From f606aa355e19c57f94eef9b1f2f686c7b42b81eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: pjoakes Date: Tue, 5 Dec 2023 17:45:58 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Merge pjoakes-tc-create-1 into master by pjoakes (#3568) Co-authored-by: pjoakes Co-committed-by: pjoakes --- tn_1JN.tsv | 4 ++-- tn_NEH.tsv | 2 +- 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_1JN.tsv b/tn_1JN.tsv index 4c781d0135..39d2e57d43 100644 --- a/tn_1JN.tsv +++ b/tn_1JN.tsv @@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ front:intro nl27 0 # Introduction to 1 John\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio 2:18 esd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐσχάτη ὥρα ἐστίν -1 John is using the term **hour** to refer a specific time. The expression **the last hour** refers specifically to the time at the end of earthly history just before Jesus returns. Alternate translation: “Jesus will return soon … Jesus will return soon” 2:18 r2vq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀντίχριστος ἔρχεται, καὶ νῦν ἀντίχριστοι πολλοὶ γεγόνασιν 1 See the discussion of the terms **antichrist** and **antichrists** in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “someone is coming who will lead a great opposition to Jesus, already many people are opposing Jesus in that way now” 2:19 rmj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐξ ἡμῶν ἐξῆλθαν 1 These people formerly met with the group of believers to whom John is writing. While they physically left the places where the believers met, John is also using the expression **went out** to mean that these people stopped being part of the group. Alternate translation: “They left our group of believers in Jesus” -2:19 ytb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἦσαν ἐξ ἡμῶν & οὐκ εἰσὶν πάντες ἐξ ἡμῶν 1 John is using the expression **from us** in a slightly different sense in these instances than in the first instance in the verse. In the first instance, it means that these people left the group. In this instance, it means that they were never genuinely part of the group. Alternate translation: “but they were never genuinely part of our group … none of them are genuinely part of our group” +2:19 ytb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἦσαν ἐξ ἡμῶν & οὐκ εἰσὶν πάντες ἐξ ἡμῶν 1 John is using the expression **from us** in a slightly different sense in these two instances than in the first instance that says, **They went out from us**. In the first instance, it means that these people left the group. In these instances, it means that they were never genuinely part of the group. Alternate translation: “but they were never genuinely part of our group … none of them are genuinely part of our group” 2:19 j113 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐκ ἦσαν ἐξ ἡμῶν 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state explicitly why John makes this claim. Alternate translation: “they were never genuinely part of our group, because they did not actually believe in Jesus in the first place” 2:19 j114 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary εἰ γὰρ ἐξ ἡμῶν ἦσαν, μεμενήκεισαν ἂν μεθ’ ἡμῶν 1 John is presenting a situation that is not real to help his readers recognize why the claim that he is making is true. Alternate translation: “We know that they were not genuinely part of our group, because they did not continue to participate in it” 2:19 jin1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor μεμενήκεισαν ἂν μεθ’ ἡμῶν 1 See the discussion of the term “remain” in Part 3 of the Introduction to 1 John. Here the word seems to refer to continuing participation in a group. Alternate translation: “they would have continued to participate in our group” -2:19 j115 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ἵνα φανερωθῶσιν ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν πάντες ἐξ ἡμῶν 1 John is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from the previous sentence. Alternate translation: “but they left us so that their actions would reveal that all of them were not genuinely part of our group” +2:19 j115 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ἵνα φανερωθῶσιν ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν πάντες ἐξ ἡμῶν 1 John is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from the previous sentence. Alternate translation: “but they went out from us so that they would be revealed as not genuinely part of our group” 2:19 j116 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἵνα φανερωθῶσιν 1 See the discussion of the term “appear” in Part 3 of the Introduction to 1 John. Here, the people were revealed as unbelievers when they left the group. If your language does not use passive forms, you can express this with an active form, and you can state what is doing the action. Alternate translation: “they left so that their actions would reveal” 2:20 j118 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast καὶ 1 John is using the word **And** to introduce a contrast between the people who left the group and the remaining believers to whom he is writing. Alternate translation: “However,” 2:20 i3m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὑμεῖς χρῖσμα ἔχετε ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἁγίου 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **anointing** with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the Holy One has anointed you” diff --git a/tn_NEH.tsv b/tn_NEH.tsv index 26ab4b7b07..444b63ec7e 100644 --- a/tn_NEH.tsv +++ b/tn_NEH.tsv @@ -1732,7 +1732,7 @@ front:intro k2y2 0 # Introduction to Nehemiah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct 13:5 k1e9 וּ⁠מַעְשַׂ֤ר הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר 1 This means the portion, one tenth, of their crops and produce that the Israelites had promised to contribute to support the temple personnel, as described in [10:37–38](../10/37.md). Alternate translation: “the tenth of their crops and produce” 13:5 k1f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction וּ⁠מַעְשַׂ֤ר 1 A **tithe** means a tenth (1/10) or one part out of ten equal parts. 13:5 k1f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִצְוַת֙ הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם וְ⁠הַ⁠מְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים וְ⁠הַ⁠שֹּׁעֲרִ֑ים 1 Here Nehemiah leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. This phrase means “which the law had commanded them to contribute to support the Levites, the singers, and the temple gatekeepers.” You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. -13:5 k1f5 וּ⁠תְרוּמַ֖ת הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִֽים 1 This likely refers to the tithe, or one tenth of what they received, that the Levites, in turn contributed to the priests, as described in [10:38](../10/38.md). Alternate translation: “and the contributions to support the priests” or “the tithe of the tithe that the Levites gave to support the priests” +13:5 k1f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠תְרוּמַ֖ת הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִֽים 1 Here, **offerings of the priests** refers to offerings that people brought for the priests, not offerings made by the priests. This may have included the tithe, or one tenth of what they received, that the Levites contributed to the priests, as described in [10:38](../10/38.md). Alternate translation: “and the contributions to support the priests” 13:6 k1f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־זֶ֕ה 1 This expression indicates that the sentence it introduces describes something that was happening at the same time as the events the book has just described. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase such as “while all of this was happening” to indicate this. 13:6 dpk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֡י 1 This word indicates that the clause it introduces explains the reason for what the previous clause described. That is, Nehemiah is about to give the reason why he was not in Jerusalem while Eliashib was allowing Tobiah to move into the temple. Alternate translation: “because” 13:6 k1f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background בִּ⁠שְׁנַת֩ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וּ⁠שְׁתַּ֜יִם לְ⁠אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֤סְתְּא מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ בָּ֣אתִי אֶל־הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Here Nehemiah is providing background information to explain why he was not in Jerusalem. As he indicates in [5:14](../05/14.md), he was governor of Judah for twelve years, from the twentieth to the thirty-second year of the reign of King Artaxerxes. As this verse indicates, he then returned to the royal court. Alternate translation: “I had returned to serve King Artaxerxes in his court in the thirty-second year of his reign” From b20b9e8ac73d860da211eed96249b3c624ac69b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: avaldizan Date: Tue, 5 Dec 2023 18:53:43 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Merge avaldizan-tc-create-1 into master by avaldizan (#3657) --- tn_NUM.tsv | 80 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------- 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_NUM.tsv b/tn_NUM.tsv index cf047b2df2..4efed9838c 100644 --- a/tn_NUM.tsv +++ b/tn_NUM.tsv @@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ front:intro p55k 0 # Introduction to Numbers\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti 4:intro c4x5 0 # Numbers 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n1. Preparing to leave Sinai (1:1–10:10)\n * Counting and assembling the tribes (1:1–4:49)\n\nThis chapter describes the assignments Yahweh gave to each of the families who descended from Levi with regard for taking care of and transporting the tent of meeting. