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Removed "continue" notes that span section breaks in OT (#2433) 

Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2433
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Larry Sallee 2022-04-18 19:32:43 +00:00
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1
en_tn_03-LEV.tsv
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@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ LEV 1 intro ecv8 0 # Leviticus 1 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting
LEV 1 1 j8us 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
LEV 1 2 yiq7 0 When any man from among you Alternate translation: “When any one of you” or “When any of you”
LEV 1 2 s38f figs-quotesinquotes 0 ‘When any man Here Yahweh begins speaking to Moses. The words that begin “from the tent of meeting, saying,” can be translated without the quotation within the quotation. “from the tent of meeting and told Moses to say this to the people of Israel: ‘When any man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LEV 1 3 u1kc 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so that their sacrifices will be acceptable to Yahweh.
LEV 1 3 aps3 figs-123person 0 If his offering … he must offer Here “his” and “he” refer to the person bringing an offering to Yahweh. It can be translated in the second person as it is in [Leviticus 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “If your offering … you must offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
LEV 1 3 wp8j figs-activepassive 0 so that it may be accepted before Yahweh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
LEV 1 4 n7j5 translate-symaction 0 lay his hand on the head This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself through the animal to Yahweh, so that God will forgive the person’s sins when they kill the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
4 LEV 1 1 j8us 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
5 LEV 1 2 yiq7 0 When any man from among you Alternate translation: “When any one of you” or “When any of you”
6 LEV 1 2 s38f figs-quotesinquotes 0 ‘When any man Here Yahweh begins speaking to Moses. The words that begin “from the tent of meeting, saying,” can be translated without the quotation within the quotation. “from the tent of meeting and told Moses to say this to the people of Israel: ‘When any man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
LEV 1 3 u1kc 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so that their sacrifices will be acceptable to Yahweh.
7 LEV 1 3 aps3 figs-123person 0 If his offering … he must offer Here “his” and “he” refer to the person bringing an offering to Yahweh. It can be translated in the second person as it is in [Leviticus 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “If your offering … you must offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
8 LEV 1 3 wp8j figs-activepassive 0 so that it may be accepted before Yahweh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9 LEV 1 4 n7j5 translate-symaction 0 lay his hand on the head This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. In this way the person is offering himself through the animal to Yahweh, so that God will forgive the person’s sins when they kill the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

20
en_tn_06-JOS.tsv
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@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ JOS 1 2 vix4 figs-you אַתָּה֙ וְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָ֣ם הַ⁠זּ
JOS 1 3 v1l7 figs-pastforfuture כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם בּ֖⁠וֹ לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו 1 I have given you every place God giving the land to the Israelites in the future is spoken of as if he gave it to them in the past. This emphasizes that he will certainly give it to them. Alternate translation: “I will give to you every place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 1 3 xjc9 figs-you בּ֖⁠וֹ לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו 1 I have given you The word “you” refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 1 3 t94e figs-idiom כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם 1 every place where the sole of your foot will walk This refers to all the places Joshua and the Israelites will travel when they cross the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “everywhere you go in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 1 4 wl7a 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
JOS 1 4 nbe3 figs-you גְּבוּלְ⁠כֶֽם 1 your land The word “your” refers to the tribes of Israel and not only Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 1 5 w48w figs-you יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב…לְ⁠פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 to stand before you In verse 5 the words “you” and “your” refer to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 1 5 iq2e figs-doublet לֹ֥א אַרְפְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠לֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 I will not abandon you or leave you The words “abandon” and “leave” mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. Alternate translation: “I will certainly stay with you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
@ -16,7 +15,6 @@ JOS 1 6 a5yc figs-imperative 0 General Information: Yahweh gives Joshua a serie
JOS 1 6 gn34 figs-imperative חֲזַ֖ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֑ץ 1 Be strong and courageous Yahweh commands Joshua to overcome his fears with courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS 1 7 db9m figs-imperative אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול 1 Do not turn from it to the right or to the left This can be stated as a positive command. Alternate translation: “Follow it exactly” or “Follow them exactly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS 1 7 jy5x תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל 1 be successful Alternate translation: “achieve your goal” or “reach your goal”
JOS 1 8 t4mz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
JOS 1 8 lcs7 figs-doublet תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ וְ⁠אָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל 1 prosperous and successful These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 1 9 vt4l figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 Have I not commanded you? This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 1 9 fnz8 figs-imperative חֲזַ֣ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֔ץ 1 Be strong and courageous! Yahweh is commanding Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
@ -27,7 +25,6 @@ JOS 1 11 wg1e figs-idiom עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣
JOS 1 12 uji6 figs-explicit 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 1 12 fx7h translate-names וְ⁠לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִי֙ 1 Reubenites These were the descendants of Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 1 12 z8vh translate-names וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֔י 1 Gadites These were the decendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 1 14 mm4q 0 General Information: Joshua continues speaking to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh.
JOS 1 14 tf68 טַפְּ⁠כֶם֮ 1 your little ones Alternate translation: “your little children”
JOS 1 14 fb4d figs-idiom בְּ⁠עֵ֣בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 beyond the Jordan This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side “beyond the Jordan.” But at this time they were all still on the east side. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 1 15 b5yt figs-idiom אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ…לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮ 1 given your brothers rest This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -54,11 +51,9 @@ JOS 2 8 ds5e figs-idiom טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּ⁠ן 1 not yet lai
JOS 2 9 t8zy figs-you יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 I know that Yahweh has given you the land The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 2 9 xr6a figs-metaphor נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְ⁠כֶם֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 fear of you has come upon us Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 9 u74z figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 10 m3e1 0 General Information: Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
JOS 2 10 bcm2 יַם־סוּף֙ 1 the Sea of Reeds This is another name for the Red Sea.
JOS 2 10 c6i6 translate-names לְ⁠סִיחֹ֣ן וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֔וֹג 1 Sihon … Og These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 2 11 qx6v figs-doublet וַ⁠יִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔⁠נוּ וְ⁠לֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּ⁠אִ֖ישׁ 1 our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase “our hearts melted” compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 12 j6sz 0 General Information: Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
JOS 2 12 nmi4 figs-parallelism הִשָּֽׁבְעוּ־נָ֥א לִ⁠י֙…וּ⁠נְתַתֶּ֥ם לִ֖⁠י א֥וֹת אֱמֶֽת 1 please swear to me … Give me a sure sign These are similar statements of Rahab seeking assurance from the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 2 12 nh3t figs-you עָשִׂ֥יתִי עִמָּ⁠כֶ֖ם חָ֑סֶד 1 I have been kind to you The word “you” refers to the two spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 2 13 m6i6 figs-euphemism וְ⁠הַחֲיִתֶ֞ם אֶת־…וְ⁠הִצַּלְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖י⁠נוּ מִ⁠מָּֽוֶת 1 spare the lives … save us from death a polite way of saying “do not to kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -100,14 +95,12 @@ JOS 3 8 b797 קְצֵה֙ מֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 edge of the wa
JOS 3 9 pd66 0 General Information: Joshua tells Israel what Yahweh is about to do
JOS 3 10 u9w6 figs-metaphor וְ⁠הוֹרֵ֣שׁ יוֹרִ֣ישׁ מִ֠⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶם 1 drive out from before you Yahweh will force the other people living on the land to leave or be killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 3 11 zex2 figs-idiom עֹבֵ֥ר 1 crosses over “cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “will travel from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 3 12 u1wf 0 General Information: Joshua continues to tell Israel of the miracle that Yahweh will do.
JOS 3 12 u1wg 0 General Information: Just as Israel’s fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land.
JOS 3 13 bej3 כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵ֣י 1 the soles of the feet This refers to the bottom of their feet.
JOS 3 13 u9rl מִ⁠לְ⁠מָ֑עְלָ⁠ה 1 upstream This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel.
JOS 3 13 s6ud וְ⁠יַעַמְד֖וּ נֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד 1 stand in one heap The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests.
JOS 3 15 nhu7 figs-synecdoche בִּ⁠קְצֵ֣ה הַ⁠מָּ֑יִם 1 edge of the water This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 3 15 mu2b writing-background וְ⁠הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן מָלֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֔י⁠ו כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י קָצִֽיר 1 now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 3 17 dp93 0 General Information: The miraculous Jordan River crossing continues.
JOS 3 17 tg4f figs-explicit הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן 1 the Jordan This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 3 17 w7z6 figs-idiom עֹֽבְרִים֙ 1 crossed over This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 4 intro eh7p 0 # Joshua 4 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s war<br>The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God’s war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh’s power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
@ -138,7 +131,6 @@ JOS 4 18 m5z1 וַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֤בוּ מֵֽי־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙
JOS 4 19 bf72 עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 came up out of the Jordan This refers to when Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground.
JOS 4 19 zy5r translate-hebrewmonths בֶּ⁠עָשׂ֖וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 on the tenth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 4 20 s8s2 figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽ⁠אֲבָנִים֙ הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 The twelve stones that they took out of the Jordan Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 4 22 lx8h 0 General Information: Joshua continues to remind the people the purpose of the pile of stones.
JOS 4 22 p6nk וְ⁠הוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵי⁠כֶ֣ם 1 Tell your children It was for Israel to teach their children of God’s miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever.
JOS 4 24 qe29 figs-metonymy אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא 1 the hand of Yahweh is mighty This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 5 intro dv8f 0 # Joshua 5 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Circumcision<br><br>It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>### Manna<br><br>Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh’s care and provision will stop.
@ -264,7 +256,6 @@ JOS 8 1 den6 figs-metonymy נָתַ֣תִּי בְ⁠יָדְ⁠ךָ֗ אֶת־
JOS 8 1 t7bq figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֣תִּי 1 I have given God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. Alternate translation: “I will certainly give” or “I am giving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 8 2 h3r6 figs-personification וּ⁠לְ⁠מַלְכָּ֗⁠הּ 1 her king The word “her” refers to the city of Ai. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “its king” or “their king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOS 8 3 k4uk עַ֥ם הַ⁠מִּלְחָמָ֖ה 1 the men of war Alternate translation: “the army of Israel”
JOS 8 5 vtq4 0 General Information: Joshua continues to explain the battle plan to his soldiers.
JOS 8 7 fw9x figs-metonymy וּ⁠נְתָנָ֛⁠הּ…בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶֽם 1 will give it into your hand Here “hand” symbolizes the control and power the people have over their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 8 8 aj5t 0 General Information: Joshua finishes explaining the battle plan to his soldiers.
JOS 8 9 yt5n וַ⁠יִּשְׁלָחֵ֣⁠ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ 1 Joshua sent them out This phrase refers to Joshua sending the thirty thousand men who had been selected to ambush Ai to where they would set the ambush.
@ -542,11 +533,8 @@ JOS 15 18 d6qf figs-idiom בְּ⁠בוֹאָ֗⁠הּ 1 Aksah came to Othniel T
JOS 15 18 ia6d figs-quotations וַ⁠תְּסִיתֵ֨⁠הוּ֙ לִ⁠שְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽ⁠אֵת־אָבִ֨י⁠הָ֙ שָׂדֶ֔ה 1 she urged him to ask her father for a field. This can be translated as direct speech. Alternate translation: “she urged him, ‘Ask my father to give me a field.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JOS 15 19 nun3 אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּיּ֔וֹת וְ⁠אֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת 1 the upper springs and lower springs The words “upper” and “lower” likely refer to the geographical altitude of the water springs.
JOS 15 20 q76c figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Judah The land that the tribe of Judah received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 15 21 lgx2 translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists the southern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 33 tn8z translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists the northern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:47](../15/47.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 46 dfe2 וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן 1 settlements villages
JOS 15 47 hsx1 translate-names נַ֣חַל מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 brook of Egypt a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 48 m88k translate-names 1 General Information: The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:63](../15/63.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 63 j68z עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS 16 intro bpv3 0 # Joshua 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 16 1 b1k9 figs-explicit לִ⁠בְנֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙ 1 the tribe of Joseph The “tribe of Joseph” consisted of the tribes of Joseph’s two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -636,7 +624,6 @@ JOS 18 20 ywb2 figs-metaphor זֹ֡את נַחֲלַת֩ בְּנֵ֨י בִנְ
JOS 18 20 pe6e figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 it was given clan by clan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave it to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 18 21 i6af translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 24 jsu9 וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן 1 their villages Alternate translation: “the villages around them”
JOS 18 25 nk7k translate-names 0 General Information: The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 28 t3aa figs-metaphor זֹ֛את נַֽחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן 1 This was the inheritance of Benjamin The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 19 1 s149 וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֞א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֤ל הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙ לְ⁠שִׁמְע֔וֹן 1 The second casting of lots fell to Simeon Alternate translation: “The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon”
@ -645,7 +632,6 @@ JOS 19 1 z9r9 לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑⁠ם 1 clan by clan Alternate
JOS 19 1 u57y figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ נַֽחֲלָתָ֔⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָֽה 1 Their inheritance was in the middle of the inheritance that belonged to the tribe of Judah The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 2 kg51 translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 2 eu6h figs-metaphor וַ⁠יְהִ֥י לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּ⁠נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם 1 They had for their inheritance The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “They had the following cities for their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 5 la4r translate-names 0 General Information: The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 5 f4vb וְ⁠צִֽקְלַ֥ג 1 Ziklag See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/31.md).
JOS 19 8 uc1c figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Simeon The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 8 q586 figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 clan by clan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Joshua gave to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -862,25 +848,19 @@ JOS 24 1 c7pt וַ⁠יִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י 1 prese
JOS 24 2 tn5x מֵֽ⁠עוֹלָ֔ם 1 long ago Alternate translation: “many years ago”
JOS 24 2 y8s6 כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר 1 This is what Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13.
JOS 24 2 uke1 translate-names תֶּ֛רַח…נָח֑וֹר 1 Terah … Nahor These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 3 h2vy 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 4 z8e8 translate-names שֵׂעִיר֙ 1 Seir This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 4 azj7 יָרְד֥וּ 1 went down Egypt was lower in elevation that the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “traveled”
JOS 24 5 hrk4 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 5 shc6 figs-you הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 brought you out The word “you” is plural and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 6 uxu8 figs-you וָֽ⁠אוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 brought your ancestors out The word “your” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 7 w52l 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 7 t8kg figs-you וַ⁠יִּצְעֲק֣וּ…בֵּינֵי⁠כֶ֣ם 1 your ancestors … you Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 7 rv8q אֶת־הַ⁠יָּם֙ 1 the sea This refers to the Sea of Reeds.
JOS 24 7 gqs1 בַ⁠מִּדְבָּ֖ר 1 in the wilderness an uninhabited area, a desert
JOS 24 8 jpf2 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 8 xwk4 figs-you אֶתְ⁠כֶ֗ם 1 you The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 8 ew9g הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 24 8 wu3t figs-metonymy וָ⁠אֶתֵּ֨ן אוֹתָ֤⁠ם בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶם֙ 1 gave them into your hand Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 9 wi7h 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 9 eb7h translate-names בָּלָ֤ק…צִפּוֹר֙ 1 Balak … Zippor men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 9 l9gd figs-you אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 you The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 10 jr3f figs-metonymy וָ⁠אַצִּ֥ל אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם מִ⁠יָּדֽ 1 rescued you out of his hand Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to overcome him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 11 wlg7 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 11 b324 figs-you וַ⁠תַּעַבְר֣וּ 1 You The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 11 jx4u אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֮ 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 24 12 d1wr אֶת־הַ⁠צִּרְעָ֔ה 1 the hornet A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. Here, many “hornets” are spoken of as only one.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
8 JOS 1 3 v1l7 figs-pastforfuture כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם בּ֖⁠וֹ לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו 1 I have given you every place God giving the land to the Israelites in the future is spoken of as if he gave it to them in the past. This emphasizes that he will certainly give it to them. Alternate translation: “I will give to you every place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
9 JOS 1 3 xjc9 figs-you בּ֖⁠וֹ לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו 1 I have given you The word “you” refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
10 JOS 1 3 t94e figs-idiom כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם 1 every place where the sole of your foot will walk This refers to all the places Joshua and the Israelites will travel when they cross the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “everywhere you go in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 1 4 wl7a 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
11 JOS 1 4 nbe3 figs-you גְּבוּלְ⁠כֶֽם 1 your land The word “your” refers to the tribes of Israel and not only Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
12 JOS 1 5 w48w figs-you יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב…לְ⁠פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 to stand before you In verse 5 the words “you” and “your” refer to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
13 JOS 1 5 iq2e figs-doublet לֹ֥א אַרְפְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠לֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 I will not abandon you or leave you The words “abandon” and “leave” mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. Alternate translation: “I will certainly stay with you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
15 JOS 1 6 gn34 figs-imperative חֲזַ֖ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֑ץ 1 Be strong and courageous Yahweh commands Joshua to overcome his fears with courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
16 JOS 1 7 db9m figs-imperative אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול 1 Do not turn from it to the right or to the left This can be stated as a positive command. Alternate translation: “Follow it exactly” or “Follow them exactly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
17 JOS 1 7 jy5x תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל 1 be successful Alternate translation: “achieve your goal” or “reach your goal”
JOS 1 8 t4mz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
18 JOS 1 8 lcs7 figs-doublet תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ וְ⁠אָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל 1 prosperous and successful These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
19 JOS 1 9 vt4l figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 Have I not commanded you? This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
20 JOS 1 9 fnz8 figs-imperative חֲזַ֣ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֔ץ 1 Be strong and courageous! Yahweh is commanding Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
25 JOS 1 12 uji6 figs-explicit 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26 JOS 1 12 fx7h translate-names וְ⁠לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִי֙ 1 Reubenites These were the descendants of Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
27 JOS 1 12 z8vh translate-names וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֔י 1 Gadites These were the decendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 1 14 mm4q 0 General Information: Joshua continues speaking to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh.
28 JOS 1 14 tf68 טַפְּ⁠כֶם֮ 1 your little ones Alternate translation: “your little children”
29 JOS 1 14 fb4d figs-idiom בְּ⁠עֵ֣בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 beyond the Jordan This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side “beyond the Jordan.” But at this time they were all still on the east side. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
30 JOS 1 15 b5yt figs-idiom אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ…לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮ 1 given your brothers rest This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
51 JOS 2 9 t8zy figs-you יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 I know that Yahweh has given you the land The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
52 JOS 2 9 xr6a figs-metaphor נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְ⁠כֶם֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 fear of you has come upon us Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
53 JOS 2 9 u74z figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 10 m3e1 0 General Information: Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
54 JOS 2 10 bcm2 יַם־סוּף֙ 1 the Sea of Reeds This is another name for the Red Sea.
55 JOS 2 10 c6i6 translate-names לְ⁠סִיחֹ֣ן וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֔וֹג 1 Sihon … Og These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
56 JOS 2 11 qx6v figs-doublet וַ⁠יִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔⁠נוּ וְ⁠לֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּ⁠אִ֖ישׁ 1 our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase “our hearts melted” compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 2 12 j6sz 0 General Information: Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
57 JOS 2 12 nmi4 figs-parallelism הִשָּֽׁבְעוּ־נָ֥א לִ⁠י֙…וּ⁠נְתַתֶּ֥ם לִ֖⁠י א֥וֹת אֱמֶֽת 1 please swear to me … Give me a sure sign These are similar statements of Rahab seeking assurance from the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
58 JOS 2 12 nh3t figs-you עָשִׂ֥יתִי עִמָּ⁠כֶ֖ם חָ֑סֶד 1 I have been kind to you The word “you” refers to the two spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
59 JOS 2 13 m6i6 figs-euphemism וְ⁠הַחֲיִתֶ֞ם אֶת־…וְ⁠הִצַּלְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖י⁠נוּ מִ⁠מָּֽוֶת 1 spare the lives … save us from death a polite way of saying “do not to kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
95 JOS 3 9 pd66 0 General Information: Joshua tells Israel what Yahweh is about to do
96 JOS 3 10 u9w6 figs-metaphor וְ⁠הוֹרֵ֣שׁ יוֹרִ֣ישׁ מִ֠⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶם 1 drive out from before you Yahweh will force the other people living on the land to leave or be killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
97 JOS 3 11 zex2 figs-idiom עֹבֵ֥ר 1 crosses over “cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “will travel from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 3 12 u1wf 0 General Information: Joshua continues to tell Israel of the miracle that Yahweh will do.
98 JOS 3 12 u1wg 0 General Information: Just as Israel’s fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land.
99 JOS 3 13 bej3 כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵ֣י 1 the soles of the feet This refers to the bottom of their feet.
100 JOS 3 13 u9rl מִ⁠לְ⁠מָ֑עְלָ⁠ה 1 upstream This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel.
101 JOS 3 13 s6ud וְ⁠יַעַמְד֖וּ נֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד 1 stand in one heap The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests.
102 JOS 3 15 nhu7 figs-synecdoche בִּ⁠קְצֵ֣ה הַ⁠מָּ֑יִם 1 edge of the water This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
103 JOS 3 15 mu2b writing-background וְ⁠הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן מָלֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֔י⁠ו כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י קָצִֽיר 1 now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 3 17 dp93 0 General Information: The miraculous Jordan River crossing continues.
104 JOS 3 17 tg4f figs-explicit הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן 1 the Jordan This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
105 JOS 3 17 w7z6 figs-idiom עֹֽבְרִים֙ 1 crossed over This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
106 JOS 4 intro eh7p 0 # Joshua 4 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s war<br>The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God’s war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh’s power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
131 JOS 4 19 bf72 עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 came up out of the Jordan This refers to when Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground.
132 JOS 4 19 zy5r translate-hebrewmonths בֶּ⁠עָשׂ֖וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 on the tenth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
133 JOS 4 20 s8s2 figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽ⁠אֲבָנִים֙ הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 The twelve stones that they took out of the Jordan Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 4 22 lx8h 0 General Information: Joshua continues to remind the people the purpose of the pile of stones.
134 JOS 4 22 p6nk וְ⁠הוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵי⁠כֶ֣ם 1 Tell your children It was for Israel to teach their children of God’s miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever.
135 JOS 4 24 qe29 figs-metonymy אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא 1 the hand of Yahweh is mighty This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
136 JOS 5 intro dv8f 0 # Joshua 5 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Circumcision<br><br>It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>### Manna<br><br>Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh’s care and provision will stop.
256 JOS 8 1 t7bq figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֣תִּי 1 I have given God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. Alternate translation: “I will certainly give” or “I am giving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
257 JOS 8 2 h3r6 figs-personification וּ⁠לְ⁠מַלְכָּ֗⁠הּ 1 her king The word “her” refers to the city of Ai. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “its king” or “their king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
258 JOS 8 3 k4uk עַ֥ם הַ⁠מִּלְחָמָ֖ה 1 the men of war Alternate translation: “the army of Israel”
JOS 8 5 vtq4 0 General Information: Joshua continues to explain the battle plan to his soldiers.
259 JOS 8 7 fw9x figs-metonymy וּ⁠נְתָנָ֛⁠הּ…בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶֽם 1 will give it into your hand Here “hand” symbolizes the control and power the people have over their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
260 JOS 8 8 aj5t 0 General Information: Joshua finishes explaining the battle plan to his soldiers.
261 JOS 8 9 yt5n וַ⁠יִּשְׁלָחֵ֣⁠ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ 1 Joshua sent them out This phrase refers to Joshua sending the thirty thousand men who had been selected to ambush Ai to where they would set the ambush.
533 JOS 15 18 ia6d figs-quotations וַ⁠תְּסִיתֵ֨⁠הוּ֙ לִ⁠שְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽ⁠אֵת־אָבִ֨י⁠הָ֙ שָׂדֶ֔ה 1 she urged him to ask her father for a field. This can be translated as direct speech. Alternate translation: “she urged him, ‘Ask my father to give me a field.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
534 JOS 15 19 nun3 אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּיּ֔וֹת וְ⁠אֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת 1 the upper springs and lower springs The words “upper” and “lower” likely refer to the geographical altitude of the water springs.
535 JOS 15 20 q76c figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Judah The land that the tribe of Judah received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 15 21 lgx2 translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists the southern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 33 tn8z translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists the northern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:47](../15/47.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
536 JOS 15 46 dfe2 וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן 1 settlements villages
537 JOS 15 47 hsx1 translate-names נַ֣חַל מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 brook of Egypt a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 48 m88k translate-names 1 General Information: The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:63](../15/63.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
538 JOS 15 63 j68z עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
539 JOS 16 intro bpv3 0 # Joshua 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
540 JOS 16 1 b1k9 figs-explicit לִ⁠בְנֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙ 1 the tribe of Joseph The “tribe of Joseph” consisted of the tribes of Joseph’s two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
624 JOS 18 20 pe6e figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 it was given clan by clan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave it to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
625 JOS 18 21 i6af translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
626 JOS 18 24 jsu9 וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן 1 their villages Alternate translation: “the villages around them”
JOS 18 25 nk7k translate-names 0 General Information: The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
627 JOS 18 28 t3aa figs-metaphor זֹ֛את נַֽחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן 1 This was the inheritance of Benjamin The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
628 JOS 19 intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
629 JOS 19 1 s149 וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֞א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֤ל הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙ לְ⁠שִׁמְע֔וֹן 1 The second casting of lots fell to Simeon Alternate translation: “The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon”
632 JOS 19 1 u57y figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ נַֽחֲלָתָ֔⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָֽה 1 Their inheritance was in the middle of the inheritance that belonged to the tribe of Judah The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
633 JOS 19 2 kg51 translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
634 JOS 19 2 eu6h figs-metaphor וַ⁠יְהִ֥י לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּ⁠נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם 1 They had for their inheritance The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “They had the following cities for their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 5 la4r translate-names 0 General Information: The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
635 JOS 19 5 f4vb וְ⁠צִֽקְלַ֥ג 1 Ziklag See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/31.md).
636 JOS 19 8 uc1c figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Simeon The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
637 JOS 19 8 q586 figs-activepassive לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 clan by clan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Joshua gave to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
848 JOS 24 2 tn5x מֵֽ⁠עוֹלָ֔ם 1 long ago Alternate translation: “many years ago”
849 JOS 24 2 y8s6 כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר 1 This is what Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13.
850 JOS 24 2 uke1 translate-names תֶּ֛רַח…נָח֑וֹר 1 Terah … Nahor These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 3 h2vy 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
851 JOS 24 4 z8e8 translate-names שֵׂעִיר֙ 1 Seir This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
852 JOS 24 4 azj7 יָרְד֥וּ 1 went down Egypt was lower in elevation that the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “traveled”
JOS 24 5 hrk4 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
853 JOS 24 5 shc6 figs-you הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 brought you out The word “you” is plural and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
854 JOS 24 6 uxu8 figs-you וָֽ⁠אוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 brought your ancestors out The word “your” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 7 w52l 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
855 JOS 24 7 t8kg figs-you וַ⁠יִּצְעֲק֣וּ…בֵּינֵי⁠כֶ֣ם 1 your ancestors … you Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
856 JOS 24 7 rv8q אֶת־הַ⁠יָּם֙ 1 the sea This refers to the Sea of Reeds.
857 JOS 24 7 gqs1 בַ⁠מִּדְבָּ֖ר 1 in the wilderness an uninhabited area, a desert
JOS 24 8 jpf2 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
858 JOS 24 8 xwk4 figs-you אֶתְ⁠כֶ֗ם 1 you The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
859 JOS 24 8 ew9g הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
860 JOS 24 8 wu3t figs-metonymy וָ⁠אֶתֵּ֨ן אוֹתָ֤⁠ם בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶם֙ 1 gave them into your hand Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 9 wi7h 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
861 JOS 24 9 eb7h translate-names בָּלָ֤ק…צִפּוֹר֙ 1 Balak … Zippor men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
862 JOS 24 9 l9gd figs-you אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 you The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
863 JOS 24 10 jr3f figs-metonymy וָ⁠אַצִּ֥ל אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם מִ⁠יָּדֽ 1 rescued you out of his hand Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to overcome him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 11 wlg7 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
864 JOS 24 11 b324 figs-you וַ⁠תַּעַבְר֣וּ 1 You The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
865 JOS 24 11 jx4u אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֮ 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
866 JOS 24 12 d1wr אֶת־הַ⁠צִּרְעָ֔ה 1 the hornet A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. Here, many “hornets” are spoken of as only one.

10
en_tn_07-JDG.tsv
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@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ JDG 2 1 ha9u 0 your fathers Alternate translation: “your ancestors” or “
JDG 2 1 p92u figs-idiom 0 break my covenant with you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fail to do what I said I would do for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 2 2 syq4 figs-metonymy 0 you have not listened to my voice Here “voice” represents what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 2 w8ys figs-rquestion 0 What is this that you have done? This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 2 3 lva5 0 General Information: The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
JDG 2 3 kdq3 figs-quotesinquotes 0 So now I say, ‘I will not … trap for you.’ This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “So now I tell you that I will not … trap for you.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG 2 3 plg4 figs-metaphor 0 become thorns in your sides The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “cause you trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 3 y4wm 0 thorns sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants
@ -291,13 +290,11 @@ JDG 5 1 w7ex figs-explicit 0 On that day The full meaning of this statement can
JDG 5 1 pfq9 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG 5 1 l3sj 0 Barak … Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG 5 2 s181 0 when the people gladly volunteer for war Alternate translation: “when the men agree to fight in battle”
JDG 5 3 awd4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
JDG 5 3 hs8j figs-apostrophe 0 Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JDG 5 3 cbt1 0 you kings … you leaders This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.
JDG 5 4 f5pu figs-metaphor 0 when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 4 vj7e translate-names 0 Seir Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 5 4 hw54 figs-metaphor 0 the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water This could mean: (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 5 db6h writing-poetry 0 General Information: Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
JDG 5 5 p4qp figs-personification 0 The mountains quaked This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 5 d62l figs-metonymy 0 before the face of Yahweh Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 5 wuf5 figs-explicit 0 even Mount Sinai quaked When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. Alternate translation: “long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -314,10 +311,8 @@ JDG 5 8 dl2n translate-numbers 0 forty thousand in Israel “40,000 in Israel
JDG 5 9 u5zy figs-metonymy 0 My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel The word “heart” represents a person’s emotions. The phrase “My heart goes out to” is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. Alternate translation: “I appreciate the commanders of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 5 10 dt2p figs-merism 0 you who ride on white donkeys … you who walk along the road This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. Alternate translation: “you rich people who ride on white donkeys … you poor people who walk along the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JDG 5 10 vf24 0 sitting on rugs for saddles These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey’s back to make the rider more comfortable.
JDG 5 11 v16w 0 General Information: The song of Deborah and Barak continues.
JDG 5 11 v4bj figs-synecdoche 0 Hear the voices of those Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 11 f6il figs-synecdoche 0 went down to the city gates Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 12 q8vl writing-poetry 0 General Information: Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
JDG 5 12 de7e 0 Awake, awake Possible speakers are: (1) the people of Israel or (2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or (3) the poet who wrote the song.
JDG 5 12 jc43 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG 5 12 qc51 0 Barak … Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
@ -625,7 +620,6 @@ JDG 9 7 z9vx translate-names 0 Mount Gerizim This is a mountain. (See: [[rc://e
JDG 9 8 p19p figs-parables 0 The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 8 x1ky translate-symaction 0 to anoint a king over them Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 9 8 ai6t 0 Reign over us Alternate translation: “Be our king”
JDG 9 9 ns1k 0 General Information: Jotham continues telling the parable he begins in [Judges 9:7](../09/07.md), where the trees represent the Israelites.
JDG 9 9 q6h3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my abundance … over the other trees? The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 9 v5cc figs-metonymy 0 abundance This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 9 b42t 0 by which gods and men are honored This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
@ -634,11 +628,9 @@ JDG 9 9 a9cy figs-metaphor 0 sway over To sway is to move back and forth. Trees
JDG 9 11 df3r figs-parables 0 the fig tree said to them Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 11 bi3f figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my sweetness … over the other trees? The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 11 jkz5 figs-abstractnouns 0 my sweetness and my good fruit The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 9 12 akj6 0 General Information: Jotham continues telling the parable he begins in [Judges 9:7](../09/07.md), where the trees represent the Israelites.
JDG 9 12 m2h3 figs-parables 0 The trees said to the vine In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 13 i2y3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my new wine … over the other trees? The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 14 mp3a 0 thornbush Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.
JDG 9 15 ne2j 0 General Information: Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups, and makes the application.
JDG 9 15 g1p2 figs-parables 0 The thornbush said to the trees In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 15 zea8 translate-symaction 0 to anoint me as king over you To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 9 15 cm8a figs-abstractnouns 0 find safety The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1346,10 +1338,8 @@ JDG 20 35 bt91 translate-numbers 0 25,100 men “twenty-five thousand one hundr
JDG 20 36 mrd4 writing-background 0 The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men … outside Gibeah From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 20 36 i3ru figs-idiom 0 had given ground to Benjamin This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. Alternate translation: “had allowed Benjamin to move forward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 36 sq9e figs-idiom 0 they were counting on the men This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 39 btm9 writing-background 0 General Information: This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 20 39 t29b 0 would turn from the battle Alternate translation: “would retreat from the fight”
JDG 20 39 vbr9 figs-activepassive 0 they are defeated before us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we have defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 20 40 w5ns writing-background 0 General Information: This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 20 41 ltm1 0 disaster great harm, trouble, misery
JDG 20 41 jg8p figs-idiom 0 come on them This idiom means it happened to them. Alternate translation: “happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 42 pdp2 figs-personification 0 But the fighting overtook them This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them” or “But they were not able to escape the fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
94 JDG 2 1 p92u figs-idiom 0 break my covenant with you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fail to do what I said I would do for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
95 JDG 2 2 syq4 figs-metonymy 0 you have not listened to my voice Here “voice” represents what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
96 JDG 2 2 w8ys figs-rquestion 0 What is this that you have done? This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 2 3 lva5 0 General Information: The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
97 JDG 2 3 kdq3 figs-quotesinquotes 0 So now I say, ‘I will not … trap for you.’ This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “So now I tell you that I will not … trap for you.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
98 JDG 2 3 plg4 figs-metaphor 0 become thorns in your sides The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “cause you trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
99 JDG 2 3 y4wm 0 thorns sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants
290 JDG 5 1 pfq9 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
291 JDG 5 1 l3sj 0 Barak … Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
292 JDG 5 2 s181 0 when the people gladly volunteer for war Alternate translation: “when the men agree to fight in battle”
JDG 5 3 awd4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
293 JDG 5 3 hs8j figs-apostrophe 0 Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
294 JDG 5 3 cbt1 0 you kings … you leaders This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.
295 JDG 5 4 f5pu figs-metaphor 0 when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296 JDG 5 4 vj7e translate-names 0 Seir Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
297 JDG 5 4 hw54 figs-metaphor 0 the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water This could mean: (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 5 db6h writing-poetry 0 General Information: Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
298 JDG 5 5 p4qp figs-personification 0 The mountains quaked This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
299 JDG 5 5 d62l figs-metonymy 0 before the face of Yahweh Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
300 JDG 5 5 wuf5 figs-explicit 0 even Mount Sinai quaked When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. Alternate translation: “long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
311 JDG 5 9 u5zy figs-metonymy 0 My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel The word “heart” represents a person’s emotions. The phrase “My heart goes out to” is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. Alternate translation: “I appreciate the commanders of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
312 JDG 5 10 dt2p figs-merism 0 you who ride on white donkeys … you who walk along the road This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. Alternate translation: “you rich people who ride on white donkeys … you poor people who walk along the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
313 JDG 5 10 vf24 0 sitting on rugs for saddles These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey’s back to make the rider more comfortable.
JDG 5 11 v16w 0 General Information: The song of Deborah and Barak continues.
314 JDG 5 11 v4bj figs-synecdoche 0 Hear the voices of those Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
315 JDG 5 11 f6il figs-synecdoche 0 went down to the city gates Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 12 q8vl writing-poetry 0 General Information: Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
316 JDG 5 12 de7e 0 Awake, awake Possible speakers are: (1) the people of Israel or (2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or (3) the poet who wrote the song.
317 JDG 5 12 jc43 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
318 JDG 5 12 qc51 0 Barak … Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
620 JDG 9 8 p19p figs-parables 0 The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
621 JDG 9 8 x1ky translate-symaction 0 to anoint a king over them Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
622 JDG 9 8 ai6t 0 Reign over us Alternate translation: “Be our king”
JDG 9 9 ns1k 0 General Information: Jotham continues telling the parable he begins in [Judges 9:7](../09/07.md), where the trees represent the Israelites.
623 JDG 9 9 q6h3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my abundance … over the other trees? The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
624 JDG 9 9 v5cc figs-metonymy 0 abundance This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
625 JDG 9 9 b42t 0 by which gods and men are honored This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
628 JDG 9 11 df3r figs-parables 0 the fig tree said to them Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
629 JDG 9 11 bi3f figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my sweetness … over the other trees? The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
630 JDG 9 11 jkz5 figs-abstractnouns 0 my sweetness and my good fruit The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 9 12 akj6 0 General Information: Jotham continues telling the parable he begins in [Judges 9:7](../09/07.md), where the trees represent the Israelites.
631 JDG 9 12 m2h3 figs-parables 0 The trees said to the vine In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
632 JDG 9 13 i2y3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my new wine … over the other trees? The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
633 JDG 9 14 mp3a 0 thornbush Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.
JDG 9 15 ne2j 0 General Information: Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups, and makes the application.
634 JDG 9 15 g1p2 figs-parables 0 The thornbush said to the trees In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
635 JDG 9 15 zea8 translate-symaction 0 to anoint me as king over you To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
636 JDG 9 15 cm8a figs-abstractnouns 0 find safety The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1338 JDG 20 36 mrd4 writing-background 0 The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men … outside Gibeah From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1339 JDG 20 36 i3ru figs-idiom 0 had given ground to Benjamin This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. Alternate translation: “had allowed Benjamin to move forward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1340 JDG 20 36 sq9e figs-idiom 0 they were counting on the men This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 39 btm9 writing-background 0 General Information: This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1341 JDG 20 39 t29b 0 would turn from the battle Alternate translation: “would retreat from the fight”
1342 JDG 20 39 vbr9 figs-activepassive 0 they are defeated before us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we have defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 20 40 w5ns writing-background 0 General Information: This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1343 JDG 20 41 ltm1 0 disaster great harm, trouble, misery
1344 JDG 20 41 jg8p figs-idiom 0 come on them This idiom means it happened to them. Alternate translation: “happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1345 JDG 20 42 pdp2 figs-personification 0 But the fighting overtook them This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them” or “But they were not able to escape the fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

1
en_tn_09-1SA.tsv
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@ -512,7 +512,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 13 20 rc73 0 sickle a curved blade for cutting grasses and grain stalks
1SA 13 21 wv2t translate-bmoney 0 two-thirds of a shekel The shekel is divided into 3 parts, 2 of 3 parts are given. “2/3 of a shekel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
1SA 13 21 e1et 0 straightening the goads Alternate translation: “taking out the bend and making the ox goad straight again so it could be used”
1SA 13 22 mpy2 0 General Information: The narrative continues.
1SA 13 22 lcm6 0 there were no swords or spears This explains in part why Saul’s army was afraid. They did not have any weapons to fight.
1SA 14 intro abce 0 # 1 Samuel 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter completes the story of Jonathan’s victory over the Philistines.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The battle against the Philistines<br><br>Jonathan took his armor bearer to where the Philistines were on the top of the hill. He said God could use a few people just as easily as he could use many people to win his battles. He and his armor bearer started killing the Philistines, and suddenly the Philistines began fighting each other or running away. The rest of Israel, who had hidden, came and chased the Philistines. Even though Israel had a king, God was still in control of the nation of Israel.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Special reference<br><br>The people of Israel often used the term “uncircumcised” to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to mean the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])
1SA 14 1 m1uz 0 General Information: Jonathan begins his second raid on the Philistines’ army.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
512 1SA 13 20 rc73 0 sickle a curved blade for cutting grasses and grain stalks
513 1SA 13 21 wv2t translate-bmoney 0 two-thirds of a shekel The shekel is divided into 3 parts, 2 of 3 parts are given. “2/3 of a shekel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
514 1SA 13 21 e1et 0 straightening the goads Alternate translation: “taking out the bend and making the ox goad straight again so it could be used”
1SA 13 22 mpy2 0 General Information: The narrative continues.
515 1SA 13 22 lcm6 0 there were no swords or spears This explains in part why Saul’s army was afraid. They did not have any weapons to fight.
516 1SA 14 intro abce 0 # 1 Samuel 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter completes the story of Jonathan’s victory over the Philistines.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The battle against the Philistines<br><br>Jonathan took his armor bearer to where the Philistines were on the top of the hill. He said God could use a few people just as easily as he could use many people to win his battles. He and his armor bearer started killing the Philistines, and suddenly the Philistines began fighting each other or running away. The rest of Israel, who had hidden, came and chased the Philistines. Even though Israel had a king, God was still in control of the nation of Israel.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Special reference<br><br>The people of Israel often used the term “uncircumcised” to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to mean the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])
517 1SA 14 1 m1uz 0 General Information: Jonathan begins his second raid on the Philistines’ army.

32
en_tn_10-2SA.tsv
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@ -312,7 +312,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 7 9 pbz4 figs-metaphor 0 I have cut off all your enemies Yahweh destroying David’s enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 7 9 g9f5 figs-metonymy 0 make your name great Here “name” represents a person’s reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 7 9 vtf6 0 the great ones The phrase “great ones” means famous persons.
2SA 7 10 l6jj 0 General Information: Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
2SA 7 10 k1yc 0 I will appoint a place Alternate translation: “I will choose a place”
2SA 7 10 etx1 figs-metaphor 0 will plant them there Yahweh causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 7 10 kax4 figs-activepassive 0 be troubled no more This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever trouble them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -322,7 +321,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 7 11 cyy5 figs-quotesinquotes 0 Now I will give you rest from all your enemies … declare to you that I will make you a house If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “him” or “his.” Alternate translation: “Now I will give him rest from all his enemies … declare to him that I will make him a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2SA 7 11 a1aw figs-abstractnouns 0 I will give you rest from all your enemies “I will give you safety from all your enemies.” Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I will make all your enemies stop attacking you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA 7 11 ax6w figs-metonymy 0 I will make you a house Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There “house” represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 7 12 ap2z 0 General Information: Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
2SA 7 12 bvq2 figs-parallelism 0 When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 7 12 zh5i figs-metaphor 0 I will raise up a descendant after you Yahweh appointing David’s descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 7 12 n1u2 figs-idiom 0 one who will come out from your body This is an idiom that means the person will be David’s descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -354,7 +352,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 7 23 u6gx figs-metonymy 0 to make a name for yourself Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “to make all people know who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 7 23 gpj6 figs-metonymy 0 for your land Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “for your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 7 23 y68y figs-metonymy 0 You drove out nations Here “nations” represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 7 24 hmw1 0 General Information: David continues to talk to Yahweh.
2SA 7 25 s7y8 0 So now Here “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2SA 7 25 wp22 figs-activepassive 0 may the promise that you made concerning your servant and his family be established forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 7 25 i7rz figs-123person 0 your servant and his family David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “me and my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -444,7 +441,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 10 6 t6tc translate-names 0 Beth Rehob … Zobah … Maacah … Tob These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 10 6 gk6y translate-numbers 0 twenty thousand … a thousand … twelve thousand “20,000…1,000…12,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 10 8 u7sj 0 to their city gate Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
2SA 10 9 p5qe 0 General Information: The battle with the Arameans and Ammon continues.
2SA 10 10 ka2a 0 The rest of his people he put into the hand of Abishai his brother Alternate translation: “He put Abishai his brother in charge of the rest of the army”
2SA 10 11 i9k3 0 General Information: Joab gets the army ready for battle.
2SA 10 11 nlq4 figs-synecdoche 0 for me, then you, Abishai, must rescue me Here “me” refers to Joab. Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: “for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -617,7 +613,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 13 11 c79f figs-euphemism 0 lie with me This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 13 12 rly8 figs-ellipsis 0 do not force me She is referring to having sexual relations with him. Alternate translation: “do not force me to have sexual relations with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA 13 12 fd8t 0 appalling very shameful
2SA 13 13 dwl7 0 General Information: Tamar continues to talk to Amnon.
2SA 13 13 j8jb figs-rquestion 0 How could I be rid of my shame? Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him. Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from. Alternate translation: “If you do this, I would have to endure shame everywhere I go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 13 14 ras3 figs-euphemism 0 he lay with her This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 13 16 zc24 figs-abstractnouns 0 Because this great evil of making me leave is even worse The abstract noun “this great evil” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1228,97 +1223,76 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 22 1 sh9l 0 out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul.
2SA 22 1 gzu9 figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of This metonym means “out of the power of.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 22 2 t5y8 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is my rock, my fortress This metaphor shows a progression from a part, “rock,” to the whole, “fortress.” A fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 3 e7pg figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 3 h8pd figs-metaphor 0 God is my rock … He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold All of these metaphors are symbols of God’s strength and power. They emphasize God’s ability to protect and save his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 4 v4up figs-activepassive 0 who is worthy to be praised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who is worthy to receive praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 22 4 p1jc figs-activepassive 0 I will be saved from my enemies This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will save me from my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 22 5 fm3w figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 5 xvj7 figs-metaphor 0 For the waves of death surrounded me, the rushing waters of destruction overwhelmed me David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. These sentences have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 5 p6bv 0 the rushing waters of destruction This is a picture of fast-flowing flood waters that destroy everything in their path.
2SA 22 6 d6ka figs-personification 0 The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. These phrases have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 7 iv59 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 7 m7xw 0 In my distress Alternate translation: “In my great trouble”
2SA 22 7 dv16 0 he heard my voice from his temple David is referring to the heavenly temple where Yahweh dwells. The earthly temple has not yet been built.
2SA 22 7 v2zx figs-metonymy 0 my call for help went into his ears Here the metonym “his ears” refers to Yahweh and his hearing of David’s call for help. Alternate translation: “he heard my prayer for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 22 7 w8ts figs-personification 0 his ears David speaks of Yahweh as if he had ears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA 22 8 by1e figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 8 ai6g figs-metaphor 0 Then the earth shook This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of the earth shaking to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 8 gxt8 figs-merism 0 earth shook … heavens trembled David speaks of the two extremes to include everything in creation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2SA 22 8 x6xl figs-activepassive 0 and were shaken, because God was angry This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because God’s anger shook them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 22 9 qf19 figs-metaphor 0 were ignited by it This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of fire coming from Yahweh to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 9 c8xq figs-personification 0 his nostrils … his mouth David speaks of Yahweh as if he had these humans parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA 22 9 cq54 figs-metaphor 0 Coals were ignited by it Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to fire, which causes coals to ignite and burn. Alternate translation: “The flame from his mouth set coals on fire” or “He also sent burning coals from his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 10 e2j2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 10 f5ym figs-metaphor 0 He opened the heavens David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 10 pg86 figs-personification 0 under his feet David speaks of God as having feet like humans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA 22 11 r4l7 figs-activepassive 0 He was seen on the wings of the wind This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He appeared on the wings of the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 22 11 gmc9 figs-metaphor 0 the wings of the wind This expression speaks of the wind as if it were a bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 12 mit5 figs-metaphor 0 rain clouds in the skies David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 12 ee39 figs-metaphor 0 He made darkness a tent around him Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. Alternate translation: “He hid himself in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 13 x4bf figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 13 t957 0 From the lightning before him coals of fire fell This could mean: (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning”
2SA 22 13 g4lk figs-metaphor 0 From the lightning before him David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 14 d4ht figs-personification 0 The Most High shouted. David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA 22 15 h783 figs-personification 0 He shot arrows David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA 22 15 i235 figs-metaphor 0 He shot arrows … lightning bolts David compares the lightning from Yahweh’s storm to arrows that a soldier would use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 15 rg2n figs-metaphor 0 lightning bolts and dispersed them David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 16 hl1s figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 16 za11 figs-metaphor 0 Then the channels of the sea were seen … breath of his nostrils When Yahweh shouted in his attack against David’s enemies, it is compared to his power to create upheaval in the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. This shows his great power and fierce anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA 22 16 dcq2 figs-activepassive 0 the channels of the sea were seen This means that the sea water moved and the ocean floor was visible. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People could see the channels of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 22 16 it2c 0 the channels of the sea the deepest part of the sea, from which the Hebrews believed was where the water in the sea came
2SA 22 16 kcr5 figs-activepassive 0 the foundations of the world were laid bare at the rebuke of Yahweh, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils David compares Yahweh’s anger to turbulent movements of the ground. “This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s rebuke, the breath of his nostrils, laid bare the foundations of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 22 17 a1rh figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 17 kw87 figs-metaphor 0 out of the surging water David compares his enemies to a flood that threatens to drown him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 18 lg3q 0 He rescued me from my strong enemy David’s enemies were overwhelming. He praises God for delivering him from all his enemies.
2SA 22 19 p8zw figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 19 zv1u 0 They came against me on the day of my distress Alternate translation: “My enemies fought against me when I was in great trouble”
2SA 22 19 nty3 0 the day of my distress Alternate translation: “the time of my distress”
2SA 22 19 v9h4 0 but Yahweh was my support Alternate translation: “but Yahweh supported me” or “but Yahweh helped me”
2SA 22 20 yh2u 0 a wide open place This refers to a place where there was no danger and his enemies could not trap him.
2SA 22 21 en85 figs-idiom 0 to the measure of the cleanness of my hands Here “cleanness of my hands” means the same as “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because I obey his commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 22 ui5d 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 22 s787 0 I have kept the ways of Yahweh Here “the ways of Yahweh” refers to how Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands.
2SA 22 23 ze3e 0 have been before me This means David constantly reads and thinks about God’s decrees.
2SA 22 24 fv6x 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 24 j1e5 figs-idiom 0 I have kept myself from sin This refers to choosing not to sin against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 22 25 qdu9 figs-idiom 0 to the degree of my cleanness in his sight Here “my cleanness” means the same as “my righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because he knows that I have done what he commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 26 s5yt 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 27 b64p 0 you are perverse to the twisted Here “perverse” means to be cunning or crafty, and “twisted” means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people.
2SA 22 28 p62n 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 28 yma2 figs-personification 0 your eyes are against the proud Here the metonym “your eyes” refers to what Yahweh sees. This means Yahweh watches the proud person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA 22 28 b16y 0 you bring them down Alternate translation: “you destroy their pride”
2SA 22 29 h2zr figs-metaphor 0 you are my lamp, Yahweh. Yahweh lights up my darkness This metaphor compares Yahweh to a lamp, which means he gives David light and helps him to see when things seem hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 30 i7gq 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 30 l2yd 0 I can run over a barricade Here “barricade” may refer to a group of soldiers or to a stone wall. Either way it means God enables David to defeat his enemies.
2SA 22 30 ul6k figs-hyperbole 0 I can leap over a wall David is exaggerating to emphasize Yahweh’s help. Alternate translation: “I can climb over the wall that surrounds their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA 22 31 gj1g 0 The word of Yahweh is pure Alternate translation: “Everything Yahweh says is true”
2SA 22 31 udr8 figs-metonymy 0 He is a shield The metaphor “a shield” emphasizes God’s power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 22 32 ydz2 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 32 p5ua figs-rquestion 0 For who is God except Yahweh, and who is a rock except our God? David uses this question to emphasize that there is no God apart from Yahweh. These may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Yahweh alone is God. Our God alone is a rock.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 22 32 d37f figs-metaphor 0 who is a rock David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his strength and ability to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 33 c5tv 0 he leads the blameless person on his path Yahweh keeps the blameless person safe and removes anything that may harm him.
2SA 22 34 b4kp 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 34 wm3b figs-simile 0 He makes my feet swift like a deer and places me on the high hills Here David’s feet are compared to those of a deer using exaggeration. Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA 22 35 n5gz figs-synecdoche 0 my hands … and my arms Both of these refer to David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 22 35 p7ie 0 to bend a bow of bronze Only a very strong man could use a bow made from metal.
2SA 22 36 ks2j 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 36 ly9s figs-metaphor 0 the shield of your salvation David compares Yahweh’s power to save him to a shield that protects a soldier from his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 36 ae4t 0 your favor God answered David’s prayers and granted him blessings and success over his enemies.
2SA 22 37 p573 figs-synecdoche 0 You have made a wide place for my feet beneath me Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his “feet” to emphasize his ability to stand securely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 22 38 y311 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 38 w4kt 0 pursued my enemies Alternate translation: “chased my enemies”
2SA 22 39 ax1n figs-metaphor 0 I devoured them and smashed them Here David compares himself to a wild animal. Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 39 e2qk figs-metonymy 0 under my feet Here “feet” refers to the power and control of victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 22 40 u95h 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 40 k5cg figs-simile 0 You put strength on me like a belt for battle Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA 22 40 ea24 0 you put under me those who rise up against me Alternate translation: “you helped me defeat those who fought against me”
2SA 22 41 p97v 0 the back of my enemies’ necks This could mean: (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him.
2SA 22 41 ip4h 0 I annihilated Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed”
2SA 22 42 a9ti 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 42 h32w 0 They cried Alternate translation: “My enemies cried”
2SA 22 42 c9qg 0 they cried out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them The time for Yahweh’s judgment had come upon them.
2SA 22 43 fum1 figs-simile 0 like dust on the ground … like mud in the streets This means that David completely destroyed his enemies. These two phrases “like dust on the ground” and “like mud on the streets” have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 44 ei29 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 44 th42 0 from the disputes of my own people This refers to those among the Israelites who rebelled against King David.
2SA 22 44 tjl8 0 You have kept me as the head of nations “You placed me as ruler over the nations.” Here “nations” refers to other nations besides Israel.
2SA 22 44 p5i2 0 A people that I have not known Alternate translation: “A foreign people”
@ -1339,12 +1313,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 23 1 khe9 0 psalmist This is a person who writes psalms or songs.
2SA 23 2 ey25 0 by me by David
2SA 23 2 r3yy figs-metonymy 0 and his word was on my tongue Here “on my tongue” is a metonym for David speaking. Alternate translation: “he gave me a message to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 23 3 il6g 0 General Information: This continues David’s last words.
2SA 23 3 c9yd figs-parallelism 0 The God of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel … me Here the “God of Israel” is the same as the “Rock of Israel.” The two phrases say essentially the same thing. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 23 3 w218 figs-parallelism 0 The one who rules righteously over men, who rules in the fear of God These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 23 3 a7ac 0 in the fear of God Alternate translation: “respecting God”
2SA 23 4 er3p figs-simile 0 He will be like the morning light … sunshine after rain Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He will be a delight to all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 23 5 rp1i 0 General Information: This continues David’s last words.
2SA 23 5 hef3 figs-rquestion 0 Indeed, is my family not like this before God? Here David is saying that he agrees with God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 23 5 n1tt figs-rquestion 0 Has he not made … way? David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made … way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 23 5 gq5b 0 ordered and sure This means God’s covenant is properly organized and will not change so David’s family can trust it.
@ -1356,10 +1328,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 23 8 ck79 translate-names 0 Jeshbaal This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth because various ancient copies have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 8 pka9 translate-names 0 Hachmonite This is the name of a people group. Alternate translation: “son of Hachmon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 8 vbh7 translate-numbers 0 eight hundred “800” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 23 9 lp1n translate-names 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 10 lw96 figs-explicit 0 The army returned after Eleazar This means that the army returned after Eleazar returned from battle. Alternate translation: “The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleazer had already won the battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 23 10 jab4 0 only to strip the bodies Alternate translation: “only to take what they wanted from the dead bodies of the enemies”
2SA 23 11 pm7m translate-names 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 11 kv12 0 a field of lentils Alternate translation: “a field where someone had planted lentils”
2SA 23 11 t6zi translate-unknown 0 lentils a flat seed, eaten like beans (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2SA 23 11 dqs9 0 the army fled Alternate translation: “the Israelite army ran away”
@ -1387,8 +1357,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 23 23 l8t2 0 his bodyguard a group of soldiers in charge of guarding David
2SA 23 24 q89a translate-names 0 General Information: This is a list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 24 h79d translate-numbers 0 The thirty “The 30 very famous soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 23 29 f94u translate-names 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 33 en3j translate-names 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 37 ud59 translate-names 0 General Information: This concludes the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 39 t6d8 translate-numbers 0 thirty-seven in all “there were 37 total” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 24 intro abco 0 # 2 Samuel 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Counting soldiers<br>David ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
312 2SA 7 9 pbz4 figs-metaphor 0 I have cut off all your enemies Yahweh destroying David’s enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
313 2SA 7 9 g9f5 figs-metonymy 0 make your name great Here “name” represents a person’s reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
314 2SA 7 9 vtf6 0 the great ones The phrase “great ones” means famous persons.
2SA 7 10 l6jj 0 General Information: Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
315 2SA 7 10 k1yc 0 I will appoint a place Alternate translation: “I will choose a place”
316 2SA 7 10 etx1 figs-metaphor 0 will plant them there Yahweh causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
317 2SA 7 10 kax4 figs-activepassive 0 be troubled no more This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever trouble them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
321 2SA 7 11 cyy5 figs-quotesinquotes 0 Now I will give you rest from all your enemies … declare to you that I will make you a house If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “him” or “his.” Alternate translation: “Now I will give him rest from all his enemies … declare to him that I will make him a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
322 2SA 7 11 a1aw figs-abstractnouns 0 I will give you rest from all your enemies “I will give you safety from all your enemies.” Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I will make all your enemies stop attacking you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
323 2SA 7 11 ax6w figs-metonymy 0 I will make you a house Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There “house” represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 7 12 ap2z 0 General Information: Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
324 2SA 7 12 bvq2 figs-parallelism 0 When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
325 2SA 7 12 zh5i figs-metaphor 0 I will raise up a descendant after you Yahweh appointing David’s descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
326 2SA 7 12 n1u2 figs-idiom 0 one who will come out from your body This is an idiom that means the person will be David’s descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
352 2SA 7 23 u6gx figs-metonymy 0 to make a name for yourself Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “to make all people know who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
353 2SA 7 23 gpj6 figs-metonymy 0 for your land Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “for your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
354 2SA 7 23 y68y figs-metonymy 0 You drove out nations Here “nations” represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 7 24 hmw1 0 General Information: David continues to talk to Yahweh.
355 2SA 7 25 s7y8 0 So now Here “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
356 2SA 7 25 wp22 figs-activepassive 0 may the promise that you made concerning your servant and his family be established forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
357 2SA 7 25 i7rz figs-123person 0 your servant and his family David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “me and my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
441 2SA 10 6 t6tc translate-names 0 Beth Rehob … Zobah … Maacah … Tob These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
442 2SA 10 6 gk6y translate-numbers 0 twenty thousand … a thousand … twelve thousand “20,000…1,000…12,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
443 2SA 10 8 u7sj 0 to their city gate Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
2SA 10 9 p5qe 0 General Information: The battle with the Arameans and Ammon continues.
444 2SA 10 10 ka2a 0 The rest of his people he put into the hand of Abishai his brother Alternate translation: “He put Abishai his brother in charge of the rest of the army”
445 2SA 10 11 i9k3 0 General Information: Joab gets the army ready for battle.
446 2SA 10 11 nlq4 figs-synecdoche 0 for me, then you, Abishai, must rescue me Here “me” refers to Joab. Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: “for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
613 2SA 13 11 c79f figs-euphemism 0 lie with me This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
614 2SA 13 12 rly8 figs-ellipsis 0 do not force me She is referring to having sexual relations with him. Alternate translation: “do not force me to have sexual relations with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
615 2SA 13 12 fd8t 0 appalling very shameful
2SA 13 13 dwl7 0 General Information: Tamar continues to talk to Amnon.
616 2SA 13 13 j8jb figs-rquestion 0 How could I be rid of my shame? Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him. Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from. Alternate translation: “If you do this, I would have to endure shame everywhere I go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
617 2SA 13 14 ras3 figs-euphemism 0 he lay with her This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
618 2SA 13 16 zc24 figs-abstractnouns 0 Because this great evil of making me leave is even worse The abstract noun “this great evil” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1223 2SA 22 1 sh9l 0 out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul.
1224 2SA 22 1 gzu9 figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of This metonym means “out of the power of.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1225 2SA 22 2 t5y8 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is my rock, my fortress This metaphor shows a progression from a part, “rock,” to the whole, “fortress.” A fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 3 e7pg figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1226 2SA 22 3 h8pd figs-metaphor 0 God is my rock … He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold All of these metaphors are symbols of God’s strength and power. They emphasize God’s ability to protect and save his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1227 2SA 22 4 v4up figs-activepassive 0 who is worthy to be praised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who is worthy to receive praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1228 2SA 22 4 p1jc figs-activepassive 0 I will be saved from my enemies This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will save me from my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 22 5 fm3w figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1229 2SA 22 5 xvj7 figs-metaphor 0 For the waves of death surrounded me, the rushing waters of destruction overwhelmed me David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. These sentences have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1230 2SA 22 5 p6bv 0 the rushing waters of destruction This is a picture of fast-flowing flood waters that destroy everything in their path.
1231 2SA 22 6 d6ka figs-personification 0 The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. These phrases have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 7 iv59 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1232 2SA 22 7 m7xw 0 In my distress Alternate translation: “In my great trouble”
1233 2SA 22 7 dv16 0 he heard my voice from his temple David is referring to the heavenly temple where Yahweh dwells. The earthly temple has not yet been built.
1234 2SA 22 7 v2zx figs-metonymy 0 my call for help went into his ears Here the metonym “his ears” refers to Yahweh and his hearing of David’s call for help. Alternate translation: “he heard my prayer for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1235 2SA 22 7 w8ts figs-personification 0 his ears David speaks of Yahweh as if he had ears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA 22 8 by1e figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1236 2SA 22 8 ai6g figs-metaphor 0 Then the earth shook This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of the earth shaking to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1237 2SA 22 8 gxt8 figs-merism 0 earth shook … heavens trembled David speaks of the two extremes to include everything in creation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1238 2SA 22 8 x6xl figs-activepassive 0 and were shaken, because God was angry This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because God’s anger shook them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1239 2SA 22 9 qf19 figs-metaphor 0 were ignited by it This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of fire coming from Yahweh to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1240 2SA 22 9 c8xq figs-personification 0 his nostrils … his mouth David speaks of Yahweh as if he had these humans parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1241 2SA 22 9 cq54 figs-metaphor 0 Coals were ignited by it Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to fire, which causes coals to ignite and burn. Alternate translation: “The flame from his mouth set coals on fire” or “He also sent burning coals from his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 10 e2j2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1242 2SA 22 10 f5ym figs-metaphor 0 He opened the heavens David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1243 2SA 22 10 pg86 figs-personification 0 under his feet David speaks of God as having feet like humans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1244 2SA 22 11 r4l7 figs-activepassive 0 He was seen on the wings of the wind This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He appeared on the wings of the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1245 2SA 22 11 gmc9 figs-metaphor 0 the wings of the wind This expression speaks of the wind as if it were a bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1246 2SA 22 12 mit5 figs-metaphor 0 rain clouds in the skies David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1247 2SA 22 12 ee39 figs-metaphor 0 He made darkness a tent around him Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. Alternate translation: “He hid himself in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 13 x4bf figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1248 2SA 22 13 t957 0 From the lightning before him coals of fire fell This could mean: (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning”
1249 2SA 22 13 g4lk figs-metaphor 0 From the lightning before him David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1250 2SA 22 14 d4ht figs-personification 0 The Most High shouted. David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1251 2SA 22 15 h783 figs-personification 0 He shot arrows David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1252 2SA 22 15 i235 figs-metaphor 0 He shot arrows … lightning bolts David compares the lightning from Yahweh’s storm to arrows that a soldier would use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1253 2SA 22 15 rg2n figs-metaphor 0 lightning bolts and dispersed them David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 16 hl1s figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1254 2SA 22 16 za11 figs-metaphor 0 Then the channels of the sea were seen … breath of his nostrils When Yahweh shouted in his attack against David’s enemies, it is compared to his power to create upheaval in the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. This shows his great power and fierce anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1255 2SA 22 16 dcq2 figs-activepassive 0 the channels of the sea were seen This means that the sea water moved and the ocean floor was visible. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People could see the channels of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1256 2SA 22 16 it2c 0 the channels of the sea the deepest part of the sea, from which the Hebrews believed was where the water in the sea came
1257 2SA 22 16 kcr5 figs-activepassive 0 the foundations of the world were laid bare at the rebuke of Yahweh, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils David compares Yahweh’s anger to turbulent movements of the ground. “This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s rebuke, the breath of his nostrils, laid bare the foundations of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 22 17 a1rh figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1258 2SA 22 17 kw87 figs-metaphor 0 out of the surging water David compares his enemies to a flood that threatens to drown him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1259 2SA 22 18 lg3q 0 He rescued me from my strong enemy David’s enemies were overwhelming. He praises God for delivering him from all his enemies.
2SA 22 19 p8zw figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1260 2SA 22 19 zv1u 0 They came against me on the day of my distress Alternate translation: “My enemies fought against me when I was in great trouble”
1261 2SA 22 19 nty3 0 the day of my distress Alternate translation: “the time of my distress”
1262 2SA 22 19 v9h4 0 but Yahweh was my support Alternate translation: “but Yahweh supported me” or “but Yahweh helped me”
1263 2SA 22 20 yh2u 0 a wide open place This refers to a place where there was no danger and his enemies could not trap him.
1264 2SA 22 21 en85 figs-idiom 0 to the measure of the cleanness of my hands Here “cleanness of my hands” means the same as “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because I obey his commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 22 ui5d 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1265 2SA 22 22 s787 0 I have kept the ways of Yahweh Here “the ways of Yahweh” refers to how Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands.
1266 2SA 22 23 ze3e 0 have been before me This means David constantly reads and thinks about God’s decrees.
2SA 22 24 fv6x 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1267 2SA 22 24 j1e5 figs-idiom 0 I have kept myself from sin This refers to choosing not to sin against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1268 2SA 22 25 qdu9 figs-idiom 0 to the degree of my cleanness in his sight Here “my cleanness” means the same as “my righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because he knows that I have done what he commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 26 s5yt 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1269 2SA 22 27 b64p 0 you are perverse to the twisted Here “perverse” means to be cunning or crafty, and “twisted” means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people.
2SA 22 28 p62n 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1270 2SA 22 28 yma2 figs-personification 0 your eyes are against the proud Here the metonym “your eyes” refers to what Yahweh sees. This means Yahweh watches the proud person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1271 2SA 22 28 b16y 0 you bring them down Alternate translation: “you destroy their pride”
1272 2SA 22 29 h2zr figs-metaphor 0 you are my lamp, Yahweh. Yahweh lights up my darkness This metaphor compares Yahweh to a lamp, which means he gives David light and helps him to see when things seem hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 22 30 i7gq 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1273 2SA 22 30 l2yd 0 I can run over a barricade Here “barricade” may refer to a group of soldiers or to a stone wall. Either way it means God enables David to defeat his enemies.
1274 2SA 22 30 ul6k figs-hyperbole 0 I can leap over a wall David is exaggerating to emphasize Yahweh’s help. Alternate translation: “I can climb over the wall that surrounds their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1275 2SA 22 31 gj1g 0 The word of Yahweh is pure Alternate translation: “Everything Yahweh says is true”
1276 2SA 22 31 udr8 figs-metonymy 0 He is a shield The metaphor “a shield” emphasizes God’s power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 22 32 ydz2 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1277 2SA 22 32 p5ua figs-rquestion 0 For who is God except Yahweh, and who is a rock except our God? David uses this question to emphasize that there is no God apart from Yahweh. These may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Yahweh alone is God. Our God alone is a rock.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1278 2SA 22 32 d37f figs-metaphor 0 who is a rock David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his strength and ability to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1279 2SA 22 33 c5tv 0 he leads the blameless person on his path Yahweh keeps the blameless person safe and removes anything that may harm him.
2SA 22 34 b4kp 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1280 2SA 22 34 wm3b figs-simile 0 He makes my feet swift like a deer and places me on the high hills Here David’s feet are compared to those of a deer using exaggeration. Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1281 2SA 22 35 n5gz figs-synecdoche 0 my hands … and my arms Both of these refer to David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1282 2SA 22 35 p7ie 0 to bend a bow of bronze Only a very strong man could use a bow made from metal.
2SA 22 36 ks2j 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1283 2SA 22 36 ly9s figs-metaphor 0 the shield of your salvation David compares Yahweh’s power to save him to a shield that protects a soldier from his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1284 2SA 22 36 ae4t 0 your favor God answered David’s prayers and granted him blessings and success over his enemies.
1285 2SA 22 37 p573 figs-synecdoche 0 You have made a wide place for my feet beneath me Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his “feet” to emphasize his ability to stand securely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 22 38 y311 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1286 2SA 22 38 w4kt 0 pursued my enemies Alternate translation: “chased my enemies”
1287 2SA 22 39 ax1n figs-metaphor 0 I devoured them and smashed them Here David compares himself to a wild animal. Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1288 2SA 22 39 e2qk figs-metonymy 0 under my feet Here “feet” refers to the power and control of victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 22 40 u95h 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1289 2SA 22 40 k5cg figs-simile 0 You put strength on me like a belt for battle Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1290 2SA 22 40 ea24 0 you put under me those who rise up against me Alternate translation: “you helped me defeat those who fought against me”
1291 2SA 22 41 p97v 0 the back of my enemies’ necks This could mean: (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him.
1292 2SA 22 41 ip4h 0 I annihilated Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed”
2SA 22 42 a9ti 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1293 2SA 22 42 h32w 0 They cried Alternate translation: “My enemies cried”
1294 2SA 22 42 c9qg 0 they cried out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them The time for Yahweh’s judgment had come upon them.
1295 2SA 22 43 fum1 figs-simile 0 like dust on the ground … like mud in the streets This means that David completely destroyed his enemies. These two phrases “like dust on the ground” and “like mud on the streets” have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 44 ei29 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh.
1296 2SA 22 44 th42 0 from the disputes of my own people This refers to those among the Israelites who rebelled against King David.
1297 2SA 22 44 tjl8 0 You have kept me as the head of nations “You placed me as ruler over the nations.” Here “nations” refers to other nations besides Israel.
1298 2SA 22 44 p5i2 0 A people that I have not known Alternate translation: “A foreign people”
1313 2SA 23 1 khe9 0 psalmist This is a person who writes psalms or songs.
1314 2SA 23 2 ey25 0 by me by David
1315 2SA 23 2 r3yy figs-metonymy 0 and his word was on my tongue Here “on my tongue” is a metonym for David speaking. Alternate translation: “he gave me a message to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 23 3 il6g 0 General Information: This continues David’s last words.
1316 2SA 23 3 c9yd figs-parallelism 0 The God of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel … me Here the “God of Israel” is the same as the “Rock of Israel.” The two phrases say essentially the same thing. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1317 2SA 23 3 w218 figs-parallelism 0 The one who rules righteously over men, who rules in the fear of God These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1318 2SA 23 3 a7ac 0 in the fear of God Alternate translation: “respecting God”
1319 2SA 23 4 er3p figs-simile 0 He will be like the morning light … sunshine after rain Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He will be a delight to all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 23 5 rp1i 0 General Information: This continues David’s last words.
1320 2SA 23 5 hef3 figs-rquestion 0 Indeed, is my family not like this before God? Here David is saying that he agrees with God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1321 2SA 23 5 n1tt figs-rquestion 0 Has he not made … way? David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made … way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1322 2SA 23 5 gq5b 0 ordered and sure This means God’s covenant is properly organized and will not change so David’s family can trust it.
1328 2SA 23 8 ck79 translate-names 0 Jeshbaal This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth because various ancient copies have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1329 2SA 23 8 pka9 translate-names 0 Hachmonite This is the name of a people group. Alternate translation: “son of Hachmon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1330 2SA 23 8 vbh7 translate-numbers 0 eight hundred “800” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 23 9 lp1n translate-names 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1331 2SA 23 10 lw96 figs-explicit 0 The army returned after Eleazar This means that the army returned after Eleazar returned from battle. Alternate translation: “The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleazer had already won the battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1332 2SA 23 10 jab4 0 only to strip the bodies Alternate translation: “only to take what they wanted from the dead bodies of the enemies”
2SA 23 11 pm7m translate-names 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1333 2SA 23 11 kv12 0 a field of lentils Alternate translation: “a field where someone had planted lentils”
1334 2SA 23 11 t6zi translate-unknown 0 lentils a flat seed, eaten like beans (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1335 2SA 23 11 dqs9 0 the army fled Alternate translation: “the Israelite army ran away”
1357 2SA 23 23 l8t2 0 his bodyguard a group of soldiers in charge of guarding David
1358 2SA 23 24 q89a translate-names 0 General Information: This is a list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1359 2SA 23 24 h79d translate-numbers 0 The thirty “The 30 very famous soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 23 29 f94u translate-names 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 33 en3j translate-names 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1360 2SA 23 37 ud59 translate-names 0 General Information: This concludes the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1361 2SA 23 39 t6d8 translate-numbers 0 thirty-seven in all “there were 37 total” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1362 2SA 24 intro abco 0 # 2 Samuel 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Counting soldiers<br>David ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

20
en_tn_11-1KI.tsv
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@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 1 11 l2v9 figs-rquestion 0 Have you not heard … it? The purpose of this question is to introduce the information that Nathan wants to tell Bathsheba. Alternate translation: “You do not seem to have heard … it.” or “Have you heard … it?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 1 11 pb3p 0 that Adonijah son of Haggith has become king Alternate translation: “that Haggith’s son Adonijah is trying to become king”
1KI 1 11 ae8u translate-names 0 Haggith Adonijah’s mother and a wife of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 1 13 eri4 0 General Information: The prophet Nathan continues to speak to Bathsheba.
1KI 1 13 v5dq figs-rquestion 0 did you not swear to your servant … throne? The purpose of this question was to remind David of what he had promised Bathsheba. Alternate translation: “you swore to your servant … throne.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 1 13 pg8n figs-pronouns 0 to your servant Bathsheba speaks to David as if she were someone else to show that she respects David. Alternate translation: “to me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1KI 1 13 rwb6 figs-metonymy 0 he will sit on my throne Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. Alternate translation: “he will be king just as I was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -42,10 +41,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 1 17 n2c3 0 your servant Bathsheba speaks as if she were another person to show David that she respects him. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “me, your servant”
1KI 1 17 ywl1 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
1KI 1 17 bt9t figs-metonymy 0 he shall sit on my throne Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “he will be king just as I was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 1 18 d9s2 0 General Information: Bathsheba continues speaking to King David.
1KI 1 18 c6z7 0 see Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1KI 1 19 hk1d 0 oxen, fatted calves, and sheep in abundance Alternate translation: “many oxen, fatted calves, and sheep”
1KI 1 20 f7mp 0 General Information: Bathsheba continues to speak to King David.
1KI 1 20 zlc4 figs-synecdoche 0 the eyes of all Israel are on you, waiting Here “eyes” refers to the people. Here “the eyes … are on you” is an idiom that means the people are waiting expectantly. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel are waiting expectantly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 1 20 ux2p 0 will sit on the throne Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “will be king”
1KI 1 21 pu6x figs-pronouns 0 when my master the king sleeps with his fathers Bathsheba speaks to King David as if she were speaking about him to show that she respects him. Alternate translation: “when you sleep with your fathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
@ -53,11 +50,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 1 21 z8su figs-activepassive 0 I and my son Solomon will be regarded as criminals This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the new king will regard my son Solomon and me as criminals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 1 22 b6a8 0 General Information: Nathan the prophet speaks to King David.
1KI 1 23 tsg5 0 prostrated himself Alternate translation: “bowed very low”
1KI 1 24 i3sp 0 General Information: Nathan the prophet continues to speak to King David.
1KI 1 24 mhc4 figs-quotations 0 have you said, ‘Adonijah will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne?’ This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “have you said that Adonijah will reign after you, and he will sit on your throne?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1KI 1 24 vmf5 0 he will sit on my throne Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “he will be king just as I was”
1KI 1 25 xm46 figs-idiom 0 eating and drinking before him Adonijah probably sat at a table where he could watch all those he had invited as they ate and drank. The main idea is that the people Nathan named were with Adonijah and they were celebrating together. Alternate translation: “eating and drinking with him” or “eating and drinking where he can see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 1 26 wv4h 0 General Information: Nathan the prophet continues to speak to King David.
1KI 1 27 b3wq figs-123person 0 Has my master the king done this without telling us, your servants, who should sit on the throne after him? Nathan refers to David in the third person. This is a way of showing respect to the king. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “Have you, my master the king, done this without telling us, your servants, who should sit on the throne after you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1KI 1 27 s1tl figs-metonymy 0 who should sit on the throne Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “who would be king after him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 1 28 f7fz 0 General Information: King David makes a promise to Bathsheba.
@ -68,7 +63,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 1 32 y9bc 0 General Information: King David anoints Solomon king.
1KI 1 33 e68v figs-pronouns 0 the servants of your master David speaks of himself as if he were speaking of someone else so Zadok, Nathan, and Benaiah would remember that David is still king. Alternate translation: “my servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1KI 1 33 de2v translate-names 0 Gihon This is the name of a water spring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 1 35 iiu6 0 General Information: King David continues to speak on behalf of Solomon as the one who will become king.
1KI 1 35 qn6j 0 he will come and sit on my throne The words “sit on the throne” are used as a metonym for being king in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md), [1 Kings 1:17](./17.md), and [1 Kings 1:30](./30.md). Here David speaks of Solomon literally sitting on a physical throne.
1KI 1 36 q1hs 0 So let it be! They agree and will do what King David said.
1KI 1 36 u4b9 figs-pronouns 0 May Yahweh, the God of my master the king, confirm Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. Alternate translation: “My master and king, may Yahweh your God confirm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
@ -84,7 +78,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 1 41 qc57 0 General Information: Adonijah hears the loud noise and waits for the news.
1KI 1 43 m386 0 General Information: Adonijah learns that Solomon is the new king.
1KI 1 44 bah7 translate-names 0 Kerethites … Pelethites These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 1 46 lbn6 0 General Information: Jonathan continues to speak to Adonijah about Solomon.
1KI 1 46 nz69 figs-metonymy 0 is sitting on the throne of the kingdom This could mean: (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “is now king” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 1 48 v2c2 figs-metonymy 0 a person to sit on my throne this day This could mean: (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “a person to be king today as I was” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 1 49 k3ln 0 General Information: Adonijah becomes terrified of King Solomon.
@ -106,15 +99,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 2 4 zt1t 0 to walk before me faithfully Yahweh is talking to David, so the word “me” refers to Yahweh.
1KI 2 4 m9j1 figs-idiom 0 with all their heart and with all their soul The idiom “with all … heart” means “completely” and “with all … soul” means “with all … being.” These two phrases have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “with all their being” or “with all their energy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1KI 2 4 j114 figs-metonymy 0 you will never cease to have a man on the throne of Israel The word “throne” is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. The litotes “will never cease to have” can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “your descendants will never cease to be kings of Israel” or “one of your descendants will always be the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1KI 2 5 ypg2 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel.
1KI 2 5 vc4k 0 what Joab … did to me, and what he did David is referring to the same thing twice. Alternate translation: “what Joab … did to me—that is, what he did”
1KI 2 5 dfd6 figs-metonymy 0 shed the blood of war in peace This could mean: (1) “killed those men during a time of peace as if he were killing them in war” or (2) “took revenge on those men during a time of peace because they had killed people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 5 x43i figs-metonymy 0 put the blood of war on the belt around his waist and on the shoes on his feet This could mean: (1) Joab was close enough to these men when he killed them that their blood spattered on his belt and on his sandals or (2) the word “blood” is a metonym for guilt of murder, and the belt and the shoes are metonyms for Joab’s authority as commander, so David is saying that because Joab is guilty of murder, he should not be commander of the army. Either way, it is best to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 6 hm11 figs-metonymy 0 do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace Here being old is represented by having gray hair, that is, a “gray head.” Alternate translation: “make sure Joab dies a violent death before he grows old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 7 d2gq 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel.
1KI 2 7 p85c translate-names 0 Barzillai a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 2 7 tcu5 figs-metonymy 0 let them be among those who eat at your table The table is a metonym for the home where the table is. Alternate translation: “welcome them to eat at your home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 8 xba3 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel.
1KI 2 8 l8ys translate-names 0 Shimei … Gera men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 2 8 ec5k 0 Benjamite descendant of Benjamin
1KI 2 8 r5e7 translate-names 0 Bahurim … Mahanaim place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -315,7 +305,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 5 3 c84s figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh The word “name” is a metonym for the person, and “for the name” refers to worshiping the person.See how you translated this in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “in which people would worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 5 3 vz73 0 because of the wars that surrounded him Another possible meaning is “because of the wars with which his enemies surrounded him” or “because he was fighting enemies on all sides”
1KI 5 3 dkf4 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh was putting his enemies under the soles of his feet This speaks of Yahweh giving David complete control over his enemies as putting them under his feet. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was enabling David to completely defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 5 4 kg1j 0 General Information: Solomon continues to talk with King Hiram about building the Temple.
1KI 5 4 h6ir 0 has given me rest on every side Before Solomon became king, King David and the people of Israel had been at war, but now King Solomon and the people were at rest and in a time of peace.
1KI 5 4 zr1n figs-merism 0 There is neither adversary nor disaster neither humans who cause harm nor natural events that cause harm. This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “We are safe from our enemies and from natural disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1KI 5 4 lex1 0 adversary enemy
@ -323,14 +312,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 5 5 gll4 0 So This is to emphasize the words that follow. “Listen! This is what I am going to do:” or “Because of what Yahweh has done for me, this is what I am going to do:”
1KI 5 5 ep1h figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh my God … for my name The word “name” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “where Yahweh my God will live … where I will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 5 5 pwq3 figs-metonymy 0 set on your throne in your place Here “throne” refers to ruling as king. Alternate translation: “make to be the king after you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 5 6 gxt5 0 General Information: Solomon continues to talk with King Hiram about building the temple.
1KI 5 6 ae9w 0 there is no one among us who knows how to cut timber like the Sidonians Alternate translation: “your workers know how to cut timber better than my men”
1KI 5 6 y7ev 0 Sidonians people of the city of Sidon
1KI 5 7 z6fk 0 General Information: King Hiram answers Solomon.
1KI 5 7 h269 0 the words of Solomon Alternate translation: “what Solomon said”
1KI 5 7 rz48 figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh be blessed today This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I praise Yahweh today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 5 8 n2rj 0 cypress Cypress is another kind of valuable wood that would be used for building the temple.
1KI 5 9 kd8h 0 General Information: King Hiram continues to answer Solomon.
1KI 5 9 i9nw 0 make them into rafts Alternate translation: “tie them together so they will float in groups”
1KI 5 9 th95 figs-activepassive 0 them broken up there This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “my workers untie the logs from each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 5 9 bfw2 0 You will do what I desire Alternate translation: “You can do what I want” or “You can pay me”
@ -342,17 +329,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 5 14 hun8 0 in shifts That is, there were three groups that took turns spending one month in Lebanon and two months at home.
1KI 5 14 j6rk 0 One month they were in Lebanon and two months at home Each of the three groups spent one month working in Lebanon and then two months at home in Israel.
1KI 5 14 xnv5 figs-activepassive 0 the men who were subjected to forced labor This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the men whom Solomon was forcing to work for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 5 15 cte1 0 General Information: Solomon continues to force men to build the Temple.
1KI 5 15 h7kd translate-numbers 0 seventy thousand “70,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 5 15 yex2 0 burdens heavy things that people have to work hard to carry
1KI 5 15 x12v translate-numbers 0 eighty thousand “80,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 5 15 gp9u 0 stonecutters men who dig stones out of the ground and cut them to the proper shape
1KI 5 16 f3hp translate-numbers 0 3,300 chief officers “three thousand three hundred chief officers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 5 17 u9ki 0 General Information: Solomon continues to force men to build the temple.
1KI 5 17 hk8u 0 quarried large stones of high quality Alternate translation: “dug large, good stones out of the mountain and cut them to be the right shape”
1KI 5 18 l6m8 translate-unknown 0 Gebalites men from the city of Gebal (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1KI 6 intro dn22 0 # 1 Kings 6 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Building the temple<br>Solomon built the temple in seven years. The outside walls were made of rock. Solomon shaped the rocks for the wall in the quarry and then assembled them at the temple site. The inside was covered with wood. Inside the temple was a room covered by gold, which was the Most Holy Place where the ark was housed under statues of angels. It represented the presence of God.
1KI 6 1 rj8r 0 General Information: The narrator describes the temple and its dimensions. This description continues through 1 Kings 6:38.
1KI 6 1 si1j figs-metonymy 0 Solomon began to build Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. Alternate translation: “Solomon commanded his workers to begin building” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 6 1 z8zf translate-ordinal 0 480th … fourth These are the ordinal forms of 480 and 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1KI 6 1 u34s translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the month of Ziv, which is the second month “Ziv” is the name of the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -468,7 +452,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 7 7 ksi3 0 the hall of the throne This could mean: (1) “the house in which he was going to place his throne” or (2) “a house named The King’s Chair House”
1KI 7 7 va4a figs-activepassive 0 It was covered with cedar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The workers covered the floor with cedar wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 7 7 h3cp 0 from floor to floor This refers to the entire floor. Alternate translation: “from one wall to the other”
1KI 7 8 vv7n 0 General Information: The author continues to write about the palace area.
1KI 7 8 u1kw figs-activepassive 0 Solomon’s house in which he was to live, in another courtyard within the palace grounds, was similarly designed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Solomon had someone design the house in which he was to live, in another courtyard within the palace grounds, in the same way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 7 8 vhb7 figs-metonymy 0 He also built Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. Alternate translation: “He also commanded them to build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 7 9 m77z 0 General Information: The writer is writing about the stones used for the buildings.
@ -762,7 +745,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 11 16 gn6i figs-synecdoche 0 Joab and all Israel The words “all Israel” refer to the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “Joab and all of the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1KI 11 17 k3g7 0 Connecting Statement: This concludes background material that happened long before.
1KI 11 17 dd34 figs-activepassive 0 But Hadad was taken with other Edomites by his father’s servants This can be stated in active form. “But the servants of Hadad’s father took him with other Edomites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 11 18 cl9u 0 General Information: This section continues the background information that began in [1 Kings 11:15](../11/15.md).
1KI 11 18 vp1v 0 They left Midian Here the word “They” refers to Hadad and the other Edomites mentioned in [1 Kings 11:17](../11/17.md).
1KI 11 18 g3dy translate-names 0 Midian … Paran … Egypt These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 11 19 vy6v translate-names 0 Tahpenes This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -794,12 +776,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 11 33 f1ie translate-names 0 Ashtoreth … Chemosh … Molech These are the names of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 11 33 wij3 translate-names 0 Sidonians … Moab … Ammon These are the names of locations and the people groups that live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 11 33 ebs4 figs-metonymy 0 what is right in my eyes “Eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. This is a commonly used idiom. Alternate translation: “what I consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 11 34 v3gz 0 General Information: Ahijah continues to tell Jeroboam what Yahweh has said.
1KI 11 34 i3w3 0 I will not take Here the word “I” refers to Yahweh.
1KI 11 34 e7rw figs-metonymy 0 out of Solomon’s hand Here the word “hand” is a metonym that refers to a person’s authority, control and power. Alternate translation: “out of Solomon’s control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 11 35 u6ey 0 I will give it to you Here the word “you” refers to Jeroboam.
1KI 11 36 nvf4 figs-metonymy 0 may always have a lamp before me The word “lamp” is a metonym that refers to a person’s influence and guidance. Alternate translation: “will always have a descendant to rule as an influence and a guide for obeying my covenant with David’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 11 37 p3nd 0 General Information: Ahijah continues to tell Jeroboam what Yahweh has said.
1KI 11 37 zb1t 0 I will take you Here the word “I” refers to Yahweh and the word “you” refers to Jeroboam.
1KI 11 38 z9vj figs-metonymy 0 what is right in my eyes The word “eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. This is a commonly used idiom. See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 11:33](../11/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 11 38 zk8x figs-metaphor 0 build you a sure house The clause “build a house” is a metaphor for establishing descendants from that time on. Alternate translation: “establish for you a lasting kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
28 1KI 1 11 l2v9 figs-rquestion 0 Have you not heard … it? The purpose of this question is to introduce the information that Nathan wants to tell Bathsheba. Alternate translation: “You do not seem to have heard … it.” or “Have you heard … it?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
29 1KI 1 11 pb3p 0 that Adonijah son of Haggith has become king Alternate translation: “that Haggith’s son Adonijah is trying to become king”
30 1KI 1 11 ae8u translate-names 0 Haggith Adonijah’s mother and a wife of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 1 13 eri4 0 General Information: The prophet Nathan continues to speak to Bathsheba.
31 1KI 1 13 v5dq figs-rquestion 0 did you not swear to your servant … throne? The purpose of this question was to remind David of what he had promised Bathsheba. Alternate translation: “you swore to your servant … throne.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
32 1KI 1 13 pg8n figs-pronouns 0 to your servant Bathsheba speaks to David as if she were someone else to show that she respects David. Alternate translation: “to me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
33 1KI 1 13 rwb6 figs-metonymy 0 he will sit on my throne Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. Alternate translation: “he will be king just as I was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
41 1KI 1 17 n2c3 0 your servant Bathsheba speaks as if she were another person to show David that she respects him. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “me, your servant”
42 1KI 1 17 ywl1 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
43 1KI 1 17 bt9t figs-metonymy 0 he shall sit on my throne Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “he will be king just as I was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 1 18 d9s2 0 General Information: Bathsheba continues speaking to King David.
44 1KI 1 18 c6z7 0 see Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
45 1KI 1 19 hk1d 0 oxen, fatted calves, and sheep in abundance Alternate translation: “many oxen, fatted calves, and sheep”
1KI 1 20 f7mp 0 General Information: Bathsheba continues to speak to King David.
46 1KI 1 20 zlc4 figs-synecdoche 0 the eyes of all Israel are on you, waiting Here “eyes” refers to the people. Here “the eyes … are on you” is an idiom that means the people are waiting expectantly. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel are waiting expectantly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
47 1KI 1 20 ux2p 0 will sit on the throne Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “will be king”
48 1KI 1 21 pu6x figs-pronouns 0 when my master the king sleeps with his fathers Bathsheba speaks to King David as if she were speaking about him to show that she respects him. Alternate translation: “when you sleep with your fathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
50 1KI 1 21 z8su figs-activepassive 0 I and my son Solomon will be regarded as criminals This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the new king will regard my son Solomon and me as criminals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
51 1KI 1 22 b6a8 0 General Information: Nathan the prophet speaks to King David.
52 1KI 1 23 tsg5 0 prostrated himself Alternate translation: “bowed very low”
1KI 1 24 i3sp 0 General Information: Nathan the prophet continues to speak to King David.
53 1KI 1 24 mhc4 figs-quotations 0 have you said, ‘Adonijah will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne?’ This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “have you said that Adonijah will reign after you, and he will sit on your throne?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
54 1KI 1 24 vmf5 0 he will sit on my throne Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “he will be king just as I was”
55 1KI 1 25 xm46 figs-idiom 0 eating and drinking before him Adonijah probably sat at a table where he could watch all those he had invited as they ate and drank. The main idea is that the people Nathan named were with Adonijah and they were celebrating together. Alternate translation: “eating and drinking with him” or “eating and drinking where he can see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 1 26 wv4h 0 General Information: Nathan the prophet continues to speak to King David.
56 1KI 1 27 b3wq figs-123person 0 Has my master the king done this without telling us, your servants, who should sit on the throne after him? Nathan refers to David in the third person. This is a way of showing respect to the king. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “Have you, my master the king, done this without telling us, your servants, who should sit on the throne after you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
57 1KI 1 27 s1tl figs-metonymy 0 who should sit on the throne Sitting on the throne is a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “who would be king after him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
58 1KI 1 28 f7fz 0 General Information: King David makes a promise to Bathsheba.
63 1KI 1 32 y9bc 0 General Information: King David anoints Solomon king.
64 1KI 1 33 e68v figs-pronouns 0 the servants of your master David speaks of himself as if he were speaking of someone else so Zadok, Nathan, and Benaiah would remember that David is still king. Alternate translation: “my servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
65 1KI 1 33 de2v translate-names 0 Gihon This is the name of a water spring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 1 35 iiu6 0 General Information: King David continues to speak on behalf of Solomon as the one who will become king.
66 1KI 1 35 qn6j 0 he will come and sit on my throne The words “sit on the throne” are used as a metonym for being king in [1 Kings 1:13](../01/13.md), [1 Kings 1:17](./17.md), and [1 Kings 1:30](./30.md). Here David speaks of Solomon literally sitting on a physical throne.
67 1KI 1 36 q1hs 0 So let it be! They agree and will do what King David said.
68 1KI 1 36 u4b9 figs-pronouns 0 May Yahweh, the God of my master the king, confirm Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. Alternate translation: “My master and king, may Yahweh your God confirm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
78 1KI 1 41 qc57 0 General Information: Adonijah hears the loud noise and waits for the news.
79 1KI 1 43 m386 0 General Information: Adonijah learns that Solomon is the new king.
80 1KI 1 44 bah7 translate-names 0 Kerethites … Pelethites These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1KI 1 46 lbn6 0 General Information: Jonathan continues to speak to Adonijah about Solomon.
81 1KI 1 46 nz69 figs-metonymy 0 is sitting on the throne of the kingdom This could mean: (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “is now king” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
82 1KI 1 48 v2c2 figs-metonymy 0 a person to sit on my throne this day This could mean: (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “a person to be king today as I was” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
83 1KI 1 49 k3ln 0 General Information: Adonijah becomes terrified of King Solomon.
99 1KI 2 4 zt1t 0 to walk before me faithfully Yahweh is talking to David, so the word “me” refers to Yahweh.
100 1KI 2 4 m9j1 figs-idiom 0 with all their heart and with all their soul The idiom “with all … heart” means “completely” and “with all … soul” means “with all … being.” These two phrases have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “with all their being” or “with all their energy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
101 1KI 2 4 j114 figs-metonymy 0 you will never cease to have a man on the throne of Israel The word “throne” is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. The litotes “will never cease to have” can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “your descendants will never cease to be kings of Israel” or “one of your descendants will always be the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1KI 2 5 ypg2 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel.
102 1KI 2 5 vc4k 0 what Joab … did to me, and what he did David is referring to the same thing twice. Alternate translation: “what Joab … did to me—that is, what he did”
103 1KI 2 5 dfd6 figs-metonymy 0 shed the blood of war in peace This could mean: (1) “killed those men during a time of peace as if he were killing them in war” or (2) “took revenge on those men during a time of peace because they had killed people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
104 1KI 2 5 x43i figs-metonymy 0 put the blood of war on the belt around his waist and on the shoes on his feet This could mean: (1) Joab was close enough to these men when he killed them that their blood spattered on his belt and on his sandals or (2) the word “blood” is a metonym for guilt of murder, and the belt and the shoes are metonyms for Joab’s authority as commander, so David is saying that because Joab is guilty of murder, he should not be commander of the army. Either way, it is best to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
105 1KI 2 6 hm11 figs-metonymy 0 do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace Here being old is represented by having gray hair, that is, a “gray head.” Alternate translation: “make sure Joab dies a violent death before he grows old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 7 d2gq 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel.
106 1KI 2 7 p85c translate-names 0 Barzillai a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
107 1KI 2 7 tcu5 figs-metonymy 0 let them be among those who eat at your table The table is a metonym for the home where the table is. Alternate translation: “welcome them to eat at your home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 2 8 xba3 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel.
108 1KI 2 8 l8ys translate-names 0 Shimei … Gera men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
109 1KI 2 8 ec5k 0 Benjamite descendant of Benjamin
110 1KI 2 8 r5e7 translate-names 0 Bahurim … Mahanaim place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
305 1KI 5 3 c84s figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh The word “name” is a metonym for the person, and “for the name” refers to worshiping the person.See how you translated this in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “in which people would worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
306 1KI 5 3 vz73 0 because of the wars that surrounded him Another possible meaning is “because of the wars with which his enemies surrounded him” or “because he was fighting enemies on all sides”
307 1KI 5 3 dkf4 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh was putting his enemies under the soles of his feet This speaks of Yahweh giving David complete control over his enemies as putting them under his feet. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was enabling David to completely defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 5 4 kg1j 0 General Information: Solomon continues to talk with King Hiram about building the Temple.
308 1KI 5 4 h6ir 0 has given me rest on every side Before Solomon became king, King David and the people of Israel had been at war, but now King Solomon and the people were at rest and in a time of peace.
309 1KI 5 4 zr1n figs-merism 0 There is neither adversary nor disaster neither humans who cause harm nor natural events that cause harm. This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “We are safe from our enemies and from natural disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
310 1KI 5 4 lex1 0 adversary enemy
312 1KI 5 5 gll4 0 So This is to emphasize the words that follow. “Listen! This is what I am going to do:” or “Because of what Yahweh has done for me, this is what I am going to do:”
313 1KI 5 5 ep1h figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh my God … for my name The word “name” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “where Yahweh my God will live … where I will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
314 1KI 5 5 pwq3 figs-metonymy 0 set on your throne in your place Here “throne” refers to ruling as king. Alternate translation: “make to be the king after you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 5 6 gxt5 0 General Information: Solomon continues to talk with King Hiram about building the temple.
315 1KI 5 6 ae9w 0 there is no one among us who knows how to cut timber like the Sidonians Alternate translation: “your workers know how to cut timber better than my men”
316 1KI 5 6 y7ev 0 Sidonians people of the city of Sidon
317 1KI 5 7 z6fk 0 General Information: King Hiram answers Solomon.
318 1KI 5 7 h269 0 the words of Solomon Alternate translation: “what Solomon said”
319 1KI 5 7 rz48 figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh be blessed today This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I praise Yahweh today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
320 1KI 5 8 n2rj 0 cypress Cypress is another kind of valuable wood that would be used for building the temple.
1KI 5 9 kd8h 0 General Information: King Hiram continues to answer Solomon.
321 1KI 5 9 i9nw 0 make them into rafts Alternate translation: “tie them together so they will float in groups”
322 1KI 5 9 th95 figs-activepassive 0 them broken up there This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “my workers untie the logs from each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
323 1KI 5 9 bfw2 0 You will do what I desire Alternate translation: “You can do what I want” or “You can pay me”
329 1KI 5 14 hun8 0 in shifts That is, there were three groups that took turns spending one month in Lebanon and two months at home.
330 1KI 5 14 j6rk 0 One month they were in Lebanon and two months at home Each of the three groups spent one month working in Lebanon and then two months at home in Israel.
331 1KI 5 14 xnv5 figs-activepassive 0 the men who were subjected to forced labor This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the men whom Solomon was forcing to work for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 5 15 cte1 0 General Information: Solomon continues to force men to build the Temple.
332 1KI 5 15 h7kd translate-numbers 0 seventy thousand “70,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
333 1KI 5 15 yex2 0 burdens heavy things that people have to work hard to carry
334 1KI 5 15 x12v translate-numbers 0 eighty thousand “80,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
335 1KI 5 15 gp9u 0 stonecutters men who dig stones out of the ground and cut them to the proper shape
336 1KI 5 16 f3hp translate-numbers 0 3,300 chief officers “three thousand three hundred chief officers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 5 17 u9ki 0 General Information: Solomon continues to force men to build the temple.
337 1KI 5 17 hk8u 0 quarried large stones of high quality Alternate translation: “dug large, good stones out of the mountain and cut them to be the right shape”
338 1KI 5 18 l6m8 translate-unknown 0 Gebalites men from the city of Gebal (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
339 1KI 6 intro dn22 0 # 1 Kings 6 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Building the temple<br>Solomon built the temple in seven years. The outside walls were made of rock. Solomon shaped the rocks for the wall in the quarry and then assembled them at the temple site. The inside was covered with wood. Inside the temple was a room covered by gold, which was the Most Holy Place where the ark was housed under statues of angels. It represented the presence of God.
1KI 6 1 rj8r 0 General Information: The narrator describes the temple and its dimensions. This description continues through 1 Kings 6:38.
340 1KI 6 1 si1j figs-metonymy 0 Solomon began to build Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. Alternate translation: “Solomon commanded his workers to begin building” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
341 1KI 6 1 z8zf translate-ordinal 0 480th … fourth These are the ordinal forms of 480 and 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
342 1KI 6 1 u34s translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the month of Ziv, which is the second month “Ziv” is the name of the second month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
452 1KI 7 7 ksi3 0 the hall of the throne This could mean: (1) “the house in which he was going to place his throne” or (2) “a house named The King’s Chair House”
453 1KI 7 7 va4a figs-activepassive 0 It was covered with cedar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The workers covered the floor with cedar wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
454 1KI 7 7 h3cp 0 from floor to floor This refers to the entire floor. Alternate translation: “from one wall to the other”
1KI 7 8 vv7n 0 General Information: The author continues to write about the palace area.
455 1KI 7 8 u1kw figs-activepassive 0 Solomon’s house in which he was to live, in another courtyard within the palace grounds, was similarly designed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Solomon had someone design the house in which he was to live, in another courtyard within the palace grounds, in the same way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
456 1KI 7 8 vhb7 figs-metonymy 0 He also built Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. Alternate translation: “He also commanded them to build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
457 1KI 7 9 m77z 0 General Information: The writer is writing about the stones used for the buildings.
745 1KI 11 16 gn6i figs-synecdoche 0 Joab and all Israel The words “all Israel” refer to the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “Joab and all of the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
746 1KI 11 17 k3g7 0 Connecting Statement: This concludes background material that happened long before.
747 1KI 11 17 dd34 figs-activepassive 0 But Hadad was taken with other Edomites by his father’s servants This can be stated in active form. “But the servants of Hadad’s father took him with other Edomites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 11 18 cl9u 0 General Information: This section continues the background information that began in [1 Kings 11:15](../11/15.md).
748 1KI 11 18 vp1v 0 They left Midian Here the word “They” refers to Hadad and the other Edomites mentioned in [1 Kings 11:17](../11/17.md).
749 1KI 11 18 g3dy translate-names 0 Midian … Paran … Egypt These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
750 1KI 11 19 vy6v translate-names 0 Tahpenes This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
776 1KI 11 33 f1ie translate-names 0 Ashtoreth … Chemosh … Molech These are the names of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
777 1KI 11 33 wij3 translate-names 0 Sidonians … Moab … Ammon These are the names of locations and the people groups that live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
778 1KI 11 33 ebs4 figs-metonymy 0 what is right in my eyes “Eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. This is a commonly used idiom. Alternate translation: “what I consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 11 34 v3gz 0 General Information: Ahijah continues to tell Jeroboam what Yahweh has said.
779 1KI 11 34 i3w3 0 I will not take Here the word “I” refers to Yahweh.
780 1KI 11 34 e7rw figs-metonymy 0 out of Solomon’s hand Here the word “hand” is a metonym that refers to a person’s authority, control and power. Alternate translation: “out of Solomon’s control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
781 1KI 11 35 u6ey 0 I will give it to you Here the word “you” refers to Jeroboam.
782 1KI 11 36 nvf4 figs-metonymy 0 may always have a lamp before me The word “lamp” is a metonym that refers to a person’s influence and guidance. Alternate translation: “will always have a descendant to rule as an influence and a guide for obeying my covenant with David’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 11 37 p3nd 0 General Information: Ahijah continues to tell Jeroboam what Yahweh has said.
783 1KI 11 37 zb1t 0 I will take you Here the word “I” refers to Yahweh and the word “you” refers to Jeroboam.
784 1KI 11 38 z9vj figs-metonymy 0 what is right in my eyes The word “eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. This is a commonly used idiom. See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 11:33](../11/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
785 1KI 11 38 zk8x figs-metaphor 0 build you a sure house The clause “build a house” is a metaphor for establishing descendants from that time on. Alternate translation: “establish for you a lasting kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 3 4 r82y figs-explicit 0 He had to give to the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams Mesha had to give these things to the king of Israel because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Every year he was forced to give 100,000 lambs and the wool from 100,000 rams to the king of Israel, because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 3 4 n1ad translate-numbers 0 100,000 lambs…100,000 rams “one hundred thousand lambs … one hundred thousand rams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 3 6 kkb2 figs-synecdoche 0 to mobilize all Israel for war “to prepare the people of Israel for war.” Here “all Israel” refers to all of the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “to mobilize all of the Israelite soldiers for war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 3 7 q4bl 0 General Information: King Joram continues speaking to King Jehoshaphat.
2KI 3 7 uqt2 figs-synecdoche 0 Will you go with me against Moab to battle? The word “you” refers to Jehoshaphat, but refers to both him and his army. Here “Moab” stands for “the army of Moab.” Alternate translation: “Will you and your army go with me to fight against the army of Moab?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 3 7 zuz1 figs-synecdoche 0 I will go Jehoshaphat is saying that he and his entire army will fight with King Joram against Moab. Alternate translation: “We will go with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 3 7 qh7x figs-explicit 0 I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses Jehoshaphat is letting Joram use himself, his people, and his horses for his purposes. He speaks of this as if they belonged to Joram. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are ready to do whatever you want us to. My soldiers and my horses are ready to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -158,7 +157,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 4 8 zxt5 0 passed by Alternate translation: “traveled through Shunem”
2KI 4 9 t6m9 0 See, now I realize Alternate translation: “Now I understand”
2KI 4 9 s4jr 0 who is always passing by Alternate translation: “who travels by regularly”
2KI 4 10 dnv6 0 General Information: The important woman continues talking to her husband about Elisha.
2KI 4 10 wt8r 0 Let us Here “us” refers to the important woman and her husband.
2KI 4 12 jqx1 translate-names 0 Gehazi This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 4 12 dj7q 0 Call this Shunammite “Call the Shunammite woman.” This refers to the woman from Shunem that Elisha was staying with.
@ -504,14 +502,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 9 5 s5qa 0 behold The writer uses the word “behold” to direct attention to what follows. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you can use it here.
2KI 9 5 nk22 figs-explicit 0 the captains of the army were sitting Jehu was sitting among the captains. You may introduce Jehu to the story line here if this is necessary in your language. Alternate translation: “Jehu and some other army officers were sitting together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 9 5 y24h 0 To which of us The word “us” refers to Jehu and the other army captains.
2KI 9 7 n5fj 0 General Information: The young prophet continues to speak to Jehu, whom he had just anointed as king over Israel.
2KI 9 7 e949 figs-metonymy 0 I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of Yahweh Here the “blood” of the prophets and the servants refers to their deaths. Alternate translation: “I may avenge the deaths of my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh” or “so that I may punish them for murdering my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 9 7 v3iw figs-ellipsis 0 the blood The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “avenge the blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2KI 9 7 t494 figs-activepassive 0 who were murdered by the hand of Jezebel This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Jezebel commanded her servants to murder” or “whose deaths were commanded by Jezebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 9 7 f5vj figs-metonymy 0 by the hand of Jezebel This means that Jezebel commanded the people to be killed. Alternate translation: “by an order from Jezebel” or “by Jezebel’s command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 9 8 xlv4 figs-euphemism 0 For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cut off from Ahab every male child Here to be “cut off” means to be killed. Alternate translation: “For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cause every male child in his family to be killed” or “Every member of Ahab’s family will die, including every male child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2KI 9 8 nm7u figs-synecdoche 0 every male child This phrase is used to refer to every male, but it specifies “child” to emphasize that it includes children. Alternate translation: “every male” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 9 9 wgr2 0 General Information: The young prophet continues to speak the words of Yahweh to Jehu, whom he had just anointed as king over Israel.
2KI 9 9 ev98 figs-explicit 0 I will make the house of Ahab like This means that God will destroy Ahab and his family just as he destroyed Jeroboam and Baasha and their families. Alternate translation: “I will get rid of the house of Ahab like I got rid of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 9 9 t27a figs-metonymy 0 the house of This phrase is used in this verse three times. Each time, the word “house” refers to the “family” of the man specified. Alternate translation: “the family of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 9 9 xb8q translate-transliterate 0 Nebat … Ahijah These are the names of men. Translate the name “Nebat” the same as you did in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
@ -688,7 +684,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 11 4 pvj6 0 Carites This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards.
2KI 11 4 dar3 0 brought them to himself “had them come to meet with him.” Jehoiada, the high priest, had these military men report to him at the temple.
2KI 11 4 ycq8 0 Then he showed them the king’s son Jehoiada revealed to them that Joash, King Azahiah’s son, was still alive.
2KI 11 7 ap6i 0 General Information: Jehoiada continues giving directions to the soldiers who will protect King Joash.
2KI 11 7 z17v figs-explicit 0 for the king They were to keep watch for the purpose of protecting the king from harm. Alternate translation: “in order to protect King Joash” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 11 8 jp1k 0 Whoever enters within your ranks “Anyone who tries to go past you while you are protecting King Joash.” A rank refers to a line of soldiers.
2KI 11 8 d88v figs-activepassive 0 let him be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -803,7 +798,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 13 14 h3da 0 My father, my father Elisha was not the king’s literal father. King Joash used this term as a sign of respect.
2KI 13 14 r8bv figs-explicit 0 the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you away This is a reference to Elijah going to heaven in [2 Kings 2:11](../02/11.md) and [2 Kings 2:12](../02/12.md). Joash uses this phrase to say that Elisha was going to die. Alternate translation: “the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you to heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 13 14 tj6k figs-explicit 0 the horsemen This refers to the men who drove the chariots. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the drivers of the chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 13 17 we66 0 General Information: Elisha continues to talk to Joash, king of Israel.
2KI 13 17 b7d1 0 Open the window eastward Alternate translation: “open the window that faces east” or “open that window towards the east”
2KI 13 17 dd2b figs-explicit 0 so he opened it Since this happens after Joash takes the bow and arrows, he may have had a servant open the window. Alternate translation: “So a servant opened it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 13 17 wid3 0 he shot Alternate translation: “Joash shot the arrow”
@ -834,7 +828,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 14 2 bez2 translate-names 0 Jehoaddan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 14 3 s1dn figs-metaphor 0 He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh, yet not like David his father Here “the eyes of Yahweh” refers to his sight, and his sight refers to his judgment. Alternate translation: “Amaziah did many things that pleased Yahweh, but he did not do as many things that pleased Yahweh as King David had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 14 3 u7ik figs-explicit 0 He did everything that Joash, his father, had done Joash obeyed Yahweh and did good things. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “He did the same good things that his father Joash had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 14 4 xtm4 0 General Information: The story of Amaziah’s rule as king of Judah continues.
2KI 14 4 uy97 figs-activepassive 0 But the high places were not taken away This can be stated in active form. The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But he did not remove the high places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 14 4 jkh2 figs-explicit 0 sacrificed and burned incense at the high places The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “sacrificed and burned incense to pagan gods at the high places”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 14 5 l8qk writing-newevent 0 It came about This is used to introduce a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
@ -1053,21 +1046,16 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 17 7 rdg7 0 This captivity This refers to the capture of the Israelites by the Assyrians.
2KI 17 7 yaq6 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of “Hand” is metonymy for control, authority or power. Alternate translation: “the control of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 17 8 zgq1 figs-metaphor 0 walking in the practices “Walking” is metaphor for the ways or patterns of behavior people use in their lives. Alternate translation: “doing the activities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 17 9 nc6f 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
2KI 17 10 ry45 figs-hyperbole 0 on every high hill and under every green tree These are exaggerations to show that worship of false gods was widespread. Alternate translation: “on high hills and under green trees everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 17 11 bjz7 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
2KI 17 11 iv69 0 performed wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger Possible ways to render this: (1) “did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry” or (2) “did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry”
2KI 17 12 um9h 0 about which Yahweh had said to them Alternate translation: “about which Yahweh had warned them”
2KI 17 13 pf5x 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
2KI 17 13 l95x 0 Yahweh had testified … by every prophet Yahweh spoke through the prophets.
2KI 17 13 u47j 0 Turn from your evil ways Alternate translation: “Stop doing the evil things you have been doing”
2KI 17 13 k7g1 0 I sent to you by my servants the prophets The prophets were sent by Yahweh to remind the people of God’s Laws and to obey them.
2KI 17 14 ji6d 0 General Information: The summary of Yahweh’s judgment on Israel continues.
2KI 17 14 q327 0 they were very stubborn They were unwilling to follow God’s laws and rely on Yahweh as their God.
2KI 17 15 djv4 0 rejected his statutes They refused to obey God’s Laws.
2KI 17 15 wv5m 0 They followed useless practices They followed the practices of the people around them.
2KI 17 15 e99s 0 not to imitate Alternate translation: “not to copy”
2KI 17 16 qih1 0 General Information: The summary of Yahweh’s judgment on Israel continues.
2KI 17 16 n1a8 0 cast metal figures Cast metal figures are objects made by pouring melted metal into a form (or mold) to make a shape.
2KI 17 17 hy71 0 used … enchantments used magic to say what would happen in the future
2KI 17 17 vek9 figs-metaphor 0 sold themselves to do that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh To “sell themselves” is a metaphor for committing completely to do that which was evil. Alternate translation: “committed themselves to do things that Yahweh said were evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1077,13 +1065,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 17 20 d8a3 0 he afflicted them Alternate translation: “Yahweh punished the Israelites”
2KI 17 20 g1yc figs-metonymy 0 gave them into the hand of those who would take the possession as spoil “Hand” is metonymy for control, power or authority. Alternate translation: “handed them over to those who robbed them of their property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 17 20 vab6 figs-metaphor 0 until he had cast them out of his sight “his sight” is metaphor for attention and caring. Alternate translation: “until he got rid of them all” or “until they were no longer in his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 17 21 jfw7 0 General Information: The reason for Yahweh’s judgment on Israel continues by relating the history behind it.
2KI 17 21 f8vi figs-metaphor 0 He tore Israel “He tore” here is a metaphor for violent removal. Alternate translation: “Yahweh removed the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 17 21 tq3s 0 from the royal line of David Alternate translation: “from the rule of David’s descendants”
2KI 17 21 czk6 0 drove Israel away from following Yahweh Alternate translation: “turned the people of Israel away from following Yahweh”
2KI 17 22 e5r7 0 they did not depart from them Alternate translation: “the Israelites did not stop committing these sins” or “they did not turn away from those sins”
2KI 17 23 j42u figs-metaphor 0 so Yahweh removed Israel from his sight “Sight” here is a metaphor for attention and care. Alternate translation: “so Yahweh removed the people of Israel from his attention and care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 17 24 wn3n 0 General Information: Yahweh’s judgment continues against the new Assyrian inhabitants who practice their pagan religions.
2KI 17 24 f8bq translate-names 0 Kuthah … Avva … Hamath … Sepharvaim These are places in the Assyrian empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 17 25 ka1w 0 It happened at the beginning of their residence there that Alternate translation: “When those people first lived there”
2KI 17 26 k4vb 0 The nations that you have carried away and placed in the cities of Samaria Alternate translation: “The people you have moved from other lands and sent to live in the cities of Samaria”
@ -1111,10 +1097,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 18 2 u8q8 translate-names 0 Zechariah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 18 2 zuh6 translate-names 0 Abijah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 18 3 asi6 figs-metaphor 0 He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh “In the eyes” here is a metaphor for Yahweh’s attention and care. Alternate translation: “King Hezekiah did what was right to Yahweh” or “Hezekiah did things that Yahweh said are right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 18 4 sa1z 0 General Information: The story of King Hezekiah’s reign continues.
2KI 18 4 qf1l 0 He removed the high places, destroyed the stone pillars, and cut down the Asherah poles Alternate translation: “Hezekiah removed the high places of worship, smashed into pieces the memorial stones, and cut down the wooden poles of Asherah”
2KI 18 4 rbd2 translate-names 0 Nehushtan This name could be translated “Bronze Serpent Idol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 18 6 c8k4 0 General Information: The story of King Hezekiah’s reign continues.
2KI 18 6 pl2n figs-metaphor 0 he held on to Yahweh To “hold on” is metaphor for staying loyal and attached. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah stayed loyal to Yahweh” or “Hezekiah remained faithful to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 18 7 q5ms 0 wherever he went he prospered Alternate translation: “wherever Hezekiah went he was successful”
2KI 18 8 jru2 0 fortified city city with a wall all around it
@ -1136,14 +1120,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 18 17 hq5b 0 the conduit of the upper pool the channel where the water stored in the “upper pool” flows into the city of Jerusalem
2KI 18 17 wj5c 0 stood by it Alternate translation: “and waited there for King Hezekiah to meet with them”
2KI 18 18 f4ny translate-names 0 Eliakim … Hilkiah … Shebna … Joah … Asaph These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 18 19 mt3a 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
2KI 18 19 fj2e figs-rquestion 0 What is the source of your confidence? The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypt’s support. He does not ask this question looking for an answer. Alternate translation: “You have no reason to think that you can defeat me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 18 20 l4ks figs-rquestion 0 In whom are you trusting, that you should rebel against me? The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypt’s support. He does not ask this question looking for an answer. Alternate translation: “You cannot trust anyone to help you rebel against me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 18 21 l67d figs-metaphor 0 walking stick of this bruised reed of Egypt The King of Assyria compares Egypt to a weak walking stick; you expect that it will support you when you lean on it, but instead it breaks and cuts you. Alternate translation: “the weak support from Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 18 21 vl81 figs-metaphor 0 but if a man leans … and pierce it The speaker is extending the metaphor by describing what happens when a reed is used as a support. Alternate translation: “but if someone uses this for support, he will be injured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 18 22 im2y 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
2KI 18 22 vr43 figs-rquestion 0 is not he the one whose high places … Jerusalem’? This question assumes the listeners know the answer and is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You need to remember that he is the one whose high places … Jerusalem’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 18 24 sn27 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
2KI 18 24 pmx6 figs-rquestion 0 How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master’s servants? He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiah’s army. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “You could not defeat even one of the least of the king’s soldiers.” or (2) “You could not defeat a group of the king’s soldiers commanded by his least important officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 18 25 s1nk figs-rquestion 0 Have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this place and destroy it? He asks this question to emphasize that Yahweh is behind his success to obey the command to destroy Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh himself told us to come here and destroy this land!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 18 26 i5v3 translate-names 0 Eliakim … Hilkiah … Shebnah … Joah Translate the names of these men as in [2 Kings 18:18](../18/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1155,7 +1136,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 18 31 e5tl 0 Make peace with me and come out to me Alternate translation: “Come out of the city and surrender to me” or “Make an agreement with me to surrender, and come out of the city to me”
2KI 18 31 c7we figs-metaphor 0 his own vine … his own fig tree … his own cistern These sources of food and water are metaphors for security and plenty. This also was a common way of expressing this idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 18 32 hw3y figs-metaphor 0 a land of grain and new wine … bread and vineyards … olive trees and honey These are metaphors for having good things and plenty in daily life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 18 33 jbv2 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
2KI 18 33 yg4w figs-rquestion 0 Has any of the gods … Assyria? He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “None the gods of the peoples have rescued them … Assyria.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 18 34 v6ap figs-rquestion 0 Where are the gods of … Arpad? He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “I have destroyed the gods of … Arpad!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 18 34 vmd2 translate-names 0 Hamath … Arpad … Sepharvaim … Hena … Ivvah … Samaria These are the names of places that represent the people living there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1191,20 +1171,17 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 19 10 rl75 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the king of Assyria “Hand” is metonymy for control, authority or power. Alternate translation: “the control of the government of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 19 11 yi6z 0 See, you have heard “Notice, you have heard” or “You have certainly heard.” Here “see” was used to draw attention to what he was about to say next.
2KI 19 11 rg7k figs-rquestion 0 So will you be rescued? Sennacharib used this question to emphasize that God will not be able to rescue them. Alternate translation: “Your God will not rescue you!” or “You will not be able to escape either!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 19 12 h82z 0 General Information: King Sennacharib’s message to King Hezekiah continues.
2KI 19 12 t2qt figs-rquestion 0 Have the gods of the nations rescued them, the nations … destroyed: Gozan … Assar? This question assumes Hezekiah knows the answer and provides emphasis. Alternate translation: “The gods of the nations, the nations … destroyed—Gozan … Assar—certainly did not rescue them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 19 12 qh8k 0 my fathers Alternate translation: “the previous kings of Assyria” or “the armies of the previous kings of Assyria”
2KI 19 12 jlk5 translate-names 0 Gozan … Haran … Rezeph … Eden … Tel Assar These are all place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 19 13 qr8p translate-names 0 Hamath … Arpad … Sepharvaim … Hena … Ivvah These are all place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 19 14 rl14 0 this letter This refers to the letter that King Sennacherib of Assyria sent to Hezekiah ([2 Kings 19:8](../19/08.md)).
2KI 19 15 tj35 figs-explicit 0 you who sit above the cherubim You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 19 16 q3iu 0 General Information: King Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh after receiving the letter from King Sennacherib of Assyria.
2KI 19 16 ww68 figs-parallelism 0 Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen. Open your eyes, Yahweh, and see Both of these sentences urge Yahweh to pay attention to the things that Sennacherib is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2KI 19 16 l4xg figs-doublet 0 Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen The words “Turn your ear” and “listen” mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please listen to what he is saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2KI 19 16 ts43 figs-doublet 0 Open your eyes, Yahweh, and see The words “Open your eyes” and “see” mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please pay attention to what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2KI 19 18 j5ic 0 They have put their gods into the fire Alternate translation: “The Assyrian kings have burned up the gods of the other nations”
2KI 19 18 eb8e 0 Assyrians have destroyed them Alternate translation: “Assyrians have destroyed both the nations and the nations’ gods”
2KI 19 19 u5fs 0 General Information: King Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh after receiving the letter from King Sennacherib of Assyria.
2KI 19 19 wfb4 0 I implore you Alternate translation: “I beg of you”
2KI 19 19 d477 0 from his power Alternate translation: “from the power of the King of Assyria” or “from the armies of the King of Assyria”
2KI 19 21 x6cw figs-metaphor 0 The virgin daughter of Zion “Virgin daughter” here is a metaphor for the people of Jerusalem as if they are young, vibrant and beautiful. The term “daughter” was used to give personal characteristics to cities by some biblical writers. Alternate translation: “The beautiful people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -1214,21 +1191,17 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 19 22 j2sr figs-rquestion 0 Whom have you defied and insulted? Against whom have you exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel! Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to rebuke Sennacherib. Alternate translation: “You have defied and insulted me! You have exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride against me, the Holy One of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 19 22 xs5l figs-metonymy 0 lifted up your eyes in pride “lifted up your eyes in pride” is metonymy for a haughty or arrogant facial expression. Alternate translation: “looked at very proudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 19 22 bu8e 0 the Holy One of Israel An expression for the God of Israel, Yahweh.
2KI 19 23 xfl9 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues the message from Yahweh given by Isaiah, the prophet, to King Hezekiah concerning King Sennacherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2KI 19 23 l4ei 0 you have defied the Lord To “defy” is to openly resist or mock.
2KI 19 23 fz73 figs-synecdoche 0 I have gone up … I will cut down … I will enter These boasts made by Sennacherib could only be fulfilled by his army. The pronoun “I” represents him and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 19 24 q99y figs-hyperbole 0 I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet. This is a boast that Sennacherib has so many soldiers that their feet dry up the water when they cross a river. This is an exaggeration to emphasize the great number of soldiers he has. Alternate translation: “And by marching through the streams of Egypt, we dried them all up!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 19 25 ay9r figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2KI 19 25 r3ai figs-rquestion 0 Have you not heard how … times? To make the point strongly this question assumes the listener knows the answer. Alternate translation: “Surely you know how … times.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 19 25 pi5d 0 impregnable cities Alternate translation: “cities that cannot be captured” or “cities surrounded by high walls”
2KI 19 26 cp3z figs-metaphor 0 plants in the field, green grass This metaphor compares the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants. Alternate translation: “as frail as plants and grass in the fields” or “as weak as shallow rooted plants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 19 26 u3mn figs-metaphor 0 the grass on the roof or in the field, burned before it has grown up This continues the metaphor comparing the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants in difficult conditions for growing fully. Alternate translation: “like grass before it has matured” or “like grass before it has grown tall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 19 27 c9r7 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2KI 19 27 u4xv 0 raging against me Alternate translation: “angry shouting about me”
2KI 19 28 sm7p figs-metonymy 0 because your arrogance has reached my ears “Ears” are metonymy for listening or hearing. Alternate translation: “because I have heard your proud words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 19 28 m3jm figs-metaphor 0 I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth A “hook” and a “bit” (to control a horse) are metaphors for Yahweh’s control of Sennacherib. Alternate translation: “I will lead you like an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 19 28 c2rz figs-explicit 0 I will turn you back the way you came That Sennacherib will return home before he can conquer Jerusalem can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will make you return to your own country the same way you came, without conquering Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 19 29 nx9r figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Here Isaiah is talking to King Hezekiah. He continues using parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2KI 19 29 gx3t 0 grows wild Alternate translation: “grows without having been planted”
2KI 19 30 gtq1 figs-metaphor 0 The remnant of the house of Judah that survives will again take root and bear fruit This metaphor compares restoration of the remnant to plantings that take hold and produce results. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah who remain alive will restore their lives and prosperity” or “The people who remain in Judah will prosper and have many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 19 31 q41h 0 The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do this Alternate translation: “The strong action of Yahweh will make this happen”
@ -1249,7 +1222,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 20 4 ad2v figs-metonymy 0 the word of Yahweh came “Word” represents the message Yahweh revealed to Isaiah. This is a common way of speaking, an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 20 5 j5zi figs-parallelism 0 I have heard your prayer, and I have seen your tears The second part reinforces the first part to make one message by using parallelism. Alternate translation: “I have heard your prayers and seen your tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2KI 20 5 jaq6 0 on the third day Alternate translation: “two days from now” The day Isaiah said this was the first day, so “the third day” would be the same as “two days from now.”
2KI 20 6 y6h7 0 General Information: The message from Yahweh to King Hezekiah through the prophet Isaiah continues.
2KI 20 6 p9us translate-numbers 0 fifteen years 15 years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 20 6 tej9 figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of the king of Assyria “Hand” is metonymy for power, authority and control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the king of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 20 7 y9eu 0 lump of figs Alternate translation: “paste made of boiled figs”
@ -1278,13 +1250,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 21 2 k3ux figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 21 2 qx6p 0 like the disgusting things Another possible meaning is “including the disgusting things.”
2KI 21 3 i746 figs-metonymy 0 he rebuilt the high places … he built altars for Baal, made an Asherah pole Manasseh would have commanded his workers to do the building for him. Alternate translation: “he had the high places rebuilt … he had altars built for Baal, had an Asherah pole made” or “he had his workers rebuild the high places … he had them build altars for Baal, make an Asherah pole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 21 4 kq9h 0 General Information: The story of King Manasseh’s reign continues.
2KI 21 4 tf5j figs-metonymy 0 It is in Jerusalem that my name will be forever The name is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem is where I will forever make known who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 21 5 lm3d figs-explicit 0 He built altars for all the stars of heaven in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh It is implied that he built these altars so people could make sacrifices and worship the stars. Also, he would not have built these altars himself, rather he would have commanded his workers to do it. Alternate translation: “He had his workers build altars in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh so that the people could worship the stars and offer them sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 21 6 nlv5 figs-explicit 0 He caused his son to pass through the fire You may need to make explicit why he caused his son be put into the fire and what happened after he did so. Alternate translation: “He burned his son to death as an offering to his gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 21 6 qw58 0 consulted with Alternate translation: “asked for information from”
2KI 21 6 p47l figs-metaphor 0 much evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “many things that were evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “many things that Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 21 7 ub5i 0 General Information: The story of King Manasseh’s reign continues.
2KI 21 7 sss9 figs-metonymy 0 that he had made Manasseh probably did not do the work. His servants would have done the work. Alternate translation: “that Manasseh had ordered his servants to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 21 7 p35n figs-metonymy 0 that I will put my name forever Here Yahweh putting his “name” on the temple represents him designating it as the place to worship him. Alternate translation: “where I want people to worship me forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 21 8 ysn5 figs-synecdoche 0 the feet of Israel The feet are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1331,7 +1301,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 22 4 xz1u 0 house of Yahweh This is another name for the “temple” (verse 3).
2KI 22 5 g4kj 0 house of Yahweh … in the temple Here “house of Yahweh” and “temple” mean the same thing.
2KI 22 5 xuv8 figs-synecdoche 0 Let it be given into the hand of the workmen Here “hand” represents the workmen as a whole. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Tell Hilkiah to give the money to the workmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 22 6 li9c 0 General Information: The message from King Josiah to Hilkiah, the high priest, continues.
2KI 22 6 i313 0 Let them give money Here “them” refers to the workmen who are in charge of the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](../22/05.md).
2KI 22 6 r9kj 0 the carpenters, the builders, and the masons These are the same as the workmen who are in the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](../22/05.md). Here the workers are described in more detail.
2KI 22 6 j71y 0 carpenters workers who build with wood
@ -1358,7 +1327,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 22 15 lf4s 0 the man who sent you to me Here “the man” refers to King Josiah.
2KI 22 16 y4st figs-metaphor 0 I will bring disaster to this place and to its inhabitants Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that he could bring to a place. Alternate translation: “I will cause terrible things to happen to this place and to those who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 22 16 p6qx figs-synecdoche 0 to this place “to Jerusalem.” This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. Alternate translation: “to Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 22 17 vf9u 0 General Information: The message Yahweh sent to King Josiah through Huldah, the prophetess, continues.
2KI 22 17 syg8 figs-metaphor 0 my anger has been kindled against this place, and it will not be extinguished Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that was lit. Alternate translation: “my anger against this place is like a fire that cannot be put out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 22 17 c75r figs-metonymy 0 this place Here “place” represents the people who live in Jerusalem and Judah. Alternate translation: “these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 22 18 a12h figs-metonymy 0 About the words that you heard Here “words” represents the message that Huldah just spoke. Alternate translation: “About the message that you heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1388,7 +1356,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 23 4 qsq2 translate-names 0 Kidron Valley … Bethel names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 23 5 i5fz figs-metonymy 0 He got rid The word “He” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them get rid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 23 5 p31g 0 to Baal, to the sun and the moon, to the planets, and to all the stars Alternate translation: “as a way to worship Baal, the sun and the moon, the planets, and all the stars”
2KI 23 6 e6wt 0 General Information: This continues to tell what King Josiah did in response to the message from Yahweh.
2KI 23 6 ueh3 figs-metonymy 0 He brought out … and burned it … He beat it … and threw The word “he” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them bring out … and burn it … He had them beat it … and throw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 23 7 vc4c figs-metonymy 0 He cleared The word “He” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them clear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 23 7 qn4w 0 wove garments Alternate translation: “made clothes”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
91 2KI 3 4 r82y figs-explicit 0 He had to give to the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams Mesha had to give these things to the king of Israel because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Every year he was forced to give 100,000 lambs and the wool from 100,000 rams to the king of Israel, because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
92 2KI 3 4 n1ad translate-numbers 0 100,000 lambs…100,000 rams “one hundred thousand lambs … one hundred thousand rams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
93 2KI 3 6 kkb2 figs-synecdoche 0 to mobilize all Israel for war “to prepare the people of Israel for war.” Here “all Israel” refers to all of the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “to mobilize all of the Israelite soldiers for war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 3 7 q4bl 0 General Information: King Joram continues speaking to King Jehoshaphat.
94 2KI 3 7 uqt2 figs-synecdoche 0 Will you go with me against Moab to battle? The word “you” refers to Jehoshaphat, but refers to both him and his army. Here “Moab” stands for “the army of Moab.” Alternate translation: “Will you and your army go with me to fight against the army of Moab?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
95 2KI 3 7 zuz1 figs-synecdoche 0 I will go Jehoshaphat is saying that he and his entire army will fight with King Joram against Moab. Alternate translation: “We will go with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
96 2KI 3 7 qh7x figs-explicit 0 I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses Jehoshaphat is letting Joram use himself, his people, and his horses for his purposes. He speaks of this as if they belonged to Joram. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are ready to do whatever you want us to. My soldiers and my horses are ready to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
157 2KI 4 8 zxt5 0 passed by Alternate translation: “traveled through Shunem”
158 2KI 4 9 t6m9 0 See, now I realize Alternate translation: “Now I understand”
159 2KI 4 9 s4jr 0 who is always passing by Alternate translation: “who travels by regularly”
2KI 4 10 dnv6 0 General Information: The important woman continues talking to her husband about Elisha.
160 2KI 4 10 wt8r 0 Let us Here “us” refers to the important woman and her husband.
161 2KI 4 12 jqx1 translate-names 0 Gehazi This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
162 2KI 4 12 dj7q 0 Call this Shunammite “Call the Shunammite woman.” This refers to the woman from Shunem that Elisha was staying with.
502 2KI 9 5 s5qa 0 behold The writer uses the word “behold” to direct attention to what follows. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you can use it here.
503 2KI 9 5 nk22 figs-explicit 0 the captains of the army were sitting Jehu was sitting among the captains. You may introduce Jehu to the story line here if this is necessary in your language. Alternate translation: “Jehu and some other army officers were sitting together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
504 2KI 9 5 y24h 0 To which of us The word “us” refers to Jehu and the other army captains.
2KI 9 7 n5fj 0 General Information: The young prophet continues to speak to Jehu, whom he had just anointed as king over Israel.
505 2KI 9 7 e949 figs-metonymy 0 I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of Yahweh Here the “blood” of the prophets and the servants refers to their deaths. Alternate translation: “I may avenge the deaths of my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh” or “so that I may punish them for murdering my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
506 2KI 9 7 v3iw figs-ellipsis 0 the blood The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “avenge the blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
507 2KI 9 7 t494 figs-activepassive 0 who were murdered by the hand of Jezebel This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Jezebel commanded her servants to murder” or “whose deaths were commanded by Jezebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
508 2KI 9 7 f5vj figs-metonymy 0 by the hand of Jezebel This means that Jezebel commanded the people to be killed. Alternate translation: “by an order from Jezebel” or “by Jezebel’s command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
509 2KI 9 8 xlv4 figs-euphemism 0 For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cut off from Ahab every male child Here to be “cut off” means to be killed. Alternate translation: “For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cause every male child in his family to be killed” or “Every member of Ahab’s family will die, including every male child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
510 2KI 9 8 nm7u figs-synecdoche 0 every male child This phrase is used to refer to every male, but it specifies “child” to emphasize that it includes children. Alternate translation: “every male” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 9 9 wgr2 0 General Information: The young prophet continues to speak the words of Yahweh to Jehu, whom he had just anointed as king over Israel.
511 2KI 9 9 ev98 figs-explicit 0 I will make the house of Ahab like This means that God will destroy Ahab and his family just as he destroyed Jeroboam and Baasha and their families. Alternate translation: “I will get rid of the house of Ahab like I got rid of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
512 2KI 9 9 t27a figs-metonymy 0 the house of This phrase is used in this verse three times. Each time, the word “house” refers to the “family” of the man specified. Alternate translation: “the family of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
513 2KI 9 9 xb8q translate-transliterate 0 Nebat … Ahijah These are the names of men. Translate the name “Nebat” the same as you did in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
684 2KI 11 4 pvj6 0 Carites This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards.
685 2KI 11 4 dar3 0 brought them to himself “had them come to meet with him.” Jehoiada, the high priest, had these military men report to him at the temple.
686 2KI 11 4 ycq8 0 Then he showed them the king’s son Jehoiada revealed to them that Joash, King Azahiah’s son, was still alive.
2KI 11 7 ap6i 0 General Information: Jehoiada continues giving directions to the soldiers who will protect King Joash.
687 2KI 11 7 z17v figs-explicit 0 for the king They were to keep watch for the purpose of protecting the king from harm. Alternate translation: “in order to protect King Joash” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
688 2KI 11 8 jp1k 0 Whoever enters within your ranks “Anyone who tries to go past you while you are protecting King Joash.” A rank refers to a line of soldiers.
689 2KI 11 8 d88v figs-activepassive 0 let him be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
798 2KI 13 14 h3da 0 My father, my father Elisha was not the king’s literal father. King Joash used this term as a sign of respect.
799 2KI 13 14 r8bv figs-explicit 0 the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you away This is a reference to Elijah going to heaven in [2 Kings 2:11](../02/11.md) and [2 Kings 2:12](../02/12.md). Joash uses this phrase to say that Elisha was going to die. Alternate translation: “the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you to heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
800 2KI 13 14 tj6k figs-explicit 0 the horsemen This refers to the men who drove the chariots. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the drivers of the chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 13 17 we66 0 General Information: Elisha continues to talk to Joash, king of Israel.
801 2KI 13 17 b7d1 0 Open the window eastward Alternate translation: “open the window that faces east” or “open that window towards the east”
802 2KI 13 17 dd2b figs-explicit 0 so he opened it Since this happens after Joash takes the bow and arrows, he may have had a servant open the window. Alternate translation: “So a servant opened it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
803 2KI 13 17 wid3 0 he shot Alternate translation: “Joash shot the arrow”
828 2KI 14 2 bez2 translate-names 0 Jehoaddan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
829 2KI 14 3 s1dn figs-metaphor 0 He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh, yet not like David his father Here “the eyes of Yahweh” refers to his sight, and his sight refers to his judgment. Alternate translation: “Amaziah did many things that pleased Yahweh, but he did not do as many things that pleased Yahweh as King David had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
830 2KI 14 3 u7ik figs-explicit 0 He did everything that Joash, his father, had done Joash obeyed Yahweh and did good things. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “He did the same good things that his father Joash had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 14 4 xtm4 0 General Information: The story of Amaziah’s rule as king of Judah continues.
831 2KI 14 4 uy97 figs-activepassive 0 But the high places were not taken away This can be stated in active form. The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But he did not remove the high places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
832 2KI 14 4 jkh2 figs-explicit 0 sacrificed and burned incense at the high places The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “sacrificed and burned incense to pagan gods at the high places”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
833 2KI 14 5 l8qk writing-newevent 0 It came about This is used to introduce a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1046 2KI 17 7 rdg7 0 This captivity This refers to the capture of the Israelites by the Assyrians.
1047 2KI 17 7 yaq6 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of “Hand” is metonymy for control, authority or power. Alternate translation: “the control of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1048 2KI 17 8 zgq1 figs-metaphor 0 walking in the practices “Walking” is metaphor for the ways or patterns of behavior people use in their lives. Alternate translation: “doing the activities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 17 9 nc6f 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
1049 2KI 17 10 ry45 figs-hyperbole 0 on every high hill and under every green tree These are exaggerations to show that worship of false gods was widespread. Alternate translation: “on high hills and under green trees everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 17 11 bjz7 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
1050 2KI 17 11 iv69 0 performed wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger Possible ways to render this: (1) “did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry” or (2) “did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry”
1051 2KI 17 12 um9h 0 about which Yahweh had said to them Alternate translation: “about which Yahweh had warned them”
2KI 17 13 pf5x 0 General Information: The narrative continues to summarize Yahweh’s judgment on Israel.
1052 2KI 17 13 l95x 0 Yahweh had testified … by every prophet Yahweh spoke through the prophets.
1053 2KI 17 13 u47j 0 Turn from your evil ways Alternate translation: “Stop doing the evil things you have been doing”
1054 2KI 17 13 k7g1 0 I sent to you by my servants the prophets The prophets were sent by Yahweh to remind the people of God’s Laws and to obey them.
2KI 17 14 ji6d 0 General Information: The summary of Yahweh’s judgment on Israel continues.
1055 2KI 17 14 q327 0 they were very stubborn They were unwilling to follow God’s laws and rely on Yahweh as their God.
1056 2KI 17 15 djv4 0 rejected his statutes They refused to obey God’s Laws.
1057 2KI 17 15 wv5m 0 They followed useless practices They followed the practices of the people around them.
1058 2KI 17 15 e99s 0 not to imitate Alternate translation: “not to copy”
2KI 17 16 qih1 0 General Information: The summary of Yahweh’s judgment on Israel continues.
1059 2KI 17 16 n1a8 0 cast metal figures Cast metal figures are objects made by pouring melted metal into a form (or mold) to make a shape.
1060 2KI 17 17 hy71 0 used … enchantments used magic to say what would happen in the future
1061 2KI 17 17 vek9 figs-metaphor 0 sold themselves to do that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh To “sell themselves” is a metaphor for committing completely to do that which was evil. Alternate translation: “committed themselves to do things that Yahweh said were evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1065 2KI 17 20 d8a3 0 he afflicted them Alternate translation: “Yahweh punished the Israelites”
1066 2KI 17 20 g1yc figs-metonymy 0 gave them into the hand of those who would take the possession as spoil “Hand” is metonymy for control, power or authority. Alternate translation: “handed them over to those who robbed them of their property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1067 2KI 17 20 vab6 figs-metaphor 0 until he had cast them out of his sight “his sight” is metaphor for attention and caring. Alternate translation: “until he got rid of them all” or “until they were no longer in his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 17 21 jfw7 0 General Information: The reason for Yahweh’s judgment on Israel continues by relating the history behind it.
1068 2KI 17 21 f8vi figs-metaphor 0 He tore Israel “He tore” here is a metaphor for violent removal. Alternate translation: “Yahweh removed the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1069 2KI 17 21 tq3s 0 from the royal line of David Alternate translation: “from the rule of David’s descendants”
1070 2KI 17 21 czk6 0 drove Israel away from following Yahweh Alternate translation: “turned the people of Israel away from following Yahweh”
1071 2KI 17 22 e5r7 0 they did not depart from them Alternate translation: “the Israelites did not stop committing these sins” or “they did not turn away from those sins”
1072 2KI 17 23 j42u figs-metaphor 0 so Yahweh removed Israel from his sight “Sight” here is a metaphor for attention and care. Alternate translation: “so Yahweh removed the people of Israel from his attention and care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 17 24 wn3n 0 General Information: Yahweh’s judgment continues against the new Assyrian inhabitants who practice their pagan religions.
1073 2KI 17 24 f8bq translate-names 0 Kuthah … Avva … Hamath … Sepharvaim These are places in the Assyrian empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1074 2KI 17 25 ka1w 0 It happened at the beginning of their residence there that Alternate translation: “When those people first lived there”
1075 2KI 17 26 k4vb 0 The nations that you have carried away and placed in the cities of Samaria Alternate translation: “The people you have moved from other lands and sent to live in the cities of Samaria”
1097 2KI 18 2 u8q8 translate-names 0 Zechariah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1098 2KI 18 2 zuh6 translate-names 0 Abijah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1099 2KI 18 3 asi6 figs-metaphor 0 He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh “In the eyes” here is a metaphor for Yahweh’s attention and care. Alternate translation: “King Hezekiah did what was right to Yahweh” or “Hezekiah did things that Yahweh said are right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 18 4 sa1z 0 General Information: The story of King Hezekiah’s reign continues.
1100 2KI 18 4 qf1l 0 He removed the high places, destroyed the stone pillars, and cut down the Asherah poles Alternate translation: “Hezekiah removed the high places of worship, smashed into pieces the memorial stones, and cut down the wooden poles of Asherah”
1101 2KI 18 4 rbd2 translate-names 0 Nehushtan This name could be translated “Bronze Serpent Idol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 18 6 c8k4 0 General Information: The story of King Hezekiah’s reign continues.
1102 2KI 18 6 pl2n figs-metaphor 0 he held on to Yahweh To “hold on” is metaphor for staying loyal and attached. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah stayed loyal to Yahweh” or “Hezekiah remained faithful to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1103 2KI 18 7 q5ms 0 wherever he went he prospered Alternate translation: “wherever Hezekiah went he was successful”
1104 2KI 18 8 jru2 0 fortified city city with a wall all around it
1120 2KI 18 17 hq5b 0 the conduit of the upper pool the channel where the water stored in the “upper pool” flows into the city of Jerusalem
1121 2KI 18 17 wj5c 0 stood by it Alternate translation: “and waited there for King Hezekiah to meet with them”
1122 2KI 18 18 f4ny translate-names 0 Eliakim … Hilkiah … Shebna … Joah … Asaph These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 18 19 mt3a 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
1123 2KI 18 19 fj2e figs-rquestion 0 What is the source of your confidence? The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypt’s support. He does not ask this question looking for an answer. Alternate translation: “You have no reason to think that you can defeat me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1124 2KI 18 20 l4ks figs-rquestion 0 In whom are you trusting, that you should rebel against me? The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypt’s support. He does not ask this question looking for an answer. Alternate translation: “You cannot trust anyone to help you rebel against me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1125 2KI 18 21 l67d figs-metaphor 0 walking stick of this bruised reed of Egypt The King of Assyria compares Egypt to a weak walking stick; you expect that it will support you when you lean on it, but instead it breaks and cuts you. Alternate translation: “the weak support from Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1126 2KI 18 21 vl81 figs-metaphor 0 but if a man leans … and pierce it The speaker is extending the metaphor by describing what happens when a reed is used as a support. Alternate translation: “but if someone uses this for support, he will be injured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 18 22 im2y 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
1127 2KI 18 22 vr43 figs-rquestion 0 is not he the one whose high places … Jerusalem’? This question assumes the listeners know the answer and is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You need to remember that he is the one whose high places … Jerusalem’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 18 24 sn27 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
1128 2KI 18 24 pmx6 figs-rquestion 0 How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master’s servants? He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiah’s army. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “You could not defeat even one of the least of the king’s soldiers.” or (2) “You could not defeat a group of the king’s soldiers commanded by his least important officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1129 2KI 18 25 s1nk figs-rquestion 0 Have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this place and destroy it? He asks this question to emphasize that Yahweh is behind his success to obey the command to destroy Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh himself told us to come here and destroy this land!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1130 2KI 18 26 i5v3 translate-names 0 Eliakim … Hilkiah … Shebnah … Joah Translate the names of these men as in [2 Kings 18:18](../18/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1136 2KI 18 31 e5tl 0 Make peace with me and come out to me Alternate translation: “Come out of the city and surrender to me” or “Make an agreement with me to surrender, and come out of the city to me”
1137 2KI 18 31 c7we figs-metaphor 0 his own vine … his own fig tree … his own cistern These sources of food and water are metaphors for security and plenty. This also was a common way of expressing this idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1138 2KI 18 32 hw3y figs-metaphor 0 a land of grain and new wine … bread and vineyards … olive trees and honey These are metaphors for having good things and plenty in daily life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 18 33 jbv2 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men.
1139 2KI 18 33 yg4w figs-rquestion 0 Has any of the gods … Assyria? He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “None the gods of the peoples have rescued them … Assyria.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1140 2KI 18 34 v6ap figs-rquestion 0 Where are the gods of … Arpad? He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “I have destroyed the gods of … Arpad!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1141 2KI 18 34 vmd2 translate-names 0 Hamath … Arpad … Sepharvaim … Hena … Ivvah … Samaria These are the names of places that represent the people living there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1171 2KI 19 10 rl75 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the king of Assyria “Hand” is metonymy for control, authority or power. Alternate translation: “the control of the government of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1172 2KI 19 11 yi6z 0 See, you have heard “Notice, you have heard” or “You have certainly heard.” Here “see” was used to draw attention to what he was about to say next.
1173 2KI 19 11 rg7k figs-rquestion 0 So will you be rescued? Sennacharib used this question to emphasize that God will not be able to rescue them. Alternate translation: “Your God will not rescue you!” or “You will not be able to escape either!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 19 12 h82z 0 General Information: King Sennacharib’s message to King Hezekiah continues.
1174 2KI 19 12 t2qt figs-rquestion 0 Have the gods of the nations rescued them, the nations … destroyed: Gozan … Assar? This question assumes Hezekiah knows the answer and provides emphasis. Alternate translation: “The gods of the nations, the nations … destroyed—Gozan … Assar—certainly did not rescue them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1175 2KI 19 12 qh8k 0 my fathers Alternate translation: “the previous kings of Assyria” or “the armies of the previous kings of Assyria”
1176 2KI 19 12 jlk5 translate-names 0 Gozan … Haran … Rezeph … Eden … Tel Assar These are all place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1177 2KI 19 13 qr8p translate-names 0 Hamath … Arpad … Sepharvaim … Hena … Ivvah These are all place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1178 2KI 19 14 rl14 0 this letter This refers to the letter that King Sennacherib of Assyria sent to Hezekiah ([2 Kings 19:8](../19/08.md)).
1179 2KI 19 15 tj35 figs-explicit 0 you who sit above the cherubim You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 19 16 q3iu 0 General Information: King Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh after receiving the letter from King Sennacherib of Assyria.
1180 2KI 19 16 ww68 figs-parallelism 0 Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen. Open your eyes, Yahweh, and see Both of these sentences urge Yahweh to pay attention to the things that Sennacherib is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1181 2KI 19 16 l4xg figs-doublet 0 Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen The words “Turn your ear” and “listen” mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please listen to what he is saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1182 2KI 19 16 ts43 figs-doublet 0 Open your eyes, Yahweh, and see The words “Open your eyes” and “see” mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please pay attention to what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1183 2KI 19 18 j5ic 0 They have put their gods into the fire Alternate translation: “The Assyrian kings have burned up the gods of the other nations”
1184 2KI 19 18 eb8e 0 Assyrians have destroyed them Alternate translation: “Assyrians have destroyed both the nations and the nations’ gods”
2KI 19 19 u5fs 0 General Information: King Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh after receiving the letter from King Sennacherib of Assyria.
1185 2KI 19 19 wfb4 0 I implore you Alternate translation: “I beg of you”
1186 2KI 19 19 d477 0 from his power Alternate translation: “from the power of the King of Assyria” or “from the armies of the King of Assyria”
1187 2KI 19 21 x6cw figs-metaphor 0 The virgin daughter of Zion “Virgin daughter” here is a metaphor for the people of Jerusalem as if they are young, vibrant and beautiful. The term “daughter” was used to give personal characteristics to cities by some biblical writers. Alternate translation: “The beautiful people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1191 2KI 19 22 j2sr figs-rquestion 0 Whom have you defied and insulted? Against whom have you exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel! Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to rebuke Sennacherib. Alternate translation: “You have defied and insulted me! You have exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride against me, the Holy One of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1192 2KI 19 22 xs5l figs-metonymy 0 lifted up your eyes in pride “lifted up your eyes in pride” is metonymy for a haughty or arrogant facial expression. Alternate translation: “looked at very proudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1193 2KI 19 22 bu8e 0 the Holy One of Israel An expression for the God of Israel, Yahweh.
2KI 19 23 xfl9 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues the message from Yahweh given by Isaiah, the prophet, to King Hezekiah concerning King Sennacherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1194 2KI 19 23 l4ei 0 you have defied the Lord To “defy” is to openly resist or mock.
1195 2KI 19 23 fz73 figs-synecdoche 0 I have gone up … I will cut down … I will enter These boasts made by Sennacherib could only be fulfilled by his army. The pronoun “I” represents him and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1196 2KI 19 24 q99y figs-hyperbole 0 I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet. This is a boast that Sennacherib has so many soldiers that their feet dry up the water when they cross a river. This is an exaggeration to emphasize the great number of soldiers he has. Alternate translation: “And by marching through the streams of Egypt, we dried them all up!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2KI 19 25 ay9r figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1197 2KI 19 25 r3ai figs-rquestion 0 Have you not heard how … times? To make the point strongly this question assumes the listener knows the answer. Alternate translation: “Surely you know how … times.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1198 2KI 19 25 pi5d 0 impregnable cities Alternate translation: “cities that cannot be captured” or “cities surrounded by high walls”
1199 2KI 19 26 cp3z figs-metaphor 0 plants in the field, green grass This metaphor compares the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants. Alternate translation: “as frail as plants and grass in the fields” or “as weak as shallow rooted plants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1200 2KI 19 26 u3mn figs-metaphor 0 the grass on the roof or in the field, burned before it has grown up This continues the metaphor comparing the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants in difficult conditions for growing fully. Alternate translation: “like grass before it has matured” or “like grass before it has grown tall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 19 27 c9r7 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This continues the message from Yahweh, given by Isaiah, the prophet, for King Hezekiah concerning King Sennecherib. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1201 2KI 19 27 u4xv 0 raging against me Alternate translation: “angry shouting about me”
1202 2KI 19 28 sm7p figs-metonymy 0 because your arrogance has reached my ears “Ears” are metonymy for listening or hearing. Alternate translation: “because I have heard your proud words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1203 2KI 19 28 m3jm figs-metaphor 0 I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth A “hook” and a “bit” (to control a horse) are metaphors for Yahweh’s control of Sennacherib. Alternate translation: “I will lead you like an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1204 2KI 19 28 c2rz figs-explicit 0 I will turn you back the way you came That Sennacherib will return home before he can conquer Jerusalem can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will make you return to your own country the same way you came, without conquering Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 19 29 nx9r figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Here Isaiah is talking to King Hezekiah. He continues using parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1205 2KI 19 29 gx3t 0 grows wild Alternate translation: “grows without having been planted”
1206 2KI 19 30 gtq1 figs-metaphor 0 The remnant of the house of Judah that survives will again take root and bear fruit This metaphor compares restoration of the remnant to plantings that take hold and produce results. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah who remain alive will restore their lives and prosperity” or “The people who remain in Judah will prosper and have many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1207 2KI 19 31 q41h 0 The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do this Alternate translation: “The strong action of Yahweh will make this happen”
1222 2KI 20 4 ad2v figs-metonymy 0 the word of Yahweh came “Word” represents the message Yahweh revealed to Isaiah. This is a common way of speaking, an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1223 2KI 20 5 j5zi figs-parallelism 0 I have heard your prayer, and I have seen your tears The second part reinforces the first part to make one message by using parallelism. Alternate translation: “I have heard your prayers and seen your tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1224 2KI 20 5 jaq6 0 on the third day Alternate translation: “two days from now” The day Isaiah said this was the first day, so “the third day” would be the same as “two days from now.”
2KI 20 6 y6h7 0 General Information: The message from Yahweh to King Hezekiah through the prophet Isaiah continues.
1225 2KI 20 6 p9us translate-numbers 0 fifteen years 15 years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1226 2KI 20 6 tej9 figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of the king of Assyria “Hand” is metonymy for power, authority and control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the king of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1227 2KI 20 7 y9eu 0 lump of figs Alternate translation: “paste made of boiled figs”
1250 2KI 21 2 k3ux figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1251 2KI 21 2 qx6p 0 like the disgusting things Another possible meaning is “including the disgusting things.”
1252 2KI 21 3 i746 figs-metonymy 0 he rebuilt the high places … he built altars for Baal, made an Asherah pole Manasseh would have commanded his workers to do the building for him. Alternate translation: “he had the high places rebuilt … he had altars built for Baal, had an Asherah pole made” or “he had his workers rebuild the high places … he had them build altars for Baal, make an Asherah pole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 21 4 kq9h 0 General Information: The story of King Manasseh’s reign continues.
1253 2KI 21 4 tf5j figs-metonymy 0 It is in Jerusalem that my name will be forever The name is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem is where I will forever make known who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1254 2KI 21 5 lm3d figs-explicit 0 He built altars for all the stars of heaven in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh It is implied that he built these altars so people could make sacrifices and worship the stars. Also, he would not have built these altars himself, rather he would have commanded his workers to do it. Alternate translation: “He had his workers build altars in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh so that the people could worship the stars and offer them sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1255 2KI 21 6 nlv5 figs-explicit 0 He caused his son to pass through the fire You may need to make explicit why he caused his son be put into the fire and what happened after he did so. Alternate translation: “He burned his son to death as an offering to his gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1256 2KI 21 6 qw58 0 consulted with Alternate translation: “asked for information from”
1257 2KI 21 6 p47l figs-metaphor 0 much evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “many things that were evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “many things that Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 21 7 ub5i 0 General Information: The story of King Manasseh’s reign continues.
1258 2KI 21 7 sss9 figs-metonymy 0 that he had made Manasseh probably did not do the work. His servants would have done the work. Alternate translation: “that Manasseh had ordered his servants to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1259 2KI 21 7 p35n figs-metonymy 0 that I will put my name forever Here Yahweh putting his “name” on the temple represents him designating it as the place to worship him. Alternate translation: “where I want people to worship me forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1260 2KI 21 8 ysn5 figs-synecdoche 0 the feet of Israel The feet are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1301 2KI 22 4 xz1u 0 house of Yahweh This is another name for the “temple” (verse 3).
1302 2KI 22 5 g4kj 0 house of Yahweh … in the temple Here “house of Yahweh” and “temple” mean the same thing.
1303 2KI 22 5 xuv8 figs-synecdoche 0 Let it be given into the hand of the workmen Here “hand” represents the workmen as a whole. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Tell Hilkiah to give the money to the workmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 22 6 li9c 0 General Information: The message from King Josiah to Hilkiah, the high priest, continues.
1304 2KI 22 6 i313 0 Let them give money Here “them” refers to the workmen who are in charge of the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](../22/05.md).
1305 2KI 22 6 r9kj 0 the carpenters, the builders, and the masons These are the same as the workmen who are in the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](../22/05.md). Here the workers are described in more detail.
1306 2KI 22 6 j71y 0 carpenters workers who build with wood
1327 2KI 22 15 lf4s 0 the man who sent you to me Here “the man” refers to King Josiah.
1328 2KI 22 16 y4st figs-metaphor 0 I will bring disaster to this place and to its inhabitants Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that he could bring to a place. Alternate translation: “I will cause terrible things to happen to this place and to those who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1329 2KI 22 16 p6qx figs-synecdoche 0 to this place “to Jerusalem.” This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. Alternate translation: “to Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 22 17 vf9u 0 General Information: The message Yahweh sent to King Josiah through Huldah, the prophetess, continues.
1330 2KI 22 17 syg8 figs-metaphor 0 my anger has been kindled against this place, and it will not be extinguished Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that was lit. Alternate translation: “my anger against this place is like a fire that cannot be put out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1331 2KI 22 17 c75r figs-metonymy 0 this place Here “place” represents the people who live in Jerusalem and Judah. Alternate translation: “these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1332 2KI 22 18 a12h figs-metonymy 0 About the words that you heard Here “words” represents the message that Huldah just spoke. Alternate translation: “About the message that you heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1356 2KI 23 4 qsq2 translate-names 0 Kidron Valley … Bethel names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1357 2KI 23 5 i5fz figs-metonymy 0 He got rid The word “He” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them get rid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1358 2KI 23 5 p31g 0 to Baal, to the sun and the moon, to the planets, and to all the stars Alternate translation: “as a way to worship Baal, the sun and the moon, the planets, and all the stars”
2KI 23 6 e6wt 0 General Information: This continues to tell what King Josiah did in response to the message from Yahweh.
1359 2KI 23 6 ueh3 figs-metonymy 0 He brought out … and burned it … He beat it … and threw The word “he” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them bring out … and burn it … He had them beat it … and throw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1360 2KI 23 7 vc4c figs-metonymy 0 He cleared The word “He” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them clear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1361 2KI 23 7 qn4w 0 wove garments Alternate translation: “made clothes”

