey God in the same way they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here the trust in God and the way of life led by these leaders are spoken of as **their faith**. Alternate translation: “trust and obey God in the same way they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
794 HEB 13 8 dv5g figs-metonymy ἐχθὲς καὶ σήμερον, ὁ αὐτός, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας 1 is the same yesterday, today, and forever Here, **yesterday** means all times in the past. Alternate translation: “is the same in the past, the present, and in the future forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
795 HEB 13 9 y92c 0 General Information: This section refers to animal sacrifices made by believers in God in Old Testament times, which covered their sins temporarily until the death of Christ came about.
796 HEB 13 9 dp5w figs-metaphor διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις, μὴ παραφέρεσθε 1 Do not be carried away by various strange teachings Being persuaded by various teachings is spoken of as if a person were being carried away by a force. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let others persuade you to believe their various strange teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Being persuaded by **various and strange teachings** is spoken of as if a person were being carried away by a force. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not be persuaded by various and strange teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
797 HEB 13 9 fe6i nbb3 figs-activepassive διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις, μὴ παραφέρεσθε 1 various strange teachings “many, different teachings that are not the good news we told you” You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let others persuade you to believe their various strange teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
798 HEB 13 9 tmt1 fe6i figs-metaphor καλὸν…χάριτι βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν, οὐ βρώμασιν, ἐν οἷς οὐκ ὠφελήθησαν οἱ περιπατοῦντες διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις 1 it is good that the heart should be strengthened by grace, not by foods that do not help those who walk by them various strange teachings You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we become stronger when we think of how God has been kind to us, but we do not become stronger by obeying rules about food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Alternate translation: “by many, different teachings that are not the good news we told you”
799 HEB 13 9 tmt1 figs-metaphor καλὸν…χάριτι βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν, οὐ βρώμασιν, ἐν οἷς οὐκ ὠφελήθησαν οἱ περιπατοῦντες 1 it is good that the heart should be strengthened by grace, not by foods that do not help those who walk by them You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we become stronger when we think of how God has been kind to us, but we do not become stronger by obeying rules about food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
800 HEB 13 9 t28u figs-metonymy βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν 1 the heart should be strengthened Here, **heart** is a metonym for the “inner being.” Alternate translation: “we should be strengthened inwardly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
801 HEB 13 9 ar93 figs-metonymy βρώμασιν 1 foods Here, **foods** stands for rules about food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
802 HEB 13 9 kf3b figs-metaphor οἱ περιπατοῦντες 1 those who walk by them Living is spoken of as if it were walking. Alternate translation: “those who live by them” or “those who regulate their lives by them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
803 HEB 13 10 jjy3 figs-metonymy ἔχομεν θυσιαστήριον 1 We have an altar Here, **altar** stands for “place of worship.” It also stands for the animals that the priests in the old covenant sacrificed, from which they took meat for themselves and their families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
804 HEB 13 11 luf7 figs-activepassive ὧν…εἰσφέρεται ζῴων τὸ αἷμα περὶ ἁμαρτίας εἰς τὰ ἅγια διὰ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως 1 the blood of the animals killed for sins is brought by the high priest into the holy place You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the high priest brings into the holy place the blood of the animals that the priests killed for sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
805 HEB 13 11 iv19 figs-activepassive τούτων τὰ σώματα κατακαίεται 1 while their bodies are burned You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “while the priests burn the animals’ bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
806 HEB 13 11 f7nb ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς 1 outside the camp “away from where the people lived” Alternate translation: “away from where the people lived”
807 HEB 13 12 x48h 0 Connecting Statement: There is a comparison here between Jesus’ sacrifice and the tabernacle sacrifices of the Old Testament.
808 HEB 13 12 fw9g διὸ 1 So “In the same way” or “Because the bodies of the sacrifices were burned outside the camp” ([Hebrews 13:11](../13/11.md)) Alternate translation: “In the same way” or “Because the bodies of the sacrifices were burned outside the camp” ([Hebrews 13:11](../13/11.md))
809 HEB 13 12 eq6t figs-metonymy ἔξω τῆς πύλης 1 outside the city gate This stands for “outside the city.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here, **outside the gate** stands for “outside the city.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
810 HEB 13 13 zf8v figs-metaphor τοίνυν ἐξερχώμεθα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς 1 Let us therefore go to him outside the camp Obeying Jesus is spoken of as if a person were leaving the camp to go out where Jesus is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Obeying Jesus is spoken of as if a person were leaving **the camp** to go out where Jesus is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
811 HEB 13 13 h3j4 figs-metaphor τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν αὐτοῦ φέροντες 1 bearing his shame Disgrace is spoken of as if it were an object that had to be carried in one’s hands or on one’s back. Alternate translation: “while allowing others to insult us just like people insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, **reproach** is spoken of as if it were an object that had to be carried in one’s hands or on one’s back. Alternate translation: “while allowing others to insult us just like people insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
812 HEB 13 14 u2wn ἐπιζητοῦμεν 1 looking for “waiting for” Alternate translation: “we are waiting for”
813 HEB 13 15 zfy9 figs-metaphor θυσίαν αἰνέσεως 1 a sacrifice of praise Praise is spoken of as if it were a sacrifice of animals or incense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, **praise** is spoken of as if it were a **sacrifice** of animals or incense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
814 HEB 13 15 b4p1 figs-metaphor αἰνέσεως…τοῦτ’ ἔστιν καρπὸν χειλέων αἰνέσεως διὰ παντὸς τῷ Θεῷ, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν καρπὸν χειλέων ὁμολογούντων τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ 1 praise that is the fruit of lips that acknowledge his name Praise is spoken of as if it were fruit produced by the lips of people. Alternate translation: “praise that is produced by the lips of those who acknowledge his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, **praise** is spoken of as if it were **fruit** produced by the **lips** of people. Alternate translation: “praise to God in every situation that is produced by the lips of those who acknowledge his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