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The tribe of Levi\n\nThe Levites had a special role in Israel. They were specially dedicated to serve Yahweh by offering sacrifices in the tent of meeting and taking care of that tent and everything involved in the system of sacrifices. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])\n\n## Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### “A son of 30 years and upward and up to a son of 50 years”\n\nThe phrase “a son of … years” is an idiom that refers to the age of a man. The longer phrase here refers to a man who is at least 30 years old and at most 50 years old. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a man who is at least 30 years old and at most 50 years old” or “a man who is between 30 years or and 50 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])\n 4:1 y26w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 Here the word **saying** introduces direct speech that continues until [4:20](../04/20.md). Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language.\n 4:2 png1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom נָשֹׂ֗א אֶת־רֹאשׁ֙ 1 See how you translated the nearly identical idiom in [1:2](../01/02.md). -4:2 ebs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּנֵ֣י & בְּנֵ֣י 1 In this verse, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons* in [3:9](../03/09.md). +4:2 ebs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּנֵ֣י & בְּנֵ֣י 1 In this verse, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons** in [3:9](../03/09.md). 4:2 vnqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy קְהָ֔ת 1 See how you translated this name in [3:17](../03/17.md). 4:2 dsln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖⁠ם לְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 See how you translated these clauses in [1:2](../01/02.md). 4:3 j52n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠בֶּ֨ן שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָ⁠מַ֔עְלָ⁠ה וְ⁠עַ֖ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה 1 See the discussion of this phrase in the [General Notes](../04/intro.md) for this chapter. @@ -516,29 +516,29 @@ front:intro p55k 0 # Introduction to Numbers\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti 4:5 r2l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 See how you translated the same use of **sons** in the previous verse. 4:5 vu3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֔ה 1 Here, **camp** refers to the people dwelling in the camp. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people in the camp” 4:5 wvls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠נְסֹ֣עַ 1 See how you translated the same use of “set out” in [2:9](../02/09.md). -4:5 y9b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession פָּרֹ֣כֶת הַ⁠מָּסָ֑ךְ 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe the **curtain** that is characterized by **covering**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the covering curtain” +4:5 y9b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession פָּרֹ֣כֶת הַ⁠מָּסָ֑ךְ 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe the **curtain** that is characterized by **covering**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the covering curtain” 4:6 q046 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns עָלָ֗י⁠ו 1 Here, **it** refers to both “the box of the testimony” and “the curtain of the covering” that covers the box, as mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “upon the box and its covering” 4:6 amjx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ע֣וֹר תַּ֔חַשׁ 1 Although the meaning of this word is not certain, many scholars believe it refers to a **porpoise**, which is a water mammal that has skin that can be made into high-quality leather. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of sea animal, you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “durable animal skin” 4:6 td43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בֶֽגֶד־כְּלִ֛יל תְּכֵ֖לֶת 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe a **cloth** that is **entirely** **blue** in color. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “an entirely blue cloth” 4:6 moz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠לְ⁠מָ֑עְלָ⁠ה 1 Here Yahweh implies that this **cloth** should be **spread** **above** the “box of the testimony,” “the covering,” and **the skin of the porpoise**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “above all these things” 4:6 xsjk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns בַּדָּֽי⁠ו 1 Here, **its** refers to “the box of the testimony” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the box’s poles” 4:6 ebg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּדָּֽי⁠ו 1 These **poles** were inserted into rings on the sides of the ark so that the poles could be used to carry the ark, as explained in [Exodus 25:14](../exo/25/14.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the poles into the rings on the sides of the box in order to carry it” -4:7 iaz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שֻׁלְחַ֣ן הַ⁠פָּנִ֗ים 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of Yahweh. This **table** was placed before the presence of Yahweh in the tent of meeting and Levite were to place on it special **bread** for Yahweh, as described in [Exodus 25:30](../exo/25/30.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of “ face” in [3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “the table in Yahweh’s presence” or “the table of the presence”\n +4:7 iaz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שֻׁלְחַ֣ן הַ⁠פָּנִ֗ים 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of Yahweh. This **table** was placed before the presence of Yahweh in the tent of meeting and the Levites were to place on it special **bread** for Yahweh, as described in [Exodus 25:30](../exo/25/30.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of “face” in [3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “the table in Yahweh’s presence” or “the table of the presence”\n 4:7 xivj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בֶּ֣גֶד תְּכֵלֶת֒ 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “a cloth entirely of blue” in the previous verse. 4:7 zvi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns עָ֠לָי⁠ו & עָלָ֥י⁠ו 1 In this verse, **it** refers to **the cloth of blue** that covers **the table**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on that cloth … on that cloth” 4:7 n7oh אֶת־הַ⁠קְּעָרֹ֤ת וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠כַּפֹּת֙ וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠מְּנַקִּיֹּ֔ת וְ⁠אֵ֖ת קְשׂ֣וֹת 1 If a translation exists in your language, see how the words **plates**, **palm-sized pans**, **bowls**, and **pitchers** are translated in [Exodus 25:29](../exo/25/29.md) and [37:16](../exo/37/16.md). -4:7 y4f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קְשׂ֣וֹת הַ⁠נָּ֑סֶךְ 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **pitchers** that were used for pouring out the **drink offering**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the pitchers for the drink offering” +4:7 y4f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קְשׂ֣וֹת הַ⁠נָּ֑סֶךְ 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **pitchers** that were used for pouring out the **drink offering**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the pitchers for the drink offering” 4:7 lbp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַ⁠נָּ֑סֶךְ 1 The phrase **drink offering** represents drink offerings in general, not one particular drink offering. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “drink offerings” 4:7 ve2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠לֶ֥חֶם הַ⁠תָּמִ֖יד 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **the bread** that the Levites were to offer to Yahweh continually. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and the bread that should be offered continually” -4:8 dai4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בֶּ֚גֶד תּוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **a cloth** that was made **scarlet** in color by using a dye produced from **worms**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a cloth that has been dyed scarlet” +4:8 dai4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בֶּ֚גֶד תּוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **a cloth** that was made **scarlet** in color by using a dye produced from **worms**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a cloth that has been dyed scarlet” 4:8 brmp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns אֹת֔⁠וֹ 1 Here, **it** refers to **a cloth of the worms of scarlet**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that cloth” 4:8 yzq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּ⁠מִכְסֵ֖ה ע֣וֹר תָּ֑חַשׁ 1 See how you translated the same phrase in [4:6](../04/06.md). 4:8 p2ab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠שָׂמ֖וּ אֶת־בַּדָּֽי⁠ו 1 These **poles** were inserted into rings on the sides of the table so that the **poles** could be used to carry it, as explained in [Exodus 25:26](../exo/25/26.md)–[28](../exo/25/28.md). See how you translated the similar use of this clause in [4:6](../04/06.md). 4:8 y76r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns בַּדָּֽי⁠ו 1 Here, **its** refers to the table mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that table” 4:9 zbm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בֶּ֣גֶד תְּכֵ֗לֶת 1 See how you translated this phrase in [4:7](../04/07.md). -4:9 h8fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־מְנֹרַ֤ת הַ⁠מָּאוֹר֙ 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **the lampstand** that is used for **the light source** in the tent of meeting. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the lampstand that is used for light” +4:9 h8fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־מְנֹרַ֤ת הַ⁠מָּאוֹר֙ 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **the lampstand** that is used for **the light source** in the tent of meeting. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the lampstand that is used for light” 4:9 wwug אֶת־מְנֹרַ֤ת & וְ⁠אֶת־נֵ֣רֹתֶ֔י⁠הָ וְ⁠אֶת־מַלְקָחֶ֖י⁠הָ וְ⁠אֶת־מַחְתֹּתֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 If a translation exists in your language, see how the words **lampstand**, **lamps**, **snuffers**, and **trays** are translated in [Exodus 25:31](../exo/25/31.md)–[38](../exo/25/38.md). -4:9 j2m6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כְּלֵ֣י שַׁמְנָ֔⁠הּ 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **the vessels** that contained the **oil** that was burned in **the lamps** for producing light. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the vessels for its oil” +4:9 j2m6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כְּלֵ֣י שַׁמְנָ֔⁠הּ 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **the vessels** that contained the **oil** that was burned in **the lamps** for producing light. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the vessels for its oil” 4:9 xka6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יְשָׁרְתוּ 1 Here Yahweh refers to the Levites supplying **oil** to keep the **lamps** on **the lampstand** burning as if **the lampstand** were a person whom **they serve**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the provide oil to” 4:10 uv7g אֹתָ⁠הּ֙ וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־כֵּלֶ֔י⁠הָ & וְ⁠נָתְנ֖וּ 1 Here, **its** and the first occurrence**it** refer to the lampstand mentioned in the previous verse, but the second occurrence of **it** refers to **the covering** that contains the lampstand **and all its vessels**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the lampstand and its vessels … and they shall put the covering and everything in it” 4:10 qfi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִכְסֵ֖ה ע֣וֹר תָּ֑חַשׁ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [4:6](../04/06.md). @@ -554,14 +554,14 @@ front:intro p55k 0 # Introduction to Numbers\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti 4:14 jz4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns עָלָ֗י⁠ו 1 Here, **it** refers to both **the altar** and **all its implements**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on all those items” 4:14 t5pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כְּס֛וּי ע֥וֹר תַּ֖חַשׁ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [4:6](../04/06.md). 4:14 e3cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠שָׂמ֥וּ בַדָּֽי⁠ו 1 These **poles** were inserted into rings on the sides of **the altar** so that the poles could be used to carry the ark, as explained in [Exodus 27:6](../exo/27/06.md)–[7](../exo/27/07.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the poles into the rings on the sides of the altar in order to carry it”\n -4:15 lah8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֠⁠בָנָי⁠ו & בְנֵי & בְנֵֽי 1 In this verse, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons* in [3:9](../03/09.md). +4:15 lah8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֠⁠בָנָי⁠ו & בְנֵי & בְנֵֽי 1 In this verse, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons** in [3:9](../03/09.md). 4:15 g62y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּ⁠נְסֹ֣עַ הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶה֒ 1 See how you translated this clause in [4:5](../04/05.md). 4:15 v6kc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קְהָת֙ & קְהָ֖ת 1 See how you translated this name in [3:17](../03/17.md). 4:15 qmf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 The phrase **the holy thing** represents the **holy** items used in **the holy place** and the parts of **the holy place** in general, not one particular **holy thing**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “the holy things” 4:15 mau2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַשָּׂ֥א 1 The word **load** refers to all the items that **the sons of Kohath** must carry when the Israelites travel to another location. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “are the things that must be carried by” 4:16 f9nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠פְקֻדַּ֞ת & פְּקֻדַּ֗ת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **oversight** in [3:32](../03/32.md). 4:16 qtad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שֶׁ֤מֶן הַ⁠מָּאוֹר֙ 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **the oil** that is burned to produce **light** in the tent of meeting. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the oil that is used for light”\n -4:16 pm4o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠קְטֹ֣רֶת הַ⁠סַּמִּ֔ים 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **the incense** that is made up various **spices** that are described in [Exodus 30:34](../exo/30/34.md)–[38](../exo/30/38.md). If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the incense that is made of spices” +4:16 pm4o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠קְטֹ֣רֶת הַ⁠סַּמִּ֔ים 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **the incense** that is made of various **spices** that are described in [Exodus 30:34](../exo/30/34.md)–[38](../exo/30/38.md). If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the incense that is made of spices” 4:16 ok4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠מִנְחַ֥ת הַ⁠תָּמִ֖יד 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **the grain offering** that the Levites were to offer to Yahweh continually. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. See how you translated the same use of **continuity** in [4:7](../04/07.md).\n 4:16 qxzb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠שֶׁ֣מֶן הַ⁠מִּשְׁחָ֑ה 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **the oil** that was poured on the priests, all the parts of the tent of meeting, and the items used in it ([Exodus 30:22](../exo/30/22.md)–[38](../exo/30/38.md)). If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the oil that is used for anointing” 4:16 u8xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo פְּקֻדַּ֗ת 1 Since **the oversight** is repeated from earlier in the verse, the expression here is extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could remove the expression here, as in the UST.\n @@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ front:intro p55k 0 # Introduction to Numbers\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti 4:18 cg6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֑י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:27](../03/27.md). 4:19 ikfc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וְ⁠חָיוּ֙ וְ⁠לֹ֣א יָמֻ֔תוּ 1 The word **live** and the phrase **not die** mean the same thing. Yahweh is using these together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “and they will certainly live” 4:19 bfh5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וְ⁠חָיוּ֙ 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the goal or purpose for the command in this verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation (with no comma preceding): “so that they will live” -4:19 wzya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 Here, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons* in [3:9](../03/09.md). +4:19 wzya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 Here, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons** in [3:9](../03/09.md). 