9
en_tn_13-1CH.tsv
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@ -168,13 +168,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 3 9 ff3s translate-names 0 Tamar This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 3 10 d4df translate-names 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 3 10 xah2 0 Solomon’s son was Rehoboam. Rehoboam’s son was Abijah Solomon had more than one son. The same is true of other men in the list. Alternate translation: “Solomon was the father of Rehoboam. Rehoboam was the father of Abijah”
1CH 3 11 wxr4 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
1CH 3 12 csv4 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
1CH 3 12 rv8z 0 Azariah This was another name for Uzziah, the better-known name for this king. Translators may decide to use “Uzziah” everywhere for this king.
1CH 3 13 x5nc 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
1CH 3 14 x68c 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
1CH 3 15 bb7m 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
1CH 3 16 i3s1 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
1CH 3 17 kq1l translate-names 0 Jehoiachin … Shealtiel These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 3 17 ac1d 0 Jehoiachin Some versions have “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of “Jehoiachin.”
1CH 3 17 yx5z 0 the captive This may be a title that was given to Jehoiachin because he was taken into captivity. However, some versions regard the word as “Assir,” the name of one of his sons.
@ -243,11 +237,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 4 26 nb77 0 great-grandson the son of Mishma’s grandson
1CH 4 27 idu9 translate-numbers 0 sixteen sons and six daughters “16 sons and 6 daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CH 4 28 i1vp translate-names 0 Moladah … Hazar Shual These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 4 29 kgj7 0 General Information: The list of the cities where Simeon’s descendants lived continues.
1CH 4 29 ut76 translate-names 0 Bilhah … Ezem … Tolad These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 4 30 il6l translate-names 0 Bethuel … Hormah … Ziklag These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 4 31 fq6g translate-names 0 Beth Markaboth … Hazar Susim … Beth Biri … Shaaraim These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 4 32 tne2 0 General Information: The list of places where Simeon’s descendants lived continues.
1CH 4 32 a6vw translate-names 0 Etam … Ain … Rimmon … Token … Ashan These are the names of villages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 4 33 xqd5 0 outlying villages the villages that were near but outside the main town
1CH 4 33 s8es translate-names 0 Baalath This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -715,7 +707,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 11 24 wc9k figs-activepassive 0 he was named alongside the three mighty men This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people praised him like they praised the three mighty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 11 25 ny47 figs-activepassive 0 He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people respected him more than the 30 soldiers, but not as much as the 3 most elite soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 11 25 dm5u 0 his bodyguard the group of people responsible for protecting David
1CH 11 26 wjs4 translate-names 0 General Information: This begins a list of David’s thirty most important warriors. The list contains the names of the men and the clans to which they belonged. The list continues through [1 Chronicles 11:47](../11/47.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 11 27 l66m translate-names 0 This continues the list of David’s thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 11 28 p3am translate-names 0 This continues the list of David’s thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 11 29 t93j translate-names 0 This continues the list of David’s thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
168 1CH 3 9 ff3s translate-names 0 Tamar This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
169 1CH 3 10 d4df translate-names 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
170 1CH 3 10 xah2 0 Solomon’s son was Rehoboam. Rehoboam’s son was Abijah Solomon had more than one son. The same is true of other men in the list. Alternate translation: “Solomon was the father of Rehoboam. Rehoboam was the father of Abijah”
1CH 3 11 wxr4 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
1CH 3 12 csv4 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
171 1CH 3 12 rv8z 0 Azariah This was another name for Uzziah, the better-known name for this king. Translators may decide to use “Uzziah” everywhere for this king.
1CH 3 13 x5nc 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
1CH 3 14 x68c 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
1CH 3 15 bb7m 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
1CH 3 16 i3s1 0 General Information: This continues the list of David’s descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](../03/10.md).
172 1CH 3 17 kq1l translate-names 0 Jehoiachin … Shealtiel These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
173 1CH 3 17 ac1d 0 Jehoiachin Some versions have “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of “Jehoiachin.”
174 1CH 3 17 yx5z 0 the captive This may be a title that was given to Jehoiachin because he was taken into captivity. However, some versions regard the word as “Assir,” the name of one of his sons.
237 1CH 4 26 nb77 0 great-grandson the son of Mishma’s grandson
238 1CH 4 27 idu9 translate-numbers 0 sixteen sons and six daughters “16 sons and 6 daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
239 1CH 4 28 i1vp translate-names 0 Moladah … Hazar Shual These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 4 29 kgj7 0 General Information: The list of the cities where Simeon’s descendants lived continues.
240 1CH 4 29 ut76 translate-names 0 Bilhah … Ezem … Tolad These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
241 1CH 4 30 il6l translate-names 0 Bethuel … Hormah … Ziklag These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
242 1CH 4 31 fq6g translate-names 0 Beth Markaboth … Hazar Susim … Beth Biri … Shaaraim These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 4 32 tne2 0 General Information: The list of places where Simeon’s descendants lived continues.
243 1CH 4 32 a6vw translate-names 0 Etam … Ain … Rimmon … Token … Ashan These are the names of villages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
244 1CH 4 33 xqd5 0 outlying villages the villages that were near but outside the main town
245 1CH 4 33 s8es translate-names 0 Baalath This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
707 1CH 11 24 wc9k figs-activepassive 0 he was named alongside the three mighty men This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people praised him like they praised the three mighty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
708 1CH 11 25 ny47 figs-activepassive 0 He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people respected him more than the 30 soldiers, but not as much as the 3 most elite soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
709 1CH 11 25 dm5u 0 his bodyguard the group of people responsible for protecting David
1CH 11 26 wjs4 translate-names 0 General Information: This begins a list of David’s thirty most important warriors. The list contains the names of the men and the clans to which they belonged. The list continues through [1 Chronicles 11:47](../11/47.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
710 1CH 11 27 l66m translate-names 0 This continues the list of David’s thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
711 1CH 11 28 p3am translate-names 0 This continues the list of David’s thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
712 1CH 11 29 t93j translate-names 0 This continues the list of David’s thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

102
en_tn_18-JOB.tsv
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@ -140,11 +140,9 @@ JOB 3 13 pv57 figs-hypo 0 I would have been lying down quietly Job imagines som
JOB 3 13 hw7g 0 lying down quietly Alternate translation: “asleep, resting peacefully”
JOB 3 13 e4ks figs-idiom 0 been at rest Here the word “rest” means to sleep peacefully, but also that Job would not be experiencing the pain that he does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 3 14 m4i4 0 with kings and counselors of the earth Alternate translation: “with kings and their advisers”
JOB 3 15 b6t5 0 General Information: Job continues talking about what would have been true if he had never been born.
JOB 3 15 kr3y figs-hypo 0 Or I would have been lying This describes something that might have happened but did not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 3 15 kq2m figs-euphemism 0 I would have been lying with princes “I would be resting with princes.” In this phrase, the words “lying” and “resting” are a polite way of saying “no longer alive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB 3 15 b79w figs-parallelism 0 who once had gold, who had filled their houses with silver Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 3 16 eqh2 figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues talking about what would have been true if he had never been born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 3 16 qn46 0 I would have been stillborn Alternate translation: “I would have died in my mother’s womb”
JOB 3 16 qu2s 0 like infants that never see the light Alternate translation: “like babies who have never been born”
JOB 3 16 j5tv 0 infants Alternate translation: “babies” or “very small children”
@ -244,23 +242,19 @@ JOB 5 5 k9ap 0 they even take it from among the thorns This perhaps refers to
JOB 5 5 ded6 figs-metaphor 0 The thirsty pant for their wealth Here greedy people are spoken of as if they were thirsty, and the wealth of the foolish person is spoken of as if it were something that they could drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 6 kx25 figs-metaphor 0 For difficulties do not come out from the soil; neither does trouble sprout from the ground Here difficulties and trouble are spoken of as if they were plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 7 kz2s figs-simile 0 mankind is born for trouble, just as sparks fly upward It is as natural for people, once they are born, to have trouble as it is for sparks to fly up from a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 5 8 ahg3 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: In these verses, Eliphaz continues his speech from [Job 4:1](../04/01.md). The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that Job needs to plead his case to God who does wonderful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 5 9 ep8u 0 great and unsearchable things, marvelous things without number Alternate translation: “great things that cannot be understood, wonders that cannot be counted”
JOB 5 9 l8rt figs-metaphor 0 unsearchable things This refers to things that mankind cannot understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 9 ga9h figs-hendiadys 0 great and unsearchable things Here the writer uses two independent words connected by “and” to emphasize the greatness of God’s actions. Alternate translation: “greatly profound things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JOB 5 9 sa4u 0 marvelous things Alternate translation: “wonderful things” or “wonders”
JOB 5 11 w7ab figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize how God lifts those who are lowly and debases those who are cunning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 5 11 die2 figs-metaphor 0 He does this in order to set up on high those who are low Humble people in distress are spoken of as if they were in a low position. When God rescues them, they receive honor. When this happens, they are spoken of as being raised up and put into a high position. Alternate translation: “God does this in order to rescue and honor the humble who have been suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 12 z3jy figs-metaphor 0 He breaks the plans Here stopping the plans of crafty people is spoken of as if they were things that could be physically broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 13 rw2w figs-metaphor 0 He traps wise people in their own crafty actions Here making wise people suffer for their own evil actions is spoken of as if it were catching them in traps. Their own actions are spoken of as if they were those traps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 13 zp4c figs-metaphor 0 twisted people Here being evil in a clever way is spoken of as if it were being twisted. Alternate translation: “those who are cunning” or “those who are devious” or “those who are shrewd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 14 igd7 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize how God debases those who are cunning and saves those who are poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 5 14 w5uy figs-metaphor 0 They encounter darkness in the daytime Here the cunning, wicked people whom God confuses are spoken of as if they unexpectedly are in the dark at noon, when the sun is at its highest position in the sky. They cannot do anything they wish to do, because they cannot see. Alternate translation: “Those who are cunning are in the dark, even at noontime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 14 ua15 0 grope feel around like a blind person
JOB 5 14 vnt6 0 noonday the middle of the day, when the sun is highest and brightest
JOB 5 15 i885 figs-metaphor 0 But he saves the poor person from the sword in their mouths Here the insulting and threatening things that people say are spoken of as if they were a sword in their mouths. Alternate translation: “But he saves the poor person from the threats of the mighty” or “But he saves the poor person when the mighty threaten or insult them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 16 exr5 figs-personification 0 injustice shuts her own mouth People who say unjust things are spoken of as if they were the injustice itself, who must stop speaking. Alternate translation: “It is as though injustice shut her own mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 5 17 sq3f figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in verses 18 and 19, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize God’s acts of chastening and healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 5 17 izq1 0 God corrects … chastening of the Almighty God is pictured as a parent correcting or instructing a child.
JOB 5 17 jr16 0 blessed is the man whom God corrects Alternate translation: “God really favors the man whom he corrects”
JOB 5 17 g1br 0 do not despise Alternate translation: “do not reject” or “do not consider worthless”
@ -268,13 +262,11 @@ JOB 5 17 c4un 0 chastening Alternate translation: “instruction” or “corr
JOB 5 18 fx57 0 For he wounds and then binds up; he wounds and then his hands heal Alternate translation: “For he wounds but binds up; he crushes but his hands heal”
JOB 5 18 dgs2 figs-synecdoche 0 his hands heal Here “his hands” represents God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 5 19 q4qe figs-metaphor 0 He will rescue you out of six troubles; indeed, in seven troubles, no evil will touch you The use of increasing numbers such as “six” and “seven” represents the idea of many, many times. Alternate translation: “He will rescue you out of trouble over and over again; indeed, time after time, no evil will touch you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 20 s1h6 0 General Information: The shift in pronoun from “he” to “you” which began in [Job 5:19](../05/19.md) continues through the end of Eliphaz’s speech in [Job 5:27](./27.md).
JOB 5 20 q1gi figs-metaphor 0 In famine he will ransom you Here rescuing is spoken of as if it were ransoming, buying back. Alternate translation: “In famine God will rescue you from danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 20 cy63 figs-synecdoche 0 the hands of the sword Here “hands” probably represents the people who attack with weapons, including swords. Alternate translation: “violent people” or “people who attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 5 21 h9ag figs-abstractnouns 0 of destruction Here “destruction” refers to the danger of being destroyed by enemies. Alternate translation: “that any enemy will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 5 22 m19v writing-symlanguage 0 You will laugh at destruction and famine Here “laugh” represents that the person is not afraid. Alternate translation: “You will not be afraid of any danger of destruction or famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
JOB 5 22 dbx6 figs-metaphor 0 beasts of the earth This refers to wild animals. Alternate translation: “wild animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 23 ed53 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize security with regard to the natural world, the homestead, and one’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 5 23 kt43 figs-metaphor 0 you will have a covenant with the stones in your field Here the stones in farmers’ fields are spoken of as if they were people that someone could have a covenant with. Alternate translation: “the stones in your fields will be like people who promise that they will not make any trouble for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 5 23 rr79 figs-idiom 0 the beasts of the field This refers to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 5 24 ew8g figs-metaphor 0 You will know that your tent is in safety Here “tent” represents a person’s family, household, and all his possessions. Alternate translation: “You will know that your family, servants, and everything you own are safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -289,7 +281,6 @@ JOB 6 2 use6 figs-parallelism 0 if only my anguish were weighed; if only all my
JOB 6 2 cqr6 0 in the balance Alternate translation: “on a scale”
JOB 6 3 l5j1 figs-simile 0 For now it would be heavier than the sand of the seas Job compares the burden of his suffering to the weight of wet sand; both can crush a person. Alternate translation: “For my anguish and calamities would be heavier than the sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 6 3 j9lz 0 my words were reckless Alternate translation: “I spoke recklessly” or “I spoke rashly”
JOB 6 4 b2zh figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job’s intense suffering as the grounds for his complaint. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 6 4 se7m figs-metaphor 0 For the arrows of the Almighty are in me This is a metaphor for Job’s suffering. He compares his many troubles to arrows that God has shot his body with. Alternate translation: “It is as though the Almighty has shot arrows into my body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 6 4 m898 figs-metaphor 0 my spirit drinks up the poison “my spirit drinks up the arrows’ poison.” This continues the metaphor of the arrows, by implying that they had tips of poison and that Job feels the pain in his spirit. He speaks of feeling this pain as if his spirit drank the poison. Alternate translation: “I feel the pain of their poison in my inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 6 4 l3u6 figs-personification 0 the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me Job speaks of the terrible things that have happened to him as if they were soldiers that God had lined up to attack him all at once. Alternate translation: “God has caused all the terrible things that could happen to happen to me all at once” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -301,7 +292,6 @@ JOB 6 5 tbl2 0 fodder animal food
JOB 6 6 l3sd figs-metaphor 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? This could mean: (1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people’s dislike for bland food or (2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend’s advice to people’s dislike for bland food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 6 6 cg4r figs-rquestion 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? Job uses these rhetorical questions to emphasize his own displeasure. These questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tasteless food cannot be eaten without salt, just as there is no taste in the white of an egg.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 6 6 xfj2 figs-activepassive 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Can you eat that which has no taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 6 7 r1x2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Job continues to use parallelisms in these verses as he speaks about his sufferings and his desire for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 6 7 hy2z 0 I refuse to touch them “Them” refers to bad tasting foods.
JOB 6 9 yf92 figs-euphemism 0 to crush me once This means for God to cause him to die. Alternate translation: “to crush me and let me die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB 6 9 f53h figs-idiom 0 that he would let loose his hand and cut me off from this life The phrases “let loose his hand” is an idiom that means to act quickly. Also, the phrase “cut me off from this life” is a euphemism for killing him. Alternate translation: “that he would act quickly and cut short my life” or “that he would act quickly and end my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -357,7 +347,6 @@ JOB 6 30 km3f figs-rquestion 0 Is there evil on my tongue? “Do I say wicked t
JOB 6 30 z316 figs-metonymy 0 on my tongue Here Job’s speech is represented by his “tongue.” Alternate translation: “in my speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 6 30 f1ga figs-rquestion 0 Cannot my mouth detect malicious things? Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. Here Job refers to himself by his “mouth” to emphasize his speech. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know what is right to say and what is wrong to say.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 7 intro y5ka 0 # Job 7 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 1 eq7p figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that his personal suffering is part of the universal suffering which all people experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 7 1 nz5u figs-rquestion 0 Does not man have hard labor on earth? Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people experience hard work. It can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “There is hard labor for every person on earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 1 a1c6 figs-hyperbole 0 on earth This is a generalization that means for the time people are living on the earth. Alternate translation: “while he lives on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB 7 1 m3yt figs-rquestion 0 Are not his days like the days of a hired man? Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people struggle in life. Alternate translation: “And their days are like the days of a hired man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -375,14 +364,12 @@ JOB 7 5 sh53 figs-metaphor 0 My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust T
JOB 7 5 l429 figs-synecdoche 0 My flesh This represents his whole body. Alternate translation: “My body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 7 5 lry5 0 clods of dust This could mean: (1) lumps or crusts of dirt or (2) scabs on the skin.
JOB 7 5 we79 0 dissolve and run afresh Alternate translation: “break out again”
JOB 7 6 iar8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job’s sense of the shortness of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 7 6 tf2g figs-simile 0 My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle Job compares his lifetime to the quickness of a weaver’s shuttle. Alternate translation: “My life goes by very quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 7 6 pvg2 0 weaver a person who makes cloth by crossing threads or yarn
JOB 7 6 fy2b 0 a weaver’s shuttle a moving part that carries thread or yarn back and forth quickly in a loom when making cloth
JOB 7 7 uf8v 0 call to mind “remember.” The phrase “call to mind” does not mean God forgot. Job is asking God to consider or think about the shortness of Job’s life.
JOB 7 7 ee27 figs-metaphor 0 my life is only a breath Job compares the shortness of his life to the shortness of a breath. Alternate translation: “my life is very short, like taking one breath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 7 7 bw35 figs-synecdoche 0 my eye will no more see good Here “my eye” represents Job’s whole person and his ability to see or experience things. Alternate translation: “I will never again experience good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 7 8 sj61 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job’s thought that, after death, neither God nor the people he knew will see him again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 7 8 f5vc figs-explicit 0 The eye of God, who sees me, will see me no more Many versions of the Bible translate this as “The eye which sees me will see me no more.” The words “of God” were added to this phrase because they are implied by the context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 7 8 p6u5 figs-synecdoche 0 The eye of God, who sees me … God’s eyes will be on me Here God is represented by his “eye” to emphasize what he looks at. Alternate translation: “God who watches me … God will look for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 7 9 q76u figs-simile 0 As a cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more Job is describing death as being like the clouds that disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -394,7 +381,6 @@ JOB 7 11 q76q figs-metonymy 0 I will not restrain my mouth Here the mouth repre
JOB 7 11 v8zz figs-abstractnouns 0 in the anguish of my spirit “in the distress of my spirit” or “in the torment of my suffering.” The abstract noun “anguish” can be translated using the adverb “distress.” Alternate translation: “while my spirit is distressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 7 11 ti81 figs-metaphor 0 in the bitterness of my soul Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and “soul” refers to the whole man. Alternate translation: “with anger and resentment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 7 12 qy6r figs-rquestion 0 Am I the sea or a sea monster that you place a guard over me? Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 7 13 kme8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in the first two verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job’s intense suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 7 13 v7e8 figs-metonymy 0 My bed will comfort me, and my couch will ease my complaint Here “bed” and “couch” are metonyms for “sleep.” In lying down to sleep, Job would hope to be comforted. The metonyms also have human attributes; they have the ability to comfort and ease a person. Alternate translation: “My bed, my couch, will be like someone who can comfort me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 7 13 d3uy 0 My bed … my couch These phrases refer to the same thing. Alternate translation: “My bed … my bed”
JOB 7 14 pf6s 0 you scare me “you” here refers to God
@ -431,7 +417,6 @@ JOB 8 6 a4ua 0 If you are pure and upright Alternate translation: “If only y
JOB 8 6 f6a2 figs-metaphor 0 stir himself on your behalf Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he woke from sleep to help Job. Alternate translation: “help you” or “do good things for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 8 6 k3xq 0 restore you to your rightful place This refers to giving back to Job the things he lost, including his family, wealth, and honor.
JOB 8 7 cd7r figs-metaphor 0 Even though your beginning was small, still your final condition would be much greater Here lack of wealth is spoken of as being a “small beginning.” Alternate translation: “Even if you were poor early in your life, God would make you very wealthy later in your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 8 8 h2yb figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Bildad continues to use parallelism in each of these verses to emphasize that their ancestors agree with the things Bildad is telling Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 8 8 iq7n 0 give your attention to what our ancestors learned Alternate translation: “study carefully what our ancestors discovered” or “consider the things our forefathers learned”
JOB 8 9 m5vp figs-metaphor 0 our days on earth are a shadow The shortness of life is spoken of as if it were a shadow which quickly disappears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 8 10 h2ae figs-rquestion 0 Will they not teach you and tell you? Will they not speak words from their hearts? Bildad uses these rhetorical questions to rebuke Job for not agreeing with Bildad and the ancestors. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “They will teach you and tell you and speak what they sincerely believe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -784,7 +769,6 @@ JOB 13 27 l15n figs-metaphor 0 you examine the ground where the soles of my fee
JOB 13 28 mlj8 figs-simile 0 like a rotten thing that wastes away Job compares his life to something that is decaying. He is slowly dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 13 28 fq5k figs-simile 0 like a garment that moths have eaten Job compares himself to clothes that are full of holes because the moths have eaten parts of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 14 intro t321 0 # Job 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s claim of righteousness being presented to Yahweh. It also has an abrupt shift in tone. Rather than being hopeful, Job laments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Resurrection<br>The events of Job occurred long before the Old Testament was written. Therefore, he likely had very little direct revelation about Yahweh. The resurrection of the dead was apparently not well-known during Job’s day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in his appeal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 14 1 g34y 0 General Information: This chapter continues Job’s speech, which started in [Job 12:1](../12/01.md). Job is speaking to God.
JOB 14 1 d6in figs-gendernotations 0 Man, who is born of woman This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
JOB 14 1 u162 figs-hyperbole 0 lives only a few days This is an exaggeration to emphasize that people live only a short time. Alternate translation: “lives only a very short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB 14 1 pfe3 figs-explicit 0 is full of trouble Being “full of trouble” represents experiencing much trouble. Alternate translation: “has many troubles” or “suffers much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -793,7 +777,6 @@ JOB 14 2 w4bb figs-simile 0 he flees like a shadow and does not last A person
JOB 14 3 tkx9 figs-rquestion 0 Do you look at any of these? Job implies that he does not want God to pay so much attention to him. Alternate translation: “You do not look at any of these.” or “You do not pay so much attention to these. Please do not pay so much attention to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 14 3 inl9 0 look at Here looking at some one represents paying attention to him in order to judge him. Alternate translation: “pay attention to” or “look for faults in”
JOB 14 3 fg87 figs-rquestion 0 Do you bring me into judgment with you? Job uses this question to show his surprise that God judges him even though Job is so insignificant like the flowers. Alternate translation: “But you judge me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 14 4 nf8f 0 General Information: Job continues speaking to God.
JOB 14 4 pls1 figs-rquestion 0 Who can bring something clean out of something unclean? No one Job uses this question to persuade God to apply what he knows about unclean things to Job. Alternate translation: “No one can bring something clean out of something unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 14 5 fm5b figs-activepassive 0 Man’s days are determined This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “You determine a man’s days” or “You decide how long a man lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 14 5 iz79 figs-metonymy 0 The number of his months is with you The number of man’s months being with God represents God deciding the number of months that the man will live. “You decide how many months he will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -813,7 +796,6 @@ JOB 14 11 dug9 figs-simile 0 As water disappears from a lake … dries up Water
JOB 14 12 f32z 0 Connecting Statement: Job finishes comparing growing old and dying with water drying up (verse 11).
JOB 14 12 a5nl figs-metaphor 0 so people lie down Lying down represents dying. Alternate translation: “so people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 14 12 h4i1 figs-metaphor 0 do not rise again Rising again represents living again. Alternate translation: “do not live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 14 13 wd65 0 General Information: Job continues speaking to God.
JOB 14 13 w12i figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that you would hide me This is an exclamation showing what Job wants very much but does not really expect to happen. Alternate translation: “I wish that you would hide me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JOB 14 13 is2h 0 keep me in private Alternate translation: “keep me locked up” or “keep me hidden”
JOB 14 13 km9h figs-idiom 0 call me to mind Call someone to mind is an idiom meaning to think about him. Alternate translation: “think about me” or “remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -821,7 +803,6 @@ JOB 14 14 u755 figs-rquestion 0 If a man dies, will he live again? The implicit
JOB 14 14 a2dm figs-explicit 0 If so What “so” refers to is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “If he would live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 14 14 he34 0 to wait all my weary time there Alternate translation: “to wait all my time there even though I would be weary”
JOB 14 14 ws2y figs-abstractnouns 0 until my release should come The abstract noun “release” can be expressed with the verb “release.” Alternate translation: “until I should be released” or “until you release me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 14 15 vrv7 0 General Information: Job continues speaking to God.
JOB 14 15 tbe8 0 I would answer Alternate translation: “I would do what you wanted me to do”
JOB 14 15 d3u1 figs-abstractnouns 0 You would have a desire for The noun “desire” can be expressed with the verbs “desire” or “want.” Alternate translation: “You would desire” or “You would want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 14 15 j3fp figs-metonymy 0 for the work of your hands Here God’s hands represent him making things. Job refers to himself as the work of God’s hands. Alternate translation: “for me, whom you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -831,13 +812,11 @@ JOB 14 16 bay1 figs-metaphor 0 you would not keep track of my sin Keeping track
JOB 14 17 zvn3 figs-parallelism 0 My transgression would be … you would cover up These three lines express the same thought and are used together to emphasize his confidence that God would forgive him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 14 17 cby4 figs-metaphor 0 My transgression would be sealed up in a bag Sealing transgression in a bag represents hiding it and refusing to think about it. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You would refuse to think about my transgression like someone who hides something in a bag” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 14 17 qe5i figs-metaphor 0 you would cover up my iniquity Covering up someone’s iniquity so that it cannot be seen represents refusing to think about it. Alternate translation: “you would hide my iniquity” or “you would ignore my iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 14 18 n4gl 0 General Information: Job continues speaking to God.
JOB 14 18 hga3 figs-doublet 0 mountains fall and come to nothing “Come to nothing” here is an idiom meaning be completely destroyed. This phrase expands on the word “fall” and emphasizes complete destruction. Alternate translation: “mountains completely fall apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB 14 18 h2q3 figs-activepassive 0 rocks are moved out of their place This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “rocks tumble down from their place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 14 19 nc2a figs-simile 0 Like this, you destroy the hope of man If it is easier in your language, you can put this phrase at the beginning of verse 18 and adjust the text accordingly. Alternate translation: “You destroy the hope of man, just like … dust of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 14 19 dj8q figs-metaphor 0 you destroy the hope of man Destroying hope represents causing the things people hope for not to happen. Alternate translation: “You prevent the hope of man from happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 14 19 usl5 figs-abstractnouns 0 the hope of man The abstract noun “hopes” can be expressed with the verb “hope.” Alternate translation: “the things that man hopes for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 14 20 lnf7 0 General Information: Job continues speaking to God.
JOB 14 20 q4my 0 You always defeat him The word “him” refers to any person. Alternate translation: “You always defeat man” or “You always defeat people”
JOB 14 20 uah1 figs-euphemism 0 he passes away Passing away represents dying. Alternate translation: “he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB 14 20 p3dh 0 you change his face This could mean: (1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or (2) when a person dies, God makes the person’s face look different.
@ -973,7 +952,6 @@ JOB 16 21 izh8 figs-123person 0 for this man “for me.” Here Job refers to h
JOB 16 21 kk12 figs-simile 0 as a man does with his neighbor! “as a man does for his neighbor.” Job describes how he wants that one in heaven to plead for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 16 22 z81v figs-explicit 0 I will go to a place Here Job is referring to himself dying. Alternate translation: “I will die and go to a place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 17 intro rs6g 0 # Job 17 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Eliphaz, but it is more directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s grief<br>Job expresses grief or great sadness in this chapter. He awaits the justice and intercession of Yahweh as he awaits his own death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]])<br><br>### Advocate<br>Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JOB 17 1 a993 0 General Information: Job continues to speak.
JOB 17 1 c8r6 figs-synecdoche 0 My spirit is consumed Job refers to himself by his “spirit” to emphasize his inner emotions. He speaks of not having any strength left as if he were something that has been used up. Alternate translation: “I am consumed” or “I have lost all of my strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 17 1 yjx4 0 my days are over Alternate translation: “my time is over” or “I am going to die soon”
JOB 17 1 awv1 figs-personification 0 the grave is ready for me This phrase describes “the grave” as if it is a person who will receive Job as a guest. Alternate translation: “soon I will be dead and buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -983,13 +961,11 @@ JOB 17 2 wp1h figs-synecdoche 0 my eye must always see Job refers to himself by
JOB 17 2 wr6q figs-abstractnouns 0 their provocation “their insults.” The word “provocation” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “them provoking me” or “them, trying to make me angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 17 3 fwk5 figs-metaphor 0 Give now a pledge, be a guarantee for me with yourself Job begins to speak to God. Here he speaks of his situation as if he were in prison. He is asking God to provide a pledge so that he may be released. Alternate translation: “God, give now a pledge so that I may be released from this prison” or “pay for my release from prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 17 3 l8dv figs-rquestion 0 who else is there who will help me? Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one else to help him. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no one else who will help me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 17 4 mbj8 0 General Information: Job continues to speak.
JOB 17 4 fbr7 figs-synecdoche 0 have kept their hearts The word “their” refers to his friends. They are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their emotions. Alternate translation: “have kept them” or “have kept my friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 17 4 y4ne 0 you will not exalt them over me Alternate translation: “you will not allow them to triumph over me”
JOB 17 5 yxa4 0 He who Alternate translation: “Anyone who”
JOB 17 5 kb8z 0 denounces his friends for a reward Alternate translation: “falsely accuses his friends in order to get a profit” or “betrays his friends to receive a reward”
JOB 17 5 i5ps figs-synecdoche 0 the eyes of his children will fail The person’s children are referred to here by their “eyes.” This phrase describes the children suffering because of what their father or mother did. Alternate translation: “his children will suffer for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 17 6 bm2l 0 General Information: Job continues to speak.
JOB 17 6 kzr9 figs-explicit 0 he has made me a byword of the people This means that people speak of him in a mocking way and use his name as an insult. Alternate translation: “because of him, people use my name as an insult” or “because of them, people use my name as a byword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 17 6 me7l translate-symaction 0 they spit in my face “people spit in my face.” In this culture spitting on someone was a great insult. If spitting has a different meaning in your culture you can write this differently. Alternate translation: “people insult me greatly, by spitting in my face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB 17 7 a9ip figs-metonymy 0 My eye is also dim because of sorrow Job speaks of his vision as his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “My vision has become weak because I am so sad” or “I am almost blind because of my sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -998,19 +974,16 @@ JOB 17 7 pis4 figs-hyperbole 0 all my body parts This is a generalization used
JOB 17 8 cqh3 0 will be stunned Alternate translation: “will be shocked” or “will be horrified”
JOB 17 8 u28k 0 by this Alternate translation: “by what has happened to me”
JOB 17 8 g1f9 figs-idiom 0 will stir himself up against This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will be distressed because of” or “will be very angry with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 17 9 ib95 0 General Information: Job continues to speak.
JOB 17 9 r9ay figs-idiom 0 will keep to his way This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will continue to live in a righteous way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 17 9 lqi9 figs-metaphor 0 he who has clean hands This speaks of a person being innocent as having clean hands. Alternate translation: “he who does what is right” or “he who is innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 17 9 lx6m 0 will grow stronger and stronger This does not refer only to physical strength but also to the strength of a person’s will and emotions.
JOB 17 10 e43i 0 you all Job is speaking to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar.
JOB 17 10 e7nv figs-explicit 0 come on now Job invites his friends to debate what he has said. Alternate translation: “come on now, argue with me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 17 11 uk6q 0 General Information: Job continues to speak.
JOB 17 11 nba8 figs-idiom 0 My days are past This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “My time is past” or “My life is over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 17 11 f9nn figs-metonymy 0 my plans are shattered, and so are the desires of my heart Here Job’s “heart” represents his inner being. Alternate translation: “my plans will never happen, nor will the things that I have desired most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 17 12 m4j6 figs-doublet 0 These people, these mockers These two phrases refer to the same people, namely Job’s friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. The second phrase emphasizes their unfriendly attitude. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB 17 12 m8i8 figs-metaphor 0 change the night into day This speaks of the people claiming that night is day as if they actually changed night into day. Alternate translation: “claim it is daytime when it is night” or “say the opposite of what is true, just as night is the opposite of day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 17 12 fif1 figs-explicit 0 light is near to darkness It is implied that the mockers claim that it is light when it is close to dark. Alternate translation: “they claim that light is near to darkness” or “they claim that when it is becoming dark, that it is getting light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 17 13 iy1d 0 General Information: Job continues to speak.
JOB 17 13 pj8i figs-hypo 0 If the only home … and if I have spread The instances of “if” here have the meaning of “since”; Job is speaking as if all these things were true. “Since the only home … and since I have spread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 17 13 h88c figs-metaphor 0 have spread my couch in the darkness Here Job speaks of being prepared to die as having laid his bed in the darkness. Alternate translation: “have prepared myself to go and sleep among the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 17 13 kx3d 0 have spread my couch Alternate translation: “have made my bed”
@ -1031,7 +1004,6 @@ JOB 18 1 g41k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Bildad the Shuhite is speak
JOB 18 1 b2sb 0 Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said “Bildad” is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. See how you translated this in [Job 8:1](../08/01.md).
JOB 18 2 b4en figs-rquestion 0 When will you stop your talk? This rhetorical question means that Job has been talking for too long. This may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Stop talking!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 18 2 jpp1 0 Consider, and Alternate translation: “Be reasonable, and” or “Think about these things, and”
JOB 18 3 ejb1 0 General Information: Bildad continues speaking to Job.
JOB 18 3 b16n figs-rquestion 0 Why are we regarded as beasts, stupid in your sight? Bildad uses this rhetorical questions to emphasize to Job that he should not consider his friends as animals who cannot think or speak. It can be written as a statement in active form. Alternate translation: “We should not be regarded as beasts, as stupid in your sight.” or “You should not regard us as beasts or think of us as stupid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 18 3 myx4 figs-exclusive 0 Why are we The word “we” probably refers to Bildad and Job’s other friends and so is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JOB 18 3 v7r1 figs-metonymy 0 regarded Regarding, looking, is a metonym here for thinking well or badly of someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1041,17 +1013,14 @@ JOB 18 4 zm4p figs-explicit 0 You who tear at yourself in your anger Here Bilda
JOB 18 4 ug9i figs-rquestion 0 should the earth be forsaken for you or should the rocks be removed out of their places? This rhetorical question suggests that letting Job, whom they consider a guilty man, go free would be like changing the whole world. Bildad uses these huge exaggerations here to emphasize how outrageous he thinks this is. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “asking God to let you, a guilty man, go free is as silly as asking for God to forsake the earth for your sake or for God to move the rocks out of their places to please you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB 18 4 r5lg figs-activepassive 0 should the earth be forsaken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “should everyone leave the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 18 4 zyh5 figs-activepassive 0 should the rocks be removed out of their places This can be stated in active form. The word “rocks” here refers to large rocks, such as those in the mountains. Alternate translation: “should God remove the rocks from their places” or “should God move mountains around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 18 5 qn5v 0 General Information: Bildad continues speaking to Job.
JOB 18 5 e2fi figs-metaphor 0 Indeed, the light of the wicked person will be put out; the spark of his fire will not shine Bildad speaks of a wicked person dying as if his lamp were being blown out. Alternate translation: “What will happen is that the lives of wicked people like you end as quickly as we can put out a light or extinguish the flame of a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 5 d868 figs-activepassive 0 will be put out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will go out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 18 6 uj2t figs-metaphor 0 The light will be dark in his tent; his lamp above him will be put out Bildad continues to speak of the wicked person dying. He speaks of the wicked man’s life as if it were the light in his tent. Alternate translation: It will be like the light in his tent has turned to darkness, like the lamp above him has gone out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 7 ku32 0 General Information: Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.
JOB 18 7 fxl3 figs-metaphor 0 The steps of his strength will be made short This speaks of the wicked person suddenly experiencing disaster as if he no longer had strength to walk. Alternate translation: “It will be like he no longer has the strength to walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 7 bgk5 figs-metaphor 0 his own plans will cast him down “his own advice makes him fall down.” This speaks of the wicked person undergoing disaster as if he fell down. Alternate translation: “his own plans will lead him into disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 8 t3iw figs-metaphor 0 For he will be thrown into a net by his own feet; he will walk into a pitfall “His own feet will lead him into a net.” Bildad uses this image to say that the way that a wicked person lives his life leads him to sudden disaster. Alternate translation: “It will be as though he led himself into a net, as if he walked right into a pitfall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 8 fl11 0 a net cords or ropes that people weave together to create a mesh. People used nets to catch animals.
JOB 18 8 wa1n 0 a pitfall a pit that has branches and leaves over it so that an animal will walk onto the branches and leaves and fall into the pit
JOB 18 9 p9gz figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Bildad continues to speak and uses three parallel images to describe how suddenly the wicked person will experience disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 18 9 t6fv figs-metaphor 0 A trap will take him … a snare will These four phrases speak of the wicked man experiencing disaster as if he were caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “It will be as though a trap will take him … a snare will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 9 jr8g 0 A trap People used this kind of trap to catch birds. The trap snapped shut and held on to the foot of the bird.
JOB 18 9 dnn6 figs-synecdoche 0 will take him by the heel Here the “heel” refers to the whole foot. Alternate translation: “will take hold of his foot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1061,24 +1030,20 @@ JOB 18 10 xp42 0 A noose a rope with a loop that grabs hold of an animal’s l
JOB 18 10 f193 figs-ellipsis 0 a trap for him The understood verbal phrase “is hidden” may be supplied. Alternate translation: “a trap is hidden on the path to catch him” or “someone will hide a trap to catch him in the way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB 18 11 e8bw 0 Terrors will make him afraid on every side Alternate translation: “Terrors all around will make him afraid”
JOB 18 11 ln1g figs-personification 0 they will chase him at his heels This speaks of the things that terrify the wicked person as if they were enemies who chased him. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the terrors will chase him all around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 18 12 r63p 0 General Information: Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.
JOB 18 12 v7el figs-metaphor 0 His wealth will turn into hunger This speaks of the wicked man becoming poor and hungry as if his wealth were something that turned into something else. Alternate translation: “Instead of being wealthy, he will become poor and hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 12 zbs5 figs-idiom 0 calamity will be ready at his side The phrase “ready at his side” is an idiom that means that something is continually present. Alternate translation: “he will continually experience disaster” or “he will not be able to avoid calamity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 18 13 u5is figs-activepassive 0 The parts of his body will be devoured This can be stated in active form. Also, this speaks of a disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. Alternate translation: “Disease will eat away at his skin” or “Disease will destroy his skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 13 mrr7 figs-metaphor 0 the firstborn of death will devour his parts Here a disease that kills many people is referred to as “the firstborn of death.” This speaks of that disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. Alternate translation: “a deadly disease will destroy the different parts of his body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 14 ct2u 0 General Information: Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.
JOB 18 14 m1gl figs-activepassive 0 He is torn from the safety of his tent This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Disaster rips him out of his tent, where he is safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 18 14 r3dq figs-activepassive 0 marched off This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it marches him off” or “it forces him to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 18 14 atl1 figs-explicit 0 the king of terrors This is a reference to “King Death,” a pagan god who was believed to rule over death. Alternate translation: “the one who rules over the dead” or “the king of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 18 15 n4sy 0 People not his own Alternate translation: “People who are not his family”
JOB 18 15 fpm9 figs-activepassive 0 after they see that sulfur is scattered within his home People used sulfur to get rid of any diseases from a dying person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “after they spread sulfur all over his home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 18 16 qa6m 0 General Information: Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.
JOB 18 16 uul5 figs-metaphor 0 His roots will be dried up … branch be cut off This speaks of the wicked man dying and having no descendants as if he were a tree whose roots dried up and branches withered, producing no fruit. Alternate translation: “He will die and leave no descendants, he will be like a tree whose roots have dried up and whose branches have all withered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 16 u1by figs-activepassive 0 will his branch be cut off This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his branches will wither” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 18 17 y9j9 figs-parallelism 0 His memory will perish from the earth; he will have no name in the street These phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize the fact that nobody will remember him after he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 18 17 m6xw figs-metaphor 0 His memory will perish from the earth This speaks of the “memory” of the wicked man as if it were a person who died. Alternate translation: “No one on the earth will remember him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 17 fs6r figs-idiom 0 he will have no name in the street This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no one walking along the street will even remember his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 18 18 arw9 0 General Information: Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.
JOB 18 18 k7ju figs-parallelism 0 He will be driven from light into darkness … and be chased out of this world These phrases together emphasize the fact that the wicked person will be sent to Sheol, the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 18 18 er2m figs-activepassive 0 He will be driven from light into darkness This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will drive the wicked person from light into darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 18 18 w8ix figs-metonymy 0 from light into darkness The word “light” refers to life, and the word “darkness” refers to death. Alternate translation: “from the light of life to the darkness of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1089,26 +1054,22 @@ JOB 18 19 chi9 0 son’s son Alternate translation: “grandson” or “grand
JOB 18 19 asp3 0 kinfolk Alternate translation: “relatives”
JOB 18 20 wn9y figs-merism 0 Those who live in the west … those who live in the east will be frightened by it The phrases “in the west” and “in the east” are together a merism that refers to all people living everywhere. This is an exaggeration as not everyone on the earth will hear about what happened to a specific wicked person. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the whole world will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person” or “Many people who live in the east and in the west will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB 18 20 r4pt 0 one day Alternate translation: “someday”
JOB 18 21 w31s 0 General Information: Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.
JOB 18 21 da3s figs-parallelism 0 the homes of unrighteous people, the places of those who do not know God These two phrases have the same meaning and refer to the same people. Here these people are referred to by the places where they live. Alternate translation: “unrighteous people, those who do not know God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 19 intro vq57 0 # Job 19 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>Verses 25-27 are very important to this book. They show the great depth of Job’s faith in Yahweh after his most difficult time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
JOB 19 1 rlm3 writing-poetry 0 General Information: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JOB 19 1 u8kd 0 Connecting Statement: Job speaks to his three friends.
JOB 19 2 xxa9 figs-rquestion 0 How long will you make me suffer and break me into pieces with words? Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “Stop making me suffer and breaking me into pieces with words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 19 2 r3lw figs-metaphor 0 break me into pieces with words Job uses this image to say that their words make him feel very sad and hopeless. Alternate translation: “torment me with your words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 3 k3k9 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 3 k4th figs-idiom 0 These ten times you have reproached me The phrase “These ten times” refers to the way that the friends have completely rebuked Job. Alternate translation: “You have completely reproached me” or “You have reproached me many times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 19 3 uy8e 0 you are not ashamed that you have treated me harshly Job is rebuking them for this. This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “You should be ashamed that you have treated me so harshly”
JOB 19 3 vjt8 0 have treated me harshly Alternate translation: “have despised me” or “have publicly ridiculed me”
JOB 19 4 f1ee 0 have erred Alternate translation: “have sinned by accident” or “mistakenly sinned”
JOB 19 4 bfn1 figs-explicit 0 my error remains my own concern Job implies that his friends are not responsible for continuing to rebuke him since he is the one who made the error. Alternate translation: “my error is my own responsibility, so you should not continue to rebuke me” or “my error did not hurt you, so you should not continue to rebuke me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 19 4 fb5f 0 my error Alternate translation: “my sin” or “my mistake”
JOB 19 5 zw49 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 5 z7gm 0 If indeed you will exalt yourselves above me Alternate translation: “If you think you are better than I am” or “Since you act as though you are better than I am”
JOB 19 5 ms5y figs-explicit 0 use my humiliation against me How his friends would do this can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “claim that my humiliation is proof against me” or “use my humiliation as evidence that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 19 5 tzm1 figs-abstractnouns 0 use my humiliation against me The abstract noun “humiliation” can be expressed with the verb “humiliate.” Alternate translation: “claim that what has happened to humiliate me proves that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 19 6 gb9h figs-metaphor 0 has caught me in his net Job speaks as if God were a hunter that has trapped Job in his net. This metaphor represents God taking control of Job and Job’s feeling of helplessness. Alternate translation: “has trapped me” or “has taken control of me” or “has control of what happens to me, so that I am helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 7 gh9v 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 7 bp47 0 See, I cry out Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I cry out”
JOB 19 7 zyg9 figs-explicit 0 Violence! This is a cry for help. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Violence! Help!” or “Help! I am being attacked!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 19 7 i3lc 0 I call out for help Alternate translation: “I shout for help” or “I cry for help”
@ -1118,7 +1079,6 @@ JOB 19 8 ly9g 0 He has walled up my way so that I cannot pass Alternate transl
JOB 19 9 wfj7 figs-metaphor 0 He has stripped … the crown from my head Job uses these images to say that God has taken his good reputation, wealth, and dignity away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 9 hjr9 figs-metaphor 0 He has stripped me of my glory Job speaks of his glory as if it were a robe that God has taken away. Alternate translation: “He has taken away my glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 9 rf7s figs-metaphor 0 he has taken the crown from my head The crown refers to Job’s dignity or honor. Alternate translation: “he has taken away my dignity and honor” or “it is as though he has taken my crown off my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 10 qh54 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 10 tiq1 figs-metaphor 0 He has broken me down on every side Job speaks of God ruining him as if Job were building that God is smashing down. Alternate translation: “He has ruined me in every way” or “He has attacked me in every way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 10 r4pd figs-metaphor 0 I am gone The metaphor “being gone” represents being completely destroyed. Alternate translation: “I am completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 10 jd8w figs-simile 0 he has pulled up my hope like a tree Job speaks of God causing Job not to have hope as if Job’s hope were a tree that God has pulled with its roots out of the ground. Alternate translation: “he has completely taken away all my hope” or “because of what he has done, I can no longer hope for anything good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -1128,19 +1088,16 @@ JOB 19 11 p3pk 0 he regards me as one of his adversaries Alternate translation
JOB 19 12 wkz6 figs-metaphor 0 His troops come on together Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God was sending an army to attack it. Alternate translation: “God sends his army to attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 12 z3lb figs-metaphor 0 they cast up siege mounds against me Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God’s army was piling up dirt against the city wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Alternate translation: “the soldiers pile up dirt in order to climb over my wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 12 fg89 figs-metaphor 0 encamp around my tent Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was in his tent and God’s army was camping around him and preparing to attack him. Alternate translation: “they camp around my tent and prepare to attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 13 yi2e 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 13 zk2b figs-metaphor 0 He has put my brothers far from me Being “far from” someone represents being unwilling to relate to him or help him. Alternate translation: “God has caused my brothers to stay away from me” or “God caused my brothers to refuse to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 13 iv61 figs-activepassive 0 my acquaintances are wholly alienated from me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my acquaintances have alienated themselves from me” or “my friends treat me like a stranger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 19 14 m425 0 My kinsfolk have failed me Alternate translation: “My relatives have left me without help”
JOB 19 14 m7pr 0 my close friends Alternate translation: “my intimate friends”
JOB 19 14 l2e7 0 have forgotten me “have abandoned me” or “have neglected me.” This means that they refuse to treat him according to how he and they had related to each other in the past. It implies that they abandoned him.
JOB 19 15 dh34 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 15 kz75 0 regard me Alternate translation: “consider me”
JOB 19 15 y376 figs-metaphor 0 I am an alien in their sight Job describes how people now think of him as an outsider. Here sight represents judgement or evaluation. Alternate translation: “they think of me as a foreigner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 16 x8ak 0 but he gives me no answer “but he does not respond to me” or “but he does not come to me.” The answer is a response to Job’s call.
JOB 19 16 hds8 figs-metonymy 0 although I entreat him with my mouth The phrase “my mouth” is a metonym which refers to Job speaking. Alternate translation: “even though I speak to him and plead with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 19 16 h3pa 0 entreat him Alternate translation: “plead with him”
JOB 19 17 zq63 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 17 dgg7 figs-metonymy 0 My breath is offensive to my wife Here “breath” represents the smell of his breath. If something is offensive to someone, it means that he hates it. Alternate translation: “My wife hates the smell of my breath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 19 17 ufr3 figs-explicit 0 those who were born from my mother’s womb Job refers to his brothers and sisters this way to imply that they are people who should love him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “my own brothers who should love me” or “my brothers and sisters who should love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 19 18 wi94 0 despise me Alternate translation: “hate me” or “detest me”
@ -1148,7 +1105,6 @@ JOB 19 18 fp7g 0 they speak against me Alternate translation: “they ridicule
JOB 19 19 uf7f 0 All my familiar friends “All my closest friends” or “All of my friends with whom I shared my secrets.” This refers to his closest friends.
JOB 19 19 c1c6 0 abhor me Alternate translation: “think I am disgusting”
JOB 19 19 t7hn 0 have turned against me Alternate translation: “have betrayed me”
JOB 19 20 ca6u 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 20 lt45 0 My bones cling to my skin and to my flesh “I am just skin and bones” or “My skin sticks to my bones.” Job speaks of his bones, skin, and flesh to describe his appearance. He was extremely thin, and people could easily see the shape of his bones. Some languages have idioms for this.
JOB 19 20 ud4z figs-idiom 0 I survive only by the skin of my teeth This idiom means that he is barely surviving, that he almost does not survive. Alternate translation: “I am barely alive” or “I hardly survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 19 21 ux63 0 Have pity upon me Alternate translation: “Have compassion on me”
@ -1156,14 +1112,12 @@ JOB 19 21 tbg5 figs-metonymy 0 for the hand of God has touched me Here “touch
JOB 19 22 g28h figs-rquestion 0 Why do you pursue me … God does? Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “Do not persecute me … God does!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 19 22 c296 figs-rquestion 0 Will you ever be satisfied with my flesh? Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “You have consumed my flesh enough!” or “Stop consuming my flesh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 19 22 y17f figs-metaphor 0 Will you ever be satisfied with my flesh? Job speaks of his friends speaking so cruelly to him as if they were wild beasts eating up another animal. Alternate translation: “Stop violently slandering me.” or “Stop attacking me with your words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 23 gs1m 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 23 r9n7 figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that my words were now written down This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would write down my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 19 23 llm4 0 my words Alternate translation: “what I am saying”
JOB 19 23 ti7g figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that they were inscribed in a book This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would write them in a book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 19 24 a2et figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that with an iron pen and lead they were engraved in the rock forever This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would use an iron pen and lead to carve them in the rock forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 19 24 gz9c 0 an iron pen “an iron chisel.” This was a tool used for writing. It was made of iron so that people could carve words in rock.
JOB 19 24 nd22 0 lead Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lead when carving rock. They may have filled the letters of the inscription with lead in order to make the inscription last longer.
JOB 19 25 b73i 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 25 q57z 0 my Redeemer “My Defender.” Here “Redeemer” refers to a person who will rescue Job by proving Job’s innocence, restoring his honor, and giving him justice.
JOB 19 25 yy3q figs-metonymy 0 at last he will stand on the earth This refers to standing to speak in court. This could mean: (1) the Redeemer will be the last one to speak in the court. Alternate translation: “he will judge whether or not I am guilty” or (2) the Redeemer will stand in this final court to defend Job. Alternate translation: “at last he will defend me in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 19 26 t5gt 0 after my skin … is destroyed Possible meanings are that this refers to: (1) his body being destroyed by disease or (2) his body decaying after he has died.
@ -1171,7 +1125,6 @@ JOB 19 26 p2pl figs-metonymy 0 in my flesh I will see God His flesh represents
JOB 19 27 m1wt figs-synecdoche 0 my own eyes—I, and not someone else The synecdoche “my own eyes” represents Job. The phrases “my eyes” and “and not someone else” emphasize that Job himself will actually see God. It is not that someone else will see God and tell Job about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 19 27 c3pc figs-metaphor 0 My heart fails within me People thought of the heart as being where the emotions are. So the heart failing represents him having very many emotions. Alternate translation: “I am very emotional about it” or “My emotions overwhelm me as I think about that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 27 k566 figs-explicit 0 My heart fails within me This could mean: (1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or (2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 19 28 c2c8 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends.
JOB 19 28 np8p figs-exclamations 0 How we will persecute him! This is an exclamation. This could mean: (1) that they will certainly persecute Job or (2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JOB 19 28 ddd3 figs-metaphor 0 The root of his troubles lies in him The “root” represents the source. Alternate translation: “He is the source of all his troubles” or “He has all these troubles because of what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 19 29 tw35 figs-metonymy 0 then be afraid of the sword Possible meanings are that the sword represents: (1) God judging them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will judge you” or (2) God killing them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1188,37 +1141,31 @@ JOB 20 3 y21q 0 a spirit from my understanding answers me Here “spirit” pr
JOB 20 3 pk2s figs-personification 0 a spirit from my understanding answers me This “spirit” or thought is spoken of as if it were a person that could answer Zophar. Alternate translation: “I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know what I wanted to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 20 3 dt4l figs-explicit 0 a spirit from my understanding answers me The content of the answer can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a thought from my understanding answers me about how I can reply to you” or “I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know how I can reply to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 20 3 dha7 figs-abstractnouns 0 a spirit from my understanding answers me The abstract nouns “spirit” and “understanding” can be expressed with the verbs “think” and “understand.” Alternate translation: “because I understand things, I have thought, and now I know how I can reply to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 20 4 sb6w 0 General Information: Zophar continues speaking with Job.
JOB 20 4 um5p 0 Do you not know this fact from ancient times … man on earth Zophar begins a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say.
JOB 20 5 cr4t 0 Connecting Statement: Zophar finishes the rhetorical question he began in verse 4.
JOB 20 5 nhc5 figs-rquestion 0 the triumph … for a moment? Zophar uses a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. This can be translated as a statement. “Surely you know … man on earth; the triumph … for a moment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 20 5 ubq8 figs-abstractnouns 0 the triumph of a wicked man is short The abstract noun “triumph” can be expressed with the verbs “triumph” or “celebrate.” Alternate translation: “the wicked man triumphs only a short time” or “the wicked person celebrates for only a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 20 5 u62f figs-abstractnouns 0 the joy of a godless man lasts only for a moment The abstract noun “joy” can be expressed with the verb “rejoice” or the adjective “happy.” The word “moment” is an exaggeration to emphasize that the time is very short. Alternate translation: “a godless man rejoices for only a moment” or “the godless man is happy for only a very short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB 20 6 tc5t 0 General Information: Zophar continues speaking to Job.
JOB 20 6 jjd5 figs-abstractnouns 0 Though his height reaches up to the heavens “Though the wicked person’s height reaches up to the heavens.” The abstract noun “height” can be expressed with the adjective “tall.” Alternate translation: “Though he is as tall as the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 20 6 v8z8 figs-metaphor 0 Though his height reaches up to the heavens The wicked man’s height represents either his reputation or his pride. Also, here “reaches up to the heavens” represents being very great. Alternate translation: “Though his reputation is great” or “Though his pride is great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 6 by93 figs-metaphor 0 his head reaches to the clouds “and though his head is as high as the clouds.” This also represents his reputation or pride being great. This means the same as the previous phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 20 7 b9xv figs-simile 0 will perish permanently like his own feces Feces mixes in with the ground and disappears. The reference to feces may also imply that the wicked person is worthless. Alternate translation: “will perish permanently like his feces, which completely disappears in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 20 7 x122 figs-simile 0 will perish permanently like his own feces If people are embarrassed about the word feces, translators may refer to something else that disappears completely. Alternate translation: “will disappear permanently like dust that the wind blows away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 20 8 vvz8 0 General Information: Zophar continues speaking to Job.
JOB 20 8 sfs4 0 He will Alternate translation: “The wicked person will”
JOB 20 8 rep3 figs-parallelism 0 He will fly away like a dream … he will be chased away like a vision of the night Here “fly away” and “be chased away” represent disappearing. They may also imply being forgotten, since dreams and visions disappear when people forget them. Alternate translation: “He will disappear like a dream … he will be forgotten like a vision of the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 20 8 byk9 figs-activepassive 0 will not be found This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will find him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 20 9 xu8t figs-synecdoche 0 The eye that saw him The eye represents a person. Alternate translation: “Anyone who saw him” or “The people who saw him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 20 9 x7cu figs-metonymy 0 his place The phrase “his place” represents those who live in his place. Alternate translation: “the people who live in his place” or “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 20 10 g9wj 0 General Information: Zophar continues speaking to Job.
JOB 20 10 v5ee 0 His children Alternate translation: “The wicked person’s children”
JOB 20 10 lji7 figs-metonymy 0 his hands will have to give back his wealth Here the word “hands” refers to the wicked man’s children. When he dies, his children will have to return everything that he took from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 20 11 re6y figs-synecdoche 0 His bones are full of youthful strength The word “bones” represents his body. Being “full of youthful strength” represents being strong like a young person. Alternate translation: “His body is strong like a young person’s body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 11 je7r figs-metonymy 0 but it will lie down with him in the dust The word “it” refers to his youthful strength. The metonym “lie down … in the dust” represents dying. The strength dying is a metaphor for disappearing. Alternate translation: “but his youthful strength will die with him” or “but his youthful strength will disappear when he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 12 tar1 0 General Information: Zophar continues speaking to Job.
JOB 20 12 w36z figs-metaphor 0 Although wickedness is sweet in his mouth Here “wickedness is sweet” represents a person enjoying doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “Although doing wicked things is pleasurable like tasting sweet food in the mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 12 nj4p figs-metaphor 0 although he hides it under his tongue Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 13 d1n2 0 he holds it there and does not let it go but keeps it still in his mouth Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
JOB 20 14 n7jw figs-metaphor 0 the food in his intestines turns bitter When food turns bitter in the stomach, it causes pain and a bitter taste. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the painful consequences of doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “those wicked things become like food that has turned bitter in the stomach” or “the consequences of those wicked things are painful like food that becomes sour in the stomach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 14 zrn4 figs-metaphor 0 it becomes the poison of asps inside him This image is even worse than sour food in the stomach. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the terrible consequences of doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “the consequences of doing those wicked things are painful like the poison of asps inside him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 14 lnj1 0 asps poisonous snakes
JOB 20 15 zpd6 0 General Information: Zophar continues speaking to Job.
JOB 20 15 hs62 figs-metaphor 0 He swallows down riches … cast them out of his stomach Zophar speaks of gaining and losing wealth as if it were food that a person eats and vomits. Alternate translation: “The wicked person becomes very wealthy, but he loses his wealth like a person who vomits up his food. God causes him to lose it all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 15 r51k figs-metaphor 0 He swallows down riches Here, **swallows down riche** could mean: (1) accumulating riches and storing them selfishly. Alternate translation: “The wicked man gains much wealth and keeps it all for himself” or (2) accumulating riches in wicked ways. Alternate translation: “The wicked man steals many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 15 t47g figs-metonymy 0 God will cast them out of his stomach Here “cast them out of his stomach” is a metonym for causing the man to vomit them. This is a metaphor for causing the man to lose his riches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1227,7 +1174,6 @@ JOB 20 16 l7yk figs-metaphor 0 He will suck the poison of asps Here “suck the
JOB 20 16 dg2b 0 asps poisonous snakes
JOB 20 16 m2pa figs-metonymy 0 the viper’s tongue will kill him The viper is a poisonous snake. Its tongue represents its poisonous bite. Alternate translation: “the viper’s poisonous bite will kill him” or “the viper will bite him and he will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 20 16 rf6c figs-metaphor 0 the viper’s tongue will kill him The viper represents the man’s wickedness. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will kill him like a viper’s bite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 17 lz1d 0 General Information: Zophar continues speaking to Job.
JOB 20 17 nb52 figs-metaphor 0 the streams, the torrents of honey and butter “Streams” and “torrents” are metaphors that represent abundance. “Honey” and “butter” are metonyms that represent the good things that God gives people. Alternate translation: “the abundance of good things that God gives his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 20 18 th8a figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of his labor Normally “the fruit of his labor” simply refers to the results of his labor. In this case it refers to the things the wicked man had stolen. Alternate translation: “the things he had worked to get” or “the things he had stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 20 18 w9e5 figs-metaphor 0 will not be able to eat it Here “to eat” the fruit of his labor represents enjoying the things he had stolen. Alternate translation: “will not be able to enjoy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1235,7 +1181,6 @@ JOB 20 21 e2vt figs-doublenegatives 0 There is nothing left that he did not dev
JOB 20 21 zi35 figs-metaphor 0 There is nothing left that he did not devour Here “devour” represents taking things for himself. Alternate translation: “There is nothing left that he did not take for himself” or “He took everything for himself, and there is nothing left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 22 k3n2 0 he will fall into trouble Alternate translation: “he will suddenly experience trouble”
JOB 20 22 tq3y figs-metonymy 0 the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come against him Here “hand” represents power, and “hand … will come against him” represents people attacking him. The abstract noun “poverty” can be expressed with the adjective “poor.” Alternate translation: “everyone who is in poverty will attack him” or “everyone who is poor will attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 20 23 d3ga 0 General Information: Zophar continues speaking to Job.
JOB 20 23 d4yy figs-metonymy 0 to fill his stomach Here “fill his stomach” is a metonym meaning eat a lot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 20 23 kha9 figs-metaphor 0 God will throw the fierceness of his wrath on him The “fierceness of his wrath” represents God’s anger and punishment. Throwing the punishment on him represents punishing him severely. Alternate translation: “God will be angry and throw down his punishment on him” or “God will be angry and punish him severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 20 23 i6l2 figs-metaphor 0 God will rain it down on him “God will cause it to rain down on him.” Here “rain it down on him” represents causing much punishment to happen to the man. Alternate translation: “God will punish him severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1771,46 +1716,37 @@ JOB 30 31 qj9s figs-metonymy 0 my harp is tuned for songs of mourning Here “m
JOB 30 31 v1kr figs-metonymy 0 my flute for the singing of those who wail Here “my flute” represents Job himself, and also his desire to sing only songs of crying. Alternate translation: “I play only songs of wailing on my flute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 30 31 d2w2 0 wail To wail is to cry very loudly because of terrible sadness or pain.
JOB 31 intro leq9 0 # Job 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement and it is directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>In this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOB 31 1 jz3t 0 General Information: Job continues speaking.
JOB 31 1 ka6e figs-metaphor 0 I have made a covenant with my eyes Job speaks of making a promise about what he would look at as though his eyes were a person and he made a covenant with them. Alternate translation: “I have made a firm promise about what I will look at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 31 1 af9x figs-explicit 0 I have made a covenant with my eyes What job promised can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I made a promise that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” or “I promised that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 31 1 sxi9 figs-rquestion 0 how then should I look with desire on a virgin? Job uses this question to emphasize that he would never break his promise. Alternate translation: “So I certainly will not look with lust at a virgin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 31 2 p7x8 figs-metaphor 0 For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? Job speaks of God’s response to people’s behavior as if it were the portion of an inheritance that God gives. Alternate translation: “For how will God above respond to me? What will the Almighty on high do?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 31 2 ygr6 figs-rquestion 0 For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? Possible meanings are Job uses this question to emphasize: (1) that God will not bless bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will not bless me.” or (2) that God will punish bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will certainly punish me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 31 3 ia4n 0 General Information: Job continues speaking.
JOB 31 4 vf6m figs-metaphor 0 Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? Here “my ways” and “my steps” are metaphors for Job’s behavior. Here “see my ways” and “count all my steps” are metaphors for knowing everything Job does. Job uses this question to emphasize that God does know all he does. Alternate translation: “Certainly God watches me and knows everything that I do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 31 4 n2eh figs-explicit 0 Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? Job may be implying that God should know that Job is righteous and does not deserve calamity and disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 31 5 lu6r 0 General Information: Job continues speaking.
JOB 31 5 zdh8 figs-hypo 0 If I have In 31:5-40 Job describes different situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment. But, he knows that they are not true and he is innocent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 5 a5st figs-metaphor 0 walked with falsehood, if my foot has hurried to deceit Here “walked” and “hurried” are metaphors that represent how Job lived. Alternate translation: “done anything false or purposely deceived anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 31 6 ndj9 figs-metaphor 0 let me be weighed in an even balance People used balances to weigh items and to determine their value. This image represents judging honestly. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let me be judged honestly” or “let God judge me honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 31 7 lz14 figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 7 fm8c figs-metaphor 0 If my step has turned aside from the way Here “my step” is a metaphor for Job’s behavior, and “turned out of the right way” is a metaphor for changing from living right. Alternate translation: “If I have changed from living right” or “If I have stopped doing what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 31 7 r29i figs-metonymy 0 if my heart has gone after my eyes Here “my heart” and “my eyes” are metonyms for what Job desires and sees. The heart going after the eyes is a metaphor for desiring to do what he sees. It is implied that this refers to sinful things that Job sees. Alternate translation: “if I have wanted to do any sinful things that I see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 31 7 tvw5 figs-metaphor 0 if any spot has stuck to my hands This is a metaphor for being guilty. Alternate translation: “if I am guilty of any sin at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 31 8 b7e8 0 then let me sow, and let another eat, and let my crops be uprooted Job is saying that if he really has sinned, then this bad thing should happen to him. He would do the hard work of sowing his fields, but he would not be able to eat any of it.
JOB 31 8 xs19 figs-activepassive 0 let my crops be uprooted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let someone else come and take the harvest from my field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 31 9 n6g7 figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 9 p1yn figs-synecdoche 0 If my heart has been deceived by a woman Here “my heart” represents Job. Here the word “deceived” expresses the idea of “enticed.” The word “woman” expresses the idea of “another man’s wife.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If another man’s wife has enticed me” or “If I have desired another man’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 31 9 rs8z figs-explicit 0 if I have lain in wait at my neighbor’s door It can be stated clearly why he was waiting at his neighbor’s door. Alternate translation: “if I have waited at my neighbor’s door so I could sleep with his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 31 10 ngk5 figs-euphemism 0 then let my wife grind grain for another This could mean: (1) this is an euphemism which means Job is saying may his wife sleep with another man or (2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB 31 11 w7dz figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 11 ds7e 0 For that would be a terrible crime The word “that” refers to Job sleeping with another woman.
JOB 31 11 h8zi figs-activepassive 0 it would be a crime to be punished by judges This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it would be a crime for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 31 12 r4vn figs-metaphor 0 For that is a fire that consumes as far as Abaddon, and it would burn all my harvest to the root Job speaks of the harm that sleeping with another woman causes as if it were a fire that destroys everything. The words “that” and “it” refer to sleeping with another man’s wife. Alternate translation: “For adultery is like a fire that burns up everything from here to Abaddon and that would burn up all my harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 31 12 i923 figs-metaphor 0 consumes as far as Abaddon These words are probably a metaphor for “destroys everything so I have nothing good for the rest of my life,” but you should probably translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 31 12 bn97 figs-metonymy 0 it would burn all my harvest to the root The word “it” here refers to the action sleeping with another man’s wife. This action is a metonym for the punishment that Job would suffer as a result of the action. A fire burning up his harvest is a synecdoche for losing everything he has worked for. Alternate translation: “those who punish me would take away everything I have worked for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 31 13 p9e5 figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 14 s3xg figs-rquestion 0 what then would I do when God rises up to accuse me? When he comes to judge me, how would I answer him? Job uses these questions to emphasize that if God were to judge him, Job would not be able to make himself appear to be good. Alternate translation: “then there would be absolutely nothing I could say to defend myself when God comes to judge me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 31 15 jl2j figs-rquestion 0 Did the one who made me in the womb not make them also? Did not the same one mold us all in the womb? Job uses these questions to emphasize that he is no different from his servants. He implies that God would be angry if Job were to treat his servants as less valuable than himself. Alternate translation: “The one who made me in the womb also made them. He formed us all in the womb.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 31 16 k4ut figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. He does not finish his sentence in verses 16 and 17. Instead he explains in verse 18 why they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 16 yzr5 0 If I have withheld poor people from their desire Alternate translation: “If I have kept poor people from getting what they desire”
JOB 31 16 e9r8 figs-idiom 0 if I have caused the eyes of the widow to grow dim from crying Here “to grow dim” refers to the widow having bad eyesight from crying a lot. Alternate translation: “if I have caused a widow to cry in great sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 31 17 gs2b 0 my morsel Alternate translation: “my food”
JOB 31 18 xz2i figs-genericnoun 0 because from my youth the orphan grew up with me as with a father Here “the orphan” represents orphans in general. Job is describing how he truly treated orphans. Alternate translation: “because even when I was young I took care of orphans like a father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
JOB 31 18 z518 figs-ellipsis 0 because from my youth The phrase “But I have done none of those things” is understood from the context. Alternate translation: “But I have done none of those things, because from my youth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB 31 18 ibm5 figs-hyperbole 0 I have guided his mother, a widow, from my own mother’s womb Job is describing how he truly treated widows. With the phrase “from my own mother’s womb” he uses exaggeration to emphasize that he did this all his life. Alternate translation: “all my life I have guided the orphan’s mother, a widow” or “all my life I have guided widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB 31 19 zh5u figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 20 ut9q figs-synecdoche 0 if his heart has not blessed me The phrase “his heart” represents the poor man who needs clothing. Alternate translation: “if he has not blessed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 31 20 r66u figs-metonymy 0 because he has not been warmed with the wool of my sheep Here “the wool of my sheep” represents blankets or clothing made from the wool of Job’s sheep. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because the wool of my sheep has not warmed him” or “because I have not given him clothing made from the wool of my sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 31 21 mf7q figs-metonymy 0 if I have lifted up my hand against fatherless people Lifting up the hand against someone represents threatening to harm him. Alternate translation: “if I have threatened to harm fatherless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1819,31 +1755,26 @@ JOB 31 21 w7s9 0 in the city gate This is where the important men of the city
JOB 31 21 y72n 0 then bring charges against me This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
JOB 31 22 sqk5 figs-activepassive 0 then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, and let my arm be broken from its joint This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “then let someone tear off my shoulder from the shoulder blade and break my arm from its joint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 31 23 ss4j 0 For I dreaded … his majesty This is the reason that Job did not do any of the wicked things he spoke of in verses 7 through 21.
JOB 31 24 z7ra figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 24 r6lg figs-abstractnouns 0 If I have made gold my hope The abstract noun “hope” can be translated with the verbs “trust” or “hope.” Alternate translation: “If I trusted in gold” or “If I hoped that having a lot of gold would make me secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 31 24 s4sm figs-parallelism 0 if I have said to fine gold, ‘You are what I am confident in’ This line means the same as the previous line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 31 25 bt3p figs-metonymy 0 my hand had gotten many possessions Here “my hand” represents Job’s ability to do things. Alternate translation: “I have gained many possessions by my own ability” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 31 25 sk1t 0 then bring charges against me This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
JOB 31 26 k9a3 figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 26 g5il figs-personification 0 the moon walking Here “walking” represents moving slowly. Alternate translation: “the moon moving across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 31 26 m93p figs-abstractnouns 0 the moon walking in its brightness The abstract noun “brightness” can be expressed with the words “bright” or “brightly.” Alternate translation: “the bright moon moving across the sky” or “the moon moving brightly across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 31 27 qcf6 figs-synecdoche 0 if my heart has been secretly attracted Here “my heart” represents Job. This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if I have been secretly attracted to them” or “if I have secretly desired to worship them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 31 27 wm2t translate-symaction 0 so that my mouth has kissed my hand Here “my mouth” represents Job. This is a sign of love and devotion. Alternate translation: “so that I have kissed my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB 31 28 pwl3 figs-activepassive 0 to be punished by judges This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 31 28 g5xt 0 I would have denied the God who is above Alternate translation: “I would have been unfaithful to the God who is above”
JOB 31 29 wm4x figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 29 b1im figs-abstractnouns 0 at the destruction of anyone who hated me The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “when anyone who hated me was destroyed” or “when bad things happened to anyone who hated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 31 29 p1nt 0 when disaster overtook him Alternate translation: “when he experienced disasters”
JOB 31 29 hvt5 0 then bring charges against me This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
JOB 31 30 w93c figs-synecdoche 0 Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sin Here “my mouth” represents Job speaking. Alternate translation: “Truly I did not let myself sin” or “Truly, I did not sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 31 30 jng4 figs-metonymy 0 by asking for his life with a curse Here “asking for his life with a curse” represents cursing someone’s life so that he will die. Alternate translation: “by cursing him so that he would die” or “by cursing his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 31 31 etk2 figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 31 ng3a figs-metonymy 0 the men of my tent The tent represents Job’s household. The men of his tent includes family members and servants. All of these knew Job well. Alternate translation: “the men of my household” or “my family members and servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 31 31 hwl9 figs-rquestion 0 Who can find one who has not been filled with Job’s food? Job’s men would have used this question to emphasize that Job was generous to everyone. Alternate translation: “Everyone has been filled with Job’s food!” or “Everyone we know of has eaten as much of Job’s food as he wanted!”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 31 32 uns3 figs-metonymy 0 even the foreigner has never had to stay in the city square Job is explaining how he truly treated foreigners. Here “stay in the city square” represents sleeping overnight in the city square. Alternate translation: “foreigners have never had to sleep in the city square” or “foreigners have never had to sleep outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 31 32 h895 figs-metonymy 0 I have always opened my doors to the traveler Here “opened my doors to the traveler” represents welcoming the traveler into his home. Alternate translation: “I have always welcomed the traveler into my home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 31 32 p6kk 0 and if that is not so, then bring charges against me This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
JOB 31 33 w9u3 figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 31 33 sb1q figs-metaphor 0 If … I have hidden my sins Here “have hidden my sins” represents trying to keep people from knowing that he had sinned. Alternate translation: “If … I have tried to keep my sins a secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 31 33 jav4 figs-metaphor 0 by hiding my guilt inside my tunic This represents trying to keep people from knowing that he is guilty. Alternate translation: “by hiding the evidence of my guilt inside my tunic” or “like one who hides the evidence of his guilt inside his tunic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 31 34 b8ml figs-parallelism 0 because I feared the great multitude, because the contempt of families terrified me This would be the reason for hiding his sins. These mean the same thing. They emphasize that a person may hide his sin because he fears what other people may think about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1872,86 +1803,70 @@ JOB 32 5 mm6z figs-metaphor 0 that there was no answer in the mouths of these t
JOB 32 5 xt4n figs-metaphor 0 his anger was kindled This compares Elihu’s anger to someone starting a fire. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 32 6 jj95 figs-you 0 you are very old Here “you” is plural and refers to Job and his three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB 32 7 z9d9 figs-metonymy 0 Length of days should speak; a multitude of years should teach wisdom These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu emphasizes that since older people are wiser than younger people, they should be the first to speak of what they know. Alternate translation: “He who has lived many years should speak; He would is older should teach wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 32 8 m7uf 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job and his friends.
JOB 32 8 le8v figs-parallelism 0 there is a spirit in a man; the breath of the Almighty Both phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that a man’s wisdom comes from God. Alternate translation: “there is a spirit in a man, that is, the breath of the Almighty that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 32 8 tg64 figs-metonymy 0 the breath of the Almighty Here the spirit is represented by “breath.” Alternate translation: “the spirit of the Almighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 32 11 c94u 0 See Elihu uses this word here to draw the mens’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JOB 32 11 vq5w figs-you 0 I waited for your words “I waited to hear what you would say.” The word “your” refers to Job’s friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB 32 12 cem5 0 who could respond to his words Here the word “respond” does not just mean to answer, but to answer with a helpful response.
JOB 32 13 l5ty 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job’s friends.
JOB 32 13 ys9l 0 We have found wisdom This means that they believe that they have figured out what is wise. Alternate translation: “We have discovered what is wise”
JOB 32 13 pwq9 figs-metaphor 0 to defeat Job This speaks of God responding to Job and correcting him as if he were defeating him in battle. Alternate translation: “to refute Job” or “to answer Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 32 14 q8fq 0 with your words Alternate translation: “by saying what you have said”
JOB 32 15 v3nu 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 32 15 gi7d 0 dumbfounded amazed, unable to speak
JOB 32 16 k7n7 figs-rquestion 0 Should I wait because they are not speaking, because they stand there silent and answer no more? Elihu uses a question to emphasize that he will not wait any longer to speak. Elihu answers this question himself in the next verse. Alternate translation: But because you do not speak, I certainly will not wait any longer; you merely stand there and do not reply anymore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 32 17 n3iz 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms.
JOB 32 17 ii5q 0 I also will answer on my part Alternate translation: “I will now take my turn to answer”
JOB 32 18 j46i figs-metaphor 0 I am full of words Elihu speaks of having a lot to say as being full of words. Alternate translation: “I have so much to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 32 18 t9et 0 the spirit in me compels me Alternate translation: “my spirit forces me to say it”
JOB 32 19 l5s6 figs-simile 0 my breast is like fermenting wine that has no vent; like new wineskins, it is ready to burst While wine is fermenting, gas collects in the container. If the gas is not let out the container will burst. Elihu means that he has so much to say that if he does not speak he feels like he will burst. Also, these two phrases are parallel and have the same meaning. Alternate translation: “I feel like my breast is about to burst, like a container of fermenting wine that has no vent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 32 19 a7cz figs-synecdoche 0 my breast is This represents Elihu, specifically his spirit. Alternate translation: “my spirit is” or “I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 32 20 q9qt 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms for emphasis.
JOB 32 20 m29y figs-activepassive 0 I may be refreshed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I may feel better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 32 20 w6zz figs-synecdoche 0 open my lips Here the “lips” represent the mouth. Alternate translation: “open my mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 32 21 mi73 0 neither will I give honorific titles to any man Alternate translation: “neither will I praise any man or give him titles of honor”
JOB 32 22 nb65 0 my Maker This is a name referring to God. Alternate translation: “God who made me”
JOB 32 22 i4r2 figs-euphemism 0 take me away This means that he would destroy him. Alternate translation: “destroy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOB 33 intro t7rx 0 # Job 33 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the first of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This quotation is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s mercy<br>While Job has been complaining about the lack of justice and response from Yahweh, Elihu shows Job that Yahweh has shown him great mercy along the way. He is still alive because of Yahweh’s mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
JOB 33 1 ct2e 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 33 1 m7lu figs-parallelism 0 hear my speech; listen to all my words These two phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that Job must listen carefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 33 2 j572 figs-parallelism 0 I have opened my mouth … my tongue has spoken in my mouth These mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that he is now ready to speak. His “tongue” speaking represents himself speaking. Alternate translation: “I have opened my mouth and I have begun to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 33 3 u1kk figs-synecdoche 0 My words come from the uprightness of my heart Here Elihu refers to himself by his “heart” as he speaks of being upright. Alternate translation: “I will speak with uprightness” or “I will speak with complete honesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 33 3 j6sd figs-synecdoche 0 my lips speak pure knowledge Here Elihu refers to himself by his “lips” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “I will speak sincerely to you the things I know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 33 4 mz8n 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 4 g749 figs-parallelism 0 The Spirit of God … has given me life These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that God has made him and so gives authority to what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 33 5 ikf4 figs-metaphor 0 set your words in order before me and stand up This speaks of Job preparing what he will say as if he were setting up and organizing physical objects. Alternate translation: “prepare what you will say, and stand up and answer me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 6 qrs9 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 6 ie4u 0 See Elihu uses this word here to draw Job’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JOB 33 6 dis8 figs-metaphor 0 I am just as you are in God’s sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “I am just as you are in God’s judgment” or “God judges me the same way that he judges you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 6 ym3b figs-metaphor 0 I also have been formed out of the clay Though people are not made out of clay, God has made everyone as a potter carefully makes things out of clay. Alternate translation: “God has made both of us just as a potter forms things from clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 6 q828 figs-activepassive 0 I also have been formed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has also made me” or “God has formed both of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 33 7 dmb1 0 terror of me will not make you afraid Alternate translation: “you do not need to be afraid of me”
JOB 33 7 y53l figs-metaphor 0 neither will my pressure be heavy upon you This means that he will not hinder Job or burden him. He speaks of emotional burden here as if it were a heavy physical burden. Alternate translation: “neither will I burden you” or “I will not oppress you with what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 8 i9bj 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 8 zu7c 0 in my hearing Alternate translation: “where I could hear you”
JOB 33 8 c2f7 0 I have heard the sound of your words saying Alternate translation: “I have heard you say”
JOB 33 9 f62q figs-metaphor 0 clean A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 9 h3f9 0 there is no sin in me Alternate translation: “I have not sinned”
JOB 33 10 m72b 0 General Information: Elihu continues quoting what he heard Job say.
JOB 33 10 f8tf 0 See The speaker uses this word here to draw attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JOB 33 11 ra4e figs-metaphor 0 He puts my feet in stocks “Stocks” are wooden blocks a jailer puts around a prisoner’s feet to restrict his movement. Job speaks of feeling like he is a prisoner by saying that he is in stocks. Alternate translation: “I feel he has made me a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 11 w3ja figs-metonymy 0 my paths These words refer to where he goes. Here where he goes represents what he does. Alternate translation: “everything that I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 33 12 bbu1 0 I will answer you Elihu is speaking to Job.
JOB 33 13 ki75 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 13 z74q figs-rquestion 0 Why do you struggle against him? Elihu uses this question to emphasize that Job should not struggle against God. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not struggle against God.” or “You should not try to argue with God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 33 13 m749 0 He does not account for any of his doings Alternate translation: “He does not have to explain to us anything he does”
JOB 33 14 gyh6 figs-idiom 0 God speaks once—yes, twice This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “God speaks again and again in different ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 33 15 zz7a figs-parallelism 0 a dream … a vision of the night These phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 33 15 vq5q figs-metaphor 0 when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumber on the bed This speaks of people being in a deep sleep as if the sleep fell upon them or overcame them. Alternate translation: “when people are fully asleep on their bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 16 inq3 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 16 cgu3 figs-metaphor 0 then God opens the ears of men This speaks of God making people aware of things as if he were opening their ears so that they could hear. Alternate translation: “then God reveals things to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 17 qd6y figs-metaphor 0 in order to pull man back from This speaks of God keeping someone from doing something as if he were physically pulling him away from harm. Alternate translation: “in order to keep him from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 18 t4um figs-parallelism 0 God keeps man’s life back from the pit … his life from crossing over to death Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “God saves people from the grave and from death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 33 18 d93m figs-metaphor 0 the pit The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 18 bd6l figs-idiom 0 man’s life back … his life This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “man from dying and … he keeps him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 33 18 lgc1 figs-metonymy 0 from crossing over to death Here “death” represents the place where people go when they die, that is, sheol. Alternate translation: “from going to sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 33 19 bk1d 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 19 pgn6 figs-activepassive 0 Man is punished also This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God also punishes a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 33 19 x9jg figs-explicit 0 with pain on his bed This means that the person is experiencing such pain that he must lie in bed. Alternate translation: “with pain so that he must lie in bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 33 20 ubm9 figs-parallelism 0 so that his life abhors food, and his soul abhors delicacies These two phrases mean basically the same thing, that the person is in so much pain that he cannot even eat. The person is represented by his “life” and his “soul.” Alternate translation: “the result is that he does not desire any food, not even very special food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 33 20 x7zp 0 abhors delicacies Alternate translation: “hates even very special food”
JOB 33 21 g47r 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 21 f64y figs-activepassive 0 His flesh is consumed away so that it cannot be seen; his bones, once not seen, now stick out This can be stated in active form. “His flesh” refers to his fat and muscles, not to his body’s outer skin. Alternate translation: “Disease makes his body weak and thin so that a person can see his bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 33 22 gup8 figs-synecdoche 0 his soul draws close to the pit Here a person is represented by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “he is close to going into the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 33 22 v3zi figs-metaphor 0 the pit The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 22 ne1h figs-synecdoche 0 his life to those who wish to destroy it Here the person is represented by his “life.” The phrase “those who wish to destroy it” refers to the place where people go after they die. Alternate translation: “and he is close to going to the place where dead people go” or “and he will soon go to the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 33 23 r3z1 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 23 kt34 0 for him This does not refer to a specific person. Elihu continues speaking about any person in general.
JOB 33 23 zbw1 translate-numbers 0 one out of a thousand In some languages it may be more natural to refer to “a great number” instead of “a thousand.” Alternate translation: “one from the great number of angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOB 33 24 a1rp figs-metaphor 0 the pit The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 24 es6z figs-explicit 0 I have found a ransom for him This means that the angel has found a way to pay for the sins of the man so that he does not have to die. Alternate translation: “for I have found a way for you to keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 33 25 qs6m 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 25 ze1v 0 Then This word is used here to mark what will happen if God grants the angel’s request. Alternate translation: “Then as a result” or “As a result of the angel’s request to God”
JOB 33 25 mu51 figs-simile 0 his flesh will become fresher than a child’s This speaks of the man being healed and his body growing strong again as if his body became new like a child’s body. Alternate translation: “the sick man’s body will become new again like a young person’s body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 33 25 k7le figs-hyperbole 0 fresher than a child’s In this comparison, the word “fresher” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “fresh like a child’s” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -1960,19 +1875,16 @@ JOB 33 25 s1tk figs-metaphor 0 it is restored to the days of his youth This spe
JOB 33 26 yt2q figs-idiom 0 he sees God’s face with joy This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he joyfully worships God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 33 26 d3zd figs-synecdoche 0 God’s face Here God is represented by his “face.” Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 33 26 ysy8 0 God will give the person his triumph Alternate translation: “God will save the person” or “God will make things right for the person again”
JOB 33 27 ypw2 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 27 t53p figs-activepassive 0 but my sin was not punished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but God did not punish me for sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 33 28 wt12 figs-synecdoche 0 rescued my soul from going down into the pit Here the person is referred to by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “rescued me from dying and going to the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 33 28 u2a3 figs-metaphor 0 the pit The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 28 f6ps figs-metonymy 0 my life will continue to see light Here the person is represented by his “life.” Also, living is spoken of as seeing the light. Alternate translation: “I will continue to live and see the daylight” or “I will continue to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 29 v1ch 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 29 m27i 0 See Elihu uses this word here to draw Job’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JOB 33 29 w47t figs-idiom 0 twice, yes, even three times This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “again and again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 33 30 b2bf figs-synecdoche 0 his soul The person is represented by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 33 30 cik5 figs-metaphor 0 to bring his soul back from the pit This speaks of saving the man from dying as if he had died and was being brought back to life. Alternate translation: “to keep him from dying and going to the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 30 qg5z figs-metaphor 0 the pit The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 30 myd4 figs-activepassive 0 he may be enlightened with the light of life This is an idiom and may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he may be happy to still be alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 33 31 sm1q 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking to Job.
JOB 33 31 z1l9 figs-doublet 0 Pay attention, Job, and listen to me These phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully to me, Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB 33 32 g3l6 figs-idiom 0 that you are in the right This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that you are innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 34 intro b9ku 0 # Job 34 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the second of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job’s statements against him. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s justice<br>Elihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
@ -1981,34 +1893,28 @@ JOB 34 1 yw36 translate-names 0 Elihu See how you translated this man’s name
JOB 34 2 k8a4 0 Listen to my words Alternate translation: “Listen to what I say”
JOB 34 2 zux7 figs-irony 0 you wise men … you who have knowledge Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not think they are actually wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB 34 3 ln8s figs-simile 0 For the ear tries words as the palate tastes food Elihu means people listen carefully to determine what is right or wrong just like we taste food to determine if it is good or bad. Here people are referred to by their “ear” and their “palate” to emphasize that they are tasting and hearing. Alternate translation: “For we listen to words to know what is good and bad, just as we taste foods to know what is good to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 34 4 kw1y 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 34 4 v6hj figs-exclusive 0 Let us Here “us” refers to Elihu, Job, and his three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JOB 34 5 k2e1 0 has taken away my rights Alternate translation: “refused to give me justice”
JOB 34 6 k523 figs-activepassive 0 I am considered to be a liar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God considers me to be a liar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 34 6 i95p figs-metaphor 0 My wound is incurable Here Job’s sickness and suffering is spoken of as if it were a “wound.” Alternate translation: “I am sick and no one can heal me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 34 7 zr9v 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 34 7 nd2a figs-rquestion 0 What man is like Job Elihu uses this rhetorical question to scold Job. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one else like Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 7 glm5 figs-simile 0 who drinks up mockery like water Elihu is accusing Job of mocking others as often as a person drinks water. Alternate translation: “who mocks other people as frequently as he drinks water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 34 8 j3zr figs-metaphor 0 who walks with wicked men Here “walk” is an idiom for how a person acts. Alternate translation: “who behaves like wicked men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 34 10 f3de figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking. Each of these verses contain parallel phrases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 34 10 n22e figs-irony 0 you men of understanding Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not actually think they are wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB 34 10 meh8 figs-parallelism 0 far be it from God … far be it from the Almighty that he should commit sin These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God would never do anything wrong. The phrase “far be it from” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Almighty God would never consider doing anything that is wicked or wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 34 11 ia8g figs-metaphor 0 For he pays back a person’s work This means that he gives to a person what he deserves for the work he has done. Here “work” is a metaphor for what a person does. Alternate translation: “For he gives to a person what he deserves in return for he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 34 11 y31y figs-idiom 0 he makes every man come upon the reward of his own ways The phrase “his own ways” is an idiom for how a person lives his life. Elihu emphasizes that God gives to people what they deserve. Alternate translation: “he causes every man to receive the reward he deserves for how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 34 13 eq51 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 34 13 n1w5 figs-parallelism 0 Who put him in charge over the earth? Who put the whole world under him? Both of these rhetorical questions have the same meaning and emphasize that no one needed to grant God authority because it was already his. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No one needed to give permission to God to take responsibility over all the earth. He is the rightful one to rule the world.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 14 d4kx figs-hypo 0 If he ever Elihu is describing a situation that he does not believe would ever happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOB 34 14 t8rt figs-explicit 0 his spirit and his breath The “spirit” and “breath” of God are what makes all living things alive. Alternate translation: “his spirit and breath which give us life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 34 15 lah1 figs-synecdoche 0 all flesh Here all living things are represented by their “flesh.” Alternate translation: “all living things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 34 15 tmc7 figs-explicit 0 mankind would return to dust again This means that all people would die and their bodies would decay and become soil. In the beginning God created man from the dust. Alternate translation: “the bodies of mankind would soon become soil again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 34 16 ag4g 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 34 16 h7bg 0 now Elihu uses this word to bring attention to something important he is about to say.
JOB 34 16 lpb8 figs-you 0 you have Here “you” is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB 34 16 giw9 figs-parallelism 0 listen to the sound of my words “listen to what I say.” This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 34 17 rc4c figs-rquestion 0 Can one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? Elihu uses this question to rebuke Job for implying that God hates justice. Alternate translation: “One who hates justice cannot be expected to rule over people. So you really cannot criticize God, who is righteous and powerful, and you cannot say that what he has done is wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 17 s1zl figs-rquestion 0 Can one who hates justice govern? The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “no.” This question implies that God could not rule the world if he hated justice. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “One who hates justice cannot govern the world.” or “God could certainly never hate what is right and still rule the world.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 34 17 l8xs figs-rquestion 0 Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that Job does not have the authority or a reason to condemn God. Alternate translation: “You cannot condemn God, who is righteous and mighty!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 18 azg3 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 34 18 n5xx figs-rquestion 0 God, who says to a king, ‘You are vile,’ or says to nobles, ‘You are wicked’? This continues the rhetorical question from the previous verse, emphasizing to Job that he cannot condemn God. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “He says to some kings, ‘You are vile,’ and he says to some nobles, ‘You are wicked.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 18 pa2a figs-ellipsis 0 God, who says to a king This is part of the previous question. The understood words from the previous verse, “will you condemn God,” may be supplied. Alternate translation: “Will you condemn God, who says to a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB 34 18 n3qi 0 vile Alternate translation: “evil” or “worthless”
@ -2021,32 +1927,27 @@ JOB 34 21 syl2 figs-metonymy 0 For God’s eyes are upon a person’s ways God
JOB 34 21 wn28 figs-explicit 0 he sees all his steps This means that he always knows where the person is and where he is going. Alternate translation: “he sees him wherever he goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 34 22 em2w figs-doublet 0 no darkness, no thick gloom The words “thick gloom” mean basically the same thing as, and intensify, the word “darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB 34 23 dy7z 0 in judgment Alternate translation: “so he may judge him” or “to be judged”
JOB 34 24 zb65 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 34 24 hwl1 figs-idiom 0 He breaks mighty men into pieces This speaks of God destroying these men as if he actually broke their bodies into pieces. Alternate translation: “He destroys mighty men” or “He destroys important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 34 24 nyi9 figs-explicit 0 for their ways that need no further investigation He does not need to investigate what they have done because he already knows everything about them. Alternate translation: “without needing to do further investigation, because he already knows their ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 34 24 i96c 0 their ways This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the things they have done”
JOB 34 24 z5n9 figs-explicit 0 he puts others in their places This means that he appoints other people to rule in their positions. Alternate translation: “and he chooses other people to rule in their places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 34 25 hq7v figs-idiom 0 in the night This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when they are not expecting it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 34 25 rxl8 figs-activepassive 0 they are destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and destroys them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 34 26 syc3 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 34 26 mwg7 figs-simile 0 In the open sight of others, he kills them for their wicked deeds like criminals This phrase compares the way that these people die to how criminals die. Alternate translation: “He kills them for their wicked deeds, in the open sight of others as if they were criminals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 34 26 y46j figs-idiom 0 In the open sight of others This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “In a place where everyone can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 34 26 af3k figs-explicit 0 he kills them This speaks of God causing these people to die, though he does not actually strike them with a sword himself. He may cause someone else to kill them or disaster to come upon them. Alternate translation: “he causes them to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 34 27 mv8l figs-idiom 0 his ways This refers to God’s instructions for how people should behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 34 28 d5r1 figs-abstractnouns 0 they made the cry of poor people come to him The word “cry” can be expressed as a verb. This speaks of God hearing their cry as if the cry were a person that came to him. Alternate translation: “they made the poor people cry, and God heard them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 34 29 d8u3 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 34 29 w485 figs-metaphor 0 When he stays silent, who can condemn him? If he hides his face, who can perceive him? These two questions speak of God not punishing wicked people as if he were being silent and hiding his face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 34 29 k61c figs-rquestion 0 When he stays silent, who can condemn him? Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can criticize God if he decides to remain silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 29 j5ex figs-rquestion 0 If he hides his face, who can perceive him? Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can go and see him if he decides to hide his face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 29 pdu7 figs-synecdoche 0 his face Here God is represented by his “face.” Alternate translation: “himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 34 30 n7qw figs-metaphor 0 no one to entrap people This compares a godless ruler harming people as if he were a hunter trapping his prey. Alternate translation: “no one to harm the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 34 31 u1av 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 34 32 u6ly figs-metonymy 0 teach me what I cannot see Here to “see” means to know. Alternate translation: “teach me what I have done wrong that I am not aware of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 34 33 kc72 figs-rquestion 0 Do you think that God will punish that person’s sin, since you dislike what God does? “Since you dislike what God does, do you think that God should punish this person’s sin?” Elihu uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he should not think that God will not punish this man. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Even though you do not like what God does, surely even you do not think that God will punish this person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 33 xdv4 figs-metonymy 0 that person’s sin Here punishing the person because of his sin is referred to as punishing the “person’s sin.” Alternate translation: “that person because of his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 34 33 nw6c 0 since you dislike Alternate translation: “because you dislike”
JOB 34 33 px78 0 what it is that you know Alternate translation: “what you are thinking about this”
JOB 34 34 eu8y 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 34 34 qbs3 0 who hears me Alternate translation: “who hears me speaking”
JOB 34 36 znm7 figs-activepassive 0 If only Job were put on trial in This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If only we could put Job on trial in” or “If only we could take Job to court so a judge could listen to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 34 36 mvs5 figs-idiom 0 in the smallest details of his case This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “to listen to his case thoroughly” or “to hear all of the details of his case” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2068,7 +1969,6 @@ JOB 35 6 s7x4 figs-metaphor 0 If your transgressions pile up high, what do you
JOB 35 7 m97k figs-rquestion 0 If you are righteous, what can you give to him? What will he receive from your hand? The two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing, that Job’s righteousness adds nothing to God. Alternate translation: “If you are righteous, that does not enable you to give anything to him, and there is nothing that he will receive from your hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 35 7 i418 figs-synecdoche 0 receive from your hand Here the word “hand” represents Job. Alternate translation: “receive from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 35 8 fa27 0 another son of man Alternate translation: “another human-being” or “another person”
JOB 35 9 nu68 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 35 9 p9sw figs-abstractnouns 0 Because of many acts of oppression The word “oppression” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “Because of the many things that people do to oppress others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 35 9 zb6t figs-metonymy 0 they call for help from the arms of mighty men Here “arms” refers to power or strength. Alternate translation: “they call for someone to deliver them from the power of mighty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 35 10 f89r figs-metaphor 0 who gives songs in the night Elihu speaks of God enabling people to have hope in troubling circumstances as if he were giving to them songs which they can sing during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2077,7 +1977,6 @@ JOB 35 12 xj4y 0 they cry out Alternate translation: “the oppressed people c
JOB 35 14 di2g figs-exclamations 0 How much less will he answer you … that you are waiting for him! Since God will not hear the prayers of prideful, evil men, it is even less likely that he will hear Job, who is complaining against him. Alternate translation: “So he certainly will not answer you … that you are waiting for him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JOB 35 14 njy6 0 that your case is before him Alternate translation: “you have presented your case to him”
JOB 35 14 c513 0 you are waiting for him Alternate translation: “you are waiting for him to respond”
JOB 35 15 r6hq 0 General Information: Elihu continues speaking.
JOB 35 15 ub2k 0 Now you say that his anger does not punish, and he does not take even a litte notice of transgression Because Job is saying these things about God that are untrue, it is even less likely that God will answer Job’s prayers.
JOB 35 15 kpu8 figs-metonymy 0 his anger does not punish Here “his anger” is a metonym for “him.” Alternate translation: “he never punishes anyone because he is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 35 16 ben3 figs-metaphor 0 he piles up words without knowledge Elihu speaks of “words” as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. The word “knowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “he speaks many words without knowing what he is talking about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -2492,7 +2391,6 @@ JOB 40 23 vbe3 0 banks sides of the river
JOB 40 23 x8nv 0 though the Jordan should surge up to his mouth Alternate translation: “even if the flood of the Jordan should come up to his mouth”
JOB 40 24 uyb7 figs-rquestion 0 Can anyone capture him with a hook … snare? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can capture him with a hook or pierce his nose through with a snare.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 intro et13 0 # Job 41 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation of Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character and to convince Job to repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.
JOB 41 1 hgy7 0 General Information: God continues speaking. He is using many rhetorical questions to challenge Job.
JOB 41 1 tg8a figs-rquestion 0 Can you draw out Leviathan with a fishhook? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot draw out Leviathan with a fishhook.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 1 f9dw 0 draw out pull out of the water
JOB 41 1 li7c figs-ellipsis 0 Or tie up his jaws with a cord? The words “can you” are understood from the previous question. They can be repeated here. God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Or can you tie up his jaws with a cord?” or “And you know that you cannot tie up his jaws with a cord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

