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@ -236,12 +236,12 @@ front:intro l57g 0 # Introduction to Zephaniah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
3:8 izp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠עַ֑ד 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he were a predatory animal and the wicked **nations** and **kingdoms** that he is going to punish were **prey** that he was going to pounce on. (This could be an allusion to the description of Jerusalem’s “princes” as “lions” and its “judges” as “wolves” in [3:3](../03/03.md), indicating that those who preyed on others will themselves become prey.) If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to punish wicked people”
3:8 mvx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠עַ֑ד 1 The phrase translated **to the prey** could also be translated **as a witness**. If that is the meaning, then Yahweh would be speaking as if he were literally going to stand up and give evidence that these kingdoms and nations had sinned wickedly against him. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT. Alternate translation: “as if I were going testify against you”
3:8 z116 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠שְׁפֹּ֨ךְ עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֤ם זַעְמִ⁠י֙ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if his **indignation** were a liquid that he was going to **pour out** onto wicked nations and kingdoms. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to punish them in my indignation”
3:8 q1ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish כֹּ֚ל חֲר֣וֹן אַפִּ֔⁠י 1 The phrase **all of the burning of my nose** is a further description of Yahweh’s **indignation**. See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “My anger against them is very intense”
3:8 q1ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish כֹּ֚ל חֲר֣וֹן אַפִּ֔⁠י 1 The phrase **all of the burning of my nose** is a further description of Yahweh’s **indignation**. See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “My anger against them is very intense”
3:8 ge59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠אֵ֣שׁ קִנְאָתִ֔⁠י תֵּאָכֵ֖ל כָּל־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:18](../01/18.md). As the General Introduction to Zephaniah indicates, these parallel statements mark the boundaries between the major sections of the book. It may be helpful to your readers to translate them in the same way. Alternate translation: “I will destroy all of the people who live on the earth when I punish them in my jealousy”
3:9 la62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּֽי־& אֶהְפֹּ֥ךְ אֶל־עַמִּ֖ים שָׂפָ֣ה בְרוּרָ֑ה לִ⁠קְרֹ֤א כֻלָּ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **lip** by association to mean the capacity to speak. He could mean: (1) the peoples were saying wicked things because their character was wicked, but he will purify their character so that they will say pure things. Alternate translation: “I will surely give the peoples righteous character so that they will say pure things; then they will pray to me acceptably” (2) that by invoking the names of other gods (as described in [1:5](../01/01.md)), they had made themselves unworthy to pray to Yahweh, but he will cleanse their capacity to speak so that they can pray to him. Alternate translation: “I will surely cleanse the speech of the peoples from the defilement of the names of other gods so that they can pray to me acceptably”
3:9 z117 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns כִּֽי & אֶהְפֹּ֥ךְ אֶל־עַמִּ֖ים שָׂפָ֣ה בְרוּרָ֑ה 1 Since Yahweh is speaking of many **peoples**, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **lip**. Alternate translation: “I will surely give the peoples pure lips”
3:9 la62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּֽי־& אֶהְפֹּ֥ךְ אֶל־עַמִּ֖ים שָׂפָ֣ה בְרוּרָ֑ה לִ⁠קְרֹ֤א כֻלָּ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **lip** by association to mean the capacity to speak. He could mean: (1) the peoples were saying wicked things because their character was wicked, but he will purify their character so that they will say pure things. Alternate translation: “I will surely give the peoples righteous character so that they will say pure things; then they will pray to me acceptably” (2) that by invoking the names of other gods (as described in [1:5](../01/05.md)), they had made themselves unworthy to pray to Yahweh, but he will cleanse their capacity to speak so that they can pray to him. Alternate translation: “I will surely cleanse the speech of the peoples from the defilement of the names of other gods so that they can pray to me acceptably”
3:9 z117 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns כִּֽי & אֶהְפֹּ֥ךְ אֶל־עַמִּ֖ים שָׂפָ֣ה בְרוּרָ֑ה 1 Since Yahweh is speaking of many **peoples**, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **lip**. Alternate translation: “I will surely give the peoples pure lips”
3:9 k8y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠קְרֹ֤א כֻלָּ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה 1 Here, **name** represents a person by association with the way that each person has a name. However, in this instance there is also the idea that the peoples will call upon Yahweh (that is, pray to him) by name, acknowledging him as God. Alternate translation: “for all of them to pray to Yahweh by name”
3:9 z118 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person בְּ⁠שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה לְ⁠עָבְד֖⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “upon my name, to serve me”
3:9 z118 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person בְּ⁠שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה לְ⁠עָבְד֖⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “upon my name, to serve me”
3:9 f339 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׁכֶ֥ם אֶחָֽד 1 Yahweh is using this expression to mean that the peoples will serve him unitedly, as if they were all putting their shoulders together to lift or push something heavy. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “shoulder to shoulder” or “together”
3:10 zs4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠עֵ֖בֶר לְ⁠נַֽהֲרֵי־כ֑וּשׁ 1 Yahweh is using one distant place, the area around the **rivers of Cush** (the upper Nile region), to mean distant places in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From even as far away as across the rivers of Cush” or “From even the most distant places”
3:10 z119 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בַּת־פוּצַ֔⁠י 1 Here the expression **daughter of** describes the people who make up a certain group. The group in view here is the Jewish nation that will have been **scattered** into many different places through exile. Alternate translation: “the people of my scattered nation”
@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ front:intro l57g 0 # Introduction to Zephaniah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
3:11 y6pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עַלִּיזֵי֙ גַּאֲוָתֵ֔⁠ךְ 1 Yahweh is using this possessive form to describe **exultant** or boastful people in the city of Jerusalem who are characterized by pride. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the people who have been boasting so proudly”
3:12 z122 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular בְ⁠קִרְבֵּ֔⁠ךְ 1 See whether you decided to use the singular or plural form of “you” and “your” in the previous verse. It would be helpful to use the same form here.