4:19 kga6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָבֹ֔אוּ 1 Here Yahweh implies that **Aaron and his sons** **enter** into the holy place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST. 4:19 up37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׂמ֣וּ 1 Here Yahweh refers to assigning work to the Kohathites as if one were placing **them** in locations. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and assign” 4:19 jhcw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אוֹתָ֗⁠ם אִ֥ישׁ אִ֛ישׁ 1 Here, **man by man** is a Hebrew idiom that means “each man.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “each man”\n @@ -583,13 +583,13 @@ front:intro p55k 0 # Introduction to Numbers\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti 4:20 mv2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֶת־הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 The phrase **the holy thing** represents the holy items used in the holy place and the parts of the holy place in general, not one particular holy thing. See how you translated the same use of **the holy thing** in [4:15](../04/15.md). 4:20 l3lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כְּ⁠בַלַּ֥ע 1 This phrase is an idiom that means “for a moment,” which is the time it would take to **gulp**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for a bit” or “for a moment” 4:20 g6g1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks וָ⁠מֵֽתוּ 1 The direct speech that began in [4:18](../04/18.md) ends at the end of this verse. Consider natural ways of ending direct quotations in your language. -4:21 fl8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 Here the word saying introduces direct speech that continues until [4:33](../04/33.md). Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language.\n +4:21 fl8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 Here the word **saying** introduces direct speech that continues until [4:33](../04/33.md). Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language.\n 4:22 r33r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom נָשֹׂ֗א אֶת־רֹ֛אשׁ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [4:2](../04/02.md). 4:22 q6xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּנֵ֥י גֵרְשׁ֖וֹן 1 Here, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons** in [3:9](../03/09.md). -4:22 wcx9 גֵרְשׁ֖וֹן 1 See how you translated this man’s name in [3:17](../03/17.md). +4:22 wcx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names גֵרְשׁ֖וֹן 1 See how you translated this man’s name in [3:17](../03/17.md). 4:22 ro81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָ֖⁠ם לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 See how you translated these phrases in [1:2](../01/02.md). 4:23 cyt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠בֶּן֩ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים שָׁנָ֜ה וָ⁠מַ֗עְלָ⁠ה עַ֛ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה 1 See the discussion of these phrases in the [General Notes](../04/intro.md) for this chapter. -4:23 scm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry לִ⁠צְבֹ֣א צָבָ֔א לַ⁠עֲבֹ֥ד עֲבֹדָ֖ה 1 The phrases **serve service** and **work work** are constructions in which a verb and its object are related words. You may be able to use the same constructions in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis.\n +4:23 scm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry לִ⁠צְבֹ֣א צָבָ֔א לַ⁠עֲבֹ֥ד עֲבֹדָ֖ה 1 The phrases **work work** and **serve service** are constructions in which a verb and its object are related words. You may be able to use the same constructions in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis.\n 4:24 qxm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns זֹ֣את עֲבֹדַ֔ת 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:4](../04/04.md). 4:24 ra33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns מִשְׁפְּחֹ֖ת הַ⁠גֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֑י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:21](../03/21.md). 4:24 iccs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠לְ⁠מַשָּֽׂא 1 See how you translated **load** in [4:15](../04/15.md). @@ -598,13 +598,13 @@ front:intro p55k 0 # Introduction to Numbers\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti 4:25 vqq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠מִכְסֵ֛ה הַ⁠תַּ֥חַשׁ 1 See how you translated the same phrase in [4:6](../04/06.md). 4:25 ejol מָסַ֔ךְ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד 1 See how you translated the nearly identical phrase in [3:25](../03/25.md). 4:26 vfla rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵת֩ קַלְעֵ֨י הֶֽ⁠חָצֵ֜ר 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:26](../03/26.md). -4:26 t6eq וְ⁠אֶת־מָסַ֣ךְ ׀ פֶּ֣תַח ׀ שַׁ֣עַר הֶ⁠חָצֵ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר עַל־הַ⁠מִּשְׁכָּ֤ן וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ סָבִ֔יב 1 See how you translated the similar phrases in [2:26](../03/26.md). +4:26 t6eq וְ⁠אֶת־מָסַ֣ךְ ׀ פֶּ֣תַח ׀ שַׁ֣עַר הֶ⁠חָצֵ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר עַל־הַ⁠מִּשְׁכָּ֤ן וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ סָבִ֔יב 1 See how you translated the similar phrases in [3:26](../03/26.md). 4:26 nadj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כָּל־כְּלֵ֖י עֲבֹדָתָ֑⁠ם 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **implements** that are used for **their work**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could could a different expression. Alternate translation: “all the implements for working in them” 4:26 f7kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה לָ⁠הֶ֖ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all that they will do for them” 4:26 zm1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns לָ⁠הֶ֖ם וְ⁠עָבָֽדוּ 1 Here, **them** refers to the various items mentioned previously in the verse, but **they** refers to the descendants of Gershon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this expicitly. Alternate translation: “for those implements; and the Gershonites shall work” 4:27 pcvi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־פִּי֩ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:16](../03/16.md). -4:27 n1yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בָנָ֜י⁠ו & בְּנֵ֣י 1 In this verse, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons* in [3:9](../03/09.md). -4:27 k1i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns הַ⁠גֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֔י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:21](../03/12.md). +4:27 n1yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בָנָ֜י⁠ו & בְּנֵ֣י 1 In this verse, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons** in [3:9](../03/09.md). +4:27 k1i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns הַ⁠גֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֔י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:21](../03/21.md). 4:27 thlf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַשָּׂאָ֔⁠ם & מַשָּׂאָֽ⁠ם 1 See how you translated the same use of **load** in [4:15](../04/15.md). 4:27 q8lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you וּ⁠פְקַדְתֶּ֤ם 1 Here, **you** is plural and refers to **Aaron and his sons**, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 4:27 ivb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠מִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **responsibility**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by what they are responsible for” @@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ front:intro p55k 0 # Introduction to Numbers\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti 4:33 w2cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יַד֙ אִֽיתָמָ֔ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַ⁠כֹּהֵֽן 1 See how you translated the same clause in [4:28](../04/28.md). 4:33 a955 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אִֽיתָמָ֔ר 1 See how you translated this man’s name in [1:2](../01/02.md). 4:33 hlio rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks הַ⁠כֹּהֵֽן 1 The direct speech that began in [4:22](../04/22.md) ends at the end of this verse. Consider natural ways of ending direct quotations in your language. -4:34 aotu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons* in [3:9](../03/09.md). +4:34 aotu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons** in [3:9](../03/09.md). 4:34 jm3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֑י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:27](../03/27.md). 4:34 wzx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖⁠ם וּ⁠לְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 See how you translated these clauses in [1:2](../01/02.md). 