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@ -362,7 +362,6 @@ PSA 16 6 ag3m 0 Measuring lines These are ropes that people use to measure a p
PSA 16 6 af57 figs-metaphor 0 surely a pleasing inheritance is mine Here David speaks of Yahweh’s blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. Alternate translation: “I am delighted with all the things that he has given me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 16 8 z682 0 I set Yahweh before me at all times Alternate translation: “I always remember that Yahweh is with me”
PSA 16 8 yj9i figs-activepassive 0 so I will not be shaken from his right hand This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing will take me away from his side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 16 9 in9q 0 General Information: David continues to speak to God.
PSA 16 9 p2bc figs-metonymy 0 my heart is glad Here the “heart” represents the speaker’s thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “Therefore I am glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 16 9 e6e1 0 my glory is rejoicing This could mean: (1) the word “glory” represents the honor a person feels. Alternate translation: “I am honored to rejoice in God” or (2) the word translated “glory” really means “liver” and represents the speaker’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I am rejoicing”
PSA 16 11 b54u 0 abundant joy Alternate translation: “great joy” or “a large amount of joy”
@ -430,7 +429,6 @@ PSA 18 13 dvy3 0 the Most High “the Most High” refers to Yahweh.
PSA 18 14 cw24 figs-parallelism 0 He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies … lightning bolts dispersed them Both of these clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 18 14 h2p3 figs-metaphor 0 He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies Here lighting strikes are being spoken of as if they were arrows (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 18 14 p7tz 0 dispersed them Alternate translation: “sent them in different directions”
PSA 18 15 b39a 0 General Information: The writer continues to speak of Yaweh’s great power.
PSA 18 15 jfu2 figs-parallelism 0 Then the water channels appeared; the foundations of the world were laid bare These two clauses have similar meanings. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the water channels appeared and the bottom of the ocean became visible; you exposed the foundations of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 18 15 a125 figs-personification 0 at the blast of the breath of your nostrils Though God does not have human physical characteristics as described here, this pictures his mighty strength. The wind is spoken of here as if it came as a mighty blast from God’s nostrils. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 18 16 m4pi 0 He reached down … he took hold … He pulled me The word “He” in these verses refers to Yahweh.
@ -712,11 +710,9 @@ PSA 23 1 gb7q figs-litotes 0 I will lack nothing This can be stated in positive
PSA 23 2 ez87 figs-metaphor 0 He makes me to lie down in green pastures The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: He gives me rest like a shepherd who leads his sheep to lie down in green pastures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 23 2 p2p4 figs-metaphor 0 he leads me beside tranquil water The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “he provides what I need like a shepherd who leads his sheep beside tranquil water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 23 2 l7sx 0 tranquil water “calm water” or “water that flows gently.” This water is safe to drink.
PSA 23 3 jdm7 figs-exmetaphor 0 General Information: This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
PSA 23 3 ic3m 0 He brings back my life This means God makes a person who is weak and tired to be strong and rested again.
PSA 23 3 nx5d figs-metaphor 0 he guides me along right paths Showing a person how to live in a way that pleases God is spoken of as if it were a shepherd showing a sheep the right path to take. Alternate translation: “He shows me how to live right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 23 3 ta7y figs-metonymy 0 for his name’s sake The phrase “his name” here refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for his reputation” or “so that people will honor him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 23 4 a7b6 figs-exmetaphor 0 General Information: This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
PSA 23 4 fi66 figs-metaphor 0 Even though I walk through a valley of darkest shadow The writer describes a person experiencing terrible trouble as if he were a sheep walking through a dark and dangerous valley. There a sheep could get lost or attacked by a wild animal. Alternate translation: “Though my life is like walking through a dark and dangerous valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 23 4 me3c figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not fear harm The abstract noun “harm” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid of something harming me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 23 4 hqa2 figs-you 0 you are with me Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -1340,11 +1336,9 @@ PSA 38 1 n1x9 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or
PSA 38 1 nd38 figs-parallelism 0 do not rebuke me in your anger … do not punish me in your wrath These phrases mean basically the same thing and the idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 38 2 z5x4 figs-metaphor 0 your arrows pierce me The severity of Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh had shot arrows into the writer. Alternate translation: “Your punishment is as painful as if you had shot arrows into me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 2 w3fq figs-metaphor 0 your hand presses me down Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh was smashing the writer with his hand. Here, “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “your power knocks me down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 38 3 c6im 0 General Information: David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson.
PSA 38 3 m6l5 figs-synecdoche 0 there is no health in my bones because of my sin Here “my bones” represents the body of the writer. Alternate translation: “my whole body is diseased because of my sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 38 4 m7wm figs-metaphor 0 my iniquities overwhelm me The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they are a flood of water that covers him. Alternate translation: “my iniquities cover me like a flood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 4 p4hm figs-metaphor 0 they are a burden too heavy for me The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he cannot lift. Alternate translation: “they are like a load that is too heavy for me to lift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 5 cy8n 0 General Information: David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson.
PSA 38 5 yf37 figs-explicit 0 My wounds are infected and smell Here “smell” refer to his sores having a bad smell that is associated with rotting flesh. Alternate translation: “My wounds are infected and stink as they rot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 38 6 z27f figs-metaphor 0 I am stooped over The pain of the writer’s wounds have caused him to be bent over as if he were an old, feeble man. Alternate translation: “I am bent over in pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 38 7 b2u7 figs-metaphor 0 I am filled with burning The writer’s is so sick with fever that it is as if he is burning inside. Alternate translation: “My body is burning with fever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1635,12 +1629,10 @@ PSA 45 10 u572 figs-metaphor 0 forget your own people The writer speaks of the
PSA 45 10 zi39 figs-metonymy 0 your father’s house Here the word “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “your relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 45 11 vj28 0 In this way Alternate translation: “and” or “so”
PSA 45 11 tyk3 figs-euphemism 0 the king will desire your beauty This is a polite way to say that the king will want to sleep with the queen as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PSA 45 12 y2m6 0 General Information: The writer continues to speak to the queen.
PSA 45 12 b5qz figs-metaphor 0 The daughter of Tyre The writer speaks of the people who live in Tyre as if they are Tyre’s children. Alternate translation: “The people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 45 13 z961 figs-explicit 0 The royal daughter This is a reference to the woman whom the king will marry. Alternate translation: “The king’s bride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 45 13 fc31 0 all glorious “very beautiful.” This refers to the woman’s appearance.
PSA 45 13 aze7 figs-activepassive 0 her clothing is worked with gold Her clothing is decorated or embroidered with gold. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she wears clothing that someone has embroidered with golden thread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 45 14 chm2 0 General Information: The author continues to speak about the queen but begins to address the king again.
PSA 45 14 v2p3 figs-activepassive 0 She will be led to the king in embroidered dress This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will lead her to the king as she wears an embroidered dress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 45 14 mrv3 0 embroidered a design made by sewing colored threads into cloth
PSA 45 14 ji2m figs-activepassive 0 the virgins, her companions who follow her, will be brought to you Here the word “you” refers to the king. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will bring to you the virgins, her companions who follow her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1759,7 +1751,6 @@ PSA 49 11 zu1i figs-idiom 0 they call their lands after their own names “they
PSA 49 12 ma8l 0 But man, having wealth Alternate translation: “But man, even if he has wealth”
PSA 49 13 chs8 figs-metaphor 0 This, their way, is their folly The writer speaks of the fate of fools as if it is the destination at the end of the path on which they walk. Alternate translation: “This is the fate of those who practice folly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 49 13 aze6 0 yet after them Alternate translation: “yet after they die”
PSA 49 14 z1qc 0 General Information: The author continues to describe people who believe their wealth will save them.
PSA 49 14 yp7j figs-simile 0 Like sheep The writer compares people who will all die to a flock of sheep. Just as sheep cannot escape when the butcher decides to slaughter them, so men will not escape when it is their time to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 49 14 le72 figs-activepassive 0 they are appointed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has appointed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 49 14 jp6p figs-personification 0 death will be their shepherd The writer speaks of men dying by personifying death as a shepherd who leads them into the grave. Alternate translation: “death will take them away as a shepherd leads away sheep to be slaughtered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2229,7 +2220,6 @@ PSA 64 3 ugs8 figs-metaphor 0 arrows, bitter words The writer speaks of his ene
PSA 64 5 blg6 figs-rquestion 0 Who will see us? The evildoers do not expect an answer to their question because they think no one will see them. Alternate translation: “No one will see what we are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 64 6 jn8k figs-metaphor 0 The inner thoughts and hearts of man are deep The writer speaks of man’s “inner thoughts” and “hearts of man” as if they were a deep body of water that no one can explore all the way to the bottom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 64 6 mfc5 figs-doublet 0 inner thoughts … hearts of man Both of these phrases refer to man’s private or inner thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 64 7 g91b 0 General Information: The writer continues to speak of the “evildoers” of [Psalms 64:1](../064/001.md).
PSA 64 7 a77p figs-metaphor 0 But God will shoot them … with his arrows The writer speaks of God’s punishment of the evildoers as if God were shooting arrows at them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 64 8 xs48 figs-metaphor 0 They will be made to stumble The writer speaks of God’s causing the evildoers’ plans to fail as if God were making them stumble in their paths. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will make them stumble” or “God will cause their plans to fail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 64 8 f4zp figs-metonymy 0 since their own tongues are against them Here “tongues” represents the words that they say. Alternate translation: “since the words that they say are against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2357,7 +2347,6 @@ PSA 68 8 br66 figs-parallelism 0 in the presence of God This idiom here refers
PSA 68 9 p896 figs-metaphor 0 you strengthened your inheritance when it was weary The land of Israel is spoken of as if it was a person who could be weary, or could gain strength. Alternate translation: “you caused the land to produce good crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 68 9 h87l figs-metaphor 0 your inheritance The land that God gave to the Israelites is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that a father passed on to his children. Alternate translation: “the land that you gave to us Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 68 10 k4fw figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 68 11 uv8e 0 General Information: David continues the story of the journey of the Israelites through the desert. In this part of the story, the Israelites are victorious in war over their enemies.
PSA 68 11 t91n figs-metaphor 0 those who announced them … army The large number of people told the Lord’s message to others. They are spoken of as if there were a large army. Since this phrase is feminine, some versions translate it as, “the women who announced them … army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 68 12 bm73 figs-synecdoche 0 Kings of armies flee, they flee The kings represent themselves and their entire armies. It is understood that they flee because they are defeated by Israel’s army. Alternate translation: “Kings and their armies flee from us because they are defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 68 12 gj9s 0 plunder things that are taken from the defeated army and brought to the victorious army’s home.
@ -2646,22 +2635,18 @@ PSA 73 3 tu1r figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked The adjective “wicked” can be tr
PSA 73 4 b59h 0 General Information: Asaph begins to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” ([Psalms 73:3](../073/003.md)).
PSA 73 5 uzu7 figs-metonymy 0 the burdens of other men The words “burdens” is a metonym for the struggles of daily life (need for food, shelter, clothing, and health). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 73 5 t5qn 0 they are not afflicted like other men Alternate translation: “they do not suffer the way other people do”
PSA 73 6 kp3l 0 General Information: Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” ([Psalms 73:3](../073/003.md)).
PSA 73 6 r8m8 figs-simile 0 Pride adorns them like a necklace around their neck; violence clothes them like a robe This means the wicked show everyone how proud and violent they are as if they were wearing a necklace or beautiful robe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 73 6 c2uh 0 necklace … robe This refers to things that rich and important people wear.
PSA 73 6 fyb1 0 necklace a chain usually made of gold or jewels that goes around the neck
PSA 73 7 ttd1 figs-metaphor 0 Out of such blindness comes sin Because they are like blind people who cannot see where they are going, they sin without knowing it. Being blind is a metaphor for a person being unable to see how wicked he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 73 7 l8fr figs-metaphor 0 evil thoughts pass through their hearts Here the psalmist describes people’s thoughts as if they were people. He also describes the inner beings of wicked people as if they were a building in which those people could walk. Alternate translation: “in their inner beings they are always thinking about more evil things to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 73 8 alc5 0 General Information: Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” ([Psalms 73:3](../073/003.md)).
PSA 73 8 fmq4 figs-explicit 0 They mock Whom they mock can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They mock God and his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 73 9 b91p figs-metonymy 0 They set their mouth against the heavens Here “their mouth” is a metonym for their speech, and “heavens” is a metonym for God, who lives in the heavens. Alternate translation: “They speak against God, who is in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 73 9 cln7 figs-synecdoche 0 their tongues march through the earth The word “tongues” represents the people themselves. This could mean: (1) “they go through the earth saying bad things about God” or (2) “they go everywhere and boast about themselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 73 10 t3at 0 General Information: Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” ([Psalms 73:3](../073/003.md)).
PSA 73 10 ack4 0 his people turn to them This could mean: (1) “God’s people love the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people return to this place”
PSA 73 10 k4em 0 abundant waters are drained out This could mean: (1) “God’s people listen gladly to the words of the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people have plenty of food to eat and wine to drink”
PSA 73 11 k4v1 0 They say the wicked people say
PSA 73 11 iqv8 figs-rquestion 0 How does God know? Is there knowledge with the Most High? These rhetorical questions are to show contempt for God. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely God does not know what we are doing. The Most High has no knowledge of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 73 13 i3dh 0 General Information: In verses 13 and 14, Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” ([Psalms 73:3](../073/003.md)). In verse 15 he begins to talk about what he is really thinking.
PSA 73 13 m4jl 0 I have The word “I” refers to Asaph.
PSA 73 13 l9bt figs-metaphor 0 guarded my heart Asaph speaks of guarding his heart as if he were guarding a city or building against enemies. Alternate translation: “I have kept my thoughts pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 73 13 v713 figs-metaphor 0 washed my hands in innocence The writer speaks of his purity as if he had washed his hands with innocence instead of with water. See how you translated this in [Psalms 26:6](../026/006.md). Alternate translation: “my actions have remained pure” or “I have washed my hands to show that I am innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2686,7 +2671,6 @@ PSA 73 24 yt7j 0 receive me to glory This could mean: (1) “put me where peop
PSA 73 25 l5a5 figs-rquestion 0 Whom have I in heaven but you? You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one for me in heaven but you!” or “You are the only one I have in heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 73 25 p7l4 0 in heaven Alternate translation: “among the gods” or “among the supernatural beings”
PSA 73 26 u7tm figs-doublet 0 My flesh and my heart These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “My body and my mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PSA 73 27 zd6j 0 General Information: Asaph continues to talk about God.
PSA 73 27 i4nr figs-metaphor 0 Those who are far from you Here the idea of staying far from God is compared to being unwilling to obey him. Alternate translation: “Those who do not want to obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 73 28 s5pl figs-metaphor 0 my refuge The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place to which a person could flee for safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 74 intro nd5v 0 # Psalm 074 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 74 is a psalm of deliverance. The people have been completely conquered and they pray for God to deliver them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### God’s power<br>The enemies have destroyed God’s temple and are insulting the people. God is powerful. He made everything and he chose Israel for his people. He should avenge himself on these enemies that have burnt his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This is called a “Maschil.” The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
@ -2701,7 +2685,6 @@ PSA 74 3 i8hy 0 General Information: These verses describe an actual event, a
PSA 74 3 vn6h 0 Come look Asaph is addressing God, asking him to come look at the destruction.
PSA 74 4 df7h 0 roared The adversaries were shouting loudly with a great cry of victory.
PSA 74 6 sqm2 0 engravings This refers to carvings on wood, metal, or stone in the temple.
PSA 74 7 d2f6 0 General Information: Asaph continues to describe the destruction of the temple.
PSA 74 7 h8rv 0 They … they Here “they” refers to the adversaries mentioned in [Psalms 74:4](../074/004.md).
PSA 74 8 dt7g 0 They … They Here “they” refers to the adversaries mentioned in [Psalms 74:4](../074/004.md).
PSA 74 8 aq36 figs-idiom 0 They said in their hearts This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They said to themselves” or “They thought to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2721,10 +2704,8 @@ PSA 74 13 gap9 figs-explicit 0 You divided … in the waters Asaph is probably
PSA 74 13 ag39 figs-personification 0 You divided the sea by your strength Asaph is speaking of God as if God had a physical body. “You are so strong you were able to make dry land in the middle of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 74 13 r6uh 0 the sea Alternate translation: “the great water”
PSA 74 13 f387 figs-metaphor 0 you smashed the heads of the sea monsters in the waters Asaph is probably speaking of Pharaoh and his army as if they were sea monsters. If possible, translate these words literally. Alternate translation: “when you killed Pharaoh’s army, it was as if you smashed the heads of sea monsters in the waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 74 14 t17u 0 General Information: Asaph continues to speak of what God did long ago. He is probably speaking of when God brought Israel out of Egypt and drowned Pharaoh’s army in the Sea of Reeds. If possible, these words should be translated literally.
PSA 74 14 dzv3 figs-metaphor 0 leviathan Leviathan is a sea monster. It represents a cruel enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 74 15 dqs2 figs-metaphor 0 You broke open springs and streams Yahweh causing springs and streams to flow out of the ground as if he broke open the ground so that they could flow. Alternate translation: “You caused springs and streams to flow out of the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 74 16 i6gg 0 General Information: Asaph continues to recount God’s creative power.
PSA 74 17 h3n1 0 the borders of the earth Alternate translation: “the boundaries of the land and the sea”
PSA 74 18 c6xs 0 General Information: Asaph is pleading for God’s help.
PSA 74 18 g7dq figs-idiom 0 Call to mind “Pay attention to.” See how this is translated in [Psalms 74:2](../074/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2733,7 +2714,6 @@ PSA 74 19 x5rc figs-metaphor 0 the life of your dove Asaph speaks of himself as
PSA 74 19 zrd5 0 dove A small, defenseless bird often kept as a pet.
PSA 74 19 tp9a figs-metaphor 0 a wild animal This phrase may be a metaphor for the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: “a savage enemy that is like a wild animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 74 19 rgi5 figs-litotes 0 Do not forget forever the life of your oppressed people “Do not continue forever to do nothing to help your oppressed people.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Come soon to help your oppressed people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PSA 74 20 y6si 0 General Information: Asaph continues his lament to Yahweh.
PSA 74 20 x6j9 figs-metaphor 0 the dark regions of the land are full of places of violence Asaph speaks of “regions” as if they were containers in which one could put “places of violence.” Alternate translation: “violent people do evil deeds in dark places in the land wherever they can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 74 20 ul6r figs-metaphor 0 the dark regions of the land The word “dark” is probably a metaphor for a place where bad things happen or for the lands to which the Israelites had been sent in exile, but these words should be translated literally if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 74 21 b3w6 0 Do not let the oppressed be turned back in shame Alternate translation: “Do not let wicked people defeat the oppressed and make them ashamed”
@ -2823,7 +2803,6 @@ PSA 77 11 ul2k 0 your wonderful deeds of old Alternate translation: “the won
PSA 77 12 br6v figs-doublet 0 I will ponder all your deeds and will reflect on them. These two phrases express the concept of meditating on what Yahweh has done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 77 12 vsp7 0 ponder think deeply about
PSA 77 12 ju2f 0 reflect on them Alternate translation: “think of what they mean”
PSA 77 13 hk88 0 General Information: The writer continues to speak to Yahweh.
PSA 77 13 tr7z figs-rquestion 0 what god compares to our great God? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no god compares to our great God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 77 14 vh9m figs-abstractnouns 0 revealed your strength among the peoples The abstract noun “strength” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “shown people from many people groups how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 77 15 nc87 0 gave your people victory … the descendants Alternate translation: “gave us, your people, victory … us who are the descendants”
@ -2851,7 +2830,6 @@ PSA 78 1 eqz7 figs-synecdoche 0 the words of my mouth The word “mouth” repr
PSA 78 2 h2db figs-idiom 0 open my mouth in parables The idiom “open my mouth” means to speak. Alternate translation: “speak in parables” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 78 2 z2j2 0 sing about “tell.” See how “pours out” is translated in [Psalms 19:2](../019/002.md).
PSA 78 2 wp1x 0 hidden things If your language has a word for sayings that are purposely difficult to understand, you might use it here.
PSA 78 3 l6qu 0 General Information: Verse 3 continues the sentence begun in verse 2.
PSA 78 4 ypn2 0 We will not keep them from their descendants This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will certainly tell our descendants about them”
PSA 78 4 n25r 0 the praiseworthy deeds of Yahweh Alternate translation: “the things we praise Yahweh for”
PSA 78 5 py7k 0 he established Alternate translation: “Yahweh established”
@ -2893,7 +2871,6 @@ PSA 78 31 sne1 0 Then while the food was still in their mouths ([Psalms 78:31]
PSA 78 31 pz58 figs-personification 0 God’s anger attacked them “God was angry and attacked them.” See how “his anger attacked Israel” is translated in [Psalms 78:21](../078/021.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 78 31 qn52 figs-euphemism 0 brought down This is a euphemism that means he caused them to die. Alternate translation: “killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PSA 78 32 lg44 figs-metonymy 0 did not believe his wonderful deeds The word “deeds” is a metonym for God, who did the deeds. What they did not believe can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “did not believe that he would take care of them even though he had done such wonderful deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 78 33 wg5l 0 General Information: The writer continues telling of what God did to the Israelites.
PSA 78 33 k4p9 figs-euphemism 0 cut short their days Here the word “days” refers to a lifetime. The idiom “to cut short … days” means to cause someone to die before they have lived a long life. Alternate translation: “killed them while they were still young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PSA 78 33 b6nk figs-metaphor 0 their years were filled with terror Asaph speaks of years as if they were containers. Alternate translation: “year after year they were afraid all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 78 34 njc9 figs-idiom 0 to seek him to ask him what they needed to do so he would protect them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2924,7 +2901,6 @@ PSA 78 46 ze3g 0 gave their crops to the grasshopper and their labor to the lo
PSA 78 46 wy2b 0 grasshopper a plant-eating insect with long legs used for jumping
PSA 78 46 w8fu figs-metaphor 0 He gave their crops to the grasshopper Asaph speaks of the crops as a gift that God gave to the grasshoppers. Alternate translation: “He allowed the grasshopper to eat their crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 78 46 n1cm figs-metaphor 0 their labor to the locust “he gave their labor to the locust.” Asaph speaks of the people’s labor as if it were a gift that God gave to the grasshoppers. The word “labor” is a metonym for the crops that their labor had produced. Alternate translation: “he allowed the locusts to eat the crops they had worked so hard to produce” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 78 47 wa4x 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians.
PSA 78 47 kzp7 0 sycamore a tree that gives fruit
PSA 78 48 m24k 0 lightning bolts lightning that makes loud thunder
PSA 78 48 w4nt 0 He rained hail Alternate translation: “He brought hail” or “He caused hail to fall”
@ -2933,29 +2909,22 @@ PSA 78 49 f8zm 0 The fierceness of his anger Alternate translation: “His fie
PSA 78 49 qct3 0 lashed out against them Alternate translation: “attacked them when they were not expecting anything to happen”
PSA 78 49 eh6a figs-personification 0 He sent wrath, fury, and trouble like agents who bring disaster Asaph speaks of wrath, fury, and trouble as though they are people God can send to do his work for him. Alternate translation: “He was so angry that he wanted to harm the Egyptians, so he made trouble for them and brought them to disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 78 49 p12j 0 fury anger that makes someone want to harm others
PSA 78 50 wz8d 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians.
PSA 78 50 fr3i figs-metaphor 0 He leveled a path for his anger The psalmist speaks of anger as if it were a person who could walk Yahweh getting ready to punish the people as if he were making a smooth road for a person to walk on. Alternate translation: “He was so angry that he did everything he could to harm them” or “It was as if his anger was an army and he made a smooth road for it to march on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 78 50 p57t 0 he did not spare them from death Alternate translation: “he did not keep the Egyptians from dying” or “he did not permit the Egyptians to live”
PSA 78 50 d3e4 figs-metaphor 0 gave them over to the plague Asaph speaks of the plague as if it were a person who was going to harm the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “he made them all very ill with the plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 78 51 kng7 figs-idiom 0 the firstborn of their strength This phrase refers to the firstborn males of each family. Alternate translation: “the firstborn males” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 78 51 a3cw figs-metonymy 0 in the tents of Ham Here the word “tents” is a metonym for families. The word “Ham” refers to Egypt by the name of their ancestor. Alternate translation: “among the families of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 78 52 s28c 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
PSA 78 52 bep8 figs-simile 0 like sheep … like a flock The writer speaks about the Israelites as if they were sheep. This means God cared for and protected the people like a shepherd does his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 78 53 fxw6 0 overwhelmed completely covered
PSA 78 54 w66a 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
PSA 78 54 bzp1 figs-metonymy 0 his right hand acquired The words “right hand” are a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “he won for himself using his own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 78 55 er9f 0 assigned them their inheritance This could mean: (1) God assigned the Israelites their inheritance in the land in which the other nations had once lived or (2) God assigned to the nations he had driven out an inheritance somewhere else. “gave them land that would always be theirs”
PSA 78 55 ph3l figs-idiom 0 in their tents This could mean: (1) he settled Israel in their own tents in the land or (2) he settled Israel in the tents from which he had driven the other nations. Most of these “tents” were actually houses, both when the other nations lived in them and when the Israelites lived in them. Alternate translation: “in their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 78 56 ft4l 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
PSA 78 56 be26 figs-doublet 0 challenged and defied These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not believe that God would either provide for them or punish evil as he had said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 78 56 n34f 0 challenged They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this idea in [Psalms 78:18](../078/018.md).
PSA 78 56 wzz7 0 defied refused to obey
PSA 78 57 dcj9 figs-doublet 0 were unfaithful and acted treacherously These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not do for God what they had said they would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 78 58 s4jj 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
PSA 78 58 um4c figs-parallelism 0 made him angry with their high places and provoked him to jealous anger with their idols These two phrases are in parallel and have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 78 60 g4ie 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
PSA 78 61 l5jm figs-metonymy 0 He allowed his strength to be captured and gave his glory into the enemy’s hand Asaph speaks of God’s strength and glory as if they were physical objects that people could capture and hold. The words “strength” and “glory” are probably mentonyms for the ark of the covenant. The word “hand” is a metonym for the enemy’s power. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He allowed his enemies to capture the glorious ark of his covenant; he simply gave it to them so they could do whatever they wanted with it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 78 62 af4s 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
PSA 78 62 j359 figs-metaphor 0 He handed his people over to the sword Asaph speaks of God’s people as if they were a small object God would give as a gift, and of the sword, a metonym for death in war, as if it were a person who could receive a gift. Alternate translation: “He allowed people to kill all his people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 78 62 tj9q 0 he was angry with his heritage Alternate translation: “he was angry with the people he had said would be his forever”
PSA 78 63 zrz5 figs-metaphor 0 Fire devoured their young men This could mean: (1) “The enemy used fire to kill all their young men” or (2) “Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass.” Do not communicate that these people used guns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2966,13 +2935,11 @@ PSA 78 64 zgw6 0 their widows could not weep This could mean: (1) someone forc
PSA 78 64 cve4 0 widows women whose husbands have died
PSA 78 65 p4ds figs-metaphor 0 the Lord awakened as one from sleep The Lord not acting for a period of time is spoken of as if he were asleep, and his beginning to act is spoken of as if he awakened. Alternate translation: “the Lord began to act as if he had awakened from sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 78 65 ny1d 0 like a warrior who shouts because of wine This could mean: (1) like a warrior who had drunk too much wine and has become angry because he was awakened and so wants to fight or (2) like a warrior who drank much wine but is now able to think and fight well because he has slept.
PSA 78 67 wl1g 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
PSA 78 67 rr45 figs-metonymy 0 the tent of Joseph Here the word “tent” is a metonym for a family. In this phrase it refers to the descendants of Joseph. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 78 67 fzh7 0 Joseph … Ephraim Ephraim was Joseph’s son.
PSA 78 68 as8e 0 Judah … Mount Zion Mount Zion was in the land where the tribe of Judah lived.
PSA 78 69 dkr9 figs-simile 0 He built his sanctuary like the heavens This simile could mean: (1) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as high as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary high, like the heavens” or (2) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as permanent as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the heavens last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 78 69 bq5q figs-ellipsis 0 like the earth The verb may be supplied from the previous line. The writer compares the permanence of Yahweh’s sanctuary to the permanence of the earth. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the earth lasts permanently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 78 70 w3bv 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did
PSA 78 70 c6qm figs-explicit 0 from the sheepfolds “from where he was working in the sheepfolds” [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]
PSA 78 70 c6y9 0 sheepfolds spaces with walls around them where sheep are kept safe
PSA 78 71 x189 figs-metaphor 0 to be shepherd of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage The word “shepherd” is a metaphor for one who leads and protects other people. Alternate translation: “to lead and protect the descendants of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3023,12 +2990,10 @@ PSA 80 3 yn32 figs-metaphor 0 make your face shine on us The writer speaks of Y
PSA 80 3 h5vg figs-activepassive 0 and we will be saved This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “and please save us” or “so that you can save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 80 4 h8am 0 your people Israel
PSA 80 5 xu1m figs-metaphor 0 You have fed them with the bread of tears and given them tears to drink in great quantities The words “bread of tears” and “tears to drink” are metaphors for continual sadness. Alternate translation: “You have made sure that they are very sad all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 80 7 p7tt 0 General Information: Asaph is speaking on behalf of the people of Israel. He begins in verse 8 to speak of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man who cleared ground and planted a grapevine. The image of the grapevine continues through verse 16.
PSA 80 7 m1s6 figs-metaphor 0 make your face shine on us The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 80:3](../080/003.md). Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 80 7 s2tp figs-activepassive 0 we will be saved This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 80 8 wf8l figs-metaphor 0 You brought a vine out of Egypt Asaph compares the nation of Israel to a vine made ready to transplant. Alternate translation: “You brought us, like a vine, out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 80 8 bze6 figs-metaphor 0 you drove out nations and transplanted it The psalmist speaks of his people as if they were a plant that Yahweh was transplanting. Alternate translation: “you drove out nations from their land and gave it to us, the vine, and planted us there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 80 9 p51x figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Asaph continues speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 80 9 da43 0 You cleared the land for it Alternate translation: “You cleared the land for the vine”
PSA 80 9 z9lb 0 it took root Alternate translation: “the vine took root” or “the vine began to grow”
PSA 80 9 g1jw 0 filled the land Alternate translation: “its branches covered the land”
@ -3037,7 +3002,6 @@ PSA 80 10 bmv4 figs-ellipsis 0 the cedars of God by its branches “and the ced
PSA 80 10 rx8y 0 cedars of God This could mean: (1) “the highest cedar trees,” the cedar trees that grew on the “mountains” in the land of Lebanon north of Israel, or (2) “God’s own cedar trees.”
PSA 80 11 x87h 0 the sea the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Israel
PSA 80 11 rmb1 0 shoots the parts of new plants that are just starting to grow above the ground
PSA 80 12 un6e 0 General Information: Asaph continues speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard.
PSA 80 12 fi84 0 its walls walls of stone, not of wood
PSA 80 13 pyu2 translate-unknown 0 boars wild pigs that ruin gardens and farms and attack people. If your readers do not know what these are, use the word for a wild animal that ruins gardens and farms and attacks people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
PSA 80 13 l9qw 0 forest land where there are many trees
@ -3128,7 +3092,6 @@ PSA 83 3 h1c2 0 your protected ones “those whom you protect.” This refers
PSA 83 4 fk1e figs-metonymy 0 the name of Israel will no longer be remembered Here “name” represents a reputation or the memory of someone. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever remember the Israelites existed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 83 5 ygx6 0 They schemed together with one strategy Alternate translation: “Your enemies have agreed together with one plan”
PSA 83 5 nn8v 0 they made an alliance against you Alternate translation: “they have joined together against you”
PSA 83 6 gj4d 0 General Information: The writer continues to list the people groups who want to destroy Israel.
PSA 83 6 nv9e figs-metonymy 0 the tents of Edom This refers to the people of Edom who lived in tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 83 6 mn94 translate-names 0 Hagrites This is the name of a people group that lived on the east side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PSA 83 7 sfe5 figs-metonymy 0 Gebal, Ammon, Amalek … Philistia These all represent the people of each area or tribe. Alternate translation: “the people of Gebal, the Ammonites, the Amalekites … the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -3142,7 +3105,6 @@ PSA 83 9 ic8x translate-names 0 Sisera … Jabin These are names of men. Jabin
PSA 83 9 ed1d translate-names 0 Kishon River This is the name of a river in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PSA 83 10 m286 translate-names 0 Endor This is the name of a town in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PSA 83 10 brp3 figs-simile 0 became like manure for the earth This means the bodies of Sisera and Jabin were not buried but were left to rot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PSA 83 11 pes3 figs-explicit 0 General Information: The writer continues to remind God of other enemies he has defeated for Israel in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 83 11 d9z1 translate-names 0 Oreb … Zeeb … Zebah … Zalmunna These are all names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PSA 83 12 iu21 0 They said Here “They” refers to Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah and Zalmunna.
PSA 83 12 umg2 figs-metaphor 0 the pastures of God This speaks about the land of Israel as if it were land for sheep to graze and God were the shepherd watching over it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3562,7 +3524,6 @@ PSA 94 7 rs53 0 the God of Jacob does not take notice of it Alternate translat
PSA 94 8 iz57 0 General Information: The writer now instructs the wicked people.
PSA 94 8 ybz4 figs-rquestion 0 when will you ever learn? This rhetorical question emphasizes the anger of the writer with the wicked people he is speaking to. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “stop your foolish ways!” or “learn from your mistakes!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 94 9 b851 figs-rquestion 0 He who made the ear, does he not hear? He who formed the eye, does he not see? These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements or commands. Alternate translation: “God made ears, so he can hear. God made eyes, so he can see.” or “God made ears, so stop acting as if he does not hear. God made eyes, so stop acting as if he does not see.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 94 10 p12i 0 General Information: The writer continues instructing the wicked people.
PSA 94 10 ig2v figs-rquestion 0 He who disciplines the nations, does he not correct? This question can be translated as a statement. It is implied that Yahweh corrects his people. Alternate translation: “You know that Yahweh corrects the nations, so you can be sure that he will correct his people!” or “he will punish his people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 94 10 ex2w figs-litotes 0 does he not correct This can be stated in positive form. This could mean: (1) God corrects. Alternate translation: “he corrects” or (2) God punishes. “he punishes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PSA 94 11 s3c6 figs-metaphor 0 that they are vapor Here the thoughts of men are compared to vapor or steam that disappears into the air. This metaphor shows how unimportant and useless they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3610,7 +3571,6 @@ PSA 95 8 g9zt 0 harden your heart Alternate translation: “become stubborn”
PSA 95 8 a62x translate-names 0 Meribah,…Massah These are places in the desert that Moses named because the Israelites rebelled against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 95 9 z4ax figs-metaphor 0 tested me … tried me These two phrases are both metaphors for the people seeing how much evil they could do before Yahweh would punish them. The phrases say basically the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “tested me” or “wanted to see if they could do evil things without my punishing them … tested whether I would continue to be patient with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 95 9 tdc4 0 my deeds Alternate translation: “the amazing things I had done”
PSA 95 10 n2cd 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking directly to his people.
PSA 95 10 ms7t translate-numbers 0 forty years “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
PSA 95 10 mu82 0 that generation Alternate translation: “all of those people” or “that entire generation of people”
PSA 95 10 ejg1 figs-metaphor 0 wander astray God speaks of the people as if they were sheep, which will go wherever they want to and not stay near their shepherd. Alternate translation: “move away from me” or “go their own way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -4190,7 +4150,6 @@ PSA 110 intro h1ti 0 # Psalm 110 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psa
PSA 110 1 u94e writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 110 1 xte6 figs-idiom 0 Sit at my right hand The phrase “my right hand” refers to the place of honor. Alternate translation: “Sit at the place of honor which I have for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 110 1 ke66 figs-metaphor 0 make your enemies your footstool Here David describes Yahweh placing his master’s enemies under his power and control as putting them under his feet like a footstool. Alternate translation: “put your enemies under your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 110 2 m67u 0 General Information: David continues speaking to the king.
PSA 110 2 pjk3 figs-explicit 0 Yahweh will hold out the scepter of your strength Here David speaks of Yahweh extending the area that the king rules as holding out his scepter. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will extend the area over which you powerfully rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 110 2 s6mj 0 rule among your enemies “King, rule among your enemies.” This is spoken to the king as a command.
PSA 110 3 v9sn 0 of their own free will “by their own choice.” This means that they will chose to follow the king.
@ -4233,14 +4192,11 @@ PSA 112 intro s165 0 # Psalm 112 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psa
PSA 112 1 m17p writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 112 1 s1nc 0 greatly delights Alternate translation: “takes great pleasure”
PSA 112 2 yd3e figs-activepassive 0 the descendants of the godly man will be blessed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless the descendants of the godly man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 112 3 n3wd 0 General Information: The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh.
PSA 112 3 uu3p figs-metonymy 0 Wealth and riches are in his house Here the word “house” represents the family. The words “Wealth” and “riches” mean basically the same thing and indicate an abundance of wealth. Alternate translation: “His family is very wealthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 112 4 kw55 figs-metaphor 0 Light shines in the darkness for the godly person The writer speaks of God blessing the godly person in difficult times as if it were a light shining in darkness. Alternate translation: “The blessings that a godly person receives from God are like a light that shines in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 112 5 q9qm figs-ellipsis 0 lends money The understood information can be made clear. Alternate translation: “lends his money to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 112 6 p13c 0 General Information: The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh.
PSA 112 6 vvk4 figs-activepassive 0 For he will never be moved he will not be troubled or overwhelmed by circumstances for his trust is in Yahweh? This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For nothing will ever move him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 112 6 d3ji figs-activepassive 0 the righteous person will be remembered forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will remember the righteous person forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 112 8 p92s 0 General Information: The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh.
PSA 112 8 b8q2 figs-synecdoche 0 His heart is tranquil “His heart is supported.” Here the word “heart” refers to the person. This could mean: (1) “He is at peace” or (2) “He is confident” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 112 9 yw9m 0 his righteousness endures forever “his righteous deeds will endure forever.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 112:3](../112/003.md).
PSA 112 9 d44a figs-activepassive 0 he will be exalted with honor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will exalt him by giving him honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -4306,35 +4262,28 @@ PSA 115 18 m43y 0 But we The word “we” refers to the people of Israel who
PSA 116 intro r7gl 0 # Psalm 116 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 116 is a psalm of praise for saving the psalmist’s life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Healing<br>The author was very sick and expected to die but God healed him. So he will pay his vow and sacrifice an offering of thanks. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
PSA 116 1 y25k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 116 1 w8ar figs-synecdoche 0 he hears my voice and my pleas for mercy Here the word “voice” represents the person who is speaking. The abstract nouns “pleas” and “mercy” can be stated as “plead” and “merciful.” Alternate translation: “he hears me when I plead for him to be merciful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 116 3 vib3 0 General Information: The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.
PSA 116 3 mte5 figs-personification 0 The cords of death surrounded me The writer speaks of death as if it were a person who could capture him and bind him with ropes. See how you translated this in [Psalms 18:4](../018/004.md). Alternate translation: “I felt like I was about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 116 3 w8sp figs-personification 0 the snares of Sheol confronted me The writer speaks of “Sheol,” the place of the dead, as if it were a person who could trap him with snares. Alternate translation: “I felt as if I were ready to enter the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 116 4 sp5a figs-metonymy 0 called on the name of Yahweh Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “called out to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 116 4 uq14 figs-synecdoche 0 rescue my life Here the word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “rescue me” or “keep me from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 116 5 u5i7 0 General Information: The person who made this song continues to speak.
PSA 116 6 wd2c figs-nominaladj 0 the naive This refers to people who are inexperienced or who cannot care for themselves. The adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “those who are naive” or “those who are helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PSA 116 6 ll37 figs-metaphor 0 I was brought low The writer speaks of being humbled as in being in a lower position. Alternate translation: “I was helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 116 7 xns9 0 General Information: The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.
PSA 116 7 sc4h figs-metaphor 0 My soul can return to its resting place The writer speaks of having peace and confidence as if it were a place where his soul can rest. The word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “I can rest in peace again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PSA 116 8 x6na figs-metonymy 0 you rescued my life from death Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh. The word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “you have saved me from death” or “you have kept me from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 116 8 i9p2 figs-ellipsis 0 my eyes from tears The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “you have rescued my eyes from tears” or “you have kept me from crying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 116 8 b6lj figs-synecdoche 0 my feet from stumbling The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. The feet here represent the person. Stumbling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. Alternate translation: “you have rescued me from stumbling” or “you have kept me from being killed by my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PSA 116 9 rz6b 0 General Information: The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.
PSA 116 9 nz3e 0 in the land of the living “in this world where people are alive.” This is in contrast to the place of the dead.
PSA 116 10 v8l2 figs-activepassive 0 I am greatly afflicted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I suffer greatly” or “People afflict me very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 116 11 i5hw 0 In my confusion I said Alternate translation: “I said too quickly” or “I said without considering”
PSA 116 11 m4td 0 All men are liars Alternate translation: “Every person is a liar” or “All people are liars”
PSA 116 12 e1wh 0 General Information: The person who made this song continues to speak.
PSA 116 12 vxb4 figs-rquestion 0 How can I repay Yahweh … to me? The writer asks this leading question to introduce how he will respond to what Yahweh has done for him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is how I will repay Yahweh … to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PSA 116 13 s8vs figs-explicit 0 I will raise the cup of salvation This is probably a reference to a drink offering, which was a sacrifice that involved pouring wine on the altar, and which the writer will offer in response to Yahweh saving him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will present a drink offering to Yahweh because he saved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 116 13 fa8n figs-metonymy 0 call on the name of Yahweh Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “call on Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 116 15 brj4 figs-explicit 0 Precious in the sight of Yahweh is the death of his faithful ones The word “Precious” here does not imply that Yahweh values the death of his saints, but that the death of his saints is costly to him and grieves him. Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh considers the death of his saints to be a costly thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 116 16 gx5d 0 General Information: The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.
PSA 116 16 xp66 figs-explicit 0 the son of your servant woman This is likely a reference to the writer’s mother and indicates that she faithfully worshiped Yahweh. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “as my mother was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PSA 116 16 r6jc figs-metaphor 0 you have taken away my bonds The writer speaks of being in danger of dying as if he had been chained in prison. Alternate translation: “you have saved me from death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 116 17 nqi1 0 the sacrifice of thanksgiving Alternate translation: “a sacrifice to express my thankfulness”
PSA 116 17 qr1l figs-metonymy 0 will call on the name of Yahweh Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “will call on Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 116 18 tj19 0 General Information: The person who made this song continues to speak.
PSA 116 18 ttr5 0 I will fulfill … all his people See how you translated [Psalms 116:14](../116/014.md).
PSA 116 19 u16b figs-metonymy 0 in the courts of Yahweh’s house The word “house” refers to Yahweh’s temple. Alternate translation: “in the courtyards of Yahweh’s temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 116 19 hv6v figs-personification 0 in your midst, Jerusalem The writer speaks to Jerusalem as though it were a person. Alternate translation: “in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

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6
en_tn_20-PRO.tsv
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@ -51,12 +51,10 @@ PRO 1 21 ggk1 0 at the head of the noisy streets This could mean: (1) “head
PRO 1 22 jk3x figs-rquestion 0 How long, you naive people, will you love being naive? Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 1 22 v3nj 0 naive inexperienced or immature
PRO 1 22 j83h figs-rquestion 0 How long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge? Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 1 23 v9un figs-personification 0 General Information: Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 1 23 uv1b 0 Pay attention Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
PRO 1 23 t4c9 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out my thoughts to you Wisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 1 23 c7ci 0 I will make my words known to you Alternate translation: “I will tell you what I think”
PRO 1 24 i835 figs-idiom 0 I reached out with my hand This phrase is an idiom that means to beckon someone or to invite a person to come. Alternate translation: “I invited you to come to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 1 26 y4fk 0 General Information: Wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who ignore her.
PRO 1 26 r8lx grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 I will laugh This can be stated with the word “therefore” to show that the woman wisdom laughs at them because they ignored her. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will laugh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
PRO 1 26 p97h 0 at your calamity Alternate translation: “when bad things happen to you”
PRO 1 27 kd9m figs-simile 0 when your fearful dread comes like a storm … like a whirlwind … come upon you Terrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -108,7 +106,6 @@ PRO 2 14 e571 0 They rejoice “They” refers to the same people as in [Prove
PRO 2 14 t4yz figs-parallelism 0 delight in the perversities of evil This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “delight in doing what they know is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO 2 15 jpq2 figs-metaphor 0 They follow crooked paths People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “They deceive other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 2 15 lsl5 figs-metaphor 0 using deception they hide their tracks People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. Alternate translation: “they lie so that no one will know what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 2 16 erj5 0 General Information: The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him.
PRO 2 16 p5k9 figs-personification 0 Wisdom and discretion will save you The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 2 17 c2iu 0 the companion of her youth This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
PRO 2 17 awb4 0 the covenant of her God This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
@ -188,7 +185,6 @@ PRO 4 2 paf3 0 I am giving you good instructions Alternate translation: “Wha
PRO 4 3 y999 figs-explicit 0 When I was a son of my father This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his father’s care. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 4 3 n5ke figs-hendiadys 0 the tender and only child Here the word “tender” refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word “only.” Alternate translation: “the tender only child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
PRO 4 4 b7y3 figs-metonymy 0 Let your heart hold fast to my words Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. Alternate translation: “Always remember what I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 4 5 rat9 0 General Information: The father continues to teach his children what his father taught him.
PRO 4 5 ft42 0 Acquire wisdom Alternate translation: “Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom” or “Get wisdom”
PRO 4 5 fb3y 0 do not forget Alternate translation: “remember”
PRO 4 5 m3uv 0 do not reject Alternate translation: “accept”
@ -492,7 +488,6 @@ PRO 8 22 xu3p 0 the first of his deeds then Alternate translation: “I was th
PRO 8 23 mh2d 0 In ages long ago Alternate translation: “Very long ago”
PRO 8 23 v4tq 0 ages The word “age” refers to a general, extended period of time.
PRO 8 23 mth7 figs-abstractnouns 0 from the beginnings of the earth The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 8 24 ii7e figs-personification 0 General Information: Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 8 25 u2m1 figs-activepassive 0 Before the mountains were settled “Before the bases of the mountains were put into place.” This can also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 8 26 z5y4 figs-personification 0 I was born This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 8 26 asn5 0 was born Alternate translation: “I was alive”
@ -500,7 +495,6 @@ PRO 8 27 nk15 figs-personification 0 I was there This is wisdom speaking about
PRO 8 27 z8lx 0 established To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. Alternate translation: “created” or “made”
PRO 8 27 b5db figs-explicit 0 when he drew a circle on the surface of the deep This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate translation: “when he marked on the ocean’s surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO 8 27 ae6e 0 the deep Alternate translation: “the ocean”
PRO 8 28 q6zz figs-personification 0 General Information: Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO 8 28 wnj8 0 established brought into permanent being
PRO 8 28 z2v2 figs-activepassive 0 when the springs in the deep became fixed This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God fixed the springs in the deep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 8 28 zv8f 0 the springs in the deep The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
51 PRO 1 22 jk3x figs-rquestion 0 How long, you naive people, will you love being naive? Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
52 PRO 1 22 v3nj 0 naive inexperienced or immature
53 PRO 1 22 j83h figs-rquestion 0 How long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge? Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 1 23 v9un figs-personification 0 General Information: Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
54 PRO 1 23 uv1b 0 Pay attention Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
55 PRO 1 23 t4c9 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out my thoughts to you Wisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56 PRO 1 23 c7ci 0 I will make my words known to you Alternate translation: “I will tell you what I think”
57 PRO 1 24 i835 figs-idiom 0 I reached out with my hand This phrase is an idiom that means to beckon someone or to invite a person to come. Alternate translation: “I invited you to come to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 1 26 y4fk 0 General Information: Wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who ignore her.
58 PRO 1 26 r8lx grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 I will laugh This can be stated with the word “therefore” to show that the woman wisdom laughs at them because they ignored her. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will laugh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
59 PRO 1 26 p97h 0 at your calamity Alternate translation: “when bad things happen to you”
60 PRO 1 27 kd9m figs-simile 0 when your fearful dread comes like a storm … like a whirlwind … come upon you Terrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
106 PRO 2 14 t4yz figs-parallelism 0 delight in the perversities of evil This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “delight in doing what they know is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
107 PRO 2 15 jpq2 figs-metaphor 0 They follow crooked paths People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “They deceive other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108 PRO 2 15 lsl5 figs-metaphor 0 using deception they hide their tracks People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. Alternate translation: “they lie so that no one will know what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 2 16 erj5 0 General Information: The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him.
109 PRO 2 16 p5k9 figs-personification 0 Wisdom and discretion will save you The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
110 PRO 2 17 c2iu 0 the companion of her youth This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
111 PRO 2 17 awb4 0 the covenant of her God This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
185 PRO 4 3 y999 figs-explicit 0 When I was a son of my father This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his father’s care. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
186 PRO 4 3 n5ke figs-hendiadys 0 the tender and only child Here the word “tender” refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word “only.” Alternate translation: “the tender only child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
187 PRO 4 4 b7y3 figs-metonymy 0 Let your heart hold fast to my words Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. Alternate translation: “Always remember what I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 4 5 rat9 0 General Information: The father continues to teach his children what his father taught him.
188 PRO 4 5 ft42 0 Acquire wisdom Alternate translation: “Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom” or “Get wisdom”
189 PRO 4 5 fb3y 0 do not forget Alternate translation: “remember”
190 PRO 4 5 m3uv 0 do not reject Alternate translation: “accept”
488 PRO 8 23 mh2d 0 In ages long ago Alternate translation: “Very long ago”
489 PRO 8 23 v4tq 0 ages The word “age” refers to a general, extended period of time.
490 PRO 8 23 mth7 figs-abstractnouns 0 from the beginnings of the earth The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO 8 24 ii7e figs-personification 0 General Information: Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
491 PRO 8 25 u2m1 figs-activepassive 0 Before the mountains were settled “Before the bases of the mountains were put into place.” This can also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
492 PRO 8 26 z5y4 figs-personification 0 I was born This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
493 PRO 8 26 asn5 0 was born Alternate translation: “I was alive”
495 PRO 8 27 z8lx 0 established To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. Alternate translation: “created” or “made”
496 PRO 8 27 b5db figs-explicit 0 when he drew a circle on the surface of the deep This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate translation: “when he marked on the ocean’s surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
497 PRO 8 27 ae6e 0 the deep Alternate translation: “the ocean”
PRO 8 28 q6zz figs-personification 0 General Information: Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
498 PRO 8 28 wnj8 0 established brought into permanent being
499 PRO 8 28 z2v2 figs-activepassive 0 when the springs in the deep became fixed This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God fixed the springs in the deep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
500 PRO 8 28 zv8f 0 the springs in the deep The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea.

5
en_tn_21-ECC.tsv
View File

@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ ECC 1 3 bsv3 figs-rquestion 0 What profit does mankind gain … under the sun?
ECC 1 3 r9j3 figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 1 4 fj3a 0 General Information: The writer is presenting the natural order of life as he understands it.
ECC 1 5 n9ia figs-personification 0 hurries back to the place This speaks of how the sun sets at the end of the day and is soon ready to rise again, as if it were a person that quickly ran from the place where it sets to the place from which it rises. Alternate translation: “quickly returns to the place” or “quickly goes to the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ECC 1 7 ri2j 0 General Information: The writer continues with observations about the natural order.
ECC 1 8 ax86 0 Everything becomes wearisome “Everything becomes tiring.” Since man is unable to explain these things, it becomes useless to try.
ECC 1 8 y4ve figs-synecdoche 0 The eye is not satisfied by what it sees Here the “eye” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “A person is not satisfied by what his eyes see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ECC 1 8 n7hm figs-synecdoche 0 nor is the ear fulfilled by what it hears Here the “ear” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “nor is a person content by what his ears hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -116,9 +115,7 @@ ECC 3 1 q8gz figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer uses merisms to desc
ECC 3 1 hn82 figs-parallelism 0 For everything there is an appointed time, and a season for every purpose These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ECC 3 1 s8am figs-idiom 0 under heaven This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ECC 3 2 ga5b 0 a time to pull up plants This could mean: (1) “a time to harvest” or (2) “a time to uproot.”
ECC 3 4 a5em figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ECC 3 5 yg8l 0 embrace to hold someone in your arms to show love or friendship
ECC 3 6 az59 figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ECC 3 8 f1fu figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer concludes using merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ECC 3 9 q3gk figs-rquestion 0 What profit does the worker gain in his labor? This is a thought provoking question to focus the reader on the next discussion topic. Translate “what profit does … gain” as you did in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “The worker gains no profit for his labor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ECC 3 11 z9kk 0 God has made everything suitable for its own time “God has fixed a time that is right for everything to happen” or “God has set a time that is right for each thing to happen:
@ -510,11 +507,9 @@ ECC 12 2 n1tx figs-metaphor 0 do this before the light of the sun … after the
ECC 12 3 ric4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The writer describes a house in which various activities stop. This appears to be a metaphor for the human body as it becomes old. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 12 3 kzg1 0 strong men are bent over Alternate translation: “strong men become weak”
ECC 12 3 qs1x 0 the women who grind cease because they are few Alternate translation: “the women who grind grain stop grinding grain because there are few of them”
ECC 12 4 p13x figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The writer continues his metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 12 4 e4kd figs-activepassive 0 the doors are shut in the street This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people shut the doors that lead to the street” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ECC 12 4 egr6 figs-explicit 0 when men are startled at the voice of a bird It is implied that the voice of the birds startle the men awake. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the voice of a bird startles men awake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ECC 12 4 hg6p figs-metaphor 0 the singing of girls’ voices fades away Here “girls” may be a metaphor for the birds. Alternate translation: “the songs of the birds fade away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 12 5 q9vk figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The writer continues his metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 12 5 jib4 translate-unknown 0 when the almond tree blossoms The “almond tree” is a tree that blossoms in the winter with white flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ECC 12 5 p5ym translate-unknown 0 when grasshoppers drag themselves along A grasshopper is a large, straight-winged insect with long, jointed back legs that give it the ability to jump a long way. Here it can only drag itself because it has gotten old and weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ECC 12 5 zjw9 figs-abstractnouns 0 when natural desires fail The abstract noun “desires” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when people no longer desire what they once did naturally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
6 ECC 1 3 r9j3 figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7 ECC 1 4 fj3a 0 General Information: The writer is presenting the natural order of life as he understands it.
8 ECC 1 5 n9ia figs-personification 0 hurries back to the place This speaks of how the sun sets at the end of the day and is soon ready to rise again, as if it were a person that quickly ran from the place where it sets to the place from which it rises. Alternate translation: “quickly returns to the place” or “quickly goes to the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ECC 1 7 ri2j 0 General Information: The writer continues with observations about the natural order.
9 ECC 1 8 ax86 0 Everything becomes wearisome “Everything becomes tiring.” Since man is unable to explain these things, it becomes useless to try.
10 ECC 1 8 y4ve figs-synecdoche 0 The eye is not satisfied by what it sees Here the “eye” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “A person is not satisfied by what his eyes see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11 ECC 1 8 n7hm figs-synecdoche 0 nor is the ear fulfilled by what it hears Here the “ear” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “nor is a person content by what his ears hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
115 ECC 3 1 hn82 figs-parallelism 0 For everything there is an appointed time, and a season for every purpose These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
116 ECC 3 1 s8am figs-idiom 0 under heaven This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
117 ECC 3 2 ga5b 0 a time to pull up plants This could mean: (1) “a time to harvest” or (2) “a time to uproot.”
ECC 3 4 a5em figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
118 ECC 3 5 yg8l 0 embrace to hold someone in your arms to show love or friendship
ECC 3 6 az59 figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
119 ECC 3 8 f1fu figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer concludes using merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
120 ECC 3 9 q3gk figs-rquestion 0 What profit does the worker gain in his labor? This is a thought provoking question to focus the reader on the next discussion topic. Translate “what profit does … gain” as you did in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “The worker gains no profit for his labor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
121 ECC 3 11 z9kk 0 God has made everything suitable for its own time “God has fixed a time that is right for everything to happen” or “God has set a time that is right for each thing to happen:
507 ECC 12 3 ric4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The writer describes a house in which various activities stop. This appears to be a metaphor for the human body as it becomes old. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
508 ECC 12 3 kzg1 0 strong men are bent over Alternate translation: “strong men become weak”
509 ECC 12 3 qs1x 0 the women who grind cease because they are few Alternate translation: “the women who grind grain stop grinding grain because there are few of them”
ECC 12 4 p13x figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The writer continues his metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
510 ECC 12 4 e4kd figs-activepassive 0 the doors are shut in the street This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people shut the doors that lead to the street” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
511 ECC 12 4 egr6 figs-explicit 0 when men are startled at the voice of a bird It is implied that the voice of the birds startle the men awake. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the voice of a bird startles men awake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
512 ECC 12 4 hg6p figs-metaphor 0 the singing of girls’ voices fades away Here “girls” may be a metaphor for the birds. Alternate translation: “the songs of the birds fade away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ECC 12 5 q9vk figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The writer continues his metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
513 ECC 12 5 jib4 translate-unknown 0 when the almond tree blossoms The “almond tree” is a tree that blossoms in the winter with white flowers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
514 ECC 12 5 p5ym translate-unknown 0 when grasshoppers drag themselves along A grasshopper is a large, straight-winged insect with long, jointed back legs that give it the ability to jump a long way. Here it can only drag itself because it has gotten old and weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
515 ECC 12 5 zjw9 figs-abstractnouns 0 when natural desires fail The abstract noun “desires” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when people no longer desire what they once did naturally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

27
en_tn_22-SNG.tsv
View File

@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ SNG 1 8 nky4 0 most beautiful among women Alternate translation: “you who ar
SNG 1 8 al9c 0 follow the tracks of my flock Alternate translation: “follow along behind the flock”
SNG 1 8 i8sl 0 tracks marks of the hooves of the flock on the ground
SNG 1 8 fis9 0 pasture your young goats Alternate translation: “graze your young goats” or “let your young goats eat”
SNG 1 9 v2yv 0 General Information: The man continues speaking to the woman.
SNG 1 9 gw76 figs-simile 0 I compare you, my love, to a mare among Pharaoh’s chariot horses The Jews of those days considered horses beautiful, and the Pharaoh’s horses would have been the most beautiful he could find. The man considers the young woman beautiful. Alternate translation: “My love, you are as beautiful as any of Pharaoh’s chariot horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 1 9 l3q7 0 my love Alternate translation: “you whom I love”
SNG 1 9 zyj5 0 Pharaoh’s chariot horses Alternate translation: “the horses that pull Pharaoh’s chariots”
@ -174,7 +173,6 @@ SNG 3 7 ldh8 0 Look “Listen carefully” or “What I am about to say is imp
SNG 3 7 e4uw 0 it is the bed This refers to a bed with a cover that can be carried from one place to another.
SNG 3 7 rd7d figs-doublet 0 sixty warriors surround it, sixty soldiers of Israel These two phrases refer to the same sixty people. The second phrase clarifies that the “warriors” are “soldiers of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
SNG 3 7 u16s 0 warriors men who fight
SNG 3 8 sbd8 0 General Information: The description of sixty men carrying Solomon’s bed up from the wilderness to Jerusalem, begun in [Song of Songs 3:6](./06.md), continues.
SNG 3 8 mm7c writing-background 0 A description of the bed itself begins in verse 9. You could use words in your language that show that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
SNG 3 8 v2yx 0 are experienced in warfare Alternate translation: “can fight battles well”
SNG 3 8 z9n4 0 armed against Alternate translation: “so that he can fight against”
@ -200,13 +198,11 @@ SNG 4 2 wc12 figs-explicit 0 coming up from the washing place The ewes are comi
SNG 4 2 jw1w figs-metaphor 0 Each one has a twin Sheep usually give birth to two lambs at one time. These twin lambs usually look like one another. Each of the woman’s teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 4 2 vl9d 0 none among them is bereaved Each of the woman’s teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. She has not lost any of her teeth.
SNG 4 2 sb14 0 bereaved lost a loved one who has died
SNG 4 3 h2in 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
SNG 4 3 t9kf figs-simile 0 are like a thread of scarlet Scarlet is a beautiful red color, and scarlet thread was very expensive. The woman’s lips were red. Alternate translation: “are a deep red like scarlet thread” or “are red and very beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 4 3 v1ae 0 scarlet a dark red color that is very similar to the color of blood
SNG 4 3 q1mk 0 is lovely Alternate translation: “is beautiful”
SNG 4 3 j2a3 figs-simile 0 are like pomegranate halves Pomegranates are smooth, round, and rich red. The man thinks the woman’s cheeks are beautiful and show that she is healthy. Alternate translation: “are red and round like two halves of a pomegranate” or “are red and full and healthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 4 3 y47i 0 behind your veil See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:1](./01.md).
SNG 4 4 th27 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
SNG 4 4 i3qt figs-simile 0 Your neck is like the tower of David No one knows if this was a real tower. A tower is a tall, slender building, and saying that David built it implies that it was beautiful. The man considered the woman’s neck long and slender and so beautiful. Alternate translation: “Your neck is long and beautiful like the tower of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 4 4 v4ae 0 of David Alternate translation: “that David built”
SNG 4 4 cq2q figs-metaphor 0 built in rows of stone Women had necklaces that covered their entire necks with rows of decorations. The man compares these rows of decorations with the rows of stone on the tower. Alternate translation: “that has many rows of stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -219,7 +215,6 @@ SNG 4 5 wd7y 0 twins the babies of a mother who gave birth to two babies at on
SNG 4 5 gu86 0 gazelle an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of “gazelles” as in [Song of Songs 2:7](../02/07.md).
SNG 4 5 p33d 0 grazing among the lilies “eating plants among the lilies.” While it is clear that the man “grazing among the lilies” is a metaphor for making love ([Song of Songs 2:16](../02/16.md)), it is not clear what these words refer to. It is best to translate them literally.
SNG 4 5 bb93 0 lilies sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of “lily” in [Song of Songs 2:1](../02/01.md).
SNG 4 6 ks1d 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
SNG 4 6 y1xu 0 Until the dawn arrives and the shadows flee away Translate similar wording in this line as you did the line in [Song of Songs 2:17](../02/16.md).
SNG 4 6 re83 figs-metaphor 0 I will go to the mountain of myrrh and to the hill of frankincense The “mountain of myrrh” and “hill of frankincense” are metaphors for the woman’s breasts ([Song of Songs 1:13](../01/12.md)). Alternate translation: “I will lie close to your breasts, which are like mountains that smell like myrrh and frankincense” or “I will lie close to your breasts, which smell very sweet” or “I will go to the sweet-smelling mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 4 6 bm4n 0 the mountain of myrrh Alternate translation: “the mountain made of myrrh” or “the mountain that has myrrh growing on it”
@ -227,19 +222,16 @@ SNG 4 6 ekc1 0 the hill of frankincense Alternate translation: “the hill whe
SNG 4 7 wt7k 0 You are beautiful in every way Alternate translation: “Every part of you is beautiful” or “All of you is beautiful”
SNG 4 7 l1xq 0 my love “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](../01/09.md).
SNG 4 7 ci96 0 there is no blemish in you Alternate translation: “you have no blemish”
SNG 4 8 v9nd figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The man continues to speak to the woman. He speaks of them not being free to make love as if they were in a wild, dangerous, foreign place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 4 8 h4yw 0 from Lebanon Alternate translation: “away from Lebanon”
SNG 4 8 j8s2 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son’s wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife.
SNG 4 8 m2km translate-names 0 Amana the name of a mountain north of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
SNG 4 8 ir9l translate-names 0 Senir the name of a mountain near Amana and Hermon. Some people think that this refers to the same mountain as Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
SNG 4 8 ybd2 0 dens places where lions and leopards live, like caves or holes in the ground
SNG 4 9 v3al 0 General Information: The man continues to speak to the woman.
SNG 4 9 d7n7 figs-idiom 0 You have stolen my heart This idiom could mean: (1) “My heart now belongs completely to you” or (2) “I strongly desire to make love to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
SNG 4 9 vdf7 figs-idiom 0 my sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. Alternate translation: “my dear” or “my darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
SNG 4 9 k4ah 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son’s wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:8](./08.md).
SNG 4 9 d83s 0 heart, with just one look at me, with just one jewel “heart. All you have to do is look at me once or show me just one jewel.” Both the woman’s eyes and her jewelry attract the man to her.
SNG 4 9 laj2 0 necklace This necklace probably went around her neck many times ([Song of Songs 4:4](./04.md)).
SNG 4 10 wbn5 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
SNG 4 10 g6qt 0 How beautiful is your love Alternate translation: “Your love is wonderful”
SNG 4 10 v1gy figs-idiom 0 my sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](./08.md). Alternate translation: “my dear” or “my darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
SNG 4 10 ibb8 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son’s wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](./08.md).
@ -250,7 +242,6 @@ SNG 4 10 r5ni 0 spice dried plants or seeds that have a good smell or taste
SNG 4 11 fw88 figs-metaphor 0 Your lips … drip honey Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for (1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or (2) the woman’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 4 11 vc6y figs-metaphor 0 honey and milk are under your tongue Because “milk and honey” is a common phrase in the Bible, you should translate literally. Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for: (1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or (2) the woman’s words. Milk is a metaphor for luxury, owning many things that help people enjoy life. When the woman kisses the man, he enjoys life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 4 11 nyc9 0 the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon “the smell of your clothes is like the smell of Lebanon.” Many cedar trees grew in Lebanon. Cedar trees smell very good, so Lebanon would have smelled sweet and fresh.
SNG 4 12 sks3 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
SNG 4 12 whp4 figs-idiom 0 My sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](./09.md). Alternate translation: “My dear” or “My darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
SNG 4 12 nrw6 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son’s wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](./09.md).
SNG 4 12 j45u figs-metaphor 0 is a garden locked up “is a garden that no one can enter.” The garden is a metaphor for the woman, and the lock is a metaphor for her still being a virgin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -266,7 +257,6 @@ SNG 4 14 w1cm 0 cinnamon a spice made from the bark of a tree that people used
SNG 4 14 kx8c 0 myrrh See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](../01/12.md).
SNG 4 14 bm3m 0 aloes a type of large plant that had a very sweet smell
SNG 4 14 p646 0 all the finest spices Alternate translation: “all the best spices”
SNG 4 15 t9yh 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
SNG 4 15 z2an figs-metaphor 0 You are a garden spring “You are a spring in a garden.” A garden spring gives sweet, clean water that people enjoy drinking. The man enjoys being close to the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 4 15 t9ch 0 fresh water water that is good to drink
SNG 4 15 zl7c 0 streams flowing down from Lebanon Because Lebanon had mountains covered with trees, the streams from Lebanon were clean and cool.
@ -307,7 +297,6 @@ SNG 5 4 nns1 0 door latch Alternate translation: “door lock”
SNG 5 5 w3k2 figs-metaphor 0 I got up to open the door for my beloved This could mean: (1) literal, the young woman got out of bed in order to let the man into the house, or (2) metaphorical. Alternate translation: “I prepared myself to make love with my beloved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 5 q3qx figs-euphemism 0 my hands … my fingers … door handle While these may be euphemisms for the woman’s and man’s bodies, it is best to translate literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
SNG 5 5 ycr1 0 with moist myrrh Alternate translation: “with liquid myrrh”
SNG 5 6 vgj4 0 General Information: The woman continues to describe her dream.
SNG 5 6 b7qk 0 my beloved See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](../01/12.md).
SNG 5 6 z8na figs-metaphor 0 My heart sank The heart is a metaphor for the person, and sinking, going down, is a metaphor for becoming weak or sad. Alternate translation: “I was very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 7 a9yk 0 The watchmen men who have the job of keeping guard of the town at night to keep the people safe. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 3:3](../03/03.md).
@ -333,29 +322,24 @@ SNG 5 10 rgj8 0 ruddy a healthy color of the skin that is brownish red
SNG 5 10 hms2 figs-metaphor 0 outstanding among ten thousand “the best of 10,000.” Alternate translation: “better than anyone else” or “no one else is like him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
SNG 5 11 s23z figs-metaphor 0 His head is the purest gold The man’s head is as precious to the woman as the purest gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 11 m1w4 figs-simile 0 a raven a bird with very black feathers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 5 12 pn5r 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
SNG 5 12 m6e7 figs-metonymy 0 His eyes are like doves Translate “eyes are like doves” as in [Song of Songs 1:15](../01/15.md). This could mean: (1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the woman considers the man’s eyes beautiful because the way the man looks at her makes her think he is gentle. Alternate translation: “His eyes are gentle like doves” or (2) the woman is speaking of the man’s white eyeballs or the shape of his eyes, the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 5 12 knr8 figs-metaphor 0 doves beside streams of water Birds that the Israelites considered gentle sitting beside a gently flowing stream are a metaphor for a gentle person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 12 xp2d 0 streams of water Alternate translation: “gently flowing water”
SNG 5 12 tr46 figs-metaphor 0 bathed in milk Milk is a metaphor for the whiteness of the doves. Alternate translation: (1) “doves that are white like milk” or (2) milk is a metaphor for the white part of the man’s eyes. Alternate translation: “his pupils are like doves bathing in white milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 12 qe85 figs-simile 0 mounted like jewels His eyes are beautiful. Jewels that a craftsman has carefully put in place are beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 5 13 p7dj 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
SNG 5 13 ip4j figs-simile 0 His cheeks … aromatic scents This explains that his cheeks are like beds of spices because they both give off wonderful smells. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 5 13 mtt8 figs-metaphor 0 beds of spices gardens or parts of gardens where people grow spices. Spices give people pleasure. The man’s body gives the woman pleasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 13 mem2 0 yielding aromatic scents Alternate translation: “that give off wonderful smells.”
SNG 5 13 a4hu figs-metaphor 0 His lips are lilies The woman probably compares his lips with lilies because they are beautiful and smell wonderful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 13 t4f1 0 lilies See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:16](../02/16.md).
SNG 5 13 x8c2 figs-metaphor 0 dripping liquid myrrh “that drip with the best myrrh.” His lips are moist and have a wonderful smell like myrrh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 14 hq44 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
SNG 5 14 nl6y figs-metaphor 0 His arms are rounded gold set with jewels “His arms are cylinders of gold that have jewels all over them.” The woman uses this image to say that his arms are beautiful and precious. The first readers would have understood this as a metaphor for the male body part ([Song of Songs 5:3](./03.md)), but this would be difficult to bring out in translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 14 bg51 figs-metaphor 0 his abdomen is ivory covered with sapphires “his belly is smooth ivory that has sapphires all over it.” The woman uses this image to say that his belly is beautiful and precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 14 k5ga 0 ivory the white tusk or tooth of an animal that is similar to bone. People use ivory to make smooth and shiny pieces of art.
SNG 5 14 ws92 0 sapphires valuable stones that are either: (1) blue or (2) clear and either blue or golden
SNG 5 15 c8k3 0 General Information: The woman continues to describe the man.
SNG 5 15 i1xz figs-metaphor 0 His legs are pillars of marble, set on bases of pure gold Marble and gold are strong and beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 15 juu1 0 marble a very strong stone that has many different colors and that people polish to make very smooth
SNG 5 15 z75c figs-simile 0 his appearance is like Lebanon “he looks like Lebanon.” Lebanon was a very beautiful area with many mountains and cedar trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 5 16 jk4b 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
SNG 5 16 sc8p figs-metonymy 0 His mouth is most sweet The mouth is a metonym for either: (1) the man’s sweet kisses or (2) the sweet words that he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 5 16 w3vr 0 he is completely lovely Alternate translation: “every part of him is lovely” or “all of him is lovely”
SNG 5 16 pi1a 0 This is my beloved, and this is my friend The word “This” refers to the man that the woman has just finished describing. Alternate translation: “That is what the one I love is like, and that is what my friend is like”
@ -381,10 +365,8 @@ SNG 6 4 xk88 figs-simile 0 as beautiful as Tirzah, my love, as lovely as Jerusa
SNG 6 4 nj8w 0 my love “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](../01/09.md).
SNG 6 4 rjr5 0 lovely See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:5](../01/05.md).
SNG 6 4 uwd8 0 as awe-inspiring as an army with its banners The beauty of the woman is so powerful that it makes the man feel helpless, as if an army were approaching him.
SNG 6 5 l78a 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
SNG 6 5 e85g 0 overwhelm me “terrify me.” The eyes of the woman are so beautiful that it makes the man feel weak and afraid because he cannot resist their power.
SNG 6 5 lbz1 0 Your hair … from the slopes of Gilead Translate “Your hair … from Mount Gilead” as in [Song of Songs 4:1](../04/01.md).
SNG 6 6 zz3k 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
SNG 6 6 lxi1 figs-simile 0 Your teeth are like a flock of ewes After sheep have their wool cut off, they are washed and their skin looks very white. The woman’s teeth are white. See how “Your teeth are like a flock of newly shorn ewes” is translated in [Song of Songs 4:2](../04/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 6 6 j7se figs-explicit 0 coming up from the washing place The ewes are coming up out of the water. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “that are coming up out of the water after people have washed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
SNG 6 6 x7hr figs-metaphor 0 Each one has a twin Sheep usually give birth to two lambs at one time. These twin lamb usually look like one another. Each of the woman’s teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:2](../04/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -423,7 +405,6 @@ SNG 7 1 k8va 0 prince’s daughter Another possible interpretation is “you w
SNG 7 1 e9bd figs-simile 0 The curves of your thighs are like jewels The shape of the woman’s thighs remind the speaker of a beautiful precious stone that a skilled workman has carved. Alternate translation: “The curves of your thighs are beautiful like the beautiful curves of jewel that a skilled craftsman has made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 7 1 xs8e 0 your thighs The word “thighs” refers to the hips of a woman and the part of her legs that is above her knee.
SNG 7 1 fc12 figs-synecdoche 0 the work of the hands of a master craftsman The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the work of a master craftsman” or “something that a master craftsman has made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
SNG 7 2 rg4z 0 General Information: The young woman’s lover continues describing the one he loves.
SNG 7 2 u88e figs-simile 0 Your navel is like a round bowl A bowl is round. The woman’s navel is round. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 7 2 dp5a 0 navel the spot on the stomach left from the cord that attaches a baby to its mother
SNG 7 2 n59p figs-metaphor 0 may it never lack mixed wine People used large bowls to mix wine with water or spices at feasts. Drinking wine is a metaphor for enjoying beauty. The litotes can be translated as a positive. Alternate translation: “may it always contain mixed wine” or “may I always enjoy its beauty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
@ -432,7 +413,6 @@ SNG 7 2 w6nh figs-simile 0 Your belly is like a mound of wheat People thought t
SNG 7 2 ah1p 0 a mound of wheat This is a pile of the grains of wheat after people remove the parts of it that they do not use.
SNG 7 2 cz8d 0 encircled with lilies Alternate translation: “with lilies all around it”
SNG 7 2 ue5r 0 lilies sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of “lily” in [Song of Songs 2:1](../02/01.md).
SNG 7 3 le8a 0 General Information: The man continues describing the woman.
SNG 7 3 jw6n 0 two breasts If the word “two” seems unnecessary and so out of place, you could omit it. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:5](../04/04.md).
SNG 7 3 ugf3 figs-simile 0 like two fawns, twins of a gazelle The man implies that the woman’s breasts are matching, soft, and perhaps small. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:5](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 7 3 jh3u 0 twins the babies of a mother who gave birth to two babies at one time. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:5](../04/04.md).
@ -445,7 +425,6 @@ SNG 7 4 md6s translate-names 0 Heshbon This is the name of a city east of the J
SNG 7 4 r1vf translate-names 0 Bath Rabbim This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
SNG 7 4 a4vg figs-simile 0 nose is like the tower in Lebanon A tower is tall and straight, and her nose is tall and straight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 7 4 s23k figs-metonymy 0 that looks toward Damascus The tower looking is a metonym for people on the tower looking. Alternate translation: “that allows people to look toward Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 7 5 a7bt 0 General Information: The man continues to describe the woman.
SNG 7 5 jn22 figs-simile 0 Your head is on you like Carmel Mount Carmel is higher than everything else around it. The man wants to look at the woman’s head more than at anything else. Alternate translation: “Your head is on you like a crown, higher than anything else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 7 5 sr83 0 dark purple Other possible translations are: (1) “dark black” or (2) “dark red.”
SNG 7 5 hkk7 figs-metaphor 0 The king is held captive by its tresses This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your hair that hangs down is so beautiful that the king is not able to stop admiring it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -460,7 +439,6 @@ SNG 7 8 r1b3 figs-metaphor 0 I want to climb … its branches The man wants to
SNG 7 8 w5g3 figs-simile 0 May your breasts be like clusters of grapes The man wants to touch her breasts. Clusters of grapes are round and soft. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 7 8 zfb8 figs-simile 0 may the fragrance of your nose be like apricots The word “nose” is a metonym for the breath coming out of the nose. Alternate translation: “may the breath coming from your nose smell sweet like apricots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 7 8 f9is 0 apricots sweet yellow fruit
SNG 7 9 tqs7 0 General Information: The man continues describing what he would like to do with the woman.
SNG 7 9 yrg1 figs-metonymy 0 May your palate be like the best wine The palate is a metonym for the lips. Wine tastes good. The man wants to kiss the woman’s lips. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 7 9 rq12 0 flowing smoothly for my beloved “that flows smoothly for the one I love.” The man enjoys the smooth kisses of the woman.
SNG 7 9 ed64 0 gliding over the lips of those who sleep Alternate translation: “that flows over our lips as we sleep”
@ -468,13 +446,11 @@ SNG 7 10 k7zq 0 I am my beloved’s See how you translated a similar phrase in
SNG 7 10 j44v 0 my beloved’s This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one’s” or “my lover’s”
SNG 7 10 a143 0 he desires me Alternate translation: “he wants to make love to me” or “he wants me”
SNG 7 11 bhr6 0 spend the night in the villages Though the words here translated “spends the night” and “villages” appear together in [Song of Songs 1:13-14](../01/12.md) as “spends the night” and “henna flowers,” and the context both here and there is lovemaking, the ULT chooses this reading because the immediate metaphor is of the man and woman sleeping in the village, rising in the morning, and going out into the vineyards. The word for “henna plants” and the word for “villages” sound exactly the same.
SNG 7 12 jsd1 0 General Information: The woman continues to speak to the man.
SNG 7 12 iii6 0 rise early Alternate translation: “get up early” or “wake up early”
SNG 7 12 cs6n 0 have budded Alternate translation: “have begun to bloom”
SNG 7 12 r952 0 blossoms flowers when they are open
SNG 7 12 ukd9 0 are in flower Alternate translation: “have flowers open on the plant”
SNG 7 12 q3a4 0 I will give you my love Alternate translation: “I will make love with you”
SNG 7 13 v5gj 0 General Information: The woman continues to speak to the man.
SNG 7 13 v61b translate-unknown 0 mandrakes This is the name of plants that give off a strong but pleasant scent. The scent is slightly intoxicating and stimulating, which increases the desire to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
SNG 7 13 alp4 0 give off their fragrance Alternate translation: “produce their scent” or “smell very nice”
SNG 7 13 xbk7 figs-explicit 0 at the door The doors belong to their house. Alternate translation: “above the entrances of our house” or “by the doors of our house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -487,7 +463,6 @@ SNG 8 1 dp21 figs-simile 0 you were like my brother A woman could show affectio
SNG 8 1 v5fh 0 you outside Alternate translation: “you in public”
SNG 8 1 zyd6 0 I could kiss you A woman would probably kiss her brother on his cheek order to greet him.
SNG 8 1 ec82 0 would despise me Alternate translation: “would think that I am a bad person”
SNG 8 2 apj4 0 General Information: The young woman continues to speak to the man.
SNG 8 2 i6ch figs-explicit 0 she who taught me taught her how to make love (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
SNG 8 2 s68s figs-metaphor 0 I would give you spiced wine to drink and some of the juice of my pomegranates The woman uses these images to say that she will give herself to the man and make love with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 8 2 au41 figs-metaphor 0 spiced wine “wine with spices” or “wine that has spices in it.” This represents the intoxicating power of lovemaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -503,13 +478,11 @@ SNG 8 5 p4rr 0 I awakened you Alternate translation: “I woke you up” or
SNG 8 5 zfa2 0 the apricot tree a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that is very sweet. If your readers will not know what this is, you could use the word for another fruit tree or the general word “fruit tree.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:3](../02/03.md).
SNG 8 5 g9tp 0 there under the apricot tree
SNG 8 5 d4ub 0 she delivered you Alternate translation: “she bore you”
SNG 8 6 y4fz 0 General Information: The young woman continues to speak to the man.
SNG 8 6 jr5m figs-metaphor 0 Set me as a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm This could mean: (1) because seals were very important, people always kept them around their neck or on their hand. The woman wants to be with the man constantly like a seal, or (2) a seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it, and the woman wants herself as the seal on the man’s heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 8 6 yzj4 figs-simile 0 for love is as strong as death Death is very strong because it overcomes even the most powerful people of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 8 6 tci8 figs-simile 0 as unrelenting as Sheol “as tough as Sheol.” Sheol never allows people to come back to life after they have already died. Love is as persistent as Sheol because it never changes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 8 6 fvz9 figs-metaphor 0 its flames burst out … any other fire Love is very powerful like fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 8 6 tw71 0 burst out Alternate translation: “burn suddenly”
SNG 8 7 ir3s 0 General Information: The young woman continues to speak to the man.
SNG 8 7 baf6 figs-metaphor 0 Surging waters cannot quench love Love is so strong that it is like a fire that is so hot that it cannot be put out even with an ocean full of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 8 7 j6mc 0 Surging waters Alternate translation: “Oceans of water” or “Huge amounts of water”
SNG 8 7 dd1i 0 cannot quench Alternate translation: “cannot extinguish” or “cannot put out”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
33 SNG 1 8 al9c 0 follow the tracks of my flock Alternate translation: “follow along behind the flock”
34 SNG 1 8 i8sl 0 tracks marks of the hooves of the flock on the ground
35 SNG 1 8 fis9 0 pasture your young goats Alternate translation: “graze your young goats” or “let your young goats eat”
SNG 1 9 v2yv 0 General Information: The man continues speaking to the woman.
36 SNG 1 9 gw76 figs-simile 0 I compare you, my love, to a mare among Pharaoh’s chariot horses The Jews of those days considered horses beautiful, and the Pharaoh’s horses would have been the most beautiful he could find. The man considers the young woman beautiful. Alternate translation: “My love, you are as beautiful as any of Pharaoh’s chariot horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
37 SNG 1 9 l3q7 0 my love Alternate translation: “you whom I love”
38 SNG 1 9 zyj5 0 Pharaoh’s chariot horses Alternate translation: “the horses that pull Pharaoh’s chariots”
173 SNG 3 7 e4uw 0 it is the bed This refers to a bed with a cover that can be carried from one place to another.
174 SNG 3 7 rd7d figs-doublet 0 sixty warriors surround it, sixty soldiers of Israel These two phrases refer to the same sixty people. The second phrase clarifies that the “warriors” are “soldiers of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
175 SNG 3 7 u16s 0 warriors men who fight
SNG 3 8 sbd8 0 General Information: The description of sixty men carrying Solomon’s bed up from the wilderness to Jerusalem, begun in [Song of Songs 3:6](./06.md), continues.
176 SNG 3 8 mm7c writing-background 0 A description of the bed itself begins in verse 9. You could use words in your language that show that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
177 SNG 3 8 v2yx 0 are experienced in warfare Alternate translation: “can fight battles well”
178 SNG 3 8 z9n4 0 armed against Alternate translation: “so that he can fight against”
198 SNG 4 2 jw1w figs-metaphor 0 Each one has a twin Sheep usually give birth to two lambs at one time. These twin lambs usually look like one another. Each of the woman’s teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
199 SNG 4 2 vl9d 0 none among them is bereaved Each of the woman’s teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. She has not lost any of her teeth.
200 SNG 4 2 sb14 0 bereaved lost a loved one who has died
SNG 4 3 h2in 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
201 SNG 4 3 t9kf figs-simile 0 are like a thread of scarlet Scarlet is a beautiful red color, and scarlet thread was very expensive. The woman’s lips were red. Alternate translation: “are a deep red like scarlet thread” or “are red and very beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
202 SNG 4 3 v1ae 0 scarlet a dark red color that is very similar to the color of blood
203 SNG 4 3 q1mk 0 is lovely Alternate translation: “is beautiful”
204 SNG 4 3 j2a3 figs-simile 0 are like pomegranate halves Pomegranates are smooth, round, and rich red. The man thinks the woman’s cheeks are beautiful and show that she is healthy. Alternate translation: “are red and round like two halves of a pomegranate” or “are red and full and healthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
205 SNG 4 3 y47i 0 behind your veil See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:1](./01.md).
SNG 4 4 th27 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
206 SNG 4 4 i3qt figs-simile 0 Your neck is like the tower of David No one knows if this was a real tower. A tower is a tall, slender building, and saying that David built it implies that it was beautiful. The man considered the woman’s neck long and slender and so beautiful. Alternate translation: “Your neck is long and beautiful like the tower of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
207 SNG 4 4 v4ae 0 of David Alternate translation: “that David built”
208 SNG 4 4 cq2q figs-metaphor 0 built in rows of stone Women had necklaces that covered their entire necks with rows of decorations. The man compares these rows of decorations with the rows of stone on the tower. Alternate translation: “that has many rows of stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
215 SNG 4 5 gu86 0 gazelle an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of “gazelles” as in [Song of Songs 2:7](../02/07.md).
216 SNG 4 5 p33d 0 grazing among the lilies “eating plants among the lilies.” While it is clear that the man “grazing among the lilies” is a metaphor for making love ([Song of Songs 2:16](../02/16.md)), it is not clear what these words refer to. It is best to translate them literally.
217 SNG 4 5 bb93 0 lilies sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of “lily” in [Song of Songs 2:1](../02/01.md).
SNG 4 6 ks1d 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
218 SNG 4 6 y1xu 0 Until the dawn arrives and the shadows flee away Translate similar wording in this line as you did the line in [Song of Songs 2:17](../02/16.md).
219 SNG 4 6 re83 figs-metaphor 0 I will go to the mountain of myrrh and to the hill of frankincense The “mountain of myrrh” and “hill of frankincense” are metaphors for the woman’s breasts ([Song of Songs 1:13](../01/12.md)). Alternate translation: “I will lie close to your breasts, which are like mountains that smell like myrrh and frankincense” or “I will lie close to your breasts, which smell very sweet” or “I will go to the sweet-smelling mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
220 SNG 4 6 bm4n 0 the mountain of myrrh Alternate translation: “the mountain made of myrrh” or “the mountain that has myrrh growing on it”
222 SNG 4 7 wt7k 0 You are beautiful in every way Alternate translation: “Every part of you is beautiful” or “All of you is beautiful”
223 SNG 4 7 l1xq 0 my love “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](../01/09.md).
224 SNG 4 7 ci96 0 there is no blemish in you Alternate translation: “you have no blemish”
SNG 4 8 v9nd figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The man continues to speak to the woman. He speaks of them not being free to make love as if they were in a wild, dangerous, foreign place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
225 SNG 4 8 h4yw 0 from Lebanon Alternate translation: “away from Lebanon”
226 SNG 4 8 j8s2 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son’s wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife.
227 SNG 4 8 m2km translate-names 0 Amana the name of a mountain north of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
228 SNG 4 8 ir9l translate-names 0 Senir the name of a mountain near Amana and Hermon. Some people think that this refers to the same mountain as Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
229 SNG 4 8 ybd2 0 dens places where lions and leopards live, like caves or holes in the ground
SNG 4 9 v3al 0 General Information: The man continues to speak to the woman.
230 SNG 4 9 d7n7 figs-idiom 0 You have stolen my heart This idiom could mean: (1) “My heart now belongs completely to you” or (2) “I strongly desire to make love to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
231 SNG 4 9 vdf7 figs-idiom 0 my sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. Alternate translation: “my dear” or “my darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
232 SNG 4 9 k4ah 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son’s wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:8](./08.md).
233 SNG 4 9 d83s 0 heart, with just one look at me, with just one jewel “heart. All you have to do is look at me once or show me just one jewel.” Both the woman’s eyes and her jewelry attract the man to her.
234 SNG 4 9 laj2 0 necklace This necklace probably went around her neck many times ([Song of Songs 4:4](./04.md)).
SNG 4 10 wbn5 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
235 SNG 4 10 g6qt 0 How beautiful is your love Alternate translation: “Your love is wonderful”
236 SNG 4 10 v1gy figs-idiom 0 my sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](./08.md). Alternate translation: “my dear” or “my darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
237 SNG 4 10 ibb8 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son’s wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](./08.md).
242 SNG 4 11 fw88 figs-metaphor 0 Your lips … drip honey Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for (1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or (2) the woman’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
243 SNG 4 11 vc6y figs-metaphor 0 honey and milk are under your tongue Because “milk and honey” is a common phrase in the Bible, you should translate literally. Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for: (1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or (2) the woman’s words. Milk is a metaphor for luxury, owning many things that help people enjoy life. When the woman kisses the man, he enjoys life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
244 SNG 4 11 nyc9 0 the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon “the smell of your clothes is like the smell of Lebanon.” Many cedar trees grew in Lebanon. Cedar trees smell very good, so Lebanon would have smelled sweet and fresh.
SNG 4 12 sks3 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
245 SNG 4 12 whp4 figs-idiom 0 My sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](./09.md). Alternate translation: “My dear” or “My darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
246 SNG 4 12 nrw6 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son’s wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](./09.md).
247 SNG 4 12 j45u figs-metaphor 0 is a garden locked up “is a garden that no one can enter.” The garden is a metaphor for the woman, and the lock is a metaphor for her still being a virgin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
257 SNG 4 14 kx8c 0 myrrh See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](../01/12.md).
258 SNG 4 14 bm3m 0 aloes a type of large plant that had a very sweet smell
259 SNG 4 14 p646 0 all the finest spices Alternate translation: “all the best spices”
SNG 4 15 t9yh 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
260 SNG 4 15 z2an figs-metaphor 0 You are a garden spring “You are a spring in a garden.” A garden spring gives sweet, clean water that people enjoy drinking. The man enjoys being close to the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
261 SNG 4 15 t9ch 0 fresh water water that is good to drink
262 SNG 4 15 zl7c 0 streams flowing down from Lebanon Because Lebanon had mountains covered with trees, the streams from Lebanon were clean and cool.
297 SNG 5 5 w3k2 figs-metaphor 0 I got up to open the door for my beloved This could mean: (1) literal, the young woman got out of bed in order to let the man into the house, or (2) metaphorical. Alternate translation: “I prepared myself to make love with my beloved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
298 SNG 5 5 q3qx figs-euphemism 0 my hands … my fingers … door handle While these may be euphemisms for the woman’s and man’s bodies, it is best to translate literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
299 SNG 5 5 ycr1 0 with moist myrrh Alternate translation: “with liquid myrrh”
SNG 5 6 vgj4 0 General Information: The woman continues to describe her dream.
300 SNG 5 6 b7qk 0 my beloved See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](../01/12.md).
301 SNG 5 6 z8na figs-metaphor 0 My heart sank The heart is a metaphor for the person, and sinking, going down, is a metaphor for becoming weak or sad. Alternate translation: “I was very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
302 SNG 5 7 a9yk 0 The watchmen men who have the job of keeping guard of the town at night to keep the people safe. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 3:3](../03/03.md).
322 SNG 5 10 hms2 figs-metaphor 0 outstanding among ten thousand “the best of 10,000.” Alternate translation: “better than anyone else” or “no one else is like him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
323 SNG 5 11 s23z figs-metaphor 0 His head is the purest gold The man’s head is as precious to the woman as the purest gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
324 SNG 5 11 m1w4 figs-simile 0 a raven a bird with very black feathers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 5 12 pn5r 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
325 SNG 5 12 m6e7 figs-metonymy 0 His eyes are like doves Translate “eyes are like doves” as in [Song of Songs 1:15](../01/15.md). This could mean: (1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the woman considers the man’s eyes beautiful because the way the man looks at her makes her think he is gentle. Alternate translation: “His eyes are gentle like doves” or (2) the woman is speaking of the man’s white eyeballs or the shape of his eyes, the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
326 SNG 5 12 knr8 figs-metaphor 0 doves beside streams of water Birds that the Israelites considered gentle sitting beside a gently flowing stream are a metaphor for a gentle person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
327 SNG 5 12 xp2d 0 streams of water Alternate translation: “gently flowing water”
328 SNG 5 12 tr46 figs-metaphor 0 bathed in milk Milk is a metaphor for the whiteness of the doves. Alternate translation: (1) “doves that are white like milk” or (2) milk is a metaphor for the white part of the man’s eyes. Alternate translation: “his pupils are like doves bathing in white milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
329 SNG 5 12 qe85 figs-simile 0 mounted like jewels His eyes are beautiful. Jewels that a craftsman has carefully put in place are beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 5 13 p7dj 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
330 SNG 5 13 ip4j figs-simile 0 His cheeks … aromatic scents This explains that his cheeks are like beds of spices because they both give off wonderful smells. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
331 SNG 5 13 mtt8 figs-metaphor 0 beds of spices gardens or parts of gardens where people grow spices. Spices give people pleasure. The man’s body gives the woman pleasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
332 SNG 5 13 mem2 0 yielding aromatic scents Alternate translation: “that give off wonderful smells.”
333 SNG 5 13 a4hu figs-metaphor 0 His lips are lilies The woman probably compares his lips with lilies because they are beautiful and smell wonderful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
334 SNG 5 13 t4f1 0 lilies See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:16](../02/16.md).
335 SNG 5 13 x8c2 figs-metaphor 0 dripping liquid myrrh “that drip with the best myrrh.” His lips are moist and have a wonderful smell like myrrh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
SNG 5 14 hq44 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
336 SNG 5 14 nl6y figs-metaphor 0 His arms are rounded gold set with jewels “His arms are cylinders of gold that have jewels all over them.” The woman uses this image to say that his arms are beautiful and precious. The first readers would have understood this as a metaphor for the male body part ([Song of Songs 5:3](./03.md)), but this would be difficult to bring out in translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
337 SNG 5 14 bg51 figs-metaphor 0 his abdomen is ivory covered with sapphires “his belly is smooth ivory that has sapphires all over it.” The woman uses this image to say that his belly is beautiful and precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
338 SNG 5 14 k5ga 0 ivory the white tusk or tooth of an animal that is similar to bone. People use ivory to make smooth and shiny pieces of art.
339 SNG 5 14 ws92 0 sapphires valuable stones that are either: (1) blue or (2) clear and either blue or golden
SNG 5 15 c8k3 0 General Information: The woman continues to describe the man.
340 SNG 5 15 i1xz figs-metaphor 0 His legs are pillars of marble, set on bases of pure gold Marble and gold are strong and beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
341 SNG 5 15 juu1 0 marble a very strong stone that has many different colors and that people polish to make very smooth
342 SNG 5 15 z75c figs-simile 0 his appearance is like Lebanon “he looks like Lebanon.” Lebanon was a very beautiful area with many mountains and cedar trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
SNG 5 16 jk4b 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man.
343 SNG 5 16 sc8p figs-metonymy 0 His mouth is most sweet The mouth is a metonym for either: (1) the man’s sweet kisses or (2) the sweet words that he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
344 SNG 5 16 w3vr 0 he is completely lovely Alternate translation: “every part of him is lovely” or “all of him is lovely”
345 SNG 5 16 pi1a 0 This is my beloved, and this is my friend The word “This” refers to the man that the woman has just finished describing. Alternate translation: “That is what the one I love is like, and that is what my friend is like”
365 SNG 6 4 nj8w 0 my love “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](../01/09.md).
366 SNG 6 4 rjr5 0 lovely See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:5](../01/05.md).
367 SNG 6 4 uwd8 0 as awe-inspiring as an army with its banners The beauty of the woman is so powerful that it makes the man feel helpless, as if an army were approaching him.
SNG 6 5 l78a 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
368 SNG 6 5 e85g 0 overwhelm me “terrify me.” The eyes of the woman are so beautiful that it makes the man feel weak and afraid because he cannot resist their power.
369 SNG 6 5 lbz1 0 Your hair … from the slopes of Gilead Translate “Your hair … from Mount Gilead” as in [Song of Songs 4:1](../04/01.md).
SNG 6 6 zz3k 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman.
370 SNG 6 6 lxi1 figs-simile 0 Your teeth are like a flock of ewes After sheep have their wool cut off, they are washed and their skin looks very white. The woman’s teeth are white. See how “Your teeth are like a flock of newly shorn ewes” is translated in [Song of Songs 4:2](../04/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
371 SNG 6 6 j7se figs-explicit 0 coming up from the washing place The ewes are coming up out of the water. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “that are coming up out of the water after people have washed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
372 SNG 6 6 x7hr figs-metaphor 0 Each one has a twin Sheep usually give birth to two lambs at one time. These twin lamb usually look like one another. Each of the woman’s teeth has a matching tooth on the other side of her mouth. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:2](../04/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
405 SNG 7 1 e9bd figs-simile 0 The curves of your thighs are like jewels The shape of the woman’s thighs remind the speaker of a beautiful precious stone that a skilled workman has carved. Alternate translation: “The curves of your thighs are beautiful like the beautiful curves of jewel that a skilled craftsman has made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
406 SNG 7 1 xs8e 0 your thighs The word “thighs” refers to the hips of a woman and the part of her legs that is above her knee.
407 SNG 7 1 fc12 figs-synecdoche 0 the work of the hands of a master craftsman The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the work of a master craftsman” or “something that a master craftsman has made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
SNG 7 2 rg4z 0 General Information: The young woman’s lover continues describing the one he loves.
408 SNG 7 2 u88e figs-simile 0 Your navel is like a round bowl A bowl is round. The woman’s navel is round. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
409 SNG 7 2 dp5a 0 navel the spot on the stomach left from the cord that attaches a baby to its mother
410 SNG 7 2 n59p figs-metaphor 0 may it never lack mixed wine People used large bowls to mix wine with water or spices at feasts. Drinking wine is a metaphor for enjoying beauty. The litotes can be translated as a positive. Alternate translation: “may it always contain mixed wine” or “may I always enjoy its beauty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
413 SNG 7 2 ah1p 0 a mound of wheat This is a pile of the grains of wheat after people remove the parts of it that they do not use.
414 SNG 7 2 cz8d 0 encircled with lilies Alternate translation: “with lilies all around it”
415 SNG 7 2 ue5r 0 lilies sweet-smelling flowers that grow in places where there is much water. Translate as the plural of “lily” in [Song of Songs 2:1](../02/01.md).
SNG 7 3 le8a 0 General Information: The man continues describing the woman.
416 SNG 7 3 jw6n 0 two breasts If the word “two” seems unnecessary and so out of place, you could omit it. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:5](../04/04.md).
417 SNG 7 3 ugf3 figs-simile 0 like two fawns, twins of a gazelle The man implies that the woman’s breasts are matching, soft, and perhaps small. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:5](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
418 SNG 7 3 jh3u 0 twins the babies of a mother who gave birth to two babies at one time. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:5](../04/04.md).
425 SNG 7 4 r1vf translate-names 0 Bath Rabbim This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
426 SNG 7 4 a4vg figs-simile 0 nose is like the tower in Lebanon A tower is tall and straight, and her nose is tall and straight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
427 SNG 7 4 s23k figs-metonymy 0 that looks toward Damascus The tower looking is a metonym for people on the tower looking. Alternate translation: “that allows people to look toward Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
SNG 7 5 a7bt 0 General Information: The man continues to describe the woman.
428 SNG 7 5 jn22 figs-simile 0 Your head is on you like Carmel Mount Carmel is higher than everything else around it. The man wants to look at the woman’s head more than at anything else. Alternate translation: “Your head is on you like a crown, higher than anything else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
429 SNG 7 5 sr83 0 dark purple Other possible translations are: (1) “dark black” or (2) “dark red.”
430 SNG 7 5 hkk7 figs-metaphor 0 The king is held captive by its tresses This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your hair that hangs down is so beautiful that the king is not able to stop admiring it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
439 SNG 7 8 w5g3 figs-simile 0 May your breasts be like clusters of grapes The man wants to touch her breasts. Clusters of grapes are round and soft. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
440 SNG 7 8 zfb8 figs-simile 0 may the fragrance of your nose be like apricots The word “nose” is a metonym for the breath coming out of the nose. Alternate translation: “may the breath coming from your nose smell sweet like apricots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
441 SNG 7 8 f9is 0 apricots sweet yellow fruit
SNG 7 9 tqs7 0 General Information: The man continues describing what he would like to do with the woman.
442 SNG 7 9 yrg1 figs-metonymy 0 May your palate be like the best wine The palate is a metonym for the lips. Wine tastes good. The man wants to kiss the woman’s lips. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
443 SNG 7 9 rq12 0 flowing smoothly for my beloved “that flows smoothly for the one I love.” The man enjoys the smooth kisses of the woman.
444 SNG 7 9 ed64 0 gliding over the lips of those who sleep Alternate translation: “that flows over our lips as we sleep”
446 SNG 7 10 j44v 0 my beloved’s This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one’s” or “my lover’s”
447 SNG 7 10 a143 0 he desires me Alternate translation: “he wants to make love to me” or “he wants me”
448 SNG 7 11 bhr6 0 spend the night in the villages Though the words here translated “spends the night” and “villages” appear together in [Song of Songs 1:13-14](../01/12.md) as “spends the night” and “henna flowers,” and the context both here and there is lovemaking, the ULT chooses this reading because the immediate metaphor is of the man and woman sleeping in the village, rising in the morning, and going out into the vineyards. The word for “henna plants” and the word for “villages” sound exactly the same.
SNG 7 12 jsd1 0 General Information: The woman continues to speak to the man.
449 SNG 7 12 iii6 0 rise early Alternate translation: “get up early” or “wake up early”
450 SNG 7 12 cs6n 0 have budded Alternate translation: “have begun to bloom”
451 SNG 7 12 r952 0 blossoms flowers when they are open
452 SNG 7 12 ukd9 0 are in flower Alternate translation: “have flowers open on the plant”
453 SNG 7 12 q3a4 0 I will give you my love Alternate translation: “I will make love with you”
SNG 7 13 v5gj 0 General Information: The woman continues to speak to the man.
454 SNG 7 13 v61b translate-unknown 0 mandrakes This is the name of plants that give off a strong but pleasant scent. The scent is slightly intoxicating and stimulating, which increases the desire to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
455 SNG 7 13 alp4 0 give off their fragrance Alternate translation: “produce their scent” or “smell very nice”
456 SNG 7 13 xbk7 figs-explicit 0 at the door The doors belong to their house. Alternate translation: “above the entrances of our house” or “by the doors of our house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
463 SNG 8 1 v5fh 0 you outside Alternate translation: “you in public”
464 SNG 8 1 zyd6 0 I could kiss you A woman would probably kiss her brother on his cheek order to greet him.
465 SNG 8 1 ec82 0 would despise me Alternate translation: “would think that I am a bad person”
SNG 8 2 apj4 0 General Information: The young woman continues to speak to the man.
466 SNG 8 2 i6ch figs-explicit 0 she who taught me taught her how to make love (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
467 SNG 8 2 s68s figs-metaphor 0 I would give you spiced wine to drink and some of the juice of my pomegranates The woman uses these images to say that she will give herself to the man and make love with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
468 SNG 8 2 au41 figs-metaphor 0 spiced wine “wine with spices” or “wine that has spices in it.” This represents the intoxicating power of lovemaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
478 SNG 8 5 zfa2 0 the apricot tree a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that is very sweet. If your readers will not know what this is, you could use the word for another fruit tree or the general word “fruit tree.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:3](../02/03.md).
479 SNG 8 5 g9tp 0 there under the apricot tree
480 SNG 8 5 d4ub 0 she delivered you Alternate translation: “she bore you”
SNG 8 6 y4fz 0 General Information: The young woman continues to speak to the man.
481 SNG 8 6 jr5m figs-metaphor 0 Set me as a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm This could mean: (1) because seals were very important, people always kept them around their neck or on their hand. The woman wants to be with the man constantly like a seal, or (2) a seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it, and the woman wants herself as the seal on the man’s heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
482 SNG 8 6 yzj4 figs-simile 0 for love is as strong as death Death is very strong because it overcomes even the most powerful people of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
483 SNG 8 6 tci8 figs-simile 0 as unrelenting as Sheol “as tough as Sheol.” Sheol never allows people to come back to life after they have already died. Love is as persistent as Sheol because it never changes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
484 SNG 8 6 fvz9 figs-metaphor 0 its flames burst out … any other fire Love is very powerful like fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
485 SNG 8 6 tw71 0 burst out Alternate translation: “burn suddenly”
SNG 8 7 ir3s 0 General Information: The young woman continues to speak to the man.
486 SNG 8 7 baf6 figs-metaphor 0 Surging waters cannot quench love Love is so strong that it is like a fire that is so hot that it cannot be put out even with an ocean full of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
487 SNG 8 7 j6mc 0 Surging waters Alternate translation: “Oceans of water” or “Huge amounts of water”
488 SNG 8 7 dd1i 0 cannot quench Alternate translation: “cannot extinguish” or “cannot put out”