3:12 z123 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet עַ֥ם עָנִ֖י וָ⁠דָ֑ל 1 The terms **humble** and **lowly** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “a genuinely humble people”
3:12 z124 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠חָס֖וּ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “and they will trust in my name”
3:12 z124 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠חָס֖וּ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “and they will trust in my name”
3:12 c1gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠חָס֖וּ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה 1 Here, **name** represents a person by association with the way that each person has a name. Alternate translation: “and they will trust in me personally”
3:13 y163 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns וְ⁠לֹא־יְדַבְּר֣וּ כָזָ֔ב וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִמָּצֵ֥א בְּ⁠פִי⁠הֶ֖ם לְשׁ֣וֹן תַּרְמִ֑ית 1 and they will not speak a lie, and a tongue of deceit will not be found in their mouth Since Yahweh is speaking of many people, it may be more natural in your language to use plural forms here. Alternate translation: “and they will not speak lies, and tongues of deceit will not be found in their mouths”
3:13 b2m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְ⁠לֹא־יְדַבְּר֣וּ כָזָ֔ב וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִמָּצֵ֥א בְּ⁠פִי⁠הֶ֖ם לְשׁ֣וֹן תַּרְמִ֑ית 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. You may wish to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation but connecting them with a word other than **and**. Alternate translation: “and they will not speak lies; no, tongues of deceit will not be found in their mouths”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
236 3:8 izp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠עַ֑ד 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he were a predatory animal and the wicked **nations** and **kingdoms** that he is going to punish were **prey** that he was going to pounce on. (This could be an allusion to the description of Jerusalem’s “princes” as “lions” and its “judges” as “wolves” in [3:3](../03/03.md), indicating that those who preyed on others will themselves become prey.) If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to punish wicked people”
237 3:8 mvx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠עַ֑ד 1 The phrase translated **to the prey** could also be translated **as a witness**. If that is the meaning, then Yahweh would be speaking as if he were literally going to stand up and give evidence that these kingdoms and nations had sinned wickedly against him. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT. Alternate translation: “as if I were going testify against you”
238 3:8 z116 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠שְׁפֹּ֨ךְ עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֤ם זַעְמִ⁠י֙ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if his **indignation** were a liquid that he was going to **pour out** onto wicked nations and kingdoms. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to punish them in my indignation”
239 3:8 q1ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish כֹּ֚ל חֲר֣וֹן אַפִּ֔⁠י כֹּ֚ל חֲר֣וֹן אַפִּ֔⁠י 1 The phrase **all of the burning of my nose** is a further description of Yahweh’s **indignation**. See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “My anger against them is very intense”
240 3:8 ge59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠אֵ֣שׁ קִנְאָתִ֔⁠י תֵּאָכֵ֖ל כָּל־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:18](../01/18.md). As the General Introduction to Zephaniah indicates, these parallel statements mark the boundaries between the major sections of the book. It may be helpful to your readers to translate them in the same way. Alternate translation: “I will destroy all of the people who live on the earth when I punish them in my jealousy”
241 3:9 la62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּֽי־& אֶהְפֹּ֥ךְ אֶל־עַמִּ֖ים שָׂפָ֣ה בְרוּרָ֑ה לִ⁠קְרֹ֤א כֻלָּ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־& אֶהְפֹּ֥ךְ אֶל־עַמִּ֖ים שָׂפָ֣ה בְרוּרָ֑ה לִ⁠קְרֹ֤א כֻלָּ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **lip** by association to mean the capacity to speak. He could mean: (1) the peoples were saying wicked things because their character was wicked, but he will purify their character so that they will say pure things. Alternate translation: “I will surely give the peoples righteous character so that they will say pure things; then they will pray to me acceptably” (2) that by invoking the names of other gods (as described in [1:5](../01/01.md)), they had made themselves unworthy to pray to Yahweh, but he will cleanse their capacity to speak so that they can pray to him. Alternate translation: “I will surely cleanse the speech of the peoples from the defilement of the names of other gods so that they can pray to me acceptably” Yahweh is using the term **lip** by association to mean the capacity to speak. He could mean: (1) the peoples were saying wicked things because their character was wicked, but he will purify their character so that they will say pure things. Alternate translation: “I will surely give the peoples righteous character so that they will say pure things; then they will pray to me acceptably” (2) that by invoking the names of other gods (as described in [1:5](../01/05.md)), they had made themselves unworthy to pray to Yahweh, but he will cleanse their capacity to speak so that they can pray to him. Alternate translation: “I will surely cleanse the speech of the peoples from the defilement of the names of other gods so that they can pray to me acceptably”