4:35 s6xk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠בֶּ֨ן שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָ⁠מַ֔עְלָ⁠ה וְ⁠עַ֖ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה 1 See the discussion of these phrases in the [General Notes](../04/intro.md) for this chapter. @@ -640,33 +640,39 @@ front:intro p55k 0 # Introduction to Numbers\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti 4:36 w7px rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers אַלְפַּ֕יִם שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וַ⁠חֲמִשִּֽׁים 1 Alternate translation: “two thousand seven hundred and fifty” 4:37 udge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive פְקוּדֵי֙ 1 See how you translated **counted ones** in the previous verse. 4:37 b25z rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns מִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֔י 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:27](../03/27.md). -4:37 szpi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּקַ֤ד מֹשֶׁה֙ וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֔ן 1 Since the same idea of “the counted ones” is repeated in this phrase, the expression here is extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could remove the expression here, as in the UST. +4:37 szpi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּקַ֤ד מֹשֶׁה֙ וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֔ן 1 Since the same idea of **the counted ones** is repeated in this phrase, the expression here is extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could remove the expression here, as in the UST. 4:37 axd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:16](../03/16.md). -4:37 g5gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠יַד 1 Here, *by the hand** indicates that **Moses** was the means by which **Yahweh** gave these commands to the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by means of” -4:38 ipy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠פְקוּדֵ֖י 1 See how you translated **counted ones** in the previous two verses. -4:38 ig1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons* in [3:9](../03/09.md). +4:37 g5gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠יַד 1 Here, **by the hand** indicates that **Moses** was the means by which **Yahweh** gave these commands to the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by means of” or “that was communicated to the Israelites by Moses” +4:38 ipy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠פְקוּדֵ֖י 1 See how you translated **counted ones** in the previous two verses. +4:38 ig1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons** in [3:9](../03/09.md). 4:38 gxth rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֖⁠ם וּ⁠לְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 See how you translated these phrases in [1:2](../01/02.md). 4:39 vg68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠בֶּ֨ן שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָ⁠מַ֔עְלָ⁠ה וְ⁠עַ֖ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה כָּל־הַ⁠בָּא֙ לַ⁠צָּבָ֔א לַ⁠עֲבֹדָ֖ה בְּ⁠אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד 1 See how you translated the identical clauses in [4:35](../04/35.md). 4:40 sjj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive פְּקֻ֣דֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:21](../01/21.md). 4:40 hqz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖⁠ם לְ⁠בֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑⁠ם 1 See how you translated these phrases in [1:2](../01/02.md). 4:40 uktq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers אַלְפַּ֕יִם וְ⁠שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וּ⁠שְׁלֹשִֽׁים 1 Alternate translation: “two thousand six hundred and thirty” 4:41 h4xt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֵ֣לֶּה פְקוּדֵ֗י מִשְׁפְּחֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י & כָּל־הָ⁠עֹבֵ֖ד בְּ⁠אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּקַ֥ד מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֖ן עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the same clauses in [4:37](../04/37.md). -4:42 pq72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The descendants of Merari were counted 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses and Aaron counted the descendants of Merari” -4:42 r5rm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **sons** refers to male descendants. See how you translated the same use of **sons* in [3:9](../03/09.md). -4:43 s8f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers from thirty to fifty years old 0 Alternate translation: “from 30 to 50 years old” -4:43 y483 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit everyone who would join the company 0 Here the word “would” does not mean that the men “chose” to join the company but rather that they were “assigned” to the company. Alternate translation: “everyone who was assigned to join the company” -4:43 u1lq join the company to serve in the tent of meeting 0 The word “company” refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](../04/03.md). -4:44 x7fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive counted by their clans 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom Moses and Aaron counted by their clans” -4:44 a51w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers numbered 3,200 0 Alternate translation: “numbered three thousand two hundred” -4:45 bi4d they obeyed 0 The word “they” refers to Moses and Aaron. -4:47 vb65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from thirty to fifty 0 This refers to men. Alternate translation: “men from thirty to fifty” -4:47 b9ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers from thirty to fifty 0 Alternate translation: “from 30 to 50” -4:48 gmh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 8,580 men 0 Alternate translation: “eight thousand five hundred and eighty men” -4:49 l3zk At Yahweh’s command 0 Alternate translation: “As Yahweh commanded” -4:49 v91x keeping count of each by the type … He counted each man by the kind of responsibility he would bear 0 These two phrase have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize how Moses counted all the men. -4:49 hpb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive by the type of work he was assigned to do 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by his type of work assignment” or “by the type of work he had assigned each man to do” -4:49 kdw6 he would bear 0 Alternate translation: “he would have” -4:49 q8p8 they obeyed what Yahweh had commanded them 0 Here “they” and “them” refer to Moses and Aaron. +4:42 pq72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠פְקוּדֵ֕י מִשְׁפְּחֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י 1 See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse. +4:42 r5rm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖⁠ם לְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 See how you translated these phrases in [1:2](../01/02.md). +4:43 s8f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠בֶּ֨ן שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָ⁠מַ֔עְלָ⁠ה וְ⁠עַ֖ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה כָּל־הַ⁠בָּא֙ לַ⁠צָּבָ֔א לַ⁠עֲבֹדָ֖ה בְּ⁠אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד 1 See how you translated the same clauses in [4:35](../04/35.md). +4:44 x7fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּהְי֥וּ פְקֻדֵי⁠הֶ֖ם לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑⁠ם 1 See how you translated this clause in [4:36](../04/36.md). +4:44 a51w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וּ⁠מָאתָֽיִם 1 Alternate translation: “three thousand two hundred” +4:45 bi4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֵ֣לֶּה פְקוּדֵ֔י מִשְׁפְּחֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י & אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּקַ֤ד מֹשֶׁה֙ וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֔ן 1 See how you translated these clauses in [4:41](../04/41.md). +4:45 ywn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 See how you translated this clause in [4:37](../04/37.md). +4:46 er34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo כָּֽל־הַ⁠פְּקֻדִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ פָּקַ֨ד מֹשֶׁ֧ה וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֛ן וּ⁠נְשִׂיאֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 Since the same idea of **the counted ones** is repeated later in this verse, the expression here is extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could remove the expression here. Alternate translation: “All the ones whom Moses and Aaron and the leaders of Israel had counted”\n +4:46 oo83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖⁠ם וּ⁠לְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 See how you translated these phrases in [1:2](../01/02.md). +4:47 vb65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠בֶּ֨ן שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָ⁠מַ֔עְלָ⁠ה וְ⁠עַ֖ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this clause in [4:35](../04/35.md). +4:47 ji4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry לַ⁠עֲבֹ֨ד עֲבֹדַ֧ת עֲבֹדָ֛ה וַ⁠עֲבֹדַ֥ת 1 See how you translated **serve the service** in [3:7](../03/07.md). +4:47 b9ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַשָּׂ֖א 1 See how you translated the same use of **load** in [4:15](../04/15.md). +4:48 nvt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive פְּקֻדֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:21](../01/21.md). +4:48 gmh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers שְׁמֹנַ֣ת אֲלָפִ֔ים וַ⁠חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וּ⁠שְׁמֹנִֽים 1 Alternate translation: “eight thousand five hundred and eighty” +4:49 l3zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־פִּ֨י יְהוָ֜ה 1 Se how you translated this phrase in [3:16](../03/16.md) and [4:37](../04/37.md). +4:49 wznn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive פָּקַ֤ד אוֹתָ⁠ם֙ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses, Aaron, and the leaders counted them” +4:49 tlvq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [4:37](../04/37.md). +4:49 v91x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִ֥ישׁ אִ֛ישׁ 1 In this verse, the phrase **man by man** is a Hebrew idiom that means “each man.