280
en_tn_23-ISA.tsv
View File

@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ ISA 1 16 i5wc figs-metaphor 0 remove the evil of your deeds from my sight God w
ISA 1 17 h8bt figs-metaphor 0 make straight the oppression God speaks of people who oppress others as if they had made crooked something that should be straight, and he calls on them to make that object straight again. The abstract noun “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “make sure that those helpless people you have harmed no longer suffer from the bad things you have done to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 1 17 btn7 0 give justice to the fatherless Alternate translation: “be fair to the children who do not have fathers”
ISA 1 17 q1c7 0 defend the widow Alternate translation: “protect the women whose husbands have died”
ISA 1 18 uns1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Judah.
ISA 1 18 nj1x 0 Come now, and let Yahweh graciously and lovingly invites the people to listen to what he is about to say. “Please listen to me. Let” or “Pay attention; I want to help you. Let”
ISA 1 18 j1pw figs-exclusive 0 let us reason together “let us think about this together” or “we need to discuss this” or “what are we going to do?” Yahweh invites the people to discuss the future. Here the word “us” refers to Yahweh and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ISA 1 18 nf9s figs-metaphor 0 though your sins are like scarlet, they will be white like snow; though they are red like crimson, they will be like wool Isaiah is speaking of the people as if they were wearing clothes that were supposed to be white wool and of their sins as if they were red stains on the clothes. If Yahweh forgives their sins, it will be as if their clothes become white again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -72,7 +71,6 @@ ISA 1 18 ep8f figs-simile 0 like scarlet Scarlet is a bright red color. Alterna
ISA 1 18 yt5e figs-simile 0 white like snow White is often a symbol for holiness or purity. “Snow” refers to something like frozen rain that is very white. Since this simply describes something as very white, you could replace it with something else that is white: “white as a seashell” or “white as a dove.” This means that their sins will be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 1 18 qe12 figs-simile 0 red like crimson Crimson is a dark red color. Alternate translation: “dark red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 1 18 e5qz figs-explicit 0 like wool Wool is the hair of a sheep or goat. How they will be like wool can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “white like wool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 1 19 pj53 0 General Information: God continues to speak to the people of Judah.
ISA 1 19 wgy5 figs-hendiadys 0 If you are willing and obedient Here, “willing” and “obedient” are used together to express one idea. Alternate translation: “If you willingly obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
ISA 1 19 wz1z 0 you will eat the good of the land Alternate translation: “the land will produce good food for you to eat”
ISA 1 20 e2cf 0 but if you refuse and rebel Alternate translation: “but if you refuse to listen and instead disobey me”
@ -173,7 +171,6 @@ ISA 2 12 ypp7 figs-activepassive 0 who is proud and raised up One who is “rai
ISA 2 12 ew97 figs-doublet 0 who is proud … who is arrogant Someone who is arrogant speaks and acts as if he is better than other people. These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 2 12 t5zf figs-activepassive 0 he will be brought down “every proud person will be brought down.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will humble him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 2 13 icm3 figs-metaphor 0 against all the cedars of Lebanon … against all the oaks of Bashan The “day of Yahweh of Hosts” will be against the cedars and oaks. This could mean: (1) these trees are a metaphor for the proud people whom God will judge or (2) God will actually destroy these mighty trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 2 14 rx5g figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts ([Isaiah 2:12](../02/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 2 14 d97m 0 against In 2:14-16 Isaiah lists things that God will destroy. This could mean: (1) these refer to prideful people that God will humble or (2) God will actually destroy all these things in the list.
ISA 2 14 mud8 figs-metaphor 0 mountains … hills These words are metaphors for the pride of the Israelites. They also appear in [Isaiah 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 2 14 td8x figs-idiom 0 that are lifted up This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that are very high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -181,7 +178,6 @@ ISA 2 15 u56r figs-metaphor 0 high tower … impregnable wall These refer to th
ISA 2 15 y975 0 impregnable wall Alternate translation: “wall that nothing can break down or go through”
ISA 2 16 ns89 0 ships of Tarshish … beautiful sailing vessels These refer to large boats that people used to travel far on the sea and bring back goods to the cities.
ISA 2 16 a8gz 0 ships of Tarshish Alternate translation: “ships on which they go to Tarshish”
ISA 2 17 q2z3 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts ([Isaiah 2:12](../02/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 2 17 dx3l figs-activepassive 0 The pride of man will be brought low This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will bring low every proud man” or “He will humiliate every proud man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 2 17 sjb9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the haughtiness of men will fall The abstract noun “haughtiness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those people who are haughty will stop being haughty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 2 17 ij1n figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh alone will be exalted This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “people will praise only Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -192,7 +188,6 @@ ISA 2 19 r7kz 0 from the terror of Yahweh, and from the glory of his majesty S
ISA 2 19 ul48 0 from the terror of Yahweh because they are very afraid of Yahweh
ISA 2 19 dm1h figs-hendiadys 0 the glory of his majesty Here the word “glory” describes “majesty.” Alternate translation: “the beauty he has as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
ISA 2 19 p1ch 0 when he rises to terrify the earth Alternate translation: “when Yahweh takes action and causes the people of the earth to be terribly afraid of him”
ISA 2 20 dw5p figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts ([Isaiah 2:12](../02/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 2 20 x4cz translate-unknown 0 to the moles and bats Moles are small animals that dig and live underground. Bats are small flying animals that sometimes live in caves. Alternate translation: “to the animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 2 21 hs4f 0 the crevices in the rocks … the clefts of the ragged rocks If your language does not have two different words for “crevice” and “cleft,” the space that appears between the two parts of a rock when it splits, you can combine these two phrases into one.
ISA 2 21 ikz7 0 from the terror of Yahweh because they are very afraid of Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:19](../02/19.md).
@ -245,7 +240,6 @@ ISA 3 16 u9pn figs-metaphor 0 the daughters of Zion Zion, meaning here the city
ISA 3 16 hb7z 0 with their necks extended Alternate translation: “in an arrogant way””
ISA 3 16 fv4y 0 with flirting eyes Looking at men in a way that makes the men think the women want sexual relations.
ISA 3 16 ip6r 0 walking with tiny steps as they go This is how they would walk to attract men, possibly because the bracelets on their ankles were connected by chains decorated with bells so they could not take normal steps.
ISA 3 18 m1u8 translate-unknown 0 General Information: This continues to describe how Yahweh will judge the women of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 3 18 m577 figs-metonymy 0 the Lord will remove Here what the Lord causes others to do is spoken of as the Lord doing it himself. Alternate translation: “the Lord will cause others to remove” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 3 18 ify9 0 ankle jewelry a decoration that women wear on the ankle, just above the foot
ISA 3 18 r8vh 0 head bands a decoration that women wear over the head and hair
@ -304,7 +298,6 @@ ISA 5 3 v4cu 0 Jerusalem … Judah “Judah” was the name of the southern ki
ISA 5 3 c6vk figs-metaphor 0 judge between me and my vineyard The idea of a space separating two things is often used to express the idea of choosing one or the other of those things. Alternate translation: “decide who has acted right, I or my vineyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 5 4 cy5z figs-rquestion 0 What more could have been done for my vineyard, that I have not done for it? The owner uses this question to make a statement about his vineyard. This rhetorical questions can be translated as a stataement. Alternate translation: “I have done all that I could do for my vineyard!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 5 4 ka3q figs-rquestion 0 When I looked for it to produce grapes, why did it produce wild grapes? The owner uses a question to say that his vineyard should have produced good grapes. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I wanted it to make good grapes, but it only produced worthless grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 5 5 j11d figs-parables 0 General Information: In Isaiah’s parable, the owner of the vineyard continues to talk about his vineyard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
ISA 5 5 d9l9 0 remove the hedge “take away the border of bushes.” A hedge is a row of bushes or small trees that have been planted in order to protect a garden or some other kind of area. Here “hedge” probably refers to the thorn bushes that were planted to grow on the stone wall surrounding the vineyard.
ISA 5 5 msh2 0 I will turn it into a pasture “I will allow animals to go there and eat.” This is a grassy place where animals feed.
ISA 5 5 b6y6 figs-activepassive 0 it will be trampled down This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “animals will trample it down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -375,14 +368,12 @@ ISA 5 26 jin3 figs-parallelism 0 He will lift up a signal flag for far away nat
ISA 5 26 abj6 0 whistle a loud, high pitched noise a person makes with their mouth to call a person or animal that is far away
ISA 5 26 pqh3 0 they will come Alternate translation: “the enemy army will come”
ISA 5 26 i94d figs-doublet 0 speedily and promptly These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how quickly they will come. Alternate translation: “very quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 5 27 m2qf 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah. He describes it as if it were already existing ([Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md)).
ISA 5 27 q27w 0 tire … stumble … slumbers … sleeps These four words progress from being tired from work to being unable to walk well, to being unable to stay awake, to full sleep, so all four should appear in the translation.
ISA 5 27 hac2 0 Nor are their belts loose The soldiers kept their clothes tight so it would easier to move and fight.
ISA 5 27 xx4t 0 the thongs of their sandals Alternate translation: “the straps of their sandals”
ISA 5 28 j18k figs-simile 0 their horses’ hooves are like flint “their hooves are like hard stone.” Isaiah compares the hard part of a horse’s foot to flint, which is a hard stone that can cause sparks when struck. This could mean: (1) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint so to describe the frightening image of their feet causing sparks as they run or (2) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint to emphasize how strong their hooves are which enables the horse to do whatever their master want them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 5 28 a4f3 figs-simile 0 their chariot wheels like storms Isaiah compares the chariot wheels to storms in order to imply that they will destroy everything in their path. Alternate translation: “the wheels of the chariots will spin like a windstorm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 5 28 x4c6 0 chariot wheels These wheels often had sharp blades attached to them that would cut to pieces anyone the chariot passed close to.
ISA 5 29 v8gp 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah ([Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md)).
ISA 5 29 dv1u figs-metonymy 0 young lions A young age is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: “the strongest lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 5 29 jhq5 figs-metaphor 0 They will growl and seize the prey Isaiah compares the enemy killing the people of Judah to a lion killing a weaker animal. This could mean: (1) lions make a sound not as loud as a roar just before they strike, or (2) the writer is using two words to mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 5 29 kw8f 0 prey animals that another animal wants to catch and kill
@ -396,30 +387,25 @@ ISA 6 2 rmg2 0 Above him were the seraphim The word “seraphim” is the plur
ISA 6 2 rar1 translate-unknown 0 seraphim This word suggests that the creatures might have a fiery appearance or resemble snakes. Because we do not know exactly what “seraphim” means, you could translate this as “winged creatures” or “winged living things.” Or, you can borrow the word and use it in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
ISA 6 2 x82m 0 each one had six wings Alternate translation: “each seraph had six wings” or “each creature had six wings”
ISA 6 2 jct3 figs-ellipsis 0 with two each covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew The words “wings” and “seraph” are understood. Alternate translation: “with two wings each seraph covered his face, and with two wings he covered his feet, and with two wings he flew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 6 3 ie28 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe his vision.
ISA 6 3 d6y7 0 Each one called to another and said Alternate translation: “The seraphim called out to one another and said” or “The winged creatures proclaimed to one another”
ISA 6 3 vxd8 0 Holy, holy, holy, is Yahweh of hosts Repeating the word “holy” three times indicates God is completely holy. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts is holy beyond all else” or “Yahweh of hosts is completely holy”
ISA 6 3 m7tr figs-metaphor 0 The whole earth is full of his glory This speaks of the earth as if it were a container and glory were the contents in the container. Alternate translation: “Everything on the earth is evidence of God’s glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 6 4 pjk8 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe his vision.
ISA 6 4 dki2 0 The foundations of the thresholds shook at the voices of those who were crying out Alternate translation: “When the seraphim called out, their voices shook the doorways and their foundations”
ISA 6 4 tz4y figs-activepassive 0 the house was filled with smoke This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “smoke filled the temple” or “smoke filled the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 6 5 v2ty figs-activepassive 0 Woe is me! For I am doomed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am in great trouble! Terrible things will happen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 6 5 ws6z figs-metonymy 0 of unclean lips Here “lips” represent what a person speaks. And, people saying things that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if their lips were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 6 5 a6sd 0 Yahweh, Yahweh of hosts Yahweh, the ruler of the angel armies”
ISA 6 5 kz1b figs-synecdoche 0 my eyes have seen Here “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 6 6 qhb5 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe his vision.
ISA 6 6 vk6r translate-unknown 0 seraphim This word suggests that the creatures might have a fiery appearance or resemble snakes. Because we do not know exactly what “seraphim” means, you could translate these as “creatures” or “living things” or “beings.” Or you can borrow the word and use it in your language. See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 6:2](../06/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
ISA 6 6 ah6e 0 tongs a tool used for grabbing or holding objects
ISA 6 7 wf8i figs-parallelism 0 your guilt has been taken away, and your sin atoned for These two phrases say basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has taken away your guilt and has forgiven your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 6 7 g4x1 figs-metaphor 0 your guilt has been taken away Yahweh no longer considering a person to be guilty is spoken of as if “guilt” were an object that someone could take away from someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 6 8 xf27 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe his vision.
ISA 6 8 n956 figs-synecdoche 0 the voice of the Lord say Here “voice” represents the Lord himself. Alternate translation: “the Lord say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 6 8 at9k figs-explicit 0 Whom shall I send It is implied that Yahweh will send someone to speak his message to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Whom shall I send to be a messenger to my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 6 8 ria2 figs-exclusive 0 who will go for us It seems “us” refers to Yahweh and the members of his heavenly council to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ISA 6 9 vja4 0 this people Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
ISA 6 9 iq3c figs-imperative 0 Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive This could mean: (1) the imperatives “do not understand” and “do not perceive” express what God is causing to happen. Alternate translation: “You will listen, but Yahweh will not let you understand; you will look carefully, but Yahweh will not allow you to understand” or (2) the imperatives “Listen” and “see” express the idea of “if.” Alternate translation: “Even if you listen you will not understand; even if you look carefully, you will not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
ISA 6 9 m1yh figs-ellipsis 0 Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “Listen to Yahweh’s message, but do not understand what it means; look at what Yahweh is doing, but do not realize what it means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 6 10 j69r 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he must do when Yahweh sends him to preach to the people.
ISA 6 10 q3as figs-metonymy 0 Make the heart of this people insensitive Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. A person who does not think clearly and is unable to understand and care about what is happening is spoken of as if his heart were insensitive. Alternate translation: “Make these people unable to understand” or “Make the minds of these people dull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 6 10 wd4q 0 Make the heart of this people It may be more natural to translate “heart” and “this” as plurals. Alternate translation: “Make the hearts of these people”
ISA 6 10 ffe8 0 Make the heart … insensitive This command means that Yahweh will use Isaiah’s message to cause the people to understand even less and to make them less sensitive to what Yahweh is doing.
@ -455,12 +441,10 @@ ISA 7 3 cts4 translate-names 0 Launderer’s Field A launderer is either: (1) a
ISA 7 4 tuu2 0 Tell him Alternate translation: “Tell Ahaz”
ISA 7 4 ze8i figs-metaphor 0 do not be afraid or intimidated by these two smoldering firebrands, by the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram, and of Pekah son of Remaliah God compares Rezin and Pekah to burning sticks whose fire has gone out and are making smoke now. God is emphasizing that they are not real threats to Judah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do not let Rezin and Pekah make you afraid; their fierce anger is like a burning stick whose fire has gone out and there is only smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 7 4 uy6n figs-doublet 0 afraid or intimidated The words “afraid” and “intimidated” mean the same thing and can be translated as one word. Alternate translation: “afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 7 5 m5i9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he should tell Ahaz ([Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md)).
ISA 7 5 ss12 figs-metonymy 0 Aram, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah The words “Aram” and “Ephraim” refer to the kings of these lands. Also, “Ephraim” represents the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Rezin the king of Aram and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 7 5 qp64 0 Remaliah This is the name of a man. Translate his name as in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md).
ISA 7 5 ysl6 figs-you 0 have planned evil against you Here “you” is singular and refers to Ahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 7 6 yu1t translate-names 0 son of Tabeel It is unknown who this man is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 7 7 m94b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he should tell Ahaz ([Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md)).
ISA 7 8 vb6l figs-metonymy 0 the head of Damascus is Rezin Here “head” is a metonym for the most important part. It is implied that Rezin is only a man, and therefore cannot stop Yahweh’s plan. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king of Damascus is Rezin, who is only a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 7 8 y681 translate-numbers 0 sixty-five years “65 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ISA 7 8 gc27 figs-activepassive 0 Ephraim will be shattered and will no longer be a people Here “Ephraim” refers to all of the northern kingdom of Israel. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an army will destroy Ephraim, and there will no longer be a people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -477,14 +461,12 @@ ISA 7 14 s44h translate-names 0 his name Immanuel Translators may add a footnot
ISA 7 15 jl15 figs-explicit 0 He will eat curds and honey when he knows to refuse the evil and choose the good This could mean: (1) “By the time that child is old enough to eat curds and honey, he will be able to reject what is evil and choose what is good.” This emphasizes that the child will be very young when he knows to choose what is right instead of wrong or (2) “By the time the child is old enough to reject what is evil and choose what is good, he will be eating curds and honey.” The people of Judah considered a child to be responsible for doing what is right when he was 12 years old. This emphasizes that within twelve years the people will be able to eat much curds and honey because most of the people of Israel will be killed or taken as captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 7 15 s9yg 0 curds milk that people have treated to make it into a soft solid
ISA 7 15 di2m figs-nominaladj 0 refuse the evil and choose the good Here “the evil” and “the good” refer to evil and good things in general. Alternate translation: “refuse to do evil deeds and choose to do good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ISA 7 16 e7h5 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the sign that God will give the house of David.
ISA 7 16 dht9 figs-nominaladj 0 refuse the evil and choose the good Here “the evil” and “the good” refer to evil and good things in general. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:15](../07/15.md). Alternate translation: “refuse to do evil deeds and choose to do good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ISA 7 16 f8jq figs-you 0 you dread “you fear.” Here “you” is singular and refers to Ahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 7 17 z85k 0 your people This refers to the people of Judah.
ISA 7 18 nk5k 0 At that time before the child knows to refuse the evil and choose the good ([Isaiah 7:15](../07/15.md))
ISA 7 18 n7m9 0 Yahweh will whistle for Alternate translation: “Yahweh will call” or “Yahweh will summon”
ISA 7 18 qve8 figs-metaphor 0 for a fly from the distant streams of Egypt, and for a bee from the land of Assyria Here the armies of Egypt and Assyria are spoken of as if they are insects that will invade the land of Israel. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “for the armies of Egypt and Assyria, and their soldiers will be everywhere like flies and bees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 7 20 l6c2 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the time when the army of Assyria will attack Israel.
ISA 7 20 v8kp figs-metaphor 0 the Lord will shave with a razor that was hired beyond the Euphrates River—the king of Assyria The word “razor” is a metaphor for the king of Assyria and his army, and Yahweh speaks of the king as if the king were a man who would do Yahweh’s work and then receive money from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the Lord will call the king of Assyria from beyond the Euphrates River to work for him to shave you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 7 20 d2rx figs-activepassive 0 that was hired This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he bought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 7 20 yli5 0 the head … the hair of the legs … also … the beard It was bad to have someone shave the top of the head; it was worse to have someone shave “the hair of the legs”; it was worst of all to have someone shave the beard.
@ -493,7 +475,6 @@ ISA 7 20 tyl9 figs-metonymy 0 the head Here “the head” represents the hair
ISA 7 20 tkw6 figs-euphemism 0 the hair of the legs This could mean: (1) this is a polite way to speak of the hair on the lower body or (2) this speaks of the hair on the legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ISA 7 20 a1pl 0 it will also sweep If your language requires a person to be the subject of “will … sweep,” you can say, “the Lord will also sweep.” Alternate translation: “the razor will also sweep”
ISA 7 22 tsx4 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the abundance of milk which they shall give The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “because they will give so much milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 7 23 h6cj 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the time when the army from Assyria will attack the land of Israel.
ISA 7 23 b3ry translate-numbers 0 there were a thousand vines … briers and thorns “there were 1,000 vines.” That is, when Isaiah wrote, there were vineyards, in some of which were 1,000 vines or more each. He says that these vineyards will become full of briers and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ISA 7 23 y1fr translate-numbers 0 a thousand silver shekels “1,000 silver shekels.” A shekel is a silver coin worth 4 days wage. Alternate translation: “1,000 silver coins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
ISA 7 23 hu8n figs-doublet 0 briers and thorns The words “briers” and “thorns” both refer to useless, thorny plants. It is not necessary to translate both words. Alternate translation: “thorn bushes” or “brier bushes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -512,7 +493,6 @@ ISA 8 7 pbf5 0 bring up on them The verb is “bring up”; the adverb is “o
ISA 8 7 ctu2 0 on them Alternate translation: “on the people of Judah”
ISA 8 7 t9mv figs-metaphor 0 the waters of the River, mighty and many, the king of Assyria and all his glory The river symbolizes the army of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the army from Assyria, which is powerful like a mighty river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 8 7 x441 0 the River the Euphrates River in Assyria
ISA 8 8 ek4i 0 General Information: The Lord continues to describe the army of Assyria as a river that will flood Judah ([Isaiah 8:7](../08/07.md)).
ISA 8 8 ye6u figs-metaphor 0 The River will sweep onward into Judah, flooding and passing on, until it reaches to your neck The army of Assyria is like a flood of water. Alternate translation: “More and more soldiers will come like a river rising up to your neck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 8 8 yl2k figs-metonymy 0 The River This refers to the Euphrates River in Assyria. This is a metonym for the Assyrian soldiers, who will come from their homes by the Euphrates River ([Isaiah 8:7](../08/07.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 8 8 w2iu figs-metaphor 0 Its outstretched wings will fill This could mean: (1) as “the River” in the metaphor rises, its “wings” flow over and cover what had been dry land or (2) Isaiah changes metaphors and now speaks of Yahweh as a bird who is protecting the land, “But his outstretched wings will cover.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -526,7 +506,6 @@ ISA 8 11 svz5 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh spoke to me, with his strong hand upon me Her
ISA 8 11 pq3u figs-quotations 0 warned me not to walk in the way of this people. This is an indirect quote that ends in 8:17. Alternate translation: “warned me and said, ‘Do not act like this people.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
ISA 8 12 zbg2 figs-explicit 0 Do not call conspiracy anything that this people calls conspiracy The people imagine there are conspiracies, and it makes them anxious. Alternate translation: “Do not worry like this people who think someone is always trying to harm them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 8 13 nnx7 figs-quotations 0 It is Yahweh of hosts whom you will honor as holy; he is the one you must fear, and he is the one you must dread If you translate this as a direct quote, you can also translate it with Yahweh speaking in the first person: “But you will consider me, Yahweh of Hosts, as holy. And you will fear and be in awe of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
ISA 8 14 m1u3 figs-quotations 0 General Information: Isaiah continues the indirect quote of Yahweh that began in [Isaiah 8:11-13](./11.md). It can be translated as a direct quote with Yahweh speaking in the first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
ISA 8 14 pdv3 figs-metaphor 0 He will become a sanctuary The word “sanctuary” is a metaphor for Yahweh keeping his people safe and protecting them. Alternate translation: “He will protect them when they go to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 8 14 w1mv figs-doublet 0 he will be a trap and a snare to the people of Jerusalem The words “trap” and “snare” mean almost the same thing and emphasize that when Yahweh decides to punish the people of Jerusalem they will not be able to escape. Alternate translation: “he will trap the people of Jerusalem so they cannot escape him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 8 14 su1n 0 trap a device that catches a bird in a net or basket
@ -562,10 +541,8 @@ ISA 9 1 rv6s figs-metonymy 0 Galilee of the nations Here “nations” represen
ISA 9 2 emm3 figs-metaphor 0 walked in darkness … lived in the land of the shadow of death Isaiah speaks of the people living sinful lives and suffering because of it as if they had been walking in a dark or living in a land of shadow of death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 9 2 y2l2 figs-metaphor 0 a great light … light has shone Here “light” represents hope and deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 9 2 x5ah figs-idiom 0 the land of the shadow of death The phrase “shadow of death” is an idiom that means absolute darkness. Alternate translation: “the land of deepest darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 9 3 cz7j figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel. Although these events will happen in the future ([Isaiah 9:1](../09/01.md)), Isaiah describes them as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 9 3 fxk4 figs-you 0 You have multiplied the nation; you have increased their joy The word “you” refers to Yahweh. The word “their” refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah includes himself as part of Israel. Alternate translation: “Lord, you will greatly increase our people and our joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 9 3 i1jr figs-simile 0 They rejoice before you like the joy at harvest time, as men rejoice when they divide the plunder The joy that Yahweh will give Israel is described as the same kind of joy people have when they bring in a harvest or divide valuable plunder. Alternate translation: “They will rejoice before you as people rejoice when they gather their crops or when a battle is over and soldiers divide what they took” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 9 4 zgk3 figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel. Although these events will happen in the future ([Isaiah 9:1](./01.md)), Isaiah describes them as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 9 4 i6r4 figs-metaphor 0 For the yoke of his burden … you have shattered as on the day of Midian Isaiah speaks of the Israelites, who are the Assyrians’ slaves, as if they were an ox wearing a yoke. This will happen in the future, but he speaks as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “For as on the day of Midian you will set the people of Israel free from being slaves to their oppressors like a person removes a yoke from the shoulders of an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 9 4 k2hi figs-metaphor 0 For the yoke of his burden … his shoulder … his oppressor Isaiah speaks of the people of Israel as if they were one man. Alternate translation: “For the yoke of their burden … their shoulders … their oppressor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 9 4 eh66 0 the beam across his shoulder The beam is the part of the yoke that goes over the shoulders of the ox.
@ -574,7 +551,6 @@ ISA 9 4 d1k8 figs-metaphor 0 the rod of his oppressor Isaiah speaks of the powe
ISA 9 4 egd7 figs-idiom 0 as on the day of Midian The word “day” is an idiom that can refer to an event that takes more than one day to happen. Alternate translation: “as when you defeated the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 9 5 klu8 figs-activepassive 0 every boot treading in the tumult and the garments rolled in blood will be burned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will burn the boots of the soldiers and their clothes, which are covered with blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 9 5 py1z figs-explicit 0 burned, fuel for the fire This can be made more explicit by translating it as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “burned. You will make the boots and the garments fuel for the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 9 6 i19i figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel. Although these events will happen in the future ([Isaiah 9:1](./01.md)), Isaiah describes them as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 9 6 h5x2 figs-parallelism 0 For to us a child has been born, to us a son has been given These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word “us” refers to both the speaker and the hearer and so is inclusive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For the Lord will give to us a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 9 6 g3lc figs-metaphor 0 the rule will be on his shoulder His authority to rule is spoken of as if it were the robe that is a symbol of his authority. Alternate translation: “he will wear his royal robe on his shoulder” or “he will have authority to rule as king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 9 6 r5cf 0 Counselor one who advises kings
@ -637,7 +613,6 @@ ISA 10 7 qn96 figs-doublet 0 It is in his heart to destroy and eliminate many n
ISA 10 8 pc5q figs-rquestion 0 Are not all my princes kings? The king of Assyria uses a question to emphasize what he believes everyone should already know. Alternate translation: “I have made captains of my army kings over lands I have conquered!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 10 9 y1s2 figs-rquestion 0 Is not Kalno like Carchemish? Is not Hamath like Arpad? Is not Samaria like Damascus? The king of Assyria uses these questions for emphasis. Alternate translation: “Kalno is no different from Carchemish. Hamath is no different from Arpad. Samaria is no different from Damascus. I have conquered them all!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 10 9 gl7w translate-names 0 Kalno … Carchemish … Hamath … Arpad These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 10 10 hfe3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to quote what the king of Assyria says ([Isaiah 10:8](../10/08.md)).
ISA 10 10 nda6 figs-metonymy 0 As my hand has overcome “Hand” here is a reference to military strength. Alternate translation: “As my powerful army has defeated” or “As I have conquered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 10 10 tpk7 0 my This refers to the king of Assyria.
ISA 10 10 zf5l 0 whose carved figures were greater During this time people believed that the greatness of an idol showed how powerful the kingdom that had built it was. The king of Assyria is saying that because the idols in Jerusalem are not as great as the idols of the kingdoms he has defeated, Jerusalem would be less able to defeat him than they were.
@ -740,7 +715,6 @@ ISA 11 7 i5nr figs-genericnoun 0 The cow … the ox The phrases refer to these
ISA 11 7 u76u translate-unknown 0 bear a very large animal with thick hair and sharp claws that kills and eats other animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 11 7 jf3m 0 will graze together Alternate translation: “will eat grass together”
ISA 11 7 shd9 0 their young This refers to the animals’ offspring shortly after they are born.
ISA 11 8 hu82 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the complete peace in the world when the king rules.
ISA 11 8 bkr7 figs-explicit 0 A baby will play over the hole of the snake It can be stated clearly that the baby will be safe because the snake will not bite it. Alternate translation: “Babies will play safely over the hole of the snake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 11 8 nmp6 figs-genericnoun 0 the snake … the serpent’s den These phrases refer to poisonous snakes in general. Alternate translation: “snakes … serpents’ dens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
ISA 11 8 c4md 0 the weaned child a child who no longer drinks its mother’s milk
@ -766,7 +740,6 @@ ISA 11 15 hj6s 0 so it can be crossed over in sandals Alternate translation:
ISA 11 16 e52k 0 There will be a highway A highway is a large road that many people can travel on. “Yahweh will make a road”
ISA 11 16 b1xk 0 in their coming up from the land of Egypt Alternate translation: “when they came up from the land of Egypt”
ISA 12 intro x9cy 0 # Isaiah 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “That day”<br>The time of this day is unclear. It may be a time in the near future for Isaiah, or a time in the distant future for him. In the latter case, it would reference the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Tense<br>Extra care must be taken in translating the tense of this chapter. The author talks about the future, but frequently changes to speak in the present tense. Some languages will have difficulty speaking in this way.
ISA 12 1 yv6k 0 General Information: Here Isaiah continues to describe what it will be like when the king that God has chosen rules ([Isaiah 11:1-2](../11/01.md)).
ISA 12 1 b681 figs-explicit 0 On that day It can be stated clearly what time is being referred to. Alternate translation: “At that time” or “When the king rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 12 1 cgh8 figs-personification 0 your wrath has turned away God’s wrath is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away and leave. It means that God has stopped being angry. Alternate translation: “You are no longer angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 12 2 il35 figs-metaphor 0 God is my salvation God causing someone’s salvation is spoken of as if God were that salvation. The abstract noun “salvation” can be expressed with the noun “savior” or the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “God causes my salvation” or “God is my savior” or “God is the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -777,7 +750,6 @@ ISA 12 3 ig6e figs-metaphor 0 With joy you will draw water from the wells of sa
ISA 12 4 ut6u figs-metonymy 0 call upon his name Here “his name” refers to Yahweh. Calling on him represents either praising him or asking him for help. Alternate translation: “praise him loudly” or “call to him to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 12 4 jq63 figs-abstractnouns 0 declare his deeds among the peoples The noun “deeds” can be expressed with the phrase “what he has done.” Alternate translation: “Tell the peoples about the great things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 12 4 wi1x figs-metonymy 0 proclaim that his name is exalted Here “his name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “proclaim that he is exalted” or “proclaim that he is great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 12 5 b7hk 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to tell what the people will say when the king rules.
ISA 12 6 b2j7 0 for great in your midst is the Holy One of Israel Alternate translation: “because the Holy One of Israel, who lives among you, is mighty” or “because the Holy One of Israel is mighty and he lives among you”
ISA 13 intro qak7 0 # Isaiah 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophecies<br>It is unclear who is addressed by these prophecies. At times, it appears to be the people of Judah, while at other times it seems to reference the last days. This ambiguity should remain in translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
ISA 13 1 ifl8 figs-metonymy 0 about Babylon The name of the city stands for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “about the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -815,7 +787,6 @@ ISA 13 11 j6vq figs-metaphor 0 will bring down the arrogance of the ruthless Be
ISA 13 12 myy1 figs-explicit 0 I will make men more rare than fine gold Why there will be so few people can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will cause so many people to die that living people will be more rare than fine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 13 12 fe8w figs-parallelism 0 men more rare than fine gold … mankind harder to find than the pure gold of Ophir These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 13 12 bwf1 translate-names 0 pure gold of Ophir Ophir was the name of a place where there was pure gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 13 13 k82m 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 13 14 d26d translate-unknown 0 Like a hunted gazelle or like a sheep with no shepherd Yahweh speaks of the defenseless people of Israel as if they were a gazelle or a sheep that was being chased by hunters or wild animals. Alternate translation: “Like gazelles that run away swiftly when people hunt them, and like sheep that have no shepherd run away from wild animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 13 14 mn88 translate-unknown 0 gazelle an animal that is similar to a deer. People hunt them, and wild animals sometimes attack and kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 13 14 x7hp 0 like a sheep with no shepherd Sheep that have no shepherd have no one to protect them from wild animals that attack and kill them.
@ -943,12 +914,10 @@ ISA 15 2 z4py translate-names 0 Dibon … Nebo … Medeba These are names of ci
ISA 15 2 bsv6 figs-idiom 0 went up to the heights to weep Here “up to the heights” refers to a temple or altar that was built on high ground like a hill or mountain side. Alternate translation: “went up to the temple on the hilltop to weep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 15 2 kq2g figs-metonymy 0 Moab laments over Nebo and over Medeba These place names refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab will weep because of what happened to the cities of Nebo and Medeba” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 15 2 w2hx translate-symaction 0 All their heads are shaved bare and all their beards are cut off They do this to show their extreme sadness. AT” “They will all shave their heads and cut off their beards and grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ISA 15 3 cv4k 0 General Information: This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present ([Isaiah 15:1-2](./01.md)).
ISA 15 3 xag9 translate-symaction 0 they wear sackcloth They do this to show their extreme sadness. Alternate translation: “they wear sackcloth and mourn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ISA 15 4 ad56 translate-names 0 Heshbon … Elealeh … Jahaz These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 15 4 hfj7 figs-metonymy 0 Heshbon and Elealeh call out These city names represent the people of these cities. “The people of Heshbon and Elealeh call out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 15 4 e3i9 figs-metonymy 0 they tremble within themselves Physical trembling is a symptom of fear and represents fear. Alternate translation: “they will be completely filled with fear” or “they tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 15 5 yx87 0 General Information: This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present ([Isaiah 15:1-2](./01.md)).
ISA 15 5 k79u figs-synecdoche 0 My heart cries out for Moab Here God is represented by his “heart” which emphasizes his emotions. God speaks of his great sadness as if his heart cried out. Alternate translation: “I am extremely sad about what is happening to Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 15 5 ubi2 0 her fugitives flee “the fugitives from Moab will flee.” A fugitive is a person who runs away so that his enemy will not capture him.
ISA 15 5 nqe8 translate-names 0 Zoar … Eglath Shelishiyah … Luhith … Horonaim These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -956,27 +925,23 @@ ISA 15 5 y7d7 figs-abstractnouns 0 over their destruction This can be reworded
ISA 15 6 yr4r translate-names 0 Nimrim This is the name of a city or town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 15 7 t1qa 0 The abundance Alternate translation: “Everything”
ISA 15 7 cqq1 0 brook of the poplars This may refer to the river at the southern border of Moab.
ISA 15 8 p12d 0 General Information: This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present ([Isaiah 15:1-2](./01.md)).
ISA 15 8 me26 figs-metaphor 0 The cry has gone around the territory of Moab People’s crying out and others hearing it is spoken of as if the cry had gone out. Alternate translation: “People all over the territory of Moab cry out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 15 8 teq6 0 the wailing as far as Eglaim and Beer Elim The words “has gone” are understood. People’s wailing and others hearing it is spoken of as if the wailing had gone as far away as these two places. Alternate translation: “the wailing has gone as far as Egalim and Beer Elim” or “people even as far away as Elaim and Beer Elim wail”
ISA 15 8 sc3g translate-names 0 Eglaim … Beer Elim These are names of cities and towns. Dimon was the principal city of the country of Moab. Several modern versions have “Dibon” instead of “Dimon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 15 9 fd7d translate-names 0 Dimon This is the name of a city or town. Dimon was the principal city of the country of Moab. Several modern versions have “Dibon” instead of “Dimon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 15 9 i5we figs-metonymy 0 but I will bring even more upon Dimon Here “I” refers to Yahweh. Also, “Dimon” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “but I will cause even more trouble for the people of Dimon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 16 intro ww5p 0 # Isaiah 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter and is a prophecy against the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:1-12.
ISA 16 1 cc7x 0 General Information: This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. This verse is probably what God says the rulers of Moab will say to each other ([Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)).
ISA 16 1 tn1s translate-symaction 0 Send rams to the ruler of the land The Moabites will send rams to the king of Judah so that he might protect them from the enemy army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ISA 16 1 yi43 translate-names 0 Selah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 16 1 g19r figs-idiom 0 the daughter of Zion The “daughter” of a city means the people of the city. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Zion” or “the people who live in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 16 2 teb4 figs-simile 0 As wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so the women of Moab are at the fords of the Arnon River All the people of Moab, which includes the women, are forced to flee from their homes. Alternate translation: “Like birds without a home, the women of Moab will flee across the river to another land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 16 2 r8tb figs-doublet 0 As wandering birds, as a scattered nest These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 16 3 d1qp 0 General Information: This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. Verses 3 and 4 is probably the message that the Moabite rulers send to the king of Judah ([Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)).
ISA 16 3 sm3j figs-metaphor 0 provide some shade like night in the middle of the day The heat of the middle of the day represents the Moabites’ suffering from their enemies, and shade represents protection from their enemies. Comparing the shade to night shows that they want strong protection. Alternate translation: “protect us completely from our enemies as a large shadow protects people from the hot sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 16 4 kq3e 0 Let them live among you, the refugees from Moab “Allow the refugees from Moab to live with you.” Here “you” refers to the people of Judah.
ISA 16 4 q1sn figs-metaphor 0 be a hiding place for them from the destroyer Providing a hiding place is spoken of as being a hiding place. Alternate translation: “give them a place to hide from those who are trying to destroy them” or “hide them from those who want to destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 16 5 uvx1 figs-metonymy 0 A throne will be established in covenant faithfulness Here “throne” refers to the power to rule as king. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be faithful to the covenant and he will appoint a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 16 5 v5l7 figs-metonymy 0 one from David’s tent will faithfully sit there Here “David’s tent” represents David’s family, including his descendants. Sitting on the throne represents ruling. Alternate translation: “a descendant of David will rule faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 16 5 e78m figs-metaphor 0 as he seeks justice Seeking justice represents wanting to do what is just. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 16 6 fy9x 0 General Information: This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present ([Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)).
ISA 16 6 k39y figs-metonymy 0 We have heard of Moab’s pride, his arrogance, his boasting, and his anger The words “Moab’s” and “his” refer to the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “We have heard that the people of Moab are proud and arrogant, boastful and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 16 6 w42t 0 We have heard Possible meanings are that: (1) Isaiah is speaking and “We” refers to him and the people of Judah, or (2) God is speaking and “We” refers to God.
ISA 16 6 h6ze 0 But his boastings are empty words Alternate translation: “But what they say about themselves means nothing” or “But what they boast about is not true”
@ -984,18 +949,15 @@ ISA 16 7 p8b8 figs-metonymy 0 So Moab wails for Moab—they all wail “Moab”
ISA 16 7 pea5 0 for the raisin cakes of Kir Hareseth Alternate translation: “because there are no raisin cakes in Kir Hareseth”
ISA 16 7 hn3v 0 raisin cakes The Hebrew word used here means either “raisin cakes” or “men.”
ISA 16 7 u3tz translate-names 0 Kir Hareseth “Kir Hareseth” is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 16 8 v7h6 0 General Information: This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it happened in the past ([Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)).
ISA 16 8 tyy8 0 Heshbon Translate the name of this city as you did in [Isaiah 15:4](../15/04.md).
ISA 16 8 ce7l translate-names 0 Sibmah … Jazer These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 16 8 h33k figs-metaphor 0 The rulers of the nations have trampled the choice vines The land of Moab was known for its vineyards. Here God describes the land of Moab as one large vineyard. This emphasizes that the rulers, which refers to the armies, completely destroyed everything in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 16 9 p1lz 0 General Information: This continues to describe the land of Moab as one large vineyard ([Isaiah 16:8](../16/08.md)). God describes events that will happen in the future as if they are happening in the present.
ISA 16 9 b6jh 0 Indeed I will weep In 16:9-10 the word “I” refers to Yahweh.
ISA 16 9 r1yu figs-metaphor 0 I will water you with my tears God speaks of his deep sorrow for these places as if he would cry much and his many tears would fall on them. Alternate translation: “I will cry much for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 16 9 c583 0 Jazer … Sibmah Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Isaiah 16:8](../16/08.md).
ISA 16 9 l7qj 0 Heshbon … Elealeh Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Isaiah 15:4](../15/04.md).
ISA 16 9 uuj5 figs-metonymy 0 For on your fields of summer fruits and harvest I have ended the shouts of joy The “shouts of joy” represent people shouting for joy about the harvest of their fruit trees. Alternate translation: “Because of what I will do, you will no longer shout for joy when you harvest your fields of summer fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 16 10 zu17 figs-metonymy 0 I have put an end to the shouts of the one who treads Here “the shouts” refers to the joy of the people who tread the grapes to produce the wine. Alternate translation: “therefore the people who tread the grapes do not shout with joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 16 11 hh15 0 General Information: This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present ([Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)).
ISA 16 11 yx3n figs-synecdoche 0 So my heart sighs like a harp for Moab The phrase “my heart” represents Yahweh and his sad feelings. He compares his sigh to the sound of a sad song played on a harp. Alternate translation: “So I sigh like a sad song on a harp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 16 11 bc51 figs-metonymy 0 Moab This refer to the people of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 16 11 r8w1 figs-ellipsis 0 my inward being for Kir Hareseth The phrase “my inward being” represents Yahweh. The word “sighs” is understood from the previous phrase. See how you translated Kir Hareseth in [Isaiah 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “my inward being sighs for Kir Hareseth” or “I am very sad for the people of Kir Hareseth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -1017,7 +979,6 @@ ISA 17 4 d7vw 0 It will come about This phrase is used here to mark an importa
ISA 17 4 zp66 figs-metonymy 0 the glory of Jacob will become thin, and the fatness of his flesh will become lean Here “Jacob” refers to the kingdom of Israel. Israel would no longer be glorious. Rather it would be weak and poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 17 5 xe3f figs-simile 0 It will be as when a harvester gathers the standing grain … in the Valley of Rephaim There will be nothing left in the land after God punishes the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 17 5 m9mp translate-names 0 the Valley of Rephaim This is a valley where people normally grew and harvested much food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 17 6 t6d1 0 General Information: This continues to compare the nation of Israel with a field after it is harvested ([Isaiah 17:4-5](./04.md)).
ISA 17 6 l99v figs-metaphor 0 Gleanings will be left The word “Gleanings” here represents the people who will still live in Israel. Alternate translation: “But there will be a few people left in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 17 6 jq39 figs-simile 0 as when the olive tree is shaken People harvested olive trees by shaking them so that the olives would fall out. Alternate translation: “like the few olives that remain on the olive trees after people harvest them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 17 6 ghf6 figs-ellipsis 0 four or five The word “olives” is understood from the phrase before this. Alternate translation: “four or five olives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -1236,12 +1197,10 @@ ISA 22 6 qte5 figs-metonymy 0 Elam takes up the quiver The quiver is a bag to c
ISA 22 6 v2pq figs-metonymy 0 Kir lays the shield bare Here “Kir” represents the soldiers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers of Kir will take their shields out of their covers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 22 6 x6a2 translate-names 0 Kir Kir is a city in Media. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 22 7 hn61 0 your choicest valleys Here “your” refers to the people of Jerusalem. Isaiah does include himself as one of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “our best valleys”
ISA 22 8 f395 figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when an army will attack the people of Jerusalem. Past tense verbs can be translated with future tense verbs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 22 8 yr3v figs-abstractnouns 0 He took away the protection of Judah The abstract noun “protection” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will take away everything that has protected the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 22 8 a1h5 figs-idiom 0 you looked in that day to the weapons Here the phrase “to look to” means to trust in something. Alternate translation: “to defend yourselves you will get the weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 22 8 mz5j 0 Palace of the Forest This was a part of the temple in Jerusalem where they stored their weapons.
ISA 22 9 b84f figs-explicit 0 you collected the water of the lower pool The people will store water so that they will have enough to drink while their enemies surround the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 22 10 maq8 figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when an army will attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 22 10 ypg7 0 You counted the houses Here “counted” means they inspected the houses to find material to help them rebuild the city wall.
ISA 22 11 by9j 0 You made a reservoir Alternate translation: “You made a storage place”
ISA 22 11 jt97 0 between the two walls It is unclear what two walls Isaiah meant. The main point is that they built the reservoir within the city walls.
@ -1257,12 +1216,10 @@ ISA 22 15 lkg6 figs-metonymy 0 who is over the house Here “house” represent
ISA 22 16 ly8w figs-rquestion 0 What are you doing here and who gave you permission … in the rock? Yahweh uses this question to scold Shebna. Alternate translation: “You have no right … in the rock!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 22 16 kv47 figs-parallelism 0 cut out a tomb … hewing out a grave … carving out a resting place These three phrases all refer to making a burial tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 22 16 ux5x figs-explicit 0 on the heights The most important people in Israel had tombs in the highest places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 22 17 di6f 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to speak God’s message to Shebna.
ISA 22 18 g81e figs-metaphor 0 He will surely wind you round and round, and toss you like a ball into a vast country The enemy soldiers coming and taking Shebna as a captive to a foreign land is spoken of as if Yahweh were throwing him like a ball into another land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 22 18 i1nz figs-metonymy 0 you will be the shame of your master’s house Here “house” represents the people who work in the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “you will cause shame for all those in your master’s palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 22 19 jhf3 figs-metaphor 0 I will thrust you from your office and from your station. You will be pulled down Yahweh causing Shebna to no longer work in the king’s palace is spoken of as if Yahweh will throw him to the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 22 19 gg54 figs-activepassive 0 You will be pulled down This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bring you down from your honored position” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 22 20 mt6s 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to speak God’s message to Shebna.
ISA 22 20 pfi1 0 It will come about on that day Alternate translation: “It will happen at that time”
ISA 22 20 t9nz translate-names 0 Eliakim … Hilkiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 22 21 hnw8 figs-metaphor 0 I will clothe him with your tunic and put on him your sash Yahweh causing Eliakim to take Shebna’s place in the king’s palace is spoken of as if Yahweh will dress Eliakim in Shebna’s clothes that represent his authority in the king’s palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1272,18 +1229,15 @@ ISA 22 21 xz46 figs-metonymy 0 into his hand Here “hand” represents power o
ISA 22 21 h2he figs-metaphor 0 He will be a father Eliakim caring for and protecting the people of Judah is spoken of as if he would be their father. Alternate translation: “He will be like a father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 22 21 y2lj figs-metonymy 0 to the house of Judah Here “house” represents the people. Alternate translation: “to the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 22 22 q3km figs-metonymy 0 I will place the key of the house of David on his shoulder … none will open Here “key” represents authority. This speaks of Eliakim having authority that no one can oppose as if he had the key to the palace and no one else could lock or unlock the door. Alternate translation: “I will put him in charge of those who work in the king’s palace, and when he makes a decision no one will be able to oppose him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 22 23 yx5j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe Eliakim, who will replace Shebna in the king’s palace.
ISA 22 23 h3j8 figs-metaphor 0 I will fasten him, a peg in a secure place Yahweh causing Eliakim’s authority to be strong and secure in the king’s palace is spoken of as if Eliakim were a peg and Yahweh will set him firmly in the palace wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 22 23 re2x figs-metonymy 0 he will become a seat of glory for his father’s house Here “seat of glory” represents a place of honor. Alternate translation: “Eliakim will bring honor to his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 22 23 vm1p figs-metonymy 0 his father’s house Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “his father’s family” or “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 22 24 gzh4 figs-metaphor 0 They will hang on him all the glory of his father’s house Yahweh causing Eliakim’s whole family to be honored because of Eliakim is spoken of as if Eliakim were a peg in the wall and his family were something that hangs on the peg. Alternate translation: “They will give honor to his whole family because of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 22 24 p4as figs-metaphor 0 every small container from the cups to all the jugs This continues to speak of Eliakim as a peg. His offspring will be like cups that hang on the peg. This means his descendants will be honored because of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 22 24 y52b 0 the cups to all the jugs A cup is a small container that holds water. A jug is a larger container that holds water.
ISA 22 25 nw7j 0 General Information: This continues the imagery from [Isaiah 22:23-24](./23.md).
ISA 22 25 tll3 figs-metaphor 0 the peg driven in a firm place … will be cut off Yahweh causing Shebna to lose his authority in the king’s palace is spoken of as if Shebna were a peg in the wall that breaks off and falls to the ground. This emphasizes that Shebna thought his authority was secure but God will remove him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 22 25 l3m8 figs-metonymy 0 the weight that was on it will be cut off Here “weight” represents Shebna’s power and authority. It is spoken of as if it were an object hanging on the peg that represents Shebna. Yahweh causing Shebna to lose his power and authority is spoken of as if someone were to cut off the object that was hanging on the peg. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 23 intro zw88 0 # Isaiah 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Phoenicia<br>This chapter prophesies destruction against several cities in Phoenicia as well as in Tarshish. The exact location of Tarshish is unknown. Because of the locations mentioned in this chapter, it appears that the Assyrians will conquer many of the nations on the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
ISA 23 1 jb83 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to tell what God has judged against the nations in 13:1-23:18.
ISA 23 1 p3kt 0 A declaration about Tyre Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh declares about Tyre”
ISA 23 1 fmd1 figs-metonymy 0 Howl, you ships of Tarshish Here “ships” represents the men on the ships. Isaiah speaks to the men on the ships of Tarshish as if they could hear him. Alternate translation: “Cry out in despair you men on the ships of Tarshish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
ISA 23 1 ggd2 0 harbor an area of the sea that is near land and safe for ships
@ -1345,19 +1299,15 @@ ISA 24 4 br27 figs-parallelism 0 The earth dries up and withers, the world shri
ISA 24 4 hpm9 figs-metonymy 0 The earth … the world Both of these represent everything that is on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 24 5 me5f figs-metaphor 0 The earth is polluted by its inhabitants The people sinning and making the earth unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the people made the earth physically unclean. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people have polluted the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 24 5 mw6f 0 they have transgressed the laws, violated the statutes, and broken the everlasting covenant Alternate translation: “they have not obeyed God’s laws and statutes, and they have broken God’s eternal covenant”
ISA 24 6 nq79 figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 24 6 kcu7 figs-metaphor 0 a curse devours the earth Yahweh cursing the earth and destroying it is spoken of as if a curse were either a wild animal that completely eats the earth or a fire that completely burns up the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 24 6 an7c figs-activepassive 0 its inhabitants are found guilty This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will declare that the people are guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 24 8 aw8w figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 24 8 bpd3 0 tambourines … lyre These are musical instruments. See how you translated these in [Isaiah 5:12](../05/12.md).
ISA 24 10 cw66 figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 24 10 nje8 figs-activepassive 0 The city of chaos has been broken down This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will break down the city of chaos” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 24 10 q3a5 0 The city of chaos This could mean: (1) the city was in chaos before the Lord breaks it down; the people did not obey God, the government was corrupt, and the city was full of drinking and parties, or (2) the city will be in chaos after God breaks it down. The walls and buildings that were once built strong and tall are now in ruins on the ground. With either meaning it does not mean one city. It refers to cities in general.
ISA 24 10 rk9d figs-activepassive 0 every house is closed up and empty This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people will close up their houses and leave them empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 24 11 s8c8 0 because of the wine Alternate translation: “because there is no wine”
ISA 24 11 wxr1 figs-parallelism 0 all joy is darkened, the gladness of the land has disappeared These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “all joy will be gone from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 24 11 y34e figs-metonymy 0 gladness of the land Here “land” represents the people of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 24 12 j1wn figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 24 12 dme3 figs-abstractnouns 0 In the city is left a desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be stated as “desolate” or “empty.” Alternate translation: “The city is desolate” or “The city is left empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 24 12 zs7r figs-genericnoun 0 In the city This is not a specific city but cities in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
ISA 24 13 j5j7 figs-simile 0 as when an olive tree is beaten, as the gleanings when the grape harvest is done This compares the nations after Yahweh devastates the land to trees and vines after their fruit has been picked. This means there will be very few people left in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -1459,7 +1409,6 @@ ISA 26 16 m26y figs-123person 0 they looked to you Here “they” refers to th
ISA 26 16 vn3a figs-idiom 0 looked to you This idiom means they asked Yahweh for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 26 16 q3db figs-abstractnouns 0 when your discipline was on them The abstract noun “discipline” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when you disciplined them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 26 17 w2a9 figs-simile 0 As a pregnant woman … cries out in her labor pains This compares the people to a woman giving birth. This emphasizes their suffering and crying when Yahweh disciplined them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 26 18 z3re figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to compare the suffering of the people of Judah to a woman giving birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 26 18 j8g2 figs-simile 0 but it is as if we have only given birth to wind “but it is as if we have only given birth to air” or “it is like we gave birth to nothing.” This is a simile that emphasizes that the people’s suffering resulted in nothing. Alternate translation: “but nothing good resulted from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 26 18 qd8n figs-metonymy 0 We have not brought salvation to the earth, and the inhabitants of the world have not fallen Here “earth” represents the people who live on the earth. The meaning is unclear, but it seems to mean that the people of Israel have not been able to save themselves or other people by defeating their enemy in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 26 18 v5pe figs-abstractnouns 0 We have not brought salvation to the earth This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “salvation” is expressed as the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “We have not saved the inhabitants of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1491,7 +1440,6 @@ ISA 27 4 bic8 figs-metaphor 0 In battle I would march against them Yahweh fight
ISA 27 4 ij4d figs-metaphor 0 I would march against them; I would burn them all together Here Isaiah combines different images to speak of Yahweh’s enemies. He speaks of them as if they are briers and thorns but also as soldiers in an army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 27 5 j31l figs-abstractnouns 0 unless they grasp my protection This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “protection” is expressed as the verb “protect.” Alternate translation: “unless they ask me to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 27 5 je5d 0 make peace with me; let them make peace with me Alternate translation: “they ask to live peacefully with me; I want them to live peacefully with me”
ISA 27 6 n2nh 0 General Information: Isaiah is speaking. He continues to describe the people of Israel as a vineyard ([Isaiah 27:2](../27/02.md)).
ISA 27 6 cx3i figs-metaphor 0 In the coming day This speaks about a day as if it travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “In the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 27 6 f8jg figs-metaphor 0 Jacob will take root; Israel will blossom and bud Yahweh blessing the people of Israel and causing them to prosper is spoken of as if they were a vine that grows roots and blossoms. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel will prosper like a vine that has taken root and blossomed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 27 6 jk11 figs-metonymy 0 Jacob … Israel Here “Jacob” and “Israel” are metonyms that represent the descendants of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1533,7 +1481,6 @@ ISA 28 2 yjl9 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention
ISA 28 2 s6hx figs-synecdoche 0 the Lord sends one who is mighty and strong Here “one” refers to a mighty king who also represents his powerful army. Alternate translation: “the Lord sends a king with his powerful army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 28 2 xf11 figs-simile 0 storm of hail A “storm of hail” or hailstorm happens when hard pieces of ice fall from the sky. Here it is a simile that refers to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 28 2 ew8c figs-metaphor 0 he will throw each garland crown down to the ground The king and his powerful army destroying the people of Samaria and their city is spoken of as if the king will throw the people’s garlands onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 3 vm68 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to speak about the people and the city of Samaria as if they were a garland ([Isaiah 28:1-2](./01.md)).
ISA 28 3 pp4k figs-activepassive 0 The proud garland of the drunkards of Ephraim will be trodden underfoot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will crush the proud drunkards of Samaria as if they were crushing flowers under their feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 28 3 wtt6 figs-metaphor 0 proud garland … of Ephraim A “garland” is a crown made of flowers. Here it represents the city of Samaria, the capital of Israel, which sits above a fertile valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 4 qq5i figs-metaphor 0 that is on the head of the rich valley The city of Samaria, the capital of Israel, sits above a fertile valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1573,7 +1520,6 @@ ISA 28 16 tf5e figs-metaphor 0 I will lay in Zion a foundation stone … sure f
ISA 28 16 js3j 0 a tried stone Alternate translation: “a stone that is solid”
ISA 28 16 mc8y 0 a sure foundation Alternate translation: “a firm support”
ISA 28 16 pkf8 0 He who believes will not be ashamed Alternate translation: “Anyone who trusts in this foundation stone will not be sorry”
ISA 28 17 n7kr 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to compare what he will do for the people in Jerusalem to a builder setting up a building ([Isaiah 28:16](../28/16.md)).
ISA 28 17 yd66 figs-metaphor 0 I will make justice the measuring stick, and righteousness the plumbline Yahweh testing according to his justice and righteousness to determine if the people are just and righteous is spoken of as if he were a builder using tools to determine that something is the correct length and perfectly level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 17 xhn1 0 the measuring stick A builder uses a measuring stick to determine if something is the correct length.
ISA 28 17 l2vf 0 the plumbline A builder uses a plumbline to determine if something is straight and level.
@ -1581,7 +1527,6 @@ ISA 28 17 xg82 figs-metaphor 0 Hail will sweep away Yahweh causing a large amou
ISA 28 17 gv6t figs-synecdoche 0 Hail … the floodwaters This could mean: (1) these are a synecdoche representing anything in general that will cause destruction or (2) these are a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 17 hi3p 0 Hail hard pieces of ice that fall from the sky
ISA 28 17 adc4 figs-metaphor 0 the refuge of lies … the hiding place This speaks about “lies” as if they were a place a person could go to hide. They represent what the leaders of Jerusalem trusted in to keep them safe from Yahweh’s punishment. This could mean: (1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or (2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or (3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 28:15](../28/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 28 18 l9w6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 28 18 ah82 figs-activepassive 0 Your covenant with death will be dissolved, and your agreement with Sheol will not stand This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cancel the covenant you have with death, and I will cancel the agreement you have with Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 28 18 fvw2 figs-metaphor 0 covenant with death … agreement with Sheol This could mean: (1) the leaders of Jerusalem had used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:15](../28/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 28 18 n9he 0 will not stand Alternate translation: “will not last”
@ -1589,7 +1534,6 @@ ISA 28 18 mry1 figs-synecdoche 0 When the raging flood passes through This coul
ISA 28 18 var2 figs-activepassive 0 you will be overwhelmed by it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will overwhelm you” or “it will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 28 19 g9nc figs-idiom 0 morning by morning This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 28 19 g4wk figs-merism 0 by day and night This means “throughout the entire day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 28 20 xx4i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 28 20 ex86 writing-proverbs 0 For the bed is too short for a man to stretch out on, and the blanket too narrow for him to wrap himself in This was probably a proverb that the people knew at the time. It means that what they believe will keep them safe from Yahweh’s punishment will disappoint them like a bed that is too short or a blanket that is too narrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
ISA 28 21 pp9n figs-idiom 0 Yahweh will rise up Yahweh preparing to act is spoken of as if he were sitting and then rising up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 28 21 e2cw figs-explicit 0 Mount Perazim … Valley of Gibeon These refer to places where God miraculously defeated enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1604,13 +1548,11 @@ ISA 28 23 twz5 figs-parallelism 0 Pay attention and listen to my voice; be atte
ISA 28 23 lsh4 figs-metonymy 0 to my voice Here “voice” represents what Isaiah says. Alternate translation: “to what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 28 23 s1kf 0 to my words Alternate translation: “to my message”
ISA 28 24 nvu3 figs-rquestion 0 Does a farmer who plows all day to sow, only plow the ground? Does he continually break up and harrow the field? Isaiah uses rhetorical questions to make the people think deeply. Alternate translation: “A farmer does not plow the ground over and over and continually work the soil without ever sowing seed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 28 25 dam8 figs-parables 0 General Information: Isaiah continues telling a parable to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
ISA 28 25 uq3a 0 When he has prepared the ground Alternate translation: “When the farmer has plowed the soil”
ISA 28 25 fsr6 figs-rquestion 0 does he not scatter caraway seed, sow the cumin, put in the wheat in rows and the barley in the right place, and the spelt at its edges? Isaiah uses a question to make the people of Jerusalem think deeply. If your language does not have a word for each of these seeds, they can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “he will certainly plant each kind of seed in the correct way and in the proper places.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 28 25 pd1v translate-unknown 0 caraway … cumin These are names of plants that are spices. Translators may represent them in general as seeds of spices used to spice food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 28 25 v8fq translate-unknown 0 wheat … barley … spelt These are all names of plants that are grains. Translators may represent them in general as seeds of grains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 28 26 x6gc figs-parallelism 0 His God instructs him; he teaches him wisely These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helps the farmer know how to care for each kind of plant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 28 27 m9hs figs-parables 0 General Information: Isaiah continues telling a parable to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
ISA 28 27 w7aj figs-activepassive 0 the caraway seed is not threshed with a sledge This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the farmer does not separate the caraway seed from the plant with a heavy club” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 28 27 p8si 0 caraway See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:25](../28/25.md).
ISA 28 27 j2hy figs-activepassive 0 nor is a cartwheel rolled over the cumin This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nor does he roll a heavy wheel over the cumin seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1692,7 +1634,6 @@ ISA 30 1 vep2 figs-activepassive 0 but they were not directed by my Spirit This
ISA 30 1 sdp8 figs-metaphor 0 they add sin to sin Continuing to sin is spoken of as if sins were objects that could be stacked on one another. Alternate translation: “they continue to sin more and more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 30 2 ed8h figs-abstractnouns 0 They seek protection from Pharaoh This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “protection” is expressed as the verb “protect.” Alternate translation: “They ask Pharaoh to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 30 2 k8ag figs-metaphor 0 take refuge in the shadow of Egypt Egypt’s protection from enemy armies is spoken of as if it were a shadow that protects someone from the burning heat of the sun. Alternate translation: “they rely on the Egyptians to keep them safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 30 3 tal7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Judah.
ISA 30 3 frg3 figs-abstractnouns 0 Therefore Pharaoh’s protection will be your shame, and the refuge in Egypt’s shade, your humiliation This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns “protection,” “shame,” and “humiliation” are expressed as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “Therefore you will be ashamed because you relied on Pharaoh to protect you; you will be humiliated because you relied on the Egyptians to keep you safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 30 3 z473 figs-metaphor 0 the refuge in Egypt’s shade Egypt’s protection from enemy armies is spoken of as if it were a shadow that protects someone from the burning heat of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 30 4 l5kf 0 their princes Here “princes” mean an official or ambassador, not necessarily sons of the king.
@ -1701,18 +1642,15 @@ ISA 30 4 c3ut translate-names 0 Zoan … Hanes These were cities in the norther
ISA 30 4 apn6 figs-go 0 have come to Hanes Here “come” can be stated as “gone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
ISA 30 5 vs3d 0 They … them These words refer to the people of Judah.
ISA 30 5 pp3g 0 because of a people Alternate translation: “because of the people of Egypt”
ISA 30 6 h34s 0 General Information: This continues God’s declaration concerning the people of Judah.
ISA 30 6 i8pw 0 A declaration Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh declares”
ISA 30 6 h1jl figs-genericnoun 0 of the lioness and the lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent This refers to these types of animals in general. Alternate translation: “where lionesses and lions dwell, and where there are vipers and serpents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
ISA 30 6 ian2 0 fiery flying serpent Here the word “fiery” probably refers to the serpent’s poisonous bite and the word “flying” refers to its quick movements. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 14:29](../14/29.md).
ISA 30 6 rmj1 0 they carry their riches Alternate translation: “the people of Judah carry their riches”
ISA 30 7 x8ua translate-names 0 I have called her Rahab, who sits still There were popular stories about a sea monster named Rahab. The name Rahab means “strength” or “arrogance.” Alternate translation: “I call Egypt a loud boaster who does nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 30 8 u3jb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Isaiah.
ISA 30 8 umq8 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in Yahweh’s declaration about Judah. Here he tells Isaiah to do something.
ISA 30 8 uql1 0 in their presence Alternate translation: “in the presence of the people of Judah”
ISA 30 8 x97k figs-metaphor 0 for the time to come This speaks of time as if it travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “for a future time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 30 9 v3bl figs-metaphor 0 lying children, children who will not hear the instruction of Yahweh This speaks of Yahweh’s people as if they were his children. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “They behave like children who lie and do not listen to what Yahweh commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 30 10 y449 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah.
ISA 30 11 x6bb figs-metaphor 0 Turn aside from the way, stray off the path How Yahweh wants his people to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which to walk. To disobey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person strays away from Yahweh’s path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 30 11 s3c9 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 30 12 c9xs 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
@ -1739,10 +1677,8 @@ ISA 30 16 x48z figs-explicit 0 we will flee on horses Apparently these are hors
ISA 30 17 cy2g figs-ellipsis 0 One thousand will flee at the threat of one; at the threat of five you will flee The word “solider” is understood. Alternate translation: “One thousand soldiers will flee at the threat of one enemy soldier; at the threat of five enemy soldiers all of your soldiers will flee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 30 17 l2rt translate-numbers 0 One thousand “1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ISA 30 17 g8ks figs-simile 0 until your remnant will be like a flagstaff on the top of a mountain, or like a flag on a hill This simile means there will be so few people left that they will be like a single flag on top of a hill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 30 18 a5tl 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah.
ISA 30 19 nsp6 0 you will … to you … answer you Here “you” refers to the people who will live in Zion.
ISA 30 19 k2dh 0 he will answer you Alternate translation: “he will help you”
ISA 30 20 u2ns 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah.
ISA 30 20 s89h figs-metonymy 0 the bread of adversity and the water of affliction Here “bread” and “water” make up the diet of a very poor person. The whole phrase represents the hard times and poverty of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 30 20 j37h 0 your teacher This refers to Yahweh.
ISA 30 20 m8au figs-synecdoche 0 you will see your teacher with your own eyes Here “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “you yourselves will see your teacher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1750,15 +1686,12 @@ ISA 30 21 yk8d figs-synecdoche 0 Your ears will hear Here “ears” represents
ISA 30 21 gx8s 0 a word behind you saying Alternate translation: “him speaking behind you saying”
ISA 30 21 n9ys figs-metaphor 0 This is the way, walk in it How Yahweh wants his people to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path. To obey Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a person walking on his path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 30 21 day3 figs-metaphor 0 when you turn to the right or when you turn to the left Disobeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person turned left or right off of Yahweh’s path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 30 22 eg6r 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah.
ISA 30 22 z2re figs-simile 0 You will throw them away like a menstrual rag This simile means they will throw away their idols like they were garbage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 30 22 n2zf figs-personification 0 You will say to them, “Get out of here.” This speaks of the idols as if they could hear and get up and leave a place. Yahweh means that the people will no longer need or want the idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 30 23 g68j 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah.
ISA 30 23 w7ij 0 He will give Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give”
ISA 30 23 hjh1 figs-synecdoche 0 bread with abundance from the ground Here “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “he will cause the ground to produce plenty of food for you to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 30 23 llp6 0 In that day Alternate translation: “At that time”
ISA 30 24 e7ff figs-activepassive 0 that has been winnowed with a shovel and a fork Shovels and forks were used to throw the grain in the air so the wind would blow away the chaff, leaving only the part that could be eaten. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you have winnowed with a shovel and a pitchfork” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 30 25 nb4s 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah.
ISA 30 25 n5xk 0 On every high mountain … every high hill Isaiah describes what will be an ideal situation after Yahweh rescues his people. Although the language may be exaggerated, you should translate this just as Isaiah described it.
ISA 30 25 lg8s 0 in the day of the great slaughter when the towers fall Alternate translation: “when Yahweh slaughters your enemies and causes their strong towers to fall”
ISA 30 25 k7p7 0 in the day Alternate translation: “at the time”
@ -1772,7 +1705,6 @@ ISA 30 28 n6lp figs-simile 0 His breath is like an overflowing torrent This com
ISA 30 28 r2gf figs-metaphor 0 to sift the nations with the sieve of destruction Yahweh separating the people of the nations and destroying the wicked people is spoken of as if Yahweh puts the nations in a sieve. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will separate and destroy the wicked people of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 30 28 wqj9 figs-metaphor 0 His breath is a bridle in the jaws of the peoples to cause them to wander away Yahweh having the power to cause people’s plans to fail or causing them to be destroyed is spoken of as if his breath were a bridle that steers people off the correct path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 30 28 rhf2 translate-unknown 0 a bridle in the jaws of the peoples A “bridle” is a device that people put over a horse’s head to guide it. The bridle contains a small piece called a “bit” that goes in the horse’s mouth. Alternate translation: “a bridle on the heads of the peoples” or “a bit in the jaws of the peoples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 30 29 mm6g 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah.
ISA 30 29 kpk6 0 You will have a song This can be reworded so the noun “song” is stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You will sing”
ISA 30 29 m8dh figs-simile 0 as in the night when a holy feast is observed This simile emphasizes how happy the people will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 30 29 x78j figs-activepassive 0 when a holy feast is observed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when you observe a holy feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1796,7 +1728,6 @@ ISA 30 33 lpk7 figs-explicit 0 it is prepared for the king It is implied that t
ISA 30 33 nue1 0 The pile is ready with a fire and much wood Alternate translation: “The pile is ready with much wood to make a fire”
ISA 30 33 dbe3 figs-simile 0 The breath of Yahweh, like a stream of brimstone, will set it on fire This speaks of Yahweh’s breath as if it were a river of fire that will set the pile on fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 31 intro a5pj 0 # Isaiah 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>This chapter continues the series of “woes” against specific nations. It presents judgments against the people of Ephraim and Judah when they desired to make an alliance with Egypt. It also prophesies the destruction of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>The people were to trust in Yahweh. Only he could provide them with protection. They were punished for their lack of trust when they were in trouble, but Yahweh only required that they trust him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “That day”<br>This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])<br><br>### Israel<br>The use of the term “Israel” in this chapter is in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel exclusively.
ISA 31 1 h5ig 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Judah.
ISA 31 1 mn6p 0 go down to Egypt The phrase “go down” is used here because Egypt is lower in Elevation than Jerusalem.
ISA 31 1 u5k2 0 those who go down Alternate translation: “those people of Judah who go down”
ISA 31 1 fq71 figs-metaphor 0 lean on horses This speaks about people relying on their horses to help them as if they were leaning on their horses. Alternate translation: “rely on their horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1820,14 +1751,12 @@ ISA 31 4 vef8 figs-idiom 0 when a group of shepherds is called out against it T
ISA 31 4 i5s6 figs-explicit 0 from their sound The shepherds would make loud noises to try and chase away the lion. Alternate translation: “from the loud noises that they make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 31 4 jrv6 figs-explicit 0 will descend “will come down.” This refers to descending from heaven. Alternate translation: “will come down from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 31 4 wv7p figs-parallelism 0 on Mount Zion, on that hill Both of the phrases refer to Mount Zion. Alternate translation: “on Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 31 5 n1mh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 31 5 yn4w figs-simile 0 Like birds in flight, so Yahweh of hosts will protect Jerusalem Here the way that Yahweh protects Jerusalem is compared to the way that a mother bird protects her baby birds in their nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 31 5 s9xj figs-metaphor 0 he will protect and rescue as he passes over it and preserves it This speaks of how Yahweh protects and rescues Jerusalem, describing him as a bird that flies over the city. Alternate translation: “he will protect and rescue the city from it’s enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 31 5 q5mx 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
ISA 31 5 hd1t figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem This refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 31 6 puw5 0 Return to him from whom you have deeply turned away Alternate translation: “Return to the one against whom you have rebelled”
ISA 31 7 f2zn figs-synecdoche 0 that your own hands have sinfully made Here the people are referred to by their “hands” the emphasize that they made something with their hands. Alternate translation: “that you have sinned by making with you own hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 31 8 n2d8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Judah, referring to the Assyrians as though they are one person.
ISA 31 8 vll3 figs-metonymy 0 Assyria will fall by the sword; a sword not wielded by man will consume him “Sword” refers to military might. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God’s sword, and not a man’s sword, will destroy the Assyrian army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 31 8 f6pa 0 He will flee Alternate translation: “The Assyrians will flee”
ISA 31 8 ib91 figs-activepassive 0 his young men will be forced to do hard labor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies will capture their young men and force them to do hard labor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1841,7 +1770,6 @@ ISA 32 2 i91q figs-simile 0 like streams of water in a dry place This is anothe
ISA 32 2 vxn9 figs-simile 0 like the shade of a great rock in a land of weariness This is another comparison that means that the rulers will provide comfort and rest for the people. Alternate translation: “they will provide rest for the people like a huge rock gives shade to weary people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 32 3 d51u figs-metaphor 0 Then the eyes … attentively Both of these phrases emphasize that the leaders will enable the people to understand God’s truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 32 3 ile5 0 will not be dim Alternate translation: “will see clearly”
ISA 32 4 v44b 0 General Information: Isaiah continues describing the people after God restores righteous rulers in Judah ([Isaiah 32:1-3](./01.md)).
ISA 32 4 byg3 figs-nominaladj 0 The rash … the stutterer This refers to people who act rashly and people who stutter. Alternate translation: “The rash person … the stuttering person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ISA 32 5 dap4 figs-activepassive 0 The fool will no longer be called honorable This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will give honor to the fool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 32 5 zlq8 figs-activepassive 0 nor the deceiver called principled This can be stated in active form. “The deceiver” refers to a person who is deceptive. Alternate translation: “nor will anyone show respect to the person who deceives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
@ -1859,7 +1787,6 @@ ISA 32 9 yi6d figs-metonymy 0 my voice Isaiah refers to himself by his voice to
ISA 32 10 g6m5 figs-activepassive 0 your confidence will be broken This can be stated in active form. Also, Isaiah speaks of them no longer being confident as if their confidence were a physical object that is broken. Alternate translation: “you will no longer be confident” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 32 10 t219 figs-explicit 0 the grape harvest will fail This means that there would not be good grapes to harvest. Alternate translation: “there will be no grapes for you to harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 32 10 d5c3 0 the ingathering will not come Alternate translation: “the time for gathering crops will not happen”
ISA 32 11 b3cb 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking.
ISA 32 11 aq71 0 Tremble shake from fear
ISA 32 11 m37x 0 at ease Alternate translation: “secure” or “carefree”
ISA 32 11 suv5 figs-explicit 0 take off your fine clothes and make yourselves bare Here “bare” does not necessarily mean naked, but to wear minimal covering such as undergarments. Alternate translation: “take off you fine clothes and make yourself unclothed” or “take off your fancy clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1868,7 +1795,6 @@ ISA 32 12 n8hm figs-explicit 0 You will wail for the pleasant fields, for the f
ISA 32 13 t131 0 thorns and briers See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 5:6](../05/06.md).
ISA 32 13 prc1 figs-personification 0 the once joyful houses Here the houses are described as joyful because of the joyful people in them. Alternate translation: “your houses where you were once joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 32 13 az82 0 the city of revelry “your joyful city.” The word “revelry” means celebrating and partying.
ISA 32 14 i3ba 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking.
ISA 32 14 ftk1 figs-activepassive 0 For the palace will be forsaken, the crowded city will be deserted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For the people will forsake the palace and the crowds will abandon the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 32 14 ut34 figs-metonymy 0 the hill This refers to the fort built on the top of the hill. Alternate translation: “the fort on the hill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 32 14 l4wz figs-explicit 0 the hill and the watchtower will become caves This speaks of the fort and the watchtower being abandoned as if they became caves. Alternate translation: “the hill and the watchtower will become abandoned and empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1878,7 +1804,6 @@ ISA 32 15 ai5k figs-activepassive 0 until the Spirit is poured This can be stat
ISA 32 15 m9lm figs-metaphor 0 the Spirit is poured on us This speaks of Yahweh giving him Spirit to his people as if his Spirit were a liquid that he would pour on them. Alternate translation: “the Spirit is given to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 32 15 f3x2 figs-metonymy 0 from on high Here heaven is referred to as “on high.” Alternate translation: “from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 32 15 i9yh figs-activepassive 0 the fruitful field is considered as a forest This can be written in active form. This compares how overly bountiful the fruitful fields are by comparing them to a thick, dense forest. Alternate translation: “people will say that the fruitful fields have grown thick like a forest” or “the fruitful fields will be overly bountiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 32 16 p29j 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking.
ISA 32 16 uzl5 figs-personification 0 justice will reside … righteousness will live Isaiah describes “justice” and “righteousness” as a person who lives in these places. This means the people who live in these places will do what is just and right. Alternate translation: “people will act justly in the wilderness and people will act righteously in the fertile fields (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 32 17 w4zs figs-parallelism 0 The work of righteousness will be peace; and the result of righteousness, quietness and confidence forever These two phrases are parallel and both give results of righteousness. These can be combined. Alternate translation: “The result of people acting righteously is that there will be peace, and quietness, and confidence forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 32 18 q9gf 0 habitation place where people live
@ -1921,7 +1846,6 @@ ISA 33 11 m839 0 stubble The dry pieces of plants that are left in the ground
ISA 33 11 f2w8 figs-metonymy 0 your breath is a fire that will consume you Here the Assyrians’ plans are referred to as their “breath.” This speaks of their plans causing them to die as if their plans would literally burn up their bodies. Alternate translation: “your plans will cause you to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 33 12 q832 figs-simile 0 The peoples will be burned to lime, as thornbushes are cut down and are burned This compares how the peoples’ dead bodies will be burned to the way thornbushes are burned. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Fire will burn the peoples’ bodies to lime in the same way that a farmer cuts down thornbushes and burns them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 33 12 k121 0 lime the ashes from burned bones
ISA 33 13 h2cp 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak.
ISA 33 13 qf2k figs-merism 0 You who are far away, hear what I have done; and, you who are near, acknowledge my might Yahweh uses the words “far away” and “near” to mean all people. The word “might” can be expressed with the adjective “mighty.” Alternate translation: “All people everywhere hear what I have done and acknowledge that I am mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 33 14 hr7p figs-personification 0 trembling has seized the godless ones This speaks of the godless people trembling as if their trembling were an enemy that had seized them. Alternate translation: “the godless ones are overwhelmed with trembling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 33 14 l4yq figs-explicit 0 Who among us … burnings? It is implied that the sinners in Zion ask these questions. Alternate translation: “They say, ‘Who among us … burnings?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1939,7 +1863,6 @@ ISA 33 18 h85u figs-synecdoche 0 Your heart will recall the terror This refers
ISA 33 18 m1ib figs-rquestion 0 where is the scribe, where is he who weighed the money? Where is he who counted the towers? These rhetorical question are asked to emphasize that the Assyrian officials are gone. These questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “The officers of Assyria who counted the tax money that we were forced to pay to them have disappeared! Those men who counted our towers are gone!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 33 18 v7nn 0 weighed the money Money was valuable metal; its value was determined by its weight.
ISA 33 19 b6t2 0 the defiant people, a people of a strange language that you do not understand Alternate translation: “a fierce people who speak a language that you do not understand”
ISA 33 20 km19 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to speak to the people of Judah.
ISA 33 20 ex3i figs-possession 0 the city of our feasts This means that they have their festival and feasts at this city. Alternate translation: “the city where we have our feasts” or “they city where we celebrate our festivals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
ISA 33 20 gq29 figs-synecdoche 0 your eyes will see The people are referred to by their “eyes” to emphasize what they are seeing. Alternate translation: “you will see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 33 20 tj7h figs-metaphor 0 a tent that will not be removed This speaks of Zion being secure and well establish as if it were secure tent. This can be stated in active form and written as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “it will be secure, like a tent that no one will ever remove” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2056,7 +1979,6 @@ ISA 36 4 js58 0 said to them Alternate translation: “said to Eliakim, Shebna
ISA 36 4 p18f figs-rquestion 0 What is the source of your confidence? The king of Assyria uses this question to challenge Hezekiah and to say that he does not have a good source for confidence. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have no reliable source for your confidence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 36 5 qam5 figs-metonymy 0 there is counsel and strength for war “you have the council and the strength to go to war.” The phrase “strength for war” refers to having a large enough and strong enough army with weapons. Alternate translation: “you have enough military council, strong men, and weapons to go to war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 36 5 cx3g figs-rquestion 0 Now in whom are you trusting? Who has given you courage to rebel against me? The king of Assyria uses questions to ridicule Hezekiah for believing he has the strength to rebel. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No matter in whom you trust, you will not have the courage to rebel against me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 36 6 ke68 0 General Information: This continues the king of Assyria’s message to Hezekiah. The chief commander is speaking the message to Hezekiah’s men ([Isaiah 36:4-5](./04.md)).
ISA 36 6 e9jq 0 Look Sennacherib uses this word to draw Hezekiah’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
ISA 36 6 riv6 figs-metonymy 0 trusting in Egypt Here “Egypt” refers to the Egyptian army. Alternate translation: “trusting in the Egyptian army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 36 6 p2hf figs-metaphor 0 that splintered reed that you use as a walking staff, but if a man leans on it, it will stick into his hand and pierce it This speaks of Egypt, specifically its army and its Pharaoh, as if it were a splintered reed to emphasize that relying on them would not help them but would only harm them. Alternate translation: “that is like walking with a splintered reed for a staff. If a man leans on it, it will stick into his hand and pierce it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2064,10 +1986,8 @@ ISA 36 6 ha6p 0 splintered reed A reed is the long, thin stem of a plant like
ISA 36 6 d7dx 0 walking staff This is a stick that someone would use for support when walking, made of whatever kind of tree limb that is found along the way.
ISA 36 7 rnl2 figs-rquestion 0 is not he the one whose high places and altars Hezekiah has taken away … Jerusalem”? The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule the people and to imply that Yahweh was angry about what Hezekiah did and would not protect them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “he is the one whose high places and altars Hezekiah has taken away … Jerusalem.” or “he is the one whom Hezekiah insulted by tearing down his high places and altars … Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 36 7 dd7s figs-quotations 0 has said to Judah and to Jerusalem, “You must worship before this altar in Jerusalem”? This can be written as an indirect quote. “Judah” and “Jerusalem” refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “has told the people of Judah and Jerusalem that they must worship only at this altar in Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 36 8 bks6 0 General Information: This continues the king of Assyria’s message to Hezekiah by speaking the message to Hezekiah’s men ([Isaiah 36:4-5](./04.md)).
ISA 36 8 cxf8 translate-numbers 0 two thousand horses “2,000 horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ISA 36 8 kf72 figs-irony 0 if you are able to find riders for them The chief commander continues to ridicule Hezekiah and his army by implying that he did not have many soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ISA 36 9 kd1i 0 General Information: This continues the king of Assyria’s message to Hezekiah by speaking the message to Hezekiah’s men ([Isaiah 36:4-5](./04.md)).
ISA 36 9 kkc7 figs-rquestion 0 How could you resist even one captain … servants? The chief commander continues to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. When he says “you,” referring to Hezekiah, he is actually referring to Hezekiah’s army. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your army could not even defeat one captain … servants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 36 10 i4d9 figs-rquestion 0 Now then, have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this land and destroy it? The chief commander uses another question to ridicule Hezekiah and the people of Judah. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I came here with Yahweh’s command to destroy Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 36 10 lp4l figs-metonymy 0 without Yahweh Here “Yahweh” refers to Yahweh’s orders. Alternate translation: “without Yahweh’s command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2086,13 +2006,11 @@ ISA 36 12 q31n figs-explicit 0 will have to eat their own dung and drink their
ISA 36 13 r755 0 the chief commander See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 36:2](../36/02.md).
ISA 36 15 m9dz figs-activepassive 0 this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not give Jerusalem into the hand of the king of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 36 15 q7vd figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the king The king’s “hand” refers to his “control.” Alternate translation: “the control of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 36 16 t4iu 0 General Information: The chief commander continues speaking to the people of Judah.
ISA 36 16 jhn1 figs-idiom 0 Make peace with me This idiom means to agree officially to act peacefully towards one another. Alternate translation: “Let us agree to have peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 36 16 pq46 figs-idiom 0 come out to me This idiom means to surrender. Alternate translation: “surrender to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 36 17 pl47 figs-metonymy 0 until I come and take Here the king of Assyria is referring to his army as himself. Alternate translation: “until my army comes and takes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 36 17 p9x3 figs-parallelism 0 a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards These two phrase have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how prosperous the land will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 36 17 dnb3 figs-possession 0 a land of grain … a land of bread This means that they land is full of natural resources, such as grain. Alternate translation: “a land where there is plenty of grain … a land where there is plenty of bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
ISA 36 18 wdv8 0 General Information: The chief commander continues speaking the king of Assyria’s message to the people of Judah ([Isaiah 36:16](../36/16.md)).
ISA 36 18 u8gl figs-rquestion 0 Has any of the gods of the peoples rescued them from … Assyria? The chief commander uses this question to ridicule the people of Judah. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “None of the gods of the peoples rescued them from … Assyria.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 36 18 gl11 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the king The king’s control is referred to as his “hand.” Alternate translation: “the control of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 36 19 zj8l figs-rquestion 0 Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they rescued Samaria from my power? The chief commander uses these questions to ridicule the people of Judah. These questions may be combined and written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The gods of Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim, and Samaria did not rescue their people from my power.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2126,7 +2044,6 @@ ISA 37 9 d4uz translate-names 0 Sennacherib See how you translated this man’s
ISA 37 9 kcx5 translate-names 0 Tirhakah king of Cush and Egypt had mobilized to fight against him “Tirhakah” is the name of a man. He had mobilized his army so that they were ready to fight. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Tirhakah king of Cush and Egypt had mobilized his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 37 9 wd2v figs-metonymy 0 to fight against him The word “him” represents Sennacherib. Here Sennacherib represents his army. Alternate translation: “to fight against the army of Sennacherib” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 37 10 vz6u figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria This can be stated in active form. The word “hand” refers to the king’s military power. Alternate translation: “The king of Assyria and his army will not conquer you in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 37 11 l567 0 General Information: This continues the king of Assyria’s message to Hezekiah.
ISA 37 11 l934 0 See, you have heard The word “see” here is used to add emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “You have certainly heard”
ISA 37 11 vik5 figs-rquestion 0 So will you be rescued? The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. This may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “So you too will not be saved.” or “So of course no one will rescue you either!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 37 12 rk3v figs-rquestion 0 Have the gods of the nations rescued them … Tel Assar? The king of Assyria uses this question to ridicule Hezekiah and his army. This may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The nations’ god did not rescue the nations that my fathers destroyed … Tel Assar!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2142,12 +2059,10 @@ ISA 37 16 m4vb figs-explicit 0 you who sit above the cherubim You may need to m
ISA 37 16 bcb9 0 you are God alone Alternate translation: “only you are God”
ISA 37 16 z5zj figs-idiom 0 over all the kingdoms This idiom means to have authority and to rule over all the kingdoms. Alternate translation: “have authority over all the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 37 16 bl43 figs-merism 0 You made the heavens and the earth This means that he created everything. Alternate translation: “You made everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 37 17 x59g 0 General Information: Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh.
ISA 37 17 q72i figs-explicit 0 which he has sent Hezekiah is referring to the letter from Sennacherib. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “in the message he has sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 37 17 j5py 0 Turn your ear “Incline your ear” or “Turn your head.” This means to turn your head so that you can hear something better.
ISA 37 17 rq3a translate-names 0 Sennacherib See how you translated this man’s name in [Isaiah 36:1](../36/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 37 18 vwq4 figs-hyperbole 0 all the nations and their lands This is a generalization. The kings had destroyed many of the nearby lands, but not necessarily all lands. Alternate translation: “many of the nations and their lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ISA 37 19 ymw5 0 General Information: Hezekiah continues praying to Yahweh.
ISA 37 19 xdh5 figs-synecdoche 0 for they were not gods but the work of men’s hands, just wood and stone This emphasizes that humans made these idols with their own hands and are therefore worthless. Alternate translation: “because they were false gods that men made out of wood and stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 37 20 t78q 0 from his power Alternate translation: “from the king of Assyria’s power”
ISA 37 20 d95t figs-metonymy 0 all the kingdoms This refers to the people in the kingdoms. Alternate translation: “all the people in the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2160,14 +2075,12 @@ ISA 37 22 f4jf figs-idiom 0 The virgin daughter of Zion … the daughter of Jer
ISA 37 23 xes7 figs-rquestion 0 Whom have you defied and insulted?…Against the Holy One of Israel. Yahweh uses these rhetorical questions to ridicule the king of Assyria. These can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “You have defied and insulted Yahweh, you have shouted at and acted pridefully against the Holy One of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 37 23 m83m figs-metaphor 0 have you exalted your voice This refers to speaking loudly as if the person’s voice were an object that they lifted high. Alternate translation: “have you shouted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 37 23 xz28 figs-idiom 0 lifted up your eyes in pride This is an idiom that means to look at something pridefully, considering yourself more important that you should. Alternate translation: “looked at pridefully” or “acted pridefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 37 24 f2gc 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to the king of Assyria.
ISA 37 24 dt18 figs-explicit 0 By your servants This refers to the servants that he had sent to Hezekiah with a message. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “In the messages you sent with your servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 37 24 k4e1 figs-synecdoche 0 I have gone … I will cut … I will enter Here Sennacherib speaks of himself conquering many things. He is actually conquering them with the armies and chariots that he commands. Alternate translation: “We have gone … We will cut … we will enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 37 24 wv8g 0 its tall cedars Alternate translation: “Lebanon’s tall cedars”
ISA 37 24 vey3 figs-ellipsis 0 its most fruitful forest Here the word “fruitful” refers to the forest being dense and full of healthy trees. The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “and into its most fruitful forest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 37 25 gwm7 figs-synecdoche 0 I have dug … I dried … my feet Here Sennacherib speaks of himself conquering many things. He is actually conquering them with the armies and chariots that he commands. Alternate translation: “We have dug … we dried … our feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 37 25 u9gt figs-hyperbole 0 I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet Here Sennachrib is exaggerating his conquest and travels across the rivers of Egypt by claiming to have dried up the rivers when he marched his army through them. Alternate translation: “I have marched through all the rivers of Egypt as if they were dry under my feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ISA 37 26 vd5w 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to the king of Assyria.
ISA 37 26 k4vl figs-rquestion 0 Have you not heard how … times? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to remind Sennacherib of information that he should already be aware of. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly you have heard how … times.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 37 26 vpm5 figs-explicit 0 You are here to reduce impregnable cities into heaps of ruins Yahweh had planned for Sennacherib’s army to destroy the cities that they had destroyed. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I planned that your army would destroy cities and cause them to become piles of rubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 37 26 ru16 0 impregnable strong and heavily guarded
@ -2176,20 +2089,17 @@ ISA 37 27 abl4 0 of little strength Alternate translation: “who are weak”
ISA 37 27 z86i figs-metaphor 0 shattered broken into small pieces. This is a metaphor for being greatly discouraged. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 37 27 lp95 figs-metaphor 0 They are plants in the field, green grass, the grass on the roof or in the field, before the east wind This speaks of how weak and vulnerable the cities are before the Assryian army by comparing the cities to grass. Alternate translation: “The cities are as weak as the grass in the fields before your armies. They are as weak as the grass that grows on the roofs of houses and is scorched by the hot east wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 37 27 u4kj 0 before the east wind The east wind is hot and dry from the desert and plants die when it blows.
ISA 37 28 vq6a 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to the king of Assyria.
ISA 37 28 uw6e figs-merism 0 But I know your sitting down, your going out, your coming in This refers to all activities of life. Alternate translation: “I know everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 37 28 zm2q figs-abstractnouns 0 and your raging against me The word “raging” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “how you rage against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 37 29 f79t figs-metonymy 0 your arrogance Here the king’s “arrogance” refers to his arrogant speech. Alternate translation: “your arrogant speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 37 29 tv21 figs-metaphor 0 your arrogance has reached my ears This speaks of Yahweh hearing the king’s speech as if the king’s speech were something that traveled to his ear. Alternate translation: “I have heard you speaking arrogantly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 37 29 r8sq figs-metaphor 0 I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth A person uses a hook and bit to lead an animal around. This speaks of Yahweh controlling the king as if the king were an animal Yahweh controlled with a bit and hook. Alternate translation: “I will control you like a man controls his animal by place a hook in its nose and a bit in its mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 37 29 wye1 figs-explicit 0 I will turn you back the way you came This refers to causing the king to return to his own home country. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will force you to return to your own country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 37 30 cu1m 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to Hezekiah ([Isaiah 37:21](../37/21.md)).
ISA 37 30 hyd8 figs-you 0 sign for you “sign for you, Hezekiah.” Here “you” is singular and refers to Hezekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 37 30 c1n3 figs-you 0 you will eat … you must plant Here “you” is plural and refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 37 30 hw94 figs-ellipsis 0 in the second year what grows This describes what the people will eat. The words “you will eat” are understood from the previous phrase Alternate translation: “in the second year you will eat what grows” or “next year you will eat what grows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
ISA 37 30 b6di 0 what grows from that Alternate translation: “what grows wild from that” or “what grows wild”
ISA 37 30 ipd7 translate-ordinal 0 in the third year This refers to the year after the second year. Alternate translation: “the year after that” or “in the following year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
ISA 37 31 cp8q 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to Hezekiah.
ISA 37 31 frk4 0 remnant A “remnant” is a part of something that remains after the rest is gone. Here this refers to the people who are left in Judah.
ISA 37 31 ngd5 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah Here Judah’s “house” refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 37 31 jez8 figs-metaphor 0 will again take root and bear fruit This speaks of the people of Judah becoming prosperous as if they were plants that would root and bear fruit. Alternate translation: “will prosper like a plant that takes root and produces fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2200,7 +2110,6 @@ ISA 37 33 gun8 0 with shield Alternate translation: “with shields”
ISA 37 33 vdw6 0 siege ramp a large mound of dirt built against the wall of a city that better enables an army to attach the city
ISA 37 34 yz62 figs-synecdoche 0 he came … he will not enter Here the Assyrian king refers to both him and his army. Alternate translation: “they came … they will not enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 37 34 zq4h figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ISA 37 35 vmq8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 37 35 fz1d 0 for my own sake and for David my servant’s sake Alternate translation: “so that things will be better for me and for my servant David”
ISA 37 36 c1n2 figs-idiom 0 putting to death This idiom means to kill. Alternate translation: “killing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 37 36 v98a translate-numbers 0 185,000 soldiers “one hundred and eighty-five thousand soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -2220,21 +2129,18 @@ ISA 38 4 zb4v figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is use
ISA 38 5 l5ca 0 See This is used to ask the listener to pay attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
ISA 38 5 pg75 translate-numbers 0 fifteen years “15 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ISA 38 6 vqy2 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the king of Assyria Here the king’s “hand” refers to his power. Alternate translation: “the power of the king of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 38 7 zk63 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Hezekiah.
ISA 38 8 as58 0 Look Yahweh uses this word to draw the listener’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
ISA 38 8 j1py figs-explicit 0 stairs of Ahaz These stairs are referred to this way because they were built while Ahaz was king. You can make this information clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 38 10 hgb5 0 that halfway through my life “that before I have grown old.” This refers to dying at middle age, before growing old.
ISA 38 10 vkw8 figs-metaphor 0 I will go through the gates of Sheol This speaks of dying as if Sheol were a kingdom that has gates that one enters. Alternate translation: “I will die and go to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 38 10 y2v3 figs-activepassive 0 I am sent there for the rest of my years This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “before I have lived all of my years I will go to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 38 11 bn4a figs-nominaladj 0 in the land of the living “The living” refers to people who are alive. Alternate translation: “in the land where people are alive” or “in this world where people are alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ISA 38 12 pmv9 0 General Information: Hezekiah continues his written prayer.
ISA 38 12 rh4l figs-simile 0 My life is removed and carried away from me like a shepherd’s tent This speaks of how Yahweh is ending Hezekiah’s life quickly by comparing it to how a shepherd removes his tent from the ground. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has taken my life away from me quickly like a shepherd packs up his tent and carries it away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 38 12 f8qq figs-activepassive 0 My life is removed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has taken my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 38 12 eh2s figs-simile 0 I have rolled up my life like a weaver; you are cutting me off from the loom This speaks of Yahweh quickly ending Hezekiah’s life by comparing it to how a weaver cuts his cloth from the loom and rolls it up. Alternate translation: “you are ending my life quickly, like a weaver cuts his cloth from the loom when it is finished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 38 12 nyl3 figs-you 0 you are cutting Here “you” is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 38 12 u29m 0 loom a device used to weave thread together to make cloth
ISA 38 13 x3bh figs-simile 0 like a lion he breaks all my bones Hezekiah speaks of how he is in extreme pain by comparing it to having his body torn apart by lions. Alternate translation: “my pain was as though I were being torn apart by lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 38 14 al5q 0 General Information: Hezekiah continues his written prayer.
ISA 38 14 b2w9 figs-parallelism 0 Like a swallow I chirp; I coo like a dove Both of these clauses mean the same thing and they emphasize how sad and pitiful Hezekiah’s cries were. A swallow and a dove are types of birds. Alternate translation: “My cries are pitiful--they sound like the chirp of a swallow and the coo of a dove” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 38 14 qgn5 figs-synecdoche 0 my eyes Here Hezekiah refers to himself my his “eyes” to emphasize that he is looking for something. Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 38 14 bhl4 figs-explicit 0 with looking upward This refers to Hezekiah looking to heaven for God to help him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “of waiting for help to come from heaven” or “of waiting for you to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -2243,16 +2149,13 @@ ISA 38 15 f5ku figs-rquestion 0 What shall I say? Hezekiah uses a question to e
ISA 38 15 hd6w figs-idiom 0 I will walk slowly This is an idiom. Here “walking” refers to living. Alternate translation: “I will like humbly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 38 15 ph65 figs-explicit 0 all my years This refers to the rest of his life. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the rest of my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 38 15 gm6e 0 because I am overcome with grief Alternate translation: “because I am full of grief” or “because I am very sad”
ISA 38 16 iyk1 0 General Information: Hezekiah continues his written prayer.
ISA 38 16 wak7 figs-activepassive 0 may my life be given back to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may you give my life back to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 38 17 wz18 figs-explicit 0 from the pit of destruction Hezekiah did not die but he was close to dying. This refers Yahweh saving him from dying. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “from dying and going to the pit of destruction” or “so that I did not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 38 17 f8fu figs-metaphor 0 for you have thrown all my sins behind your back Hezekiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his sins as if they were objects that Yahweh threw behind himself and forgot about. Alternate translation: “for you have forgiven all my sins and no longer think about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 38 18 nm81 0 General Information: Hezekiah continues his written prayer.
ISA 38 18 n9p4 figs-metonymy 0 For Sheol does not thank you; death does not praise you Here “Sheol” and “death” refer to “dead people.” Alternate translation: “For those in Sheol do not thank you; dead people do not praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 38 18 ps5x 0 those who go down into the pit Alternate translation: “those who go down to the grave”
ISA 38 18 nf2c figs-you 0 do not hope in your trustworthiness “do not have hope in your faithfulness.” Here “your” is singular and refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 38 19 ye1q figs-parallelism 0 The living person, the living person Hezekiah repeats this phrase to emphasize that only a living person, not a dead person, can give thanks to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 38 20 nw4z 0 General Information: Hezekiah continues his written prayer.
ISA 38 20 j3ts figs-explicit 0 save me This refers to him being saved from dying. It can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “save me from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 38 20 k672 figs-exclusive 0 we will celebrate Here “we” refers to Hezekiah and the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ISA 38 21 b3bq writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. This gives background information about Isaiah and Hezekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
@ -2273,7 +2176,6 @@ ISA 39 5 rsm5 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah
ISA 39 5 hh3d 0 the word Alternate translation: “the message”
ISA 39 6 w6ck 0 Look This word is used here to draw Hezekiah’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
ISA 39 6 y5e5 figs-activepassive 0 when everything in your palace … will be carried to Babylon This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “when the enemy army will take everything in your palace … back to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 39 7 wtl9 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to speak Yahweh’s message to Hezekiah.
ISA 39 7 mls8 0 The sons born from you Alternate translation: “Your sons”
ISA 39 7 tb9y 0 they will take them Alternate translation: “the Babylonians will take them”
ISA 40 intro xc5h 0 # Isaiah 40 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Yahweh uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. These rhetorical questions help to prove the point he is making and convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “She has received double from Yahweh’s hand for all her sins”<br>It is common in many languages to use the feminine “she” to refer to a nation, rather than the word “it,” which is neither masculine or feminine. The translator should use the pronoun that aligns with the common usage in the target language. Therefore, it is acceptable to use “he,” “she,” or “it” in reference to a nation.<br><br>The phrase “received double” indicates that Jerusalem was punished more severely than the other nations. This is because they had the privilege of a special relationship to Yahweh and had more knowledge than the other nations.<br><br>### Reign of Yahweh<br>This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. It does not appear that this prophecy was fulfilled in the days of Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])
@ -2310,7 +2212,6 @@ ISA 40 12 n98i figs-metaphor 0 measured the waters in the hollow of his hand Ya
ISA 40 12 r9wq figs-metaphor 0 measured the sky with the span of his hand A “span” is the measure of length between the thumb and little finger when the hand is outstretched. Yahweh knowing the length of the sky is spoken of as if he measured it with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 40 12 hal4 figs-metaphor 0 held the dust of the earth in a basket Yahweh knowing how much dust there is on the earth is spoken of as if he carried it in a basket. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 40 12 q4eb figs-metaphor 0 weighed the mountains in scales, or the hills in a balance? Yahweh knowing how heavy the mountains are is spoken of as if he weighed them in scales and balances. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 40 13 g2yh figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Isaiah continues using questions to emphasize Yahweh’s uniqueness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 40 13 j8t8 figs-rquestion 0 Who has comprehended the mind of Yahweh, or instructed him as his counselor? This rhetorical question anticipates a negative answer and emphasizes that no one is able to do these things. Alternate translation: “No one has comprehended the mind of Yahweh, and no one has instructed him as his counselor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 40 13 vc3q 0 comprehended the mind of Yahweh Here the word “mind” refers not only to Yahweh’s thoughts, but also to his desires and motivations.
ISA 40 14 e7e8 figs-rquestion 0 From whom did he ever receive instruction? This rhetorical question anticipates a negative answer and emphasizes that no one has ever done this. Alternate translation: “He has never received instruction from anyone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2323,7 +2224,6 @@ ISA 40 17 bap7 figs-activepassive 0 they are regarded by him as nothing This ca
ISA 40 18 pv1a figs-rquestion 0 To whom then will you compare God? To what idol will you liken him? Isaiah uses two similar questions to emphasize that there is no idol that can compare with God. Alternate translation: “There is no one to whom you can compare God. There is no idol to which you can liken him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 40 18 q6aj figs-you 0 you This is plural and refers to all of God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 40 19 t66l 0 A craftsman casts it: The goldsmith overlays it with gold and forges silver chains for it Alternate translation: “A skilled worker forms it, another covers it with gold and makes a silver chain for it”
ISA 40 21 ru6j 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to God’s people.
ISA 40 21 nm2t figs-rquestion 0 Have you not known? Have you not heard? Has it not been told you from the beginning? Have you not understood from the foundations of the earth? Isaiah uses these questions to emphasize that the people should know Yahweh’s greatness as the creator. Alternate translation: “You certainly know and have heard! It has been told to you from the beginning; you have understood from the foundations of the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 40 21 p4gz figs-activepassive 0 Has it not been told you from the beginning? This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Have people not told you from the beginning?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 40 21 w7gd figs-metaphor 0 from the foundations of the earth The prophet speaks of Yahweh creating the earth as if the earth were a building for which Yahweh laid the foundation. Alternate translation: “from the time that Yahweh created the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2358,14 +2258,12 @@ ISA 41 1 kfx1 figs-parallelism 0 let them come near and speak; let us come near
ISA 41 2 ji73 figs-rquestion 0 Who has stirred up one from the east, calling him in righteousness to his service? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who caused this ruler from the east to be victorious. Alternate translation: “I am the one who called this powerful ruler from the east and put him in my good service.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 41 2 ckc3 0 He hands nations over to him Alternate translation: “I give the nations over to him” or “The one who does these things hands nations over to him”
ISA 41 2 n5yz figs-metaphor 0 He turns them to dust with his sword, like windblown stubble with his bow Turning them to dust and stubble is a metaphor or exaggeration for completely destroying everything the people of these nations have made. The armies of one from the east will conquer these nations and scatter the people easily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ISA 41 3 a4li 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the coastlands and the nations.
ISA 41 3 dk7c 0 He pursues them and passes by safely Alternate translation: “The ruler from the east pursues the nations”
ISA 41 3 iyl6 figs-metaphor 0 by a swift path that his feet scarcely touch This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which he and his army moving very quickly is spoken of as if his feet barely touch the ground. Alternate translation: “by a path on which he moves with great speed” or (2) “feet” represents the whole person and the phrase indicates that this is a path that they have not traveled before. Alternate translation: “by a path that he has never traveled before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 41 4 xap2 figs-rquestion 0 Who has performed and accomplished these deeds? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who has done these things. Alternate translation: “I have performed and accomplished these deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 41 4 lw9z figs-rquestion 0 Who has summoned the generations from the beginning? Here the word “generations” represents all of human history, which Yahweh created and directed throughout history. The rhetorical question anticipates the answer, Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I have summoned the generations of humanity from the beginning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 41 4 z51k figs-doublet 0 performed and accomplished These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 41 4 rvp7 0 the first, and with the last ones This could mean: (1) that Yahweh existed before creation and will exist at the end of creation or (2) that Yahweh was before the first generation of humanity and will be at the last generation of humanity.
ISA 41 5 xi3d 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 41 5 n6gc figs-metonymy 0 The isles … the ends of the earth These phrases represent the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “People who live on the isles … people who live at the ends of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 41 5 z1m3 0 The isles You can translate “isles” the same way you translated “coastlands” in [Isaiah 41:1](../41/01.md).
ISA 41 5 yg5y figs-metaphor 0 the ends of the earth The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. AT “the farthest places of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2373,20 +2271,15 @@ ISA 41 5 rd3y figs-doublet 0 they approach and come This doublet means that the
ISA 41 7 t2rw 0 anvil an iron block on which a person shapes metal with a hammer
ISA 41 7 ny9f 0 saying of the welding Here the word “welding” refers to the process of fastening the gold to the wood as the workers finish making the idol.
ISA 41 7 qdp9 0 They fasten it with nails so it will not topple over. Here “it” refers to the idol that they have made.
ISA 41 8 w8df 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 41 9 ng2r figs-parallelism 0 you whom I am bringing back from the ends of the earth, and whom I called from the far away places These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is bringing the people of Israel back to their land from distant countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 41 9 unb2 figs-metaphor 0 the ends of the earth The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:5](../41/05.md). AT “the farthest places of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 9 ah78 figs-parallelism 0 I have chosen you and not rejected you These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second states in negative terms what the first states in positive terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ISA 41 10 sv29 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 41 10 y2hx figs-metaphor 0 I will uphold you with my righteous right hand Yahweh strengthening his people is spoken of as if he were holding them with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 10 m5ra figs-metonymy 0 my righteous right hand Here “right hand” represents Yahweh’s power. This could mean: (1) Yahweh’s right hand is righteous in that he will always do the right thing. Alternate translation: “my righteous power” or (2) Yahweh’s right hand is victorious in that he will always succeed in what he does. Alternate translation: “my victorious power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 41 11 fup1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 41 11 i38z 0 they will be ashamed and disgraced, all who have been angry with you Alternate translation: “all who have been angry with you will be ashamed and disgraced”
ISA 41 11 acy9 figs-doublet 0 ashamed and disgraced These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of their shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 41 11 bm8s 0 they will be as nothing and will perish, those who oppose you Alternate translation: “those who oppose you will be as nothing and will perish”
ISA 41 12 rr8g 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 41 13 mcq1 figs-metaphor 0 I … will hold your right hand Yahweh helping the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were holding their right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 14 nw9b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 41 14 d1xa figs-doublet 0 Jacob you worm, and you men of Israel Here “Jacob” and “men of Israel” mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you people of Israel who are like worms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 41 14 x6h1 figs-metaphor 0 Jacob you worm This could mean: (1) that this refers to the opinions of other nations regarding the people of Israel or (2) that this refers to Israel’s own opinion of themselves. Yahweh speaks of their insignificance as if they were a worm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 14 vga7 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -2400,14 +2293,12 @@ ISA 41 16 ii6a 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to use the metaphor of
ISA 41 16 z22h figs-metaphor 0 You will winnow them … the wind will scatter them Here the word “them” refers to the mountains and hill in [Isaiah 41:15](../41/15.md). This represents the next step in the process of threshing grain, in which the grain is winnowed to get rid of the chaff. Israel’s enemies will disappear like chaff blown away by the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 16 mzr8 figs-parallelism 0 the wind will carry them away; the wind will scatter them These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “the wind will blow them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 41 17 f1vc figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of people who are in extreme need as if they are extremely thirsty, and of his provision for them as if he caused water to appear in places where it normally would not appear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 19 n27t 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 41 19 g4uv translate-unknown 0 the myrtle … the pines and the cypress box trees These are types of trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 41 20 b7ez figs-synecdoche 0 the hand of Yahweh has done this Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has done this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 41 21 bhd2 figs-irony 0 General Information: In these verses, Yahweh is mocking the people and their idols. He is challenging the idols to tell what will happen in the future, but he knows they cannot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ISA 41 23 icg9 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to mock the idols and the people who worship them ([Isaiah 41:21-22](./21.md)).
ISA 41 23 qee7 figs-merism 0 do something good or evil The words “good” and “evil” form a merism and represent anything. Alternate translation: “do anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 41 24 yv5h figs-you 0 the one who chooses you Here “you” is plural and refers to the idols. Alternate translation: “the person who chooses you idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 41 25 bsg2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 41 25 rd8b figs-metaphor 0 I have raised up one Yahweh speaks of appointing a person as if he raised that person up. Alternate translation: “I have appointed one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 41 25 s97v figs-idiom 0 from the sun’s rising This refers to the east, the direction from which the sun rises. Alternate translation: “from the east” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 41 25 i891 0 him who calls on my name This could mean: (1) that this person invokes Yahweh for his success or (2) that this person worships Yahweh.
@ -2415,14 +2306,11 @@ ISA 41 25 bb4s figs-metaphor 0 he will trample the rulers Conquering the rulers
ISA 41 25 q8p3 figs-simile 0 like a potter who is treading on the clay Yahweh compares the way in which this person will trample the other rulers with the way that a potter tramples on clay to mix it with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 41 26 u3i7 figs-rquestion 0 Who announced this from the beginning, that we might know? Before this time, that we may say, “He is right”? Yahweh uses these rhetorical questions to mock the idols that the people worship. The implied answers are: (1) that the idols have not done these things and (2) that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. Alternate translation: “None of the idols announced this from the beginning, that we might know. And none of them announced this before time, that we may say, ‘He is right.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 41 26 xn3y 0 Indeed none of them decreed it, yes, none heard you say anything Alternate translation: “Indeed, none of the idols decreed it. Indeed, no one heard you idols say anything”
ISA 41 27 b6xr 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 41 28 k8tv 0 not one among them Alternate translation: “not one idol”
ISA 41 29 i3rp figs-metaphor 0 their cast metal figures are wind and emptiness Yahweh speaks of the worthlessness of the idols as if the idols are wind and nothing at all. Alternate translation: “their idols are all worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 intro q7al 0 # Isaiah 42 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the Messiah. Isaiah 42:1-4 is the first of these songs. They are often called the “servant songs” because they focus on the Messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Servant<br>Israel is called Yahweh’s servant. The Messiah is also called the servant of Yahweh. It is likely that the two different usages of the word “servant” are intended to contrast with one another.
ISA 42 1 l3dq 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 42 1 e7j9 0 Behold, my servant Alternate translation: “Look, my servant” or “Here is my servant”
ISA 42 1 d5ej 0 in him I take delight Alternate translation: “with whom I am very happy”
ISA 42 3 f9m4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 42 3 w4sn figs-metaphor 0 A crushed reed he will not break, and a dimly burning wick he will not quench Yahweh speaks of weak and helpless people as if they were crushed reeds and dimly burning wicks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 3 blf9 0 crushed reed A reed is the long, thin stem of a plant like tall grass. If it is crushed, it cannot carry any weight. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 36:6](../36/06.md).
ISA 42 3 z56i 0 he will not break Alternate translation: “My servant will not break”
@ -2432,43 +2320,34 @@ ISA 42 5 jxn4 figs-parallelism 0 gives breath to the people on it and life to t
ISA 42 6 hg7t figs-you 0 have called you Here “you” is singular and refers to Yahweh’s servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 42 6 l1kx figs-metonymy 0 I will … set you as a covenant for the people Here the word “covenant” is a metonym for the one who establishes or mediates a covenant. Alternate translation: “I will … make you be the mediator of a covenant with the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 42 6 t6si figs-metaphor 0 a light for the Gentiles Yahweh speaks of making his servant the one who delivers the nations from bondage as if he were making him a light that shines in dark places for the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 7 v24a 0 General Information: Yahweh continues describing what his servant will do.
ISA 42 7 tip7 figs-metaphor 0 to open the eyes of the blind Causing blind people to see is spoken of as if it were opening their eyes. Also, Yahweh speaks of his servant delivering those who have been wrongly imprisoned as if his servant were restoring sight to blind people. Alternate translation: “to enable the blind to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 7 i2h2 figs-parallelism 0 to release the prisoners from the dungeon, and from the house of confinement those who sit in darkness These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The verb may be supplied in the second phrase. Alternate translation: “to release the prisoners from the dungeon, and to release those who sit in darkness from the house in which they are confined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 42 8 cbp4 figs-ellipsis 0 nor my praise with carved idols The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “nor will I share my praise with carved idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 42 8 s62b 0 my praise This refers to the praise that Yahweh receives from people.
ISA 42 9 rdt7 figs-you 0 I will tell you Here “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 42 10 c3wi 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 42 10 qf1v 0 the sea, and all that is in it, the coastlands, and those who live there Alternate translation: “and all the creatures that live in the sea, and all those who live on the coastlands”
ISA 42 11 liq4 figs-metonymy 0 Let the desert and the cities cry out This refers to the people who live in the desert and the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 42 11 mtu1 0 Kedar This is a city north of Arabia. See how this was translated in [Isaiah 21:16](../21/16.md)
ISA 42 11 sfh4 translate-names 0 Sela a city in Edom (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 42 12 gy1u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 42 12 bh2u 0 Let them give glory Here “them” refers to the people along the coastlands.
ISA 42 13 bf3l figs-simile 0 Yahweh will go out as a warrior; as a man of war Yahweh is compared with a warrior who is ready to defeat his people’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 42 13 ys39 figs-metaphor 0 he will stir up his zeal Here “zeal” refers to the passion that a warrior experiences when he is about to fight a battle. Yahweh stimulating his zeal is spoken of as if he stirred it up like the wind stirs up waves of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 14 tc93 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 42 14 ej6j figs-parallelism 0 I have kept quiet for a long time; I have been still and restrained myself These two lines share similar meanings. Yahweh’s inactivity is described as quietness and stillness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 42 14 x3e1 figs-doublet 0 I have been still and restrained myself These two phrases mean basically the same thing and indicate that Yahweh has kept himself from acting. Alternate translation: “I have kept myself from doing anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 42 14 sj5x figs-simile 0 I will cry out like a woman in labor; I will gasp and pant Yahweh’s activity as a shouting warrior is compared with a pregnant woman who cries from labor pains. This emphasizes sudden unavoidable action after a period of inactivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 42 15 c5ek figs-metaphor 0 I will lay waste mountains … will dry up the marshes Yahweh uses this metaphorical language to describe his great power to conquer his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 15 qi5p 0 the marshes A marsh is an area of soft, wet land with pools of water.
ISA 42 16 hck4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 42 16 d8u8 figs-parallelism 0 I will bring the blind by a way that they do not know; in paths that they do not know I will lead them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will lead the blind in paths that they do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 42 16 e56x figs-metaphor 0 the blind Yahweh speaks of his people being helpless as if they could not see because they were blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 16 l8wt 0 that they do not know This could mean: (1) “that they have never traveled” or (2) “with which they are unfamiliar.”
ISA 42 16 jc1b figs-metaphor 0 I will turn the darkness into light before them Yahweh speaks of his people being helpless as if they could not see because they walked in darkness, and of his helping them as if he caused light to shine in the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 17 tfv2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 42 17 ayv4 figs-metaphor 0 They will be turned back, they will be completely put to shame Rejecting those who worship idols is spoken of as if it is forcing them to turn back and move the opposite direction. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will reject them and put them to shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 42 18 j331 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 42 18 q3rs figs-you 0 you deaf … you blind Here “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. Yahweh speaks of their failure to listen to him and obey him as if they are deaf and blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 19 lx6z figs-rquestion 0 Who is blind but my servant? Or deaf like my messenger I send? Yahweh asks these rhetorical questions to scold his people and to emphasize that no one is as blind or deaf as they are. Alternate translation: “No one is as blind as my servant. No one is as deaf as my messenger whom I send.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 42 19 y1c1 figs-rquestion 0 Who is as blind as my covenant partner, or blind as Yahweh’s servant? Yahweh asks these rhetorical questions to scold his people and to emphasize that no one is as blind or deaf as they are. Alternate translation: “No one is as blind as my covenant partner. No one is as blind as Yahweh’s servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 42 20 u76d 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 42 20 k16p 0 You see many things, but do not comprehend Alternate translation: “Although you see many things, you do not understand what they mean”
ISA 42 20 usp5 figs-metaphor 0 ears are open, but no one hears The ability to hear is spoken of as if the ears were open. Here the word “hears” refers to understanding what one hears. Alternate translation: “people hear, but no one understands what they hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 21 e9j8 0 It pleased Yahweh to praise his justice and to make his law glorious “Yahweh was pleased to honor his justice by making his law glorious.” The second part of the phrase explains how Yahweh accomplished the first part.
ISA 42 22 hh18 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 42 22 p3ne figs-activepassive 0 But this is a people robbed and plundered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But the enemy has robbed and plundered this people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 42 22 eu68 figs-doublet 0 robbed and plundered These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the enemy had plundered them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 42 22 xx18 figs-parallelism 0 they are all trapped in pits, held captive in prisons These two phrases mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy has trapped them all in pits and held them captive in prisons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2478,7 +2357,6 @@ ISA 42 24 p2dz figs-rquestion 0 Who gave Jacob over to the robber, and Israel t
ISA 42 24 q9du figs-rquestion 0 Was it not Yahweh … refused to obey? Isaiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that Yahweh alone was responsible for Israel’s situation, and to explain the reason that Yahweh did it. Alternate translation: “It was certainly Yahweh … refused to obey.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 42 24 e8z2 figs-exclusive 0 against whom we have sinned Here the word “we” refers to the people of Israel and to Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ISA 42 24 dla2 figs-parallelism 0 in whose ways they refused to walk, and whose law they refused to obey The word “they” also refers to the people of Israel and to Isaiah. The two phrases mean the same thing. In the first, obeying Yahweh’s laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the paths in which Yahweh commanded them to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 25 al3a 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking.
ISA 42 25 r4nh 0 Therefore he Alternate translation: “Therefore Yahweh”
ISA 42 25 uby1 figs-metaphor 0 he poured out on them his fierce anger Isaiah speaks of Yahweh’s anger as if it were a liquid that could be poured out. Alternate translation: “he showed them just how angry he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 42 25 dqe8 0 on them “against us.” Here “them” refers to the people of Israel, but Isaiah still included himself as part of the people.