242 3:9 z117 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns כִּֽי & אֶהְפֹּ֥ךְ אֶל־עַמִּ֖ים שָׂפָ֣ה בְרוּרָ֑ה כִּֽי & אֶהְפֹּ֥ךְ אֶל־עַמִּ֖ים שָׂפָ֣ה בְרוּרָ֑ה 1 Since Yahweh is speaking of many **peoples**, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **lip**. Alternate translation: “I will surely give the peoples pure lips”
243 3:9 k8y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠קְרֹ֤א כֻלָּ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה 1 Here, **name** represents a person by association with the way that each person has a name. However, in this instance there is also the idea that the peoples will call upon Yahweh (that is, pray to him) by name, acknowledging him as God. Alternate translation: “for all of them to pray to Yahweh by name”
244 3:9 z118 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person בְּ⁠שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה לְ⁠עָבְד֖⁠וֹ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה לְ⁠עָבְד֖⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “upon my name, to serve me”
245 3:9 f339 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׁכֶ֥ם אֶחָֽד 1 Yahweh is using this expression to mean that the peoples will serve him unitedly, as if they were all putting their shoulders together to lift or push something heavy. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “shoulder to shoulder” or “together”
246 3:10 zs4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠עֵ֖בֶר לְ⁠נַֽהֲרֵי־כ֑וּשׁ 1 Yahweh is using one distant place, the area around the **rivers of Cush** (the upper Nile region), to mean distant places in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From even as far away as across the rivers of Cush” or “From even the most distant places”
247 3:10 z119 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בַּת־פוּצַ֔⁠י 1 Here the expression **daughter of** describes the people who make up a certain group. The group in view here is the Jewish nation that will have been **scattered** into many different places through exile. Alternate translation: “the people of my scattered nation”
251 3:11 y6pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עַלִּיזֵי֙ גַּאֲוָתֵ֔⁠ךְ 1 Yahweh is using this possessive form to describe **exultant** or boastful people in the city of Jerusalem who are characterized by pride. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the people who have been boasting so proudly”
252 3:12 z122 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular בְ⁠קִרְבֵּ֔⁠ךְ 1 See whether you decided to use the singular or plural form of “you” and “your” in the previous verse. It would be helpful to use the same form here.
253 3:12 z123 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet עַ֥ם עָנִ֖י וָ⁠דָ֑ל 1 The terms **humble** and **lowly** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “a genuinely humble people”
254 3:12 z124 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠חָס֖וּ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה וְ⁠חָס֖וּ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “and they will trust in my name”
255 3:12 c1gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠חָס֖וּ בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה 1 Here, **name** represents a person by association with the way that each person has a name. Alternate translation: “and they will trust in me personally”
256 3:13 y163 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns וְ⁠לֹא־יְדַבְּר֣וּ כָזָ֔ב וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִמָּצֵ֥א בְּ⁠פִי⁠הֶ֖ם לְשׁ֣וֹן תַּרְמִ֑ית 1 and they will not speak a lie, and a tongue of deceit will not be found in their mouth Since Yahweh is speaking of many people, it may be more natural in your language to use plural forms here. Alternate translation: “and they will not speak lies, and tongues of deceit will not be found in their mouths”
257 3:13 b2m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְ⁠לֹא־יְדַבְּר֣וּ כָזָ֔ב וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִמָּצֵ֥א בְּ⁠פִי⁠הֶ֖ם לְשׁ֣וֹן תַּרְמִ֑ית 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. You may wish to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation but connecting them with a word other than **and**. Alternate translation: “and they will not speak lies; no, tongues of deceit will not be found in their mouths”