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of **man** in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternative translation: “each man”\n +4:49 vf9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־עֲבֹדָת֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠עַל־מַשָּׂא֑⁠וֹ 1 Moses implies that this **service** and **load** are related to the tent of meeting. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in accordance with his service in the tent of meeting and in accordance with his load associated with it” +4:49 kdw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַשָּׂא֑⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the same use of **load** in [4:15](../04/15.md). +4:49 hpb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠פְקֻדָ֕י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same use of **counted ones** in the previous verse. +4:49 q8p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh had commanded Moses to count” 5:intro q2wy 0 # Numbers 5 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel’s camp\n\nIsrael’s entire camp was to be a “clean” place. This meant that people who could not be made acceptable to God were not allowed inside the camp. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])\n\n### Vengeance\n\nThere are several laws in this chapter regarding restitution. These laws were meant to limit the ways in which people who had been wronged could seek to be compensated. These laws were intended to make it difficult for such people to avenge a wrong when they were angry. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) 5:2 w9tt infectious skin disease 0 This refers to leprosy, which is a sickness that affects the skin and easily spreads to other people. 5:2 zu9x oozing sore 0 This refers to an open cut that is leaking fluids. From 9fd1fab4fdba38ab3b499032a04ac5cbf8926e1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: deferredreward Date: Tue, 5 Dec 2023 21:41:45 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Merge deferredreward-tc-create-1 into master by deferredreward (#3658) Co-authored-by: deferredreward Co-committed-by: deferredreward --- tn_EXO.tsv | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_EXO.tsv b/tn_EXO.tsv index d1b809b259..b6493db84b 100644 --- a/tn_EXO.tsv +++ b/tn_EXO.tsv @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note -front:intro b4pp 0 # Introduction to Exodus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Exodus\n\n1. Israel in Egypt; preparing to depart from slavery (1–12)\n * First genealogy (1:1–6)\n * Israel as slaves in Egypt (1:7–22)\n * Moses’ history to the time of the Exodus (2:1–4:26)\n * Israel suffers in Egypt (4:27–6:13)\n * Second genealogy (6:14–27)\n * Moses and Aaron go to Pharaoh (6:28–7:25)\n * The plagues (8:1–11:10)\n2. Instructions for celebrating the Passover (12:1–30)\n3. From Egypt to Mount Sinai (12:31–18:27)\n * The Passover; preparing to leave Egypt; leaving Egypt (12:31–50, 13:1–22)\n * Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (14:1–18:27)\n4. Mount Sinai and the Law (19–40)\n * Preparing for the covenant (19:1–25)\n * The Ten Commandments (20:1–17)\n * The covenant described (20:18–23:33)\n * The people agree to the covenant; Moses returns to Mount Sinai (24:1–18)\n * Design of the Dwelling and its furnishings; what was required of those who serve in it; dwelling functions (25:1–31:18)\n * The golden calf; Moses prays for the people (32:1–33:22)\n * The covenant described again (34:1–35)\n * Making of the ark and its furnishings (35:1–38:31) and priestly garments (39:1–43, 40:1–33)\n * The cloud (40:34–38)\n\n### What is the book of Exodus about?\n\nExodus continues the story of the previous book, Genesis. The first half of Exodus is about how Yahweh made Abraham’s descendants into a nation. This nation, which would be called “Israel,” was meant to belong to Yahweh and worship him. The second half of Exodus describes how God gave the Israelites his law through Moses. The law of Moses told the Israelites how to obey and worship Yahweh properly.\n\nThe book of Exodus tells how the Israelites were to build the Dwelling. The Dwelling was a tent where Yahweh would be among his people. The Israelites worshiped and sacrificed animals to Yahweh at the Dwelling. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\n“Exodus” means “exit” or “departure.” Translators may translate this title in a way that can communicate its subject clearly, for example, “About the Israelites Leaving Egypt” or “How the Israelites Left the Land of Egypt.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the book of Exodus?\n\nThe writers of both the Old and New Testaments present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Exodus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.\n\n### Why did Moses write so much about God delivering or rescuing the people of Israel?\n\nMoses wrote much about God rescuing his people from the Egyptians to show that Yahweh is very powerful. Egypt was a very powerful nation in the region at that time, but Yahweh was still able to free the Israelites from the Egyptians. Also, by rescuing the Israelites, Yahweh showed that he had chosen them as his people and that they should worship him.\n\n### How does the book of Exodus show the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham?\n\nThe book of Exodus shows God beginning to fulfill his promise to Abraham. In Genesis, God promised Abraham that he would have many descendants and that they would become a large nation. When God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians, he took them to Mount Sinai. There he made a covenant with them, and they became the nation that belonged to Yahweh.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What was the Jewish Passover?\n\nThe Jewish Passover was a religious festival. Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate it every year. Passover was a time to remember how God rescued Israel from the Egyptians. The first Passover meal was eaten in the evening just before they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])\n\n### What was the law of Moses to the people of Israel?\n\nThe law of Moses instructed the people of Israel about what Yahweh required them to do as his people. In the law, God told the people how they should live so that they would honor him. He also instructed them about their need to offer animal sacrifices. God required these sacrifices so that he could forgive their sins and continue living among them. The law also described the duties of the priests and told how to build the Dwelling.\n\n### What did it mean that Israel was to be a “kingdom of priests and a holy nation” ([19:6](../19/06.md) ULT)?\n\nIsrael was a holy nation because Yahweh separated them from all other nations to belong to him. They were to honor and worship him only. This made them different from all the other nations of the world; the other nations worshiped many false gods.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Thus says Yahweh\n\nThis phrase is used many times in the Old Testament to introduce Yahweh’s speech. Your team should pick a standard translation. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more.\n\n### Pharaoh’s stubborn heart\n\nBetween chapters 4 and 14, there are 18 cases where Pharaoh’s heart is described as strong (11x), heavy (6x), or hard (1x), and one case where the Egyptians’ hearts are described as strong. These are metaphors for being stubborn, that is, being unwilling to obey Yahweh or even to do what is clearly in his own and Egypt’s best interest. Many cultures have similar metaphors, but not all will use the same body part. Within these cases, six times there is a neutral description that Pharaoh was stubborn, without saying anyone made him so ([7:13](../07/13.md), [7:14](../07/14.md), [7:22](../07/22.md), [8:19](../08/19.md), [9:7](../09/07.md), [9:35](../09/35.md)); three times Pharaoh makes himself stubborn ([8:15](../08/15.md), [8:32](../08/32.md), [9:34](../09/34.md)); and ten times Yahweh makes Pharaoh/the Egyptians stubborn ([4:21](../04/21.md), [7:3](../07/03.md), [9:12](../09/12.md), [10:1](../10/01.md), [10:20](../10/20.md), [10:27](../10/27.md), [11:10](../11/10.md), [14:4](../14/04.md), [14:8](../14/08.md), [14:17](../14/17.md)).