@ -2487,17 +2365,14 @@ ISA 42 25 ym86 figs-metaphor 0 Its flames encircled them … it consumed them I
ISA 42 25 q8m2 figs-metaphor 0 they did not take it to heart Paying attention to something and learning from it is spoken of as if it were placing that thing on one’s heart. Alternate translation: “they did not pay attention” or “they did not learn from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 43 intro bc7l 0 # Isaiah 43 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Exodus<br>This chapter pictures Judah’s eventual return from exile in Babylon as a kind of second exodus. It was reminiscent of their exodus from Egypt.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Exile<br>This chapter prophesies about the Jews return from Babylon, but the exile has yet to happen and is still more than a hundred years in the future. These events will show that Yahweh alone is God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 43 1 ce9y figs-parallelism 0 he who created you, Jacob, and he who formed you, Israel Both clauses mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “the one who created you, O people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 43 2 kq19 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 43 2 q1vm figs-metaphor 0 When you pass through the waters … the flames will not destroy you Yahweh speaks of suffering and difficult experiences as if they are deep waters and fires through which the people walk. The words “waters” and “flames” form a merism and emphasize any difficult circumstance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 43 2 j81j figs-parallelism 0 When you pass through the waters, I will be with you; and through the rivers, they will not overwhelm you These two statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people will experience no harm because Yahweh is with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 43 2 wdj7 figs-activepassive 0 you will not be burned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will not burn you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 43 3 eyx6 figs-parallelism 0 I have given Egypt as your ransom, Cush and Seba in exchange for you These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh will allow Israel’s enemy to conquer these nations instead of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 43 3 jq3n translate-names 0 Seba This is the name of a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 43 4 yiz2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 43 4 z7p1 figs-doublet 0 Since you are precious and special in my sight The words “precious” and “special” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much Yahweh values his people. Alternate translation: “Because you are very precious to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 43 4 gpe4 figs-parallelism 0 therefore I will give people in exchange for you, and other peoples in exchange for your life Both phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “therefore I will let the enemy conquer other peoples instead of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 43 5 lxw5 figs-merism 0 I will bring your offspring from the east, and gather you from the west The directions “east” and “west” form a merism and represent from every direction. Alternate translation: “I will bring you and your offspring from every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 43 6 gtn5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 43 6 l7c3 figs-personification 0 say to the north … to the south Yahweh speaks to “the north” and “the south” as if commanding the nations in those locations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 43 6 l9k3 figs-metaphor 0 my sons … my daughters Yahweh speaks of the people who belong to him as if they were his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 43 7 yc6h figs-metonymy 0 everyone who is called by my name Here to be called by someone’s name represents belonging to that person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone whom I have called by my name” or “everyone who belongs to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2512,10 +2387,8 @@ ISA 43 10 x2gj figs-explicit 0 Before me there was no god formed Here the word
ISA 43 10 v98y 0 there will be none after me Alternate translation: “none of those gods will exist after me”
ISA 43 11 f73s figs-doublet 0 I, I am Yahweh The word “I” is repeated to emphasize the focus on Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I alone am Yahweh” or “I myself am Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 43 11 m7ei 0 there is no savior but me This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “I am the only savior” or “I am the only one who can save you”
ISA 43 12 e51j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 43 13 w2y7 figs-metonymy 0 no one can rescue anyone from my hand Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “no one can rescue anyone from my power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 43 13 y176 figs-rquestion 0 who can turn it back? Yahweh uses this question to say that no one can turn back his hand. It can be translated as a statement. Turning back his hand represents stopping him from doing something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 14:27](../14/27.md). Alternate translation: “no one can turn it back.” or “no one can stop me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 43 14 t4z7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 43 14 e4rv 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 43 14 ly8f figs-explicit 0 I send to Babylon and lead them all down The object of the verb “send” may be supplied in translation. Alternate translation: “I send an army to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 43 14 jrg7 0 lead them all down as fugitives Alternate translation: “lead all of the Babylonians down as fugitives”
@ -2524,66 +2397,53 @@ ISA 43 16 qd5j figs-explicit 0 who opened a way … mighty waters Isaiah speaks
ISA 43 17 a8pu figs-explicit 0 who led out … a burning wick Isaiah speaks of the events following the exodus from Egypt, when Yahweh divided the sea to let the Israelites walk through on dry ground but then drowned the Egyptian army. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 43 17 u8ru figs-metaphor 0 They fell down together; they will never rise again Dying is spoken of as if it were falling down to the ground. Alternate translation: “They all died together; they will never live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ISA 43 17 v5sn figs-metaphor 0 they are extinguished, quenched like a burning wick The people dying is spoken of as if they were burning candle wicks that someone has extinguished. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their lives have ended, like a person extinguishes the flame of a burning candle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 43 18 h6ya 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 43 18 s5e7 figs-parallelism 0 Do not think about these former things, nor consider the things of long ago. These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are not to worry about what happened in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 43 19 y1sp 0 Look This word is used to draw attention to the important information that follows. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention”
ISA 43 19 j15h figs-rquestion 0 do you not perceive it? Yahweh uses a question to teach the people of Israel. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “surely you have noticed it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 43 20 fmk2 figs-personification 0 wild animals of the field will honor me, the jackals and the ostriches Here animals honor Yahweh as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 43 20 s4u1 figs-ellipsis 0 the jackals and the ostriches These are examples of the kinds of animals that will honor Yahweh. See how you translated the names of these animals in [Isaiah 13:21-22](../13/21.md). The understood information can be supplied to make the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “the jackals and the ostriches will honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 43 22 h7vb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 43 24 ie2f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 43 24 l4vk 0 sweet-smelling cane This is a plant with a pleasant smell used to make anointing oil. It did not grow in the land of Israel so the people had to buy it from other nations.
ISA 43 24 up12 figs-parallelism 0 burdened me with your sins, you have wearied me with your evil deeds These both mean the same thing and emphasize the complaint Yahweh has with his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 43 24 t4mh 0 burdened me with your sins Alternate translation: “troubled me with your sins”
ISA 43 25 vh3j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 43 25 r2jt figs-doublet 0 I, yes, I The word “I” is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 43 25 j91x figs-metaphor 0 who blots out your offenses Forgiving sins is spoken of as either: (1) blotting them out or wiping them away or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “who forgives your offenses like someone wiping something away” or “who forgives your offenses like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 43 25 s5fa 0 for my own sake Alternate translation: “for my own honor” or “for my own reputation”
ISA 43 25 l6uz 0 call to mind Alternate translation: “remember”
ISA 43 26 w2ud figs-irony 0 present your cause, that you may be proved innocent Yahweh challenges the people to offer proof that they are innocent of the charges that he has brought against them, although he knows that they cannot do so. Alternate translation: “present your case, but you cannot prove yourselves to be innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ISA 43 26 xn62 figs-activepassive 0 that you may be proved innocent This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you may prove yourselves innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 43 27 n7s2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 43 27 m9k5 0 Your first father sinned This refers to the founder of Israel and may represent either Abraham or Jacob.
ISA 43 28 c8g9 figs-metonymy 0 I will hand Jacob over to complete destruction Here to “hand over” represents putting someone under the power of another. The noun “destruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will cause the enemy to completely destroy Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 43 28 rtm7 figs-parallelism 0 Israel to abusive humiliation The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase, with which this phrase is parallel. The noun “humiliation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemy to abuse and humiliate Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 44 intro lx1i 0 # Isaiah 44 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>There is a prophecy in this chapter that gives the name of the king who will end the exile of the Jews from Babylon and rebuild the temple, even though the exile has not yet even occurred. This emphasizes that Yahweh knows the future, so the translator should translate the name of Cyrus given here. There are many other aspects of this chapter that show Yahweh’s power as well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
ISA 44 1 lt14 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 44 1 j7v9 figs-metonymy 0 Jacob my servant This refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob, my servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 44 2 a1el figs-metaphor 0 he who made you and formed you in the womb Yahweh speaks of creating the nation of Israel as if it were forming the nation as a baby in its mother’s womb. Alternate translation: “he who made you, as I form a baby in the womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 44 2 aj5d figs-ellipsis 0 you, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “you, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen, do not fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 44 2 m3ac translate-names 0 Jeshurun This also refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 44 3 b7lm 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 44 3 r9ge figs-metaphor 0 I will pour water on the thirsty ground, and flowing streams on the dry ground Yahweh speaks of giving his Spirit to the people of Israel as if he were causing rain to fall and streams to flow on dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 44 3 cdy4 figs-metaphor 0 the thirsty ground Dry ground is spoken of as if it were a thirsty person. Alternate translation: “the dry ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 44 3 sw8k figs-metaphor 0 I will pour my Spirit on your offspring Yahweh speaks of giving his Spirit to the people as if his Spirit were liquid that he pours out on them. Alternate translation: “I will give my Spirit to your offspring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 44 3 na48 figs-ellipsis 0 my blessing on your children The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “I will pour out my blessing on your children” or “I will give my blessing to your children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 44 4 j6m5 figs-metaphor 0 They will spring up among the grass, like willows by the streams of water The people of Israel being prosperous and multiplying is spoken of as if they were plants that grow because they have plenty of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 44 4 k6eb 0 willows A willow is a tree with thin branches that grows near the water.
ISA 44 5 w27z 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel
ISA 44 5 lfi3 0 another will call out the name of Jacob Alternate translation: “another person will say he is a descendant of Jacob”
ISA 44 5 y4il 0 name himself by the name of Israel Alternate translation: “call himself a descendant of Israel”
ISA 44 6 q311 0 his Redeemer Alternate translation: “Israel’s Redeemer”
ISA 44 6 tts3 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
ISA 44 6 j95i figs-merism 0 I am the first, and I am the last This phrase emphasizes Yahweh’s eternal nature. This could mean: (1) “I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things” or (2) “I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 44 7 zm2k 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 44 7 r8gi figs-rquestion 0 Who is like me? Let him announce Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one like him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If anyone thinks he is like me, let him announce” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 44 8 nbn1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 44 8 jc9b figs-doublet 0 Do not fear or be afraid Yahweh uses two similar expressions in order to strengthen his encouragement. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 44 8 fb3i figs-rquestion 0 Have I not declared to you long ago, and announced it? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who predicted the events that have now happened. This can be translated as a statement. The word “announced” means basically the same thing as “declared.” Alternate translation: “I declared these things to you long ago.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 44 8 lr9q figs-rquestion 0 Is there any God besides me? Yahweh uses a question again to emphasize that there is no other God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no God besides me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 44 8 z7iv figs-metaphor 0 There is no other Rock Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were a large rock under which people can find shelter. This means he has the power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 44 9 y8gz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 44 9 uhp3 0 the things they delight in are worthless Alternate translation: “the idols they delight in are worthless”
ISA 44 9 ht3n figs-metaphor 0 their witnesses cannot see or know anything This phrase refers to those who worship these idols and who claim to be witnesses of the idols’ power. Yahweh speaks of their inability to understand the truth as if they were blind. Alternate translation: “those who serve as witnesses for these idols are like blind people who know nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 44 9 fps8 figs-activepassive 0 they will be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will be ashamed” or “their idols will put them to shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 44 10 rn93 figs-rquestion 0 Who would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless? Yahweh is using this question to rebuke those who make idols. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only fools would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 44 10 tu2g figs-distinguish 0 cast an idol that is worthless The word “worthless” does not distinguish worthless idols from idols that have worth, because all idols are worthless. Alternate translation: “cast worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
ISA 44 11 dnp6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 44 11 xq1i figs-explicit 0 all his associates This could mean: (1) this refers to the associates of the craftsman who makes the idol. Alternate translation: “all of the craftsman’s associates” or (2) this refers to those who associate themselves with the idol by worshiping it. Alternate translation: “all those who worship the idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 44 11 ka7l figs-activepassive 0 be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 44 11 n21m 0 Let them take their stand together Alternate translation: “Let them all come together before me”
ISA 44 11 qc5v 0 they will cower “they will be terrified.” To “cower” is to bend over in fear.
ISA 44 12 ui76 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 44 12 rl3h 0 forming it Alternate translation: “forming the idol” or “creating the idol”
ISA 44 13 acg5 0 with a line A string was used to outline the shape of the idol in the wood.
ISA 44 13 gzq3 0 stylus This is a sharp tool to scratch the wood so the craftsman can see where to cut.
@ -2599,7 +2459,6 @@ ISA 44 19 zz51 figs-rquestion 0 Now should I make … something disgusting to w
ISA 44 20 w2em figs-metaphor 0 It is as if he were eating ashes Yahweh speaks of a person worshiping an idol as if that person were eating the burned ashes of the wood from which he made the idol. Just as eating ashes does not benefit a person, neither does worshiping an idol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 44 20 lnq9 figs-metonymy 0 his deceived heart misleads him The heart represents the inner person. Alternate translation: “he misleads himself because he is deceived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 44 20 e7xc 0 He cannot rescue himself Alternate translation: “The person who worships idols cannot save himself”
ISA 44 21 ach7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 44 21 t81a figs-metonymy 0 Jacob, and Israel This refers to people descended from Jacob, Israel. Alternate translation: “you descendants of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 44 21 bng6 figs-activepassive 0 you will not be forgotten by me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not forget you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 44 22 ey1y figs-parallelism 0 I have blotted out, like a thick cloud, your rebellious deeds, and like a cloud, your sins Both of these statements mean the same thing. God has removed their sins as quickly and easily as a wind can blow away a cloud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -2616,40 +2475,32 @@ ISA 44 26 fe6v figs-abstractnouns 0 the words of his servant … the prediction
ISA 44 26 eu48 figs-activepassive 0 She will be inhabited This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will live there again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 44 26 ply1 figs-activepassive 0 They will be built again This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will rebuild them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 44 26 e9rr figs-metaphor 0 I will raise up their ruins The phrase “ruins” refers to places that have been destroyed. Yahweh speaks of rebuilding them as if he were raising them up. Alternate translation: “I will rebuild what others have destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 44 28 ut9k 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 44 28 nrh6 figs-metaphor 0 He is my shepherd Yahweh speaks of Cyrus ruling and protecting the people of Israel as if Cyrus is their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 44 28 q7mc figs-activepassive 0 She will be rebuilt This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let the people rebuild the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 44 28 j6ev figs-activepassive 0 Let its foundations be laid This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let the people lay its foundations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 45 intro gu9r 0 # Isaiah 45 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Potter and clay<br>The potter and the clay are important images used in Scripture. They emphasize the power and control of God. This chapter connects this to the truth that Yahweh is the creator of all, which it repeatedly emphasizes. He is even able to “anoint” or chose a future, pagan king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]])
ISA 45 1 a5da figs-metaphor 0 whose right hand I hold Yahweh helping Cyrus and causing him to be successful is spoken of as if he were holding his right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 45 2 r3lh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Cyrus.
ISA 45 2 kyy4 figs-metaphor 0 level the mountains Yahweh speaks of removing obstacles that would hinder Cyrus’s success as if it were leveling mountains before him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 45 2 jjq8 0 the mountains The Hebrew word used in the text is rare and is of an uncertain meaning. Some modern versions have “rough places” or “crooked places.”
ISA 45 2 i615 0 their iron bars This refers to the iron bars on the bronze gates.
ISA 45 3 j4lq figs-abstractnouns 0 the treasures of darkness Here “darkness” refers to places that are secret. Alternate translation: “treasures in dark places” or “the treasures in secret places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 45 4 lb2n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Cyrus.
ISA 45 4 x9uf figs-doublet 0 Jacob … Israel These both refer to the descendants of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 45 5 uj89 0 I will arm you for battle This could mean: (1) “I will strengthen you for battle” or (2) “I will equip you for battle.”
ISA 45 6 rj47 figs-merism 0 from the rising of the sun, and from the west Since the sun rises in the east, this phrase forms a merism and means everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “from every place on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 45 7 w7ux 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 45 7 fa4k figs-merism 0 I form the light and create darkness; I bring peace and create disaster Both of these expressions form merisms that emphasize that Yahweh is sovereign creator of everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 45 8 bb15 figs-metaphor 0 You heavens, rain down from above … righteousness spring up together with it Yahweh speaks of his righteousness as if it were rain that falls on the earth, and of his righteousness and salvation as plants that grow on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 45 8 lxn8 figs-apostrophe 0 You heavens Yahweh momentarily turns his attention from his people and begins to speak to the heavens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
ISA 45 9 ecu9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 45 9 f6zy figs-metaphor 0 any other earthen pot among all the earthen pots in the ground Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were a potter, and of the one who would argue with him as if that person and the rest of humanity were all clay pots. Alternate translation: “like one piece of pottery among many other pieces of pottery scattered on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 45 9 v32t 0 earthen pot This could mean: (1) “clay pot” or (2) “piece of broken clay pottery.”
ISA 45 9 tc19 figs-rquestion 0 Does the clay say to the potter … on it’? Yahweh asks this question to rebuke those who argue with him about what he does. Alternate translation: “The clay should not say to the potter … on it!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 45 10 pin2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to scold those who argue with him about what he does.
ISA 45 10 m3zm figs-metaphor 0 Woe to him who says to a father,…‘What are you giving birth to?’ Yahweh speaks of those who would argue him as if they were unborn children who argue with their own parents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 45 10 d6vv figs-rquestion 0 What are you fathering?…What are you giving birth to? The unborn child asks these rhetorical questions to scold his parents for giving birth to him. These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You should not be my father … You should give birth to me.” or “You are not fathering me correctly … You are not giving birth to me correctly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 45 11 f2x1 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 45 11 riq3 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you ask questions about what I will do for my children? Do you tell me what to do concerning the work of my hands? Yahweh uses questions to scold those who argue with him about what he does. Alternate translation: “Do not question me about what I do for my children. Do not tell me … my hands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 45 11 k97i 0 my children This refers to the people of Israel.
ISA 45 11 kv1c figs-synecdoche 0 the work of my hands Here the word “hands” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the things that I have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 45 12 tk49 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 45 12 ki21 figs-synecdoche 0 It was my hands that Here the word “hands” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It was I who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 45 12 ati8 0 stretched out the heavens Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric that he stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md).
ISA 45 13 t11e 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 45 13 wzd7 0 I stirred Cyrus up in righteousness Here the word “righteousness” refers to right action. This could mean: (1) that Yahweh has stirred up Cyrus to do the right thing or (2) that Yahweh was right to stir up Cyrus.
ISA 45 13 ikq9 figs-metaphor 0 I stirred Cyrus Yahweh speaks of causing Cyrus to act as if it were stirring him from slumber. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 45 13 rv5p figs-metaphor 0 I will smooth out all his paths Yahweh speaks of removing obstacles and causing Cyrus to be successful as if he were making the paths smooth on which Cyrus walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2667,13 +2518,9 @@ ISA 45 17 tdh9 figs-activepassive 0 Israel will be saved by Yahweh This can be
ISA 45 17 dq2m figs-activepassive 0 you will never again be ashamed or humiliated Here “you” refers to the people of Israel. The words “ashamed” and “humiliated” mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will ever humiliate you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 45 18 wbc3 0 not as a waste “not to be empty.” Here the word “waste” refers to an empty, barren place.
ISA 45 18 su8c figs-activepassive 0 but designed it to be inhabited This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but he designed it so people could live on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 45 19 w8up 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 45 20 ep69 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking
ISA 45 20 ns4z 0 refugees people who have fled from their homes so the enemy will not capture or kill them
ISA 45 21 fjw3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the refugees ([Isaiah 45:20](../45/20.md)).
ISA 45 21 m1fg 0 Let them conspire together Here the word “them” refers to the refugees from among the nations who worship idols.
ISA 45 21 jum4 figs-rquestion 0 Who has shown this from long ago? Who announced it? Was it not I, Yahweh? Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he was the one who told them these things would happen. Alternate translation: “I will tell you who has shown this from long ago. I will tell you who announced it. It was I, Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 45 22 fdd5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 45 22 mrw2 figs-activepassive 0 Turn to me and be saved This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Turn to me and I will save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 45 22 zpc4 figs-metaphor 0 all the ends of the earth The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. AT “all the farthest places of the earth” or “the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 45 22 ee2e figs-metonymy 0 all the ends of the earth Here this phrase represents the people who live at “the ends of the earth.” Alternate translation: “you who live at the farthest places of the earth” or “all of you who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2690,16 +2537,12 @@ ISA 46 3 i31a 0 Listen to me Here “me” refers to Yahweh.
ISA 46 3 pyi8 figs-metaphor 0 who have been carried by me from before your birth, carried from the womb Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel as if it were a person, and of the nation’s beginning as if it were its birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 46 3 zb74 figs-metaphor 0 who have been carried by me Yahweh speaks of helping and rescuing the people of Israel as if he were carrying them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I have carried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 46 4 qb31 figs-metaphor 0 Even to your old age I am he, and until your hair is gray I will carry you Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel becoming very old as if it were an old man with gray hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 46 5 tv2f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 46 5 x46n figs-rquestion 0 To whom will you compare me? Who do you think I resemble, so that we may be compared? Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that there is no one like him. Alternate translation: “There is no one to whom you can compare me. I resemble no one, so that we might be compared.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 46 5 v242 figs-activepassive 0 so that we may be compared This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you may compare us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 46 7 pr7d 0 They lift it “They” refers to the people who make idols and “it” refers to the idol that they have created.
ISA 46 8 c43e 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to his people.
ISA 46 10 gk7b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to his people.
ISA 46 10 ew3c figs-parallelism 0 I announce the end from the beginning, and beforehand what has not yet happened This basically repeats the same idea for emphasis. The verb from the first phrase may be supplied for the second. Alternate translation: “I announce the end from the beginning, and I announce beforehand what has not yet happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 46 11 f49l figs-metaphor 0 I call a bird of prey from the east Yahweh speaks of Cyrus as if he were “a bird of prey.” As a bird swiftly captures its prey, so Cyrus will swiftly accomplish Yahweh’s purpose to conquer the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 46 11 yfg8 figs-parallelism 0 I have spoken; I will also accomplish it; I have purposed, I will also do it. This repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 46 12 e8tz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 46 12 cq6x figs-metaphor 0 who are far from doing what is right Yahweh speaks of the people stubbornly doing wrong as if they were physically far away from doing the right thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 46 13 ykp7 figs-personification 0 my salvation does not wait Yahweh speaks of saving his people soon as if his salvation were a person who does not wait to act. The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “I will not wait to save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 47 intro ss9a 0 # Isaiah 47 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Babylon<br>This chapter prophesied the destruction of Babylon. At the time that the prophesy was written, Assyria was still in power and Babylon had not yet become a world power. The Chaldeans were not yet a powerful nation either. The people of Judah would become servants or slaves of Babylon and be forced to work very hard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
@ -2752,21 +2595,16 @@ ISA 48 1 nzc1 0 invoke the God of Israel Alternate translation: “call on the
ISA 48 2 lqn2 figs-123person 0 they call themselves This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “you call yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ISA 48 2 b2hj 0 the holy city This refers to Jerusalem.
ISA 48 2 w8wb 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
ISA 48 3 vsr3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 48 3 bj46 figs-synecdoche 0 they came out from my mouth “Mouth” refers to someone speaking. Alternate translation: “I spoke these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 48 4 kh64 figs-simile 0 your neck muscles tight as iron, and your forehead like bronze Yahweh compares the tightness of their neck muscles and the hardness of their foreheads to the hardness of iron and bronze. Here, to have a tight neck or a hard forehead is a metaphor that means the people are stubborn. Alternate translation: “it is as if your necks were iron and your heads were bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 48 5 l31k figs-parallelism 0 I declared these things to you beforehand; before they happened I informed you This is saying the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 48 6 wn4y 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 48 6 vf8u figs-rquestion 0 will you not admit what I said is true? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Israel for not admitting what they should know is true. Alternate translation: “you are stubborn and will not admit what I said is true.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 48 8 ltp3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 48 8 e9nm figs-metaphor 0 these things were not unfolded to your ears beforehand Yahweh speaks of explaining something as if it were unfolding it. The word “ears” represents the people who are listening. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I did not explain these things to you beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 48 8 i9uv figs-metaphor 0 from birth Yahweh speaks of the nation’s beginning as if it were its birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 48 9 l3mk 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 48 9 r5sr figs-metonymy 0 For the sake of my name I will defer my anger Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “For the sake of my reputation I will delay my anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 48 9 l496 figs-parallelism 0 for my honor I will hold back from destroying you This part of the sentence means basically the same thing as the first part. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 48 10 rn48 figs-metaphor 0 Look, I refined you, but not as silver; I have purified you in the furnace of affliction Yahweh speaks of using affliction to purify his people as if they were precious metals and affliction were a furnace in which he refines them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 48 11 sf4g figs-rquestion 0 for how can I allow my name to be profaned? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can never allow his own name to be dishonored. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for I cannot allow anyone to profane my name.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 48 12 lbc9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 48 12 q7py figs-doublet 0 Jacob, and Israel Both of these refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 48 12 f7ei figs-merism 0 I am the first, I also am the last This phrase emphasizes Yahweh’s eternal nature. This could mean: (1) “I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things” or (2) “I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 44:6](../44/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 48 13 x9pc figs-synecdoche 0 my hand laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand spread out the heavens Here “hand” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I laid the foundation of the earth, and I spread out the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -2774,12 +2612,10 @@ ISA 48 13 a1fq 0 the foundation of the earth The word “foundation” normall
ISA 48 13 u4il figs-metaphor 0 spread out the heavens Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric which Yahweh stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 48 13 rx2t figs-metaphor 0 when I call to them, they stand up together Standing up when Yahweh calls is a metaphor for being ready to obey him. Yahweh speaks of the earth and the heavens as if they were able to hear him and obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 48 13 x82p 0 when I call to them This could mean: (1) “when I call the earth and the heavens” or (2) “when I call the stars in the heavens.”
ISA 48 14 b3gm 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 48 14 ery6 figs-rquestion 0 Who among you has announced these things? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the idols have not told them these things. Alternate translation: “None of your idols has told this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 48 14 fb8g figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh’s ally will accomplish his purpose against Babylon. He will carry out Yahweh’s will against the Chaldeans Here “ally” refers to Cyrus. Both of these sentences mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 48 14 iq1y 0 his purpose Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s purpose”
ISA 48 15 u3l4 figs-doublet 0 I, I The word “I” is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 48 16 h55k 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 48 16 q1tx figs-doublenegatives 0 I have not spoken in secret This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “I have spoken plainly and clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
ISA 48 16 w6nj 0 sent me Here “me” refers to an unknown servant of Yahweh, maybe Isaiah or Cyrus or the promised Messiah.
ISA 48 17 x4pq figs-you 0 your Redeemer … your God Here “your” refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -2789,13 +2625,11 @@ ISA 48 17 zn3h figs-metaphor 0 who leads you by the way that you should go Yahw
ISA 48 18 jb34 figs-hypo 0 If only you had obeyed my commandments Yahweh describes something that could have happened but did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
ISA 48 18 ge2j figs-metaphor 0 Then your peace and prosperity would have flowed like a river, and your salvation like the waves of the sea These two phrases share similar meanings. In both, Yahweh speaks of Israel’s experiencing abundant blessings as if those blessings flowed like water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 48 18 abl9 figs-ellipsis 0 your salvation like the waves of the sea The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “your salvation would have flowed like the waves of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 48 19 f9ug 0 General Information: Yahweh continues describing a hypothetical situation to the people of Israel.
ISA 48 19 ysr5 figs-parallelism 0 Your descendants would have been as numerous as the sand, and the children from your womb as numerous as the grains of sand These both mean that the people would have had more descendants than they could count. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 48 19 tp31 figs-metaphor 0 the children from your womb Yahweh speaks of the descendants of the people of Israel as if they were children to which the nation gives birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 48 19 yjm7 figs-metonymy 0 their name would not have been cut off nor blotted out The people of Israel being destroyed is spoken of as if their name had been cut off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree, or blotted out. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I would not have cut off nor blotted out their name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 48 19 icj1 figs-metonymy 0 their name Here the word “name” refers to the descendants who would carry on the name of Israel. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 48 19 w43e figs-doublet 0 cut off nor blotted out These two expressions in this context refer to destroying the people. Alternate translation: “destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 48 20 na7u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 48 20 lf27 figs-metaphor 0 to the ends of the earth The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. Alternate translation: “to all the farthest places of the earth” or “to the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 48 20 kr2r figs-metonymy 0 his servant Jacob This refers to the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 48 21 pw4g 0 They did not thirst … the waters gushed out This refers to an event in the history of the people of Israel when Yahweh took care of them while they lived in the desert after escaping Egypt.
@ -2807,10 +2641,8 @@ ISA 49 2 cz3k figs-metaphor 0 he hid me in the shadow of his hand Yahweh protec
ISA 49 2 uz4m figs-metaphor 0 he has made me into a polished arrow; in his quiver he has hidden me Yahweh’s servant being able to carry out Yahweh’s purposes effectively is spoken of as if the servant were a sharp, new arrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 2 py5e figs-metaphor 0 in his quiver he has hidden me Yahweh protecting his servant and keeping his purpose secret is spoken of as if Yahweh kept him hidden in a quiver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 2 kax8 0 quiver a case used to carry arrows
ISA 49 3 ka59 0 General Information: Yahweh’s servant continues speaking.
ISA 49 3 l2za 0 He said Alternate translation: “Yahweh said”
ISA 49 3 uwn2 0 You are my servant, Israel Alternate translation: “You are my servant, whom I call Israel”
ISA 49 5 x2r8 0 General Information: Yahweh’s servant continues speaking.
ISA 49 5 ic46 figs-activepassive 0 that Israel would be gathered to him This part of the sentence means the same as the part before it. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to bring the people of Israel back to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 49 5 p83j figs-metaphor 0 I am honored in the eyes of Yahweh The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has honored me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 49 6 n48v figs-metaphor 0 I will make you a light to the Gentiles The servant bringing Yahweh’s message to the Gentiles and helping them to understand it is spoken of as if Yahweh made the servant a light that shines among the Gentiles. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:6](../42/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2824,9 +2656,7 @@ ISA 49 8 x79w figs-abstractnouns 0 in a day of salvation The word “salvation
ISA 49 8 l69w figs-metonymy 0 give you as a covenant for the people Here the word “covenant” is a metonym for the one who establishes or mediates a covenant. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:6](../42/06.md). Alternate translation: “make you be the mediator of a covenant with the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 49 8 p7as figs-metonymy 0 to rebuild the land Here the word “land” represents the cities in the land that had been destroyed. Alternate translation: “to rebuild the ruined places in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 49 8 d3pr figs-metaphor 0 to reassign the desolate inheritance Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that the people of Israel received as a permanent possession. It is implied that the servant is to reassign the land to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “to reassign the desolate land to the people of Israel as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 49 9 c25s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to his servant.
ISA 49 9 zkr5 figs-metaphor 0 They will graze along the roads, and on all the bare slopes will be their pasture Yahweh speaks of the people living freely and prosperously as if they were sheep that had plenty of pasture in which to graze. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 10 sqc7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 49 10 qew7 0 They will not Here “they” refers to God’s people.
ISA 49 10 pc41 figs-hendiadys 0 nor will the heat or sun beat on them Here the word “heat” describes the word “sun.” The people suffering from the sun’s heat is spoken of as if the heat struck them. Alternate translation: “nor will they suffer from the sun’s heat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 10 j8sr figs-123person 0 for he who has mercy on them … he will guide them Yahweh speaks of himself in the third person. He speaks of protecting the people and caring for them as if he were their shepherd. Alternate translation: “I, the one who has mercy on them … I will guide them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2835,37 +2665,30 @@ ISA 49 12 xd2x translate-names 0 the land of Sinim The location of this place i
ISA 49 13 y77d figs-apostrophe 0 Sing, heavens, and be joyful, earth; break into singing, you mountains! Isaiah turns his attention from the people of Israel and speaks to the heavens, earth, and mountains as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 49 14 hil4 figs-personification 0 But Zion said The word “Zion” is another name for Jerusalem. Isaiah speaks of the city as if it were a woman who complains that Yahweh has forgotten her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 49 15 sx95 figs-rquestion 0 Can a woman forget her baby, nursing at her breast, so she does not have compassion on the son she has borne? Yahweh uses a question to help his people understand that he will never forget about them or stop caring for them. Alternate translation: “A woman would not forget her nursing baby or stop caring for the son she bore.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 49 16 f8l6 figs-personification 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 49 16 z9g7 figs-metaphor 0 I have inscribed your name on my palms Yahweh speaks of his unwavering devotion to Zion as if he had written her name on the palms of his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 16 fmu4 figs-metaphor 0 your walls are continually before me Yahweh speaks of always thinking about Zion as if her walls were always before him. The word “walls” is a metonym for the city. Alternate translation: “I am continually thinking about your walls” or “I am always thinking about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 49 17 i85i figs-metaphor 0 Your children are hurrying back Yahweh speaks of the people who are returning to live in Jerusalem as if they were the city’s children. Alternate translation: “Your inhabitants are hurrying back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 18 r9kr figs-metaphor 0 you will surely wear them like jewelry, and you will put them on like a bride Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of Zion as if they were jewelry that the city wears to show her beauty and joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 18 ha7m figs-ellipsis 0 you will put them on like a bride The last part of the phrase can be clarified from the previous line. Alternate translation: “you will put them on, like a bride wears jewelry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 49 19 e1i6 figs-personification 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 49 19 y3yt figs-doublet 0 Though you were a waste and desolate The words “a waste” and “desolate” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the enemy has destroyed Zion and left it empty. Alternate translation: “Though you were completely desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 49 19 ppl1 figs-metaphor 0 those who devoured you The enemy destroying Zion is spoken of as if they had devoured it. Alternate translation: “those who destroyed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 20 th6g figs-metaphor 0 The children born during the time of your bereavement Yahweh speaks of the time when the people of Jerusalem were in exile as if the city was bereaved of her children. Those who were born while the people were in exile are spoken of as the city’s children. Alternate translation: “Those who will inhabit you, who were born while the people were in exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 20 u1bw 0 The place is too cramped for us This means that there will be so many people that the city will be too small for them all to live in it.
ISA 49 21 bh2w figs-personification 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 49 21 pik2 figs-metaphor 0 Who has borne these children for me? Zion speaks of the people who are returning to inhabit the city as if those people were her children. Zion’s question expresses her surprise that so many children now belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 49 21 ppt4 figs-metaphor 0 I was bereaved and barren, exiled and divorced Zion describes herself as a woman incapable of having more children. She indicates the reasons for her great surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 21 y88k 0 I was bereaved and barren Alternate translation: “I was mourning over my dead children and unable to have more”
ISA 49 21 k6i8 0 exiled and divorced Alternate translation: “I was sent away, without a husband”
ISA 49 21 h2kt figs-rquestion 0 Who has raised these children? Look, I was left all alone; where did these come from? Again, Zion uses questions to expresses her surprise. Alternate translation: “Look, I was left all alone; now all of these children that I did not raise have come to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 49 22 d1yu figs-personification 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. He explains how she is able to have so many children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 49 22 wx99 figs-parallelism 0 I will raise my hand to the nations; I will raise my signal flag to the peoples These two clauses mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will raise my hand and signal with a flag for the people of the nations to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 49 22 ps5y figs-metaphor 0 They will bring your sons in their arms and carry your daughters on their shoulders Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Jerusalem as if they were the city’s children. He also speaks of the people of other nations helping the Israelites to return to Jerusalem as if they were carrying the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 23 xx8n figs-personification 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 49 23 q6dc figs-metaphor 0 Kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursemaids Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Zion as if they were the city’s children. The terms “foster fathers” and “nursemaids” refer to men and women who become responsible for the care of children. Alternate translation: “The kings and queens of other nations will provide for your inhabitants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 23 w8ev 0 they will bow down to you with their faces to the earth and lick the dust of your feet These phrases describe gestures that people used to express complete submission to a superior.
ISA 49 23 fx8v figs-idiom 0 lick the dust of your feet This could mean: (1) that this is a literal expression of submission where the person licks the dust off of a superior’s foot or from the ground at the superior’s foot or (2) that this is an idiom that describes a person prostrating himself before a superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 49 23 j5gn figs-activepassive 0 will not be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will not be ashamed” or “will not be disappointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 49 24 nrw9 figs-personification 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 49 24 w2vc figs-rquestion 0 Can the spoils be taken from the warrior, or captives be rescued from the fierce? Isaiah uses a question to express the difficulty of taking anything from a mighty soldier or a very strong warrior. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person cannot take the spoils from a warrior or rescue captives from fierce soldiers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 49 24 c5s2 0 spoils valuable items taken from the losers in a battle
ISA 49 25 kqr1 figs-activepassive 0 the captives will be taken away from the warrior, and spoils will be rescued Yahweh says that he will do what is usually impossible for people to do. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will take the captives from the warrior, and I will rescue the spoils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 49 25 zzu8 figs-metaphor 0 I will … save your children Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Zion as if they were the city’s children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 26 mu96 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person.
ISA 49 26 qp7y figs-metaphor 0 I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh This could mean: (1) the oppressors will be so hungry that they will eat the flesh of their friends who have died. Alternate translation: “I will cause your oppressors to eat their own flesh” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were eating themselves. Alternate translation: “I will cause your oppressors to destroy themselves, as if they were eating their own flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 49 26 l5ym figs-metaphor 0 they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine This could mean: (1) the oppressors will be so thirsty that they drink the blood of their friends who have died. Alternate translation: “they will drink their friends’ blood and be like weak people who are drunk on wine” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were drinking their own blood. Alternate translation: “they will shed so much of their friends’ blood that it will be as though they were getting drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 intro w2ie 0 # Isaiah 50 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the Messiah. Isaiah 50:4-9 is the third of these songs. They are often called the “servant songs” because they focus on the Messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. These questions prove Yahweh’s point and are intended to convince the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2874,7 +2697,6 @@ ISA 50 1 dz6i figs-rquestion 0 Where is the certificate of divorce with which I
ISA 50 1 wz9n figs-metaphor 0 To which of my creditors did I sell you? Yahweh speaks of sending the people into exile as if he were selling them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 1 krc1 figs-rquestion 0 To which of my creditors did I sell you? Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that he did not sell them because he owed a debt to a creditor. It is implied that this is what the people had thought. Alternate translation: “I did not sell you because I owed a debt to someone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 50 1 k7at figs-metaphor 0 you were sold because of your sins, and because of your rebellion, your mother was sent away Yahweh gives the reason for sending the people into exile, which he speaks of as if he had sold them and divorced their mother. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I sold you because of your sins, and I divorced your mother because of your rebellion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 50 2 ait1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 50 2 ie1n figs-parallelism 0 Why did I come but there was no one there? Why did I call but no one answered? These two sentences mean basically the same thing. Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that the people are in exile because they did not respond to him, not because he was unwilling to save them. Alternate translation: “When I came to you, you should have been there, but you were not. When I called you, you should have answered, but you did not.” or “When I came to speak to you, you did not respond to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 50 2 s2sd figs-parallelism 0 Was my hand too short to ransom you? Was there no power in me to rescue you? Yahweh uses two similar questions to rebuke the people for believing that he was not strong enough to rescue them. Alternate translation: “My hand was certainly not too short for me to ransom you, and I had the power to rescue you!” or “I certainly have the power to rescue you from your enemies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 50 2 cv6g figs-metonymy 0 Was my hand too short Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Yahweh not being strong enough is spoken of as if his hand were short. Alternate translation: “Was I not strong enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2886,20 +2708,16 @@ ISA 50 4 ww6d 0 General Information: Yahweh’s servant begins to speak.
ISA 50 4 ahs2 figs-metonymy 0 The Lord Yahweh has given me a tongue as one of those who are taught The word “tongue” represents what he says. This could mean: (1) Yahweh has enabled him to speak as one who has learned to speak skillfully. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to be a skillful speaker” or (2) Yahweh has taught him what to say. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to speak what he has taught me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 50 4 zzf8 figs-synecdoche 0 he awakens my ear to hear Here “my ear” refers to Yahweh’s servant. Yahweh enabling him to hear and understand what Yahweh teaches him is spoken of as if Yahweh awakened his ear from sleep. Alternate translation: “he has enabled me to understand what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 4 v3ta figs-simile 0 like those who are taught The servant compares himself with a student who learns from his teacher. This could mean: (1) “like one who learns from his teacher” or (2) “like one whom he has taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 50 5 m5ss 0 General Information: The servant of Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 50 5 z5m7 figs-metaphor 0 The Lord Yahweh has opened my ear Yahweh enabling his servant to hear and understand is spoken of as if Yahweh opened his ear. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to hear and understand him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 5 hk16 figs-parallelism 0 I was not rebellious, nor did I turn away backward These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Disobeying what Yahweh said is spoken of as if it were turning one’s back toward him. This can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: “I obeyed what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 6 f2mw figs-metaphor 0 I gave my back to those who beat me, and my cheeks to those who plucked out my beard Allowing people to beat him and pluck out his beard is spoken of as if it were giving his back and cheeks to them. Alternate translation: “I allowed people to beat me on my back and to pluck out my beard from my cheeks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 6 s9l3 figs-synecdoche 0 I did not hide my face from acts of shame and spitting Hiding one’s face means to protect oneself. Alternate translation: “I did not defend myself when they mocked me and spat on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 50 7 h78s 0 General Information: Yahweh’s servant continues speaking.
ISA 50 7 e3bh figs-activepassive 0 therefore I am not disgraced Even though the servant has been mistreated, he will not be ashamed because he has obeyed Yahweh. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “therefore I will not be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 50 7 y168 figs-synecdoche 0 so I have made my face like flint Here “my face” refers to the servant. The servant being steadfastly determined to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if his face were as hard as flint. Alternate translation: “so I am absolutely determined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 7 di16 figs-activepassive 0 for I know that I will not be put to shame The servant looks to the future with confidence, secure in Yahweh’s calling. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for I know that my enemies will not be able to make me feel shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 50 8 bbf6 0 General Information: Yahweh’s servant continues speaking.
ISA 50 8 fkm8 figs-rquestion 0 Who will oppose me? Let us stand … Who is my accuser? Let him come The servant uses these questions to emphasize that there is no one who can legitimately accuse him of wrong. Alternate translation: “If anyone would oppose me, let us stand … If anyone would accuse me, let him come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 50 9 ti2t figs-rquestion 0 Who will declare me guilty? The servant uses this question to assert that no one can declare him guilty. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can declare me guilty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 50 9 yj3u figs-metaphor 0 they will all wear out like a garment; the moth will eat them up There being no one left to accuse the servant of being guilty is spoken of as if the accusers were garments that wear thin and are eaten by moths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 50 10 r1ep 0 General Information: The servant continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 50 10 mki5 figs-rquestion 0 Who among you fears Yahweh? Who obeys the voice of his servant? Who walks in deep darkness without light? He should … his God. The servant uses these questions to identify those to whom he is speaking. Alternate translation: “If someone among you fears Yahweh and obeys the voice of his servant, but he walks in deep darkness without light, then he should … his God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 50 10 k89u figs-metonymy 0 obeys the voice of his servant Here the word “voice” represents what the servant says. Alternate translation: “obeys his servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 50 10 v35n figs-metaphor 0 walks in deep darkness without light The servant speaks of people who are suffering and feel helpless as if they were walking in a very dark place. Alternate translation: “is suffering and feels helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2913,7 +2731,6 @@ ISA 51 1 xs1b figs-metaphor 0 the rock from which you were chiseled and to the
ISA 51 1 c1ct figs-activepassive 0 the rock from which you were chiseled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the rock from which I chiseled you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 51 1 p5bj 0 chiseled Alternate translation: “cut with a chisel” or “cut”
ISA 51 1 hik7 figs-activepassive 0 the quarry from which you were cut This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the quarry from which I cut you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 51 2 hqq2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 51 2 g6rc figs-metonymy 0 Abraham, your father God speaks of their ancestor as if he were their father. Alternate translation: “Abraham, your forefather” or “Abraham, your ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 51 2 tb8v figs-metonymy 0 Sarah, who bore you God speaks of Abraham’s wife as if she were their mother and had given birth to them. Alternate translation: “Abraham’s wife, Sarah, of whom you are all descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 51 2 sx5w figs-explicit 0 when he was a lone individual This means when he did not have any children yet. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “when he had no children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -2932,12 +2749,10 @@ ISA 51 5 g33w figs-metaphor 0 my salvation will go out God speaks of saving peo
ISA 51 5 m98k figs-metonymy 0 my arm will judge the nations Here God’s arm represents his power, and judging represents ruling. Alternate translation: “I will rule the nations with my power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 51 5 lfq1 figs-metonymy 0 the coastlands This refers to the people who live on the coasts of distant lands across the sea. Alternate translation: “the people who live on the coastlands” or “the people who live in the lands across the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 51 5 nf7a figs-metonymy 0 for my arm they will eagerly wait Here God’s arm represents what he will do. Here it refers to him saving people. Alternate translation: “they will eagerly wait for me to do something” or “they will eagerly wait for me to save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 51 6 w2kt 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 51 6 qs6h figs-metaphor 0 Lift up your eyes to the sky Lifting the eyes represents looking at something above. Alternate translation: “Look up at the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 51 6 d7zs figs-simile 0 like smoke … like a garment … like flies All of these refer to things that quickly and easily disappear or become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 51 6 qh98 figs-metonymy 0 my salvation will continue forever God’s “salvation” here represents the result of his salvation, which is freedom. Alternate translation: “I will save you, you will be free forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 51 6 s7yc figs-metonymy 0 my righteousness will never stop working God’s “righteousness” here represents him ruling righteously. Alternate translation: “my righteous rule will never end” or “I will rule righteously forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 51 7 x85p 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 51 7 xj59 figs-metaphor 0 who have my law in your heart Having God’s law in the heart represents knowing God’s law and wanting to obey it. Alternate translation: “who know and honor my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 51 7 bh59 figs-activepassive 0 nor be disheartened by their abuse This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and do not lose your courage when they hurt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 51 8 n35v figs-metaphor 0 For the moth will eat them up like a garment, and the worm will eat them like wool God speaks of people who abuse those who are righteous as if they were wool garments, and of their being destroyed as if insects ate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2955,12 +2770,10 @@ ISA 51 11 r918 figs-synecdoche 0 with gladness forever on their heads This uses
ISA 51 11 ew9a figs-doublet 0 gladness and joy … sorrow and mourning The words “gladness” and “joy” mean basically the same thing, as do “sorrow” and “mourning.” Together they emphasize the intensity of these emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 51 11 r6hp figs-personification 0 gladness and joy will overtake them This speaks of the people being overwhelmed by gladness and joy by giving these emotions the human quality of being able to overtake someone. Alternate translation: “they will be overwhelmed by joy and gladness” or “they will be extremely glad and joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 51 11 b5dr figs-personification 0 sorrow and mourning will flee away This speaks of the people no longer being sorrowful and mourning by speaking of these emotions as if they could run away. Alternate translation: “they will no longer be sorrowful and mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 51 12 r4xy 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 51 12 x91f 0 I, I, am he The word “I” is repeated for emphasis. If this is unnatural in your language, the repetition does not need to be used. Alternate translation: “I am he”
ISA 51 12 rzu7 figs-rquestion 0 Why are you afraid of men … like grass? This rhetorical question emphasizes that people who have the Lord’s protection should not be afraid of human beings. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of men … like grass.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 51 12 rjp1 figs-simile 0 who are made like grass This phrase compares men to grass to emphasize that their lives are short and that they die quickly. Alternate translation: “who live and die quickly like grass” or “who will wither and disappear like grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 51 12 q2ck figs-activepassive 0 who are made like This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who are like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 51 13 mp7z 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 51 13 ht5l figs-rquestion 0 Why have you forgotten Yahweh … earth? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that they should not forget Yahweh. This may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have forgotten Yahweh … earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 51 13 q4ec 0 Maker See how you translated this name for Yahweh in [Isaiah 17:7](../17/07.md).
ISA 51 13 ysh5 figs-metaphor 0 who stretched out the heavens “who spread out the sky.” This speaks of Yahweh having created the heavens as if he had stretched them out in the same way one would stretch out a large garment. Alternate translation: “who stretched out the heavens like a garment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2968,7 +2781,6 @@ ISA 51 13 nx9y 0 the foundations of the earth The word “foundation” normal
ISA 51 13 e7k3 0 the hot fury of the oppressor when he decides to destroy Alternate translation: “the oppressor’s hot fury when he decides to cause destruction”
ISA 51 13 mu4c figs-idiom 0 hot fury Here the word “hot” means “strong” or “great.” Alternate translation: “great fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 51 13 f7jc figs-rquestion 0 Where is the fury of the oppressor? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people should not fear those who want to oppress them. Their oppressors are no longer a threat to them. This may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The fury of the oppressor is not a threat!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 51 14 n7t8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 51 14 wg9n figs-metonymy 0 The one who is bent down This refers to the people of Israel who are slaves of the Babylonians. This phrase describes how they work. Alternate translation: “The slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 51 14 kmy1 figs-metonymy 0 the pit This refers to Sheol. Alternate translation: “the pit of Sheol” or “the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 51 14 y1k4 figs-synecdoche 0 nor will he lack bread Here “bread” represents food in general. This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “nor will he be without food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -2986,7 +2798,6 @@ ISA 51 17 k9wd figs-synecdoche 0 out of the hand of Yahweh Here Yahweh is refer
ISA 51 17 uw6s 0 from the cup of staggering Alternate translation: “from the cup that caused you to stagger as if you were drunk on wine”
ISA 51 17 ca4r 0 staggering not walking straight, or stumbling while walking
ISA 51 18 qz3k figs-parallelism 0 There is no one … to guide her; there is no one … to take her by the hand These two clauses have the same meaning and can be combined. This speaks of Jerusalem being helpless as if the city were a drunk woman without a son to help her walk safely. Alternate translation: “You have no one to help you! You are like a drunk old woman without a son to take her by the hand and guide her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 51 19 k1we 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 51 19 h1j1 figs-rquestion 0 who will grieve with you?…Who will comfort you? Isaiah uses questions to emphasize that now there is no one to weep with them or comfort them. These questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “but there is no one to grieve with you … There is no one to comfort you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 51 19 a7nx 0 These two troubles The two troubles refer to the following two phrases: “desolation and destruction” and “the famine and the sword.”
ISA 51 19 mi81 figs-doublet 0 desolation and destruction These words have similar meanings and emphasize the destruction of the land caused by the opposing army. Alternate translation: “your enemies have left your city empty and ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -2995,14 +2806,12 @@ ISA 51 20 sgk9 figs-hyperbole 0 they lie at every street corner This is general
ISA 51 20 jt6u figs-simile 0 like an antelope in a net This speaks of the children being exhausted and helpless as if they were an antelope caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “they are helpless, like an antelope caught in a net” or “as helpless as a trapped antelope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 51 20 ead6 translate-unknown 0 antelope This is an animal, similar to a deer, that has horns and runs very fast. Alternate translation: “deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 51 20 le4u figs-metaphor 0 they are filled with the anger of Yahweh, the rebuke of your God The “anger of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh punishing his people because of his anger against them. This speaks of the people having been severely punished as if they had become full of Yahweh’s anger. Also, the word “rebuke” can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “they have been severely punished by Yahweh because he was angry with them and rebuked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 51 21 nr5x 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 51 21 icr5 figs-synecdoche 0 you oppressed one and drunken one Yahweh uses the word “one” here to refer to all of the oppressed people. Alternate translation: “you oppressed people and drunken people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 51 21 j17a figs-metaphor 0 drunken one, but not drunk with wine This speaks of the people acting drunk because they are suffering as if they have become drunk from being forced to drink the bowl of Yahweh’s anger. Alternate translation: “you who are drunk from drinking the wine of the bowl of Yahweh’s anger” or “you who act drunk, because you have suffered greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 51 22 rfp2 figs-metaphor 0 See, I have taken the cup of staggering from your hand—the bowl, which is the cup of my anger—so that This speaks of Yahweh no longer being angry with his people as if his anger were the contents of a cup that he was taking away from them. Alternate translation: “I will no longer be angry with you. See, it is like I have taken away from you the cup that made you stagger, that is, the cup that was full of my anger, so that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 51 22 y2ud 0 See This is used to draw the listeners’ attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
ISA 51 22 hi9q figs-metonymy 0 the cup of staggering The word “cup” refers to what is in the cup. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 51:17](../51/17.md). Alternate translation: “the cup of the wine that makes people stagger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 51 22 t4db figs-metaphor 0 the bowl, which is the cup of my anger Yahweh speaks of having punished people as if he had forced them to drink from a bowl that was filled with his anger. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 51:17](../51/17.md). Alternate translation: “the bowl which is filled with my anger” or “the cup which is filled with my anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 51 23 q5ky 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 51 23 qgu7 figs-metaphor 0 I will put it into the hand of your tormentors This speaks of Yahweh punishing their enemies as if he were going to force them to drink from the cup filled with his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 51 23 wu8d figs-explicit 0 I will put it into the hand of your tormentors It is implied that by putting the cup of his anger in their hand Yahweh will be forcing them to drink what is in the cup. Alternate translation: “I will force your tormentors to drink from the wine of the bowl of my anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 51 23 t6ks 0 your tormentors The word “tormentors” may be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “those who have tormented you” or “those who have caused you to suffer”
@ -3014,7 +2823,6 @@ ISA 52 1 p8u4 figs-metonymy 0 Zion … Jerusalem Both of these refer to the peo
ISA 52 1 w8h9 figs-nominaladj 0 the uncircumcised or the unclean These nominal adjectives can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “Those who are uncircumcised or those who are unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ISA 52 1 z2jx figs-metaphor 0 the unclean This refers to unclean people. A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “those who are not acceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 52 1 wn2c figs-metonymy 0 enter you Here “you” refers to Jerusalem which represents the people who live there. It is understood that the uncircumcised and unclean people would enter the city to attack the people. Alternate translation: “enter your city to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 52 2 l1h5 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 52 2 r7rx figs-metonymy 0 Shake yourself off from the dust; arise and sit, Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, sit up and shake the dirt off of yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 52 2 wey6 figs-metonymy 0 take off the chain from your neck, captive It is implied that the people of Jerusalem were wearing chains because they were slaves while exiled in Babylon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 52 2 vg9w figs-idiom 0 daughter of Zion This is an idiom. The “daughter” of a city means the people of the city. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “people of Zion” or “people who live in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -3034,12 +2842,10 @@ ISA 52 7 gt18 figs-synecdoche 0 How beautiful on the mountains are the feet of
ISA 52 7 r7l9 figs-metonymy 0 to Zion Here “Zion” represents the people of Zion. Alternate translation: “to the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 52 8 w7al figs-idiom 0 raise their voices This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “shout loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 52 8 pq5s figs-synecdoche 0 every eye of theirs Here “eye” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “every one of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 52 9 ne24 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 52 9 d43j figs-personification 0 you ruins of Jerusalem Isaiah speaks of the ruins of Jerusalem as if they were a person that could rejoice. This represents the people of Jerusalem who were defeated. Alternate translation: “you people who live among the ruins of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 52 9 r2fs figs-metonymy 0 he has redeemed Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “he has redeemed the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 52 10 j5iq figs-metonymy 0 bared his holy arm Here “arm” represents Yahweh’s power. Yahweh showing all the people of the nations that he is holy and powerful is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who removed his cloak, baring his arms for battle. Alternate translation: “showed his holiness and mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 52 10 w6qd figs-metonymy 0 all the nations; all the earth Here “nations” and “earth” represent the people of all the nations all over the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 52 11 vdv5 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 52 11 yq7w 0 Leave, leave This word is repeated to emphasize that the people must indeed leave, although not necessarily right away.
ISA 52 11 dd7u figs-explicit 0 go out from there It is assumed knowledge that the people of Israel were slaves in Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “go out from the land where you are slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 52 11 bel2 figs-metaphor 0 touch nothing unclean Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “touch nothing that is unacceptable to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3047,39 +2853,31 @@ ISA 52 11 mu7x 0 leave from her midst Here “her” represents Babylon.
ISA 52 12 vxi2 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will go before you; and the God of Israel will be your rearguard Yahweh protecting his people from their enemies is spoken of as if he were the warriors who go ahead of the people and the warriors who stay behind the people to protect them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 52 13 iaj3 figs-activepassive 0 he will be high and lifted up, and he will be exalted This can be stated in active form. These two phrases “high and lifted up” and “will be exalted” have basically the same meaning and emphasize that Yahweh will honor his servant. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 33:10](../33/10.md). Alternate translation: “I will give my servant the greatest honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 52 14 xyv2 figs-explicit 0 his appearance was so disfigured beyond that of any man It is implied that the servant is disfigured because enemies beat him very badly. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “his enemies beat his body so badly that he did not even look like a human anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 52 15 z9hw 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about his servant.
ISA 52 15 qs33 figs-metaphor 0 my servant will sprinkle many nations The servant causing the people of the nations to be acceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if the servant were a priest who sprinkles the blood of a sacrifice to make someone or something acceptable to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 52 15 g9pf 0 will sprinkle The Hebrew word translated “sprinkle” here can also be translated as “surprise” or “startle,” which some versions of the Bible do.
ISA 52 15 vtr9 figs-metonymy 0 many nations Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 52 15 ccn8 figs-idiom 0 kings will shut their mouths The phrase “shut their mouths” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kings will stop talking” or “kings will be silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 52 15 r1l5 figs-activepassive 0 that which they had not been told This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that which no one had told them” or “something no one had told them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 53 intro znn5 0 # Isaiah 53 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>In this chapter there is an important teaching or prophecy about the Messiah and his life and ministry. It begins in 52:13 and scholars usually note that it portrays the Messiah as a “suffering servant.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Atonement<br>This chapter prophesies about the death of Christ for sin. Most scholars believe it teaches that Christ was a righteous man who died for the sins of mankind. This is usually referred to as the atonement. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]])
ISA 53 1 l33i figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues describing Yahweh’s servant. Here Isaiah describes events that will happen in the future as if they happened in the past. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 53 1 yul6 figs-exclusive 0 Who has believed what they heard from us What Isaiah just found out is so amazing that he wonders if the exiles will believe it. The “we” includes him and those in exile. Alternate translation: “It is hard for anyone to believe what we have heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 53 1 vlz4 figs-metonymy 0 to whom has the arm of Yahweh been revealed? Arm refers to God’s power. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has revealed his power to people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 53 2 v5vm figs-simile 0 For he grew up before Yahweh like a sapling Here “he” refers to God’s servant whom Isaiah compares to a very young tree. This emphasizes that he will appear weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 53 2 a2he figs-metaphor 0 out of parched earth “parched earth” is hard and dry ground that will not allow plants to grow and represents where the servant of Yahweh will come. Alternate translation: “out of an impossible situation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 53 3 t4ar 0 General Information: Isaiah continues describing Yahweh’s servant ([Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)).
ISA 53 3 xp3g figs-activepassive 0 He was despised and rejected by people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People considered him as nothing and rejected him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 53 3 bkb5 0 a man of sorrows Alternate translation: “a man knowing all kinds of sadness”
ISA 53 3 j3j9 figs-metonymy 0 from whom men hide their faces “Face” represents a person’s attention or fellowship. Hiding one’s face means to turn away from someone. Alternate translation: “from whom people turn away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 53 3 tj7i figs-activepassive 0 he was despised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they considered him to be worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 53 4 u1xa 0 General Information: Isaiah continues describing Yahweh’s servant ([Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)).
ISA 53 4 ypj5 figs-metaphor 0 he has borne our sicknesses and carried our sorrows To “bear” or carry an abstraction like sickness and sorrow represents taking it up. Alternate translation: “he has taken our sicknesses and sorrows upon himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 53 4 xe8d figs-activepassive 0 yet we thought he was being punished by God, struck by God, and afflicted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “yet we thought God was punishing and afflicting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 53 5 x4y1 0 General Information: Isaiah continues describing Yahweh’s servant ([Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)).
ISA 53 5 wc4p figs-parallelism 0 But he was pierced because of our rebellious deeds; he was crushed because of our sins These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the servant suffered because of the people’s sins. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God allowed the enemy to stab him and kill him because of our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 53 5 u45c figs-explicit 0 The punishment for our peace was on him This refers to peace with God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “He accepted this punishment so we could live in harmony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 53 5 t2bv figs-activepassive 0 with his wounds we are healed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he healed us by his suffering of the wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 53 6 vh4t 0 General Information: Isaiah continues describing Yahweh’s servant ([Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)).
ISA 53 6 gyq2 figs-simile 0 We all like sheep have gone astray Sheep often leave the path on which the shepherd leads them. Isaiah means that we do what we want instead of what God commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 53 6 yd6v figs-metaphor 0 the iniquity of us all Our “iniquity” here represents the guilt for our sin. Alternate translation: “the guilt for the sin of every one of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 53 7 u5pf 0 General Information: Isaiah continues describing Yahweh’s servant ([Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)).
ISA 53 7 qk3r figs-activepassive 0 He was oppressed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They treated him harshly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 53 7 h2l8 figs-metonymy 0 he did not open his mouth “Mouth” represents what a person says. Opening one’s mouth means to speak. Alternate translation: “he did not protest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 53 7 ref7 figs-simile 0 as a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and as a sheep that before its shearers is silent Isaiah compares the servant to a lamb and a sheep to emphasize that he will remain silent as people harm and humiliate him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 53 7 j5bv figs-simile 0 as a lamb that is led to the slaughter This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “just as a lamb is silent as a person slaughters it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 53 8 e1nv 0 General Information: Isaiah continues describing Yahweh’s servant ([Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)).
ISA 53 8 nfv9 figs-activepassive 0 By coercion and judgment he was condemned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They treated him harshly, judged him, and condemned him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 53 8 yy4i 0 coercion The Hebrew word translated here as “coercion” is interpreted by some versions as “arrest.” For these versions, the thought is that the Servant will be arrested and then judged and condemned.
ISA 53 8 nqw6 figs-rquestion 0 who from that generation thought anymore about him? This question emphasizes that no one thinks about him. Alternate translation: “no one from his generation cared what happened to him.” or “no one among his contemporaries cared what happened to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -3087,7 +2885,6 @@ ISA 53 8 e9ga 0 who from that generation thought anymore about him? Many versi
ISA 53 8 d1b3 figs-activepassive 0 But he was cut off from the land of the living “Cut off” here refers to death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But he died” or “But death took him away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 53 8 j24p 0 of my people Alternate translation: “of the people of Israel”
ISA 53 9 y3uz figs-metonymy 0 nor had there been any deceit in his mouth “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “nor did he deceive anyone when he spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 53 10 mv7x 0 General Information: Isaiah continues describing Yahweh’s servant ([Isaiah 53:1-2](./01.md)).
ISA 53 10 db99 figs-metaphor 0 he will see his offspring Here, “offspring” means those people that Yahweh has forgiven because of the servant’s sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 53 10 zq6y figs-idiom 0 he will prolong his days This speaks of making him live for more time. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make his servant live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 53 10 q44m figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh’s purpose will be accomplished through him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will accomplish his purpose through his servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3095,7 +2892,6 @@ ISA 53 11 y6hr figs-metonymy 0 After the suffering of his life Here “his life
ISA 53 11 z63d figs-metaphor 0 he will see light Many versions understand “light” here to stand for life. That is, the servant will become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 53 11 kq9w 0 My righteous servant Here “my” refers to Yahweh.
ISA 53 11 q1ts figs-metaphor 0 he will bear their iniquities The word “bear” means carry. This could mean: (1) “their iniquities” is a metonym representing the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “he will take their punishment” or “he will be punished for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br> * or (2) “their iniquities” is a metonym representing their guilt. Alternate translation: “he will take their guilt upon himself” or “he will be guilty for their sins”
ISA 53 12 y3y2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues describing his servant.
ISA 53 12 p84g figs-parallelism 0 Therefore will I give him his portion among the multitudes, and he will divide the spoils with the many These two clauses mean basically the same thing. “Portion” and “spoils” refer to a king after a victorious battle sharing the plunder or rewards with his army. This means God will greatly honor his servant because of his sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 53 12 q68p 0 the multitudes Many versions interpret this expression as “the many” or “the strong.”
ISA 53 12 tiu1 figs-metonymy 0 because he exposed himself to death “Exposed” means to be vulnerable or unprotected. The servant of Yahweh put himself in a situation where he would die. Alternate translation: “he willingly accepted the possibility of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -3105,13 +2901,10 @@ ISA 54 1 z782 figs-metaphor 0 you barren woman … children of the married woma
ISA 54 1 qza5 figs-parallelism 0 break into joyful singing and cry aloud, you who have never been in birth labor This statement means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 54 1 zw4s figs-pastforfuture 0 For the children of the desolate one are more An event that will happen in the future is spoken of as if it happened in the past. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “For the children of the desolate woman will be more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
ISA 54 1 vf4r 0 the desolate one Here “desolate” means that the woman’s husband had rejected and abandoned her
ISA 54 2 j53q 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 54 2 u8qg figs-metaphor 0 Make your tent larger … strengthen your stakes This continues the metaphor that began in [Isaiah 54:1](../54/01.md). Yahweh telling the people of Jerusalem to prepare because Yahweh will greatly increase their people is spoken of as if he is telling a woman to make her tent bigger to make room for many children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 54 3 a221 figs-you 0 For you will spread out Here “you” is singular and refers to the barren woman. She represents herself and all of her descendants. Alternate translation: “For you and your descendants will spread out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 54 3 b8xu figs-metonymy 0 will conquer nations Here “nations” represents the people. Alternate translation: “will conquer the people of other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 54 4 xjp6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 54 4 zk1l figs-metaphor 0 you will forget the shame of your youth and the disgrace of your abandonment Yahweh telling the people that in the future they will not even think about the shame they experienced when their enemies defeated them is spoken of as if Yahweh were telling a woman that she will no longer think about the shame she experienced from being unable to have children and having her husband abandon her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 54 5 yck3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 54 5 r46e figs-metaphor 0 For your Maker is your husband Yahweh loving and taking care of his people is spoken of as if he were their husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 54 5 baj2 0 Maker See how you translated this in [Isaiah 17:7](../17/07.md).
ISA 54 5 qmd4 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:24](../01/24.md).
@ -3120,7 +2913,6 @@ ISA 54 5 nkc4 0 Redeemer See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/1
ISA 54 5 zf3w figs-activepassive 0 he is called the God of the whole earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he is the God of the whole earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 54 6 mj4h figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has called you back as a wife … like a woman married young and rejected Yahweh sending his people away into exile then bringing them back is spoken of as if Yahweh were a husband who had rejected his wife but now accepts her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 54 6 c9rt figs-metonymy 0 grieved in spirit Here “spirit” represents a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “grieved” or “made sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 54 7 n9cy 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 54 8 w36x figs-metaphor 0 In a flood of anger Yahweh being very angry is spoken of as if his anger were a flood that overwhelms people. Alternate translation: “When I was very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 54 8 lz5y figs-idiom 0 I hid my face from you Here “hid my face” is an idiom that means God abandoned his people and let them suffer. Alternate translation: “I abandoned you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 54 8 ued4 figs-abstractnouns 0 but with everlasting covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” See how you translated “covenant faithfulness” in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). Alternate translation: “but because I always am faithful to my covenant with you” or “but because I am always faithful to do what I promise to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -3131,7 +2923,6 @@ ISA 54 10 n2al figs-activepassive 0 the hills be shaken This can be stated in a
ISA 54 10 g8ib figs-metaphor 0 my steadfast love will not turn away from you Yahweh continuing to love his people is spoken of as if his love would not turn away from the people. Alternate translation: “I will not stop loving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 54 10 e3aj figs-metaphor 0 nor will my covenant of peace be shaken Yahweh not canceling his covenant with the people is spoken of as if his covenant were an object that would not be shaken. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and I will not cancel my covenant of peace” or “and I will surely give you peace as I promised in my covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 54 10 h5qq figs-123person 0 says Yahweh, who has mercy on you Here Yahweh speaks about himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “that is what I, Yahweh, who acts mercifully, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ISA 54 11 m1w7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 54 11 dx8e figs-apostrophe 0 Afflicted one Here Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem as if it were listening to him. Here Jerusalem represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “You afflicted people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 54 11 n2mb figs-metaphor 0 storm-driven Yahweh speaks of the people as if they were blown around and damaged by the winds and storms. This means the people were hurt and without stability. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 54 11 dk4c 0 uncomforted one Alternate translation: “without comfort”
@ -3139,7 +2930,6 @@ ISA 54 11 r3g9 0 I will set your pavement in turquoise … lay your foundation
ISA 54 11 ih34 translate-unknown 0 turquoise … sapphires These are precious gemstones. Turquoise is light blue-to-green, sapphires are typically dark blue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 54 12 v6lh 0 I will make … beautiful stones Yahweh describes in ideal terms how he will restore Jerusalem and cause it to be beautiful again. Although the language may be exaggerated, you should translate this just as Yahweh described it.
ISA 54 12 d32a translate-unknown 0 rubies These precious gemstones are red to pink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ISA 54 13 via6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 54 13 zt6p figs-activepassive 0 Then all your children will be taught by Yahweh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will teach all your children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 54 13 e6ul figs-123person 0 by Yahweh Yahweh speaks of himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “by me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ISA 54 14 e2ru figs-abstractnouns 0 In righteousness you will be established The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as the adjective “right.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be strong again because you will do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3147,7 +2937,6 @@ ISA 54 14 rk6l 0 it will not come near to you No one in the city or outsiders
ISA 54 15 h4z4 0 General Information: Yahweh continue speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 54 15 hxz5 figs-idiom 0 stirs up trouble This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “causes trouble” or “troubles you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 54 15 ii4x figs-idiom 0 will fall in defeat This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you will defeat them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 54 17 x962 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 54 17 thu4 figs-metonymy 0 No weapon that is formed against you will succeed Enemies not succeeding against Yahweh’s people is spoken of as if their weapons would not succeed against Yahweh’s people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Enemies may form weapons to attack you but they will not defeat you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 54 17 f69n figs-metaphor 0 This is the heritage of the servants of Yahweh The reward that Yahweh will give to those who serve him is spoken of as if the reward were something they would inherit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 54 17 b727 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -3156,7 +2945,6 @@ ISA 55 1 vge8 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of blessing th
ISA 55 1 y9kd 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem in exile through Isaiah.
ISA 55 1 g9yx 0 Come … Come The repetition of this word four times adds a sense of urgency to the invitation.
ISA 55 1 wtd4 figs-irony 0 buy wine and milk without money and without cost There is a sense of irony in this statement since a person usually has to use money to buy something. This emphasizes Yahweh’s amazing grace in giving these things freely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ISA 55 2 c9ai 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 55 2 ha8z figs-rquestion 0 Why do you weigh out … bread, and why do you labor … satisfy? Yahweh asks these questions to rebuke the people. He speaks of the people seeking happiness apart from Yahweh as if they were purchasing things to eat that were not food and working for things that could not satisfy them. Alternate translation: “You should not weigh out silver … bread, and you should not labor … satisfy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 55 2 wil6 figs-explicit 0 weigh out silver This refers to counting silver coins in order to pay someone for something. Alternate translation: “pay money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 55 2 ua4a figs-synecdoche 0 for what is not bread Here the word “bread” represents food in general. It is implied that the people were buying things to eat that were not really food. Alternate translation: “for things to eat that are not really food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -3164,7 +2952,6 @@ ISA 55 2 l8h1 figs-metaphor 0 eat what is good, and delight yourselves in fatne
ISA 55 2 b221 figs-idiom 0 in fatness The word “fatness” refers to meat that has plenty of fat on it and is an idiom for fine food. Alternate translation: “with the best foods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 55 3 npj6 figs-metaphor 0 Turn your ears Listening to or paying attention to someone is spoken of as if it were turning one’s ears to someone. Alternate translation: “Pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 55 4 lar1 0 I have placed him This could mean: (1) this refers to what Yahweh did for King David in the past or (2) it refers to what God will do through one of David’s descendants.
ISA 55 5 leh9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 55 5 pxt4 0 the Holy One of Israel See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 55 6 qi9x figs-activepassive 0 Seek Yahweh while he may be found This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Seek Yahweh while you can still find him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 55 7 c3wy figs-nominaladj 0 Let the wicked leave his path The word “wicked” refers to wicked people. Yahweh speaks of wicked people no longer sinning as if they were to stop walking along a path that they had been traveling. Alternate translation: “Let wicked people change the way they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3172,14 +2959,11 @@ ISA 55 7 y63b figs-ellipsis 0 the man of sin his thoughts The verb may be suppl
ISA 55 7 wj8e 0 his thoughts This could mean: (1) “the way he thinks” or (2) “his plans”
ISA 55 7 h5ht 0 he will pity him Alternate translation: “Yahweh will pity him”
ISA 55 7 mq71 figs-ellipsis 0 to our God The verb may be supplied from the first phrase in this sentence. Alternate translation: “let him return to our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 55 8 faw8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 55 9 gd6x figs-metaphor 0 for as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts Yahweh speaks of the things that he does and how he thinks as being far superior to or higher than what people do and think, just like the sky is much higher than the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 55 10 i9uz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 55 10 i7ei 0 For as the rain and snow … do not return there This is likely a description of the rain and snow evaporating.
ISA 55 11 xj89 figs-personification 0 so also my word … it will achieve the purpose for which I sent it Yahweh speaks of his word as if it were a person whom he sends out as his messenger to accomplish a task. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 55 11 mi1p figs-synecdoche 0 my word will be that goes from my mouth Here the word “mouth” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “the word that I speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 55 11 q6s2 figs-explicit 0 it will not return to me empty Here the description of the word returning to Yahweh means that it has completed the task that Yahweh had sent it to complete. That it will not return “empty” means that it will not fail to accomplish its task. Alternate translation: “it will not fail to complete its task” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 55 12 z72i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
ISA 55 12 eni2 figs-activepassive 0 be led along peacefully This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will lead you along peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 55 12 w3uy figs-personification 0 the mountains and the hills will break out in joyful shouts before you, and all the trees of the fields will clap their hands Yahweh speaks of the mountains, hills, and trees as if they were people with voices and hands, celebrating as Yahweh rescues his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 55 13 a7v2 translate-unknown 0 Instead of the thornbushes, the cypress will grow; and instead of the brier, the myrtle tree will grow The words “thornbushes” and “brier” refer to species of plants that have sharp thorns growing on them. The words “cypress” and “myrtle” refer to species of evergreen trees. The thorny plants symbolize desolation, while the evergreens symbolize life and prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@ -3200,7 +2984,6 @@ ISA 56 9 v1f8 figs-metaphor 0 All you wild beasts of the field, come and devour
ISA 56 10 m4qm 0 All their watchmen are blind This means Israel’s leaders cannot or perhaps do not want to see what is going on in society.
ISA 56 10 tz9w figs-metaphor 0 They are all silent dogs The leaders are supposed to open their mouths and warn the people, but they do not. Comparing someone to a dog in this society is a great insult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 56 10 r63i 0 They dream, and lying down they love to sleep This means the leaders are not bringing God’s word of warning to Israel but prefer their own comfort.
ISA 56 11 tzq4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues describing the evil leaders of his people.
ISA 56 11 ub1k figs-metaphor 0 The dogs have big appetites Yahweh continues comparing Israel’s bad leaders to dogs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 57 intro miv3 0 # Isaiah 57 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Child sacrifice<br>This chapter references the killing of children. Some religions in the ancient Near East practiced the sacrificing of their children. This was considered evil by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Mocking<br>The people abandoned the worship of Yahweh in favor of other gods. When they needed help, he tells them to ask these false gods. This is mocking the power of the false gods and shows the people the uselessness of their worship of these gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
ISA 57 1 r38x figs-abstractnouns 0 the people of covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” See how you translated “covenant faithfulness” in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). Alternate translation: “the people who are faithful to the covenant” or “the people who are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -3214,23 +2997,17 @@ ISA 57 3 r3tv figs-metaphor 0 sons of the sorceress This is a strong insult aga
ISA 57 3 z4xi 0 children of the adulterer and the woman who has prostituted herself This refers to actual and spiritual adultery. They have abandoned the worship of God and now worship other gods and idols along with actual prostitution in pagan Canaanite ceremonies.
ISA 57 4 wik1 figs-rquestion 0 Whom are you merrily mocking? Against whom are you opening the mouth and sticking out the tongue? Yahweh uses questions to scold the people who are mocking him through false worship. Alternate translation: “You are mocking me and making fun of me by opening your mouth wide and sticking out the tongue!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 57 4 mbu5 figs-rquestion 0 Are you not children of rebellion, children of deceit? Yahweh uses another question to scold the people. This does not refer to their birth but to their spiritual state. Alternate translation: “You are children of rebellion, children of deceit!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 57 5 xfv6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel.
ISA 57 5 zeb6 figs-explicit 0 You heat yourselves … under the rocky overhangs All of these actions are associated with worshiping idols. The oaks were sacred trees to the Canaanites. People thought such activity would increase fertility for people and the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 57 6 db7z 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel.
ISA 57 6 yy1r figs-activepassive 0 that have been assigned to you This can be stated in active form. The exact meaning in Hebrew is unclear. Alternate translation: “that is your lot” or “that is your inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 57 6 r76w figs-rquestion 0 In these things should I take pleasure? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “Certainly, these things do not please me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 57 7 mdj3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel.
ISA 57 7 h9pb figs-euphemism 0 You prepared your bed This refers to sleeping with prostitutes as a part of worshiping false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ISA 57 7 er5k figs-explicit 0 on a high mountain People often went on top of hills and mountains to worship false gods. They thought those were the best places for worship. This might even refer to Jerusalem, too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 57 8 bg7e 0 You made a covenant with them Alternate translation: “You made a contract with them”
ISA 57 9 qkt8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel.
ISA 57 9 ek3t figs-hyperbole 0 you went down to Sheol The people did not literally go to Sheol, the world of the dead. Instead, Yahweh is indicating by exaggeration that the people were willing to go anywhere to find new gods to worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ISA 57 10 yn3i figs-metaphor 0 You found life in your hand After trying so hard, the idolators found they still had strength to keep going. Here “hand” equals “strength” or “capacity.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 57 11 gqf9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel.
ISA 57 11 r1q1 figs-rquestion 0 Whom are you worried about? Whom do you fear so much that has caused you to act so deceitfully … about me? Yahweh uses these questions to scold the people. Alternate translation: “You must really fear these idols for you to act so deceitfully … about me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 57 11 wq9h figs-doublet 0 so much that you would not remember me or think about me These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that, although the people should have remembered Yahweh, they did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ISA 57 12 cld8 figs-irony 0 I will proclaim all your righteous acts and tell all that you have done Yahweh is being sarcastic, calling their evil deeds so-called righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ISA 57 13 may9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the unfaithful people of Israel.
ISA 57 13 c5vg figs-irony 0 let your collection of idols rescue you Yahweh is mocking the people and their idols. He tells the idols to save the people though he knows they cannot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ISA 57 13 vdx1 figs-parallelism 0 the wind will carry them all away, a breath will carry them all away This is saying the same thing in two ways to emphasize that idols are helpless and worthless. Alternate translation: “the wind, or even a breath, will blow them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 57 13 s4h7 0 holy mountain The “holy mountain” is Mount Zion, in Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/09.md).
@ -3238,10 +3015,8 @@ ISA 57 14 d8ms figs-metaphor 0 Build, build! Clear a way! Remove all the stumbl
ISA 57 15 nf35 0 For this is what the high and elevated One says The words “high” and “elevated” have basically the same meaning here and emphasize Yahweh being exalted. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 6:1](../06/01.md) and [Isaiah 33:10](../33/10.md). See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 52:13](../52/13.md).
ISA 57 15 y31b figs-parallelism 0 to revive the spirit of the humble ones, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will strengthen and encourage those who humble themselves before him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 57 15 z6yj figs-metonymy 0 spirit … heart Here these refer to a person’s thoughts and emotions, not the spirit and heart literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 57 16 h42q 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 57 17 kl3t figs-idiom 0 I hid my face This means God gave up on his people and no longer helped or blessed them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 57 17 n312 figs-metonymy 0 he went backward in the way of his heart This means the Israelites kept rejecting the true God for false ones. Here “backward” and “way” are location words representing motivations and feelings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 57 18 p57m 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 57 18 utk3 0 his ways “their ways.” Here “his” refers to the people of Israel.
ISA 57 18 kfr6 0 comfort and console those who mourn for him Alternate translation: “I will soothe and calm those who feel sad for the people’s suffering because of their sinful behavior”
ISA 57 19 u422 figs-metonymy 0 I create the fruit of the lips Here “fruit of the lips” refers to what a person says. Alternate translation: “I cause them to praise and thank me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -3251,33 +3026,25 @@ ISA 58 intro wkw6 0 # Isaiah 58 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<
ISA 58 1 akw2 figs-simile 0 Lift up your voice like a trumpet This means shout loudly. Here “your” refers to Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 58 1 dw8k figs-parallelism 0 Confront my people with their rebellion, and the house of Jacob with their sins These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the urgency to confront Yahweh’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 58 3 c1tq figs-rquestion 0 ‘Why have we fasted,’ they say, ‘but you do not see it? Why have we humbled ourselves, but you do not notice?’ The people of Israel use questions to complain to God because they feel he is ignoring them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 58 4 tg4q 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel by answering their challenging question.
ISA 58 4 vt4a 0 Look “Behold!” or “Pay attention.” Yahweh confronts their questioning by telling them to pay attention.
ISA 58 4 i2t9 figs-metonymy 0 fist of wickedness “wicked fist.” This shows that they fight viciously. “Fist” represents anger that is physically violent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 58 5 wb5r figs-rquestion 0 Is this really the kind of fast that I would want … under himself? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. They act like they are humble before God, but they are hurting other people. Alternate translation: “This is not the kind of fast I want … under himself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 58 5 acf6 figs-simile 0 A day for anybody to humble himself, for him to bow down his head like a reed This means the person is bowing down, but he is not truly humble. “A reed” represents a weak plant that bends easily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 58 5 bg7s figs-rquestion 0 Do you really call this a fast, a day that pleases Yahweh? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “Surely you do not think this kind of fast pleases me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 58 6 xbv6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 58 6 ba3r figs-rquestion 0 Is not this the fast that I choose … break every yoke? Yahweh uses a question to teach the people about the kind of fast that pleases him. Alternate translation: “This is the fast that I choose … break every yoke.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 58 6 d4hx figs-metonymy 0 To release wicked bonds, to undo the ropes of the yoke, to set the crushed ones free, and to break every yoke All of these phrases mean they should help those people whom the wicked are hurting and oppressing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 58 7 mv38 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not to … your house? Yahweh uses another question to teach the people. Alternate translation: “It is to … your house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 58 7 g6ne figs-idiom 0 break your bread This phrase represents starting the meal by the host tearing the loaf of bread apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 58 8 dpx1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 58 8 pk9d figs-idiom 0 Then your light would be broken open like the sunrise “Break open” here is an idiom that means when a light begins to shine brightly. This means that if they help people in need, their deeds will be like lights others will see, as when the sun comes up after a dark night. Or the light may refer to the light of the Lord, shining on them and blessing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 58 8 n7u7 figs-metaphor 0 your healing would quickly sprout up This means God will bless and restore them quickly, as a wound heals quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 58 8 jj59 0 your righteousness would go before you, and the glory of Yahweh would be your rearguard This refers to the time when God protected the people of Israel as they escaped from Egypt. This means God will again protect them from their enemies if they will do what is right.
ISA 58 8 qu5x 0 your righteousness This expression in Hebrew can also be interpreted as the one who gives righteousness or even victory. In this context, this expression would refer to God. A few modern versions have this interpretation.
ISA 58 9 sym6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 58 10 c9f8 figs-metaphor 0 then your light will rise in the darkness, and your darkness will be like the noonday “Your light” represents the acts of kindness that will be examples to everyone, and the “darkness,” the bad deeds, will be overcome by their good deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 58 11 g6up 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 58 11 n3uj figs-metaphor 0 satisfy you in regions where there is no water “Water” represents all they need for an abundant life even when their surroundings do not have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 58 11 spd1 figs-simile 0 You will be like a watered garden “A watered garden” represents abundance and plenty so they will have all they need. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 58 11 e2u3 figs-simile 0 like a spring of water, whose waters never fail “A spring of water” represents a source of abundance in a land where water is precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 58 12 ue2m 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 58 12 a2lt figs-activepassive 0 you will be called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will call you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 58 13 ha7a 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 58 13 dvf4 figs-synecdoche 0 you turn back your feet from traveling on the Sabbath day, and from doing your own pleasure on my holy day Here the people are represented by their “feet.” God did not allow long travels or work on the day of rest. Alternate translation: “you stop traveling and doing what you want to do on the Sabbath, my holy day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 58 14 md3q 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 58 14 gl7b figs-metaphor 0 I will make you ride on the heights of the earth This refers to God exalting the nation in reputation and power in response to living righteously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 58 14 g7g6 figs-synecdoche 0 for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken The word “mouth” symbolizes what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has spoken it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 59 intro ag3n 0 # Isaiah 59 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s deliverance<br>When Israel was conquered, they were being punished for their sin. Yahweh is strong enough to deliver them, but he did not because he desired to refine them through the experience of the exile. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
@ -3285,11 +3052,9 @@ ISA 59 1 pss8 0 Look “Behold!” or “You should know!” Yahweh tells the
ISA 59 1 q7gn figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s hand is not so short “Hand” represents power and ability. A “short” hand does not have power and ability. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is fully able” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 2 d3ku figs-you 0 your … you These plural pronouns refer to the people of Israel as a single group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 59 2 b6lq figs-personification 0 your sins have made him hide his face from you “Face” represents being present and looking upon. Alternate translation: “your sins have made him turn away from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 59 3 a5my 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 59 3 brc4 figs-metonymy 0 For your hands are stained with blood and your fingers with sin Here “hands” and “fingers” refers to their actions. This means they are guilty of doing violent and sinful things. “Your” is plural. Alternate translation: “For you have committed violent sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 59 3 h19x figs-metonymy 0 Your lips speak lies and your tongue speaks maliciously The parts of the body that make speech represent what people say. Alternate translation: “You speak lies and malicious things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 59 4 a81n figs-metaphor 0 they conceive trouble and give birth to sin “Conceiving” and “giving birth” emphasize how carefully they plan to do sinful things. Here “they” still refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “they work hard to do sinful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 5 nqx3 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel about the evil they do using the metaphors of poisonous snakes and spider’s webs.
ISA 59 5 a5v3 figs-metaphor 0 They hatch eggs of a poisonous snake Eggs of a poisonous snake hatch into more dangerous snakes. “Poisonous snakes” represents evil the people do that harms more and more. Alternate translation: “They make evil that spreads out to make more evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 5 np5s figs-metaphor 0 weave a spider’s web This represents the deeds of the people that are useless. Alternate translation: “produce things and activities that are useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 5 ntp8 figs-metaphor 0 Whoever eats of their eggs dies, and if an egg is crushed, it hatches into a poisonous snake Eating a poisonous egg will kill the one that eats it and represents self-destruction. Breaking the egg allows the young poisonous snake to hatch and represents spreading destruction. Alternate translation: “The activities they do will destroy them and will spread destruction to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3297,34 +3062,27 @@ ISA 59 5 zj3v figs-activepassive 0 if an egg is crushed This can be stated in a
ISA 59 6 njm8 figs-metaphor 0 Their webs cannot be used for garments, nor can they cover themselves with their works This means their sinful deeds cannot be covered and hidden, just as a web cannot serve as clothing and cover someone. Alternate translation: “Their evil deeds will be exposed as useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 6 r1fj figs-activepassive 0 Their webs cannot be used for garments This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They cannot clothe themselves with their webs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 59 6 q53u figs-metonymy 0 deeds of violence are in their hands “Hands” represents the ability and power to do these things and therefore their responsibility. Alternate translation: “they are fully responsible for the violence they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 59 7 u2rk 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 59 7 l2vv figs-synecdoche 0 Their feet run to evil Here people are represented by their “feet.” This speaks of them doing something quickly as their feet running to it. Alternate translation: “They are quick to do evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 7 k2ys figs-metaphor 0 are their roads “roads” represents their way of life. Alternate translation: “are all they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 8 i53h figs-metaphor 0 there is no justice in their paths “paths” represents their way of life. Alternate translation: “they never do what is just” or “everything they do is unjust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 8 lc94 figs-metaphor 0 They have made crooked paths “Crooked paths” represents the way of life that is corrupt. Alternate translation: “They say and do dishonest things. They are devious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 9 yen4 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 59 9 ps1q figs-exclusive 0 justice is far from us Here “us” refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. “Far” represents that justice is gone and difficult to get. Alternate translation: “justice is gone and very difficult to get” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 9 ir1h figs-parallelism 0 We wait for light, but see darkness; we look for brightness, but we walk in darkness Each of these phrases means that the people are waiting for God’s goodness, but it seems like he has abandoned them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 10 bg1w figs-simile 0 We grope for the wall like the blind … like dead men This means that because God is not coming to them, they feel helpless, not finding the right path and despairing of the future, with no hope for a vibrant life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 59 11 wv6x 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 59 11 jgk8 figs-simile 0 We growl like bears and moan like doves These refer to the sounds the people made because they were distressed and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 59 12 ihk9 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking.
ISA 59 12 c6ut figs-exclusive 0 our many transgressions Here “our” refers to Isaiah and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ISA 59 12 dxj1 figs-you 0 before you Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 59 12 ujp4 figs-personification 0 our sins testify against us Isaiah describes the sins as a person who goes before God to declare that the people are guilty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 59 12 w614 figs-metaphor 0 for our transgressions are with us “With us” represents being aware of them. Alternate translation: “for we are aware of our transgressions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 59 14 shd5 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking.
ISA 59 14 wi7i figs-activepassive 0 Justice is driven back This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people drive justice back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 59 14 e1d8 figs-personification 0 Justice … righteousness … truth … right These are ideas that Isaiah describes as acting like persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 59 15 g3ak figs-personification 0 Trustworthiness Isaiah describes this idea as acting like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 59 16 j6z8 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking.
ISA 59 16 qym5 0 He saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no one to intervene. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was appalled that no one came to help those who were suffering.” or “Yahweh was astonished that no one came to help those who were suffering.”
ISA 59 16 ngp8 figs-metonymy 0 Therefore his own arm brought salvation for him Yahweh’s “arm” represents his ability and power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh used his own power to save the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 59 16 cty4 figs-personification 0 his righteousness sustained him “Righteousness” here is a quality that acts like a person. The word can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “he did right as he always would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ISA 59 17 c6gq figs-metaphor 0 He put on righteousness as a breastplate and a helmet of salvation upon his head. He clothed himself with garments of vengeance and wore zeal as a mantle “breastplate,” “helmet,” “garments,” and “mantle” are clothing for war and fighting. Isaiah describes Yahweh as putting these on to punish his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 59 17 c42q 0 mantle a loose, flowing robe
ISA 59 18 s3p1 0 He repaid them Isaiah is describing a future event as if it happened in the past. This means that it will certainly happen.
ISA 59 19 hr5t 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking.
ISA 59 19 j5p8 figs-metonymy 0 fear the name of Yahweh Here “name” refers to Yahweh’s reputation and character. Alternate translation: “fear Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 59 19 a6vs figs-merism 0 from the west … from the sun’s rising Isaiah combines these words to mean people in all places of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 59 19 s4n5 figs-simile 0 for he will come as a rushing stream Narrow valleys in Judah were dry most of the year until a sudden, heavy rain turned them into fast-moving water. When that happened there was a lot of noise and wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -3332,9 +3090,7 @@ ISA 59 19 v9b2 figs-activepassive 0 driven by the breath of Yahweh This can be
ISA 59 20 sbk2 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ISA 59 21 yj33 0 my words which I have put in your mouth Alternate translation: “the message I have given you to speak”
ISA 60 intro w59w 0 # Isaiah 60 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s restoration<br>This chapter pictures a time when Israel will be fully restored to Yahweh. They will be everything Yahweh intended them to be. All the nations will look to Israel and acknowledge her special relationship to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
ISA 60 1 z5e6 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 60 1 dli2 figs-metaphor 0 Arise, shine; for your light has come, and the glory of Yahweh has risen on you This refers to the glorious things Yahweh has done for the inhabitants of Jerusalem. They are now to show that glory through what they do and say and have hope in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 60 2 u9cn 0 General Information: Isaiah is speaking to the people of Israel. He continues the metaphor about “light” ([Isaiah 60:1](../60/01.md)).
ISA 60 2 ty2x figs-parallelism 0 Though darkness will cover the earth, and thick darkness the nations Both of these phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. They refer to “spiritual darkness.” This means all the other people of the world will not know Yahweh or how to please him. This is a metaphor for divine judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 60 2 kp9c figs-metaphor 0 yet Yahweh will arise upon you This means the light of God’s presence will appear for the people of Israel, and it will show the way they should go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 60 2 s5ca figs-activepassive 0 his glory will be seen on you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations will see his glory on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3344,42 +3100,33 @@ ISA 60 4 b3v9 figs-activepassive 0 your daughters will be carried in their arms
ISA 60 5 ku6b figs-parallelism 0 Then you will look and be radiant, and your heart shall rejoice and overflow These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that they will be very happy because of what will happen in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 60 5 rnt2 0 the abundance of the sea This refers to the riches and goods that will come to Jerusalem by way of shipping, perhaps from along the Mediterranean Sea.
ISA 60 5 dn2d figs-metaphor 0 be poured out to you This describes that the abundance will be like water that gushes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 60 6 s2i2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 60 6 sn7y 0 the dromedaries Alternate translation: “the young camels”
ISA 60 6 vu2u translate-names 0 Ephah an area in Arabia (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 60 7 g7av translate-names 0 Kedar … Nebaioth These are the names of areas in Arabia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 60 7 vl7c figs-activepassive 0 All the flocks of Kedar will be gathered together to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Kedar will gather their flocks for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 60 7 pi4p 0 the rams of Nebaioth will serve your needs This refers to their need for sacrifices.
ISA 60 7 ec9a 0 they will be acceptable offerings on my altar Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will accept them on my altar”
ISA 60 8 tl1p 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 60 8 af2u figs-rquestion 0 Who are these who fly along like a cloud, and like the doves to their shelters? Yahweh uses questions and poetic images to draw attention here. He compares the sails of the ships to clouds and doves. This is also a picture of the Israelites returning to the country where they belong. Alternate translation: “Look, I see something like clouds moving quickly and like doves returning to their shelters.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 60 9 vl72 figs-metonymy 0 The coastlands This refers to the people who live on the coastlands and describes the area of coastlands as if it was people looking out. Alternate translation: “The people from the coastlands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 60 9 liy6 0 the ships of Tarshish This expression usually means large merchant ships suitable for long voyages.
ISA 60 9 z7pl 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 60 9 ywq6 0 he has honored you Alternate translation: “Yahweh has honored you, the people of Israel”
ISA 60 10 cy6u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 60 11 eas5 figs-activepassive 0 they will not be shut day or night Here “day” and “night” together mean “all the time.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever shut them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 60 11 c5un figs-activepassive 0 so that the wealth of the nations may be brought, with their kings being led This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the people of the nations may bring their wealth, along with their kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 60 12 q5kz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 60 12 hdc5 figs-activepassive 0 those nations will be completely destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy the people of those nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 60 13 v72j 0 The glory of Lebanon This refers to Lebanon being famous for its beautiful trees, especially cypress and cedar. The exact identification of all the trees is not known.
ISA 60 13 e35k figs-metonymy 0 the place of my feet This refers to Yahweh’s temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 60 14 py1v 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 60 14 gb24 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
ISA 60 15 ihk5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 60 15 an1x 0 with no one passing through you Alternate translation: “with everyone avoiding your land” or “with all the foreigners avoiding your land”
ISA 60 16 njt8 figs-metaphor 0 You will also drink the milk of the nations, and will nurse at the breast of kings This refers to the wealth and plenty that will be drained from foreign nations. Both clauses repeat the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 60 16 ygm4 0 Redeemer See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md).
ISA 60 16 fef8 0 the Mighty One of Jacob See how you translated this in [Isaiah 49:26](../49/26.md).
ISA 60 17 dg7a 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 60 17 uwa8 figs-ellipsis 0 instead of wood, bronze, and instead of stones, iron Yahweh will give more valuable building materials to them now. Alternate translation: “instead of wood, I will bring bronze, and instead of stones, I will bring iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ISA 60 17 nbx6 figs-personification 0 I will appoint peace as your governors, and justice your rulers Yahweh describes “peace” and “justice” as human rulers. This means there will be complete peace and justice in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 60 18 f499 figs-activepassive 0 Violence will no longer be heard in your land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There will no longer be reports of violence in your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 60 18 ik17 figs-metonymy 0 but you will call your walls Salvation, and your gates Praise The physical objects have the names of spiritual qualities. The city of Jerusalem will be a safe place, and the people there will praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 60 19 wq86 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 60 20 l1pb figs-parallelism 0 for Yahweh will be your everlasting light Both verses repeat this same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 60 20 d6du figs-metaphor 0 Your sun will no longer set, nor will your moon withdraw and disappear The moon will not literally disappear. This exaggeration is saying that the light of the sun and the moon will be much less bright than the light of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ISA 60 21 ppu9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ISA 60 21 h3th figs-parallelism 0 the branch of my planting, the work of my hands These phrases mean approximately the same and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 60 21 eqv7 figs-metaphor 0 the branch of my planting Yahweh is comparing the people to young shoots coming up that he planted as if he was a gardener. Yahweh has placed his people in the land of Israel. This gives hope to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 60 21 w3n1 figs-metaphor 0 the work of my hands Yahweh compares the people of Israel to something made by the skill of his handicraft. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3389,18 +3136,14 @@ ISA 61 intro vsb3 0 # Isaiah 61 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<
ISA 61 1 s7f8 0 The Spirit of the Lord Yahweh is on me “Spirit” here is the Holy Spirit of Yahweh who compels or motivates the person. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:2](../11/02.md) or in [Isaiah 42:1](../42/01.md).
ISA 61 1 xr6t 0 the afflicted This refers to poor people, those in great sorrow, or oppressed people who have problems they cannot overcome by themselves.
ISA 61 1 n6cg figs-parallelism 0 liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison for those who are bound These two phrases mean the same thing. They state that God will certainly give freedom to captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 61 2 gds9 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking.
ISA 61 2 pj2e figs-metonymy 0 the year of Yahweh’s favor, the day of vengeance Both of these phrases refer to the same span of time. “Year” and “day” are both specific examples that represent the greater whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 61 2 b53s 0 year of Yahweh’s favor Alternate translation: “time when Yahweh will act kindly toward his people”
ISA 61 3 c4hv 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking.
ISA 61 3 d5cz 0 to give … to give Isaiah repeats this for emphasis.
ISA 61 3 a7bm 0 a turban “a headdress” or “a beautiful head covering.” This is a long piece of cloth that is wrapped around the head.
ISA 61 3 qss6 figs-metonymy 0 oil of joy … a mantle of praise People put oil on themselves and dressed in beautiful, long robes during times of celebration and joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 61 3 x9dy 0 in place of a spirit of dullness Alternate translation: “in place of sadness” or “in place of mourning”
ISA 61 3 s3uu figs-metaphor 0 oaks of righteousness, the planting of Yahweh This means Yahweh has caused the people to be strong and sturdy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 61 3 d2mz figs-activepassive 0 that he may be glorified This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the people’s lives may glorify him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 61 4 k3bl figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking using parallelisms in each line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 61 6 zly8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Yahweh’s servant continues speaking to the people of Israel with each line a parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 61 6 r8ff figs-activepassive 0 You will be called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will call you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 61 7 x7le 0 you will have double This probably refers to a double portion of land.
ISA 61 7 wxd5 figs-123person 0 they will rejoice over their share … they will … their land … will be theirs This still refers to the people of Israel. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “you will rejoice over your share … you will … your land … will be yours” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -3450,7 +3193,6 @@ ISA 63 3 ky69 figs-metaphor 0 I have trodden grapes Here “I” refers to Yahw
ISA 63 4 ebb5 0 the day of vengeance Alternate translation: “the time of vengeance” or “the time for vengeance”
ISA 63 4 z515 0 vengeance Yahweh will punish in an appropriate way to bring about justice. His kind of vengeance differs from man’s vengeance.
ISA 63 4 p1bl figs-metonymy 0 the year for my redemption Here “year” refers to a specific time appointed by Yahweh for restoring Israel. Alternate translation: “the time for my redemption” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 63 5 jj1f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 63 5 f8a2 figs-metonymy 0 but my own arm Here “arm” represents power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 63 6 xdg5 figs-metaphor 0 made them drunk in my wrath This means Yahweh made them stunned and senseless by his full wrath and punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 63 6 v3ih figs-metaphor 0 I poured out their blood Here “blood” represents the life of Yahweh’s enemies that was gushing out so they would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3490,7 +3232,6 @@ ISA 64 1 vzg6 figs-hypo 0 Oh, if you had Isaiah introduces this desire for Yahw
ISA 64 1 ea39 figs-metaphor 0 if you had split open the heavens If Yahweh had shown himself very dramatically by tearing open the sky. The words “split open” refer to ripping a piece of cloth apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 64 1 gnw8 figs-hypo 0 mountains would have shaken The mountains would have trembled as in an earthquake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
ISA 64 2 re9g figs-simile 0 as when fire kindles the brushwood, or the fire makes water boil This possibly emphasizes how easily God’s presence would have caused the mountains and the people to tremble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
ISA 64 3 r6lb 0 General Information: The people of Israel continues speaking to Yahweh.
ISA 64 4 ien9 figs-synecdoche 0 nor eye seen Here the “eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “nor has anyone seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 64 5 w5xb 0 General Information: The people of Israel continue speaking to Yahweh.
ISA 64 5 e2mb figs-idiom 0 call to mind This is an idiom that means “remember.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -3511,78 +3252,59 @@ ISA 64 12 x5p8 figs-rquestion 0 How can you still hold back, Yahweh? How can yo
ISA 65 intro mm3j 0 # Isaiah 65 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>This chapter is Yahweh’s response to the repentance of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judgment and hope<br>This chapter records that Yahweh’s judgment on the people must come. Despite this, there is hope that in the end, Yahweh will make all things new and restore them to himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
ISA 65 1 fu52 0 I was ready Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
ISA 65 2 k5z1 figs-idiom 0 I have spread out my hands all day to a stubborn people “Spreading out my hands” here is a person’s gesture to show imploring or a strong request. Alternate translation: “I have continually begged a stubborn people to receive my help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ISA 65 3 t8a2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Israel.
ISA 65 3 y6w2 figs-explicit 0 in gardens … on brick tiles These refer to Canaanite places for worshiping idols. Their sacred altars were made of bricks, which Yahweh forbid for his altars. Yahweh’s altars were made of stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 65 4 ga3p figs-explicit 0 sit among the graves and keep watch all night This is a reference to consulting the dead, a practice that Yahweh prohibited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 65 4 u4tg figs-explicit 0 eat pork Yahweh did not allow the people of Israel to eat meat from pigs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 65 5 yf6i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to and about the people of Israel.
ISA 65 5 yf97 figs-metaphor 0 These things are smoke in my nose Yahweh compares these people who are continually annoying him to smoke that irritates a person’s breathing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 65 5 kfu5 figs-metaphor 0 a fire that burns all day long Yahweh compares the people of Israel to a slow-burning fire that sends out smoke without stopping as it irritates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 65 6 s3ji 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Israel.
ISA 65 6 e8dl 0 Look, it is written Alternate translation: “Take notice and pay attention”
ISA 65 6 ju68 figs-idiom 0 into their laps This means God will punish them to the fullest extent. This expression compares Yahweh punishing the people to dumping on their legs as they are sitting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 65 8 u28s figs-metaphor 0 As when juice is found in a cluster of grapes Yahweh compares the people of Israel to a cluster of grapes that still has some good juice in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 65 8 p137 figs-activepassive 0 when juice is found in a cluster This can be stated in an active way. Alternate translation: “when you find juice in a cluster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 65 8 y5df figs-litotes 0 I will not ruin them all This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “I will spare some of them who are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 65 9 v8br 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 65 9 vkn1 0 my mountains This refers to the highest locations of Jerusalem and all of Judea.
ISA 65 10 pzz2 translate-names 0 Sharon This was a fertile grazing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 65 10 gc1h translate-names 0 Valley of Achor This is the name of a valley that possibly ran from Jerusalem to south of Jericho. This was also a fertile grazing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ISA 65 11 mw8c 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 65 11 cm1c 0 holy mountain See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/09.md).
ISA 65 11 h947 0 who prepare a table … and fill wine glasses of mixed wine People would bring food and drink and place it in front of the idol as part of their worship.
ISA 65 11 crn4 0 mixed wine wine mixed with spices
ISA 65 11 u2ws 0 Fortune … Destiny These are names of false gods. They are also called “Gad” and “Meni.”
ISA 65 12 cb1l 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols.
ISA 65 12 kk9r figs-synecdoche 0 appoint you for the sword “The sword” represents various weapons of war that Yahweh will use to punish those who do not respond to Yahweh’s call. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 65 12 ah6h figs-parallelism 0 when I called, you did not answer; when I spoke, you did not listen Both clauses mean the same and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 65 13 eb2d 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols.
ISA 65 13 hu21 figs-parallelism 0 Look, my servants “Take notice and pay attention” Yahweh repeats this for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 65 14 l9nc figs-parallelism 0 but you will cry because of the pain of the heart, and will wail because of the crushing of the spirit These clauses mean the same and the repetition is for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 65 14 l647 figs-metaphor 0 crushing of the spirit This expression compares the feeling of terrible disappointment and sorrow to something becoming deformed due to high pressure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 65 15 mbr1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to those in Israel who worship idols.
ISA 65 16 x8rm figs-activepassive 0 will be blessed by me, the God of truth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I, the God who always speaks the truth, will bless him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 65 16 b3zy figs-activepassive 0 the former troubles will be forgotten … will be hidden These clauses can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will forget the former troubles, for these troubles will be out of my memory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 65 16 xcx8 figs-idiom 0 they will be hidden from my eyes “hidden from my eyes” represents the attention and memory of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will not even think about them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ISA 65 17 ru1m 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 65 17 au5p 0 For see Alternate translation: “Notice! Pay attention!”
ISA 65 17 dn4a figs-merism 0 new heavens and a new earth Both are extremes that also represent everything between. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ISA 65 17 v792 figs-parallelism 0 the former things will not be remembered or be brought to mind Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not even think about what happened in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 65 18 cdz7 figs-you 0 But you will be glad Here “you” refers to all of God’s servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ISA 65 19 wla8 figs-activepassive 0 weeping and cries of distress will no longer be heard in her You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will hear weeping and cries of distress any longer in her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 65 20 n372 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people.
ISA 65 20 ars5 translate-numbers 0 one hundred years “100 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ISA 65 20 qsz1 figs-activepassive 0 will be considered a young person This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will consider him a young person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 65 20 fte4 figs-activepassive 0 will be considered cursed This can be stated this in active form. Alternate translation: “people will consider this person as cursed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 65 22 x44j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people.
ISA 65 22 t1rr 0 for as the days of trees will be the days of my people Alternate translation: “for my people will live as long as trees live”
ISA 65 23 ea83 figs-activepassive 0 they are the children of those blessed by Yahweh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they are the children of those whom Yahweh blessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 65 24 y69k 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about his faithful people.
ISA 65 25 pu4h 0 holy mountain See how you translated this in [Isaiah 11:9](../11/09.md).
ISA 66 intro d1a4 0 # Isaiah 66 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 66:1-17, 21-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### In the end<br>In the end, Yahweh will enact his perfect justice. This is the true hope of this world. The new heaven and the new earth are an important part of this. In the end, this will be the perfect creation of Yahweh and will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
ISA 66 1 ym2c figs-metaphor 0 Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool Yahweh compares heaven to a throne and the earth to a footstool to emphasize how great he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 66 1 fgf8 figs-rquestion 0 Where then is the house you will build for me? Where is the place where I may rest? Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that humans cannot build a place for him to dwell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 66 2 h4r7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 66 2 z6n3 figs-synecdoche 0 My hand has made all these things Yahweh is represented by his hand which emphasizes his power and authority. Alternate translation: “I have made all these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 66 2 js74 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ISA 66 2 d8bv 0 the broken and contrite in spirit Here “broken” and “contrite” refers to a person who is truly humble and who suffers for his faith.
ISA 66 3 us65 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 66 3 r9v8 figs-parallelism 0 He who slaughters … also blesses wickedness These four clauses all describe different ways evil people act and come to the same meaning for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ISA 66 3 k536 0 They have chosen their own ways Alternate translation: “They have chosen to do evil things that violate the ways of Yahweh”
ISA 66 4 m1x2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the wicked people.
ISA 66 4 l9qg figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in my sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what I consider to be evil” or “what is evil in my judgement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 66 5 ssi3 figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh be glorified This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Glorify Yahweh” or “May Yahweh glorify himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 66 5 x6r8 figs-activepassive 0 but they will be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but I will put them to shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 66 6 ksm5 0 General Information: Yahweh describes the punishment for the hypocrisy of the worshipers.
ISA 66 6 ym61 figs-metonymy 0 A sound of battle tumult The sound represents the real fighting that is going on in the temple as Yahweh is carrying out the punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 66 7 a59i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
ISA 66 7 iy8c figs-metaphor 0 Before she goes into labor, she gives birth; before pain is upon her, she gave birth to a son Yahweh speaks about Zion as if it were a woman who is about to give birth. Although Zion was destroyed and the people no longer lived there, Yahweh promises that without delay and with little effort an entire nation will come from her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 66 8 mnx2 figs-rquestion 0 Who has heard of such a thing? Who has seen such things? Will a land be born in one day? Can a nation be established in one moment? Yahweh uses questions to emphasize how unique this event will be. The series of questions builds tension until Zion is finally mentioned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ISA 66 9 prd7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about Jerusalem as if it were a mother ([Isaiah 66:7-8](./07.md)).
ISA 66 9 ykq2 figs-rquestion 0 Do I bring a baby to the birth opening … born? Yahweh uses questions to emphasize that he will not fail to fulfill his promises to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 66 10 jpw5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about Jerusalem as if it were a mother and the inhabitants of Jerusalem as if they were newly born children ([Isaiah 66:7-8](./07.md)).
ISA 66 11 m27u figs-metaphor 0 For you will nurse and be satisfied; with her breasts you will be comforted This means Jerusalem will be a place of safety and comfort for God’s people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For she will satisfy you with her milk; she will comfort you with her breasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 66 12 di1p 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about Jerusalem as if it were a mother ([Isaiah 66:7-8](./07.md)).
ISA 66 12 j2n7 figs-simile 0 like a river … like an overflowing stream This means God will cause the people of the nations to bring a very large amount of riches, which will be permanent like a river and abundant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 66 12 l5d2 figs-metaphor 0 You will nurse at her side, be carried in her arms, and be dandled on her knees This means Jerusalem will be a place of safety and comfort for God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 66 12 u5js figs-activepassive 0 be carried in her arms, and be dandled on her knees This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she will carry you in her arms and bounce you on her knees with delight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3591,12 +3313,10 @@ ISA 66 14 rk3u 0 General Information: Isaiah is speaking to God’s faithful p
ISA 66 14 fy26 figs-synecdoche 0 your bones will sprout “Bones” refers to the whole body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 66 14 pe4z figs-simile 0 will sprout like the tender grass “Tender grass” grows fast and strong and compares to the health and vigor of God’s faithful people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 66 14 gt3n figs-activepassive 0 The hand of Yahweh will be made known to his servants Here “hand” refers to his power. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will reveal his power to his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ISA 66 15 akv1 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking to God’s faithful people.
ISA 66 15 cfq3 figs-metaphor 0 coming with fire Yahweh’s appearances in the Old Testament are often accompanied by fire that represents Yahweh’s anger and judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ISA 66 15 b53l figs-simile 0 like the windstorm Storms represent Yahweh’s powerful actions to make his judgment effective. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ISA 66 16 dhc5 figs-synecdoche 0 with his sword “Sword” is one weapon that represents all of warfare and killing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ISA 66 16 bx7h figs-activepassive 0 Those killed by Yahweh will be many This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will kill many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ISA 66 17 b5sf 0 General Information: Isaiah continues speaking.
ISA 66 17 rj5b 0 They consecrate themselves “They” are those who worship Yahweh but go against his laws.
ISA 66 17 nv79 figs-explicit 0 enter the gardens This is a place where people would go to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ISA 66 17 jx7b 0 the one in the middle This describes the leader of those of go to worship idols.