815 HEB 13 15 zr2d figs-synecdoche χειλέων ὁμολογούντων τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ 1 lips that acknowledge his name Here, **lips** represents people who speak. Alternate translation: “the lips of those who acknowledge his name” or “those who acknowledge his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
816 HEB 13 15 v52x figs-metonymy τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ 1 his name A person’s name represents that person. Alternate translation: “him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) A person’s **name** represents that person. Alternate translation: “him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
817 HEB 13 16 ma8c figs-litotes τῆς…εὐποιΐας καὶ κοινωνίας μὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε 1 Let us not forget doing good and helping one another You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “Let us always remember to do good and help others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “let us always remember to do good and to help others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
818 HEB 13 16 kp76 figs-metaphor τοιαύταις…θυσίαις 1 with such sacrifices Doing good and helping others is spoken of as if they were sacrifices on an altar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Doing good and helping others is spoken of as if they were **sacrifices** on an altar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
819 HEB 13 17 n5e8 figs-metaphor ἀγρυπνοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν 1 keep watch over your souls The believers’ souls, that is, the believers’ spiritual well-being, are spoken of as if they were objects or animals that guards could keep watch over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The believers’ **souls**, that is, the believers’ spiritual well-being, are spoken of as if they were objects or animals that guards could **keep watch over**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
820 HEB 13 17 z2yp figs-metonymy μὴ στενάζοντες 1 not with groaning Here, **groaning** stands for sadness or grief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
821 HEB 13 18 d5hf 0 Connecting Statement: The author closes with a blessing and greetings.
822 HEB 13 18 xmh1 figs-exclusive προσεύχεσθε περὶ ἡμῶν 1 Pray for us Here, **us** refers to the author and his companions, but not to the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
823 HEB 13 18 n6gb figs-metaphor πειθόμεθα…ὅτι καλὴν συνείδησιν ἔχομεν 1 we are persuaded that we have a clean conscience Here, **clean** stands for being free from guilt. Alternate translation: “we are certain that we have no guilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, **good** stands for being free from guilt. Alternate translation: “we are certain that we have no guilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
824 HEB 13 19 cg4l figs-activepassive ἵνα τάχειον ἀποκατασταθῶ ὑμῖν 1 that I will be returned to you sooner You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God will quickly remove the things that stop my coming to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
825 HEB 13 20 n66e δὲ 1 Now This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author praises God and gives a final prayer for his readers. **Now** marks a new section of the letter. Here the author praises God and gives a final prayer for his readers.
826 HEB 13 20 d8yq ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ἐκ νεκρῶν τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν…τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ἐκ νεκρῶν τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν…τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦν 1 brought back from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus “raised the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, to life” Alternate translation: “raised the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, to life”
827 HEB 13 20 k6n6 ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To raise someone from among them speaks of causing that person to become alive again. Here, **the dead** describes all dead people together in the underworld. To bring someone up from among them speaks of causing that person to become alive again.
828 HEB 13 20 gn9w figs-metaphor τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν 1 the great shepherd of the sheep Christ in his role of leader and protector of those who believe in him is spoken of as if he were a shepherd of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Christ in his role of leader and protector of those who believe in him is spoken of as if he were a **shepherd** of **sheep**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
829 HEB 13 20 qxb8 figs-metonymy ἐν αἵματι διαθήκης αἰωνίου 1 by the blood of the eternal covenant Here, **blood** stands for the death of Jesus, which is the basis for the covenant that will last forever between God and all believers in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here, **blood** stands for the death of Jesus, which is the basis for the **covenant** that will last forever between God and all believers in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
830 HEB 13 21 qj79 καταρτίσαι ὑμᾶς ἐν παντὶ ἀγαθῷ, εἰς τὸ ποιῆσαι τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ 1 equip you with everything good to do his will “give you every good thing you need in order to do his will” or “make you capable of doing every good thing according to his will” Alternate translation: “may he give you every good thing you need in order to do his will” or “may he make you capable of doing every good thing according to his will”
831 HEB 13 21 r3mi figs-exclusive ποιῶν ἐν ἡμῖν 1 working in us The word **us** refers to the author and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
832 HEB 13 21 u6iq ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων 1 to whom be the glory forever “whom all people will praise forever” Alternate translation: “whom all people will praise forever”
833 HEB 13 22 wa9r δὲ 1 Now This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author gives his final comments to his audience. **Now** marks a new section of the letter. Here the author gives his final comments to his audience.
834 HEB 13 22 b27j figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers This refers to all the believers to whom he is writing whether male or female. Alternate translation: “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) Here, **brothers** refers to all the believers to whom the author is writing, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
835 HEB 13 22 d5e6 ἀνέχεσθε τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως 1 bear with the word of encouragement “patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you” Alternate translation: “patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you”
836 HEB 13 22 l8b3 figs-metonymy τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως 1 the word of encouragement Here, **word** stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the encouraging message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
837 HEB 13 23 w3m2 figs-activepassive ἀπολελυμένον 1 has been set free You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “is no longer in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
838 HEB 13 24 r7kn ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας 1 Those from Italy greet you This could mean: (1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy. (2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter. This could mean: (1) the author is not in **Italy**, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy. (2) the author is in **Italy** while writing this letter.
839 HEB 13 24 kk9c translate-names τῆς Ἰταλίας 1 Italy This is the name of a region at that time. Rome was the then-capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) **Italy** is the name of a region at that time. At that time, Rome was the capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])