\n\n### Why are the details of the construction of the Dwelling in Exodus 25–32 repeated in Exodus 35–40?\n\nIn Exodus 25–32, God describes exactly how the Dwelling was to be built. The details were repeated in Exodus 35–40 in the description of the actual construction. This showed that the people were careful to do exactly as God commanded.\n\n### Are the events in the order that they actually happened?\n\nMost, but not all, of the events in the book of Exodus are told in the order that they actually happened. Translators may need to make it clear when the events are in an unusual order.\n\n### What does it mean that God “lived” among his people?\n\nThe book of Exodus presents God as living in the Dwelling among the nation of Israel. God is everywhere, but he lived among the Israelites in a special way. God dwelled with the Israelites because they belonged to him. He promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people were to worship him and honor him. -1:intro cj55 0 # Exodus 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is intended to form a smooth transition from the last chapter of the book of Genesis.\n\n- v. 1–7: Jacob’s family grows\n- v. 8–22: Pharaoh oppresses the Israelites and tries to limit the Israelites’ growth\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Israel’s growth\n\nIsrael grew in number. This was the beginning of God’s fulfilling his promises to Abraham. It also caused the Pharaoh to worry that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians, with the result that the Egyptians would be unable to defend themselves against so many people. Pharaoh tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n## Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n- “All of the descendants of Jacob were 70 in number”\nThis number included both Jacob’s children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons.\n- Starting from verse 7, the terms **Hebrews** and **sons of Israel** both refer to the Israelite nation or people group.\n- God blesses the Hebrew midwives for lying to the wicked Pharaoh. Translators should not attempt to hide this. They showed that they feared God by disobeying a wicked order in order to preserve the lives of God’s people. They “acted wisely toward him” (or shrewdly, see [1:10](../01/10.md)) by lying to foil Pharaoh.\n- Pharaoh is a specifically Egyptian word for their kings (and queens). +front:intro b4pp 0 # Introduction to Exodus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Exodus\n\n1. Israel in Egypt; preparing to depart from slavery (1–11)\n * First genealogy (1:1–6)\n * Israel as slaves in Egypt (1:7–22)\n * Moses’ history to the time of the Exodus (2:1–4:26)\n * Israel suffers in Egypt (4:27–6:13)\n * Second genealogy (6:14–27)\n * Moses and Aaron go to Pharaoh (6:28–7:25)\n * The plagues (8:1–11:10)\n2. Instructions for celebrating the Passover (12:1–30)\n3. From Egypt to Mount Sinai (12:31–18:27)\n * The Passover; preparing to leave Egypt; leaving Egypt (12:31–50, 13:1–22)\n * Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (14:1–18:27)\n4. Mount Sinai and the Law (19–40)\n * Preparing for the covenant (19:1–25)\n * The Ten Commandments (20:1–17)\n * The covenant described (20:18–23:33)\n * The people agree to the covenant; Moses returns to Mount Sinai (24:1–18)\n * Design of the Dwelling and its furnishings; what was required of those who serve in it; dwelling functions (25:1–31:18)\n * The golden calf; Moses prays for the people (32:1–33:22)\n * The covenant described again (34:1–35)\n * Making of the ark and its furnishings (35:1–38:31) and priestly garments (39:1–43, 40:1–33)\n * The cloud (40:34–38)\n\n### What is the book of Exodus about?\n\nExodus continues the story of the previous book, Genesis. The first half of Exodus is about how Yahweh made Abraham’s descendants into a nation. This nation, which would be called “Israel,” was meant to belong to Yahweh and worship him. The second half of Exodus describes how God gave the Israelites his law through Moses. The law of Moses told the Israelites how to obey and worship Yahweh properly.\n\nThe book of Exodus tells how the Israelites were to build the Dwelling. The Dwelling was a tent where Yahweh would be among his people. The Israelites worshiped and sacrificed animals to Yahweh at the Dwelling. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\n“Exodus” means “exit” or “departure.” Translators may translate this title in a way that can communicate its subject clearly, for example, “About the Israelites Leaving Egypt” or “How the Israelites Left the Land of Egypt.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the book of Exodus?\n\nThe writers of both the Old and New Testaments present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Exodus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.\n\n### Why did Moses write so much about God delivering or rescuing the people of Israel?\n\nMoses wrote much about God rescuing his people from the Egyptians to show that Yahweh is very powerful. Egypt was a very powerful nation in the region at that time, but Yahweh was still able to free the Israelites from the Egyptians. Also, by rescuing the Israelites, Yahweh showed that he had chosen them as his people and that they should worship him.\n\n### How does the book of Exodus show the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham?\n\nThe book of Exodus shows God beginning to fulfill his promise to Abraham. In Genesis, God promised Abraham that he would have many descendants and that they would become a large nation. When God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians, he took them to Mount Sinai. There he made a covenant with them, and they became the nation that belonged to Yahweh.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What was the Jewish Passover?\n\nThe Jewish Passover was a religious festival. Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate it every year. Passover was a time to remember how God rescued Israel from the Egyptians. The first Passover meal was eaten in the evening just before they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])\n\n### What was the law of Moses to the people of Israel?\n\nThe law of Moses instructed the people of Israel about what Yahweh required them to do as his people. In the law, God told the people how they should live so that they would honor him. He also instructed them about their need to offer animal sacrifices. God required these sacrifices so that he could forgive their sins and continue living among them. The law also described the duties of the priests and told how to build the Dwelling.\n\n### What did it mean that Israel was to be a “kingdom of priests and a holy nation” ([19:6](../19/06.md) ULT)?\n\nIsrael was a holy nation because Yahweh separated them from all other nations to belong to him. They were to honor and worship him only. This made them different from all the other nations of the world; the other nations worshiped many false gods.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Thus says Yahweh\n\nThis phrase is used many times in the Old Testament to introduce Yahweh’s speech. Your team should pick a standard translation. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more.\n\n### Pharaoh’s stubborn heart\n\nBetween chapters 4 and 14, there are 18 cases where Pharaoh’s heart is described as strong (11x), heavy (6x), or hard (1x), and one case where the Egyptians’ hearts are described as strong. These are metaphors for being stubborn, that is, being unwilling to obey Yahweh or even to do what is clearly in his own and Egypt’s best interest. Many cultures have similar metaphors, but not all will use the same body part. Within these cases, six times there is a neutral description that Pharaoh was stubborn, without saying anyone made him so ([7:13](../07/13.md), [7:14](../07/14.md), [7:22](../07/22.md), [8:19](../08/19.md), [9:7](../09/07.md), [9:35](../09/35.md)); three times Pharaoh makes himself stubborn ([8:15](../08/15.md), [8:32](../08/32.md), [9:34](../09/34.md)); and ten times Yahweh makes Pharaoh/the Egyptians stubborn ([4:21](../04/21.md), [7:3](../07/03.md), [9:12](../09/12.md), [10:1](../10/01.md), [10:20](../10/20.md), [10:27](../10/27.md), [11:10](../11/10.md), [14:4](../14/04.md), [14:8](../14/08.md), [14:17](../14/17.md)).\n\n### Why are the details of the construction of the Dwelling in Exodus 25–32 repeated in Exodus 35–40?\n\nIn Exodus 25–32, God describes exactly how the Dwelling was to be built. The details were repeated in Exodus 35–40 in the description of the actual construction. This showed that the people were careful to do exactly as God commanded.\n\n### Are the events in the order that they actually happened?\n\nMost, but not all, of the events in the book of Exodus are told in the order that they actually happened. Translators may need to make it clear when the events are in an unusual order.