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@ -173,7 +173,6 @@ JER 2 37 e943 0 You will also go out from there Alternate translation: “You
JER 2 37 tk5j translate-symaction 0 with your hands on your head This is a symbol of shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 2 37 dzs3 figs-activepassive 0 so you will not be helped by them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so they will not help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 3 intro v6u2 0 # Jeremiah 3 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-5, 12-17, 19-25.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. The same is true for 3:19-4:3. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judah told to repent<br><br>If Judah repents, God will bring the people back from the captivity into which he is going to send them. In this book, “Israel” serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Adultery<br>Judah’s faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. This is a common image in Scripture. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
JER 3 1 hll9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. This is part of the prophecy that he starts revealing to Jeremiah in [Jeremiah 2:1](../02/01.md).
JER 3 1 b8c6 figs-rquestion 0 will he return to her again? God uses this question to remind the people that a man would never return to his wife if another man marries her. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “he would not return to her again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 3 1 wfd2 figs-rquestion 0 Would that land not be greatly polluted? God uses this question to remind the people that a married man would not return to his wife if she married another man, because he knows that the land would become ceremonially unclean. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He knows that if he did, the land would be greatly polluted.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 3 1 f5ac figs-metaphor 0 greatly polluted This is a metaphor for being terribly unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “completely unacceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -195,7 +194,6 @@ JER 3 6 pea6 figs-metaphor 0 She has gone up The people of Israel are spoken of
JER 3 6 q6pr figs-hyperbole 0 every high hill and under every leafy tree The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for people to worship idols. The word “every” is used as a generalization to show that the people were worshiping idols in many different places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER 3 6 r3ip figs-simile 0 she has acted like a prostitute God speaks as of Israel worshiping idols as if she were a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 3 7 wy1h figs-metaphor 0 her faithless sister Judah saw God speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were sisters. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 3 8 nm9n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak of Israel and Judah being unfaithful to him as if they were two sisters who were unfaithful wives.
JER 3 8 k4ts 0 bill of divorce Something that a man writes to certify that he has divorced his wife.
JER 3 9 l7vx 0 Her prostitution was nothing to her Here prostitution being “nothing” represents Judah not caring about it. Alternate translation: “She did not care about her prostitution” or “She was not ashamed of her prostitution”
JER 3 9 t26n figs-metaphor 0 she defiled the land Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “she made my land no good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -419,7 +417,6 @@ JER 5 22 l6nf 0 I have placed a border of sand against the sea Alternate trans
JER 5 22 l23z figs-metaphor 0 an ongoing decree that it does not violate God speaks of the ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “an everlasting limit that it cannot cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 22 ayh2 0 rises and falls Alternate translation: “moves back and forth”
JER 5 22 kd3c figs-metaphor 0 it does not violate it “the ocean does not violate my decree.” God speaks of ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “it does not succeed in going past the border” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 23 ic83 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
JER 5 23 l32t figs-metaphor 0 this people has a stubborn heart. It turns The people’s heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn” or “but you people are stubborn. You turn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 5 23 cf4m figs-metaphor 0 It turns away in rebellion and goes away The word “it” refers to the people. Here “goes away” represents disobeying God. Alternate translation: “They rebel and disobey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 24 s5r8 figs-metaphor 0 they do not say in their hearts Here “their hearts” represent their thoughts, and “say” represents thinking. Alternate translation: “they do not think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -427,7 +424,6 @@ JER 5 24 k3at figs-explicit 0 keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us Her
JER 5 25 g8i4 0 Your iniquities The word “Your” refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah.
JER 5 25 kl5g 0 these things This refers to the rains and the harvests.
JER 5 25 th39 figs-metaphor 0 Your sins have stopped good from coming to you Good things “coming” represents good things happening. “Because of your sins, good things have stopped happening to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 5 26 k1ep 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak.
JER 5 26 x9gl figs-activepassive 0 For wicked men are found with my people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For I have found wicked men among my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 5 26 zk7i figs-simile 0 They watch as someone crouches to capture birds God speaks of wicked people wanting to harm someone as if they were waiting to capture birds. Alternate translation: “Like someone hiding and waiting to capture birds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 5 26 rv4u figs-metaphor 0 they set a trap and catch people God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. Alternate translation: “They set things up so that they can take advantage of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -439,7 +435,6 @@ JER 5 28 mc4l 0 They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the
JER 5 28 fdb8 0 they have not given justice to the needy Alternate translation: “they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them”
JER 5 29 pah8 figs-rquestion 0 Should I not punish … a nation like this? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “So I will punish them, this is Yahweh’s declaration. I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 5 29 s1ep figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 5 30 y4qb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak.
JER 5 30 jnz7 figs-explicit 0 Atrocities and horrors have occurred This can be stated more actively. Alternate translation: “People do terrible and horrible things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 30 a5il figs-explicit 0 in the land Here “the land” refers to the land of Israel.’ Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 5 31 m6tl 0 The prophets prophesy with deceit, and the priests rule with their own power These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30.
@ -784,7 +779,6 @@ JER 9 3 m7dg 0 Yahweh declares See how you translated “this is Yahweh’s de
JER 9 3 dkt1 figs-metaphor 0 They tread on their bows of lies with their tongues Telling lies is spoken of as being done by the tongues of the wicked. Also, since a spoken lie cannot be taken back, telling lies is spoken of as if it were shooting arrows. Men who use bows must step on their bows in order to fasten the bowstrings, so liars are referred to here as if they were stringing their bows using their tongues. Alternate translation: “Their lies are like arrows that they shoot with the tongues” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 3 q5qh figs-irony 0 but it is not because of any faithfulness of theirs that they grow strong on the earth “They do not grow strong on the earth because they are faithful to Yahweh, as they are wicked” and “This means that the people are not faithful to Yahweh, but rather are wicked and have gained their power through wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 9 3 vc82 figs-metaphor 0 They go from one wicked act to another Committing one evil action after another is spoken of as if the evildoers were going from one action to another. Alternate translation: “They keep doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 4 m87i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking with Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
JER 9 4 i6ut 0 Each of you The word “you” refers to the people of Judah.
JER 9 4 zbn4 0 be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother Alternate translation: “be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother”
JER 9 4 n2fi figs-idiom 0 every neighbor walks in slander Here “walking” is an idiom for living. Alternate translation: “every neighbor slanders one another” or “every neighbor is a slanderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -794,7 +788,6 @@ JER 9 5 k167 0 They are exhausted from committing iniquity Alternate translati
JER 9 6 kdu3 figs-metaphor 0 Your dwelling is in the midst of deception Yahweh speaks of living among people who are liars as living in the middle of deception. Alternate translation: “Your dwelling is among the dwellings of liars” or “You dwell in the midst of liars” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 6 ijp7 0 in their deceit Alternate translation: “By telling all of these lies”
JER 9 6 ra6u figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 9 7 n1gs 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Judah.
JER 9 7 l451 figs-idiom 0 See Yahweh uses this word here to draw Jeremiah’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 7 kq5h figs-metaphor 0 to refine them Yahweh speaks of testing the people and dealing with their evil ways, as if they were metal that he were melting in a crucible to remove its impurities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 7 y5gl figs-rquestion 0 for what else can I do, because of what my people have done? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to state that this is how he needs to deal with his people because of what they have done. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “for this is how I must deal with my people because of what they have done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -803,7 +796,6 @@ JER 9 8 yi2b figs-metonymy 0 With their mouths they proclaim peace with their n
JER 9 8 f4zw figs-metaphor 0 but with their hearts they lie in wait for them Here a people’s desires are represented by their “hearts.” This speaks of them wanting to hurt their neighbors as if they were an animal crouching and waiting to attack its prey. Alternate translation: “but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 9 x1jx figs-rquestion 0 Should I not punish them because of these things … should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will not have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 9 9 fm1d figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 9 10 p4rg 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. In verse 12, Jeremiah makes a comment.
JER 9 10 zfu4 figs-parallelism 0 I will sing a song of mourning … a funeral song will be sung for the meadows Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 9 10 s5s7 figs-activepassive 0 a funeral song will be sung This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will sing a funeral song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 9 10 xf64 0 the meadows Alternate translation: “the fields of grass that the livestock eats”
@ -816,14 +808,12 @@ JER 9 12 dem8 figs-rquestion 0 To whom has the mouth of Yahweh spoken, and he w
JER 9 12 r7i9 figs-synecdoche 0 the mouth of Yahweh Here Yahweh’s speech is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 9 12 ru4f figs-rquestion 0 Why has the land perished and been destroyed … pass through? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a wise person could explain why the land has been destroyed. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only a wise person could explain why the land has perished and been destroyed … pass through.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 9 12 x8mt figs-activepassive 0 has the land perished and been destroyed This can be stated in active form. Both “perished” and “been ruined” describe the land being ruined. Alternate translation: “is the land ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 9 13 nkx8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah.
JER 9 13 v98g 0 It is because Alternate translation: “These things will happen because”
JER 9 13 dqx8 figs-metaphor 0 they have abandoned my law Yahweh speaks of the people not obeying his law as if it were something that they had walked away from. Alternate translation: “they have rejected my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 9 13 maj3 figs-metonymy 0 they do not listen to my voice Here Yahweh’s “voice” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to the things I tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 9 13 cf6h figs-idiom 0 or walk by it Here “walk” is an idiom for “live.” Alternate translation: “or live the way I tell them to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 14 d459 figs-metonymy 0 they have walked by their stubborn hearts Here the people’s “stubborn hearts” represent their stubborn desires and stubborn will. Also, here “walked” represents living. Alternate translation: “they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 14 upa5 0 have followed the Baals Alternate translation: “have worshiped the Baals”
JER 9 15 rz7x 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah.
JER 9 15 bg34 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 9 15 za9v figs-idiom 0 See Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 9 15 s4r8 0 wormwood a plant that tastes bitter
@ -993,7 +983,6 @@ JER 12 1 h7ur 0 General Information: Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
JER 12 1 v383 figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 12 2 xd5m figs-metaphor 0 You planted them and they took root. They continue to produce fruit Here Jeremiah speaks of the wicked as if they were fruit trees. Alternate translation: “They are like fruit trees that you planted, that you allow to prosper and to produce lots of fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 2 bj22 figs-metonymy 0 You are near to them in their mouths, but far away from their hearts Here “mouths” represents what a person says. And, “hearts” represents what a person thinks or feels. Also, being loyal is spoken of as if it were being near a person, and being disloyal is spoken of as if it were being far away from a person. Alternate translation: “They always say good things about you, but they do not love or respect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 3 lcj7 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh.
JER 12 3 kt44 figs-metonymy 0 my heart Here the “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and true feelings. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” or “my inner feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 12 3 p1lp figs-metaphor 0 Take them away like sheep to the slaughter Here Jeremiah asks Yahweh to prepare to punish the wicked as if they were sheep to be taken away to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “Take the wicked people away, like sheep for slaughter” or “Prepare to punish those wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 12 3 jep3 0 the day of slaughter Alternate translation: “the day they will be destroyed”
@ -1093,7 +1082,6 @@ JER 13 20 iny8 figs-rquestion 0 Where is the flock he gave to you, the flock th
JER 13 20 e5mm figs-metaphor 0 the flock This speaks of the people of Judah as a “flock” of sheep to emphasize that the leaders of Judah were supposed to care for them and look after them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 13 21 t9l3 figs-rquestion 0 What will you say when God sets over you those you had trained to be your special allies? This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the people who Judah’s leaders thought they were at peace with will conquer them. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 13 21 br9q figs-rquestion 0 Are these not the beginnings of the labor pains that will seize you just like a woman in childbirth? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to tell the people that their capture is just the beginning of the suffering they will go through. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “These things that you will suffer are like the beginning of the labor pains of a woman in childbirth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 13 22 uzi6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king’s mother.
JER 13 22 i8we figs-euphemism 0 that your skirts are raised up and you have been violated This means that the enemy soldiers will rape the Judean women. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the enemy soldiers will lift up the skirts of your women and rape them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 13 23 wyf8 figs-rquestion 0 Can the people of Cush change their skin color, or a leopard change its spots? This rhetorical question is used to state an example of something that is impossible. This question can be written as a statement. Also, the understood verb “can” maybe be supplied in the second phrase. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush cannot change their skin color and a leopard cannot change its spots.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 13 23 m8ie figs-irony 0 If so, then you yourself, although accustomed to wickedness, would be able to do good This statement is ironic because the examples about the Cushite and the leopard are impossible situations. This states that if those impossible things could happen then they could do good. Alternate translation: “Just like these things are impossible, so it is also impossible for you who always do evil to do good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@ -1155,7 +1143,6 @@ JER 14 18 uax5 0 wander move around without purpose
JER 14 18 nrq3 figs-explicit 0 they do not know It may be helpful to state what they do not know. Alternate translation: “they do not know what they are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 14 19 bxi3 figs-ellipsis 0 for a time of healing The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a time of healing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 14 20 z8n3 0 We admit, Yahweh, our offenses, the iniquity of our ancestors Alternate translation: “Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors’ iniquity”
JER 14 21 ni6n 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues his prayer to Yahweh.
JER 14 21 ur4i figs-metonymy 0 For the sake of your name Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “For the sake of your reputation” or “In order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 21 h4sh figs-metonymy 0 your glorious throne Yahweh’s “throne” is represented by Zion, that is Jerusalem. His “throne” also represents the place where he rules as king. Alternate translation: “do disgrace Zion where you glorious throne is” or “do not disgrace Zion, where you rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 14 22 my15 0 can the skies themselves send down showers Alternate translation: “Can the skies decide when they make the rain to fall?”
@ -1460,7 +1447,6 @@ JER 20 11 a96t figs-activepassive 0 They will be greatly ashamed This can be st
JER 20 11 uvt7 figs-activepassive 0 it will never be forgotten This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will never forget it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 12 m8yj figs-metonymy 0 see the mind and the heart The word “mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides, and the word “heart” is a metonym for what a person feels and desires. Alternate translation: “know every person’s thoughts and feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 20 13 g8hc figs-metonymy 0 those who are oppressed from the hand of evildoers Here the word “hand” represents power. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom evildoers oppress with their power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 14 z188 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh.
JER 20 14 rdr5 figs-activepassive 0 Let the day when I was born be cursed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Curse the day I was born” or “Let people curse the day when I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 14 n6m1 figs-activepassive 0 Do not let the day that my mother bore me be blessed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not bless the day that my mother bore me” or “Do not let people bless the day that my mother bore me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 20 15 se5g figs-activepassive 0 Let the man who informed my father be cursed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Curse the man who informed my father” or “Let people curse the man who informed my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1601,7 +1587,6 @@ JER 23 intro u767 0 # Jeremiah 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formattin
JER 23 1 q9nk figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In verses 1-4, Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep, and the leaders of Israel as the shepherds. Shepherds have a duty to protect the sheep, but the leaders were not doing that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 1 z9sb figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 23 2 hus7 figs-doublet 0 You have scattered my flock and have driven them away These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 23 3 rk1f figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Israel as if they were his sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were his shepherds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 23 3 n6wn figs-metaphor 0 to a grazing place Yahweh refers to the land of Israel as if it were good pasture for his people. This good pasture is a metonym for provision for their needs. Alternate translation: “to good pasture” or “to where all their needs will be supplied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 23 3 k44c figs-doublet 0 they will be fruitful and increase The word “increase” explains how they will be “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “they will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 23 4 ybw9 0 I will raise up Alternate translation: “I will appoint”
@ -1877,32 +1862,26 @@ JER 27 7 j598 figs-explicit 0 the time for his land comes You may need to make
JER 27 7 q3bv figs-metonymy 0 subdue him Here “him” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents the kingdom of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will defeat Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 27 8 p98j figs-metaphor 0 that does not put its neck under the yoke of the king Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal on to the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. Alternate translation: “and whose people do not willingly become slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 27 8 e21c figs-metonymy 0 I have destroyed it by his hand The hand here could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s power, or it could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s armies. Alternate translation: “I have used Nebuchadnezzar’s power to destroy it” or “I have enabled Nebuchadnezzar’s armies to destroy i” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 27 9 yx3t 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the people of Judah
JER 27 9 vwe7 0 soothsayers people who say what will happen in the future
JER 27 11 l1up figs-metaphor 0 the nation that places its neck under the yoke of the king Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md). Alternate translation: “the nation whose people willingly becomes slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 27 11 hi97 0 the nation that places The nation here is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the nation of people who place”
JER 27 11 w1tr 0 cultivate This means to prepare and use land to grow food crops
JER 27 11 eq6b 0 make their homes in it Alternate translation: “make their homes in their own land”
JER 27 12 d48x 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king of Judah.
JER 27 12 s392 0 Place your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words were translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md).
JER 27 12 gls2 figs-you 0 Place your necks The word “your” refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 27 13 dl31 figs-rquestion 0 Why will you die … king of Babylon? Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. Alternate translation: “For if you do not do this, you will surely die … king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 27 14 sgg7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king and people of Judah.
JER 27 14 dre5 0 Do not listen to the words Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them.
JER 27 15 xb8h figs-metonymy 0 they are prophesying deceit in my name The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. The abstract noun “deceit” can be translated as the verb “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 27 15 qnt1 0 I will drive you out Alternate translation: “I will force you to leave your home country”
JER 27 16 uap6 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh.
JER 27 16 cbz7 figs-activepassive 0 The objects belonging to Yahweh’s house are being returned from Babylon now! This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh’s temple!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 27 17 sk8y figs-rquestion 0 Why should this city become a ruin? Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. Alternate translation: “You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 27 18 a925 figs-hypo 0 If they are prophets, and if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them, let them beg This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh knows is not true. Alternate translation: “If they were prophets, and if the word of Yahweh had truly come to them, they would beg” or “Because they are not prophets and the word of Yahweh has not truly come to them, they will not beg” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER 27 18 p374 0 if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them The phrase “word of Yahweh” refers to messages from God. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh has truly given them messages” or “if Yahweh truly spoke messages to them”
JER 27 18 tay8 figs-123person 0 the word of Yahweh … beg Yahweh of hosts not Yahweh is speaking of himself in third person. Alternate translation: “my word … be me, Yahweh of hosts, not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 27 18 ej1m 0 the house of the king of Judah The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
JER 27 19 h1ve 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues to bring the message of Yahweh.
JER 27 19 sly4 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 27 19 mv9m 0 the pillars, the large basin known as “The Sea” and its base These were objects that were in the temple. “The Sea” was a large bronze bowl.
JER 27 20 x7ff 0 Jehoiachin The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER 27 21 r3av 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh.
JER 27 21 x7vp 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 27 21 trv4 0 the house of the king of Judah The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace there the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
JER 27 22 s56l figs-activepassive 0 They will be brought to Babylon This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will bring them to Babylon” or “I will bring them to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1914,7 +1893,6 @@ JER 28 1 uk8e translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the fourth year and the fifth month T
JER 28 1 i5s1 translate-names 0 Azzur This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 28 2 nwh3 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 28 2 aar4 figs-metaphor 0 I have broken the yoke imposed by the king of Babylon Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made it so you are no longer slaves of the king of Babylon” or “I have set you free from slavery to the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 28 3 ccb6 0 General Information: Hananiah continues to speak.
JER 28 4 p8wn 0 Jehoiachin The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER 28 4 g5wx figs-activepassive 0 who were sent This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 28 6 jm3q 0 May Yahweh confirm the words that you prophesied Alternate translation: “May Yahweh prove you have prophesied truly”
@ -1945,15 +1923,12 @@ JER 29 5 b9h6 figs-explicit 0 Build houses and live in them. Plant gardens and
JER 29 6 x2ss 0 take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands Parents commonly arranged their children’s marriages.
JER 29 7 e28z figs-metonymy 0 Seek the peace of the city The peace of the city is a metonym for the people living in peace. Alternate translation: “Do everything you can so the people of the city live in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 7 y2ms 0 the city … its behalf … it is at peace These words refer to the city of Babylon.
JER 29 8 n627 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the captive Israelites.
JER 29 8 ty27 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 29 8 uw13 0 you yourselves are having Another possible meaning is “you are encouraging the prophets to have for you.”
JER 29 9 k591 0 they are prophesying deceitfully … I did not send them This could mean: (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners.
JER 29 9 dl19 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 29 10 u5xk 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel.
JER 29 10 j5jj 0 you the captive Israelites
JER 29 10 f7ht translate-numbers 0 seventy years “70 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER 29 12 y9js 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel.
JER 29 12 t5ie figs-metonymy 0 you will call to me Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 29 12 chj7 figs-explicit 0 I will listen to you This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 29 13 t4q8 figs-metonymy 0 you will seek me Wanting to know what Yahweh requires is spoken of as trying to find where Yahweh is. Alternate translation: “you will want to do what I require you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2008,11 +1983,9 @@ JER 30 5 mej1 0 a trembling voice of dread and not of peace This could mean: (
JER 30 6 br85 0 Ask and see if a man bears a child Alternate translation: “You know that no man has ever given birth to a child”
JER 30 6 t7ik figs-simile 0 Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale? A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 30 7 uva8 figs-metonymy 0 for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 8 es78 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the Israelites.
JER 30 8 h8gt figs-metaphor 0 I will break the yoke off your neck, and I will shatter your chains Being a slave is spoken of as wearing a yoke like an animal and wearing chains like a prisoner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 9 zlx4 figs-123person 0 they will worship Yahweh their God … their king … over them Yahweh continues speaking about the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “you will worship Yahweh your God … your king … over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 9 qp76 figs-metonymy 0 David their king This is a metonym for one of David’s descendants. Alternate translation: “a man descended from their King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 30 10 j2kb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JER 30 10 ff1b figs-metonymy 0 my servant Jacob … Israel “Jacob” and “Israel” are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob … you Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 30 10 ldb9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 10 gri4 0 do not be dismayed Alternate translation: “do not be discouraged”
@ -2023,11 +1996,9 @@ JER 30 10 f2gl 0 secure Alternate translation: “safe”
JER 30 11 e618 0 where I have scattered you Alternate translation: “where I have sent you”
JER 30 11 zng1 figs-euphemism 0 But I will certainly not put an end to you “But I will not completely destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER 30 11 r6x7 figs-doublenegatives 0 will certainly not leave you unpunished This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JER 30 12 mt3r 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JER 30 12 fs7f figs-metaphor 0 Your injury is incurable; your wound is infected This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 13 k22x 0 There is no one to plead your case Alternate translation: “There is no one who asks me to show you mercy”
JER 30 13 bxy1 figs-metaphor 0 no one to plead your case … no remedy for your wound Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 14 xev8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JER 30 14 v4ha figs-metaphor 0 All of your lovers Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here “lovers” refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 30 14 a26m 0 They will not look for you Alternate translation: “They no longer want to be your friends”
JER 30 14 rir2 figs-metaphor 0 I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy Yahweh has treated his people like he would treat his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2041,7 +2012,6 @@ JER 30 17 xdt5 0 healing … wounds See how you translated these words in [Jer
JER 30 17 wi66 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 17 bdr3 0 they called you: Outcast An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. Alternate translation: “they called you: Rejected” or “they said, ‘Nobody wants you’”
JER 30 17 sg4l figs-metonymy 0 No one cares for this Zion The place name “Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “No one cares about the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 30 18 n9h7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JER 30 18 bcm3 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 30 18 q3jx figs-metonymy 0 I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents and have compassion on his homes The places where people live are metonyms for the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “I am about bring back the fortunes of the descendants of Jacob, and I will have compassion on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 30 18 c7w1 0 I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents “I will cause things to go well for the people in Jacob’s tents again” or “I will cause the people in Jacob’s tents to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
@ -2049,7 +2019,6 @@ JER 30 18 di2a figs-activepassive 0 Then a city will be built on the heap of ru
JER 30 19 rrl4 0 Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them Alternate translation: “Then they will sing songs of praise and joy”
JER 30 19 hbg1 0 for I will increase them and not diminish them Alternate translation: “I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer”
JER 30 19 z7qu figs-activepassive 0 so they will not be humbled This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one will humble them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 20 u5tb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JER 30 20 tnn9 figs-activepassive 0 their assembly will be established before me This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 30 21 nyu6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 30 23 u8p2 figs-metaphor 0 See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury, has gone out This speaks of God’s anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2061,20 +2030,17 @@ JER 31 2 ml2j figs-metonymy 0 who have survived the sword The word “sword”
JER 31 2 kc9p 0 wilderness; I will go out to give rest to Israel Another possible meaning is “wilderness, where Israel went out to find rest.”
JER 31 3 egs4 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh appeared to me Jeremiah speaks of himself as if he were the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 3 rmr8 figs-abstractnouns 0 I have drawn you toward myself with covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I have been faithful to my covenant and brought you near to me” or “I have faithfully loved you and brought you near to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 31 4 ab77 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JER 31 4 bv1q figs-activepassive 0 I will build you up again so you will be built Yahweh purposefully repeats the idea that he will build Israel to emphasize it. If your language can only use active verbs and has some other way to emphasize the idea, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I will build you up again. Remember this: I will build you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 31 4 bt11 figs-personification 0 virgin Israel It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. However, “virgin” makes a person think about a young woman who has never married and so has never had the opportunity to be faithless to her husband. Therefore, calling Israel a virgin is an ironic use of language. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:13](../18/13.md). Alternate translation: “Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to me” or “my faithless people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER 31 4 v1aw translate-unknown 0 tambourines musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER 31 7 n6rl figs-apostrophe 0 Shout … Shout … Let praise be heard … Say Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 31 7 g2zs 0 the chief people of the nations Alternate translation: “the most important people group of all the nations” or “the people group that is more important than any other”
JER 31 7 hu9h figs-activepassive 0 Let praise be heard This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Cause everyone to hear your praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 31 8 tg8t 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about how he will bring the Israelite people back from being captives in Babylon.
JER 31 8 y2x1 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 31 8 jg4x 0 to bring them Alternate translation: “to bring the Israelite people”
JER 31 9 ai7p 0 I will lead them as they make their pleas Yahweh will lead them and they will be praying to Yahweh. Some ancient versions read, “Yahweh will lead them and will comfort them.”
JER 31 9 v75t figs-metaphor 0 I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn Here “Ephraim” is another name for “Israel.” Alternate translation: “I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 31 9 gg9d 0 my firstborn The firstborn had special honor and responsibility.
JER 31 10 z57h 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about how he will bring the Israelite people back from being captives in Babylon.
JER 31 10 n8v4 figs-pronouns 0 Hear … Report Yahweh is speaking to the nations, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 31 10 dc3t figs-pronouns 0 The one who scattered Israel is gathering her up and keeping her Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else, and he speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a helpless woman. Alternate translation: “I caused my people Israel to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home and keeping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 10 pyt3 figs-simile 0 as a shepherd keeps his sheep A shepherd cares for and protects his sheep, and Yahweh is promising to care for and protect the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -2101,7 +2067,6 @@ JER 31 19 ip4s figs-idiom 0 I slapped my thigh in grief. If people use a differ
JER 31 19 p5xj figs-doublet 0 I was ashamed and humiliated The words “ashamed” and “humiliated” mean basically the same thing and intensify the idea of shame. Alternate translation: “I was completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 31 20 lm82 figs-rquestion 0 Is not Ephraim my precious child? Is he not my dear, delightful son? Yahweh is speaking tenderly, trying to comfort the people. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Ephraim is my precious child. He is my dear, delightful son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 31 20 y1a8 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 31 21 tws6 0 General Information: God continues to speak from verse 7.
JER 31 21 t8m8 figs-pronouns 0 Place road signs for yourself … Set up guideposts for yourself … Set your mind … you should take … Come back These commands and instances of “yourself” and “your” and “you” are addressed to “virgin Israel” and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER 31 21 kbs3 figs-metaphor 0 Come back, virgin Israel! God is referring to a changed Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 31 22 w4vz figs-rquestion 0 How long will you waver, faithless daughter? Yahweh is telling his people that he is becoming impatient with them because they are not obeying him. Alternate translation: “Do not hesitate to start obeying me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -2174,27 +2139,22 @@ JER 32 6 js77 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, This idiom is
JER 32 7 d1sv figs-quotations 0 ‘Look, Hanamel son of Shallum your uncle is coming to you and will say, “Buy my field that is in Anathoth for yourself, for the right to buy it belongs to you.”’” The long quotation that begins with the words “The word of Yahweh” in verse 6 ends here. You may translate this as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah said that the word of Yahweh had come to him and told him that Hanamel son of Shallum his uncle was coming to him and would tell him to buy his uncle’s field that was in Anathoth for himself, for the right to buy it belonged to Jeremiah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JER 32 7 z5u4 translate-names 0 Hanamel … Shallum These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 32 7 ane1 translate-names 0 Anathoth This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 32 8 j42b figs-123person 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues speaking, but he begins to speak of himself in first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 32 8 t71a 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 32 9 f1zz translate-bmoney 0 seventeen shekels A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “17 shekels” or “187 grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER 32 10 i97w 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues speaking.
JER 32 10 yj4l 0 in a scroll and sealed it, and had witnesses witness it This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm that Jeremiah had purchased this land.
JER 32 10 mbq3 0 had witnesses witness it Alternate translation: “had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land”
JER 32 11 npr2 figs-activepassive 0 that was sealed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I sealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 11 sh86 0 unsealed deed Alternate translation: “opened copy” or “the deed that did not have a seal on it”
JER 32 12 ta8p translate-names 0 Baruch … Neriah … Mahseiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 32 12 f3bq 0 the courtyard of the guard The open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER 32 13 fq7l 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues speaking.
JER 32 13 i63i 0 before them Here “them” refers to Hanamel, the witnesses, and the Judeans.
JER 32 14 la2y 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 32 15 g6gc figs-activepassive 0 Houses, fields, and vineyards will again be bought in this land This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 32 16 m2ju 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues speaking. He begins a long prayer, a lament with a long introduction of praise.
JER 32 16 puz1 0 the receipt of purchase This means the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll.
JER 32 17 xs6m writing-background 0 Woe, Lord Yahweh! Look! The word “woe” here indicates that in this prayer Jeremiah is sad, complaining or lamenting. The word “look” here indicates that the next words are an introduction or background for the most important part of the prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER 32 17 r8xl figs-metonymy 0 by your great strength and with your raised arm The phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the words “your great strength” and “your raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 18 zsm3 figs-abstractnouns 0 You show covenant faithfulness to thousands The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “You are faithful to your covenant towards thousands” or “You keep your promise and faithfully love thousands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 32 18 cd54 figs-metonymy 0 pour the guilt of men into the laps of their children after them The word “guilt” is a metonym for Yahweh punishing people because they are guilty of doing evil things. Yahweh punishing people is spoken of as if he were pouring a large container full of liquid or small objects into people’s laps as they sit. Alternate translation: “you punish children for the sins of their parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 19 z67p 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues praying the introduction to his lament to Yahweh.
JER 32 19 zh7i figs-metonymy 0 for your eyes are open to all the ways of people Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. How a person lives is spoken of as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You see everything that people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 19 jhc8 figs-abstractnouns 0 to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve The abstract nouns “conduct” and “deeds,” which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 20 ff83 0 You did signs and wonders in the land of Egypt This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt.
@ -2202,11 +2162,9 @@ JER 32 20 txa5 0 To this present day Alternate translation: “To this day”
JER 32 20 v54d 0 among all mankind Alternate translation: “among all people”
JER 32 20 nuz1 figs-metonymy 0 you have made your name famous Here “name” refers to God’s reputation. Alternate translation: “you have made yourself famous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 21 yz8j figs-metonymy 0 with a strong hand, with a raised arm The phrase “strong hand” is a metonym for strength, and the phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the phrases “strong hand” and “raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 22 gd9s 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. He ends the introduction to his lament (“Woe,” [Jeremiah 32:17](../32/17.md)) with the words “took possession of it” and begins the lament with “but they did not obey.”
JER 32 22 zm76 0 gave them Alternate translation: “gave the people of Israel”
JER 32 22 m6c3 figs-metaphor 0 land flowing with milk and honey “land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 23 j41s figs-metonymy 0 But they did not obey your voice The voice is a metonym for the message the speaker gives. Alternate translation: “But they did not obey what you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 24 h8z8 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh.
JER 32 24 r8nr figs-metaphor 0 The siege mounds have reached up to the city to capture it The large piles of dirt and rocks that the enemy built around the city so they could stand on them and attack it are spoken of as if they were the attackers themselves reaching out to capture the city. Alternate translation: “The enemy’s seige mounds are so close to the city that the enemy will be able to capture the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 24 y1cb figs-metonymy 0 because of sword The word “sword” is a metonym for war, where soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “because soldiers will attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 24 b3n7 figs-abstractnouns 0 famine, and plague These abstract nouns can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people have no food to eat, and everyone is weak from being ill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -2219,7 +2177,6 @@ JER 32 26 m9gx figs-123person 0 came to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah i
JER 32 27 v6cp figs-rquestion 0 Is anything too difficult for me to do? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nothing is too difficult for me to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 32 28 dcf6 0 See, I am about to give Alternate translation: “Listen carefully! I am the one who will give”
JER 32 28 fb9t figs-metonymy 0 give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. Alternate translation: “put this city under the power of the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 29 w46s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
JER 32 29 s7dq 0 in order to provoke me Alternate translation: “so that I would become very angry”
JER 32 30 r5j3 figs-metonymy 0 doing evil before my eyes Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. This could mean: (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 30 e1kb figs-metaphor 0 since their youth A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from the time they were young” or “from the time that they became a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2229,7 +2186,6 @@ JER 32 31 u2mt figs-metonymy 0 this city has been a provocation of my wrath and
JER 32 31 bcj1 figs-abstractnouns 0 has been a provocation of The abstract noun “provocation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 32 31 v1l3 0 It has been that right up to this present day Alternate translation: “They continue to make me angry even now”
JER 32 31 hn3i figs-personification 0 from before my face The face is a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 33 l9le 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about what the people of Israel had done.
JER 32 33 tx7l translate-symaction 0 They turned their backs to me instead of their faces One turns one’s face to someone to show that one is listening, and one’s back to show that one refuses to listen. Alternate translation: “Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all” or “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 32 33 lg6f 0 to receive correction Alternate translation: “to learn how to act correctly”
JER 32 34 k9ry 0 their abominable idols Alternate translation: “their idols which I hate”
@ -2241,13 +2197,11 @@ JER 32 36 ag2w figs-metonymy 0 It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon
JER 32 37 j7yh 0 to gather them Alternate translation: “to gather my people”
JER 32 37 d9i7 figs-doublet 0 wrath, fury, and great anger All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “extreme anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 32 37 h1sp 0 in security Alternate translation: “where they are safe”
JER 32 38 a4rn 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
JER 32 39 q5cb figs-metonymy 0 one heart and one way to honor me The people of Israel will want to work together to honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 32 40 f7yh 0 an everlasting covenant Alternate translation: “eternal agreement”
JER 32 40 xt5h 0 will not turn away from doing good Alternate translation: “stop doing good”
JER 32 40 w44d figs-metaphor 0 I will set honor for me in their hearts Honor is spoken of as if it were a solid object put in a container from which no one can remove it. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to always honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 40 r8jy 0 so that they will never turn away from me Alternate translation: “so that they will never stop obeying and worshiping me”
JER 32 41 f6dv 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
JER 32 41 diu3 0 doing good to them Here “them” refers to the people of Israel.
JER 32 41 rwm9 figs-metaphor 0 I will faithfully plant them in this land Yahweh speaks of having his people live in the land forever as if he were planting plants in a garden. Alternate translation: “I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 32 41 j5ie figs-doublet 0 with all my heart and all my life Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2406,7 +2360,6 @@ JER 36 6 j3tt 0 read from the scroll Alternate translation: “read out loud f
JER 36 6 e6rd 0 must read Alternate translation: “must read out loud” or “must proclaim”
JER 36 6 y6ch 0 in the hearing of the people in his house “so that the people in Yahweh’s house can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 36 6 ywi1 0 in the hearing of all of Judah who have come from their cities “so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER 36 7 z1n2 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues to give instructions to Baruch.
JER 36 7 jiw4 0 Perhaps their pleas Alternate translation: “It is possible that their pleas”
JER 36 7 a6dv 0 their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh Alternate translation: “Yahweh will hear them plead for mercy and do as they ask”
JER 36 7 xtz1 0 their pleas for mercy The word “their” refers to the people in the house of Yahweh and the people of Judah who had come to the house of Yahweh from their cities.
@ -2577,7 +2530,6 @@ JER 38 19 i4pf figs-activepassive 0 I might be given over into their hand The w
JER 38 19 r1ze 0 for them to treat me badly Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah who have deserted.
JER 38 20 x9uy figs-you 0 They will not give you over to them “The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans.” Here “you” refers to Zedekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER 38 21 b1pi 0 this is what Yahweh has shown me Here the word “this” refers to what Jeremiah will say next.
JER 38 22 a91b 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues speaking with King Zedekiah.
JER 38 22 z6cx figs-activepassive 0 All the women who are left … will be brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon The reader should understand that the officials will take these women as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring all the women who are left … out to the officials of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 22 ndr9 figs-activepassive 0 You have been deceived by your friends This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your friends have deceived you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 38 22 jgf2 figs-metaphor 0 Your feet are now sunk into the mud The king is now helpless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2622,7 +2574,6 @@ JER 39 16 g2jt 0 Ebed-Melek the Cushite See how you translated this man’s na
JER 39 16 c57h 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 39 16 tg3k 0 I am about to carry out my words against this city for disaster and not for good Alternate translation: “I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would”
JER 39 16 pb72 0 For they will all come true before you on that day Alternate translation: “For you will see it all happen on that day”
JER 39 17 w69c 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
JER 39 17 d4fl figs-metonymy 0 you will not be given into the hand of the men whom you fear Here “hand” refers to power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the men you fear will not harm you” or “I will not allow anyone to put you under the control of the people whom you fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 39 18 y55h figs-euphemism 0 You will not fall by the sword The sword is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “No one will kill you with their sword” or “You will not die in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 39 18 h19r 0 with your life Alternate translation: “alive”
@ -2776,7 +2727,6 @@ JER 43 9 sha8 0 to Pharaoh’s house Alternate translation: “to Pharaoh’s
JER 43 10 eb2l 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 43 10 uz43 figs-metonymy 0 I will place his throne over these stones that you, Jeremiah, have buried. Nebuchadnezzar will place his pavilion over them Both the king’s “throne” and “pavilion” are used to refer to his royal authority. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. He will place his throne and pavilion over these stones you have buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 43 10 k69r 0 pavilion a very large tent
JER 43 11 krw1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling his message.
JER 43 11 j4bf figs-metonymy 0 he will come Here “he” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 43 11 njk5 figs-activepassive 0 Anyone who is assigned to death will be given to death The abstract noun “death” can be stated as “die.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die whom I have decided must die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 43 11 iqj5 figs-activepassive 0 Anyone who is assigned to captivity will be taken captive This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2885,12 +2835,10 @@ JER 46 2 v9gg translate-ordinal 0 the fourth year The word “fourth” is the
JER 46 4 vhi9 0 Put the harness on the horses; mount up on the horses A “harness” is a set of straps placed on a horse so that it can pull a chariot. Here “mount up on the horses” means that the soldiers rode in the chariots that the horses were pulling.
JER 46 4 z233 0 helmets A helmet is armor which protects the head in battle.
JER 46 4 v58m 0 polish the spears This phrase means to “sharpen” the spear.
JER 46 5 h8b9 0 General Information: Jeremiah’s vision for Egypt continues.
JER 46 5 nj2q figs-rquestion 0 What am I seeing here? The word “I” here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the vision and to draw attention to what he says next. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what is happening here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 46 5 hry1 figs-abstractnouns 0 They are filled with terror The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers are terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 46 6 gr1r figs-doublet 0 the swift cannot run away, and the soldiers cannot escape These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one, not even the strongest and fastest, can escape. The nominal adjective “the swift” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “even the swiftest soldier cannot escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER 46 6 bv4q figs-parallelism 0 They stumble in the north and fall beside the Euphrates River Both statements mean the same thing. Being and dying in battle is spoken of as if the soldiers stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers suffer defeat and die in the north by the Euphrates River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 46 7 qv9y 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues quoting Yahweh’s declaration to the nation of Egypt.
JER 46 7 j7fk figs-rquestion 0 Who is this who rises like the Nile … the rivers? Yahweh uses a question to draw attention to what he is about to say concerning Egypt. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at who rises like the Nile … the rivers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 46 8 n8ng figs-simile 0 Egypt rises like the Nile The Nile river floods its banks once a year, covering the surrounding area with water. Yahweh compares the kingdom of Egypt to the Nile because the Egyptian people think they are mighty enough to destroy cities in all the lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 46 8 udt1 figs-metonymy 0 Egypt rises … Egypt says … I will Here “Egypt” represents all the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “The Egyptians rise … The Egyptians say … We will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2900,7 +2848,6 @@ JER 46 9 fz8w translate-names 0 Cush … Put These are biblical names for the c
JER 46 9 c8vs figs-ellipsis 0 Ludim, men skillful at bending their bows The ideas of soldiers and going out to battle are understood from earlier in the sentence. They can be repeated. This command can also be addressed directly to the soldiers. Alternate translation: “you soldiers from Lud, who are skillful at bending your bows, go out to battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER 46 9 mem7 translate-names 0 Ludim This is the name of the people group from the nation of Lud. Lud is the biblical name for Lydia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 46 9 awb5 figs-idiom 0 skillful at bending their bows The phrase “bend the bow” means to pull the string of the bow back with an arrow in order to shoot the arrow. Alternate translation: “skillful at shooting arrows from their bows” or “skillful with the bow and arrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 46 10 b6mc 0 General Information: Jeremiah’s quotation of Yahweh’s declaration to the nation of Egypt continues.
JER 46 10 k221 0 That day This phrase refers to the day the Egyptians lose the battle to the Babylonians.
JER 46 10 kb95 figs-123person 0 for the Lord Yahweh of hosts, and he will avenge himself on his foes Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “for me, Lord Yahweh of hosts, and I will avenge myself on my foes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 46 10 xmi3 figs-parallelism 0 The sword will devour and be satisfied. It will drink its fill of their blood This speaks of Yahweh’s sword as if it were devouring people and drinking blood. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy my enemy. It will be like my sword devours them and gets drunk on their blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -2986,7 +2933,6 @@ JER 48 2 f8nr 0 The honor of Moab is no more Alternate translation: “People
JER 48 2 hq3s translate-names 0 Heshbon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 2 dmn9 translate-names 0 Madmen will also perish “Madmen” here is a town in Moab. The name of the city has nothing to do with the English word “madmen.” Alternate translation: “Their enemies will destroy the city of Madmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 2 ie7u figs-metonymy 0 a sword will go after you Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase after you and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 48 3 bp4x 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues to tell of the destruction of Moab.
JER 48 3 f5ti translate-names 0 Horonaim This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 48 3 ue2v figs-doublet 0 ruin and great destruction These two terms mean the same thing. Together they emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 48 4 u8km figs-activepassive 0 Moab has been destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3136,13 +3082,11 @@ JER 49 7 gu21 figs-rquestion 0 Has their wisdom become corrupted? Yahweh uses t
JER 49 8 mu6m translate-names 0 Dedan The is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER 49 8 b1f3 figs-metonymy 0 I am bringing the disaster of Esau on him at the time that I punish him Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. The Edomites were descendants of Esau. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Edom to experience disaster when I punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 8 wxg4 figs-123person 0 on him … I punish him Yahweh is speaking to the people of Edom. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “on you … I punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 9 jea8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
JER 49 9 rj8q figs-rquestion 0 If grape harvesters … would they not leave a little bit behind? Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how grape harvesters leave some grapes behind. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If grape harvesters … they would certainly leave some grapes behind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 9 j7jl figs-rquestion 0 If thieves … would they not steal only as much as they wanted? Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If thieves … they would only take as much as they wanted.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 10 fyc2 figs-metaphor 0 But I have stripped Esau bare Yahweh causing an enemy army to come and take everything is spoken of as if Yahweh stripped all the clothes off of Esau. Alternate translation: “But I have sent an army to take everything away from Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 10 sn3n figs-metonymy 0 Esau … his hiding … he will not … hide himself … His children … he is gone Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom … their hiding … they will not … hide themselves … Their children … they are gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 10 i22l 0 I have revealed his hiding places Alternate translation: “I have made known to the enemy soldiers where the people of Edom hide”
JER 49 12 z547 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
JER 49 12 l9lp 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER 49 12 auj9 figs-metonymy 0 must certainly drink some of the cup … for you will certainly drink Here “the cup” is a metonym that represents the contents in the cup that the people must drink. The people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if Yahweh’s punishment were liquid in a cup and the people must drink it. Alternate translation: “must certainly experience my punishment … for you will certainly experience my punishment” or “I will certainly still punish … for I will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 12 h58s figs-rquestion 0 Do you yourself think you will go without punishment? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will certainly be punished. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -3159,17 +3103,14 @@ JER 49 14 uw6a 0 attack her The word “her” refers to Edom.
JER 49 15 pdt6 0 I have made you The word “I” refers to Yahweh. Here “you” refers to the nation of Edom.
JER 49 15 g33b figs-explicit 0 made you small Here “small” represents having the least political importance. Alternate translation: “made you least important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 49 15 wr35 figs-activepassive 0 despised by people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and people despise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 16 l2gu 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
JER 49 16 l7en figs-abstractnouns 0 As for your fearsomeness Here the abstract noun “fearsomeness” can be translated with either an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “As for how terrifying you think you are” or “Although you think you scare other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 49 16 kjt4 figs-metonymy 0 your heart’s pride has deceived you Here “heart” represents the whole person. People deceiving themselves is spoken of as if their pride deceived them. Alternate translation: “you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 16 mwf3 figs-explicit 0 so that you may make your nest high like an eagle It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. Alternate translation: “live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 49 16 v7eu 0 eagle This is a very large, powerful bird of prey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:13](../04/13.md).
JER 49 16 lr1b figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 17 xx9q 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom.
JER 49 17 hj17 figs-abstractnouns 0 Edom will become a horror to everyone passing by it The abstract noun “horror” can be stated using the verb “horrified.” Alternate translation: “The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 49 17 n5jw translate-symaction 0 tremble and hiss The word “hiss” refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. Alternate translation: “shake from fear and gasp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER 49 18 ihe5 figs-parallelism 0 no one will live there; no person will stay there Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER 49 19 et9f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
JER 49 19 f4y5 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER 49 19 r4k5 figs-simile 0 he will go up like a lion from the forests of the Jordan to the green pasturelands This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 19 k55q 0 pasturelands This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.
@ -3199,7 +3140,6 @@ JER 49 24 ik2u 0 terror seizes it The abstract noun “terror” can be stated
JER 49 24 b8u2 figs-abstractnouns 0 Distress and pain seize it, like the pain of a woman giving birth This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “distress” and “pain.” The people are compared to a woman giving birth to emphasize their pain and fear. Alternate translation: “The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 49 25 u3wm figs-rquestion 0 How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? Yahweh uses a question to express that the people should have left the city. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This famous city once caused me to rejoice, but now the people should leave it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 49 25 c4ki 0 How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy? Some Bibles translate this with the people of Damascus speaking. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus say, ‘The famous city, which once made us rejoice, is now empty.’”
JER 49 26 w6r9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Damascus.
JER 49 26 b744 0 its The word “its” refers to Damascus and its people.
JER 49 26 p99r figs-metaphor 0 its young men will fall in its plazas They young men being killed is spoken of as if they will fall. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the young men of Damascus in its plazas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 26 sd8d figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -3214,7 +3154,6 @@ JER 49 28 yq1x figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to atta
JER 49 29 mmd9 figs-activepassive 0 Their tents and their flocks will be taken, along with their tent curtains and all of their equipment This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers will take their flocks, tent curtains, and all of their equipment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 29 mdi2 figs-activepassive 0 their camels will be led away from them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your soldiers will take their camels from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 49 29 hri3 0 men will shout to them, “Terror is on every side!” This could mean: (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’”
JER 49 30 p7ww 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor.
JER 49 30 a8sg 0 Flee! Wander … Turn back! Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar.
JER 49 30 dpv9 0 inhabitants of Hazor Alternate translation: “people who live in Hazor”
JER 49 30 f53n figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -3222,7 +3161,6 @@ JER 49 30 l16w 0 devised a plan Alternate translation: “made a plan”
JER 49 31 dyc3 figs-apostrophe 0 Arise! Attack … themselves Here Yahweh is speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he was there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 49 31 qnr3 figs-metonymy 0 Attack the nation at ease, that lives in safety Here “nation” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Attack this nation, whose people feel safe and secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 31 hxk3 0 They … them The words “They” and “them” refer to the people who feel safe and secure.
JER 49 32 iq5h 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Nebuchadnezzar to attack the people of Kedar and the kingdom of Hazor.
JER 49 32 bn78 figs-apostrophe 0 For their camels will become plunder, and the abundance of their property will become war plunder Yahweh is still speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he were there listening to him. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “For your soldiers will take their camels and all of their property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER 49 32 i9ed figs-metaphor 0 Then I will scatter to every wind Here “every wind” represents the nations. Alternate translation: “Then I will send to nations in all different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 32 m49g 0 those who cut the corners of their hair This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “those who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md).
@ -3238,7 +3176,6 @@ JER 49 36 k5pp figs-idiom 0 I will bring the four winds from the four corners o
JER 49 36 p5sx figs-metaphor 0 I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens Here “winds” represents nations. And the nations are a synecdoche representing the armies from those nations. Causing armies to come from all directions is spoken of as if Yahweh will cause wind to blow from all directions Alternate translation: “I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER 49 36 hx53 figs-metaphor 0 to all of those winds Here “winds” represents “nations.” Alternate translation: “to all those nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 49 36 a1gl figs-doublenegatives 0 There is no nation to which those scattered from Elam will not go This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the people of Elam to every nation on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JER 49 37 p5tp 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Elam.
JER 49 37 pcx2 figs-metonymy 0 I will shatter Elam These words are a metonym for Yahweh causing enemies to destroy Elam. Alternate translation: “I will cause Elam’s enemies to destroy Elam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 37 z98d figs-metonymy 0 Elam the people of Elam (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 49 37 e227 figs-metaphor 0 those who seek their lives Seeking a person’s life represents wanting or desiring to kill someone. Alternate translation: “those who want to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3303,7 +3240,6 @@ JER 50 14 x188 figs-personification 0 she has sinned Jeremiah speaks of the peo
JER 50 15 smz6 figs-metonymy 0 She has surrendered … she has done Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “The people of Babylon have surrendered … they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 15 ke5w figs-personification 0 her towers … her walls Jeremiah speaks of the city of Babylon as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the towers of the city … the walls of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER 50 15 pwd7 figs-activepassive 0 her walls are torn down This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the nations have torn down her walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 50 16 xev6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell the other nations to attack Babylon.
JER 50 16 jvv6 0 the farmer who sows seed and the one who uses a sickle These people collectively represent all the farmers and harvesters of Babylon.
JER 50 16 ifx7 0 the one who uses a sickle at the time of harvest A “sickle” is a farm tool that people use to harvest grain. Together with the previous phrase, Yahweh is saying that all planting and harvesting will stop in Babylon.
JER 50 16 m3vk figs-doublet 0 Let each person turn back to his own people … let them flee to their own land These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command for foreigners to flee from Babylon back to their own countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -3318,7 +3254,6 @@ JER 50 17 uqu9 figs-metaphor 0 broke his bones The destruction of Israel by Neb
JER 50 18 g9kd 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER 50 18 v4k1 0 See, I am about to The word “See” means to pay special attention to what follows.
JER 50 18 wg6j figs-metonymy 0 his land Here “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land of Babylon. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 19 xb8l 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about Israel.
JER 50 19 wz33 0 I will restore The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER 50 19 gp73 figs-metonymy 0 Israel to his homeland … he will be satisfied This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to their homeland … they will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 50 19 tl27 figs-metaphor 0 he will graze on Carmel and Bashan Israel is spoken of as if they were sheep that eat grass. Alternate translation: “they will eat food that grows in Carmel and Bashan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -3346,7 +3281,6 @@ JER 50 26 p24s 0 granaries buildings where grain is stored
JER 50 26 kge6 figs-simile 0 pile her up like heaps of grain This could mean: (1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or (2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 50 26 k8z3 figs-idiom 0 Set her apart for destruction This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/09.md). Alternate translation: “destroy her completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER 50 26 uq7q 0 Leave no remnant of her This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “Kill every person in her”
JER 50 27 n3yb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea.
JER 50 27 wv75 figs-metaphor 0 Kill all her bulls. Send them down to the place of slaughter Here, the word **bulls** could mean: (1) soldiers or (2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER 50 27 e5p8 figs-explicit 0 Kill all her bulls Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER 50 27 k3c1 0 her bulls The word “her” refers to Babylon.
@ -3355,7 +3289,6 @@ JER 50 27 h2tx figs-doublet 0 their day has come—the time for their punishmen
JER 50 28 tx67 0 There is the sound of those fleeing Alternate translation: “Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing”
JER 50 28 i7g2 0 those … those … These The words “those” and “These” refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh’s vengeance.
JER 50 28 e143 figs-abstractnouns 0 the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple The abstract noun “vengeance” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER 50 29 a82b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea.
JER 50 29 uhm2 figs-doublet 0 the archers … those who bend their bows These phrases refer to the same people and are repeated for poetic effect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER 50 29 riq5 0 her … her … she The words “her” and “she” refer to Babylon.
JER 50 29 gm1z 0 let no one escape This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “capture or kill every person”
@ -3458,7 +3391,6 @@ JER 51 12 jt7x 0 Lift up a banner over Babylon’s walls Alternate translation
JER 51 12 udw5 0 make the watch strong Alternate translation: “make sure the guards are strong and have good weapons”
JER 51 12 usv8 0 set up watchmen Alternate translation: “make sure there are enough men watching the city”
JER 51 12 rs5j 0 prepare the ambushes This was done in order to catch anyone running from the city.
JER 51 13 n6b4 figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who cannot hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER 51 13 s2hm figs-metaphor 0 The thread of your life is now cut short The people’s lives are spoken of as if they were threads that God could cut. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your lives will be ended quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 51 14 tqq8 figs-simile 0 like a swarm of locusts The large number of enemy soldiers is spoken of as if they were a mass of locusts invading the city. Alternate translation: “with a large number of soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER 51 14 mxl6 0 battle cry This is a shout that a soldier makes in battle.

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en_tn_25-LAM.tsv
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@ -125,7 +125,6 @@ LAM 2 2 a6zu figs-idiom 0 the days of his anger Here “day” is used as an id
LAM 2 2 gz9b figs-metaphor 0 swallowed up This speaks of the Lord completely destroying the towns as if he were an animal who ate them. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 2 2 v8mh figs-metonymy 0 all the towns of Jacob Here “the towns of Jacob” refers to the towns where his descendants lived. Alternate translation: “all the towns of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 2 2 rv9k 0 the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah This could mean: (1) the fortified cities throughout Judah or (2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem.
LAM 2 3 mg13 0 General Information: The author continues the use of metaphors to express how the Lord opposed Judah.
LAM 2 3 ga1g figs-metaphor 0 he has cut off every horn of Israel This speaks of the Lord taking away Israel’s strength as if he were cutting off its horns. The word “horn” refers to an animal horn, not a musical instrument. Alternate translation: “he has taken away all of Israel’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
LAM 2 3 liy3 figs-metonymy 0 withdrawn his right hand from before the enemy Here the Lord’s protection is represented by his “right hand.” Alternate translation: “stopped protecting us from our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
LAM 2 3 cni2 0 He has burned up Jacob like a blazing fire that devours everything around it This speaks of how the Lord has destroyed Jacob as if a fire has completely burned it. Alternate translation: “He has destroyed Jacob like a blazing fire destroys everything”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
125 LAM 2 2 gz9b figs-metaphor 0 swallowed up This speaks of the Lord completely destroying the towns as if he were an animal who ate them. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126 LAM 2 2 v8mh figs-metonymy 0 all the towns of Jacob Here “the towns of Jacob” refers to the towns where his descendants lived. Alternate translation: “all the towns of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
127 LAM 2 2 rv9k 0 the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah This could mean: (1) the fortified cities throughout Judah or (2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem.
LAM 2 3 mg13 0 General Information: The author continues the use of metaphors to express how the Lord opposed Judah.
128 LAM 2 3 ga1g figs-metaphor 0 he has cut off every horn of Israel This speaks of the Lord taking away Israel’s strength as if he were cutting off its horns. The word “horn” refers to an animal horn, not a musical instrument. Alternate translation: “he has taken away all of Israel’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
129 LAM 2 3 liy3 figs-metonymy 0 withdrawn his right hand from before the enemy Here the Lord’s protection is represented by his “right hand.” Alternate translation: “stopped protecting us from our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
130 LAM 2 3 cni2 0 He has burned up Jacob like a blazing fire that devours everything around it This speaks of how the Lord has destroyed Jacob as if a fire has completely burned it. Alternate translation: “He has destroyed Jacob like a blazing fire destroys everything”

227
en_tn_26-EZK.tsv
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@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ EZK 1 22 hu3m 0 awe-inspiring crystal Alternate translation: “awe-inspiring
EZK 1 22 unz5 0 stretched out over their heads above Alternate translation: “and the expansive dome was spread out above the heads of the creatures” or “and the expansive dome took up a lot of space over the heads of the creatures”
EZK 1 23 w3ga 0 Beneath the dome Alternate translation: “under the dome”
EZK 1 23 h3u3 0 Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves; each had a pair to cover his own body Alternate translation: “Each of the living creatures also had two other wings, which they used to cover their bodies”
EZK 1 24 kdw7 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision of the living creatures.
EZK 1 24 x6cx 0 Then I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of many waters. Like the voice of the Almighty whenever they moved. Like The words **whenever they moved** could mean: (1) all the words before them in this verse, “Whenever they moved, I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Like” or (2) to the words that follow, “wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Whenever they moved, it sounded like.”
EZK 1 24 nht8 figs-simile 0 Like … waters. Like … moved. Like … rainstorm. Like … army. These sentences are not complete because Ezekiel was showing that he was excited about what he saw. They can be translated as complete sentences: “The wings sounded like … water. They sounded like … moved. They sounded like … rainstorm. They sounded like … army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 1 24 pa6v 0 many waters This simply means “a lot of water.” It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud.
@ -81,7 +80,6 @@ EZK 1 26 v6pz figs-abstractnouns 0 was the likeness of a throne Here the abstra
EZK 1 26 dds3 0 sapphire a very valuable stone that is clear blue and very shiny
EZK 1 26 fx3x figs-abstractnouns 0 on the likeness of the throne was The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “on what looked like a throne there was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 26 npv7 figs-abstractnouns 0 a likeness like the appearance of a man The abstract nouns “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with verbal phrases. If you need to tell who this is, you should probably identify him as Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md)). Alternate translation: “something that looked similar to what appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 27 l9mf 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision.
EZK 1 27 t3wg figs-abstractnouns 0 from the appearance of his hips up The person’s body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “from what appeared to be his hips up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 27 f7ri figs-abstractnouns 0 from the appearance of his hips downward the appearance of fire and brightness all around The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “all around him below what appeared to be his hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 1 28 ju5f figs-abstractnouns 0 Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day was the appearance of the bright light surrounding it The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The brightness surrounding it appeared to be like the way a rainbow appears in the clouds on a rainy day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -90,12 +88,10 @@ EZK 1 28 eww3 figs-abstractnouns 0 It was the appearance of the likeness of the
EZK 1 28 x337 figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 1 28 xf7s figs-metonymy 0 I heard a voice speaking The word “voice” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I heard someone speaking” or “Someone spoke, and I heard his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 2 intro pp1p 0 # Ezekiel 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Ezekiel’s call continues in this chapter. God appointed Ezekiel to be a prophet but warned him that the people were very rebellious and would not listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
EZK 2 1 k2gu 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw.
EZK 2 1 jk2d 0 He said to me If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.”
EZK 2 1 djp4 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 2 2 nf31 0 the Spirit Other This could mean: (1) “a spirit” or (2) “a wind.”
EZK 2 3 rd8n 0 up to this very day “even now” or “even today.” This means that the people of Israel were continuing to disobey God.
EZK 2 4 f7ws 0 General Information: God continues to speak to Ezekiel.
EZK 2 4 nn58 0 Their descendants the descendants of the past generations of Israel who had rebelled against God, referring to the people living in Israel at the time Ezekiel writes
EZK 2 4 iw3p 0 have stubborn faces Alternate translation: “have expression on their faces that show that they are stubborn”
EZK 2 4 s6jn figs-doublet 0 stubborn faces and hard hearts The words “stubborn faces” refer to the way they act on the outside, and the words “hard hearts” refer to the way they think and feel. Together they emphasize that the people of Israel would not change how they lived in order to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -103,14 +99,12 @@ EZK 2 4 bi27 0 stubborn This describes a person who refuses to change what he
EZK 2 4 nx1c figs-metaphor 0 hard hearts Rocks never change and become soft, and these people never change and become sorry when they do evil things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 2 5 k6vh figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 2 5 g4a6 0 a prophet has been among them Alternate translation: “the one whom they have refused to listen to was a prophet”
EZK 2 6 p26z 0 General Information: God continues to speak to Ezekiel
EZK 2 6 cd8n 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 2 6 z8yl figs-metaphor 0 briers and thorns and … scorpions These words describe the people of Israel who will not treat Ezekiel kindly when he tells them what God says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 2 6 jsb2 0 briers and thorns Briers are bushes with sharp points on the branches. The sharp points on the branches are called thorns.
EZK 2 6 s9um 0 scorpions A scorpion is a small animal with two front claws, six legs, and a large tail with a poisonous stinger. Its sting is very painful.
EZK 2 6 typ2 0 Do not fear their words Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of what they say.”
EZK 2 6 k1u5 figs-metonymy 0 be dismayed by their faces The words “their faces” are a metonym for the message the people express with their faces. Alternate translation: “lose your desire to serve me because of the way they look at you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 2 7 r72s 0 General Information: God continues to speak to Ezekiel.
EZK 2 7 phz2 0 are most rebellious Alternate translation: “are very rebellious” or “totally rebel against me”
EZK 2 8 ndb7 figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 2 9 p6fn 0 a hand was extended out to me This could mean: (1) a person in the heavens had extended his hand out toward Ezekiel and all Ezekiel could see was from the hand to the elbow or shoulder or (2) the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)) extended his hand.
@ -119,7 +113,6 @@ EZK 2 10 mxi2 0 He spread it out The word “He” refers to the “one who lo
EZK 2 10 h57t figs-activepassive 0 it had been written on both its front and back This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had written on both its front and its back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 2 10 vh4l figs-abstractnouns 0 written on it were lamentations, mourning, and woe This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “lamentations,” “mourning,” and “woe.” Alternate translation: “someone had written on it that these people would lament, be sad the way they would be if someone they loved had died, and have bad things happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 3 intro g699 0 # Ezekiel 3 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Ezekiel’s call concludes in this chapter. God told Ezekiel more about what he should say to the people and how he should say it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])
EZK 3 1 u74t 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw.
EZK 3 1 brw3 0 He said to me The word “He” refers to the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)).
EZK 3 1 j5ix 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 3 1 ze6y 0 what you have found This refers to the scroll that God was giving him ([Ezekiel 2:9](../02/09.md)).
@ -127,7 +120,6 @@ EZK 3 1 vqx6 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a meto
EZK 3 2 zj66 0 that scroll Many versions have “the scroll” or “this scroll.”
EZK 3 3 ky32 0 feed your belly and fill your stomach with this scroll The word “belly” refers to the part of the body people can see from the outside. The word “stomach” refers to the internal organs inside the belly.
EZK 3 3 hl4l 0 it was as sweet as honey Honey tastes sweet, and the scroll tasted sweet.
EZK 3 4 n2bh 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw.
EZK 3 4 m9d9 0 he said to me If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.”
EZK 3 4 sch3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 3 6 t81j 0 of strange speech or a difficult language Alternate translation: “who speak a strange or difficult language”
@ -137,7 +129,6 @@ EZK 3 6 f2qs 0 if I sent you to them The word “them” refers to a mighty na
EZK 3 7 w94c figs-doublet 0 strong browed and hard hearted These mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “very rebellious” or “very stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 3 7 m967 figs-idiom 0 strong browed This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “unwilling to change” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 3 7 sq7w figs-metaphor 0 hard hearted This phrase suggests that the people resist God and are unwilling to obey him. The heart is used to describe the place in the body where a person decides what they want to do. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 8 bx39 0 General Information: The Spirit of God continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 3 8 d8jm 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts Ezekiel to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 3 8 sx8p figs-metaphor 0 I have made your face as hard as their faces A hard face is a metaphor for being stubborn. Alternate translation: “I have made you as stubborn as they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 3 8 zi9j figs-metonymy 0 I have made … your brow as hard as their brows The “brow” is the forehead or eyebrow and is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “I have made … you strong so you will not stop doing what you are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -148,7 +139,6 @@ EZK 3 10 z6et figs-metonymy 0 take them into your heart and hear them with your
EZK 3 11 len2 0 Then go to the captives The word “captives” refers to the people of Israel who were living in Babylon.
EZK 3 11 e5ix 0 your people “your people group.” Ezekiel had lived in Judah before the Babylonians took him to Babylon.
EZK 3 11 p7ah 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
EZK 3 12 k5yc 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues telling about the vision he saw.
EZK 3 12 it6a 0 I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake: “Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!” Some versions take “Blessed … place!” as a words that the “great earthquake” spoke: “I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake, which said, ‘Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!’” Others understand the sound of the earthquake as the sound of the glory of Yahweh leaving his place, “as the glory of Yahweh left its place, I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake.”
EZK 3 12 pl7p 0 the sound of a great earthquake It is not clear if the sound came from an earthquake, from a voice that was loud like an earthquake, or from the wings and wheels. Alternate translation: “a sound like the sound of a great earthquake” or “a voice speaking; the voice sounded like a great earthquake” or “a loud rumbling noise”
EZK 3 12 xj77 0 the glory of Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
@ -178,7 +168,6 @@ EZK 3 23 ul8f 0 the Kebar Canal This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug
EZK 3 23 l7j5 figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 3 24 r8ve 0 he spoke with me If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.”
EZK 3 25 f4fp 0 they will place ropes upon you and tie you so you cannot go out among them This is best translated literally.
EZK 3 26 fy8s 0 General Information: The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 3 26 en24 0 the roof of your mouth Alternate translation: “the top of your mouth”
EZK 3 26 w5g2 0 you will be mute Alternate translation: “you will not be able to speak”
EZK 3 26 z3pl figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -186,7 +175,6 @@ EZK 3 27 pfr1 0 I will open your mouth Alternate translation: “I will make y
EZK 3 27 sy4s 0 the one who will not listen will not listen Alternate translation: “the one who refuses to listen will not listen”
EZK 3 27 v6ss 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
EZK 4 intro dz5i 0 # Ezekiel 4 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Destruction of Jerusalem<br>The destruction of Jerusalem is pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the lack of food and water that would occur during the siege of Jerusalem.
EZK 4 1 r8ry 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He tells Ezekiel to take a brick and dirt and pieces of wood and act as if he were Yahweh destroying the city of Jerusalem.
EZK 4 1 thl9 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 4 1 cn59 figs-explicit 0 carve the city of Jerusalem You may need to make explicit that Ezekiel is to carve a picture. Alternate translation: “carve a picture of the city of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 4 2 hk4u 0 lay siege against it Alternate translation: “surround the city in order to capture it”
@ -196,7 +184,6 @@ EZK 4 2 mdb4 0 Place battering rams all around it “Set around it huge poles
EZK 4 3 d88y translate-symaction 0 set your face against it This is a command to stare at the model of the city as a symbol of punishing the city. Alternate translation: “stare at the city” or “stare at the city so that it will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 4 3 cv8u figs-metonymy 0 set your face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set your face” refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 3 vw5k figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 4 q5jk 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 4 4 qk6z 0 put the sin of the house of Israel on it This could mean: (1) “symbolically bear the punishment for the sins of the Israelites” or (2) “suffer by lying on your side because of their sin.”
EZK 4 4 tm3q figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 4 4 kkq5 0 you will carry their sin This could mean: (1) “you will be guilty of their sin” or (2) “you will be punished for their sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated “symbolically” by Ezekiel as noted in the UST.
@ -204,7 +191,6 @@ EZK 4 4 u5yy 0 lie down against the house of Israel Alternate translation: “
EZK 4 5 in3l 0 I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment Alternate translation: “I myself command you to lie on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them”
EZK 4 5 rx67 0 each year of their punishment This could mean: (1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or (2) each year that they have sinned.
EZK 4 5 wq3e translate-numbers 0 390 days “three hundred and ninety days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZK 4 6 qwn4 0 General Information: The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 4 6 y7xn 0 these days the days Ezekiel lies down on his left side to illustrate the siege of the kingdom of Israel
EZK 4 6 s4h8 0 you will carry the sin This could mean: (1) “you will be guilty of the sin” or (2) “you will be punished for the sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated symbolically by Ezekiel as noted in the UST. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 4:4](../04/04.md).
EZK 4 6 a25b figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -214,7 +200,6 @@ EZK 4 7 knw2 figs-metonymy 0 Set your face Here “face” is a metonym for att
EZK 4 7 w7t8 0 prophesy against it Alternate translation: “prophesy about the bad things that will happen to Jerusalem”
EZK 4 8 e9sf 0 For behold Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
EZK 4 8 lua4 figs-metaphor 0 I am placing bonds on you Bonds are ropes or chains that keep a person from moving. It is not clear whether the word “bonds” is a metaphor for something Yahweh does that is as if he had bound Ezekiel or if he is using literal, physical ropes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 4 9 u9gx 0 General Information: The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 4 9 vw5v 0 wheat, barley … millet, and spelt These are different kinds of grains.
EZK 4 9 cig3 0 beans vines whose seeds, which grow in a single row inside its otherwise empty fruit, can be eaten
EZK 4 9 q8id translate-unknown 0 lentils These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@ -222,7 +207,6 @@ EZK 4 9 tc9t translate-numbers 0 390 days “three hundred and ninety days” (
EZK 4 10 q6cb translate-numbers 0 twenty shekels per day “20 shekels per day.” A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: 200 grams of bread each day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EZK 4 11 ba5e translate-bvolume 0 a sixth of a hin “1/6 hin” or “a sixth part of a hin” or “about one-half liter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EZK 4 11 b9rp translate-bvolume 0 a hin A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
EZK 4 12 z3cp 0 General Information: The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 4 12 wgs2 0 You will eat it The word “it” refers to the bread ([Ezekiel 4:9](../04/09.md)).
EZK 4 12 esy6 translate-unknown 0 barley cakes flat bread made of barley ([Ezekiel 4:9](../04/09.md)) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 4 12 se16 0 you will bake it on excrement of human dung “you will cook it over a fire made with pieces of human solid waste.” Your language may have a way of expressing this politely.
@ -244,7 +228,6 @@ EZK 4 16 xi3f figs-metonymy 0 rationing it in trembling The word “shaking”
EZK 4 17 s15b figs-explicit 0 every man will be dismayed at his brother and waste away This could mean: (1) “everyone will look at his brother and worry about how much food his brother eats and waste away” or (2) “every one of them will be dismayed and waste away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 4 17 bv4j figs-metaphor 0 waste away The phrase “waste away” is usually used of flesh or wood rotting. Here it is a metaphor for wicked people becoming thin and dying because they have no food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 5 intro hus5 0 # Ezekiel 5 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The destruction of Jerusalem<br>The destruction of Jerusalem is continued to be pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the destruction of Jerusalem by fire and war.
EZK 5 1 mvw5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. All instances of “the city” refer to the “city” that Ezekiel carved onto the brick ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md)).
EZK 5 1 wtm2 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
EZK 5 1 het3 0 barber’s razor Alternate translation: “blade for cutting hair”
EZK 5 1 p4tg 0 pass the razor over your head and your beard Alternate translation: “shave your head and your face” or “remove the hair from your head and the beard from your face”
@ -256,21 +239,18 @@ EZK 5 2 d8s1 0 strike it with the sword all around the city Alternate translat
EZK 5 2 aye1 translate-fraction 0 scatter a third of it to the wind “let the wind blow the last third of your hair in different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
EZK 5 2 b6bf figs-metonymy 0 I will draw out a sword to chase after the people The word “sword” is a metonym for enemy soldiers who will attack with their swords, and to “draw out a sword” is to send the soldiers into battle. Alternate translation: “I will cause their enemies to pursue them and attack them with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 5 2 f2fx 0 I will draw out a sword Alternate translation: “I will pull a sword out of its container”
EZK 5 3 aw1j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel.
EZK 5 3 y2te 0 a small number of hairs from them Alternate translation: “a few hairs from the piles”
EZK 5 3 vva4 0 tie them The word “them” refers to the hairs. This could mean: (1) the hairs were long enough so Ezekiel could tie them or (2) Ezekiel was to sew the hairs or otherwise attach them (3) Ezekiel was to place the hairs loosely in a fold of the garment.
EZK 5 3 m7jf 0 the folds of your robe This could mean: (1) “the cloth on your arms” (“your sleeves”) or (2) “the end of the cloth on your robe” (“your hem”) or (3) the fold in the garment where it is tucked into the belt.
EZK 5 4 qx1e figs-events 0 Then take This continues the instructions Yahweh gives to Ezekiel beginning with the words “But take” in verse 3. Ezekiel was to “take a small number of hairs” and “take more of the hair and throw it” when he shaved his hair and beard ([Ezekiel 5:1](../05/01.md)) and before he burned the hair ([Ezekiel 5:2](../05/02.md)). You may need to place these verses before those verses. “But when you shave off your hair and beard, and before you burn them, take … After you have scattered the hair to the wind, then take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
EZK 5 4 k7tv figs-metaphor 0 from there a fire will go out to all the house of Israel “from there a fire will spread out and burn up all the people of Israel.” Yahweh speaks of how he will punish Israel as if he were going to set fire to a house and of the people of Israel as if they were the family that lives in that house but were at that time outside the house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 5 4 isu2 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 5 5 r35t 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak.
EZK 5 5 g9gl 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
EZK 5 5 rka7 0 This is Jerusalem “This carving represents Jerusalem” ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md))
EZK 5 5 a826 0 in the midst of the nations This could mean: (1) other nations were on all sides of Jerusalem or (2) “more important than all other nations.”
EZK 5 5 k186 figs-personification 0 I have placed her Jerusalem is referred to as “her” and “she.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 5 5 qg7v 0 other lands Alternate translation: “the neighboring countries” or “the countries around her”
EZK 5 6 hl49 0 The people have rejected my judgments Alternate translation: “The people of Israel and Jerusalem have refused to obey my judgments.”
EZK 5 7 ap1f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah.
EZK 5 7 puk4 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
EZK 5 7 e8dd 0 Because you are more troublesome than Alternate translation: “because your sinfulness is worse than” or “because you are more unruly than”
EZK 5 7 ijp8 0 that surround you Alternate translation: “that are all around you.”
@ -278,13 +258,11 @@ EZK 5 7 a52g figs-metaphor 0 have not walked in my statutes Walking is a metaph
EZK 5 7 vkc9 0 or acted according to my decrees Alternate translation: “or obeyed my decrees”
EZK 5 8 h1x6 0 Behold! Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
EZK 5 8 xp3l 0 I will execute judgments within your midst “I will judge you in various ways” or “I will punish you” .
EZK 5 9 rsh8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel and Jerusalem.
EZK 5 9 kbb8 0 what I have not done and the like of which I will not do again “as I have not done before and will not do in a similar way again” or “like I have never done before and will never do again” .
EZK 5 9 v2eb 0 because of all your disgusting actions “because of all the disgusting things you do.” God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods.
EZK 5 10 k7dn 0 fathers will eat the children in your midst, and sons will eat their fathers Ezekiel is probably telling what will really happen when the people have no food.
EZK 5 10 f8kj 0 I will execute judgment on you Alternate translation: “I will judge you” or “I will punish you severely”
EZK 5 10 n6c5 0 scatter to every direction all of you who are left Alternate translation: “I will force all of you who are left to go to different places.”
EZK 5 11 lpw2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah.
EZK 5 11 e2zn 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
EZK 5 11 hg2m 0 defiled … sanctuary ruined the place that Yahweh had set aside to be only for his use
EZK 5 11 z6sh figs-explicit 0 with all your hateful things “with all of those things of yours that I hate.” You may need to make explicit that this refers to idols: “with all your idols, which I hate” or “with all your disgusting idols.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -292,12 +270,10 @@ EZK 5 11 my31 0 with all your disgusting deeds Alternate translation: “with
EZK 5 11 i3z4 figs-synecdoche 0 my eye will not have pity on you The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not pity you” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 5 11 r14z 0 I will not spare you Alternate translation: “I will surely punish you”
EZK 5 12 a3ye 0 they will be consumed by famine in your midst Alternate translation: “many of them will die because of famine”
EZK 5 13 z68n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah.
EZK 5 13 az69 0 my wrath will be completed Alternate translation: “I will no longer be angry because I will have done everything I wanted to do because I was angry”
EZK 5 13 w8xw figs-metonymy 0 I will cause my fury toward them to rest The word “fury” means violent anger, and here it is a metonym for punishment. “I will stop punishing them because I will have punished them fully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 5 13 b1ac figs-explicit 0 I will be satisfied You may need to make explicit why Yahweh will be satisfied. Alternate translation: “I will be satisfied that I have punished them enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 5 13 dxx1 0 when I have completed my fury against them Alternate translation: “when I have finished punishing them”
EZK 5 15 ik2z 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah.
EZK 5 15 aiv4 figs-doublet 0 in wrath and fury The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is very angry. Alternate translation: “because I will be very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 5 16 pk83 figs-metonymy 0 will send out harsh arrows of famine against you The word “arrows” is a metonym for the sharp pains that people feel when they have had no food for a long time. Alternate translation: “will make you feel the pain of intense hunger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 5 16 tq5n 0 increase the famine on you Alternate translation: “make the famine more severe for you” or “make the famine last longer for you” or “make sure that there is less and less for you to eat”
@ -332,7 +308,6 @@ EZK 6 8 luc8 figs-activepassive 0 when you are scattered throughout the countri
EZK 6 9 nw31 figs-synecdoche 0 I was grieved by their promiscuous heart that turned away from me Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a woman who sleeps with many people. Alternate translation: “I was sad because they were like a wife who has left me to sleep with other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 6 9 quq7 figs-synecdoche 0 by their eyes that whored after their idols Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a married woman who looks at other men and desires to sleep with them. Alternate translation: “by the way they desired strongly to worship idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 6 9 cul8 0 they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed This could mean: (1) “their faces will show that they hate themselves because of the wicked things they have done” or (2) “their faces will show that they hate the wicked things that they have done.”
EZK 6 11 tpg3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel.
EZK 6 11 e96i figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 6 11 wif1 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
EZK 6 11 v6gt writing-symlanguage 0 Clap your hands and stomp your foot Ezekiel was to do this symbolic action to get the people’s attention. This was not applause. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
@ -442,7 +417,6 @@ EZK 8 1 ni1l 0 fell upon Alternate translation: “took hold of”
EZK 8 2 c8h3 figs-abstractnouns 0 a likeness with the appearance of a man Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man. Both “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “there was someone who appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 8 2 lie4 0 glowing metal When metal is very hot, it glows with a yellow or orange light.
EZK 8 2 dw9z figs-abstractnouns 0 the appearance of his hips … the appearance of something shining The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what appeared to be his hips … what appeared to be something shining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 8 3 r1s3 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues telling about the vision from God.
EZK 8 3 mje5 0 he reached out The word “he” probably refers to the “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)).
EZK 8 3 q8np 0 between earth and heaven Alternate translation: “between the ground and the sky”
EZK 8 3 h6bp 0 in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem The words “in visions” mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel’s thoughts. His body would still be in his home while God shows him these things.
@ -484,7 +458,6 @@ EZK 8 18 h7ic 0 I will not spare them Alternate translation: “I will still p
EZK 8 18 ay27 0 Though they cry in my ears with a loud voice Alternate translation: “Though they yell their prayers to me with a loud voice”
EZK 8 18 d7vs 0 I will not hear them Alternate translation: “I will not listen to them”
EZK 9 intro jy4e 0 # Ezekiel 9 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sorrow over sin<br><br>God was looking for people who were sad that there was so much evil being done. Yahweh would keep these faithful people from being killed with the rest of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
EZK 9 1 q9n5 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision God gave him. It started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md).
EZK 9 1 d5u4 0 he cried in my hearing Alternate translation: “I heard him call out”
EZK 9 1 jw3q 0 he cried the “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)) cried
EZK 9 1 ew8m 0 weapon of destruction weapon for destroying people or things
@ -522,7 +495,6 @@ EZK 9 11 u3ij 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am ab
EZK 9 11 yrc2 translate-unknown 0 linen a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). Alternate translation: “smooth cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZK 9 11 lgs3 0 He reported and said Alternate translation: “He reported to Yahweh and told him”
EZK 10 intro yaf7 0 # Ezekiel 10 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God left the temple<br><br>God now abandoned Judah, and left the temple. This was devastating to the religious life of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
EZK 10 1 bk81 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md).
EZK 10 1 cpq3 0 toward the dome Alternate translation: “toward the curved roof”
EZK 10 1 scp4 0 cherubim See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md).
EZK 10 1 fk83 0 like a sapphire a valuable blue or green gemstone
@ -569,30 +541,25 @@ EZK 10 21 is6s figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of human hands Here the abstra
EZK 10 22 vgn2 figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of their faces was like the faces that I had seen The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “their faces looked like the faces that I had seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 10 22 z9wt 0 went straight ahead Alternate translation: “faced forward” or “looked directly ahead”
EZK 11 intro p5z8 0 # Ezekiel 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Safety<br><br>The people were trusting Jerusalem to keep them safe. But God was going to pull them out of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The people in Jerusalem used the metaphor “this city is the pot and we are the meat in the pot” meaning they were safe in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 1 fu4d 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md).
EZK 11 1 fu8k 0 to the eastern gate of Yahweh’s house, facing east This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. Alternate translation: “the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding Yahweh’s house” or “the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard”
EZK 11 1 vq4e 0 Yahweh’s house See how you translated this phrase in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 11 1 i38v 0 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 11 1 wh2t translate-numbers 0 twenty-five men “25 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZK 11 1 maj2 translate-names 0 Jaazaniah son of Azzur and Pelatiah son of Benaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 11 1 w2rd 0 among them Alternate translation: “among the twenty-five men”
EZK 11 2 xpp8 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision.
EZK 11 2 unw8 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 11 3 g14h 0 The time to build houses is not now This shows the people feel so secure they are not worried about building houses now. Other versions of the Bible read, “Now is the time to build our houses.” This would mean that the people want to build houses because they feel secure.
EZK 11 3 a2wt figs-metaphor 0 this city is the pot, and we are the meat The people speak of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. The metaphor suggests that they are important and safe within the city. Alternate translation: “This city is like a pot that will protect us as a pot protects meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 3 nf9t 0 the pot This could mean: (1) a pot for storing meat or (2) a pot for cooking meat.
EZK 11 5 b5xf 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to talk to the prophet Ezekiel.
EZK 11 5 n2rp figs-metaphor 0 the Spirit of Yahweh fell on me Ezekiel speaks of the Spirit of Yahweh inspiring and empowering him to prophesy as if the Spirit of Yahweh fell upon him. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh empowered me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 5 k82u 0 That is what you are saying “You are saying these things.” This refers to what the people were saying in [Ezekiel 11:3](../11/03.md).
EZK 11 5 x459 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “Israelites” or “Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 11 7 n3xy figs-metaphor 0 The people you have killed … are the meat, and this city is the pot Yahweh speaks of the people whom they have killed as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “The people you have killed … are like the meat in the pot, and this city is like the pot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 7 bdf4 figs-activepassive 0 But you are going to be brought out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But I am going to bring you out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 11 8 c95t 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.
EZK 11 8 qb7n figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 11 9 wxb4 figs-metonymy 0 put you into the hands of foreigners Here the metonym “hands” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “put you into the power of foreigners” or “enable foreigners to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 11 10 g6p1 figs-metonymy 0 You will fall by the sword The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “They will kill you with their swords” or “You will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 11 10 t7zd figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 11 11 m2wb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.
EZK 11 11 th4x figs-metaphor 0 This city will not be your cooking pot, nor will you be the meat The people had spoken of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. Yahweh says that this is not true. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “This city is not like a pot that will protect you as a pot protects meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 11 pku7 0 within the borders of Israel Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel”
EZK 11 12 yep1 figs-metaphor 0 the one whose statutes you have not walked in Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “the one whose statutes you have not obeyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -612,7 +579,6 @@ EZK 11 17 ycl8 figs-parallelism 0 I will gather you from the peoples, and assem
EZK 11 17 w63v figs-activepassive 0 where you were scattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where I scattered you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 11 18 gyd9 figs-doublet 0 every detestable thing and every abomination These words have similar meanings and emphasize that God will remove all the idols from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 11 18 c4k7 0 every detestable thing This means things that cause hatred or disgust. Here it refers to idols.
EZK 11 19 lkz6 0 General Information: God continues the prophecy of what will happen to the scattered Israelites.
EZK 11 19 twq3 figs-metaphor 0 I will give them one heart … give them a heart of flesh Yahweh speaks of all of the Israelites who are in exile as if they are one person, with one heart and one spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 19 c2mx figs-metonymy 0 I will give them one heart Here the metonym “heart” represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of causing all of the people to share the same new emotions as if he were giving them one heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 11 19 g99v figs-metonymy 0 I will put a new spirit within them Here the metonym “spirit” represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of causing the people to think new thoughts as if he were giving them a new spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -668,7 +634,6 @@ EZK 12 22 izv9 figs-idiom 0 The days are prolonged This idiom means that many d
EZK 12 22 e12i figs-explicit 0 every vision fails This means that the visions that the prophets receive and communicate to the people fail to happen. Alternate translation: “every prophetic vision fails to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 12 23 q8d7 figs-explicit 0 The days have drawn near This phrase refers to the days in which Israel will be judged. Alternate translation: “The days of judgment are coming soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 12 23 d1nt figs-activepassive 0 every vision will be fulfilled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will fulfill every vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 12 24 su9i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what to say to the people of Israel.
EZK 12 24 ic9f figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 12 25 u14a figs-idiom 0 I carry out the words that I speak This idiom means that Yahweh does what he says. Alternate translation: “I do the things that I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 12 25 tt5d figs-explicit 0 The matter will no longer be delayed The “matter” refers to the things that Yahweh says will happen. Alternate translation: “What I say will no longer be delayed” or “What I say will happen soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -712,14 +677,12 @@ EZK 13 11 aee2 figs-metaphor 0 I will send hailstones to make it fall down, and
EZK 13 11 zn9q 0 hailstones balls of ice that sometimes falls from the sky during a rainstorm.
EZK 13 12 zbu8 figs-rquestion 0 Have others not said to you, “Where is the whitewash that you put on it?” Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that others will ask the prophets what happened to their whitewash. Alternate translation: “Others will certainly say to you, ‘Where is the whitewash that you put on it?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 13 12 d3qf figs-rquestion 0 Where is the whitewash that you put on it? This could mean: (1) that this is an honest question for which the people expect and answer or (2) this is a rhetorical question that the people ask out of sarcasm. Alternate translation: “The whitewash that you put on it did no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 13 13 l6dh figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 13 ap58 figs-metaphor 0 I will bring a windstorm … completely destroy it. Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 13 hsw4 0 in my rage … in my wrath … in my rage Alternate translation: “because of my rage … because of my wrath … because my rage.”
EZK 13 14 vm16 0 lay bare Alternate translation: “uncover”
EZK 13 14 hbi9 figs-metaphor 0 you will be annihilated in the middle of it all The phrase “in the middle of it all” refers to the stones of the wall that Yahweh will break down. He speaks of destroying the people in his judgment as if the wall would crush them to death when he breaks it down. Alternate translation: “all of its stones will crush you to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 14 lr73 0 annihilated Alternate translation: “destroyed”
EZK 13 14 z436 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 13 15 l8qe figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 15 b676 0 I will annihilate in my fury Alternate translation: “Because I am very angry, I will annihilate”
EZK 13 15 ctz7 0 whitewashed it The word “whitewash” refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 13:10](../13/10.md).
EZK 13 16 sf6q 0 the prophets of Israel who prophesied about Jerusalem and who had visions of peace for her This phrase defines who “the people who whitewashed it” are.
@ -734,7 +697,6 @@ EZK 13 18 n6ji 0 charms objects believed to have magical powers.
EZK 13 18 u8m1 figs-metaphor 0 used to hunt down people Yahweh speaks of these women using beauty, mystery, and lies to deceive people as if the people were animals that the women hunted down and trapped with their charms. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that they use to hunt down people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 13 18 u9hw figs-explicit 0 make veils for their heads of every size This means that they make veils to put on the heads of people of different height. Alternate translation: “make veils for the heads of women of every stature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 13 18 xte5 figs-rquestion 0 Will you hunt down my people but save your own lives? Yahweh asks this as a leading question to rebuke the women who do these things. The implicit answer is, “no.” Alternate translation: “Do not think that you will be able to save your own lives after you have hunted down my people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 13 19 ea74 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak against the false prophetesses in Israel.
EZK 13 19 le52 figs-parallelism 0 handfuls of barley and crumbs of bread Barley is a grain used to make bread and the word “crumb” is a small amount of bread. Both phrases are small amounts of food and are used to emphasize how small the payment was to the prophetesses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 13 20 j7z4 figs-metaphor 0 the magic charms that you have used to ensnare the people’s lives as if they were birds Yahweh speaks of these women using their magic charms to deceive people as if the people were birds that the women trapped with those charms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 13 20 lby4 0 charms objects believed to have magical powers
@ -793,7 +755,6 @@ EZK 14 19 xe11 figs-metaphor 0 pour out my fury Yahweh speaks of expressing his
EZK 14 19 d1pl figs-metaphor 0 cut off both man and beast Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “kill both man and beast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 20 sa88 figs-activepassive 0 only their own lives would be rescued This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they would only rescue their own lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 14 21 v31a figs-metaphor 0 to cut off both man and beast from her Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if it were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to kill both man and beast in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 14 22 bv12 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak with Ezekiel about the punishment of the people of Israel.
EZK 14 22 h8bn 0 Behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows.
EZK 14 22 r9k7 0 left in her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem.
EZK 14 22 zf8a figs-activepassive 0 be comforted concerning the punishment This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will comfort you concerning the punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -808,7 +769,6 @@ EZK 15 3 c3me figs-rquestion 0 Do people take wood from a vine to make anything
EZK 15 3 lw53 figs-rquestion 0 do they make a peg from it to hang anything on it? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “they do not make a peg from it to hang things on it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 15 4 z9vv figs-rquestion 0 If it is thrown into a fire as fuel … is it good for anything? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If it is thrown into a fire as fuel … it is not good for anything.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 15 4 s2c2 figs-activepassive 0 If it is thrown into a fire as fuel This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If a person throws it into a fire as fuel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 15 5 i838 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the vine.
EZK 15 5 x46v 0 See! The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 15 5 ln6m 0 When it was complete Alternate translation: “When it was whole” or “Before the fire burned it”
EZK 15 5 rvt5 0 it could not make anything Alternate translation: “no one could make anything from it”
@ -825,12 +785,10 @@ EZK 16 1 rhc3 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is use
EZK 16 2 cb3d 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 16 3 azi1 figs-doublet 0 Your beginning and your birth These two phrases share similar meanings. Yahweh speaks of when people founded the city as if it were the city’s birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 3 ug1v figs-metaphor 0 your father was an Amorite, and your mother was a Hittite The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 4 w8mz figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were an infant. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 4 tbf2 figs-synecdoche 0 your mother did not cut your navel Here “navel” refers to the umbilical cord that is attached to the navel. Alternate translation: “you mother did not cut your umbilical cord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 16 5 exg6 figs-synecdoche 0 No eye had compassion for you Here the word “eye” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “Nobody who saw you had compassion for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 16 5 hpj2 0 with loathing for your life Alternate translation: “because your parents hated you”
EZK 16 5 p9bt figs-activepassive 0 you were thrown out into the open field This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your parents threw you out into the open field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 6 p7pp figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were an infant. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 6 uz2j 0 But I passed by you Yahweh is walking near the newborn baby.
EZK 16 6 q16r figs-ellipsis 0 I said to you in your blood The implicit information can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “I said to you as you were lying in your blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 16 7 pbn3 figs-simile 0 I made you grow like a plant in a field Here Yahweh compares growing quickly with the way a plant grows quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -838,85 +796,64 @@ EZK 16 7 vh53 figs-doublet 0 You multiplied and became great These two phrases
EZK 16 7 f44l figs-metaphor 0 you became the jewel of jewels Here the woman, who represents Jerusalem, is spoken of as if she had become the finest of all jewels, that is, as if she had become the most beautiful of all women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 7 ufd7 0 you became the jewel of jewels Some modern versions translate “You became old enough to wear jewels.”
EZK 16 7 v3hb figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 8 l1m5 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 8 fs2l 0 See! The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 16 8 iv6g 0 the time of love came for you This is to say that Yahweh sees the young woman is old enough to be married.
EZK 16 9 c3nc figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 10 ryz4 0 embroidered clothes “beautiful clothes.” To embroider is to sew a design into a piece of cloth.
EZK 16 11 iaz1 0 I adorned you with jewelry Alternate translation: “I put jewelry on you”
EZK 16 13 su7h figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 13 j9tf figs-activepassive 0 you were adorned with gold and silver, and you were dressed in fine linen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I adorned you with gold and silver, and dressed you in fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 14 m2zj 0 Your fame went out among the nations Alternate translation: “Many people in many nations knew who you were”
EZK 16 14 f2yp 0 it was perfect Alternate translation: “your beauty was perfect”
EZK 16 15 d27i figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 15 uh52 0 you trusted in your own beauty Alternate translation: “you placed your confidence in your own beauty”
EZK 16 15 mb92 figs-metaphor 0 acted like a prostitute Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the city were an unfaithful wife who sleeps with other men in exchange for payment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 15 c6e2 figs-metaphor 0 you poured out your acts of prostitution Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s immoral actions as if they were liquids and of committing those actions repeatedly as if it were pouring those liquids from a container. Alternate translation: “you repeatedly committed your acts of prostitution” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 15 wq1l 0 so that your beauty became his This Hebrew phrase is translated in many different ways by various modern versions. For example, some Bibles read “so that you gave yourself to him” or “his it was”
EZK 16 17 um7f figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 17 h8iz 0 male figures Alternate translation: “statues of men” or “idols that look like men”
EZK 16 17 rgp8 figs-euphemism 0 you did with them as a prostitute would do This could mean: (1) this is a polite way to say the young woman was sleeping with the male figures. Alternate translation: “you slept with them” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of her worshiping the figures as if she were sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “you worshiped them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 19 ml19 0 set before them Alternate translation: “placed as an offering in front of them”
EZK 16 20 d2sz figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 20 ev7l 0 whom you bore for me Alternate translation: “who were my children”
EZK 16 20 tgj4 figs-explicit 0 you sacrificed them to the images to be devoured as food Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. In these ancient pagan sacrifices, the people believed that the gods would eat the food that they offered to them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you sacrificed them to the images so that those images could devour them as food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 20 ku1z figs-rquestion 0 Are your acts of prostitution a small matter? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the woman is acting as if her prostitution was not bad enough and so she decided to sacrifice her children as well. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must think that your acts of prostitution are a small matter.” or “I do not think your acts of prostitution are a small matter.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 16 21 pxu4 figs-explicit 0 made them pass through the fire Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. It is implicit that she put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to her images. Alternate translation: “sacrificed them as burnt offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 16 22 wvq2 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 23 nyv1 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 24 fs8i 0 you built yourself a mound and made yourself a lofty shrine in every public place This could mean: (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution.
EZK 16 25 v7yc figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 25 lz72 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every road Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a road as if it were its head. Alternate translation: “at the beginning of every road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 27 c7es figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 27 myt7 0 See! The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 16 27 c82p figs-metonymy 0 I will strike you with my hand Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 27 ge6y figs-metaphor 0 cut off your food Yahweh speaks of stopping the supply of food as if it were cutting off the food. Alternate translation: “stop your food supply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 27 ltw1 figs-synecdoche 0 I will hand your life over Here “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “I will hand you over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 16 27 r2ql figs-metaphor 0 the daughters of the Philistines Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Philistia as if they were the daughters of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the Philistine people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 30 h91y 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife.
EZK 16 30 db6k figs-rquestion 0 How sick is your heart … that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute? Yahweh asks the rhetorical question in order to rebuke Jerusalem. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your heart must be very sick … that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 16 30 yze4 figs-metonymy 0 How sick is your heart Here the word “heart” represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of her inability to control her desires as if her heart were sick. Alternate translation: “How weak-willed are you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 31 bg24 0 built your mounds … made your lofty shrines This could mean: (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md).
EZK 16 31 wxg7 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every street Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a street as if it were its head. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 16:25](../16/25.md). Alternate translation: “at the beginning of every street” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 32 kuw8 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 32 nw3d figs-euphemism 0 you accept strangers instead of your husband This refers to accepting someone to sleep with her. Alternate translation: “you accept strangers into your bed instead of your husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 16 35 snt6 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 36 hnw5 figs-metaphor 0 you have poured out your lust Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s lust as if it were liquid and of committing actions repeatedly to gratify that lust as if it were pouring that liquid from a container. Alternate translation: “you repeatedly committed actions to gratify your lust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 36 xyi5 0 poured out your lust Some modern versions translate “poured your wealth out.”
EZK 16 36 n2sq 0 you gave them your children’s blood This refers to killing children as a sacrifice to idols.
EZK 16 37 zp96 0 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 16 37 awf2 figs-explicit 0 so they see all your nakedness Stripping a person naked in front of others was an action intended to humiliate the person. The word “nakedness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “so they can see you completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 16 38 s1kn figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 38 s8wc figs-metonymy 0 the shedding of blood This phrase represents murder in any form. Alternate translation: “murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 38 ljg4 figs-metonymy 0 I will bring on you the bloodshed of my anger and passion Here “bloodshed” represents murder in any form. This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks of punishing her for murder as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will punish you for committing murder” or (2) Yahweh speaks of putting her to death as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will shed your blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 39 ylz3 figs-metonymy 0 I will give you into their hands Here “hands” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will place you in their control” or “I will allow them to have power over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 39 ia4f 0 throw down your vaulted chamber Possible meanings are that they will destroy (1) the place where she worshiped her idols or (2) the place where she practiced her prostitution. See how you translated “vaulted chamber” in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md).
EZK 16 39 gp28 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 40 mr55 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. He speaks about enemy soldiers as her lovers. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 41 ket8 figs-abstractnouns 0 will perform many acts of punishment on you The word “punishment” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will punish you in many different ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 16 41 e5d2 0 in the sight of many women Alternate translation: “where many women can see” or “while many women watch”
EZK 16 42 h192 figs-metonymy 0 I will calm my fury against you; my anger will leave you The words “fury” and “anger” refer to the punishment that Yahweh inflicts because he is angry. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will stop punishing you because I will no longer be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 16 43 rk6r figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 43 n9xq figs-idiom 0 call to mind This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 16 43 g913 0 have made me shake with anger because of all these things Here “shake” refers to a physical response that a person has when he is extremely angry. As Jerusalem was doing these things, she did not think about what Yahweh had done when she was young.
EZK 16 43 qa7p 0 behold! The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 16 44 f5gm figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 44 c35j 0 Behold! The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 16 45 ca9t 0 who detested her husband Alternate translation: “who hated her husband”
EZK 16 45 u96d figs-metaphor 0 Your mother was a Hittite, and your father was an Amorite The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. See how you translated these phrases in [Ezekiel 16:3](../16/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 46 cg54 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 46 h77t figs-explicit 0 Your older sister was Samaria … your younger sister was the one living south of you, that is, Sodom Samaria and Sodom were both cities that Yahweh had judged for their idolatry and wickedness. Yahweh speaks of these cities being Jerusalem’s sisters to express that she belonged to a family that practiced idolatry and wickedness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 47 rvs2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 47 ff3w figs-metaphor 0 You not only walked in their ways The way a person lives is spoken of as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You not only acted like them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 47 m7tq figs-doublet 0 copied their behavior and practices Here the words “behavior” and “practices” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “copied the things that they did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 49 a5r3 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 49 i51i figs-metaphor 0 arrogant in her leisure, careless and unconcerned about anything Yahweh describes Sodom as a rich woman who has more than enough food and lives in security. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 16 49 ms78 figs-synecdoche 0 She did not strengthen the hands of the poor and needy people Here the word “hands” represents the people who work with their hands. The words “poor” and “needy” emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. Alternate translation: “She did not help the people who could not help themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 16 51 qff7 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 51 l9j8 0 you have shown that your sisters were better than you Yahweh uses this phrase three times to emphasize that the wicked cities of Samaria and Sodom were more righteous than Jerusalem.
EZK 16 52 z6dn 0 Especially you, show your own shame Yahweh uses this phrase twice to emphasize how shamefully the people of Jerusalem have acted.
EZK 16 52 zy3m 0 show your own shame Alternate translation: “be ashamed” or “bear your disgrace”
EZK 16 53 r32c figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 54 q87d 0 you will show your shame Alternate translation: “you will be ashamed” or “you will bear your disgrace”
EZK 16 54 c2hp figs-activepassive 0 you will be humiliated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will humiliate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 54 mj9k figs-abstractnouns 0 you will be a comfort to them The noun “comfort” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “you will comfort Sodom and Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -924,16 +861,13 @@ EZK 16 55 hdf7 figs-activepassive 0 your sister Sodom and her daughters will be
EZK 16 55 k82v figs-activepassive 0 Samaria and her daughters will be restored to their former estate This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will restore your sister Samaria and her daughters to their former estate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 55 h3uk 0 estate Alternate translation: “condition”
EZK 16 55 jw21 figs-activepassive 0 you and your daughters will be restored to your former condition This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will restore you and your daughters to your former condition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 56 fh8t figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 56 ni17 figs-synecdoche 0 Sodom your sister was not even mentioned by your mouth Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You did not even mention your sister Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 57 lwe5 figs-activepassive 0 before your wickedness was revealed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “before you revealed your wickedness” or “before I revealed your wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 57 fp3f 0 you are an object of scorn This refers to Jerusalem as something people talk badly about.
EZK 16 57 k4cs figs-metaphor 0 the daughters of Edom and to all the daughters of the Philistines Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Edom and Philistia as if they were the daughters of Edom and of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the Edomite people and to all the Philistine people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 57 j12t 0 despise hate very much
EZK 16 58 mlw5 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 16 59 lt9d figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 59 lx6u figs-explicit 0 despised your oath by breaking the covenant Jerusalem broke her marriage covenant with Yahweh, thereby showing that she did not care about the oaths that she had made to him. Alternate translation: “despised your oath to me by breaking the covenant that you made with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 16 60 ds91 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 16 60 e9ir figs-idiom 0 call to mind This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 16 60 n5fx figs-activepassive 0 made in the days of your youth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I made with you when you were young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 16 62 lz8g figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1003,7 +937,6 @@ EZK 17 21 kq24 figs-activepassive 0 the ones who remain will be scattered in ev
EZK 17 21 t3e9 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 17 22 xj4t figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh resumes the parable that he had told in [Ezekiel 17:1](../17/01.md) and speaks about Jerusalem as if it were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 17 23 mws7 0 bear branches Alternate translation: “grow new branches”
EZK 17 24 e7fm figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel and of other nations as if they were other trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 17 24 bv9g figs-personification 0 Then all the trees of the field will know that I am Yahweh Yahweh speaks of trees as if they are people who can know about him. The trees represent the nations and the people who live in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 17 24 gh1n 0 I bring down the high trees and I raise up the low trees Alternate translation: “I cut down the tall trees and I cause the little trees to grow”
EZK 17 24 p5un 0 wither when a plant dries up and dies.
@ -1021,14 +954,12 @@ EZK 18 6 nr4h translate-symaction 0 lift up his eyes to the idols The idiom “
EZK 18 6 w2dj figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 6 up1i figs-explicit 0 approached a woman during her monthly period It is implicit that he has not approached a woman in order to sleep with her. Alternate translation: “approached a woman to sleep with her during her monthly period” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 18 7 mqe1 0 gives back to the debtor what was put up as security for a loan Alternate translation: “returns to the debtor the item that the debtor gave him as security for the loan”
EZK 18 8 kad7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe the actions of the righteous man.
EZK 18 8 r5q7 0 interest This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “any interest” in this passage as “too much interest.”
EZK 18 8 ba42 0 establishes faithfulness between people This means that he judges fairly the disputes that may arise between people.
EZK 18 9 suz6 figs-metaphor 0 that man walks in my statutes Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path in which the person walks. Alternate translation: “that man obeys my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 10 ftc3 figs-metonymy 0 who sheds blood This phrase represents murder in any form. Alternate translation: “who murders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 10 j9ys 0 any one of these things This refers to the sinful actions that Yahweh had mentioned beginning in [Ezekiel 18:5](../18/05.md).
EZK 18 11 dz35 figs-explicit 0 eats upon the mountains People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:5](../18/05.md). Alternate translation: “eats meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 18 12 l75w 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about the violent son.
EZK 18 12 l2is figs-doublet 0 the poor and needy The words “poor” and “needy” share similar meanings and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 18 12 vp69 translate-symaction 0 he lifts up his eyes to the idols The idiom “lifts up his eyes” refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](../18/06.md). Alternate translation: “he worships the idols” or “he prays to the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 18 13 f8rk 0 interest This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “any interest” in this passage as “too much interest.”
@ -1038,7 +969,6 @@ EZK 18 14 mv1i 0 behold! The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what foll
EZK 18 15 zmi2 figs-explicit 0 That son does not eat upon the mountains People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](../18/06.md). Alternate translation: “That son does not eat meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 18 15 xca2 translate-symaction 0 he does not lift up his eyes to the idols The idiom “lifted up his eyes” refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](../18/06.md). Alternate translation: “he does not worship the idols” or “he does not pray to the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 18 15 q95x figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 16 lvf5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about the son who does not commit the same sins as his father.
EZK 18 17 phc8 0 interest This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “interest” in this passage as “too much interest.”
EZK 18 17 ud6z figs-metaphor 0 walks according to my statutes Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if his statutes were a path in which the person walks. Alternate translation: “obeys my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 18 r9tw 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks about the son’s father who has not obeyed God’s law.
@ -1066,13 +996,11 @@ EZK 18 25 nj78 figs-rquestion 0 Are my ways unfair? Yahweh asks this rhetorical
EZK 18 25 prn4 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not your ways that are unfair? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. Alternate translation: “It is your ways that are unfair.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 18 26 p2tt figs-parallelism 0 dies because of them … die in the iniquity that he has done These phrases repeat the thought of a man dying because of his sin to express that it was his fault and the fault of no one else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 18 28 zi5q figs-metaphor 0 he has seen Yahweh speaks of the person thinking about and understanding something as if the person were seeing it. Alternate translation: “he has considered” or “he has understood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 29 ppp4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to teach the people of Israel why his way is fair.
EZK 18 29 pe9e figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 29 pq68 figs-metaphor 0 The way of the Lord is not fair … How is my way not fair … It is your ways that are not fair Actions or behaviors are spoken of as if they were a way or path that a person travels. Alternate translation: “The Lord does not act fairly … How do I not act fairly … It is you who do not act fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 30 d4ja figs-metaphor 0 according to his ways Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “according to his actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 30 j6mr figs-metaphor 0 turn away from all your transgressions so that they will not be stumbling blocks of iniquity against you Yahweh speaks of “transgressions” causing people to rebel against him as if they were blocks over which the people stumble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 30 i18v figs-metonymy 0 stumbling blocks of iniquity against you This could mean: (1) the stumbling blocks cause the person to commit more iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that cause you to commit more iniquity” or (2) The word “iniquity” is a metonym for the punishment that a person receives for his iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that lead to your punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 18 31 va7u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
EZK 18 31 pv2w figs-metaphor 0 Throw away from yourselves all of the transgressions that you have committed Yahweh speaks of the people determining to stop committing transgressions as if the transgressions were objects, such as clothing, that they removed and threw away. Alternate translation: “Get rid of all of the transgressions that you have committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 31 vlg7 figs-metonymy 0 make for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit Here the word “heart” represents the will and emotions and the word “spirit” represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of the people having new emotions and thoughts as if they were making a new heart and spirit for themselves. Alternate translation: “get for yourselves new emotions and a new way of thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 18 31 lt9c figs-rquestion 0 Why should you die, house of Israel? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to comfort the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “There is no reason for you to die, house of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -1083,11 +1011,9 @@ EZK 19 1 ehw2 figs-idiom 0 take up a lamentation This idiom means to sing a lam
EZK 19 2 ufs7 figs-rquestion 0 Who was your mother? Yahweh asks this ask a leading question in order to introduce the answer. Alternate translation: “This is who your mother is.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 19 2 s6ne 0 lioness a female lion
EZK 19 4 bw46 figs-activepassive 0 He was caught in their trap This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They caught him in their trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 5 ta9x figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 19 7 fcl5 0 He seized their widows Alternate translation: “He seized the widows of the men whom he devoured”
EZK 19 7 kl3g figs-activepassive 0 The land and its fullness were abandoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People abandoned the land and its fullness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 7 sd5e 0 its fullness Alternate translation: “everything in it”
EZK 19 8 la27 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 19 8 f365 0 from the surrounding provinces Alternate translation: “from the provinces surrounding the land of Israel”
EZK 19 8 wx8x figs-activepassive 0 He was caught in their trap This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They caught him in their trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 9 uv2e figs-activepassive 0 his voice would no longer be heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people would no longer hear his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1095,11 +1021,9 @@ EZK 19 10 rhn9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of the nation
EZK 19 10 aw92 figs-metonymy 0 a vine planted in your blood Possible meanings are that **blood** represents (1) the violence of the kings of Judah who had murdered people. Alternate translation: “a vine planted by means of violence” or (2) The plentiful wine of Judah which had become a symbol of prosperity. Alternate translation: “a vine planted in your prosperity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
EZK 19 11 z86b figs-activepassive 0 strong branches that were used for rulers’ scepters This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “branches strong enough that people used them for rulers’ scepters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 11 p752 figs-activepassive 0 its height was seen by the greatness of its foliage This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people could see how tall it was by the greatness of its foliage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 12 zm2a figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell a story in which the nation of Israel is a vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 19 12 a6cn figs-activepassive 0 the vine was uprooted in fury and thrown down This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down” or “people uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 12 uxu6 figs-activepassive 0 Its strong branches were broken off and withered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh broke off its strong branches and they withered” or “People broke off its strong branches and they withered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 19 13 cc66 figs-metaphor 0 in a land of drought and thirst The very dry land is spoken of as if it were thirsty. Alternate translation: “in a very dry land of drought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 19 14 xs8a figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell a story in which the nation of Israel is a vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 19 14 tj4h figs-explicit 0 no scepter to rule The implicit information may be supplied from [Ezekiel 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “no branch strong enough for a ruler’s scepter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 19 14 yvu7 figs-activepassive 0 will be sung as a lamentation This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must sing it as a lamentation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 intro ivu9 0 # Ezekiel 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rebels cannot ask for help<br><br>The people of Israel have rebelled against God again and again. Now they cannot come to God for help in their troubles.
@ -1117,12 +1041,10 @@ EZK 20 5 y373 translate-symaction 0 I … raised my hand to swear an oath Here
EZK 20 5 b65p figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate “the house of” as in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 6 ay9x figs-metaphor 0 It was flowing with milk and honey “It was a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed.” Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “It was land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 6 mhv7 figs-metaphor 0 the most beautiful ornament among all the lands The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. Alternate translation: “the most beautiful of all lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 7 s5ny 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.
EZK 20 7 q74k 0 to them Alternate translation: “to the descendants of the house of Jacob”
EZK 20 7 neb8 figs-metaphor 0 the detestable things from before his eyes Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. Alternate translation: “the detestable things that he worships” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 7 uyy1 0 the idols of Egypt Alternate translation: “throw away the idols of Egypt”
EZK 20 7 gnz8 figs-metaphor 0 Do not make yourselves unclean A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 8 asl8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.
EZK 20 8 vk1e 0 they rebelled against me The word “they” refers to “the descendants of the house of Jacob.”
EZK 20 8 f9qd 0 were unwilling to listen to me Alternate translation: “would not obey me”
EZK 20 8 t2sa figs-metaphor 0 the detestable things from before his eyes Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. Alternate translation: “the detestable things that he worshiped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1134,10 +1056,8 @@ EZK 20 9 v6br figs-metonymy 0 the nations The word “nations” is a metonym f
EZK 20 9 q34i 0 they were staying Alternate translation: “they were living”
EZK 20 9 l5wv figs-idiom 0 I made myself known to them, in their eyes Here the word “them” refers to the nations. The idiom “in their eyes” refers to being in a position where people can see. Alternate translation: “I revealed myself to them, in their presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 20 9 xrt5 0 bringing them Alternate translation: “bringing the people of Israel”
EZK 20 10 bsr8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.
EZK 20 10 kfp5 0 I sent them The word “them” refers to “the descendants of the house of Jacob.”
EZK 20 12 fk4k figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 20 13 tps7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.
EZK 20 13 tib6 figs-metaphor 0 They did not walk in my statutes Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which a person walks. Alternate translation: “They did not obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 13 nm2z figs-metaphor 0 I would pour out my fury upon them Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](../20/08.md). Alternate translation: “I would act against them in my fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 13 gx9w figs-euphemism 0 in order to end them The euphemism “to end them” refers to killing them. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -1145,7 +1065,6 @@ EZK 20 14 c3av figs-metonymy 0 I acted for my name’s sake Here the word “na
EZK 20 14 ggw2 figs-activepassive 0 so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 14 xp8w figs-metonymy 0 in the eyes of the nations Here the “nations” refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “in the thoughts of the people in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 14 y8dj 0 in whose sight I had brought them out of Egypt Alternate translation: “in whose presence I brought my people out of Egypt”
EZK 20 15 sq7n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.
EZK 20 15 njm6 translate-symaction 0 I myself also raised my hand to swear an oath Here “raised my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:5](../20/05.md). Alternate translation: “I myself also solemnly swore an oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 20 15 s8f7 0 to them Alternate translation: “to the house of Israel”
EZK 20 15 h643 figs-metaphor 0 a land flowing with milk and honey “a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed.” Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “a land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1153,51 +1072,41 @@ EZK 20 15 y61y figs-metaphor 0 the most beautiful ornament among all the lands
EZK 20 16 q585 figs-metaphor 0 did not walk in my statutes Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if they were a path along which a person walks. Alternate translation: “did not obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 16 pyd3 figs-metonymy 0 their hearts walked after their idols Here the word “heart” represents the person’s thoughts and emotions. Yahweh speaks of being dedicated to idols as if a person’s heart walked after them. Alternate translation: “they were dedicated to worshiping their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 17 h6sc figs-synecdoche 0 my eye spared them Here the word “eye” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I spared them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 20 18 qn26 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.
EZK 20 18 t5sb figs-metaphor 0 Do not walk in the statutes of your fathers Yahweh speaks of a person obeying statutes as if the statutes were paths along with a person walks. Alternate translation: “Do not obey the statutes of your parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 19 v6uh figs-metaphor 0 walk in my statutes Yahweh speaks of a person obeying statutes as if the statutes were paths along with a person walks. Alternate translation: “Do not obey the statutes of your parents … obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 19 ylm6 figs-doublet 0 keep my decrees and obey them To “keep” Yahweh’s decrees is the same as to “obey them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 20 21 j2qb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.
EZK 20 21 qe7t figs-metaphor 0 They did not walk in my statutes Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “They did not obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 21 l6ya figs-metaphor 0 to pour out my fury upon them Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](../20/08.md). Alternate translation: “to act against them in my fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 22 cw43 figs-synecdoche 0 I turned my hand away Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh and turning his hand away means that he does not do what he was going to do. Alternate translation: “But I did not do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 20 22 lzk8 figs-metonymy 0 for my name’s sake Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 22 k2x8 figs-activepassive 0 so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 22 m6pp figs-metonymy 0 in the eyes of the nations Here the “nations” refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the thoughts of the people in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 23 ah7k 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.
EZK 20 23 swz3 translate-symaction 0 I myself also lifted up my hand to swear Here “lifted up my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I myself also solemnly swore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 20 23 d6f9 figs-parallelism 0 scatter them among the nations and disperse them among the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). Alternate translation: “cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 20 24 r381 figs-synecdoche 0 Their eyes were longing after their fathers’ idols Here the word “eyes” represents the person who looks to the idols to worship them. Alternate translation: “They were longing after their fathers’ idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 20 25 w1tt 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel.
EZK 20 25 r4jl 0 Then I also gave them statutes that were not good, and decrees by which they could not live The words statutes in this phrase do not refer to God’s law. God permitted them to live by human laws and judgments that were not good.
EZK 20 25 za7n 0 gave them The word “them” refers to the children of those whom Yahweh brought out of Egypt.
EZK 20 26 wj9a figs-explicit 0 they made a sacrifice of every firstborn of the womb The phrase “firstborn of the womb” refers to the firstborn child of a woman. The phrase “made a sacrifice” can be translated with the verb “sacrifice.” Alternate translation: “they sacrificed every woman’s firstborn child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 20 29 q226 figs-rquestion 0 What is this high place where you bring offerings there? Yahweh asks this question in order to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “This is not a high place where you are to bring offerings!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 20 29 c1ae figs-activepassive 0 the name is called Bamah The name “Bamah” means “high place,” a place for worshiping idols. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people have called that place Bamah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 30 buq3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 20 30 usg4 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you make yourselves unclean with the ways of your fathers? Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You should not make yourselves unclean by doing the things that your fathers did.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 20 30 vms1 figs-metaphor 0 Why do you make yourselves unclean A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 30 iz7z figs-rquestion 0 So why do you act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things? Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You should not act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 20 30 l4ea figs-simile 0 why do you act like prostitutes Yahweh speaks of the people being unfaithful to him as if they were acting like women who sleep with men to whom they are not married. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 20 31 b4ay figs-rquestion 0 So why should I let you seek me, house of Israel? Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “I will not let you come close to me, house of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 20 33 eu6g 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 20 33 ad5k figs-metonymy 0 with a mighty hand, a raised arm The words “hand” and “arm” both represent power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 20 33 d5h5 figs-metaphor 0 fury that will be poured out on you Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if the fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “fury that I will pour out on you” or “I will express my fury towards you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 34 tam7 figs-activepassive 0 among whom you have been scattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “among whom I have scattered you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 36 yke5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 20 37 vi6t figs-metaphor 0 I will cause you to pass under my rod This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his staff. This could mean: (1) Yahweh will count his people whom he gathers from the nations to ensure that they are all present. Alternate translation: “I will count you carefully as a shepherd counts his sheep” or (2) Yahweh will inspect each person as they pass under his staff in order to separate the faithful from the unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will inspect you carefully as a shepherd inspects his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 39 aw31 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 20 39 gb75 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 39 tsi3 0 to listen to me Alternate translation: “to obey me” or “to pay attention to me”
EZK 20 39 ym44 figs-metonymy 0 profane my holy name Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “dishonor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 20 40 da7d 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 20 40 s7hu 0 to require your offerings Alternate translation: “to require you to bring your offerings”
EZK 20 40 idl2 figs-metaphor 0 the firstfruits of your tribute Yahweh speaks of the best things among all that they give to him as if they were “firstfruits.” Alternate translation: “the best of your contributions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 40 tl2m 0 your holy things Alternate translation: “the offerings that you set aside to give to me”
EZK 20 41 t8i1 figs-metaphor 0 I will accept you like fragrant incense Yahweh speaks of his people worshiping him as they should as if the people themselves were the incense offering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 20 41 ihb7 figs-parallelism 0 bring you out from the peoples and gather you out of the countries These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will bring his people back from all of the nations to which he had scattered them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:34](../20/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 20 41 wmu4 figs-activepassive 0 where you have been scattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where I have scattered you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 42 i8eq 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 20 42 dm9p translate-symaction 0 I have lifted up my hand to swear Here “lifted up my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I have solemnly sworn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 20 43 q5sv figs-idiom 0 you will call to mind This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “you will remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 20 43 qyk3 figs-metaphor 0 you defiled yourselves A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were defiled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1209,7 +1118,6 @@ EZK 20 46 htt4 figs-metonymy 0 set your face Here “face” is a metonym for a
EZK 20 47 s2sk figs-activepassive 0 The fiery flame will not be quenched This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The fiery flame will not go out” or “No one will be able to quench the fiery flame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 47 d21g figs-activepassive 0 every face from the south to the north will be burned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the fire will burn every face from the south to the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 47 e2zx figs-synecdoche 0 every face from the south to the north Here the word “face” represents the person. By mentioning the opposite directions, Yahweh refers to everyone who lives in the north, in the south, and everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “every person who lives in that area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EZK 20 48 ej7i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the forest of the Negev.
EZK 20 48 i6we figs-metonymy 0 all flesh will see Here the word “flesh” represents all humans. The idiom to “see” means to understand. Alternate translation: “all people will understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 20 48 ndc1 figs-activepassive 0 it will not be quenched This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will not go out” or “no one will quench it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 20 49 uy57 0 Alas a word that expresses distress or grief
@ -1223,7 +1131,6 @@ EZK 21 3 is8f figs-metaphor 0 I will draw my sword from its sheath and cut off
EZK 21 3 k8kd 0 the righteous person and the wicked person “righteous people and wicked people.” This refers to multiple people, not just one righteous person and one wicked person.
EZK 21 3 ch9n 0 sheath something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it
EZK 21 3 vyg4 figs-euphemism 0 cut off This is a euphemism that means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 21 4 xv4h 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the land of Israel.
EZK 21 4 l13c figs-euphemism 0 cut off This is a euphemism that means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 21 4 x4hz figs-nominaladj 0 the righteous … the wicked This refers to righteous and wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous … those who are wicked” or “the righteous people … the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 21 4 g8nl 0 from you Alternate translation: “among you”
@ -1282,7 +1189,6 @@ EZK 21 17 asm7 translate-symaction 0 hit my two hands together “clap my hands
EZK 21 18 nz8n figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me again The phrase “the word of Yahweh came” is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke to me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 21 19 m4nn figs-metonymy 0 the sword of the king of Babylon The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “the soldiers of the king of Babylon” or “the Babylonian army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 19 ym34 figs-explicit 0 a signpost will mark one of them as leading to a city This is a sign posted where the road divides into two roads. Alternate translation: “a sign will be posted where the road divides into two roads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 21 21 wf4x 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message.
EZK 21 21 g5fx figs-parallelism 0 at the crossroads, at the junction Both of these phrases refer to the place where the two roads meet. Alternate translation: “at the crossroads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 21 21 n1gp 0 He will shake some arrows and ask direction from some idols and he will examine a liver These are divination practices.
EZK 21 22 ccu9 figs-metonymy 0 In his right hand will be an omen about Jerusalem This means the he will hold one of the articles of his divination that was read as an omen against Jerusalem in his right hand. Alternate translation: “In his right hand will be an article of divination with an omen against Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1290,7 +1196,6 @@ EZK 21 22 iw1d 0 battering rams A battering ram was a cut tree or large log wi
EZK 21 22 q1zh 0 to build a ramp These were large dirt ramps that the Babylonian soldiers built so that they could get onto the walls of Jerusalem.
EZK 21 22 nzg7 0 siege towers These were wooden towers that the Babylonian soldiers built around Jerusalem to enable them to shoot arrows over the walls of Jerusalem.
EZK 21 23 a1iv figs-metaphor 0 in the eyes of the ones in Jerusalem The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the thoughts of the people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 24 b96q 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem.
EZK 21 24 g6jh 0 Because you have made your guilt to be remembered Alternate translation: “Because you remind me of your iniquity”
EZK 21 24 w4vc figs-activepassive 0 you will be taken in hand This can be stated in active form. The “enemy’s hand” represents the enemy’s control. Alternate translation: “your enemy will take you in his hand” or “your enemies will capture you and take you into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 25 ihj3 0 General Information: Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Israel.
@ -1310,7 +1215,6 @@ EZK 21 29 qi4r figs-metaphor 0 empty visions This speaks of visions being false
EZK 21 29 gji8 figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 21 29 la5c figs-activepassive 0 who are about to be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who are about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 21 29 a8rs figs-idiom 0 whose day of punishment has come and whose time of iniquity is about to end The phrases “day of” and “time of” are idioms. Alternate translation: “for the time has come for them to be punished and for their iniquity to end” or “for the time has come for me to punish them and for them to no longer be able to commit wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 21 30 n3xh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon.
EZK 21 30 r5ab figs-metaphor 0 Return the sword to its sheath “Later the sword will be put back in its sheath.” This speaks of the soldiers withdrawing from attacking Jerusalem, by saying that Yahweh’s sword is put back in its sheath. Alternate translation: “But later the soldiers will return their swords to their sheaths, for the time of slaughter will be over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 21 30 ge15 0 sheath This is something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:3](../21/03.md).
EZK 21 30 g9uy figs-abstractnouns 0 In the place of your creation The word “creation” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “In the place that I created you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1318,7 +1222,6 @@ EZK 21 31 dm1x figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out my indignation on you This speak
EZK 21 31 iui1 figs-metaphor 0 I will fan the fire of my rage against you This compares Yahweh’s rage to a consuming fire. Alternate translation: “I will bring my rage upon you like a blazing fire” or “I will punish you in my fierce anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 21 31 nc5u figs-metonymy 0 the hand of cruel men The “hand” of the men refers to their control. Alternate translation: “the control of cruel men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 21 31 z1g9 0 craftsmen of destruction Alternate translation: “men who cause great destruction”
EZK 21 32 dlw5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon.
EZK 21 32 cv2j 0 You will become fuel for the fire Alternate translation: “The fire will burn up your bodies”
EZK 21 32 w6d5 0 Your blood will be in the midst of the land Alternate translation: “Your blood will soak into the ground of your land”
EZK 21 32 h97t figs-activepassive 0 You will not be remembered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will remember you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1333,7 +1236,6 @@ EZK 22 3 u3b4 figs-metonymy 0 This is a city that pours … her midst Here the
EZK 22 3 v7a4 figs-metaphor 0 that pours out blood in her midst The word “blood” is a metonym for murder. Alternate translation: “where many people murder their neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 3 j6ka figs-explicit 0 so that her time may come This refers to the time when Yahweh will destroy them. Alternate translation: “so that the time of her destruction may come” or “so that the time may come for her to be destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 22 3 ujd2 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 4 lth2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak through Ezekiel to the people of Jerusalem.
EZK 22 4 u2vl figs-metaphor 0 by the blood that you have poured out This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: “because you murdered innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 4 lxu6 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 4 b7gh figs-idiom 0 You have drawn your days to a close, and the end of your years has come The images of days being brought to a close and years coming to an end are both idioms representing ending by death or by destruction. By saying that Jerusalem has brough her days to a close, Yahweh implies that Jerusalem would soon be destroyed because of the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “Because of these things you have done, you are approaching the end of your time” or “You are bringing your existence to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] )
@ -1352,7 +1254,6 @@ EZK 22 7 b8l5 0 within you … in your midst … within you Yahweh speaks to t
EZK 22 7 rd1h 0 performed oppression on Alternate translation: “oppressed”
EZK 22 9 x1yw figs-explicit 0 they eat on the mountains Here “the mountains” refer to the altars on the mountains that are dedicated to idols. They men eat meat that has been sacrificed to the idols in order to be have the blessing of false gods. Alternate translation: “they eat the meat that has been sacrificed to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 22 9 n1r9 0 perform wickedness in your midst Alternate translation: “do evil things among you”
EZK 22 10 e53w figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: God continues to speak through Ezekiel about the terrible things that the people of Jerusalem have done. He speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if they were the city itself, and of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. The word “you” is always feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 10 zj5w figs-apostrophe 0 Within you In all instances of this phrase, the writer refers to the people of Jerusalem as if they were the city itself, and of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “within this city” or “among you people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 10 r52h figs-euphemism 0 men uncover the nakedness of their father This means that a son sleeps with his father’s wife. Alternate translation: “there are men who sleep with their father’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 22 10 d8i1 figs-explicit 0 they have violated unclean women during their menstrual period These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. Alternate translation: “They have raped unclean women during their menstrual period” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1363,7 +1264,6 @@ EZK 22 12 tf3b 0 interest This word refers to the money paid by a person to us
EZK 22 12 zdw2 figs-explicit 0 you have damaged your neighbors through oppression This means that they have oppressed their neighbors by charging them too much interest. Alternate translation: “you have oppressed your neighbors and made them poor” or “you have made your neighbors poor by charging too much interest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 22 12 jp8b figs-metaphor 0 you have forgotten me Refusing to obey Yahweh is like forgetting that he exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 12 al1x figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 22 13 g7vk figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem by speaking directly to the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 13 b8at translate-symaction 0 With my hand I have struck “I have shaken my fist against” or “I have clapped my hands against.” This is a symbolic action that shows anger and disapproval. Alternate translation: “I have shown my anger and disapproval against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 22 13 vvt6 0 the bloodshed that is done in the midst of you Alternate translation: “the murder that people commit in you”
EZK 22 14 i494 figs-rquestion 0 Will your heart stand, will your hands be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize how hurt they will be when he punishes them. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your heart will not stand and your hands will not be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -1380,7 +1280,6 @@ EZK 22 18 nd5i figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel has The word “house” is
EZK 22 18 q3kz figs-metaphor 0 has become dross to me Dross is the impurities that are left over after silver or gold has been purified in a furnace. Here Yahweh speaks of the people being worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: “has become as worthless to me as dross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 18 apn9 figs-metaphor 0 All of them are the leftovers of bronze and tin … like the dross of silver in your furnace Yahweh continues to speaks about how the people have become worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: “All of them are as worthless as the leftover of bronze and tin, and iron and lead that remain after you melt silver in the furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 19 g5k4 0 behold Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
EZK 22 20 c4pc figs-metaphor 0 General Information: God continues to describe his punishment of the people of Israel in Jerusalem as if they were metals that he was melting and purifying in a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 20 z88f figs-abstractnouns 0 I will gather you in my anger and my wrath The phrases with “anger” and “wrath” are used together to emphasize that he was extremely angry. Alternate translation: “Because of my great anger and wrath, I will gather you” or “I will be furiously angry with you, and I will gather you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 22 21 z69y figs-metaphor 0 I will gather you and blow on you the fire of my wrath This is the image of a person gathering the metals in the furnace and blowing the fire to make it hotter. Yahweh speaks of the greatness of his wrath as if it were a fire that he was blowing to make it hotter. Alternate translation: “I will gather you, and my wrath will be like a fire that I will blow on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 22 22 mk5l 0 you will be melted in it The word “it” refers to Jerusalem.
@ -1415,7 +1314,6 @@ EZK 22 31 v2tp figs-metaphor 0 pour out my indignation upon them This speaks of
EZK 22 31 l4q3 0 indignation anger of a person who has suffered injustice
EZK 22 31 dh4t figs-metaphor 0 I will finish them with the fire of my indignation This speaks of how harsh Yahweh’s judgement is by comparing it to a fire. Here destroying the people is referred to as “finishing” them. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them with my wrath which is as intense as a blazing fire” or “I will destroy them with my wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 23 intro tr7w 0 # Ezekiel 23 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Israel and Judah have been unfaithful to God by worshiping idols. They are compared to two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 1 q5z2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of how the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him in a metaphor in which he refers to them as two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 1 n9qw figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 2 z293 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 23 3 rn52 figs-activepassive 0 Their breasts were squeezed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Men squeezed their breasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1425,41 +1323,32 @@ EZK 23 4 dt7j figs-explicit 0 they became mine This means that he married them
EZK 23 4 v1jc figs-metaphor 0 Their names mean this: Oholah means Samaria, and Oholibah means Jerusalem “Oholah represents Samaria, and Oholibah represents Jerusalem.” In this metaphor Samaria is spoken of as if it were Oholah and Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were Oholibah. This speaks of how these cities were unfaithful to Yahweh as if they were unfaithful wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 4 gq1j translate-names 0 Oholah This is the name of a woman that means “her tent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 23 4 v8en translate-names 0 Oholibah This is the name of a woman that means “my tent is in her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 23 5 g9a2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 5 bdi2 figs-explicit 0 when she was mine This refers to when she was his wife. Alternate translation: “while she was still my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 5 w61b 0 who were dominant Alternate translation: “who ruled over her”
EZK 23 7 mie9 0 all the best of Assyria’s men This identifies who the word “them” refers to.
EZK 23 7 kx3n figs-explicit 0 she made herself unclean with everyone she lusted for—and with all their idols This implies that she slept with all of these men and worshiped the idols they worshiped. Alternate translation: “she made herself unclean by sleeping with everyone she lusted for and by worshiping all their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 7 gtx5 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 8 a7ns figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 8 j6if figs-metaphor 0 poured out their lust upon her This speaks of lust as if it were a large amount of water that they were pouring out on her. Alternate translation: “to act lustfully toward her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 9 lch3 figs-metonymy 0 I gave her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians The word “hand” refers to power or control. The two phrases have the same meaning and the second phrase explains that “her lovers” were “the Assyrians.” Alternate translation: “I gave her over to her lovers, the Assyrians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 23 10 e3uw figs-idiom 0 they executed judgment on her This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they talked about her disgrace” or “she had a bad reputation among them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 11 hsw2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 11 zbu6 translate-names 0 Oholibah This is the name of a woman that means “my tent is in her.” See how you translated this name in [Ezekiel 23:4](../23/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 23 13 jv3w figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 13 c3am figs-explicit 0 It was the same for both sisters This refers to how they had both made themselves unclean. Alternate translation: “Both sisters became unclean through their acts of prostitution” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 14 z15h figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 15 tmh2 0 turbans hats made out of long cloth and wrapped around the top of a man’s head
EZK 23 15 d6xq figs-abstractnouns 0 had the appearance of officers of chariot troops, the likeness of sons The abstract nouns “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “appeared the way officers of chariot troops do, and they looked like sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 23 15 ae9b 0 chariot troops soldiers who drive chariots and who run ahead of and beside them
EZK 23 15 af5n 0 sons of Babylonia Alternate translation: “Babylonians”
EZK 23 16 g668 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 17 pxm6 figs-explicit 0 her bed of lust This refers to her bed where she slept with men and acted lustfully. Alternate translation: “her bed where she acted lustfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 17 wf38 figs-explicit 0 they made her unclean with their promiscuousness This means that they slept with the woman. Alternate translation: “they slept with her and made her unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 17 vew5 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 17 q8ct figs-idiom 0 so she turned herself away from them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “so she rejected them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 18 spv3 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 20 ey5g figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 20 hg43 figs-simile 0 whose private parts were like those of donkeys This compares the size of the mens’ private parts to those of a donkey to show how wicked Oholibah’s desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be as large as those of a donkey. Alternate translation: “whose private parts were very long, like those of a donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 23 20 cs4h figs-simile 0 whose reproductive emissions were like those of horses This compares the volume of the mens’ emissions to those of a horse to show how wicked Oholibah’s desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be like those of a horse. Alternate translation: “whose reproductive emissions were huge, like those of a horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 23 22 yw7s figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 22 f3fw 0 Behold! “Listen!” The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 23 22 e1zm 0 I will bring them against you from every side Alternate translation: “I will cause them to attack you from all directions”
EZK 23 23 b6g9 figs-hyperbole 0 the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them This does not refer to all of the people who live in these places, but rather to soldiers from there. Alternate translation: “soldiers from Babylon and all of Chaldea, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the soldiers of Assyria with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 23 23 j89j translate-names 0 Pekod, Shoa, and Koa These are the names places in Babylonia. These places represent the soldiers from these places. Alternate translation: “those from Pekod, Shoa, and Koa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 23 znx2 0 strong, handsome men, governors and commanders … all of them riding on horses This is the description of the men of Assyria that Oholah had slept with who are now turning against her. This is similar to the description given in [Ezekiel 23:6](../23/06.md).
EZK 23 24 fh9y figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 24 ggm4 figs-idiom 0 will come against you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 23 24 pyq5 0 with weapons The Hebrew word translated here as “weapons” is rare. Many modern versions translate it in this way, but some versions leave this phrase out.
EZK 23 24 nr1r figs-metonymy 0 They will set large shields, small shields, and helmets against you all around These defensive items are used to refer to various types of soldiers. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will attack you on all sides carrying large shields, small shields, and wearing helmets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1467,28 +1356,23 @@ EZK 23 25 i8jn figs-metaphor 0 For I will set my jealous anger on you, and they
EZK 23 25 uwb6 figs-explicit 0 They will cut off your noses and your ears This describes the punishment in Babylon for married women who slept with men that are not their husbands. Alternate translation: “They will punish you as an adulteress, by cutting of your noses and your ears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 25 f1n5 figs-euphemism 0 your survivors will fall by the sword The word “fall” is a euphemism for “die.” The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill with swords. Alternate translation: “men will kill your survivors with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 25 ay3m figs-personification 0 your survivors will be devoured by fire This speaks of the survivors being burned by fire as if the fire were an animal attacking and eating them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your survivors will be burned by fire” or “fire will burn your survivors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 23 26 h17p figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 27 e5hm figs-explicit 0 from the land of Egypt This refers to her prostitution as beginning in Egypt. Alternate translation: “which you began in the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 27 ygi8 figs-metaphor 0 You will not lift up your eyes toward them with longing This is a way to refer to a person turning their head to look at something. Here looking represents desire. Alternate translation: “You will not look toward them with longing” or “You will not desire these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 27 sh71 figs-metonymy 0 you will think of Egypt no longer Here “Egypt” represents the shameful things that she did in Egypt. Alternate translation: “you will think about the things you did in Egypt no longer” or “you will not think about what you did in Egypt any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 28 q8gn figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 28 a7lw 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
EZK 23 28 vhb4 figs-explicit 0 give you into the hand of the ones you hate … into the hand of the ones from whom you had turned away These two phrases have the same meaning. It means that they will be captured by the men they used to prostitute themselves to. Alternate translation: “allow you to be captured by those you hate and had turned away from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 28 krd4 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 29 xqa4 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing and emphasize that she will be completely uncovered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 23 29 pgf4 figs-activepassive 0 your nakedness will be uncovered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will reveal your nakedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 23 30 u4x2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 30 n3n4 figs-activepassive 0 These things will be done to you in your acting “These things will be done to you because you have acted.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These things will happen to you because you have acted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 23 30 i1mg figs-metonymy 0 acting like a prostitute, lusting after nations Ezekiel speaks of Oholibah, who represents Judah ([Ezekiel 23:4](../23/04.md)), as if she were a prostitute sleeping with the men of many nations for money. He wants the people of Judah to understand that Yahweh to punish them because they were worshiping the idols of other nations so they could get those nations’ wealth and power. Alternate translation: “acting like a prostitute, lusting after men of other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 30 x6mb figs-explicit 0 became unclean with their idols She became unclean by worshiping the idols. Alternate translation: “became unclean by worshiping their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 23 30 d56z figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 31 v34p figs-metaphor 0 so I will put her cup of punishment into your hand This refers to Oholibah’s punishment that she will receive as if it were a cup of wine. Alternate translation: “so I will cause you to be punished in the same way as your sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 32 b3qz figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 32 h9zx figs-metonymy 0 You will drink your sister’s cup Here Yahweh speaks of punishment as if it were a cup of wine the woman drank. Alternate translation: “You will drink the same cup of punishment as your sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 32 tf7m figs-metonymy 0 your sister’s cup that is Here the “cup” represents what is in the cup. Alternate translation: “from your sister’s cup that is” or “all that is in your sister’s cup, and her cup is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 32 dj8d figs-parallelism 0 a laughingstock … a subject for derision Both of these phrases refer to a person who is laughed at and criticized because of their foolish behavior. Derision is mocking or ridiculing something or someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 23 32 w3yx figs-ellipsis 0 this cup contains a great amount This sentence does not say what is in the cup because it is understood by reading [Ezekiel 23:31](../23/31.md). Alternate translation: “this cup contains a great amount of punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 23 33 q7hx figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 33 g6dn figs-metaphor 0 You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow This speaks of being very drunk and full of sorrow as if drunkenness and sorrow were things that filled her body. Alternate translation: “You will become very drunk and very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 33 pw5b figs-doublet 0 the cup of horror and devastation “the cup that causes horror and devastation.” The words “horror” and “devastation” share similar meanings here and emphasize how terrible her punishment will be. Alternate translation: “for what is in that cup causes horror and devastation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 23 33 t7dj figs-metaphor 0 the cup of your sister Samaria Oholibah’s sister Oholah represents Samaria. Samaria is called by it’s name but still referred to as a sister. The cup is a symbol for the punishment that she received. Alternate translation: “for this is the same cup of punishment that your sister, who represents Samaria, drank” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1509,12 +1393,10 @@ EZK 23 40 ale7 0 you bathed, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewe
EZK 23 40 k1au figs-you 0 you bathed Here the word “you” switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 23 41 j4l7 figs-you 0 you sat Here the word “you” switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 23 41 mnk9 0 my incense and my oil These are items used in worship to Yahweh.
EZK 23 42 n4zw figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 42 jt3b figs-metonymy 0 So the sound of a noisy crowd was around her The sound of the crowd is used to refer to the crowd of people. Alternate translation: “So there was a noisy crowd around her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 23 42 t1ly 0 was around her … on their hands This verse begins by referring to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. In the second part of the verse it switches back to referring to both sisters with the word “their.” Alternate translation: “was around her … on her and her sister’s hands”
EZK 23 42 b87k figs-activepassive 0 Sabeans were brought This can be stated in active form. The word “Sabeans” refers to people from Sheba. Alternate translation: “Sabeans had come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 23 42 d9u6 0 they put bracelets The word “they” refers to the men.
EZK 23 43 upm3 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 23 43 wi7x 0 her who was worn out … with her, and she with them This refers to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here.
EZK 23 44 ea8z 0 They went in to her, as men go in to a prostitute They had sexual relations with her in the same way that men have sexual relations with a prostitute.
EZK 23 44 ult7 0 They went in to her Alternate translation: “They went in to where she was” or “They went to her”
@ -1536,30 +1418,25 @@ EZK 24 1 zmw7 translate-ordinal 0 in the ninth year “in year 9.” This refer
EZK 24 1 n6gx translate-hebrewmonths 0 the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month “the tenth day of the tenth month” or “the 10th day of the 10th month.” This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 24 2 i79z 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
EZK 24 2 ve79 figs-metonymy 0 the king of Babylon has besieged The army of Babylon is referred to by its leader. Alternate translation: “the army of the king of Babylon has besieged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 3 i8ft figs-parables 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](../24/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 24 3 xw29 figs-metonymy 0 this rebellious house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “this rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 4 cet6 figs-synecdoche 0 Gather pieces of food Here “food” refers specifically to meat. Alternate translation: “Place pieces of meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 24 5 g2dh 0 the best of the flock Here the “flock” refers to sheep, not birds.
EZK 24 5 h692 figs-explicit 0 pile up the bones under it Some cultures add bones to a fire because they burn longer than wood. This refers to the bones that remained after the best bones were placed in the pot. Alternate translation: “place the rest of the bones under the pot to fuel the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 24 6 bvi4 figs-parables 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](../24/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 24 6 j2jd figs-metonymy 0 the city of blood Here “blood” is a reference to “murder.” Alternate translation: “the city of murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 6 l7p7 figs-metaphor 0 a cooking pot Yahweh continues to compare Jerusalem to a cooking pot. Alternate translation: “it is like a cooking pot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 24 6 u69f 0 rust the red material that forms on metal. Rust eats away at metal and eventually destroys it
EZK 24 6 t39c 0 Take piece after piece Yahweh does not give this command to a specific person. This is a general command given to an unspecified person within this metaphor.
EZK 24 6 wge9 0 but do not cast lots for it Casting lots was a way of choosing which pieces of meat to take out, but because Yahweh wants to take out all of the pieces of meat, there is no need to cast lots.
EZK 24 7 dq7g figs-parables 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](../24/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 24 7 b2an figs-explicit 0 For her blood is in the midst of her This means that the blood from those who were murdered in Jerusalem is still there. Alternate translation: “For the blood of those who were murdered among her is still there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 24 7 e9bt 0 her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, which is represented by the cooking pot.
EZK 24 7 tij3 figs-personification 0 She has set it on the smooth rock; she has not poured it out on the ground to cover it with dust This personifies Jerusalem as a person who murdered the people and chose where to put their blood. Alternate translation: “They were murdered on the smooth rocks; not on the dirt where the dust would hide their blood” or “Their blood fell on the smooth rocks; it did not fall on the ground where the dust would cover it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 24 7 a5bz 0 has set it on the smooth rock Alternate translation: “has put the blood on bare rocks”
EZK 24 8 k2au figs-explicit 0 so it brings fury up to exact vengeance Here Yahweh is speaking about himself taking revenge on those who murdered the people in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in order that I could see it and then be angry and get revenge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 24 8 h9cs figs-activepassive 0 so it could not be covered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one could cover it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 24 9 cny3 figs-parables 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](../24/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 24 9 k8zi figs-metonymy 0 the city of blood Here “blood” is a reference to “murder.” Alternate translation: “the city of murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 9 b6ad figs-explicit 0 I will also enlarge the pile of wood It is implied that the pile of wood is under the cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. “I will make the pile of wood on the fire under you even bigger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 24 10 m3iu 0 kindle the fire Alternate translation: “light the fire”
EZK 24 10 vsz6 figs-activepassive 0 let the bones be charred This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “burn the bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 24 11 v897 figs-parables 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](../24/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 24 11 tn3f 0 scorch to burn the surface of something
EZK 24 11 f8sl figs-activepassive 0 so its uncleanness within it will be melted, its corrosion consumed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to melt the uncleanness within it and to consume its corrosion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 24 11 pz35 figs-metaphor 0 uncleanness A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1568,9 +1445,7 @@ EZK 24 11 g7q4 0 consumed burned away
EZK 24 12 pvf5 figs-metaphor 0 She has become weary Here the word “she” refers to the cooking pot. This is the cooking pot that is metaphorical for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem has become tired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 24 12 dph2 0 toil difficult labor
EZK 24 12 bj7t figs-idiom 0 but her corrosion has not gone out of her by the fire The phrase “has not gone out of her” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “but the fire did not burn away her corrosion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 24 13 i282 figs-parables 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](../24/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 24 13 f1bi figs-metonymy 0 until I have satisfied my fury upon you. This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people in his anger as if it were his “fury” that were punishing them. Alternate translation: “until I am finished punishing you and am no longer furious with you” or “until I have punished you and I am longer angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 24 14 ncp2 figs-parables 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through the end of this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 24 14 il2j 0 nor will I rest from it “nor will I rest from punishing you.” The word “it” refers to Yahweh punishing the people.
EZK 24 14 rdm6 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 24 15 cmi1 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1865,7 +1740,6 @@ EZK 28 6 p5is 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his mess
EZK 28 6 kas1 figs-metonymy 0 you have made your heart like the heart of a god Here “heart” represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. See how you translated the similar phrase in [Ezekiel 28:2](../28/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 28 7 nrp5 figs-abstractnouns 0 the beauty of your wisdom The abstract nouns “beauty” and “wisdom” can be translated using the adjective “beautiful” and the adverb “wisely.” Alternate translation: “the beautiful things that you have so wisely made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 7 b7md figs-abstractnouns 0 profane your splendor The abstract noun “splendor” can be translated using the adjective “splendid.” Alternate translation: “profane how splendid you are” or “defile how majestic you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 28 8 llb4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. The word “They” refers to foreign armies. The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the king of Tyre.
EZK 28 8 w6fj figs-metonymy 0 down to the pit Here “the pit” refers to the grave or to hell. Alternate translation: “down to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 28 8 t782 0 in the heart of the seas Alternate translation: “in the middle of the seas”
EZK 28 9 d3z2 figs-rquestion 0 Will you truly say, “I am a god” to the face of one who kills you? This question expects a negative answer to emphasize the irony when one who claims to be a god is destroyed by men. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not say ‘I am a god’ to the face of one who kills you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@ -1935,11 +1809,9 @@ EZK 29 2 xr1u 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is
EZK 29 2 ere5 translate-symaction 0 set your face against Pharaoh This is a command to stare at Pharaoh as a symbol of punishing him and his people. Pharaoh was far away, so Ezekiel could not see him, but staring in his direction would be a symbol of harming him and his people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “turn toward Pharaoh and stare” or “stare toward Pharaoh so that he and his people will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 29 2 tbn7 0 prophesy against him and against all of Egypt Alternate translation: “tell the terrible things that will happen to him and everyone in Egypt”
EZK 29 3 au6r writing-symlanguage 0 the great sea monster “the huge creature that lives in the water.” Yahweh calls Pharaoh a monster that lives in the water. The monster is probably a crocodile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
EZK 29 4 g7at writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh, speaking of him as though he were a monster in the water and the people of Egypt were fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
EZK 29 4 g15e 0 hooks sharp and bent pieces of metal or wood that people use to catch fish and other animals in the water
EZK 29 4 f9rd 0 scales hard pieces of skin that are on fish, crocodiles, and other animals
EZK 29 5 ks6e figs-activepassive 0 you will not be gathered nor lifted up This can be stated in active form. The implication is that they would die in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “no one will gather you or pick you up” or “no one will gather your bodies and bury you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 29 6 uv91 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh.
EZK 29 6 csp3 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 29 6 kq2j figs-metaphor 0 they have been a reed stalk The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Egypt. A reed stalk is unreliable because it is easily broken. Yahweh speaks of them as a reed stalk because the people of Israel relied on the Egyptians to help them in war, but the Egyptians did not help them. Alternate translation: “they have been as unreliable as a reed stalk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 6 n6x3 0 reed a plant that grows near water and looks like very large grass
@ -1947,7 +1819,6 @@ EZK 29 6 z2bz 0 stalk the part of a reed that is long and like a thick stick.
EZK 29 7 nez2 figs-metaphor 0 When they took hold of you in their hand God speaks of Israel relying on Egypt as if they were taking hold of a reed stalk in order to use it as a crutch. Alternate translation: “When they relied on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 7 lg5c 0 When they took hold of you The word “they” refers to the Israelites and the word “you” refers to Pharaoh or Pharaoh and Egypt.
EZK 29 7 xp6x figs-metaphor 0 you caused their legs to be unsteady Because Egypt did not help the Israelites, the Israelites could not defend themselves against their enemy, the Babylonians. God speaks of the Israelites being unable to defend themselves as if their legs were unsteady. Alternate translation: “you caused them to be like people whose legs are unsteady” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 8 h87w 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh.
EZK 29 8 k7e5 0 Behold! This word adds emphasis to what is said next. This is the Lord’s message to Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
EZK 29 8 s3py figs-metonymy 0 I will bring a sword against you Here “sword” is a metonym for battle, and “bring a sword against you” is a metaphor for causing an enemy army to come fight against Egypt. Alternate translation: “I will cause your enemies to come fight against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 29 8 pv3c figs-you 0 a sword against you The word “you” refers to the nation of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -1959,18 +1830,15 @@ EZK 29 10 b3tw figs-merism 0 from the Migdol to Syene and the borders of Cush T
EZK 29 10 va76 translate-names 0 Migdol This is the name of a place in the far northern part of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 29 10 lb1i translate-names 0 Syene This the name of a town in southern Egypt. It is now called Aswan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 29 10 vn8c translate-names 0 the borders of Cush These borders of Cush were south of Syene. Some versions say Sudan or Ethiopia, the modern names of countries south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 29 11 g6ym 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh.
EZK 29 11 dk5j figs-synecdoche 0 No man’s foot will pass through it Here “man’s foot” represents people. Alternate translation: “No man will walk through the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 29 11 x4yx figs-synecdoche 0 no wild animal’s foot will pass through it Here “animal’s foot” represents animals. Alternate translation: “not even a wild animal will walk through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 29 12 b86m figs-abstractnouns 0 For I will make the land of Egypt a desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be expressed with the adjective “desolate.” Alternate translation: “For I will make the land of Egypt desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 29 12 ef3g figs-metonymy 0 I will scatter Egypt among the nations Here “Egypt” represents the people of Egypt, and “scatter” represents causing them to move to other places. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations” or “I will make the people of Egypt go and live among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 13 yv9v 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh.
EZK 29 13 kwt6 figs-metonymy 0 I will gather Egypt Here “Egypt” is a metonym for the people of Egypt, and “gather” is a metaphor for causing them to return to Egypt. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Egypt to return to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 13 k5h2 figs-activepassive 0 among whom they were scattered This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “among whom I scattered them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 29 14 ae9f figs-metaphor 0 I will restore the fortunes of Egypt The phrase “fortunes of Egypt” is a metaphor for the people of Egypt who had been taken away to other countries. Alternate translation: “I will bring back the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 14 c3md translate-names 0 the region of Pathros the southern part of Egypt between the Delta and the land of Cush. This is also called Upper Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 29 14 ug87 figs-metaphor 0 a lowly kingdom Here “lowly” represents unimportant. Alternate translation: “an unimportant kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 15 jgg2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh.
EZK 29 15 bd7q figs-metaphor 0 the lowliest of the kingdoms Here “lowliest” represents least important. Alternate translation: “the least important of the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 15 ff4u figs-metaphor 0 it will not be lifted up any more among the nations Here “be lifted up” represents becoming important. Alternate translation: “it will not become important again among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 29 15 grg4 figs-metaphor 0 I will diminish them “I will make them small.” Here “diminish them” represents making Egypt weak or unimportant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2089,7 +1957,6 @@ EZK 30 21 b22i figs-parables 0 I have broken the arm of Pharaoh Here “arm”
EZK 30 21 dz36 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
EZK 30 21 ts3a figs-activepassive 0 It has not been bound up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one has bound up his arm” or “No one has wrapped up his arm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 30 21 m4v7 0 or set to heal with a bandage Here “set to heal with a bandage” refers to the arm being wrapped tightly in a bandage so that the parts of the bone will stay together and heal.
EZK 30 22 gh9r figs-parables 0 General Information: God continues speaking of Pharaoh’s army as if it were a broken arm. He also speaks of strengthening the army of Babylon as if it were the arms of the king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 30 22 s55y 0 the Lord Yahweh says this See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:11](../03/11.md).
EZK 30 22 ywd2 0 both the strong one and the broken one Alternate translation: “both the arm that is healthy and the arm that is already broken”
EZK 30 22 ch9f 0 I will make the sword fall from his hand Alternate translation: “I will knock the sword out of Pharaoh’s hand”
@ -2099,7 +1966,6 @@ EZK 30 24 sg7g 0 I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon Alternate t
EZK 30 24 cq89 0 He will groan before the king of Babylon Alternate translation: “When the king of Babylon comes to attack Egypt, Pharaoh will groan.”
EZK 30 24 e6ip 0 groan A groan is a noise that people make when they have a lot of pain or are dying.
EZK 30 24 y8p3 0 with the groans of a dying man Alternate translation: “as a man who is dying groans” or “like a man who is dying”
EZK 30 25 rst2 figs-parables 0 General Information: God continues speaking of the armies of Egypt and Babylon as if the armies were the arms of their kings. He also speaks of making the army of Babylon strong to attack others as if he had a sword and put it in the Babylonian king’s hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
EZK 30 25 rjv6 figs-metonymy 0 For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon Here “arms” are a metonym for the army. Alternate translation: “I will make the army of the king of Babylon strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 25 wjm9 figs-metonymy 0 while Pharaoh’s arms will fall Here “Pharaoh’s arms” is a metonym for his army, and “will fall” represents being weak. Alternate translation: “but Pharaoh’s army will be unable to defeat enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 30 25 g2eq 0 Then they Here, the word **they** could refer to: (1) “the Egyptians” or (2) “all people who hear what Yahweh has done.”
@ -2119,7 +1985,6 @@ EZK 31 3 dm9d 0 the branches formed its treetop Some versions of the Bible tra
EZK 31 4 hgu1 0 Many waters made it tall Alternate translation: “Because the cedar had a lot of water, it grew very tall”
EZK 31 4 g9yr 0 the deep waters made it huge Alternate translation: “the water deep in the ground made the cedar grow very big”
EZK 31 4 we7t 0 for their channels stretched out to all the trees in the field Alternate translation: “and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field”
EZK 31 5 xpc9 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues.
EZK 31 5 i2i5 0 Its great height was more than any of the other trees in the field Alternate translation: “The cedar was taller than any of the other trees of the field”
EZK 31 5 a33e 0 its branches became very many Alternate translation: “it grew very many branches”
EZK 31 5 vt63 0 because of many waters as they grew Alternate translation: “because it had a lot of water”
@ -2127,7 +1992,6 @@ EZK 31 6 p46h 0 Every bird of the heavens nested in its branches Alternate tra
EZK 31 6 xq9w 0 while every living thing of the field gave birth to its young under its foliage Alternate translation: “and all of the creatures that live in the field gave birth under the cedar’s branches”
EZK 31 6 v3e6 figs-metonymy 0 All of the many nations lived under its shade “All of the great nations lived in the shade of that tree.” Here “nations” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people from all the nations lived in the shade of that tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 7 at82 0 it was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches Alternate translation: “It was beautiful because it was very big and its branches were very long”
EZK 31 8 v1ux 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues.
EZK 31 8 lcc8 figs-123person 0 Cedars in the garden of God could not equal it Since these were God’s words to Pharaoh, it can also be translated with the first person. Alternate translation: “The cedar trees in my garden were not as great as that tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 31 8 n5ax 0 the garden of God This is another way of referring to “the garden of Eden.”
EZK 31 8 hf16 figs-explicit 0 None among the cypress trees matched its branches Yahweh was comparing how many branches the trees had. Alternate translation: “None of the cypress trees had as many branches as the cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -2137,18 +2001,15 @@ EZK 31 8 w3nx translate-unknown 0 plane tree A plane tree was a large, leafy tr
EZK 31 8 cj56 0 was like it in its beauty Alternate translation: “was as beautiful as the cedar tree”
EZK 31 9 gqy2 0 I made it beautiful with its many branches Alternate translation: “I made the cedar beautiful by giving it many long branches”
EZK 31 9 bt1v 0 envied it Alternate translation: “were jealous of the cedar tree”
EZK 31 10 ki1u 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues.
EZK 31 10 faz5 figs-123person 0 Therefore the Lord Yahweh says this Since Yahweh is speaking this can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “Therefore, this is what I, Yahweh the Lord, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 31 10 k9ew 0 it set its treetop between its branches Some versions of the Bible translate this as “the top of the tree was in the clouds.” Alternate translation: “its top was above the branches of the other trees”
EZK 31 11 px3j figs-metonymy 0 I have given it into the hand of a mighty one of the nations The word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “I put it in the power of the strongest nation” or “I gave the strongest nation power over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 11 xdq6 0 I have thrown it out Alternate translation: “I sent the cedar away from the cedar’s land because the cedar was wicked”
EZK 31 12 cj68 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues.
EZK 31 12 m12k figs-abstractnouns 0 who were the terror of all the nations The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as “afraid.” And here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “who made the people of all the nations afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 12 cu9y 0 cut it off Alternate translation: “cut the cedar down”
EZK 31 12 jjb9 0 its boughs lay broken Alternate translation: “the foreigners broke the boughs of the cedar”
EZK 31 12 q3v2 0 boughs Boughs are very large branches that grow on trees. Usually, many smaller branches grow on the boughs.
EZK 31 12 nb2r 0 came out from under its shade Alternate translation: “left the shade of the cedar”
EZK 31 13 y7h4 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues.
EZK 31 13 if23 0 All the birds of the sky Alternate translation: “All the birds that fly in the sky”
EZK 31 13 yn66 0 rested on the trunk of the fallen tree Alternate translation: “rested on the remains of the cedar”
EZK 31 13 a9ul 0 trunk The trunk is a very thick part of the tree that comes out of the ground and holds up the rest of the tree.
@ -2159,19 +2020,16 @@ EZK 31 14 wzz1 0 that no other trees that grow beside the waters will reach up
EZK 31 14 s7d5 figs-activepassive 0 All of them have been assigned to death, to the earth below This can be stated in active form. And the abstract noun “death” can be stated “die.” Alternate translation: “For I made it so that they all will die and go deep under the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 31 14 atm7 0 among the children of humanity, with those that go down to the pit Alternate translation: “to be with those people who have died and gone down to the grave”
EZK 31 14 ne1g figs-metonymy 0 the pit This refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 15 zty8 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues. Here, Yahweh speaks about the great sadness caused by the tree being cut down as if even the waters, Lebanon, and the wild trees all mourned for the cedar.
EZK 31 15 qq6r figs-idiom 0 On the day when the cedar went down to Sheol The phrase “went down to Sheol” means “died.” Alternate translation: “On the day that the cedar died” or “On the day that the cedar was chopped down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 31 15 ry34 figs-abstractnouns 0 I brought mourning to the earth The abstract noun “mourning” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I caused the earth to mourn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 31 15 xaz6 figs-metaphor 0 I covered the deep waters over it The word “covered” possibly refers to putting on clothes for mourning. Alternate translation: “I made the water from the springs mourn for the cedar” or “it was as though the springs that watered it mourned for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 31 15 gx5u 0 I held back the ocean waters Alternate translation: “I kept the water in the ocean from watering the earth”
EZK 31 15 j8ug 0 I kept back the great waters Alternate translation: “I made it so that there would not be a lot of water anymore”
EZK 31 15 hv86 figs-abstractnouns 0 I brought mourning to Lebanon for him The abstract noun “mourning” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I made Lebanon mourn for the cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 31 16 i54z 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues.
EZK 31 16 i84r figs-idiom 0 when I threw it down to Sheol with those who went down into the pit Here “threw it down to Sheol” is an idiom that means to kill. “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:14](../31/14.md). Alternate translation: “when I killed the cedar and it went to Sheol with everyone else that is dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 16 cc1y figs-idiom 0 in the lowest parts of the earth “that were already deep down in the ground.” This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that had already died and are now in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 31 16 fpl1 0 the choicest and best trees of Lebanon; the trees that drank the waters “the best trees of Lebanon that everyone would want; trees that got a lot of water.” This is describing the trees of Eden that were in the lowest parts of the earth.
EZK 31 16 c1t9 0 the choicest This is something that everyone would want because it is very good.
EZK 31 17 wir1 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues.
EZK 31 17 nmq8 figs-idiom 0 they also went down with it to Sheol Here “went down … to Sheol” is an idiom that means to die. Alternate translation: “those trees of Lebanon also died and went down to Sheol with the cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 31 17 pk4t figs-activepassive 0 who had been killed by the sword Here “sword” represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom enemies had killed with swords” or “who had died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 31 17 j8k6 figs-metonymy 0 These were its strong arm “These trees of Lebanon were its strong arm.” The phrase “strong arm” represents “power.” Alternate translation: “These trees of Lebanon were the power of the cedar” or “These trees strengthened the cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2192,38 +2050,31 @@ EZK 32 2 w2mp 0 You are like a young lion … like a monster in the seas This
EZK 32 2 u588 figs-simile 0 like a young lion among the nations Egypt was stronger than other nations, like lions are stronger than other animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 32 2 v3jk figs-simile 0 like a monster in the seas Pharaoh was powerful, but he only caused trouble for others, like this monster in the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 32 2 ih5d 0 monster A monster is an animal that is big and dangerous. This one might be a crocodile. See how you translated this word in [Ezekiel 29:3](../29/03.md).
EZK 32 3 kkk6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to speak of him as if he were a monster, perhaps a crocodile, in the water.
EZK 32 3 rvm9 0 The Lord Yahweh says this See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md).
EZK 32 3 e8fe figs-metaphor 0 So I will spread my net over you in the assembly of many peoples God’s punishment of Pharaoh is spoken of as if the king were the river monster caught in a net. Alternate translation: “So I will gather many peoples and throw my net over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 4 y8ig 0 I will abandon you in the land “I will leave you helpless on the land.” The monster that was fearsome and powerful when it was in the water cannot do anything when it is left on dry land.
EZK 32 4 hw9d 0 all the birds of the heavens Alternate translation: “all the birds that fly in the sky”
EZK 32 4 vq12 figs-activepassive 0 the hunger of all living animals on earth will be satisfied by you This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will let all the animals of the earth eat your body until they are hungry no longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 5 ui3b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to compare him to a monster that lives in the water.
EZK 32 5 a9vx figs-explicit 0 your worm-filled corpse The worms help the dead body to rot. Alternate translation: “your rotting body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 6 jvz5 figs-activepassive 0 the stream beds will be filled with your blood This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will fill the streams with your blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 7 p9yx 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Pharaoh what he will do to Egypt.
EZK 32 7 fg4i figs-metaphor 0 when I extinguish you It was common to speak of a person’s life as if it were a lamp that could be put out. Alternate translation: “When I destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 7 ih1k figs-metaphor 0 I will cover the heavens Yahweh speaks of making the stars dark as if he were putting a cover over the sky. Alternate translation: “I will make everything in the sky go dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 8 q8bu figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 32 9 tl12 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh.
EZK 32 9 t2sg figs-metonymy 0 I will terrify the heart of many peoples Here “heart” represents the people’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I will make the hearts of many peoples afraid” or “I will cause many people to be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 9 ss3w 0 in lands that you do not know The way that Yahweh destroys Egypt will make afraid even people in lands that Pharaoh never knew about.
EZK 32 9 j9w1 figs-metaphor 0 when I bring about your collapse among the nations The nation of Egypt, symbolized by its king, is spoken of as if it were a building that was collapsing. Alternate translation: “when nations hear about the way I destroyed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 10 nm9u figs-metonymy 0 when I swing my sword Here swinging a sword represents using the sword. Alternate translation: “when I use my sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 10 taf8 0 Every moment each one will tremble because of you Here “tremble” is an action that people often do when they are very afraid. Alternate translation: “Every one of them will keep shaking because of their fear”
EZK 32 10 j552 figs-metaphor 0 on the day of your downfall The idea of falling down (“downfall”) represents dying. Alternate translation: “when I destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 11 mza2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh.
EZK 32 11 j9j7 figs-metonymy 0 The sword of the king of Babylon will come against you Here “sword” represents an army. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 12 l2us figs-abstractnouns 0 each warrior a terror of nations The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as “terrifies” or “afraid.” Alternate translation: “Each warrior terrifies the nations” or “each one of them makes the nations afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 32 12 lft6 figs-abstractnouns 0 will devastate the pride of Egypt The abstract noun “pride” can be stated as “proud.” Alternate translation: “will cause the Egyptians to no longer be proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 32 12 i7f7 figs-hyperbole 0 destroy all of its multitudes Here “all” is probably a generalization that refers to the killing of large numbers of soldiers, and perhaps other people also. Alternate translation: “kill a very large number of people who live in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 32 13 h1tx 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
EZK 32 13 n7m4 0 from beside the plentiful waters Alternate translation: “in the places where there is a lot of water”
EZK 32 13 cr7b figs-synecdoche 0 the foot of man will no longer stir the waters up The foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 32 13 lvt6 0 stir the waters make clear water muddy
EZK 32 13 d8xw figs-metonymy 0 the hooves of cattle stir them The hoof is a synecdoche for cattle. Alternate translation: “cattle stir them with their hooves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 14 siz7 0 Then I will calm their waters This could mean: (1) “I will make the water calm” or (2) “I will make the water clear.” When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear.
EZK 32 15 viv4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
EZK 32 15 p2d8 figs-activepassive 0 When I make the land of Egypt an abandoned place This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “When I make the land of Egypt a place where no one is living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 15 x25c 0 when the land is made bare of all its fullness Alternate translation: “when the country is made to lose all its wealth”
EZK 32 15 kg8c figs-metonymy 0 when I attack all the inhabitants in her Here the idea of attacking represents destroying. Alternate translation: “when I destroy all who live in her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2242,7 +2093,6 @@ EZK 32 18 dz2p 0 the daughters of majestic nations This could mean: (1) “the
EZK 32 18 b9j9 figs-idiom 0 the lowest earth “to the places under the ground.” When people died, they were put in the ground. So “bring them down … to the lowest earth” means “make them die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 32 18 map2 0 with those who have gone down to the pit Alternate translation: “with everyone else who has died and gone into the ground”
EZK 32 18 rhr2 figs-metonymy 0 the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:16](../31/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 19 fu9n figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He speaks of the people of Egypt as if they were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 19 b7dx figs-explicit 0 Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. This is a question and command that the prophet is to ask the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. Ask them all: ‘Are you really more beautiful than anyone else?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 19 a2ia figs-explicit 0 Go down It is implied that they must go down to Sheol. Alternate translation: “Go down to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 32 19 jc5b 0 lie down as in death. If your language has a word for dead people lying down that is different from the word for live people lying down to sleep, use it here.
@ -2253,7 +2103,6 @@ EZK 32 20 lfy2 figs-metonymy 0 The sword has been drawn! The word “sword” h
EZK 32 20 d149 figs-activepassive 0 She has been given to the sword This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “I have given Egypt to the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 32 20 pag6 0 they will seize her and her multitudes Alternate translation: “her enemies will seize Egypt and her people”
EZK 32 21 h27l 0 about Egypt and her allies Alternate translation: “about the Egyptians and those who join them”
EZK 32 22 gvj6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. Because what God is showing Ezekiel may be for future time, either the present tense or the future tense is suitable for these verses and the following verses.
EZK 32 22 sx45 figs-metaphor 0 Assyria is there with all her assembly The land of Assyria is represented as a woman. Alternate translation: “The people of Assyria and all its army are there in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 22 db7h 0 her assembly Alternate translation: “all her people together”
EZK 32 22 sb68 figs-metonymy 0 all of them were killed by the sword The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers used swords to kill them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2262,7 +2111,6 @@ EZK 32 23 bp7y figs-activepassive 0 all of those who were killed, who fell by t
EZK 32 23 t3fw figs-euphemism 0 fell by the sword The word “fell” here is a euphemism for “died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EZK 32 23 qc35 figs-abstractnouns 0 those who brought terror on the land of the living The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as “afraid.” Alternate translation: “those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 32 23 zb2x figs-metonymy 0 the land of the living This represents the people who were alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 24 gi85 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol.
EZK 32 24 y3cg figs-metonymy 0 Elam is there Here “Elam” refers to the people of that country. Alternate translation: “The people of Elam are also there in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 24 h835 0 her multitudes This could mean: (1) her many people or (2) her army.
EZK 32 24 h7ns 0 Her graves surround her See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:22](../32/22.md).
@ -2289,7 +2137,6 @@ EZK 32 26 d3ir 0 All of them … land of the living See how you translated “
EZK 32 27 yw5h figs-metaphor 0 their iniquities over their bones The warriors’ iniquities cover their bodies, although one would expect that their shields would cover them in death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 27 ib2c 0 they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living Alternate translation: “while they were still alive, they made other warriors very afraid”
EZK 32 27 h3q4 figs-metaphor 0 in the land of the living The time during which these warriors were living is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “while they were alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 32 28 py7u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
EZK 32 28 r4lz figs-activepassive 0 you … will be broken “Broken” here represents “destroyed.” This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 32 28 i379 0 in the midst of Alternate translation: “in the middle of”
EZK 32 28 mq69 figs-metonymy 0 those who were pierced The word “pierced” here is a metonym for “killed.” This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: “those whose enemies have killed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2315,7 +2162,6 @@ EZK 33 2 lp4x 0 make him a watchman Alternate translation: “appoint him as a
EZK 33 3 j7l1 figs-metonymy 0 He looks for the sword Here “sword” represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: “He looks for an enemy army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 4 uy2a 0 do not pay attention Alternate translation: “ignore the warning”
EZK 33 4 es87 figs-metonymy 0 each one’s blood is on his own head Here “blood” represents death. The phrase “on his own head” is an idiom that means the person will be held responsible. Alternate translation: “it is their own fault if they die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 5 bxg8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites.
EZK 33 5 j5px 0 his blood is on him Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “on him” is an idiom that means that person is considered responsible. Alternate translation: “it will be his own fault that he dies”
EZK 33 5 y6tp 0 save his own life Alternate translation: “will keep himself from dying”
EZK 33 6 whv7 figs-metonymy 0 the sword as it is coming The word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “the enemy army as it is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2323,7 +2169,6 @@ EZK 33 6 i3vd figs-activepassive 0 with the result that the people are not warn
EZK 33 6 n3dx figs-metonymy 0 the sword comes and takes anyone’s life Here “sword” represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: “the enemy army comes and kills anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 6 ih9v 0 that person dies in his own sin Alternate translation: “that person dies because of his own sin”
EZK 33 6 bt9e figs-metonymy 0 I will require his blood from the watchman Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “I will require his blood from” is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: “I will consider that person’s death to be the fault of the watchman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 7 a6mp 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 33 7 wy4i figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 7 kx9j figs-metonymy 0 you will hear the words from my mouth and warn them on my behalf Here “mouth” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “you will hear the message that I speak and you will warn them on my behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 7 k3xm 0 warn them on my behalf Alternate translation: “warn them as my representative” or “give them the warning from me”
@ -2332,7 +2177,6 @@ EZK 33 8 uv5c 0 about his way “the way he acts” or “the things he does.
EZK 33 8 xxx9 figs-metonymy 0 I will require his blood from your hand Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “require … from your hand” is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: “I will consider you responsible for his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 9 bli4 figs-metaphor 0 he might turn back from it, and if he does not turn back from his way A person no longer behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if he physically turns and goes back on a path. Alternate translation: “he might stop doing bad things, and if he does not stop doing bad things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 9 wyw9 0 will have saved your own life Alternate translation: “will have kept yourself alive”
EZK 33 10 x1yc 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites.
EZK 33 10 s8vg figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 10 v348 0 You are saying this Alternate translation: “This is what you have said”
EZK 33 10 a75l figs-metaphor 0 Our transgressions and our sins are on us This could mean: (1) “on us” is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or (2) “on us” is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2342,21 +2186,18 @@ EZK 33 10 wd7m figs-rquestion 0 How can we live? The people ask this question t
EZK 33 11 tlw1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I do not delight in the death of the wicked The abstract noun “death” can be stated as “die.” And the nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “wicked people.” Alternate translation: “It does not make me happy when wicked people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 33 11 e26x figs-metaphor 0 if the wicked repents from his way Here “way” represents how a person behaves. Alternate translation: “if the wicked person stops doing bad things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 11 r9qn figs-rquestion 0 For why should you die, house of Israel? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he does not want the people of Israel to die. Alternate translation: “Do not choose to die, house of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZK 33 12 s5e9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites.
EZK 33 12 lb73 figs-abstractnouns 0 The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins! The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as the adjective “right.” It is implied that they will not be saved from God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 33 12 i4s7 figs-abstractnouns 0 The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish The abstract noun “wickedness” can be stated as the adjective “wicked.” Alternate translation: “A person who does what is wicked will not perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 13 j7tp figs-abstractnouns 0 if he trusts in his righteousness The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as the adjective “right.” Alternate translation: “if he depends on the right things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 13 ef4y 0 commits injustice Alternate translation: “does what is evil” or “does wicked things”
EZK 33 13 g3er figs-idiom 0 I will not call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will not think about” or “I will not recall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 13 wz8k figs-abstractnouns 0 for the wickedness he committed The abstract noun “wickedness” can be stated as the adjective “wicked” Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 14 c3lg 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites.
EZK 33 14 b6yl figs-nominaladj 0 to the wicked The nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “the wicked person.” Alternate translation: “to the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
EZK 33 15 xll9 0 if he restores the loan guarantee Alternate translation: “if he gives back the loan guarantee”
EZK 33 15 frw7 0 loan guarantee something a person leaves with another person to show that he will keep his promise to pay back what he has borrowed
EZK 33 15 bs3c 0 makes restitution for what he has stolen Alternate translation: “returns what he has stolen” or “pays back the value of what he stole”
EZK 33 15 a8pz figs-metaphor 0 walks in the statutes that give life Acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if it were walking. Alternate translation: “lives according to the laws that give life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 16 t7vi figs-idiom 0 will be called to mind for him The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom that means to remember. The phrase “will be called” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will I think about” or “will I recall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 33 17 p3b6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites.
EZK 33 17 n2pn 0 your people These are the people of Israel. The word “your” refers to Ezekiel.
EZK 33 17 md4q figs-metaphor 0 The way of the Lord … your ways that are not fair Behaviors or actions is spoken of as if they were a way or road on which a person travels. Alternate translation: “What the Lord does … the things you do that are not fair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 33 17 ek62 figs-123person 0 but it is your ways The word “your” refers to the people of Israel. This can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “but it is their ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -2382,7 +2223,6 @@ EZK 33 24 db2d figs-metaphor 0 he inherited the land Yahweh giving the land to
EZK 33 24 h1ev 0 the land Alternate translation: “the land of Israel”
EZK 33 24 x6je figs-activepassive 0 The land has been given to us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 33 24 g3xl figs-abstractnouns 0 as a possession The abstract noun “possession” can be stated as “possess.” Alternate translation: “so that we can possess it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 25 xgm2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel.
EZK 33 25 iui8 figs-explicit 0 You eat blood It is implied that they eat blood by eating meat that still has blood in it. Yahweh had commanded them to drain out the blood. Alternate translation: “You eat meat with blood in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 33 25 il6d figs-idiom 0 you lift up your eyes towards your idols “you look to your idols” This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you worship your idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 25 dn3i figs-metonymy 0 you pour out people’s blood Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To pour out blood is an idiom that means to murder. Alternate translation: “you murder people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -2390,7 +2230,6 @@ EZK 33 25 b6mv figs-rquestion 0 Should you really possess the land? Yahweh used
EZK 33 26 sg6t figs-metonymy 0 You have depended on your swords Here “swords” represent doing violent things. Alternate translation: “You have committed violent acts with your swords to get what you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 26 rzc8 0 done disgusting things Alternate translation: “done things that I hate very much”
EZK 33 26 f3xi figs-explicit 0 each man defiles his neighbor’s wife It is implied that they defile their neighbor’s wives by sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “each man sleeps with his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 33 27 mk9h 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel.
EZK 33 27 iv1s figs-idiom 0 As I live “As surely as I am alive.” Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 27 lsf9 figs-idiom 0 the ones in the ruins will fall by the sword The phrase “fall by the sword” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the ones living in the ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 33 27 ixw1 0 those in fortresses and in caves will die of plagues Alternate translation: “plagues will kill the people who live in fortresses and caves”
@ -2402,11 +2241,9 @@ EZK 33 28 v97a 0 there will be no one to pass through them Alternate translati
EZK 33 29 xsr3 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 33 29 wy3k figs-abstractnouns 0 all the abominations that they have done The abstract noun “abominations” can be stated as “things I hate.” Alternate translation: “all the things they have done that I hate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 33 29 f9jn 0 they have done Alternate translation: “the people have done”
EZK 33 30 gev2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 33 30 sm9v 0 that comes out from Yahweh Alternate translation: “that Yahweh tells him to speak” or “that Yahweh gives him”
EZK 33 31 pn5s figs-metonymy 0 Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “mouths” represent speaking. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit” or (2) Alternate translation: “They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 31 d3vr figs-metonymy 0 their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “hearts” represents desire. Alternate translation: “in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit” or “they desire to get things in ways that are not just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 33 32 e4kq 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people of Israel.
EZK 33 32 aks2 figs-metonymy 0 you are like a lovely song to them Here “you” refers to Ezekiel, and here he represents the message he speaks. This compares Ezekiel’s message to a lovely song, which means the people enjoy listening to him, but they do not think his message is important enough to obey. Alternate translation: “they think that your words are like a lovely song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZK 33 32 c4k6 0 a lovely song This could mean: (1) “a beautiful song” or (2) “a love song” or “a song about love.”
EZK 33 32 ra8c figs-activepassive 0 that is well played on a stringed instrument This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2425,7 +2262,6 @@ EZK 34 3 nel9 figs-explicit 0 You eat the fatty portions The fatty portions com
EZK 34 3 xv9g 0 dress in wool Alternate translation: “wear the wool from the sheep”
EZK 34 3 a41p 0 the fatlings Alternate translation: “the youngest and fattest sheep and goats”
EZK 34 3 w8nr 0 do not shepherd at all Alternate translation: “do not feed and take care of the flock”
EZK 34 4 gl47 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 4 f6se 0 have diseases This could mean: (1) “are sick” or (2) “are weak”
EZK 34 4 kdi1 0 You do not bind up the ones who are broken Alternate translation: “You do not wrap cloth around the broken bones of those who are wounded”
EZK 34 4 n8dd 0 the ones who are broken Alternate translation: “the sheep that have broken bones” or “the sheep that are injured”
@ -2436,7 +2272,6 @@ EZK 34 4 n448 0 through strength and violence Alternate translation: “forcef
EZK 34 5 q6lk figs-activepassive 0 Then they were scattered without a shepherd This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then they scattered because they did not have a shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 34 5 t7mq 0 they became food for all the living beasts in the fields Alternate translation: “all of the wild animals could attack and eat them”
EZK 34 6 hu66 0 it is dispersed over the entire surface of the earth Alternate translation: “my flock is spread out all over the earth”
EZK 34 7 br79 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 7 leq1 figs-idiom 0 hear the word of Yahweh This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “listen to Yahweh’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 34 8 twl6 figs-activepassive 0 because my flock has become plunder and food for all the beasts in the fields This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: “because all the beasts in the fields steal my flock and eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 34 8 b8xg 0 plunder things that are stolen
@ -2445,7 +2280,6 @@ EZK 34 8 m4fy 0 because there was no shepherd Alternate translation: “becaus
EZK 34 8 thm4 0 none of my shepherds sought my flock Alternate translation: “none of my shepherds tried to find my flock”
EZK 34 8 zmc2 0 guarded themselves Alternate translation: “shepherded themselves” or “fed and cared for themselves”
EZK 34 8 cn7m 0 did not shepherd my flock Alternate translation: “did not feed and care for my flock”
EZK 34 9 n7p3 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 9 k6pi figs-idiom 0 hear the word of Yahweh “listen to Yahweh’s message.” This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 34 10 tc6r figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 34 10 ygs2 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed!”
@ -2455,7 +2289,6 @@ EZK 34 10 wm3e 0 I will dismiss them from shepherding the flock Alternate tran
EZK 34 10 vs2t 0 shepherd themselves Alternate translation: “feed and take care of themselves”
EZK 34 10 e7dg figs-metonymy 0 from their mouths Here “mouths” represent eating. Alternate translation: “so they cannot eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 34 10 tzt6 0 my flock will no longer be food for them Alternate translation: “the shepherds will no longer eat the sheep and the goats of my flock”
EZK 34 11 b4w4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as if he were their shepherd and will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 11 hn5p figs-123person 0 For the Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “For this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 34 11 l3df 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts the shepherds to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
EZK 34 11 i1zl 0 will seek out Alternate translation: “will look for”
@ -2467,7 +2300,6 @@ EZK 34 13 g4u8 0 from among the peoples Alternate translation: “from the pla
EZK 34 13 j5tp figs-metaphor 0 I will put them in pastures … every settlement in the land Yahweh bringing his people back from exile to their land so that he can care for them and keep them safe is spoken of as if he were their shepherd who puts his flock in a place where there is plenty of land, food, and water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 13 hy5g 0 pastures land that has grass and small plants that sheep and goats can eat
EZK 34 13 z8xx 0 settlement This is a place where people live. Usually they live in houses in a settlement.
EZK 34 14 f5pn figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as their shepherd who will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 14 j7q2 0 their grazing places Alternate translation: “places where they can eat”
EZK 34 14 i386 0 abundant pastures Alternate translation: “lands that have a lot of grass and plants to eat”
EZK 34 14 h7ir 0 graze eat grass and other plants
@ -2477,12 +2309,10 @@ EZK 34 16 u7yj figs-ellipsis 0 the lost The words “the sheep or goats” are
EZK 34 16 xgj4 0 restore the outcast Alternate translation: “bring back those that others have chased away”
EZK 34 16 fzy3 0 bind up the broken sheep Alternate translation: “wrap a cloth around any sheep’s broken bone” or “wrap a cloth around any sheep’s wound”
EZK 34 16 bi2r figs-ellipsis 0 the fat and the strong The word “sheep” is understood. Alternate translation: “the fat sheep and the strong sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 34 17 y2f2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message. Now it is to the people of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 17 ql1g 0 behold, I Alternate translation: “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important, I”
EZK 34 17 j47n 0 I will be a judge between sheep and sheep Alternate translation: “I will judge between one sheep and another”
EZK 34 17 iya2 0 rams and male goats The male sheep and goats are usually the strongest in the flock and can get whatever they want from the other animals in the flock.
EZK 34 18 fhe3 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not enough … feet God uses these questions to scold Israel’s leaders, who are spoken of as if they were the stronger animals in the flock that were unkind to the weaker ones. You can translate this as a statement as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 20 zs53 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 20 fe7l figs-123person 0 the Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 34 20 ugv9 0 to them Alternate translation: “to my flock”
EZK 34 20 arq4 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed!”
@ -2494,13 +2324,11 @@ EZK 34 21 w19v 0 with your sides Alternate translation: “with the sides of y
EZK 34 21 kd1v 0 have gored This could mean: (1) “have pushed” or “have shoved” (2) “have stabbed” or “have pierced”
EZK 34 21 i1u4 0 scattered them Alternate translation: “made them go in many different directions”
EZK 34 21 x7q3 0 away from the land Alternate translation: “away from the land of Israel”
EZK 34 22 w1gy figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 22 e57g figs-activepassive 0 they will no longer be plunder This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to plunder them” or “I will not allow anyone to steal them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 34 22 j76i 0 will no longer be plunder “will no longer be things that are stolen.” The shepherds and wild animals have been stealing the sheep and the goats from Yahweh’s flock.
EZK 34 23 imy5 figs-idiom 0 I will set over them one shepherd The phrase “set over” is an idiom that means to cause a person to rule someone else. Alternate translation: “I will assign one shepherd to be in charge of my sheep and the goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 34 23 v2q3 figs-metonymy 0 my servant David Here “David” refers to a descendant of David. Alternate translation: “a descendant of my servant David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 34 23 yh5c figs-metaphor 0 He will shepherd them The descendant of David who will be king over the people of Israel is spoken of as if he would be their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 25 st5z figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 25 re5l 0 a covenant of peace Alternate translation: “a covenant that brings peace”
EZK 34 25 qx55 0 the evil wild animals These are wild animals that could kill the sheep and the goats.
EZK 34 26 rf54 0 I will also bring blessings on them and on the places around my hill Some versions of the Bible translate this as “I will also turn them and the places around my hill into a blessing.”
@ -2513,7 +2341,6 @@ EZK 34 27 srq2 0 will be secure Alternate translation: “will be safe”
EZK 34 27 gz6y figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 34 27 y578 figs-metaphor 0 when I break the bars of their yoke Slavery is spoken of as if it were a yoke that people wear like some animals. Alternate translation: “when I free them from being slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 34 27 c8kl figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of those who enslaved them Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the control of those who made them slaves” or “from those who made them slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 34 28 jtr1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel.
EZK 34 28 fz53 figs-metonymy 0 They will no longer be plunder for the nations Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations will no longer steal from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 34 28 v7ul 0 plunder These are things that are stolen or taken by force. See how you translated “plunder” in [Ezekiel 7:21](../07/21.md).
EZK 34 29 w9v8 0 be victims of famine Alternate translation: “be starved” or “be starving because of lack of food”
@ -2533,31 +2360,26 @@ EZK 35 3 dn2p 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follo
EZK 35 3 sjk1 0 I am against you Alternate translation: “I am your enemy” or “I oppose you”
EZK 35 3 a49m figs-metonymy 0 I will strike you with my hand Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 3 s7v8 figs-abstractnouns 0 make you a desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 35 4 yv3y 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.
EZK 35 4 t23n figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 35 5 ix3r figs-metaphor 0 you poured them out into the hands of the sword This metaphor could mean: (1) “you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords” or (2) “you killed them with swords.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 35 5 mv7g 0 at the time of their distress Alternate translation: “at a time of disaster”
EZK 35 6 ax82 figs-metonymy 0 I will prepare you for bloodshed Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “I will make it easy for your enemies to kill many of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 6 rj8w figs-personification 0 bloodshed will pursue you Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Yahweh speaks of bloodshed as if it were a person who could chase them. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase you down and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 35 6 sr9i figs-metonymy 0 Since you did not hate bloodshed Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “Since you did not hate it when enemies brutally killed the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 7 a6in 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.
EZK 35 7 hhc6 figs-metaphor 0 when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again This could mean: (1) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to stop someone from doing something. Alternate translation: “I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 35 8 wbp9 figs-activepassive 0 those who were killed by the sword Here “sword” represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). Alternate translation: “those whom enemies have killed with swords” or “those who have died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 35 9 xx8k figs-hyperbole 0 a perpetual desolation “desolate forever.” This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 35 9 hy7l figs-activepassive 0 Your cities will not be inhabited This can be stated in active form. This may be an exaggeration for emphasis. Alternate translation: “People will not live in your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZK 35 9 i7gc figs-you 0 but you will know Here “you” is plural. God is speaking to the people of Mount Seir, rather than to a single mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 35 10 h112 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.
EZK 35 10 i7s4 figs-personification 0 You have said The word “You” refers to the mountain of Seir. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountain as if it can hear him. The message is for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Your people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 35 10 zmt2 0 these two lands Alternate translation: “the lands of Israel and Judah”
EZK 35 10 cb3b 0 will become mine The word “mine” can be stated in plural form. Alternate translation: “will become ours”
EZK 35 10 we2l 0 we The word “we” refers to the people of Edom.
EZK 35 10 dw47 figs-explicit 0 even when Yahweh was present with them It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 35 11 d51p 0 I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy This could mean: (1) “I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy” or (2) “just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy.”
EZK 35 12 k1s3 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.
EZK 35 12 y3tw figs-synecdoche 0 against the mountains of Israel Here “mountains” represents the whole land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 35 12 wts3 figs-activepassive 0 They have been destroyed This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They are in ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 35 12 uc8j figs-metaphor 0 they have been given over to us to devour The people of Mount Seir taking the land of Israel and using it for themselves is spoken of as if they were wild animals that would devour the mountains of Israel. Alternate translation: “they are here for us to devour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 35 14 yi17 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom.
EZK 35 14 rhr8 figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 35 14 w5h5 figs-personification 0 I will make you a desolation Here “you” refers to Mount Seir, but the message is for the people of Edom. The abstract noun “desolation” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because of what your people did I will make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 35 14 bfc7 figs-metonymy 0 the entire earth rejoices Here “earth” represents the people of the earth. The word “entire” is a generalization that refers only to people near Mount Seir. Alternate translation: “people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2574,7 +2396,6 @@ EZK 36 2 zf4b 0 have become our possession Alternate translation: “now belon
EZK 36 3 i87p figs-abstractnouns 0 Because of your desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be stated as “desolate.” Alternate translation: “Because you, mountains of Israel, have become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 36 3 iz4b 0 because of the attacks that came on you from all sides Alternate translation: “because you were attacked from every direction” or “because your enemies attacked you from every direction”
EZK 36 3 x8k1 figs-synecdoche 0 you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people’s stories Here, “lips” and “tongues” represent people speaking. Alternate translation: “people are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 36 4 hxl1 translate-versebridge 0 General Information: This continues the message that Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the mountains of Israel. The message is for all of the people of Israel. It may be helpful to use a verse bridge here, as the UST does, to arrange the text in a more logical order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
EZK 36 4 ig1c 0 listen to the word of the Lord Yahweh Alternate translation: “listen to the message of the Lord Yahweh”
EZK 36 4 bmf4 figs-abstractnouns 0 the uninhabited desolations The abstract noun “desolations” can be stated as “desolate cities.” Alternate translation: “the desolate cities which have no people living in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 36 4 f5ii figs-activepassive 0 the forsaken cities This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the cities that people have left behind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2585,17 +2406,14 @@ EZK 36 5 suz3 figs-metonymy 0 had both joy in their heart and disdain in their
EZK 36 6 i6q1 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed!”
EZK 36 6 tf39 figs-doublet 0 In my fury and in my anger The words “fury” and “anger” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “Because I am extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 36 6 ia8c 0 you have borne the insults of nations Alternate translation: “other nations have insulted you” or “other nations have mocked you”
EZK 36 7 wz6n 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel.
EZK 36 7 knz2 translate-symaction 0 I myself will lift up my hand to swear Here “lift up my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EZK 36 7 p342 figs-metaphor 0 that the nations that surround you will certainly carry their own shame The people experiencing shame are spoken of as if they will carry their shame. Alternate translation: “that people will certainly mock the nations that surround you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 7 udb7 0 surround you The word “you” refers to the mountains of Israel.
EZK 36 8 v318 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel.
EZK 36 8 d5fx figs-synecdoche 0 you will grow branches and bear fruit Here “you” refers to the mountain of Israel which here represents the trees on the mountain that will grow fruit. Alternate translation: “your trees will grow branches and bear fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 36 9 ka3m 0 behold, I Alternate translation: “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I”
EZK 36 9 e5yn 0 I am for you “I want to do good things to you.” The word “you” refers to the mountains of Israel.
EZK 36 9 qr1h 0 I treat you with favor Alternate translation: “I will be kind to you”
EZK 36 9 a9fa figs-activepassive 0 you will be plowed and sown with seed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my people, Israel, will plow your ground and sow it with seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 10 wu8t 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel.
EZK 36 10 a95f figs-explicit 0 So I will multiply upon you Yahweh is speaking to the mountains. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “So, mountains of Israel, I will multiply upon you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 36 10 p4xl figs-metonymy 0 even the whole house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “all of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 10 anb9 figs-activepassive 0 The cities will be inhabited and the ruins rebuilt This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then people will live in the cities and will rebuild the ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2604,7 +2422,6 @@ EZK 36 11 xi5w figs-activepassive 0 you to be inhabited as you previously were
EZK 36 11 b944 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 36 12 i87i figs-metaphor 0 They will possess you, and you will be their inheritance The people living in the mountains and land of Israel permanently is spoke of as if the people would inherit them. Alternate translation: “They will possess you permanently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 12 eb3n figs-explicit 0 you will no longer cause their children to die It is implied that in the past children died because there was not enough food in the land. Now the land would produce enough food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 36 13 ia34 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to the mountains of Israel. The message is meant for the people of Israel.
EZK 36 13 c4q5 0 they are saying to you Alternate translation: “other nations are saying to you mountains”
EZK 36 13 vyl3 figs-metaphor 0 You devour men Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were devouring the people. Alternate translation: “You cause many people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 13 sn2d 0 bereaving your nation of children Alternate translation: “you cause your people’s children to die”
@ -2621,7 +2438,6 @@ EZK 36 17 de9m 0 menstruation of a woman the time every month when a woman ble
EZK 36 18 fp47 figs-metaphor 0 I poured out my fury against them Yahweh punishing people because he is angry is spoken of as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out. Alternate translation: “I did things to them that showed how angry I was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 18 k9wm figs-idiom 0 for the blood that they poured out on the land This is an idiom that refers to killing someone. Alternate translation: “because they made the blood of many people spill onto the land” or “because they murdered many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 36 18 i8xk figs-metaphor 0 for their pollution of it by their idols The people worshiping idols is spoken of as if the idols made the land physically dirty. Alternate translation: “because they defiled the land with their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 19 ky84 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about Israel.
EZK 36 19 z49i figs-parallelism 0 I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed through the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). Alternate translation: “I caused them to separate and live in separate lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZK 36 19 eyv2 figs-activepassive 0 they were dispersed through the lands This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I dispersed them through the lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 19 m94f figs-doublet 0 their ways and their deeds Here “ways” and “deeds” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things that they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -2633,15 +2449,12 @@ EZK 36 20 n86s 0 his land This refers to the land of Israel.
EZK 36 21 yx4c figs-metonymy 0 But I had compassion for my holy name that the house of Israel had defiled among the nations, when they went there Here “name” represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: “When the house of Israel went among the nations, they caused me disgrace, but I wanted people to know that I am holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 21 vax8 0 I had compassion for my holy name Alternate translation: “I cared about my holy name”
EZK 36 21 yc8n figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 22 ax3g 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel, and he gives him a message to Israel.
EZK 36 22 e8nj figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 22 e71m 0 for your sake Alternate translation: “because of you” or “in order to help you”
EZK 36 22 d6en figs-metonymy 0 but for my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone Here “name” represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: “but so that the people of the nations, who mock me because of you, will know that I am holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 22 kw1p 0 you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone Alternate translation: “you have caused the people of the nations to mock everywhere you have gone”
EZK 36 24 h35x 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.
EZK 36 25 w5ba figs-metaphor 0 I will sprinkle pure water on you so you will be purified from all of your impurities, and I will purify you from all of your idols Yahweh forgiving the people and causing them to no longer sin is spoken of as if he would cleanse them with water. The phrase “you will be purified” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will purify you as if I were sprinkling you with pure water, and I will cause you to stop worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 25 vwg9 0 all of your impurities Alternate translation: “all the things that made you unclean”
EZK 36 26 sqa4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.
EZK 36 26 d81b figs-metaphor 0 I will give you a new heart and a new spirit in your innermost parts, and I will take away the heart of stone from your flesh. For I will give you a heart of flesh Yahweh causing the people to no longer be stubborn but to love and serve Yahweh is spoken of as if he will take away their old heart and give them a new heart and spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 26 hzb2 0 a new heart and a new spirit Here “heart” and “spirit” represent a person’s thoughts, attitudes, and emotions. See how you translated “heart” and “spirit” in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md).
EZK 36 26 rk5y 0 in your innermost parts Alternate translation: “within you” or “inside of you”
@ -2649,26 +2462,22 @@ EZK 36 26 al9g figs-metaphor 0 the heart of stone This speaks of people being s
EZK 36 26 t2ab 0 your flesh Alternate translation: “your body”
EZK 36 26 f9ag figs-metaphor 0 a heart of flesh People being willing to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if their hearts were soft like flesh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). Alternate translation: “a heart that is soft like flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 27 u62l figs-metaphor 0 enable you to walk in my statutes A person acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of is if it were a person walking. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/20.md). Alternate translation: “enable you to obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 29 e1de 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.
EZK 36 29 ct8f figs-metaphor 0 For I will save you from all of your uncleanness Something that is unacceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “For I will save you from everything that made me reject you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 29 xjw7 figs-personification 0 I will summon the grain “I will call the grain to come.” This phrase presents the grain as a servant of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will cause there to be grain in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZK 36 29 b8fw figs-metaphor 0 I will no longer put famine upon you Yahweh causing a famine in the land is spoken of as if he put famine on the people. Alternate translation: “I will no longer cause there to be a famine” or “I will no longer cause there to be no food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 30 a3wr figs-metaphor 0 you will no longer bear the shame of famine among the nations Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the people had to carry the shame. Alternate translation: “the nations will no longer make you feel ashamed because you suffer from famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 32 d98m 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.
EZK 36 32 eh72 figs-activepassive 0 let this be known to you “know this” or “you can be sure of this.” Yahweh says this to emphasize that it is not because the people are good that he will restore them. This phrase can be moved to the beginning of the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 32 r8xf figs-doublet 0 So be ashamed and disgraced The words “ashamed” and “disgraced” share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of the shame. Alternate translation: “So be very ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 36 32 j3jd 0 because of your ways Alternate translation: “because of what you do”
EZK 36 32 fy8l figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 34 mf46 0 you will plow the ruined land Alternate translation: “you will farm the ruined land”
EZK 36 34 g51f figs-metonymy 0 before the eyes of all who pass by The eyes represent sight. Alternate translation: “to those who pass by and see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 36 35 yki1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel.
EZK 36 35 d5pg 0 Then they The word “they” refers to the people who walk through the land of Israel.
EZK 36 35 akk1 0 the uninhabited ruins Alternate translation: “the ruins that no one lived in”
EZK 36 35 iu1m figs-activepassive 0 that were torn down This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “that enemies had torn down” or (2) Alternate translation: “that people could not get into” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 35 n817 figs-activepassive 0 are now fortified and inhabited This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people have now rebuilt them and have started living there again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 36 bq7c 0 that I built up the ruins Alternate translation: “and that I built up the cities that enemies had torn down”
EZK 36 36 k9l8 0 replanted the abandoned places Alternate translation: “planted crops in the desolate land”
EZK 36 37 ei5b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 36 37 qz48 figs-metonymy 0 I will be asked by the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will ask me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 36 37 l77n figs-metaphor 0 to increase them like a flock of people Yahweh causing the people to multiply greatly and quickly is spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Sheep multiply very quickly. Alternate translation: “to make them multiply like a flock of sheep” or “to make the people multiply quickly like sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 36 38 e5pt figs-activepassive 0 Like the flock is set apart for sacrifices, like the flock in Jerusalem at her appointed feasts The phrase “is set apart” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Like the great number of sheep that the people set apart for sacrifices or bring to Jerusalem for the appointed feasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2710,7 +2519,6 @@ EZK 37 16 fbx2 0 the people of Israel, his companions This refers to the Israe
EZK 37 16 bsf9 figs-synecdoche 0 For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim Joseph was Ephraim’s father. The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the names are used to represent the whole northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 37 16 c2dw 0 all the people of Israel, their companions This refers to the Israelites who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the tribes of Israel” or “the Israelites who were part of the kingdom of Israel”
EZK 37 17 bud9 0 into one stick Alternate translation: “so that they become one stick”
EZK 37 18 rb8m 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 37 18 tm25 0 what these things of yours mean Alternate translation: “what your sticks mean” or “why you have these sticks”
EZK 37 19 yen5 0 Behold! This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
EZK 37 19 j32z figs-metonymy 0 the branch of Joseph “the stick of Joseph.” This represents the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2718,10 +2526,8 @@ EZK 37 19 fg3s figs-metonymy 0 that is in the hand of Ephraim The word “hand
EZK 37 19 c3zl 0 the tribes of Israel his companions Alternate translation: “the other tribes of Israel who are his companions” or “the other tribes of Israel who are part of that kingdom”
EZK 37 19 pkm7 figs-metonymy 0 the branch of Judah “the stick of Judah.” This represents the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 37 20 bc67 figs-synecdoche 0 before their eyes Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “while they watched you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZK 37 21 lrq2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 37 21 qmj9 0 Behold! Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
EZK 37 23 gjq8 0 they will be my people and I will be their God See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/20.md).
EZK 37 24 j5u8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel.
EZK 37 24 n6lq figs-metonymy 0 David my servant Yahweh said “David” to refer to a descendant of David. See how you translated “my servant David” in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/23.md). Alternate translation: “A descendant of my servant David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 37 24 k8cn figs-metaphor 0 one shepherd over them This speaks of a king ruling a people as if he were a shepherd leading sheep. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 37 24 x1wf 0 over them Alternate translation: “over the people of Israel”
@ -2794,11 +2600,9 @@ EZK 38 17 ul36 figs-metonymy 0 by the hand of my servants Here “hand” refer
EZK 38 17 xvf1 0 against them Alternate translation: “against the people of Israel”
EZK 38 18 rv8e figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 38 18 ae9z figs-metaphor 0 my wrath will mount up in my anger Here “mount up” means “rise up” and expresses that his wrath will increase. The words “wrath” and “anger” mean the same thing and emphasize how intense his anger will be. Alternate translation: “my anger will greatly increase” or “I will be very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZK 38 19 q581 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog.
EZK 38 19 j5u1 0 In my zeal Here “zeal” refers to Yahweh’s desire to defend his honor against Gog’s attacks.
EZK 38 19 edr8 figs-metaphor 0 in the fire of my anger The intensity of Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were as hot as fire. Alternate translation: “because my anger was intense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 38 20 dxl2 figs-activepassive 0 The mountains will be thrown down This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make mountains fall down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 38 21 vbk4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. He speaks of the people of Gog as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 38 21 r65t figs-metonymy 0 I will summon a sword against him The word “sword” here is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Alternate translation: “I will cause soldiers to attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 21 j5w2 figs-metonymy 0 each man’s sword will be against his brother Here “sword” is a metonym for the person who uses the sword to fight. Alternate translation: “all of his soldiers will fight each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 38 21 aer8 0 his brother Alternate translation: “his fellow soldier”
@ -2959,7 +2763,6 @@ EZK 40 21 m2qv 0 measured the same Alternate translation: “had the same meas
EZK 40 21 bv9m translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits about 27 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 40 21 at8s 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
EZK 40 21 m89e 0 twenty-five cubits about 13.5 meters
EZK 40 22 z58s 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to describe the vision of the temple and of the man who looked like bronze.
EZK 40 22 l4p5 0 Its windows The word “Its” refers to the gate that was on the north side of the outer courtyard. Alternate translation: “The northern gate’s windows”
EZK 40 22 pvp1 0 chambers See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](../40/07.md).
EZK 40 22 lh6i 0 corresponded to the gate that faced east Alternate translation: “were like those of the eastern gate” or “were like those of the eastern gate of the outer courtyard”
@ -3018,7 +2821,6 @@ EZK 40 44 sw8j 0 singers’ chambers “rooms for singers.” However, some an
EZK 40 44 j5e2 figs-ellipsis 0 one on the north side facing south, and the other on the south side facing north The word “chamber” or “room” is understood from the previous phrase. The phrase “facing south” means that its door is on its south side, and “facing north” means that its door is on its north side. Alternate translation: “one room on the north side facing south, and the other room on the south side facing north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZK 40 45 udd6 0 This room facing south This refers to the chamber on the north side of the inner courtyard. Alternate translation: “This room whose door is on its south side” or “This room on the north side of the inner courtyard”
EZK 40 45 v1a4 0 who are on duty in the temple Alternate translation: “who are working in the temple” or “who are responsible for guarding the temple”
EZK 40 46 wmt7 0 General Information: The man continues speaking to Ezekiel in the vision.
EZK 40 46 dz6w 0 The room facing north This refers to the room on the south side of the inner courtyard. The door of the room was on the north side of the room. Alternate translation: “This room whose door is on its north side” or “This room on the south side of the inner courtyard”
EZK 40 46 sk26 0 the priests on duty at the altar Alternate translation: “the priests who were offering sacrifices on the altar”
EZK 40 46 x24w 0 come near to Yahweh to serve him Alternate translation: “approach Yahweh in his temple in order to serve him”
@ -3037,7 +2839,6 @@ EZK 40 49 tbs4 0 twenty cubits about 11 meters
EZK 40 49 yp5x 0 eleven cubits about 6 meters
EZK 40 49 q4z1 0 columns pieces of stone that were tall and narrow and supported the roof of the building
EZK 41 intro unn8 0 # Ezekiel 41 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on the courtyard of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
EZK 41 1 x2a6 0 General Information: The man in Ezekiel’s vision ([Ezekiel 40:3](../40/03.md)) continues to show Ezekiel around the temple.
EZK 41 1 w4s3 0 the temple’s holy place the room in the temple in front of the “most holy place”
EZK 41 1 rh4q 0 six cubits in width on either side These cubits were the “long” cubits ([Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md)), 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “they were six cubits in width on both sides”
EZK 41 1 f5xb translate-bdistance 0 six cubits about 3.2 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
@ -3176,8 +2977,6 @@ EZK 44 5 drb4 0 all its regulations Alternate translation: “all the instruct
EZK 44 6 zau2 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 44 6 az1c 0 Let all of your disgusting actions be enough for you Alternate translation: “Your disgusting actions have been more than enough for you” or “You have done far too many disgusting deeds”
EZK 44 6 bca6 0 disgusting actions See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md).
EZK 44 8 maa2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 44 10 zin7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 44 10 p8aq figs-metaphor 0 went far from me … wandered away from me, going after their idols The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. Alternate translation: “stopped worshiping me … stopped doing what I wanted them to do. Instead, they worshiped their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZK 44 11 bkp6 0 are servants in my sanctuary Alternate translation: “will be the servants in my temple”
EZK 44 11 mm2d 0 watching the gates of the house Alternate translation: “performing guard duty at the gates of the house”
@ -3188,55 +2987,42 @@ EZK 44 12 vr22 translate-symaction 0 I will lift up my hand to swear an oath In
EZK 44 12 y3kn 0 against them Alternate translation: “that I will punish them”
EZK 44 12 pf4z figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 44 12 q681 figs-abstractnouns 0 they will bear their punishment The abstract noun “punishment” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZK 44 13 j14m 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 44 13 hx8g 0 They the Levites ([Ezekiel 44:10](../44/10.md))
EZK 44 13 ae27 0 They will not come near “I will not permit them to come near.” Yahweh does not want them to come to him the way a servant comes to a king to receive commands, as the descendants of Zadok will do ([Ezekiel 40:46](../40/46.md)).
EZK 44 13 bca3 0 will bear their reproach and their guilt Alternate translation: “will be ashamed and suffer when I punish them”
EZK 44 13 wq95 0 disgusting actions “the disgusting things you do.” God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md).
EZK 44 14 er59 0 keepers people who guard or take care of something
EZK 44 14 u8yv figs-activepassive 0 that is done in it This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that they need to do in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 44 15 c721 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 44 15 s5we 0 those sons of Zadok who fulfilled Alternate translation: “who are descendants of Zadok and fulfilled”
EZK 44 17 l84s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.
EZK 44 17 xb3e 0 So it will be that Alternate translation: “So”
EZK 44 17 c13p 0 the inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 44 17 m5aw 0 linen See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md).
EZK 44 17 rj5i 0 wool cloth or clothing made of the soft hair of sheep
EZK 44 18 k7zt 0 turbans A turban is a head covering that is that is made of a long cloth wrapped around the head.
EZK 44 19 gc26 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about how the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests are to do their duties.
EZK 44 19 ufa8 0 outer courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md).
EZK 44 20 cn1l 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.
EZK 44 20 qi2j 0 must trim the hair of their heads must keep their hair neat
EZK 44 22 ni4q 0 widow a woman whose husband has died
EZK 44 22 b3xu 0 from the line of the house of Israel Alternate translation: “who is a descendant of the people of Israel”
EZK 44 22 u2pa figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 44 23 v6g5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.
EZK 44 24 ubl2 0 In a dispute they will stand to judge with my decrees Alternate translation: “When people are arguing, they will be the ones who decide who is right by applying my laws”
EZK 44 25 u9cv 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.
EZK 44 27 zz6v figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 44 28 gw6s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.
EZK 44 28 gcp2 figs-pronouns 0 you The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
EZK 44 28 rs2h 0 property land that a person owns and uses to provide for the needs of his family
EZK 44 28 p1ts 0 in Israel Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel”
EZK 44 30 abr8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests.
EZK 44 30 f4lm 0 every contribution, anything from all of your contributions Alternate translation: “every gift of whatever kind from all your gifts” or “all gifts of every sort of all of your gifts”
EZK 44 30 k6ar figs-idiom 0 so that blessing may rest on your house This phrase means “so that I will bless your family and everything that belongs to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZK 44 31 ydb2 figs-activepassive 0 or animal torn by a beast, whether bird or beast This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “or any creature that a bird or a wild animal has torn apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 45 intro csg9 0 # Ezekiel 45 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There should be an area around the temple complex for the homes of the priests and Levites who work at the temple. People should celebrate the festivals. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
EZK 45 1 w2qr 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 45 1 j186 translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits in length … ten thousand cubits in width Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits long…10,000 cubits wide” or “about 13.5 kilometers long … about 5.4 kilometers wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 45 1 rhe7 0 all its area round about Alternate translation: “all of the area inside of the borders around it”
EZK 45 2 ftd5 translate-bdistance 0 five hundred cubits … fifty cubits in width Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. Alternate translation: “500 cubits…50 cubits wide” or “about 270 meters … about 27 meters wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 45 3 z3c7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 45 3 u69s 0 this area the temple and the border surrounding it
EZK 45 3 r52y 0 a portion Alternate translation: “a portion of land”
EZK 45 3 m67w translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits…10,000 cubits” or “about 13.5 kilometers … about 5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 45 6 e3un 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 45 6 h2xy translate-bdistance 0 five thousand cubits … twenty-five thousand Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “5,000 cubits…25,000 cubits” or “about 2.7 kilometers … about 13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 45 6 s6nx figs-activepassive 0 reserved for the holy place This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you gave for the holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 45 7 uk1u figs-explicit 0 The length will correspond to the length of one of those portions It is implied that Ezekiel is comparing the prince’s land with the size of the land given to each of the tribes. Alternate translation: “The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 45 7 q8d9 0 from the west to the east It is implied that these are the western and eastern borders of the land of Israel. “from the western border of Israel at the sea to the eastern border at the Jordan River”
EZK 45 8 c5xt 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel.
EZK 45 8 gh1k 0 This land will be property for the prince in Israel Alternate translation: “This portion of the land will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel”
EZK 45 9 kn84 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 45 9 s8kt 0 It is enough for you Alternate translation: “You have done too many bad things” or “You have been acting badly for far too long”
@ -3246,48 +3032,38 @@ EZK 45 11 s483 translate-bvolume 0 homer about 220 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/ma
EZK 45 12 d171 translate-bweight 0 shekel about 11 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EZK 45 12 x539 translate-bweight 0 gerahs about 0.55 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EZK 45 12 na75 translate-bweight 0 mina about 660 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EZK 45 13 a49t 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.
EZK 45 13 cnf3 figs-explicit 0 for every homer of wheat It is implied that this is the amount of wheat that the people harvest. Alternate translation: “for every homer of wheat from the harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZK 45 14 u4gz 0 The regulation offering of oil will be a tenth of a bath Alternate translation: “You must offer one tenth of a bath of oil”
EZK 45 15 nx2w 0 the watered regions of Israel Alternate translation: “the parts of Israel that get a good amount of water”
EZK 45 15 j447 figs-activepassive 0 will be used for This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will use for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 45 16 hs31 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.
EZK 45 17 nq7p 0 the fixed festivals the festivals that happen at the same time every year or month or week
EZK 45 17 kvb9 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZK 45 18 yt9a 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.
EZK 45 18 s8r4 figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 45 18 kwy1 translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the first month, on the first day of the month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 45 18 zx5a figs-you 0 you will take The word “you” is singular and refers to whoever is the prince in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 45 20 rnr8 translate-ordinal 0 on the seventh of the month “on the seventh day of the first month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 45 20 yp7i 0 for each person’s sin by accident or ignorance Alternate translation: “for each person who had sinned without meaning to or because he did not know he was sinning” or “for each person who had sinned by accident or because he did not now what was right”
EZK 45 21 h28w 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.
EZK 45 21 x1ac translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the first month on the fourteenth day of the month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 45 21 h44r figs-you 0 for you The word “you” is plural and refers to the prince and the rest of the people of the house of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZK 45 23 sm6c 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.
EZK 45 23 hij9 0 Seven bulls and seven unblemished rams Alternate translation: “Seven bulls and seven rams that are completely healthy”
EZK 45 24 c8si 0 food offering This is also called a “grain offering.”
EZK 45 24 a1wx translate-bvolume 0 an ephah You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “twenty-two liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
EZK 45 24 h4z8 translate-bvolume 0 a hin You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “four liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
EZK 45 24 s3eh translate-bvolume 0 each ephah You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “each twenty-two liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
EZK 45 25 bh3k 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.
EZK 45 25 fn33 translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the seventh month on the fifteenth day of the month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZK 45 25 v9fx 0 at the festival This is a different festival from the festival Ezekiel was describing before.
EZK 46 intro b7h2 0 # Ezekiel 46 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on many of the temple’s rules. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
EZK 46 1 da9n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.
EZK 46 1 pc25 figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 46 1 m74l 0 The gate of the inner courtyard, facing east Alternate translation: “the gate on the east side of the inner courtyard” or “the eastern gate of the inner courtyard”
EZK 46 1 w3m7 0 inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 46 2 j8bw 0 inner gate See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:19](../40/19.md).
EZK 46 3 m3lm 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.
EZK 46 3 f1nt 0 before Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:24](../43/24.md).
EZK 46 6 h8se 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.
EZK 46 6 fe93 0 unblemished perfectly healthy and normal
EZK 46 8 usc6 0 portico covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZK 46 9 rl4y 0 before Yahweh “in front of Yahweh” or “in the presence of Yahweh.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 44:3](../44/03.md).
EZK 46 9 a1p7 0 appointed festivals Translate as you translated “appointed feasts” in [Ezekiel 36:37](../36/37.md).
EZK 46 12 fa81 figs-activepassive 0 the gate facing east will be opened for him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Levites will open the gate facing east for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZK 46 12 lqw2 0 the gate facing east Alternate translation: “the eastern gate” or “the gate on the east side of the courtyard”
EZK 46 13 vq1i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel.
EZK 46 14 yhz5 0 to moisten Alternate translation: “which will soak”
EZK 46 16 j4il figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZK 46 17 ly5s 0 year of liberty This is the year that a servant gains freedom. This is also called the “Year of Jubilee.”
@ -3332,7 +3108,6 @@ EZK 48 1 dmd8 0 Lebo Hamath This is the name of a town. See how you translated
EZK 48 1 h3d5 0 Hazar Enan This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:17](../47/17.md).
EZK 48 4 q979 0 one portion Translate as you translated “one portion of land” in [Ezekiel 48:1](../48/01.md).
EZK 48 4 npr4 0 from the east side to the west See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 48:3](../48/03.md).
EZK 48 8 e77l 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel.
EZK 48 8 t9ii translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 9 k8kq translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits…10,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers…5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 10 f9ke figs-activepassive 0 The priests will have land assigned to them This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The leaders of the Israelites will assign land to the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3347,7 +3122,6 @@ EZK 48 16 s31f translate-numbers 0 4,500 cubits “four thousand five hundred c
EZK 48 17 mt45 translate-numbers 0 250 cubits “two hundred and fifty cubits.” A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 135 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 18 ihu6 translate-numbers 0 ten thousand cubits “10,000 cubits.” A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 18 z3h4 0 its produce Alternate translation: “the food that grows there”
EZK 48 19 fw9z 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel.
EZK 48 20 gl23 translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits” or “about 13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 20 q1yu 0 In this way you will make the holy offering of land, together with the land for the city. Alternate translation: “You will offer the holy offering and also the property of the city”
EZK 48 20 tlm3 figs-you 0 you This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -3355,7 +3129,6 @@ EZK 48 20 mp4t 0 the holy offering the land that the people of Israel gave to
EZK 48 21 rn7q 0 the holy offering See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 48:18](../48/18.md).
EZK 48 21 c5zx translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits” or “about 13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZK 48 23 tp6b 0 one portion Translate as you translated “one portion of land” in [Ezekiel 48:1](../48/01.md).
EZK 48 27 lw7n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel.
EZK 48 28 g789 translate-names 0 Tamar … Meribah Kadesh names of towns. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 48 28 i1hx translate-names 0 the brook of Egypt a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZK 48 29 f7m3 figs-you 0 you This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