\n\n### What does it mean that God “lived” among his people?\n\nThe book of Exodus presents God as living in the Dwelling among the nation of Israel. God is everywhere, but he lived among the Israelites in a special way. God dwelled with the Israelites because they belonged to him. He promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people were to worship him and honor him. +1:intro cj55 0 # Exodus 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is intended to form a smooth transition from the last chapter of the book of Genesis.\n\n- v. 1–7: Jacob’s family grows\n- v. 8–22: Pharaoh oppresses the Israelites and tries to limit the Israelites’ growth\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Israel’s growth\n\nIsrael grew in number. This was the beginning of God’s fulfilling his promises to Abraham. It also caused the Pharaoh to worry that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians, with the result that the Egyptians would be unable to defend themselves against so many people. Pharaoh tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n## Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n- “All of the descendants of Jacob were 70 in number”\nThis number included both Jacob’s children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons.\n- Starting from verse 7, the terms **Hebrews** and **sons of Israel** both refer to the Israelite nation or people group.\n- God blesses the Hebrew midwives for lying to the wicked Pharaoh. Translators should not attempt to hide this. They showed that they feared God by disobeying a wicked order in order to preserve the lives of God’s people. \n- Pharaoh is a specifically Egyptian word for their kings (and queens). 1:1 h51f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 Verses 1–7 are background information for the story. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. 1:1 fxbx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הַ⁠בָּאִ֖ים & בָּֽאוּ 1 The words translated as **came in** could also be translated as “went in.” Use whichever form is most natural in your language. 1:1 e65z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל & יַעֲקֹ֔ב 1 **Jacob** and **Israel** are two names for the same man. @@ -207,12 +207,12 @@ front:intro b4pp 0 # Introduction to Exodus\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio 3:10 y4m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה 1 **And now** functions as a discourse marker expressing logical conclusion. “So then,” 3:11 y8cr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְ⁠כִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠מִּצְרָֽיִם 1 Moses uses this question to tell God that he, Moses, is not the right person for the task. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. 3:12 xugf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual תַּֽעַבְדוּ⁠ן֙ 1 If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. -3:13 lqms rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְ⁠אָמַרְתִּ֣י לָ⁠הֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם וְ⁠אָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣⁠י מַה־שְּׁמ֔⁠וֹ 1 Moses presents God with a hypothetical situation here. The three events (**go, say, say**) are part of one hypothetical event. You should translate this in a way that makes it clear that this is a future, not-yet-real event. +3:13 lqms rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְ⁠אָמַרְתִּ֣י לָ⁠הֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם וְ⁠אָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣⁠י מַה־שְּׁמ֔⁠וֹ 1 Moses presents God with a hypothetical situation here. The three events (**go ... say to them ... say to me**) are part of one hypothetical event. You should translate this in a way that makes it clear that this is a future, not-yet-real event. 3:13 jq42 הִנֵּ֨ה 1 **Behold** is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. In this case, Moses uses it to introduce what he views as a probable future occurrence. Alternative translation: “Now” 3:13 e03n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go בָא֮ 1 In your language, use **go** or “come” as makes most sense for Moses’ hypothetical action of going from the mountain to where the Israelites are. 3:13 m9uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation inside a quotation. However, you may also choose to translate it as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “that the God of their fathers has sent me to them” -3:13 ru0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here, **fathers** means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “The God of your ancestors” or “The God whom your ancestors worshiped” -3:13 bkei rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵ⁠הֶֽם 1 Moses is asking God what he should do as a result of the hypothetical situation he presented. +3:13 ru0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here, **fathers** means “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The God of your ancestors” or “The God whom your ancestors worshiped” +3:13 bkei rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵ⁠הֶֽם 1 Moses is asking God what he should do as a result of the hypothetical situation he presented (see earlier note). Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “If that happens, what should I say to them”\n 3:14 cli8 אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 This is God’s response to Moses’ question about God’s name. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God said to Moses, ‘Tell them that God says his name is “I AM THAT I AM.”’” 3:14 b6vk אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 This could mean: (1) this whole sentence is God’s name or (2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live. 3:14 s62u אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה & אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה & אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה 1 Languages that do not have an equivalent to the verb “am” may need to render this as “I LIVE” or “I EXIST.” @@ -2097,7 +2097,7 @@ front:intro b4pp 0 # Introduction to Exodus\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio 32:29 c6fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ בִּ⁠בְנ֖⁠וֹ וּ⁠בְ⁠אָחִ֑י⁠ו 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the fact that they did this in obedience to God explicitly. Alternate translation: “For you have obeyed Yahweh, because each man was against his son and against his brother” 32:29 l54l וְ⁠לָ⁠תֵ֧ת עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֛ם הַ⁠יּ֖וֹם בְּרָכָֽה 1 This phrase is difficult to interpret. Several options depend on exactly how the conjunction, preposition, and verb combination are interpreted. The first difficulty is related to the difficulty with the previous verb: have they already been blessed or are they going to be blessed? (Alternate translation: “to have put a blessing on yourselves today”) The second difficulty is: should the clause connections be understood to say that the blessing is because of their actions, or more strongly, that a desire for blessing motivated them to take action? (Alternate translation: “and therefore a blessing is put on you today” or “so that a blessing may be put over you today”) The third difficulty is: while ultimately all blessing is from Yahweh, which is the subject here, Yahweh or the Levites? (Alternate translation: “and so Yahweh is putting a blessing on you today”) As with the previous clause, you may want to follow the decision of another translation your people are familiar with. Alternate translation: “, by that you brought blessing on yourselves” 32:30 kvj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה 1 Here, **sin** used as a verb and then repeated as a noun for emphasis. Along with **great**, it suggests that the people sinned very, very badly. If the repetition of words in this way would not create emphasis, use another form in your language that would. Alternate translation: “You have sinned extremally badly” -32:30 r5fn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for **sin**, you can express the idea behind it in another way. See the UST. +32:30 r5fn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה & חַטַּאתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for **sin**, you can express the idea behind it in another way. See the UST. 32:31 ccpg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חָטָ֞א הָ⁠עָ֤ם הַ⁠זֶּה֙ חֲטָאָ֣ה 1 Here, **sin** is used as a verb and then repeated as a noun for emphasis. Along with **great**, it suggests that the people sinned very, very badly. If the repetition of words in this way would not create emphasis, use another form in your language that would. Alternate translation: “this people has sinned extremely badly” 32:31 y049 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֲטָאָ֣ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for **sin**, you can express the idea behind it in another way. See the UST. 32:31 yeta אֱלֹהֵ֥י 1 Alternate translation: “a god”