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en_tn_27-DAN.tsv
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@ -93,20 +93,16 @@ DAN 2 24 fs73 0 everyone who was wise Alternate translation: “the wise men
DAN 2 26 z3qq translate-names 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 2 27 b59r figs-activepassive 0 The mystery that the king has asked about … not by astrologers This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 27 r8dh 0 The mystery that the king has asked about This phrase refers to the king’s dream.
DAN 2 29 fm11 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 29 as3u figs-explicit 0 the one who reveals mysteries This phrase refers to God. Alternate translation: “God, who reveals mysteries” or “God, who makes mysteries known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 2 30 v6bt figs-activepassive 0 this mystery was not revealed to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not reveal this mystery to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 30 qk3n figs-activepassive 0 This mystery was revealed to me so that you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He revealed the mystery to me so that you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 30 ca22 figs-synecdoche 0 know the thoughts deep within you This phrase is using the word “you” referring to the person’s mind. Alternate translation: “know the thoughts deep inside your mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 2 31 c17n 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 32 qp26 0 was made of fine gold Alternate translation: “was of fine gold” or “was fine gold”
DAN 2 33 n7d7 0 were made partly of iron and partly of clay Alternate translation: “were partly of iron and partly of clay” or “were partly iron and partly clay”
DAN 2 34 upd5 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 34 e77j figs-activepassive 0 a stone was cut out, although not by human hands, and it This can be stated in active form if it is divided into two sentences. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from a mountain, but it was not a human who cut it. The stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 35 si32 figs-simile 0 like the chaff of the threshing floors in the summer This phrase is comparing the pieces of the statue to small and light things which could be blown away by the wind. Alternate translation: “like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 2 35 fe57 figs-litotes 0 there was no trace of them left This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they were completely gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DAN 2 35 nfy2 0 filled the whole earth Alternate translation: “spread over the whole earth”
DAN 2 36 b8tq 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 36 utl6 figs-pronouns 0 Now we will tell the king Here “we” refers only to Daniel. He may have used to plural form in humility to avoid taking credit for knowing the meaning of the dream that God had revealed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DAN 2 37 e2xg 0 king of the kings Alternate translation: “the most important king” or “a king who rules over other kings”
DAN 2 37 gfj7 figs-doublet 0 the power, the strength These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -115,20 +111,16 @@ DAN 2 38 ed9h figs-metonymy 0 the place where the human beings live The place i
DAN 2 38 t4ew figs-metonymy 0 He has given over the animals … into your hand Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “He has given you control over the animals of the fields and the birds of the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 2 38 flm9 0 birds of the heavens Here “heavens” is used in the sense of “skies.”
DAN 2 38 ffq7 writing-symlanguage 0 You are the statue’s head of gold In the king’s dream the statue’s head represents the king. Alternate translation: “The golden head symbolizes you” or “The golden head is a symbol of you and your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 2 39 a4tq 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 39 t5ct figs-explicit 0 another kingdom will arise In the king’s dream his kingdom is gold so an inferior kingdom would be silver. Alternate translation: “another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise” or “another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 2 39 c45r writing-symlanguage 0 yet a third kingdom of bronze This is symbolic language where the bronze of parts of the statue represent a future kingdom. Alternate translation: “then still another kingdom, which is represented by the bronze parts of the statue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 2 39 k4z1 translate-ordinal 0 a third kingdom “kingdom number three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 2 40 v1d8 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 40 q2dl translate-ordinal 0 There will be a fourth kingdom “There will be a kingdom number four” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 2 40 d7bf figs-simile 0 strong as iron The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as strong as iron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 2 40 rjj2 writing-symlanguage 0 It will shatter all these things and crush them This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 2 40 qn2j 0 all these things Alternate translation: “the previous kingdoms”
DAN 2 41 y27x 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 41 lp4z 0 Just as you saw Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet.
DAN 2 41 bc2q figs-activepassive 0 were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “were a mixture of baked clay and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 43 c3hf 0 they will not stay together Alternate translation: “they will not remain united”
DAN 2 44 zd8x 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 44 fan9 0 In the days of those kings Here “those kings” refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue.
DAN 2 44 d96c figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 45 u69a figs-activepassive 0 a stone was cut out of the mountain, but not by human hands This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -246,7 +238,6 @@ DAN 4 13 s8rq figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnez
DAN 4 13 mze4 0 I saw in my mind This refers to seeing a dream or vision. Alternate translation: “I saw in my dream”
DAN 4 14 l1nv figs-explicit 0 He shouted and said It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. Alternate translation: “He shouted to some people and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 4 14 rd55 0 Let the animals flee … from its branches Alternate translation: “The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches”
DAN 4 15 h8je figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. The holy messenger in the vision continues shouting to some people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 15 eb7u 0 stump of its roots This is the part of the tree that is left above the ground after a tree is cut down.
DAN 4 15 e8lj 0 dew the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings
DAN 4 16 f3wx figs-pronouns 0 Let his mind be changed … seven years pass by Since the tree represents Nebuchadnezzar, the masculine pronouns “his” and “him” in verse 16 refer to the same tree as the neuter pronoun “it” in verse 15. Alternate translation: “The man’s mind will change from a man’s mind to an animal’s mind for a period of seven years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
@ -477,7 +468,6 @@ DAN 7 6 y1jd 0 it had four heads Alternate translation: “the animal had four
DAN 7 6 jpn1 figs-activepassive 0 It was given authority to rule This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 7 g1aj writing-symlanguage 0 a fourth animal … it had ten horns This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 7 w7ww 0 trampled underfoot Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
DAN 7 8 yr9d 0 General Information: Daniel continues to describe his vision of the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md).
DAN 7 8 j87p figs-metonymy 0 the horns Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 7 8 ga8d figs-activepassive 0 Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 8 d113 figs-synecdoche 0 a mouth that was boasting about great things Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate translation: “the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -491,14 +481,12 @@ DAN 7 9 d5if figs-simile 0 the hair of his head was like pure wool Something ab
DAN 7 9 jf7e 0 pure wool Alternate translation: “clean wool” or “wool that is washed”
DAN 7 9 c4le 0 His throne was flames … its wheels were burning fire This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words “flames” and “burning fire” mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way.
DAN 7 9 lhh4 0 its wheels It is unclear why God’s throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for “wheels” if possible.
DAN 7 10 eu94 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 7 10 rab3 figs-metaphor 0 A river of fire flowed out from before him The quick way in which fire came from the presence of God is spoken of as if it was water flowing in a river. Alternate translation: “Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 7 10 z1dt 0 before him The word “him” refers to God, the Ancient of Days from [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md).
DAN 7 10 gka4 0 millions This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “thousands of thousands” or “great numbers of people”
DAN 7 10 f9kw 0 one hundred million This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “tens of thousands times tens of thousands” or “uncountable numbers of people”
DAN 7 10 h5d3 0 The court was in session This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “The judge was ready to judge” or “The judge was seated”
DAN 7 10 pyd5 0 the books were opened These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. Alternate translation: “the books of evidence were opened”
DAN 7 11 cv15 0 General Information: Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md).
DAN 7 11 g8ls figs-activepassive 0 the animal was killed … to be burned up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 11 tqd6 figs-explicit 0 the animal was killed The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. Alternate translation: “they executed the animal” or “the judge commanded and they killed the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 7 11 pms3 0 the animal This refers to the fourth animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. Alternate translation: “the most frightening animal” or “the animal that had the boastful horn”
@ -546,7 +534,6 @@ DAN 7 24 cn9p figs-explicit 0 out of this kingdom ten kings will arise They wil
DAN 7 24 iw64 figs-explicit 0 another will arise after them This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as “the eleventh king.” Alternate translation: “after that an eleventh king will become powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 7 24 qun4 0 He will be different from the previous ones Alternate translation: “He will be different from the other ten kings”
DAN 7 24 x7hx figs-explicit 0 he will conquer the three kings He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. Alternate translation: “he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 7 25 w3b9 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: The man in Daniel’s vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 25 xih7 figs-idiom 0 He will speak words against the Most High This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 7 25 ce61 0 He will try … into his hand The words “He” and “his” refer to the newest king, not the Most High.
DAN 7 25 nt2f 0 the holy people Alternate translation: “God’s holy people”
@ -557,7 +544,6 @@ DAN 7 26 is1x 0 the court will be in session This means that the judge will be
DAN 7 26 iln2 0 they will take his royal power away Alternate translation: “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king”
DAN 7 26 j3ya 0 royal power This, here, refers to “authority.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](../07/14.md).
DAN 7 26 plf7 figs-activepassive 0 to be consumed and destroyed at the end This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 27 dj39 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: The man in Daniel’s vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 27 hh11 figs-activepassive 0 The kingdom and the dominion … will be given to the people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will give the kingdom and the dominion … to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 27 c6lf figs-doublet 0 The kingdom and the dominion These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 7 27 p5c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the greatness of the kingdoms The abstract noun “greatness” can be translated with the adjective “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -629,7 +615,6 @@ DAN 8 25 u9tg figs-metonymy 0 under his hand Here “hand” refers to his rule
DAN 8 25 f6qi 0 King of kings This refers to God.
DAN 8 25 asi1 figs-metonymy 0 he will be broken Here “he” refers to his power. Alternate translation: “his rule will end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 25 cxx3 figs-metonymy 0 not by any human hand Here “hand” refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “not by any human power” or “by divine power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 26 cp6e 0 General Information: The angel continues to instruct Daniel about the visions that Daniel saw.
DAN 8 26 cer6 figs-metaphor 0 seal up the vision The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. Alternate translation: “close and seal up what you have written about the vision” or “do not tell anyone about the vision now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 8 27 us1l 0 was overcome and lay weak for several days Alternate translation: “was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days”
DAN 8 27 c42h 0 went about the king’s business Alternate translation: “did the work that the king had assigned to me”
@ -647,26 +632,22 @@ DAN 9 3 v1yi figs-metaphor 0 to seek him Those who want to know Yahweh and plea
DAN 9 3 ni5z translate-symaction 0 fasting, wearing sackcloth, and sitting in ashes These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 9 4 waz8 0 I made confession of our sins Alternate translation: “I confessed our sins”
DAN 9 4 q4bd 0 you are the one who keeps the covenant and is faithful to love those Alternate translation: “you do what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those”
DAN 9 5 wju1 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
DAN 9 5 bz6l figs-parallelism 0 We have sinned and have done what is wrong These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 9 5 ie62 figs-parallelism 0 We have acted wickedly and we have rebelled These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 9 5 fu8v figs-doublet 0 your commands and decrees The words “commands” and “decrees” share similar meanings and refer to the whole law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 9 6 x5wh figs-metonymy 0 We have not listened to your servants Here “not listened” means they did not obey their message. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed the message of your prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 6 hp4w figs-metonymy 0 spoke in your name Here “name” refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “spoke with your authority” or “spoke as your representative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 6 et6z 0 the people of the land Here “land” refers to Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people”
DAN 9 7 ei62 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
DAN 9 7 fy69 figs-metaphor 0 To you, Lord, belongs righteousness Being righteous is spoken of as if “righteousness” were an object that belongs to Yahweh. The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as “righteous.” Alternate translation: “Lord, you are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 9 7 x7i6 figs-metaphor 0 To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people Being ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that belongs to people. The abstract noun “shame” can be stated as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 9 7 k8fa figs-exclusive 0 To us today The word “us” includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
DAN 9 7 kk5y figs-idiom 0 belongs shame on our faces This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 7 u1gy 0 because of the great treachery that we committed against you Alternate translation: “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you”
DAN 9 9 yg1d 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
DAN 9 9 vqm3 figs-metaphor 0 To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: “The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 9 10 kf4g figs-metonymy 0 We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 11 b68w figs-idiom 0 turned aside The words “turned aside” mean that Israel stopped obeying God’s laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 11 qk6k figs-activepassive 0 that are written in the law of Moses This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that Moses wrote about in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 11 n3rz figs-metaphor 0 have been poured out on us The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have brought upon us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 12 wrt9 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
DAN 9 12 n2ng figs-idiom 0 For under the whole of heaven This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “For in the whole world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 12 l46l figs-activepassive 0 there has not been done anything “nothing has been done.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing has happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 12 vbx2 figs-activepassive 0 what has been done to Jerusalem This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -756,7 +737,6 @@ DAN 10 12 n99a figs-activepassive 0 your words were heard This can be expressed
DAN 10 13 qc85 0 prince Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. Alternate translation: “spirit prince”
DAN 10 13 rag2 0 the kings of Persia This probably refers to the various kings who ruled over nations in the Persian Empire, and who had to obey the king of Persia.
DAN 10 13 as4y 0 Michael, one of the chief princes Alternate translation: “Michael, on of the chief angels” or “Michael, one of the archangels”
DAN 10 14 b23e 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 10 15 lq7d 0 I turned my face toward the ground “I looked at the ground.” Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid.
DAN 10 16 dt5j 0 One who was like the sons of man This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. Alternate translation: “This one, who looked like a human”
DAN 10 16 wv9e figs-idiom 0 like the sons of man Here this expression refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -781,43 +761,35 @@ DAN 11 2 eq9g 0 Three kings will arise in Persia Alternate translation: “Thr
DAN 11 2 ed2c translate-ordinal 0 a fourth will be far richer than all the others “after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 11 2 dk4x 0 power This could mean: (1) authority or (2) military power.
DAN 11 2 e62r 0 he will stir up everyone Alternate translation: “he will cause everyone to want to fight”
DAN 11 3 y2cv 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 3 l9xy figs-metaphor 0 A mighty king will rise up The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 3 xg79 0 who will rule a very great kingdom This could mean: (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.
DAN 11 4 ti9p figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be broken and divided This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 4 ewb2 0 the four winds of heaven See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/02.md).
DAN 11 4 v3mc figs-ellipsis 0 but not to his own descendants The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: “but it will not be divided for his own descendants” or “but it will not be shared by his own descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DAN 11 4 a3z5 figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be uprooted for others besides his descendants The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone destroyed by uprooting it. This idea can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom and others who are not his descendants will rule over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 5 vns2 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 5 xd9k 0 one of his commanders will become even stronger than he and will rule his kingdom with great power A commander of the king of the South will become the king of the North.
DAN 11 6 lv1j 0 they will make an alliance The king of the South will make an alliance with the king of the North. This alliance would be a formal agreement that both nations are required to follow. Alternate translation: “the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together”
DAN 11 6 n6pd 0 The daughter of the king of the South will come … to confirm the agreement The king of the South will give his daughter in marriage to the king of the North. The marriage will confirm the agreement between the two kings.
DAN 11 6 lf4z figs-metaphor 0 her arm’s strength … his arm Here “arm” stands for power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 6 d6vs figs-activepassive 0 She will be abandoned This appears to refer to a plot to kill her and those who made the alliance. This phrase may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “They will abandon her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 7 r8ie 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 7 dvw9 figs-metaphor 0 a branch from her roots This family is spoken of as if it were a tree. The roots represent ancestors, and the branch represents a descendant. Alternate translation: “a descendant of her ancestors” or “one of her descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 7 rfw3 0 her roots The word “her” refers to the daughter of the king of the South in [Daniel 11:6](../11/06.md).
DAN 11 7 u8jk figs-synecdoche 0 He will attack the army The word “he” refers to her descendant, and here it also refers to his army. Alternate translation: “He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 11 7 jj5j 0 He will fight them Here “them” represents the soldiers of the enemy army. Alternate translation: “He will fight the enemy soldiers”
DAN 11 9 lpm6 0 but he will withdraw The word “he” refers to the king of the North.
DAN 11 10 l8lr 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 10 b8ne 0 His sons Alternate translation: “The sons of the king of the North”
DAN 11 10 d4ad 0 assemble a great army Alternate translation: “gather together many men who can fight in battles”
DAN 11 10 t3xu figs-simile 0 will flood everything The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. Alternate translation: “will be so great in number that they will cover all the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 11 11 m2y4 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 11 z45y 0 will raise up a great army Alternate translation: “will assemble a great army”
DAN 11 11 wzt8 figs-activepassive 0 the army will be given into his hand Here “hand” represents the control of the king of the South. Alternate translation: “the king will surrender the army to the king of the South” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 12 dv6k figs-activepassive 0 The army will be carried off This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The king of the South will capture the army of the North” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 12 sc8a figs-metaphor 0 will be lifted up Being lifted up represents the idea of becoming very proud. Alternate translation: “will become very proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 12 yul2 figs-metonymy 0 will make tens of thousands to fall Here falling represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies” or “will kill many thousands of his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 12 tj1u translate-numbers 0 tens of thousands “many thousands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 11 13 e956 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 13 lhx7 figs-activepassive 0 a great army supplied with much equipment This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a great army that has much equipment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 14 z7g2 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 14 d4rt figs-metaphor 0 many will rise against the king Here the idea of rising up represents rebelling. Alternate translation: “many people will rebel against the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 14 l5gp figs-metaphor 0 Sons of the violent This expression stands for violent people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 14 rd3t figs-metaphor 0 they will stumble Here stumbling represents failing. Alternate translation: “they will not succeed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 15 r1i6 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 15 eu1n figs-synecdoche 0 The king of the North will come Here “king of the North” includes his army also. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of the North will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 11 15 tqb1 0 pour out earth for siege mounds This refers to the piling up of earth in order for soldiers to reach the height of city walls in order to attack them. Soldiers and slaves would put loose earth in baskets, carry them to the right place, and pour it out in order to raise the mounds.
DAN 11 15 f3vi 0 fortifications walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers
@ -826,7 +798,6 @@ DAN 11 16 nm4j 0 the one who comes will act according to his desires against h
DAN 11 16 zl4i figs-metonymy 0 He will stand in Here standing represents ruling. Alternate translation: “The king will begin to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 16 d31f 0 the land of beauty This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md).
DAN 11 16 bmr3 figs-metaphor 0 destruction will be in his hand Here “destruction” represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “he will have power to destroy anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 17 s8fx 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 17 cr5f figs-idiom 0 set his face This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. Alternate translation: “decide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 11 17 hz1p figs-metonymy 0 come with the strength of his entire kingdom This probably refers to military power. Alternate translation: “come with the force of all his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 17 pl8v figs-idiom 0 a daughter of women This is an elegant way of saying “a woman.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -834,7 +805,6 @@ DAN 11 18 y98a 0 will end his arrogance Alternate translation: “will make th
DAN 11 18 t5p9 0 will cause his arrogance to turn back upon him Alternate translation: “will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others”
DAN 11 19 ef5y 0 he will pay attention Alternate translation: “the king of the North will pay attention”
DAN 11 19 x9wd figs-idiom 0 he will not be found This is a way of saying that he will die. This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will disappear” or “he will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 20 yg3t 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 20 kdc5 figs-metaphor 0 someone will rise up in his place Rising up in a king’s place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: “another man will become king of the North instead of that king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 20 j9ng figs-explicit 0 will make a tax collector pass through The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. Alternate translation: “will send someone to make the people pay taxes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 11 20 c17c figs-metaphor 0 he will be broken Here “he” refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. Alternate translation: “the new king will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -843,11 +813,9 @@ DAN 11 21 jzb9 figs-activepassive 0 a despised person to whom the people will n
DAN 11 22 h918 figs-activepassive 0 An army will be swept away like a flood from before him Being swept away represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 11 22 pp6n figs-activepassive 0 Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 22 kdw5 0 the leader of the covenant “the leader of the priests.” This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest.
DAN 11 23 hq64 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 23 ws3q figs-activepassive 0 From the time an alliance is made with him This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When other rulers make a peace treaty with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 24 ml78 0 will spread among his followers Alternate translation: “will distribute to his followers”
DAN 11 24 e41l 0 the booty, the plunder, and the wealth Alternate translation: “the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat”
DAN 11 25 skn8 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 25 gu4a figs-personification 0 He will wake up his power and his heart Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. Alternate translation: “He will make himself powerful and will become courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 11 25 xr4i figs-metaphor 0 heart Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 25 l4sg 0 with a great army Alternate translation: “with a great army that he will assemble”
@ -925,7 +893,6 @@ DAN 11 45 cil2 0 the tent of his royal residence This refers to the king’s l
DAN 11 45 dk8u 0 between the seas and the mountain of the beauty of holiness This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Mount in Jerusalem.
DAN 11 45 k8sp figs-metonymy 0 the mountain of the beauty of holiness This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God’s temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in [Daniel 9:16](../09/16.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 12 intro l8k2 0 # Daniel 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The final prophecy concludes in this chapter. It tells about the future resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judgmentday]])
DAN 12 1 l9vr 0 General Information: The angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md) continues speaking.
DAN 12 1 c4hl 0 Michael, the great prince Michael is an archangel. Here he is also given the title “great prince.”
DAN 12 1 svv2 figs-idiom 0 Michael … will rise up Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to appear. Alternate translation: “Michael … will appear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 12 1 c1ic figs-activepassive 0 your people will be saved This can be stated in active form. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. Alternate translation: “God will save your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -953,7 +920,6 @@ DAN 12 8 as7u 0 My master Daniel refers to the angel clothed in linen as “My
DAN 12 8 cd6n 0 of all these things At the time when the angel clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
DAN 12 9 g3nw figs-metaphor 0 for the words are shut up and sealed The vision that was given to Daniel was not to be explained. The book was sealed and no one could access it. Alternate translation: “for you are to close up and seal the words you have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 12 9 c98p 0 the time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
DAN 12 10 znp4 0 General Information: The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 12 10 k53f figs-activepassive 0 Many will be purified, cleansed, and refined Yahweh does the purifying. These three terms mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will purify, cleanse, and refine many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 12 10 nnz4 0 refined purified by removing anything that does not belong in them
DAN 12 10 b2dg 0 but the wicked will act wickedly The evil people will do evil or sinful things.
@ -962,7 +928,6 @@ DAN 12 10 j874 0 but those who are wise will understand Alternate translation:
DAN 12 11 ux9k figs-explicit 0 the regular burnt offering is … is set up The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. Alternate translation: “the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 12 11 cg65 figs-idiom 0 the abomination that causes complete desolation This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 12 11 f32x translate-numbers 0 1,290 days “one thousand two and hundred ninety days” or “twelve hundred and ninety days.” Here “days” refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 12 12 f6x5 0 General Information: The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 12 12 gpx3 0 Blessed is the one who waits Alternate translation: “Blessed is the person who waits” or “Blessed is anyone who waits”
DAN 12 12 dy9t 0 who waits Alternate translation: “who remains faithful”
DAN 12 12 lqv9 translate-numbers 0 the 1,335 days “one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days” or “thirteen hundred and thirty-five days.” Here “days” is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
93 DAN 2 26 z3qq translate-names 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
94 DAN 2 27 b59r figs-activepassive 0 The mystery that the king has asked about … not by astrologers This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
95 DAN 2 27 r8dh 0 The mystery that the king has asked about This phrase refers to the king’s dream.
DAN 2 29 fm11 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
96 DAN 2 29 as3u figs-explicit 0 the one who reveals mysteries This phrase refers to God. Alternate translation: “God, who reveals mysteries” or “God, who makes mysteries known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
97 DAN 2 30 v6bt figs-activepassive 0 this mystery was not revealed to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not reveal this mystery to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
98 DAN 2 30 qk3n figs-activepassive 0 This mystery was revealed to me so that you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He revealed the mystery to me so that you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
99 DAN 2 30 ca22 figs-synecdoche 0 know the thoughts deep within you This phrase is using the word “you” referring to the person’s mind. Alternate translation: “know the thoughts deep inside your mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 2 31 c17n 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
100 DAN 2 32 qp26 0 was made of fine gold Alternate translation: “was of fine gold” or “was fine gold”
101 DAN 2 33 n7d7 0 were made partly of iron and partly of clay Alternate translation: “were partly of iron and partly of clay” or “were partly iron and partly clay”
DAN 2 34 upd5 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
102 DAN 2 34 e77j figs-activepassive 0 a stone was cut out, although not by human hands, and it This can be stated in active form if it is divided into two sentences. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from a mountain, but it was not a human who cut it. The stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
103 DAN 2 35 si32 figs-simile 0 like the chaff of the threshing floors in the summer This phrase is comparing the pieces of the statue to small and light things which could be blown away by the wind. Alternate translation: “like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
104 DAN 2 35 fe57 figs-litotes 0 there was no trace of them left This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they were completely gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
105 DAN 2 35 nfy2 0 filled the whole earth Alternate translation: “spread over the whole earth”
DAN 2 36 b8tq 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
106 DAN 2 36 utl6 figs-pronouns 0 Now we will tell the king Here “we” refers only to Daniel. He may have used to plural form in humility to avoid taking credit for knowing the meaning of the dream that God had revealed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
107 DAN 2 37 e2xg 0 king of the kings Alternate translation: “the most important king” or “a king who rules over other kings”
108 DAN 2 37 gfj7 figs-doublet 0 the power, the strength These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
111 DAN 2 38 t4ew figs-metonymy 0 He has given over the animals … into your hand Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “He has given you control over the animals of the fields and the birds of the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
112 DAN 2 38 flm9 0 birds of the heavens Here “heavens” is used in the sense of “skies.”
113 DAN 2 38 ffq7 writing-symlanguage 0 You are the statue’s head of gold In the king’s dream the statue’s head represents the king. Alternate translation: “The golden head symbolizes you” or “The golden head is a symbol of you and your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 2 39 a4tq 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
114 DAN 2 39 t5ct figs-explicit 0 another kingdom will arise In the king’s dream his kingdom is gold so an inferior kingdom would be silver. Alternate translation: “another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise” or “another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
115 DAN 2 39 c45r writing-symlanguage 0 yet a third kingdom of bronze This is symbolic language where the bronze of parts of the statue represent a future kingdom. Alternate translation: “then still another kingdom, which is represented by the bronze parts of the statue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
116 DAN 2 39 k4z1 translate-ordinal 0 a third kingdom “kingdom number three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 2 40 v1d8 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
117 DAN 2 40 q2dl translate-ordinal 0 There will be a fourth kingdom “There will be a kingdom number four” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
118 DAN 2 40 d7bf figs-simile 0 strong as iron The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as strong as iron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
119 DAN 2 40 rjj2 writing-symlanguage 0 It will shatter all these things and crush them This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
120 DAN 2 40 qn2j 0 all these things Alternate translation: “the previous kingdoms”
DAN 2 41 y27x 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
121 DAN 2 41 lp4z 0 Just as you saw Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet.
122 DAN 2 41 bc2q figs-activepassive 0 were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “were a mixture of baked clay and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
123 DAN 2 43 c3hf 0 they will not stay together Alternate translation: “they will not remain united”
DAN 2 44 zd8x 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
124 DAN 2 44 fan9 0 In the days of those kings Here “those kings” refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue.
125 DAN 2 44 d96c figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
126 DAN 2 45 u69a figs-activepassive 0 a stone was cut out of the mountain, but not by human hands This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
238 DAN 4 13 mze4 0 I saw in my mind This refers to seeing a dream or vision. Alternate translation: “I saw in my dream”
239 DAN 4 14 l1nv figs-explicit 0 He shouted and said It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. Alternate translation: “He shouted to some people and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
240 DAN 4 14 rd55 0 Let the animals flee … from its branches Alternate translation: “The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches”
DAN 4 15 h8je figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. The holy messenger in the vision continues shouting to some people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
241 DAN 4 15 eb7u 0 stump of its roots This is the part of the tree that is left above the ground after a tree is cut down.
242 DAN 4 15 e8lj 0 dew the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings
243 DAN 4 16 f3wx figs-pronouns 0 Let his mind be changed … seven years pass by Since the tree represents Nebuchadnezzar, the masculine pronouns “his” and “him” in verse 16 refer to the same tree as the neuter pronoun “it” in verse 15. Alternate translation: “The man’s mind will change from a man’s mind to an animal’s mind for a period of seven years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
468 DAN 7 6 jpn1 figs-activepassive 0 It was given authority to rule This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
469 DAN 7 7 g1aj writing-symlanguage 0 a fourth animal … it had ten horns This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
470 DAN 7 7 w7ww 0 trampled underfoot Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
DAN 7 8 yr9d 0 General Information: Daniel continues to describe his vision of the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md).
471 DAN 7 8 j87p figs-metonymy 0 the horns Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
472 DAN 7 8 ga8d figs-activepassive 0 Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
473 DAN 7 8 d113 figs-synecdoche 0 a mouth that was boasting about great things Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate translation: “the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
481 DAN 7 9 jf7e 0 pure wool Alternate translation: “clean wool” or “wool that is washed”
482 DAN 7 9 c4le 0 His throne was flames … its wheels were burning fire This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words “flames” and “burning fire” mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way.
483 DAN 7 9 lhh4 0 its wheels It is unclear why God’s throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for “wheels” if possible.
DAN 7 10 eu94 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
484 DAN 7 10 rab3 figs-metaphor 0 A river of fire flowed out from before him The quick way in which fire came from the presence of God is spoken of as if it was water flowing in a river. Alternate translation: “Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
485 DAN 7 10 z1dt 0 before him The word “him” refers to God, the Ancient of Days from [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md).
486 DAN 7 10 gka4 0 millions This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “thousands of thousands” or “great numbers of people”
487 DAN 7 10 f9kw 0 one hundred million This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “tens of thousands times tens of thousands” or “uncountable numbers of people”
488 DAN 7 10 h5d3 0 The court was in session This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “The judge was ready to judge” or “The judge was seated”
489 DAN 7 10 pyd5 0 the books were opened These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. Alternate translation: “the books of evidence were opened”
DAN 7 11 cv15 0 General Information: Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md).
490 DAN 7 11 g8ls figs-activepassive 0 the animal was killed … to be burned up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
491 DAN 7 11 tqd6 figs-explicit 0 the animal was killed The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. Alternate translation: “they executed the animal” or “the judge commanded and they killed the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
492 DAN 7 11 pms3 0 the animal This refers to the fourth animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. Alternate translation: “the most frightening animal” or “the animal that had the boastful horn”
534 DAN 7 24 iw64 figs-explicit 0 another will arise after them This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as “the eleventh king.” Alternate translation: “after that an eleventh king will become powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
535 DAN 7 24 qun4 0 He will be different from the previous ones Alternate translation: “He will be different from the other ten kings”
536 DAN 7 24 x7hx figs-explicit 0 he will conquer the three kings He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. Alternate translation: “he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 7 25 w3b9 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: The man in Daniel’s vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
537 DAN 7 25 xih7 figs-idiom 0 He will speak words against the Most High This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
538 DAN 7 25 ce61 0 He will try … into his hand The words “He” and “his” refer to the newest king, not the Most High.
539 DAN 7 25 nt2f 0 the holy people Alternate translation: “God’s holy people”
544 DAN 7 26 iln2 0 they will take his royal power away Alternate translation: “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king”
545 DAN 7 26 j3ya 0 royal power This, here, refers to “authority.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](../07/14.md).
546 DAN 7 26 plf7 figs-activepassive 0 to be consumed and destroyed at the end This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 27 dj39 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: The man in Daniel’s vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
547 DAN 7 27 hh11 figs-activepassive 0 The kingdom and the dominion … will be given to the people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will give the kingdom and the dominion … to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
548 DAN 7 27 c6lf figs-doublet 0 The kingdom and the dominion These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
549 DAN 7 27 p5c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the greatness of the kingdoms The abstract noun “greatness” can be translated with the adjective “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
615 DAN 8 25 f6qi 0 King of kings This refers to God.
616 DAN 8 25 asi1 figs-metonymy 0 he will be broken Here “he” refers to his power. Alternate translation: “his rule will end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
617 DAN 8 25 cxx3 figs-metonymy 0 not by any human hand Here “hand” refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “not by any human power” or “by divine power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 26 cp6e 0 General Information: The angel continues to instruct Daniel about the visions that Daniel saw.
618 DAN 8 26 cer6 figs-metaphor 0 seal up the vision The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. Alternate translation: “close and seal up what you have written about the vision” or “do not tell anyone about the vision now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
619 DAN 8 27 us1l 0 was overcome and lay weak for several days Alternate translation: “was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days”
620 DAN 8 27 c42h 0 went about the king’s business Alternate translation: “did the work that the king had assigned to me”
632 DAN 9 3 ni5z translate-symaction 0 fasting, wearing sackcloth, and sitting in ashes These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
633 DAN 9 4 waz8 0 I made confession of our sins Alternate translation: “I confessed our sins”
634 DAN 9 4 q4bd 0 you are the one who keeps the covenant and is faithful to love those Alternate translation: “you do what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those”
DAN 9 5 wju1 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
635 DAN 9 5 bz6l figs-parallelism 0 We have sinned and have done what is wrong These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
636 DAN 9 5 ie62 figs-parallelism 0 We have acted wickedly and we have rebelled These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
637 DAN 9 5 fu8v figs-doublet 0 your commands and decrees The words “commands” and “decrees” share similar meanings and refer to the whole law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
638 DAN 9 6 x5wh figs-metonymy 0 We have not listened to your servants Here “not listened” means they did not obey their message. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed the message of your prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
639 DAN 9 6 hp4w figs-metonymy 0 spoke in your name Here “name” refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “spoke with your authority” or “spoke as your representative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
640 DAN 9 6 et6z 0 the people of the land Here “land” refers to Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people”
DAN 9 7 ei62 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
641 DAN 9 7 fy69 figs-metaphor 0 To you, Lord, belongs righteousness Being righteous is spoken of as if “righteousness” were an object that belongs to Yahweh. The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as “righteous.” Alternate translation: “Lord, you are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
642 DAN 9 7 x7i6 figs-metaphor 0 To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people Being ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that belongs to people. The abstract noun “shame” can be stated as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
643 DAN 9 7 k8fa figs-exclusive 0 To us today The word “us” includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
644 DAN 9 7 kk5y figs-idiom 0 belongs shame on our faces This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
645 DAN 9 7 u1gy 0 because of the great treachery that we committed against you Alternate translation: “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you”
DAN 9 9 yg1d 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
646 DAN 9 9 vqm3 figs-metaphor 0 To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: “The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
647 DAN 9 10 kf4g figs-metonymy 0 We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
648 DAN 9 11 b68w figs-idiom 0 turned aside The words “turned aside” mean that Israel stopped obeying God’s laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
649 DAN 9 11 qk6k figs-activepassive 0 that are written in the law of Moses This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that Moses wrote about in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
650 DAN 9 11 n3rz figs-metaphor 0 have been poured out on us The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have brought upon us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 12 wrt9 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
651 DAN 9 12 n2ng figs-idiom 0 For under the whole of heaven This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “For in the whole world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
652 DAN 9 12 l46l figs-activepassive 0 there has not been done anything “nothing has been done.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing has happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
653 DAN 9 12 vbx2 figs-activepassive 0 what has been done to Jerusalem This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
737 DAN 10 13 qc85 0 prince Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. Alternate translation: “spirit prince”
738 DAN 10 13 rag2 0 the kings of Persia This probably refers to the various kings who ruled over nations in the Persian Empire, and who had to obey the king of Persia.
739 DAN 10 13 as4y 0 Michael, one of the chief princes Alternate translation: “Michael, on of the chief angels” or “Michael, one of the archangels”
DAN 10 14 b23e 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
740 DAN 10 15 lq7d 0 I turned my face toward the ground “I looked at the ground.” Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid.
741 DAN 10 16 dt5j 0 One who was like the sons of man This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. Alternate translation: “This one, who looked like a human”
742 DAN 10 16 wv9e figs-idiom 0 like the sons of man Here this expression refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
761 DAN 11 2 ed2c translate-ordinal 0 a fourth will be far richer than all the others “after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
762 DAN 11 2 dk4x 0 power This could mean: (1) authority or (2) military power.
763 DAN 11 2 e62r 0 he will stir up everyone Alternate translation: “he will cause everyone to want to fight”
DAN 11 3 y2cv 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
764 DAN 11 3 l9xy figs-metaphor 0 A mighty king will rise up The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
765 DAN 11 3 xg79 0 who will rule a very great kingdom This could mean: (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.
766 DAN 11 4 ti9p figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be broken and divided This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
767 DAN 11 4 ewb2 0 the four winds of heaven See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/02.md).
768 DAN 11 4 v3mc figs-ellipsis 0 but not to his own descendants The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: “but it will not be divided for his own descendants” or “but it will not be shared by his own descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
769 DAN 11 4 a3z5 figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be uprooted for others besides his descendants The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone destroyed by uprooting it. This idea can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom and others who are not his descendants will rule over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 5 vns2 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
770 DAN 11 5 xd9k 0 one of his commanders will become even stronger than he and will rule his kingdom with great power A commander of the king of the South will become the king of the North.
771 DAN 11 6 lv1j 0 they will make an alliance The king of the South will make an alliance with the king of the North. This alliance would be a formal agreement that both nations are required to follow. Alternate translation: “the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together”
772 DAN 11 6 n6pd 0 The daughter of the king of the South will come … to confirm the agreement The king of the South will give his daughter in marriage to the king of the North. The marriage will confirm the agreement between the two kings.
773 DAN 11 6 lf4z figs-metaphor 0 her arm’s strength … his arm Here “arm” stands for power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
774 DAN 11 6 d6vs figs-activepassive 0 She will be abandoned This appears to refer to a plot to kill her and those who made the alliance. This phrase may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “They will abandon her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 7 r8ie 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
775 DAN 11 7 dvw9 figs-metaphor 0 a branch from her roots This family is spoken of as if it were a tree. The roots represent ancestors, and the branch represents a descendant. Alternate translation: “a descendant of her ancestors” or “one of her descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
776 DAN 11 7 rfw3 0 her roots The word “her” refers to the daughter of the king of the South in [Daniel 11:6](../11/06.md).
777 DAN 11 7 u8jk figs-synecdoche 0 He will attack the army The word “he” refers to her descendant, and here it also refers to his army. Alternate translation: “He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
778 DAN 11 7 jj5j 0 He will fight them Here “them” represents the soldiers of the enemy army. Alternate translation: “He will fight the enemy soldiers”
779 DAN 11 9 lpm6 0 but he will withdraw The word “he” refers to the king of the North.
DAN 11 10 l8lr 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
780 DAN 11 10 b8ne 0 His sons Alternate translation: “The sons of the king of the North”
781 DAN 11 10 d4ad 0 assemble a great army Alternate translation: “gather together many men who can fight in battles”
782 DAN 11 10 t3xu figs-simile 0 will flood everything The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. Alternate translation: “will be so great in number that they will cover all the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 11 11 m2y4 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
783 DAN 11 11 z45y 0 will raise up a great army Alternate translation: “will assemble a great army”
784 DAN 11 11 wzt8 figs-activepassive 0 the army will be given into his hand Here “hand” represents the control of the king of the South. Alternate translation: “the king will surrender the army to the king of the South” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
785 DAN 11 12 dv6k figs-activepassive 0 The army will be carried off This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The king of the South will capture the army of the North” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
786 DAN 11 12 sc8a figs-metaphor 0 will be lifted up Being lifted up represents the idea of becoming very proud. Alternate translation: “will become very proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
787 DAN 11 12 yul2 figs-metonymy 0 will make tens of thousands to fall Here falling represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies” or “will kill many thousands of his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
788 DAN 11 12 tj1u translate-numbers 0 tens of thousands “many thousands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 11 13 e956 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
789 DAN 11 13 lhx7 figs-activepassive 0 a great army supplied with much equipment This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a great army that has much equipment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 14 z7g2 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
790 DAN 11 14 d4rt figs-metaphor 0 many will rise against the king Here the idea of rising up represents rebelling. Alternate translation: “many people will rebel against the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
791 DAN 11 14 l5gp figs-metaphor 0 Sons of the violent This expression stands for violent people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
792 DAN 11 14 rd3t figs-metaphor 0 they will stumble Here stumbling represents failing. Alternate translation: “they will not succeed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 15 r1i6 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
793 DAN 11 15 eu1n figs-synecdoche 0 The king of the North will come Here “king of the North” includes his army also. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of the North will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
794 DAN 11 15 tqb1 0 pour out earth for siege mounds This refers to the piling up of earth in order for soldiers to reach the height of city walls in order to attack them. Soldiers and slaves would put loose earth in baskets, carry them to the right place, and pour it out in order to raise the mounds.
795 DAN 11 15 f3vi 0 fortifications walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers
798 DAN 11 16 zl4i figs-metonymy 0 He will stand in Here standing represents ruling. Alternate translation: “The king will begin to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
799 DAN 11 16 d31f 0 the land of beauty This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md).
800 DAN 11 16 bmr3 figs-metaphor 0 destruction will be in his hand Here “destruction” represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “he will have power to destroy anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 17 s8fx 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
801 DAN 11 17 cr5f figs-idiom 0 set his face This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. Alternate translation: “decide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
802 DAN 11 17 hz1p figs-metonymy 0 come with the strength of his entire kingdom This probably refers to military power. Alternate translation: “come with the force of all his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
803 DAN 11 17 pl8v figs-idiom 0 a daughter of women This is an elegant way of saying “a woman.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
805 DAN 11 18 t5p9 0 will cause his arrogance to turn back upon him Alternate translation: “will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others”
806 DAN 11 19 ef5y 0 he will pay attention Alternate translation: “the king of the North will pay attention”
807 DAN 11 19 x9wd figs-idiom 0 he will not be found This is a way of saying that he will die. This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will disappear” or “he will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 20 yg3t 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
808 DAN 11 20 kdc5 figs-metaphor 0 someone will rise up in his place Rising up in a king’s place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: “another man will become king of the North instead of that king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
809 DAN 11 20 j9ng figs-explicit 0 will make a tax collector pass through The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. Alternate translation: “will send someone to make the people pay taxes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
810 DAN 11 20 c17c figs-metaphor 0 he will be broken Here “he” refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. Alternate translation: “the new king will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
813 DAN 11 22 h918 figs-activepassive 0 An army will be swept away like a flood from before him Being swept away represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
814 DAN 11 22 pp6n figs-activepassive 0 Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
815 DAN 11 22 kdw5 0 the leader of the covenant “the leader of the priests.” This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest.
DAN 11 23 hq64 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
816 DAN 11 23 ws3q figs-activepassive 0 From the time an alliance is made with him This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When other rulers make a peace treaty with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
817 DAN 11 24 ml78 0 will spread among his followers Alternate translation: “will distribute to his followers”
818 DAN 11 24 e41l 0 the booty, the plunder, and the wealth Alternate translation: “the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat”
DAN 11 25 skn8 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
819 DAN 11 25 gu4a figs-personification 0 He will wake up his power and his heart Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. Alternate translation: “He will make himself powerful and will become courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
820 DAN 11 25 xr4i figs-metaphor 0 heart Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
821 DAN 11 25 l4sg 0 with a great army Alternate translation: “with a great army that he will assemble”
893 DAN 11 45 dk8u 0 between the seas and the mountain of the beauty of holiness This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Mount in Jerusalem.
894 DAN 11 45 k8sp figs-metonymy 0 the mountain of the beauty of holiness This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God’s temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in [Daniel 9:16](../09/16.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
895 DAN 12 intro l8k2 0 # Daniel 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The final prophecy concludes in this chapter. It tells about the future resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judgmentday]])
DAN 12 1 l9vr 0 General Information: The angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md) continues speaking.
896 DAN 12 1 c4hl 0 Michael, the great prince Michael is an archangel. Here he is also given the title “great prince.”
897 DAN 12 1 svv2 figs-idiom 0 Michael … will rise up Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to appear. Alternate translation: “Michael … will appear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
898 DAN 12 1 c1ic figs-activepassive 0 your people will be saved This can be stated in active form. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. Alternate translation: “God will save your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
920 DAN 12 8 cd6n 0 of all these things At the time when the angel clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
921 DAN 12 9 g3nw figs-metaphor 0 for the words are shut up and sealed The vision that was given to Daniel was not to be explained. The book was sealed and no one could access it. Alternate translation: “for you are to close up and seal the words you have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
922 DAN 12 9 c98p 0 the time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
DAN 12 10 znp4 0 General Information: The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel.
923 DAN 12 10 k53f figs-activepassive 0 Many will be purified, cleansed, and refined Yahweh does the purifying. These three terms mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will purify, cleanse, and refine many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
924 DAN 12 10 nnz4 0 refined purified by removing anything that does not belong in them
925 DAN 12 10 b2dg 0 but the wicked will act wickedly The evil people will do evil or sinful things.
928 DAN 12 11 ux9k figs-explicit 0 the regular burnt offering is … is set up The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. Alternate translation: “the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
929 DAN 12 11 cg65 figs-idiom 0 the abomination that causes complete desolation This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
930 DAN 12 11 f32x translate-numbers 0 1,290 days “one thousand two and hundred ninety days” or “twelve hundred and ninety days.” Here “days” refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 12 12 f6x5 0 General Information: The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel.
931 DAN 12 12 gpx3 0 Blessed is the one who waits Alternate translation: “Blessed is the person who waits” or “Blessed is anyone who waits”
932 DAN 12 12 dy9t 0 who waits Alternate translation: “who remains faithful”
933 DAN 12 12 lqv9 translate-numbers 0 the 1,335 days “one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days” or “thirteen hundred and thirty-five days.” Here “days” is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

1
en_tn_28-HOS.tsv
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@ -109,7 +109,6 @@ HOS 4 6 qhc8 0 General Information: In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests a
HOS 4 6 pq57 figs-activepassive 0 My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 4 6 j1k4 figs-explicit 0 knowledge Here “knowledge” refers to the knowledge of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HOS 4 7 g6wy figs-metonymy 0 They exchanged their honor for shame This could mean: (1) “honor” is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and “shame” is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: “They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols” or (2) some Bible versions translate this as “I will exchange their honor for shame.” This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 4 8 j2qz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the priests.
HOS 4 8 ajz2 figs-explicit 0 They feed on the sin of my people When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 4 8 e3kk figs-explicit 0 they are greedy for more of their wickedness The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HOS 4 9 lv38 0 It will be the same for the people as for the priests Alternate translation: “The people and the priests will be punished in the same way”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
109 HOS 4 6 pq57 figs-activepassive 0 My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
110 HOS 4 6 j1k4 figs-explicit 0 knowledge Here “knowledge” refers to the knowledge of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
111 HOS 4 7 g6wy figs-metonymy 0 They exchanged their honor for shame This could mean: (1) “honor” is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and “shame” is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: “They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols” or (2) some Bible versions translate this as “I will exchange their honor for shame.” This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 4 8 j2qz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the priests.
112 HOS 4 8 ajz2 figs-explicit 0 They feed on the sin of my people When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113 HOS 4 8 e3kk figs-explicit 0 they are greedy for more of their wickedness The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
114 HOS 4 9 lv38 0 It will be the same for the people as for the priests Alternate translation: “The people and the priests will be punished in the same way”

20
en_tn_29-JOL.tsv
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@ -18,10 +18,8 @@ JOL 1 6 aj1z אַרְצִ֔⁠י 1 my land Yahweh’s land
JOL 1 7 sxr3 שָׂ֤ם…חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָ⁠הּ֙ 1 He has made … He has stripped The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as “it,” or to the locusts as “they,” or to the invader as one person.
JOL 1 7 hi96 גַּפְנִ⁠י֙…וּ⁠תְאֵנָתִ֖⁠י 1 my vineyard … my fig tree Yahweh’s vineyard and fig tree
JOL 1 7 k8l9 לְ⁠שַׁמָּ֔ה 1 desolate empty and without life
JOL 1 8 iwe3 0 General Information: God continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JOL 1 10 zn6h figs-metaphor אָבְלָ֖ה אֲדָמָ֑ה 1 the ground is mourning Here the land is spoken of as if it were a person. These words could also be seen as a metonym for the people who are mourning or even as hyperbole, that the famine is so bad that even things that are not alive are mourning. Alternate translation: “the farmers are mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOL 1 10 j565 figs-activepassive שֻׁדַּ֣ד דָּגָ֔ן 1 the grain has been destroyed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the locusts have destroyed all of the grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 1 11 mx5v 0 General Information: God continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JOL 1 11 eeq1 translate-unknown שְׂעֹרָ֑ה 1 barley a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JOL 1 12 pk4b הוֹבִ֔ישָׁה 1 withered dried up and died
JOL 1 12 r11a translate-unknown וְ⁠הַ⁠תְּאֵנָ֖ה…מּ֞וֹן…וְ⁠תַפּ֗וּחַ 1 fig … pomegranate … apple different types of fruit (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@ -35,31 +33,25 @@ JOL 1 16 r8wr figs-synecdoche נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ 1 from before
JOL 1 16 f1eb figs-ellipsis מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 joy and gladness from the house of our God You may need to fill in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: “joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOL 1 16 ppt5 figs-doublet שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 joy and gladness These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that there is no kind of joyful activity happening at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOL 1 17 y7su מֶגְרְפֹ֣תֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 clods lumps of dirt
JOL 1 18 w5nw 0 General Information: God continues to tell the priests how they should pray for Israel.
JOL 1 18 ul6j נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה 1 groan make a deep sound because of pain
JOL 1 20 n9lf אֲפִ֣יקֵי 1 brooks small streams
JOL 2 intro j2gp 0 # Joel 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues in the poetic form with striking imagery of armies and soldiers.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Locusts<br><br>This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of Israel.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>This chapter uses simile to a great extent as Joel tries to describe this army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br><br>### Metaphor<br>The drought, or severe lack of rain, Joel describes is probably a real drought. It might also be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 2 1 t9j9 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Joel continues poetry that began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOL 2 1 m7i5 תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֜ר…וְ⁠הָרִ֨יעוּ֙ 1 Blow the trumpet … sound an alarm Joel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming.
JOL 2 2 qmb9 figs-doublet י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 day of darkness and gloom The words “darkness” and “gloom” share similar meanings and emphasize that the darkness will be very dark. Both words refer to a time of disaster or divine judgment. Alternate translation: “day that is full of darkness” or “day of terrible judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 2 2 st7t וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 gloom total or partial darkness
JOL 2 2 pcr6 figs-doublet י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַ⁠עֲרָפֶ֔ל 1 day of clouds and thick darkness This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both “clouds” and “thick darkness” refer to divine judgment. Alternate translation: “day full of dark storm clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 2 2 h3d1 figs-simile כְּ⁠שַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽ⁠הָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching When direct sunlight shines on a mountain at dawn, it begins at the top and spreads to the bottom. When an army comes over a mountain range, it comes over the top and spreads out as it comes down. Alternate translation: “A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOL 2 2 ekb8 figs-metaphor עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 a large and mighty army The words “large” and “mighty” share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word **army** could possibly be: (1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or (2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOL 2 3 xcv4 0 General Information: Joel’s description of the coming army continues.
JOL 2 3 fly5 figs-metaphor לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ 1 A fire is consuming everything in front of it A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the “army” ([Joel 2:2](../02/02.md)), whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 2 3 z5iu figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַחֲרָ֖י⁠ו תְּלַהֵ֣ט לֶֽהָבָ֑ה 1 behind it a flame is burning After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 2 3 yne4 figs-simile כְּ⁠גַן־עֵ֨דֶן הָ⁠אָ֜רֶץ 1 land is like the garden of Eden The garden of Eden was a beautiful place, and the land was beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOL 2 4 ex3a 0 General Information: The description continues with the noises of an army of horses.
JOL 2 4 ztn5 figs-simile כְּ⁠מַרְאֵ֥ה סוּסִ֖ים מַרְאֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 The army’s appearance is like horses The head of a locust looks like a small horse head. The army is fast, and horses are fast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOL 2 4 fdt4 translate-unknown סוּסִ֖ים 1 horses A large, strong, fast animal with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JOL 2 4 myc3 figs-simile וּ⁠כְ⁠פָרָשִׁ֖ים כֵּ֥ן יְרוּצֽוּ⁠ן 1 they run like horsemen Men riding horses move quickly, and the army moves quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOL 2 5 m6fl יְרַקֵּד֔וּ⁠ן 1 jump A horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly.
JOL 2 5 n75f figs-simile כְּ⁠ק֣וֹל מַרְכָּב֗וֹת…כְּ⁠קוֹל֙ לַ֣הַב אֵ֔שׁ…כְּ⁠עַ֣ם עָצ֔וּם עֱר֖וּךְ מִלְחָמָֽה 1 a noise like that of chariots … like the noise of fiery flames … like a mighty army ready for battle These sounds would have been very frightening to Joel’s readers. If your readers will not understand what these sound like, you might be able to use a more general phrase: “a noise that frightens everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOL 2 6 bh52 0 General Information: Joel continues to describe the locust army of Yahweh.
JOL 2 7 e5ge figs-personification כְּ⁠גִבּוֹרִ֣ים יְרֻצ֔וּ⁠ן כְּ⁠אַנְשֵׁ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה יַעֲל֣וּ חוֹמָ֑ה 1 They run like mighty warriors … climb the walls like soldiers The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOL 2 7 d4kv חוֹמָ֑ה 1 walls walls around the cities
JOL 2 8 u5ew 0 General Information: The description of the locust army of Yahweh continues.
JOL 2 8 yt67 וּ⁠בְעַ֥ד הַ⁠שֶּׁ֛לַח יִפֹּ֖לוּ 1 they break through the defenses they overcome the soldiers defending the city.
JOL 2 10 iu1h figs-personification לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם 1 The earth shakes in front of them, the heavens tremble Joel speaks of the earth and heavens as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that the army is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the earth and the heavens are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone on earth and in the heavens is very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOL 2 10 lm84 figs-hyperbole שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ וְ⁠יָרֵ֨חַ֙ קָדָ֔רוּ וְ⁠כוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽ⁠ 1 the sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars stop shining This exaggeration claims that there are so many locusts that people cannot see the sun, moon, or stars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -81,7 +73,6 @@ JOL 2 18 im7l עַמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 his people Alternate translation: “the peop
JOL 2 19 lu18 הִנְ⁠נִ֨י 1 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
JOL 2 19 jde5 וּ⁠שְׂבַעְתֶּ֖ם אֹת֑⁠ 1 You will be satisfied with them Alternate translation: “You will have all you need of them”
JOL 2 19 tqc6 חֶרְפָּ֖ה 1 a disgrace Alternate translation: “unworthy of respect”
JOL 2 20 q49d 0 General Information: God continues his promise to Israel.
JOL 2 20 khh7 הַ⁠צְּפוֹנִ֞י…הַ⁠קַּדְמֹנִ֔י…הָ⁠אַֽחֲר֑וֹן 1 northern … eastern … western These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel.
JOL 2 20 v9xy הַ⁠יָּם֙ הַ⁠קַּדְמֹנִ֔י 1 the eastern sea the Dead Sea
JOL 2 20 ue9y הַ⁠יָּ֣ם הָ⁠אַֽחֲר֑וֹן 1 the western sea the Mediterranean Sea
@ -95,48 +86,39 @@ JOL 2 24 gw97 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh begins a long speech to the Israe
JOL 2 24 p8u1 הַ⁠יְקָבִ֖ים 1 vats large containers for liquids
JOL 2 25 k6bd אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽ⁠אַרְבֶּ֔ה 1 the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten Alternate translation: “the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten”
JOL 2 25 e81a הָֽ⁠אַרְבֶּ֔ה הַ⁠יֶּ֖לֶק וְ⁠הֶ⁠חָסִ֣יל וְ⁠הַ⁠גָּזָ֑ם 1 swarming locust … the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locust These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md).
JOL 2 26 qw24 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 2 26 jy17 figs-metonymy וְ⁠הִלַּלְתֶּ֗ם אֶת־שֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ 1 praise the name of Yahweh The name is a metonym for the person, specifically his reputation. Alternate translation: “praise Yahweh” or “praise Yahweh because everyone knows he is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 2 26 x2qr figs-123person שֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵי⁠כֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה עִמָּ⁠כֶ֖ם לְ⁠הַפְלִ֑יא 1 the name of Yahweh … who has done wonders Yahweh speaks of himself by name to show that he will certainly do as he has said. Alternate translation: “my name … because I have done wonders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JOL 2 28 h1ph 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 2 28 p6xw וְ⁠הָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ 1 It will come about afterward that I Alternate translation: “This is what I will do after that: I”
JOL 2 28 mc8b figs-metaphor אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִ⁠י֙ עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh Yahweh speaks of the Spirit as if he were speaking of water. AT” “I will give my Spirit generously to all flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 2 28 ny8x figs-synecdoche כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 all flesh Here “flesh” represents people. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOL 2 30 c326 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 2 30 fxj8 figs-metonymy דָּ֣ם וָ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וְ⁠תִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן 1 blood, fire, and pillars of smoke “blood” is symbolizing the death of people. Alternate translation: “death, fire and pillars of smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 2 31 e1db הַ⁠שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְ⁠חֹ֔שֶׁךְ 1 The sun will turn into darkness Alternate translation: “The sun will no longer give light”
JOL 2 31 fc5h figs-metonymy וְ⁠הַ⁠יָּרֵ֖חַ לְ⁠דָ֑ם 1 the moon into blood Here the word “blood” refers to the color red. You can supply the verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “the moon will turn red like blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOL 2 32 xyf3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 2 32 w6nv וְ⁠הָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל 1 It will be that everyone Alternate translation: “This is what will happen: everyone”
JOL 2 32 t1vg figs-metonymy כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֛א בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמָּלֵ֑ט 1 everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved The name is a metonym for the person. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 2 32 k5zj figs-doublet בְּ⁠הַר־צִיּ֨וֹן וּ⁠בִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם 1 on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem These refer to the same place. Alternate translation: “on Mount Zion in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOL 2 32 j194 figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בַ֨⁠שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא 1 among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls The phrase “there will be” is understood from earlier in the sentence. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOL 2 32 e73u 1 survivors people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster
JOL 3 intro jcn7 0 # Joel 3 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel<br>The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole.
JOL 3 1 b14f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 3 1 nha5 כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה 1 Behold Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention”
JOL 3 1 zy3s figs-doublet בַּ⁠יָּמִ֥ים הָ⁠הֵ֖מָּה וּ⁠בָ⁠עֵ֣ת הַ⁠הִ֑יא 1 in those days and at that time The phrase “at that time” means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase “in those days.” Alternate translation: “in those very days” or “at that very time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOL 3 1 c3ys אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem Alternate translation: “When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem”
JOL 3 2 xs2u עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט 1 Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means “Yahweh judges,” was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat.
JOL 3 2 idt3 figs-doublet עַמִּ֨⁠י וְ⁠נַחֲלָתִ֤⁠י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 my people and my inheritance Israel These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, who are my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOL 3 3 z4y6 figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּתְּנ֤וּ הַ⁠יֶּ֨לֶד֙ בַּ⁠זּוֹנָ֔ה וְ⁠הַ⁠יַּלְדָּ֛ה מָכְר֥וּ בַ⁠יַּ֖יִן וַ⁠יִּשְׁתּֽוּ 1 traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. Alternate translation: “and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOL 3 4 k66w 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 3 4 qj6v figs-rquestion וְ֠⁠גַם מָה־אַתֶּ֥ם לִ⁠י֙ צֹ֣ר וְ⁠צִיד֔וֹן וְ⁠כֹ֖ל גְּלִיל֣וֹת פְּלָ֑שֶׁת 1 why are you angry at me … Philistia? Yahweh is encouraging the people of Judah, who can hear him, by scolding the people of Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia, who cannot hear him, as if they can. The names of the towns are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. These words can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you have no right to be angry at me … Philistia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOL 3 4 xaa9 figs-rquestion הַ⁠גְּמ֗וּל אַתֶּם֙ מְשַׁלְּמִ֣ים עָלָ֔⁠י 1 Will you repay me? “Will you get revenge on me?” God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. Alternate translation: “You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOL 3 4 ns7f figs-synecdoche קַ֣ל מְהֵרָ֔ה אָשִׁ֥יב גְּמֻלְ⁠כֶ֖ם בְּ⁠רֹאשְׁ⁠כֶֽם 1 I will immediately return your retribution on your own head Here the word “head” refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to suffer the retribution that you tried to put on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOL 3 4 wdm3 גְּמֻלְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 retribution Alternate translation: “revenge” or “payback”
JOL 3 7 d8mh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 3 7 sum8 הִנְ⁠נִ֣י 1 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
JOL 3 7 dc6d figs-explicit מִן־הַ֨⁠מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖⁠ם שָׁ֑מָּ⁠ה 1 out of the place where you sold them The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOL 3 7 uh32 וַ⁠הֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י גְמֻלְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 return payment Alternate translation: “give back what you deserve”
JOL 3 8 pww6 figs-metonymy וּ⁠מָכַרְתִּ֞י אֶת־בְּנֵי⁠כֶ֣ם וְ⁠אֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֗ם בְּ⁠יַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 I will sell your sons and your daughters, by the hand of the people of Judah The hand can be a metonym for the power the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “I will have the people of Judah sell your sons and your daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOL 3 8 t9jc translate-names לִ⁠שְׁבָאיִ֖ם 1 Sabeans the people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOL 3 9 ih66 figs-irony 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOL 3 9 d6ny הָעִ֨ירוּ֙ הַ⁠גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים 1 rouse the mighty men Alternate translation: “make the mighty men ready for action”
JOL 3 10 t93c figs-parallelism כֹּ֤תּוּ אִתֵּי⁠כֶם֙ לַֽ⁠חֲרָב֔וֹת וּ⁠מַזְמְרֹֽתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם לִ⁠רְמָחִ֑ים 1 Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spears These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOL 3 10 ze4m אִתֵּי⁠כֶם֙ 1 plowshares tools that are used to break up the soil in order to plant crops
JOL 3 10 epv7 וּ⁠מַזְמְרֹֽתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 pruning knives knives that are used to cut off small branches
JOL 3 11 iq6r 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 3 11 rp2a figs-irony ע֣וּשׁוּ וָ⁠בֹ֧אוּ כָֽל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֛ם מִ⁠סָּבִ֖יב וְ⁠נִקְבָּ֑צוּ שָׁ֕מָּ⁠ה 1 Hurry and come … together there These words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in [Joel 3:9](../03/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOL 3 11 p5mc figs-explicit וְ⁠נִקְבָּ֑צוּ 1 gather yourselves together The purpose of the gathering is for battle. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “gather yourselves together for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOL 3 11 e3ig הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors This could mean: (1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to “proclaim among the nations” ([Joel 3:9](../03/09.md)) or (2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer.
@ -160,7 +142,6 @@ JOL 3 16 lf34 figs-hyperbole וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָ
JOL 3 16 vd5q וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ 1 will shake This word is the past form of the word translated “tremble” in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md).
JOL 3 16 lr5v figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְ⁠עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מָע֖וֹז לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOL 3 17 isx1 וִֽ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֗ם 1 So you will know Alternate translation: “When I do these things, you will know”
JOL 3 18 kj6z 0 General Information: God continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
JOL 3 18 y22f וְ⁠הָיָה֩ בַ⁠יּ֨וֹם הַ⁠ה֜וּא…הֶ⁠הָרִ֣ים 1 It will come about on that day that the mountains “This is what will happen on that day: the mountains” Translate “It will come about” as in [Joel 2:28](../02/28.md).
JOL 3 18 m6v9 figs-hyperbole יִטְּפ֧וּ הֶ⁠הָרִ֣ים עָסִ֗יס 1 the mountains will drip with sweet wine “sweet wine will drip from the mountains.” This is an exaggeration to show that the land is very fertile. Alternate translation: “On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOL 3 18 yj7w figs-metaphor וְ⁠הַ⁠גְּבָעוֹת֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה חָלָ֔ב 1 the hills will flow with milk “milk will flow from the hills.” The land being very fertile is spoken of as if the hills would flow with milk. Alternate translation: “on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -171,7 +152,6 @@ JOL 3 19 la92 מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ לִ⁠שְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔
JOL 3 19 au36 וֶ⁠אֱד֕וֹם לְ⁠מִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 Edom will become an abandoned wilderness Alternate translation: “Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there”
JOL 3 19 c2r8 מֵֽ⁠חֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 because of the violence done to the people of Judah Alternate translation: “because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah”
JOL 3 19 t6ay figs-metonymy אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּ⁠אַרְצָֽ⁠ם 1 because they shed innocent blood in their land The word “they” refers to “Edom” and “Egypt” and is a metonym for the people of Egypt and Edom. The words “innocent blood” are a metonym for innocent people whom they have killed. Alternate translation: “because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 3 20 y198 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
JOL 3 20 gi4z figs-activepassive וִ⁠יהוּדָ֖ה לְ⁠עוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב 1 Judah will be inhabited forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will live in Judah forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 3 20 f72t figs-activepassive וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לְ⁠ד֥וֹר וָ⁠דֽוֹר 1 Jerusalem will be inhabited from generation to generation This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 3 21 dj9s figs-metonymy וְ⁠נִקֵּ֖יתִי דָּמָ֣⁠ם לֹֽא־נִקֵּ֑יתִי 1 I will avenge their blood that I have not yet avenged Blood is a metonym for death. Alternate translation: “I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
18 JOL 1 7 sxr3 שָׂ֤ם…חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָ⁠הּ֙ 1 He has made … He has stripped The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as “it,” or to the locusts as “they,” or to the invader as one person.
19 JOL 1 7 hi96 גַּפְנִ⁠י֙…וּ⁠תְאֵנָתִ֖⁠י 1 my vineyard … my fig tree Yahweh’s vineyard and fig tree
20 JOL 1 7 k8l9 לְ⁠שַׁמָּ֔ה 1 desolate empty and without life
JOL 1 8 iwe3 0 General Information: God continues speaking to the people of Israel.
21 JOL 1 10 zn6h figs-metaphor אָבְלָ֖ה אֲדָמָ֑ה 1 the ground is mourning Here the land is spoken of as if it were a person. These words could also be seen as a metonym for the people who are mourning or even as hyperbole, that the famine is so bad that even things that are not alive are mourning. Alternate translation: “the farmers are mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
22 JOL 1 10 j565 figs-activepassive שֻׁדַּ֣ד דָּגָ֔ן 1 the grain has been destroyed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the locusts have destroyed all of the grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 1 11 mx5v 0 General Information: God continues speaking to the people of Israel.
23 JOL 1 11 eeq1 translate-unknown שְׂעֹרָ֑ה 1 barley a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
24 JOL 1 12 pk4b הוֹבִ֔ישָׁה 1 withered dried up and died
25 JOL 1 12 r11a translate-unknown וְ⁠הַ⁠תְּאֵנָ֖ה…מּ֞וֹן…וְ⁠תַפּ֗וּחַ 1 fig … pomegranate … apple different types of fruit (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
33 JOL 1 16 f1eb figs-ellipsis מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 joy and gladness from the house of our God You may need to fill in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: “joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
34 JOL 1 16 ppt5 figs-doublet שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 joy and gladness These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that there is no kind of joyful activity happening at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
35 JOL 1 17 y7su מֶגְרְפֹ֣תֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 clods lumps of dirt
JOL 1 18 w5nw 0 General Information: God continues to tell the priests how they should pray for Israel.
36 JOL 1 18 ul6j נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה 1 groan make a deep sound because of pain
37 JOL 1 20 n9lf אֲפִ֣יקֵי 1 brooks small streams
38 JOL 2 intro j2gp 0 # Joel 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues in the poetic form with striking imagery of armies and soldiers.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Locusts<br><br>This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of Israel.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>This chapter uses simile to a great extent as Joel tries to describe this army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br><br>### Metaphor<br>The drought, or severe lack of rain, Joel describes is probably a real drought. It might also be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 2 1 t9j9 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Joel continues poetry that began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
39 JOL 2 1 m7i5 תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֜ר…וְ⁠הָרִ֨יעוּ֙ 1 Blow the trumpet … sound an alarm Joel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming.
40 JOL 2 2 qmb9 figs-doublet י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 day of darkness and gloom The words “darkness” and “gloom” share similar meanings and emphasize that the darkness will be very dark. Both words refer to a time of disaster or divine judgment. Alternate translation: “day that is full of darkness” or “day of terrible judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
41 JOL 2 2 st7t וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 gloom total or partial darkness
42 JOL 2 2 pcr6 figs-doublet י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַ⁠עֲרָפֶ֔ל 1 day of clouds and thick darkness This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both “clouds” and “thick darkness” refer to divine judgment. Alternate translation: “day full of dark storm clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
43 JOL 2 2 h3d1 figs-simile כְּ⁠שַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽ⁠הָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching When direct sunlight shines on a mountain at dawn, it begins at the top and spreads to the bottom. When an army comes over a mountain range, it comes over the top and spreads out as it comes down. Alternate translation: “A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
44 JOL 2 2 ekb8 figs-metaphor עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 a large and mighty army The words “large” and “mighty” share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word **army** could possibly be: (1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or (2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOL 2 3 xcv4 0 General Information: Joel’s description of the coming army continues.
45 JOL 2 3 fly5 figs-metaphor לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ 1 A fire is consuming everything in front of it A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the “army” ([Joel 2:2](../02/02.md)), whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
46 JOL 2 3 z5iu figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַחֲרָ֖י⁠ו תְּלַהֵ֣ט לֶֽהָבָ֑ה 1 behind it a flame is burning After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47 JOL 2 3 yne4 figs-simile כְּ⁠גַן־עֵ֨דֶן הָ⁠אָ֜רֶץ 1 land is like the garden of Eden The garden of Eden was a beautiful place, and the land was beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOL 2 4 ex3a 0 General Information: The description continues with the noises of an army of horses.
48 JOL 2 4 ztn5 figs-simile כְּ⁠מַרְאֵ֥ה סוּסִ֖ים מַרְאֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 The army’s appearance is like horses The head of a locust looks like a small horse head. The army is fast, and horses are fast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
49 JOL 2 4 fdt4 translate-unknown סוּסִ֖ים 1 horses A large, strong, fast animal with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
50 JOL 2 4 myc3 figs-simile וּ⁠כְ⁠פָרָשִׁ֖ים כֵּ֥ן יְרוּצֽוּ⁠ן 1 they run like horsemen Men riding horses move quickly, and the army moves quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
51 JOL 2 5 m6fl יְרַקֵּד֔וּ⁠ן 1 jump A horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly.
52 JOL 2 5 n75f figs-simile כְּ⁠ק֣וֹל מַרְכָּב֗וֹת…כְּ⁠קוֹל֙ לַ֣הַב אֵ֔שׁ…כְּ⁠עַ֣ם עָצ֔וּם עֱר֖וּךְ מִלְחָמָֽה 1 a noise like that of chariots … like the noise of fiery flames … like a mighty army ready for battle These sounds would have been very frightening to Joel’s readers. If your readers will not understand what these sound like, you might be able to use a more general phrase: “a noise that frightens everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOL 2 6 bh52 0 General Information: Joel continues to describe the locust army of Yahweh.
53 JOL 2 7 e5ge figs-personification כְּ⁠גִבּוֹרִ֣ים יְרֻצ֔וּ⁠ן כְּ⁠אַנְשֵׁ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה יַעֲל֣וּ חוֹמָ֑ה 1 They run like mighty warriors … climb the walls like soldiers The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
54 JOL 2 7 d4kv חוֹמָ֑ה 1 walls walls around the cities
JOL 2 8 u5ew 0 General Information: The description of the locust army of Yahweh continues.
55 JOL 2 8 yt67 וּ⁠בְעַ֥ד הַ⁠שֶּׁ֛לַח יִפֹּ֖לוּ 1 they break through the defenses they overcome the soldiers defending the city.
56 JOL 2 10 iu1h figs-personification לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם 1 The earth shakes in front of them, the heavens tremble Joel speaks of the earth and heavens as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that the army is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the earth and the heavens are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone on earth and in the heavens is very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
57 JOL 2 10 lm84 figs-hyperbole שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ וְ⁠יָרֵ֨חַ֙ קָדָ֔רוּ וְ⁠כוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽ⁠ 1 the sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars stop shining This exaggeration claims that there are so many locusts that people cannot see the sun, moon, or stars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
73 JOL 2 19 lu18 הִנְ⁠נִ֨י 1 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
74 JOL 2 19 jde5 וּ⁠שְׂבַעְתֶּ֖ם אֹת֑⁠ 1 You will be satisfied with them Alternate translation: “You will have all you need of them”
75 JOL 2 19 tqc6 חֶרְפָּ֖ה 1 a disgrace Alternate translation: “unworthy of respect”
JOL 2 20 q49d 0 General Information: God continues his promise to Israel.
76 JOL 2 20 khh7 הַ⁠צְּפוֹנִ֞י…הַ⁠קַּדְמֹנִ֔י…הָ⁠אַֽחֲר֑וֹן 1 northern … eastern … western These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel.
77 JOL 2 20 v9xy הַ⁠יָּם֙ הַ⁠קַּדְמֹנִ֔י 1 the eastern sea the Dead Sea
78 JOL 2 20 ue9y הַ⁠יָּ֣ם הָ⁠אַֽחֲר֑וֹן 1 the western sea the Mediterranean Sea
86 JOL 2 24 p8u1 הַ⁠יְקָבִ֖ים 1 vats large containers for liquids
87 JOL 2 25 k6bd אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽ⁠אַרְבֶּ֔ה 1 the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten Alternate translation: “the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten”
88 JOL 2 25 e81a הָֽ⁠אַרְבֶּ֔ה הַ⁠יֶּ֖לֶק וְ⁠הֶ⁠חָסִ֣יל וְ⁠הַ⁠גָּזָ֑ם 1 swarming locust … the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locust These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md).
JOL 2 26 qw24 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
89 JOL 2 26 jy17 figs-metonymy וְ⁠הִלַּלְתֶּ֗ם אֶת־שֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ 1 praise the name of Yahweh The name is a metonym for the person, specifically his reputation. Alternate translation: “praise Yahweh” or “praise Yahweh because everyone knows he is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
90 JOL 2 26 x2qr figs-123person שֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵי⁠כֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה עִמָּ⁠כֶ֖ם לְ⁠הַפְלִ֑יא 1 the name of Yahweh … who has done wonders Yahweh speaks of himself by name to show that he will certainly do as he has said. Alternate translation: “my name … because I have done wonders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JOL 2 28 h1ph 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
91 JOL 2 28 p6xw וְ⁠הָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ 1 It will come about afterward that I Alternate translation: “This is what I will do after that: I”
92 JOL 2 28 mc8b figs-metaphor אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִ⁠י֙ עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh Yahweh speaks of the Spirit as if he were speaking of water. AT” “I will give my Spirit generously to all flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
93 JOL 2 28 ny8x figs-synecdoche כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 all flesh Here “flesh” represents people. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOL 2 30 c326 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
94 JOL 2 30 fxj8 figs-metonymy דָּ֣ם וָ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וְ⁠תִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן 1 blood, fire, and pillars of smoke “blood” is symbolizing the death of people. Alternate translation: “death, fire and pillars of smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
95 JOL 2 31 e1db הַ⁠שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְ⁠חֹ֔שֶׁךְ 1 The sun will turn into darkness Alternate translation: “The sun will no longer give light”
96 JOL 2 31 fc5h figs-metonymy וְ⁠הַ⁠יָּרֵ֖חַ לְ⁠דָ֑ם 1 the moon into blood Here the word “blood” refers to the color red. You can supply the verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “the moon will turn red like blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOL 2 32 xyf3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
97 JOL 2 32 w6nv וְ⁠הָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל 1 It will be that everyone Alternate translation: “This is what will happen: everyone”
98 JOL 2 32 t1vg figs-metonymy כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֛א בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמָּלֵ֑ט 1 everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved The name is a metonym for the person. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
99 JOL 2 32 k5zj figs-doublet בְּ⁠הַר־צִיּ֨וֹן וּ⁠בִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם 1 on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem These refer to the same place. Alternate translation: “on Mount Zion in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
100 JOL 2 32 j194 figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בַ֨⁠שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא 1 among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls The phrase “there will be” is understood from earlier in the sentence. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
101 JOL 2 32 e73u 1 survivors people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster
102 JOL 3 intro jcn7 0 # Joel 3 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel<br>The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole.
JOL 3 1 b14f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
103 JOL 3 1 nha5 כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה 1 Behold Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention”
104 JOL 3 1 zy3s figs-doublet בַּ⁠יָּמִ֥ים הָ⁠הֵ֖מָּה וּ⁠בָ⁠עֵ֣ת הַ⁠הִ֑יא 1 in those days and at that time The phrase “at that time” means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase “in those days.” Alternate translation: “in those very days” or “at that very time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
105 JOL 3 1 c3ys אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem Alternate translation: “When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem”
106 JOL 3 2 xs2u עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט 1 Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means “Yahweh judges,” was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat.
107 JOL 3 2 idt3 figs-doublet עַמִּ֨⁠י וְ⁠נַחֲלָתִ֤⁠י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 my people and my inheritance Israel These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, who are my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
108 JOL 3 3 z4y6 figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּתְּנ֤וּ הַ⁠יֶּ֨לֶד֙ בַּ⁠זּוֹנָ֔ה וְ⁠הַ⁠יַּלְדָּ֛ה מָכְר֥וּ בַ⁠יַּ֖יִן וַ⁠יִּשְׁתּֽוּ 1 traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. Alternate translation: “and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOL 3 4 k66w 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
109 JOL 3 4 qj6v figs-rquestion וְ֠⁠גַם מָה־אַתֶּ֥ם לִ⁠י֙ צֹ֣ר וְ⁠צִיד֔וֹן וְ⁠כֹ֖ל גְּלִיל֣וֹת פְּלָ֑שֶׁת 1 why are you angry at me … Philistia? Yahweh is encouraging the people of Judah, who can hear him, by scolding the people of Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia, who cannot hear him, as if they can. The names of the towns are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. These words can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you have no right to be angry at me … Philistia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
110 JOL 3 4 xaa9 figs-rquestion הַ⁠גְּמ֗וּל אַתֶּם֙ מְשַׁלְּמִ֣ים עָלָ֔⁠י 1 Will you repay me? “Will you get revenge on me?” God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. Alternate translation: “You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
111 JOL 3 4 ns7f figs-synecdoche קַ֣ל מְהֵרָ֔ה אָשִׁ֥יב גְּמֻלְ⁠כֶ֖ם בְּ⁠רֹאשְׁ⁠כֶֽם 1 I will immediately return your retribution on your own head Here the word “head” refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to suffer the retribution that you tried to put on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
112 JOL 3 4 wdm3 גְּמֻלְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 retribution Alternate translation: “revenge” or “payback”
JOL 3 7 d8mh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
113 JOL 3 7 sum8 הִנְ⁠נִ֣י 1 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
114 JOL 3 7 dc6d figs-explicit מִן־הַ֨⁠מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖⁠ם שָׁ֑מָּ⁠ה 1 out of the place where you sold them The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
115 JOL 3 7 uh32 וַ⁠הֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י גְמֻלְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 return payment Alternate translation: “give back what you deserve”
116 JOL 3 8 pww6 figs-metonymy וּ⁠מָכַרְתִּ֞י אֶת־בְּנֵי⁠כֶ֣ם וְ⁠אֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֗ם בְּ⁠יַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 I will sell your sons and your daughters, by the hand of the people of Judah The hand can be a metonym for the power the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “I will have the people of Judah sell your sons and your daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
117 JOL 3 8 t9jc translate-names לִ⁠שְׁבָאיִ֖ם 1 Sabeans the people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOL 3 9 ih66 figs-irony 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
118 JOL 3 9 d6ny הָעִ֨ירוּ֙ הַ⁠גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים 1 rouse the mighty men Alternate translation: “make the mighty men ready for action”
119 JOL 3 10 t93c figs-parallelism כֹּ֤תּוּ אִתֵּי⁠כֶם֙ לַֽ⁠חֲרָב֔וֹת וּ⁠מַזְמְרֹֽתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם לִ⁠רְמָחִ֑ים 1 Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spears These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
120 JOL 3 10 ze4m אִתֵּי⁠כֶם֙ 1 plowshares tools that are used to break up the soil in order to plant crops
121 JOL 3 10 epv7 וּ⁠מַזְמְרֹֽתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 pruning knives knives that are used to cut off small branches
JOL 3 11 iq6r 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
122 JOL 3 11 rp2a figs-irony ע֣וּשׁוּ וָ⁠בֹ֧אוּ כָֽל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֛ם מִ⁠סָּבִ֖יב וְ⁠נִקְבָּ֑צוּ שָׁ֕מָּ⁠ה 1 Hurry and come … together there These words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in [Joel 3:9](../03/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
123 JOL 3 11 p5mc figs-explicit וְ⁠נִקְבָּ֑צוּ 1 gather yourselves together The purpose of the gathering is for battle. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “gather yourselves together for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
124 JOL 3 11 e3ig הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors This could mean: (1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to “proclaim among the nations” ([Joel 3:9](../03/09.md)) or (2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer.
142 JOL 3 16 vd5q וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ 1 will shake This word is the past form of the word translated “tremble” in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md).
143 JOL 3 16 lr5v figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְ⁠עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מָע֖וֹז לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
144 JOL 3 17 isx1 וִֽ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֗ם 1 So you will know Alternate translation: “When I do these things, you will know”
JOL 3 18 kj6z 0 General Information: God continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
145 JOL 3 18 y22f וְ⁠הָיָה֩ בַ⁠יּ֨וֹם הַ⁠ה֜וּא…הֶ⁠הָרִ֣ים 1 It will come about on that day that the mountains “This is what will happen on that day: the mountains” Translate “It will come about” as in [Joel 2:28](../02/28.md).
146 JOL 3 18 m6v9 figs-hyperbole יִטְּפ֧וּ הֶ⁠הָרִ֣ים עָסִ֗יס 1 the mountains will drip with sweet wine “sweet wine will drip from the mountains.” This is an exaggeration to show that the land is very fertile. Alternate translation: “On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
147 JOL 3 18 yj7w figs-metaphor וְ⁠הַ⁠גְּבָעוֹת֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה חָלָ֔ב 1 the hills will flow with milk “milk will flow from the hills.” The land being very fertile is spoken of as if the hills would flow with milk. Alternate translation: “on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
152 JOL 3 19 au36 וֶ⁠אֱד֕וֹם לְ⁠מִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 Edom will become an abandoned wilderness Alternate translation: “Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there”
153 JOL 3 19 c2r8 מֵֽ⁠חֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 because of the violence done to the people of Judah Alternate translation: “because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah”
154 JOL 3 19 t6ay figs-metonymy אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּ⁠אַרְצָֽ⁠ם 1 because they shed innocent blood in their land The word “they” refers to “Edom” and “Egypt” and is a metonym for the people of Egypt and Edom. The words “innocent blood” are a metonym for innocent people whom they have killed. Alternate translation: “because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 3 20 y198 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
155 JOL 3 20 gi4z figs-activepassive וִ⁠יהוּדָ֖ה לְ⁠עוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב 1 Judah will be inhabited forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will live in Judah forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
156 JOL 3 20 f72t figs-activepassive וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לְ⁠ד֥וֹר וָ⁠דֽוֹר 1 Jerusalem will be inhabited from generation to generation This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
157 JOL 3 21 dj9s figs-metonymy וְ⁠נִקֵּ֖יתִי דָּמָ֣⁠ם לֹֽא־נִקֵּ֑יתִי 1 I will avenge their blood that I have not yet avenged Blood is a metonym for death. Alternate translation: “I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

12
en_tn_33-MIC.tsv
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@ -78,13 +78,11 @@ MIC 2 7 hr6w figs-rquestion 0 said…“Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are thes
MIC 2 7 dhy6 figs-rquestion 0 Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly? Micah uses a question to teach the people. It can bee translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My message does good to those who walk uprightly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 2 8 nby2 0 my people Here, **my people** could mean: (1) Micah’s people or (2) Yahweh’s people.
MIC 2 8 h252 figs-metaphor 0 You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly This could mean: (1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or (2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 2 9 h3sh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel.
MIC 2 9 vit8 0 you take my blessing from their young children forever This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It could refer to (1) being landowners in Israel, (2) a promising future or (3) to the children’s fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation.
MIC 2 9 sez8 0 my blessing Micah speaks as if he were Yahweh.
MIC 2 10 x485 figs-activepassive 0 it is destroyed with complete destruction This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC 2 11 fn9u figs-you 0 comes to you … will prophesy to you Micah is speaking to the people of Judah, so both instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 2 11 mwp4 figs-you 0 he would be considered This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people would consider him” or “you would consider him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 2 12 xls8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. At the end of this chapter, Yahweh shows himself to be a shepherd who protects his people. He may especially be addressing those in Jerusalem who have returned from Assyria.
MIC 2 12 l2ie figs-you 0 all of you, Jacob Micah is speaking to some of the descendants of Jacob, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 2 13 wz2q 0 Someone who breaks open their way … Yahweh will be at their head. This is a picture of a king leading his people out of an enclosed city.
MIC 3 intro wy5w 0 # Micah 3 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Justice<br>An unjust society was considered sinful. It was considered to be against the law of Moses. If these kingdoms did not have justice, they were not obedient to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>There are vivid pictures used in this chapter which show how the leaders of the people were treating the Israelites. These situations are absurd unless taken as a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -96,11 +94,9 @@ MIC 3 2 ep25 figs-nominaladj 0 hate good and love evil These nominal adjectives
MIC 3 2 y42g figs-metaphor 0 you who tear off their skin, their flesh from their bones A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 3 3 vja6 0 Connecting Statement: Micah finishes comparing the leaders of Israel to butchers.
MIC 3 3 vs7q figs-metaphor 0 just like meat in a cauldron A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 3 4 x843 0 General Information: Micah continues speaking.
MIC 3 4 pu9j 0 cry out to Yahweh Alternate translation: “shout to Yahweh for help”
MIC 3 4 uuv7 0 he will not answer you Alternate translation: “he will not do what you ask him to do”
MIC 3 4 ru8j figs-metaphor 0 He will hide his face from you Hiding the face is a metaphor for refusing to listen. Alternate translation: “He will turn his face away from you and cover it” or “You will see that he has no desire to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 3 5 q1tf 0 General Information: Micah continues to speak judgment against false prophets.
MIC 3 5 wvm2 figs-metaphor 0 who lead my people astray Walking on a good path is a metaphor for obeying God. Going astray from the path is a metaphor for disobeying God, in this case perhaps without knowing it. Alternate translation: “who lead my people to disobey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 3 5 uud3 figs-metaphor 0 if one gives them something to eat, they proclaim, ‘Peace.’ Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase “something to eat” is an ironic way of speaking of a small payment. Alternate translation: “they tell people who pay them even a small amount that things will go well for those people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC 3 5 jn8z figs-metaphor 0 if he puts nothing in their mouths, they dedicate themselves to wage war on him Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase “puts nothing in their mouths” is an ironic exaggeration for not giving what they want. Alternate translation: “they do all they can to destroy people who pay them too little” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@ -136,7 +132,6 @@ MIC 4 2 uuk9 figs-ellipsis 0 and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem The words
MIC 4 3 b5yy 0 plowshares a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds
MIC 4 3 l4ud 0 pruning hooks a metal tool that people use to cut off branches or stems from plants
MIC 4 3 vin5 0 will not lift up sword will not threaten to start a war
MIC 4 4 sv2r 0 General Information: Micah continues describing the “last days” when people learn and obey Yahweh’s law.
MIC 4 4 h22j figs-explicit 0 they will sit every person under his vine and under his fig tree Both the “vine” and the “fig tree” are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. If grapevines or fig trees are unknown you can translate this more generally. Alternate translation: “they will sit peacefully in their own gardens and fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC 4 4 j4rc figs-synecdoche 0 for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken The mouth is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh of hosts has spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC 4 5 iek8 figs-metaphor 0 the peoples walk … in the name of their god … we will walk in the name of Yahweh Walking on a path is a metaphor for living one’s life. Walking in the name of someone is a metaphor for worshiping and obeying. Alternate translation: “the peoples … worship and obey their god … we will worship and obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -201,7 +196,6 @@ MIC 5 9 a5bh figs-synecdoche 0 it will destroy them The hand is a synecdoche fo
MIC 5 10 yvv1 figs-explicit 0 I will destroy your horses from among you and will demolish your chariots The people of Israel used horses and chariots only in battle, and they may have traded for them with the godless nations around them. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC 5 10 t7yg figs-you 0 your horses … among you … your chariots Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 5 11 p7xv figs-you 0 your land … your strongholds Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 5 12 j7fb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
MIC 5 12 w5rn figs-metonymy 0 the witchcraft in your hand Being in the “hand” represents the actions that the person does. Alternate translation: “the witchcraft that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC 5 12 b4vf figs-you 0 your hand … you will Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 5 13 udr6 figs-you 0 your carved … your stone … among you. You will … your hands Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -214,7 +208,6 @@ MIC 6 1 sz7c figs-you 0 Arise … state Micah speaks to the people of Israel as
MIC 6 1 zxw4 figs-personification 0 Arise and state your case before the mountains; let the hills hear your voice Yahweh speaks as if he is in court and the mountains and hills are the judges. He commands the people of Israel to tell the judges why they have done what they did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
MIC 6 2 vyc6 figs-apostrophe 0 Listen to Yahweh’s lawsuit Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to mountains that can hear him, so both instances of “listen” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
MIC 6 2 pbw6 figs-personification 0 you mountains … you enduring foundations of the earth Micah is speaking to these things as if they are humans. Micah is using the mountains, hills, and foundations of the earth as an eternal witness against his people’s idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
MIC 6 3 if48 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s lawsuit against the people of Israel ([Micah 6:1-2](./01.md)).
MIC 6 3 smg8 figs-rquestion 0 My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me! God uses questions to emphasize that he is a good God, and he has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: “My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have, testify against me, now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 6 3 h6ec figs-you 0 to you … wearied you? Testify Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 6 4 y7re figs-you 0 brought you … rescued you … Miriam to you Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -241,7 +234,6 @@ MIC 6 12 ig8k figs-metaphor 0 The rich men are full of violence Rich men are sp
MIC 6 12 j5fx figs-synecdoche 0 their tongue in their mouth is deceitful The tongue is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “Everything they say is a lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC 6 13 c1sc figs-metaphor 0 I will strike you with a terrible blow Yahweh striking his people with blows is a metaphor for him punishing them. Alternate translation: “I have punished you severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 14 f2m4 figs-metaphor 0 your emptiness will remain inside you A person or thing being hungry is spoken of as if it were something that could be put in a container, and the people are spoken of as if they were containers. Alternate translation: “You will be hungry, and you will not be able to eat enough to satisfy yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 16 i4a3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
MIC 6 16 ke6t figs-activepassive 0 The regulations made by Omri have been kept, and all the deeds of the house of Ahab This can be translated in active form, and you may need to supply the words that the ellipsis omitted. Alternate translation: “You have done what Omri commanded, and you have done the same things the house of Ahab did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC 6 16 tc63 translate-names 0 Omri … Ahab Both of these men were kings over the northern kingdom of Israel. God considered both of them to be very wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC 6 16 n2j5 0 house of Ahab The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Ahab”
@ -253,13 +245,11 @@ MIC 7 1 wf5y figs-metaphor 0 I have become like the gathering of summer fruit,
MIC 7 1 jz29 figs-metaphor 0 no grape cluster … no ripe early fig Micah speaks of faithful, upright people as if they were fruit that is good to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 2 x5ss figs-hyperbole 0 The faithful ones have disappeared … land; there is no upright person … They all lie in wait … blood; each one hunts These are exaggerations. Alternate translation: “I feel as though faithful people have disappeared … land and there is no upright person … I feel as though they all lie in wait … blood, and each one hunts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
MIC 7 2 qea8 figs-metaphor 0 to shed blood Blood is a metaphor for the death of innocent people. Alternate translation: “to kill innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 3 ew8e 0 General Information: Micah continues speaking about the people of Israel.
MIC 7 3 m27f figs-synecdoche 0 Their hands are very good The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “The people are very good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC 7 4 nz3f figs-simile 0 The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC 7 4 kin3 0 the most upright Alternate translation: “those of them who try hardest to do what is good”
MIC 7 4 qfc3 figs-activepassive 0 It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment Micah speaks to the people of Israel, so both instances of “your” are plural. The word “watchmen” is a metaphor for prophets. Alternate translation: “Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 4 i385 figs-abstractnouns 0 Now is the time of their confusion The abstract noun “confusion” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 5 h2bv 0 General Information: Micah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
MIC 7 5 cvb4 0 Do not trust any neighbor Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
MIC 7 6 y6bb 0 people of his own house Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
MIC 7 6 by7f figs-ellipsis 0 a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law The words “rises up” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -270,14 +260,12 @@ MIC 7 7 p8kj figs-abstractnouns 0 I will wait for the God of my salvation The a
MIC 7 7 wd6x figs-metonymy 0 will hear me The word “hear” represents hearing and acting. Alternate translation: “will act to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC 7 8 yb44 figs-metaphor 0 fall … rise These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 8 ln69 figs-metaphor 0 sit in darkness These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 9 le5t figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Micah continues the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](../07/08.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the “daughter of soldiers” ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 9 d2c6 figs-metaphor 0 I will bear his rage Rage is spoken of as if it were a solid object that Yahweh was forcing Micah to carry. Alternate translation: “I will suffer because he is angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 9 v4zl 0 until he pleads my cause, and executes judgment for me Yahweh will punish the people of the other nations who harmed the people of Israel.
MIC 7 9 sr4x figs-metaphor 0 he pleads my cause Yahweh is spoken of as if he were defending Micah in court. Alternate translation: “he defends me against those who harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 9 sc18 0 executes judgment for me Alternate translation: “brings about justice for me”
MIC 7 9 p8yt figs-metaphor 0 He will bring me to the light Bringing Micah from darkness ([Micah 7:8](../07/08.md)) to light is a metaphor for ending the suffering from disaster and enabling him to live well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 9 t4wh 0 rescue me in his justice Alternate translation: “bring justice to me and rescue me”
MIC 7 10 i9mq figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Micah continues and ends the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](../07/08.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the “daughter of soldiers” ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 10 wv5q 0 my enemy … the one who said … your God … My eyes The words “enemy,” “one,” “your,” and “my” here refer to the women in the poem and so are feminine singular.
MIC 7 10 ize3 figs-rquestion 0 Where is Yahweh your God? The enemy uses a question to mock the people of Israel. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God cannot help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC 7 10 fx2c figs-synecdoche 0 My eyes This phrase here refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “I” or “We” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
78 MIC 2 7 dhy6 figs-rquestion 0 Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly? Micah uses a question to teach the people. It can bee translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My message does good to those who walk uprightly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
79 MIC 2 8 nby2 0 my people Here, **my people** could mean: (1) Micah’s people or (2) Yahweh’s people.
80 MIC 2 8 h252 figs-metaphor 0 You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly This could mean: (1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or (2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 2 9 h3sh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel.
81 MIC 2 9 vit8 0 you take my blessing from their young children forever This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It could refer to (1) being landowners in Israel, (2) a promising future or (3) to the children’s fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation.
82 MIC 2 9 sez8 0 my blessing Micah speaks as if he were Yahweh.
83 MIC 2 10 x485 figs-activepassive 0 it is destroyed with complete destruction This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
84 MIC 2 11 fn9u figs-you 0 comes to you … will prophesy to you Micah is speaking to the people of Judah, so both instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
85 MIC 2 11 mwp4 figs-you 0 he would be considered This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people would consider him” or “you would consider him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 2 12 xls8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. At the end of this chapter, Yahweh shows himself to be a shepherd who protects his people. He may especially be addressing those in Jerusalem who have returned from Assyria.
86 MIC 2 12 l2ie figs-you 0 all of you, Jacob Micah is speaking to some of the descendants of Jacob, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
87 MIC 2 13 wz2q 0 Someone who breaks open their way … Yahweh will be at their head. This is a picture of a king leading his people out of an enclosed city.
88 MIC 3 intro wy5w 0 # Micah 3 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Justice<br>An unjust society was considered sinful. It was considered to be against the law of Moses. If these kingdoms did not have justice, they were not obedient to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>There are vivid pictures used in this chapter which show how the leaders of the people were treating the Israelites. These situations are absurd unless taken as a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94 MIC 3 2 y42g figs-metaphor 0 you who tear off their skin, their flesh from their bones A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
95 MIC 3 3 vja6 0 Connecting Statement: Micah finishes comparing the leaders of Israel to butchers.
96 MIC 3 3 vs7q figs-metaphor 0 just like meat in a cauldron A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 3 4 x843 0 General Information: Micah continues speaking.
97 MIC 3 4 pu9j 0 cry out to Yahweh Alternate translation: “shout to Yahweh for help”
98 MIC 3 4 uuv7 0 he will not answer you Alternate translation: “he will not do what you ask him to do”
99 MIC 3 4 ru8j figs-metaphor 0 He will hide his face from you Hiding the face is a metaphor for refusing to listen. Alternate translation: “He will turn his face away from you and cover it” or “You will see that he has no desire to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 3 5 q1tf 0 General Information: Micah continues to speak judgment against false prophets.
100 MIC 3 5 wvm2 figs-metaphor 0 who lead my people astray Walking on a good path is a metaphor for obeying God. Going astray from the path is a metaphor for disobeying God, in this case perhaps without knowing it. Alternate translation: “who lead my people to disobey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101 MIC 3 5 uud3 figs-metaphor 0 if one gives them something to eat, they proclaim, ‘Peace.’ Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase “something to eat” is an ironic way of speaking of a small payment. Alternate translation: “they tell people who pay them even a small amount that things will go well for those people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
102 MIC 3 5 jn8z figs-metaphor 0 if he puts nothing in their mouths, they dedicate themselves to wage war on him Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase “puts nothing in their mouths” is an ironic exaggeration for not giving what they want. Alternate translation: “they do all they can to destroy people who pay them too little” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
132 MIC 4 3 b5yy 0 plowshares a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds
133 MIC 4 3 l4ud 0 pruning hooks a metal tool that people use to cut off branches or stems from plants
134 MIC 4 3 vin5 0 will not lift up sword will not threaten to start a war
MIC 4 4 sv2r 0 General Information: Micah continues describing the “last days” when people learn and obey Yahweh’s law.
135 MIC 4 4 h22j figs-explicit 0 they will sit every person under his vine and under his fig tree Both the “vine” and the “fig tree” are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. If grapevines or fig trees are unknown you can translate this more generally. Alternate translation: “they will sit peacefully in their own gardens and fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
136 MIC 4 4 j4rc figs-synecdoche 0 for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken The mouth is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh of hosts has spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
137 MIC 4 5 iek8 figs-metaphor 0 the peoples walk … in the name of their god … we will walk in the name of Yahweh Walking on a path is a metaphor for living one’s life. Walking in the name of someone is a metaphor for worshiping and obeying. Alternate translation: “the peoples … worship and obey their god … we will worship and obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
196 MIC 5 10 yvv1 figs-explicit 0 I will destroy your horses from among you and will demolish your chariots The people of Israel used horses and chariots only in battle, and they may have traded for them with the godless nations around them. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
197 MIC 5 10 t7yg figs-you 0 your horses … among you … your chariots Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
198 MIC 5 11 p7xv figs-you 0 your land … your strongholds Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC 5 12 j7fb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
199 MIC 5 12 w5rn figs-metonymy 0 the witchcraft in your hand Being in the “hand” represents the actions that the person does. Alternate translation: “the witchcraft that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
200 MIC 5 12 b4vf figs-you 0 your hand … you will Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
201 MIC 5 13 udr6 figs-you 0 your carved … your stone … among you. You will … your hands Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
208 MIC 6 1 zxw4 figs-personification 0 Arise and state your case before the mountains; let the hills hear your voice Yahweh speaks as if he is in court and the mountains and hills are the judges. He commands the people of Israel to tell the judges why they have done what they did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
209 MIC 6 2 vyc6 figs-apostrophe 0 Listen to Yahweh’s lawsuit Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to mountains that can hear him, so both instances of “listen” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
210 MIC 6 2 pbw6 figs-personification 0 you mountains … you enduring foundations of the earth Micah is speaking to these things as if they are humans. Micah is using the mountains, hills, and foundations of the earth as an eternal witness against his people’s idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
MIC 6 3 if48 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s lawsuit against the people of Israel ([Micah 6:1-2](./01.md)).
211 MIC 6 3 smg8 figs-rquestion 0 My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me! God uses questions to emphasize that he is a good God, and he has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: “My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have, testify against me, now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
212 MIC 6 3 h6ec figs-you 0 to you … wearied you? Testify Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
213 MIC 6 4 y7re figs-you 0 brought you … rescued you … Miriam to you Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
234 MIC 6 12 j5fx figs-synecdoche 0 their tongue in their mouth is deceitful The tongue is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “Everything they say is a lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
235 MIC 6 13 c1sc figs-metaphor 0 I will strike you with a terrible blow Yahweh striking his people with blows is a metaphor for him punishing them. Alternate translation: “I have punished you severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
236 MIC 6 14 f2m4 figs-metaphor 0 your emptiness will remain inside you A person or thing being hungry is spoken of as if it were something that could be put in a container, and the people are spoken of as if they were containers. Alternate translation: “You will be hungry, and you will not be able to eat enough to satisfy yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 6 16 i4a3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
237 MIC 6 16 ke6t figs-activepassive 0 The regulations made by Omri have been kept, and all the deeds of the house of Ahab This can be translated in active form, and you may need to supply the words that the ellipsis omitted. Alternate translation: “You have done what Omri commanded, and you have done the same things the house of Ahab did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
238 MIC 6 16 tc63 translate-names 0 Omri … Ahab Both of these men were kings over the northern kingdom of Israel. God considered both of them to be very wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
239 MIC 6 16 n2j5 0 house of Ahab The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Ahab”
245 MIC 7 1 jz29 figs-metaphor 0 no grape cluster … no ripe early fig Micah speaks of faithful, upright people as if they were fruit that is good to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
246 MIC 7 2 x5ss figs-hyperbole 0 The faithful ones have disappeared … land; there is no upright person … They all lie in wait … blood; each one hunts These are exaggerations. Alternate translation: “I feel as though faithful people have disappeared … land and there is no upright person … I feel as though they all lie in wait … blood, and each one hunts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
247 MIC 7 2 qea8 figs-metaphor 0 to shed blood Blood is a metaphor for the death of innocent people. Alternate translation: “to kill innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 3 ew8e 0 General Information: Micah continues speaking about the people of Israel.
248 MIC 7 3 m27f figs-synecdoche 0 Their hands are very good The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “The people are very good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
249 MIC 7 4 nz3f figs-simile 0 The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
250 MIC 7 4 kin3 0 the most upright Alternate translation: “those of them who try hardest to do what is good”
251 MIC 7 4 qfc3 figs-activepassive 0 It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment Micah speaks to the people of Israel, so both instances of “your” are plural. The word “watchmen” is a metaphor for prophets. Alternate translation: “Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252 MIC 7 4 i385 figs-abstractnouns 0 Now is the time of their confusion The abstract noun “confusion” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Now is when they do not understand what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC 7 5 h2bv 0 General Information: Micah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
253 MIC 7 5 cvb4 0 Do not trust any neighbor Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
254 MIC 7 6 y6bb 0 people of his own house Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God’s people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
255 MIC 7 6 by7f figs-ellipsis 0 a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law The words “rises up” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
260 MIC 7 7 wd6x figs-metonymy 0 will hear me The word “hear” represents hearing and acting. Alternate translation: “will act to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
261 MIC 7 8 yb44 figs-metaphor 0 fall … rise These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
262 MIC 7 8 ln69 figs-metaphor 0 sit in darkness These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC 7 9 le5t figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Micah continues the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](../07/08.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the “daughter of soldiers” ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263 MIC 7 9 d2c6 figs-metaphor 0 I will bear his rage Rage is spoken of as if it were a solid object that Yahweh was forcing Micah to carry. Alternate translation: “I will suffer because he is angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
264 MIC 7 9 v4zl 0 until he pleads my cause, and executes judgment for me Yahweh will punish the people of the other nations who harmed the people of Israel.
265 MIC 7 9 sr4x figs-metaphor 0 he pleads my cause Yahweh is spoken of as if he were defending Micah in court. Alternate translation: “he defends me against those who harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
266 MIC 7 9 sc18 0 executes judgment for me Alternate translation: “brings about justice for me”
267 MIC 7 9 p8yt figs-metaphor 0 He will bring me to the light Bringing Micah from darkness ([Micah 7:8](../07/08.md)) to light is a metaphor for ending the suffering from disaster and enabling him to live well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
268 MIC 7 9 t4wh 0 rescue me in his justice Alternate translation: “bring justice to me and rescue me”
MIC 7 10 i9mq figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Micah continues and ends the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](../07/08.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the “daughter of soldiers” ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
269 MIC 7 10 wv5q 0 my enemy … the one who said … your God … My eyes The words “enemy,” “one,” “your,” and “my” here refer to the women in the poem and so are feminine singular.
270 MIC 7 10 ize3 figs-rquestion 0 Where is Yahweh your God? The enemy uses a question to mock the people of Israel. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God cannot help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
271 MIC 7 10 fx2c figs-synecdoche 0 My eyes This phrase here refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “I” or “We” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

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@ -12,12 +12,10 @@ NAM 1 3 t8dj 0 slow to anger Alternate translation: “slow to become angry”
NAM 1 3 e2y8 figs-litotes 0 he will not allow the wicked to go unpunished This emphatic negative statement can be translated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always be sure to punish the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
NAM 1 3 du22 figs-explicit 0 Yahweh makes his way in the whirlwind and the storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet The biblical writers often associated Yahweh’s presence with powerful storms. Here Yahweh rides in strong storm winds and his feet are creating clouds by kicking up dust as he is coming to judge the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 1 3 l5ed 0 the dust of his feet Alternate translation: “the dust that his feet kick up”
NAM 1 4 lh7c 0 General Information: Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people.
NAM 1 4 n6m5 figs-explicit 0 Bashan is weak, and Carmel also; the flowers of Lebanon are weak The word translated as “weak” can also mean “wither” or “dry out.” Bashan was known for its good pastureland where people tended sheep and cattle, “Carmel” refers to Mount Carmel, which was known for its tree orchards, and the snow from the mountains in Lebanon kept that place fertile. Since Yahweh dries up all the rivers and causes drought, these fertile places will no longer be fertile. Alternate translation: “The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 1 5 cg1v figs-metaphor 0 the hills melt This could mean: (1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or (2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 1 5 f3dl 0 the earth collapses This could mean: (1) the mountains and hills collapse or (2) the entire ground begins to move with violent motions.
NAM 1 5 w6mf figs-ellipsis 0 the world and all people who live in it Here the word “world” refers to the inhabited places on the earth. The verb for this phrase is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NAM 1 6 f6ms 0 General Information: Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people.
NAM 1 6 pb6q figs-parallelism 0 Who can stand before his wrath? Who can resist the fierceness of his anger? These two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing. They can be translated with statements. Alternate translation: “No one can stand before his wrath! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NAM 1 6 s5dd 0 fierceness of his anger Alternate translation: “intensity of his anger” or “amount of his anger”
NAM 1 6 b6tk figs-metaphor 0 His wrath is poured out like fire Nahum speaks of Yahweh’s anger as if it were a liquid that he pours out and which burns like fire. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He pours out his wrath like fire” or “He expresses his fierce anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -93,7 +91,6 @@ NAM 2 13 mzs1 figs-metonymy 0 the sword will devour your young lions Here the w
NAM 2 13 qg4y figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off your prey from your land Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. This could mean: (1) the word “prey” is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh’s prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will stop you from preying upon any other nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 2 13 vf1s figs-activepassive 0 the voices of your messengers will be heard no more This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 intro k8ee 0 # Nahum 3 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemism<br>This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
NAM 3 1 kar1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he continues to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NAM 3 1 ki6n figs-metonymy 0 the city full of blood Here the word “blood” represents bloodshed and refers to the people who have committed murder. Alternate translation: “the city full of murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 3 1 b6sa figs-metonymy 0 It is all full of lies Here the word “lies” is a metonym for those who tell lies. Alternate translation: “It is full of liars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 3 2 n52r 0 the noise of whips and the sound of rattling wheels, prancing horses, and bounding chariots These phrases describe the sound of chariots rushing through the streets as their drivers use their whips on the horses.
@ -117,14 +114,12 @@ NAM 3 8 a2y2 figs-metaphor 0 whose defense was the ocean, whose wall was the se
NAM 3 9 ega5 0 Cush and Egypt were her strength Alternate translation: “Ethiopia and Egypt strengthened her” or “Cush and Egypt were her allies”
NAM 3 9 knv4 figs-hyperbole 0 there was no end to it The word “it” refers to the “strength” that Cush and Egypt gave to Thebes. That there was no end to it is a hyperbole that expresses the great amount of strength. Alternate translation: “their strength was very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
NAM 3 9 c9nd translate-names 0 Put and Libya These are the names of places in northern Africa that were close to Thebes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NAM 3 10 h5f5 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 3 10 jt2a figs-metonymy 0 Yet Thebes was carried away The word “Thebes” represents the people who lived in Thebes. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 10 h6s7 figs-metonymy 0 she went into captivity The word “she” refers to Thebes and represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “they went into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 3 10 jht3 figs-activepassive 0 her young children were dashed in pieces This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces” or “enemy soldiers beat her young children to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 10 h7t9 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every street The beginning of a street is spoken of as if it were the head. Also, “every” is a generalization that means many places all over the city. Alternate translation: “on every street corner” or “in the streets all over the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
NAM 3 10 hyc8 figs-activepassive 0 all her great men were bound in chains This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they bound all her great men in chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NAM 3 11 esd7 figs-metaphor 0 You also will become drunk Here the word “You” refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 12 kbf7 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 3 12 lb3t figs-explicit 0 All your fortresses Here, the word **fortresses** could mean: (1) it refers to Nineveh’s fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: “All of your fortifications” or “All of your defenses” or (2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: “All of your fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NAM 3 12 uf4q figs-simile 0 All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater Nahum compares the ease with which the attackers will conquer Nineveh with the ease with which a person can cause ripe figs to fall from a tree. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
NAM 3 12 c8tt figs-explicit 0 the earliest ripe figs This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -135,7 +130,6 @@ NAM 3 13 cv1a figs-activepassive 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide
NAM 3 13 sc8s figs-metaphor 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies This could mean: (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “the gates of your land” refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “the gates of your land” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 13 ea7i figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured their bars This could mean: (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “their bars” refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “their bars” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 13 i4p2 figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured Nahum speaks of fire burning up and destroying as if fire were eating. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed” or “fire has burned up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 14 g9i1 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NAM 3 14 w932 figs-irony 0 Go draw water for the siege … pick up the molds for the bricks Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
NAM 3 14 d5xh 0 strengthen your fortresses Alternate translation: “repair the fortifications”
NAM 3 14 tja5 0 go into the clay and tread the mortar; pick up the molds for the bricks These phrases refer to making mud bricks that they will use to repair the city’s wall.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
12 NAM 1 3 e2y8 figs-litotes 0 he will not allow the wicked to go unpunished This emphatic negative statement can be translated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always be sure to punish the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
13 NAM 1 3 du22 figs-explicit 0 Yahweh makes his way in the whirlwind and the storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet The biblical writers often associated Yahweh’s presence with powerful storms. Here Yahweh rides in strong storm winds and his feet are creating clouds by kicking up dust as he is coming to judge the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14 NAM 1 3 l5ed 0 the dust of his feet Alternate translation: “the dust that his feet kick up”
NAM 1 4 lh7c 0 General Information: Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people.
15 NAM 1 4 n6m5 figs-explicit 0 Bashan is weak, and Carmel also; the flowers of Lebanon are weak The word translated as “weak” can also mean “wither” or “dry out.” Bashan was known for its good pastureland where people tended sheep and cattle, “Carmel” refers to Mount Carmel, which was known for its tree orchards, and the snow from the mountains in Lebanon kept that place fertile. Since Yahweh dries up all the rivers and causes drought, these fertile places will no longer be fertile. Alternate translation: “The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16 NAM 1 5 cg1v figs-metaphor 0 the hills melt This could mean: (1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or (2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17 NAM 1 5 f3dl 0 the earth collapses This could mean: (1) the mountains and hills collapse or (2) the entire ground begins to move with violent motions.
18 NAM 1 5 w6mf figs-ellipsis 0 the world and all people who live in it Here the word “world” refers to the inhabited places on the earth. The verb for this phrase is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NAM 1 6 f6ms 0 General Information: Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people.
19 NAM 1 6 pb6q figs-parallelism 0 Who can stand before his wrath? Who can resist the fierceness of his anger? These two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing. They can be translated with statements. Alternate translation: “No one can stand before his wrath! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
20 NAM 1 6 s5dd 0 fierceness of his anger Alternate translation: “intensity of his anger” or “amount of his anger”
21 NAM 1 6 b6tk figs-metaphor 0 His wrath is poured out like fire Nahum speaks of Yahweh’s anger as if it were a liquid that he pours out and which burns like fire. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He pours out his wrath like fire” or “He expresses his fierce anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91 NAM 2 13 qg4y figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off your prey from your land Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. This could mean: (1) the word “prey” is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh’s prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will stop you from preying upon any other nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
92 NAM 2 13 vf1s figs-activepassive 0 the voices of your messengers will be heard no more This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
93 NAM 3 intro k8ee 0 # Nahum 3 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemism<br>This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
NAM 3 1 kar1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he continues to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
94 NAM 3 1 ki6n figs-metonymy 0 the city full of blood Here the word “blood” represents bloodshed and refers to the people who have committed murder. Alternate translation: “the city full of murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
95 NAM 3 1 b6sa figs-metonymy 0 It is all full of lies Here the word “lies” is a metonym for those who tell lies. Alternate translation: “It is full of liars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
96 NAM 3 2 n52r 0 the noise of whips and the sound of rattling wheels, prancing horses, and bounding chariots These phrases describe the sound of chariots rushing through the streets as their drivers use their whips on the horses.
114 NAM 3 9 ega5 0 Cush and Egypt were her strength Alternate translation: “Ethiopia and Egypt strengthened her” or “Cush and Egypt were her allies”
115 NAM 3 9 knv4 figs-hyperbole 0 there was no end to it The word “it” refers to the “strength” that Cush and Egypt gave to Thebes. That there was no end to it is a hyperbole that expresses the great amount of strength. Alternate translation: “their strength was very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
116 NAM 3 9 c9nd translate-names 0 Put and Libya These are the names of places in northern Africa that were close to Thebes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NAM 3 10 h5f5 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
117 NAM 3 10 jt2a figs-metonymy 0 Yet Thebes was carried away The word “Thebes” represents the people who lived in Thebes. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
118 NAM 3 10 h6s7 figs-metonymy 0 she went into captivity The word “she” refers to Thebes and represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “they went into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
119 NAM 3 10 jht3 figs-activepassive 0 her young children were dashed in pieces This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces” or “enemy soldiers beat her young children to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
120 NAM 3 10 h7t9 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every street The beginning of a street is spoken of as if it were the head. Also, “every” is a generalization that means many places all over the city. Alternate translation: “on every street corner” or “in the streets all over the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
121 NAM 3 10 hyc8 figs-activepassive 0 all her great men were bound in chains This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they bound all her great men in chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
122 NAM 3 11 esd7 figs-metaphor 0 You also will become drunk Here the word “You” refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 12 kbf7 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
123 NAM 3 12 lb3t figs-explicit 0 All your fortresses Here, the word **fortresses** could mean: (1) it refers to Nineveh’s fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: “All of your fortifications” or “All of your defenses” or (2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: “All of your fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
124 NAM 3 12 uf4q figs-simile 0 All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater Nahum compares the ease with which the attackers will conquer Nineveh with the ease with which a person can cause ripe figs to fall from a tree. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
125 NAM 3 12 c8tt figs-explicit 0 the earliest ripe figs This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
130 NAM 3 13 sc8s figs-metaphor 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies This could mean: (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “the gates of your land” refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “the gates of your land” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
131 NAM 3 13 ea7i figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured their bars This could mean: (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “their bars” refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “their bars” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132 NAM 3 13 i4p2 figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured Nahum speaks of fire burning up and destroying as if fire were eating. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed” or “fire has burned up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NAM 3 14 g9i1 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
133 NAM 3 14 w932 figs-irony 0 Go draw water for the siege … pick up the molds for the bricks Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
134 NAM 3 14 d5xh 0 strengthen your fortresses Alternate translation: “repair the fortifications”
135 NAM 3 14 tja5 0 go into the clay and tread the mortar; pick up the molds for the bricks These phrases refer to making mud bricks that they will use to repair the city’s wall.

20
en_tn_35-HAB.tsv
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@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ HAB 1 intro pub8 0 # Habakkuk 1 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<
HAB 1 1 aip2 figs-explicit 0 The message that Habakkuk the prophet received, These words introduce the first two chapters of the book. It is implicit that Habakkuk received this message from Yahweh. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Habakkuk the prophet received from Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 1 2 zqs2 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
HAB 1 2 h93d figs-explicit 0 how long will I cry for help, and you will not hear? The reader should understand that Habakkuk has been crying to Yahweh for help for a long time. He asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how much longer it will be before Yahweh responds. Alternate translation: “how much longer shall I cry for help before you will respond?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 1 3 al9a 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues his prayer to God.
HAB 1 3 x3uc figs-abstractnouns 0 Destruction and violence are before me The words “destruction” and “violence” can be translated with a verbal phrase. The idiom “before me” means that Habakkuk witnesses these things happening. Alternate translation: “I witness people destroying things and acting violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 1 3 smv1 figs-abstractnouns 0 contention rises up The word “contention” refers to conflict between people and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Habakkuk speaks of there being more contention between people as if contention rises up. Alternate translation: “there is more conflict between people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 1 4 u4lc figs-metaphor 0 the law is weakened Habakkuk speaks of people not obeying or enforcing the law as if they had made the law weak and unable to act. Alternate translation: “no one enforces the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -26,7 +25,6 @@ HAB 1 8 cmk6 0 their horsemen the Chaldean soldiers who ride the horses
HAB 1 8 s39i figs-metaphor 0 they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move in order to conquer their enemies as if they were flying, like an eagle flies swiftly to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 1 9 t84x figs-metaphor 0 their multitudes go like the desert wind Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move as if they were a strong wind that blows in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 1 9 w7jf figs-simile 0 they gather captives like sand This could mean: (1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. Alternate translation: “they gather captives as one gathers sand” or (2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. Alternate translation: “they capture as many people as there are grains of sand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HAB 1 10 dsz7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe the Chaldean soldiers.
HAB 1 10 t1vb figs-parallelism 0 So they mock kings, and rulers are only a mockery for them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word “mockery” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “So they mock kings, and rulers are only something for them to mock” or “So all they do is mock kings and rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HAB 1 11 m8uj figs-metaphor 0 the wind will rush on Yahweh speaks of how swiftly the Chaldean army moves from one city to the next as it conquers each one as if it were a wind that blows swiftly along. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 1 11 vm3y 0 guilty men, those whose might is their god This refers to the Chaldean soldiers.
@ -35,14 +33,12 @@ HAB 1 12 esj1 figs-rquestion 0 Are you not from ancient times, Yahweh my God, m
HAB 1 12 kq2a 0 from ancient times Alternate translation: “eternal”
HAB 1 12 dxz9 figs-abstractnouns 0 has ordained them for judgment, and you, Rock, have established them for correction The word “them” refers to the Chaldeans. The words “judgment” and “correction” can be translated with verbs. The reader should understand that the Chaldeans will judge and correct Yahweh’s people. Alternate translation: “has ordained them to judge his people, and you, Rock, have established them to correct your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 1 12 b4f6 figs-metaphor 0 Rock Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh being the one who protects him and keeps him safe as if he were a rock upon which Habakkuk could stand in order to be out of his enemies’ reach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 1 13 i8m3 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans.
HAB 1 13 cyi1 figs-synecdoche 0 Your eyes are too pure Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh who sees. Alternate translation: “You are too pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
HAB 1 13 y39y 0 those who betray This refers to the Chaldeans. The word “betray” refers to people who have been disloyal or have broken agreements that they have made.
HAB 1 13 m99e figs-metaphor 0 Why are you silent while the wicked swallow up those more righteous than they are? Habakkuk speaks of wicked people destroying others as if the wicked were swallowing them. Alternate translation: “Why are you silent while the wicked destroy those more righteous than they are?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 1 13 f9bv figs-irony 0 those more righteous than they are This refers to the Israelites, about whom Habakkuk had been complaining. The reader should understand that these are wicked people, but they are “more righteous than” or not as wicked as the Chaldeans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
HAB 1 14 l8zj figs-simile 0 You make men like fish in the sea Habakkuk compares the way in which the Chaldeans will kill people without remorse with the way in which people will kill fish without remorse. Alternate translation: “You cause men to become no more important than fish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HAB 1 14 r8p4 figs-ellipsis 0 like creeping things without a ruler over them The words “creeping things” refer to insects and other bugs that crawl about. Just as insects have no ruler to organize and defend them, the people are defenseless before the Chaldean army. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “you make men as defenseless as insects that have no ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HAB 1 15 qcq6 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans.
HAB 1 15 g2sa figs-synecdoche 0 He brings … he drags … his fishnet … he gathers … his dragnet … he rejoices … he is glad The words “he” and “his” refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. Alternate translation: “They bring … they drag … their fishnets … they gather … their dragnet … they rejoice … they are glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
HAB 1 15 qt1d figs-123person 0 all of them … drags men away … gathers them Here “them” and “men” refer to people in general. This can be stated in first person to include Habakkuk as one of the people. Alternate translation: “all of us … drags us away … gathers us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
HAB 1 15 x5s1 figs-metaphor 0 He brings all of them up with a fishhook … in his dragnet Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans conquering people easily as if the people were fish that the Chaldeans catch with fishhooks and fishnets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -62,14 +58,12 @@ HAB 2 2 c1m9 figs-metaphor 0 so that the one reading them might run This could
HAB 2 3 bh8y figs-metaphor 0 the vision … will finally speak Yahweh speaks of the events in the vision happening as if the vision were a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “the vision … will finally happen” or “the vision … will finally come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 2 3 l26r figs-metaphor 0 Though it delays, wait for it. For it will surely come and will not tarry Yahweh speaks of the events of the vision taking a long time to happen as if the vision were a person who does not arrive soon at his destination. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 2 3 mw1n 0 will not tarry This could mean: (1) “will not be late” or (2) “will not come slowly”
HAB 2 4 w3ij figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. Here he speaks of the Chaldeans as if they were one prideful, drunken man who can never have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 4 viq4 0 Look! The word “Look!” here adds emphasis to what follows.
HAB 2 4 f5n5 figs-metaphor 0 is puffed up Yahweh speaks of the person who is prideful as if the person were “puffed up.” Alternate translation: “is very prideful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 5 es27 figs-personification 0 For wine is a betrayer of the arrogant young man Yahweh speaks of how a person’s judgment is impaired by drinking too much wine as if wine were a person who betrays the one who drinks it. Alternate translation: “For the arrogant young man does not get from wine what he wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 2 5 zbh2 figs-metaphor 0 so that he will not abide Here the word “abide” refers to dwelling in a home and is a metaphor for having no place to rest. Alternate translation: “so that he will not be able to rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 5 en8a figs-metaphor 0 enlarges his desire like the grave and, like death, is never satisfied Yahweh speaks of there always being more people to die as if “the grave” and “death” were people who are never satisfied with eating. In the same way, this person always wants more and is never satisfied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 5 fz6e figs-parallelism 0 He gathers to himself every nation and gathers up for himself all of the peoples These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of conquering nations and capturing the people as if it were gathering nations and peoples to oneself. Alternate translation: “He conquers for himself the people of every nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 6 knz3 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 6 jr6a figs-rquestion 0 Will not all these create The words “all these” refer to the nations and peoples from [Habakkuk 2:5](../02/05.md). This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “All of these nations and peoples will certainly create” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HAB 2 6 f8s8 figs-explicit 0 Woe to the one increasing what is not his It is implicit that he is increasing his possession of things that do not belong to him. Alternate translation: “Woe to the one who claims for himself more and more things that do not belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 2 6 jhf8 0 For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken? The word “pledges” refers to objects that people give to others from whom they have borrowed money as a guarantee that they will repay their debt. As the man collects more and more pledges, the total weight of the pledges that he carries increases.
@ -80,7 +74,6 @@ HAB 2 7 sv25 0 the ones terrifying you This refers to the same debtors. They w
HAB 2 7 g3a4 figs-metaphor 0 rise up … awaken The people of the nations beginning to act against the Chaldeans is spoken of as if they were to “rise up” and to “awaken” from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 8 dmt3 0 plunder to rob or take things by force
HAB 2 8 eji9 figs-idiom 0 you have shed human blood The idiom “to shed blood” means “to murder.” Alternate translation: “you have murdered people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 2 9 n7s9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 9 yq1w figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains A person making a profit by violent means is spoken of as if he were “carving out” gains from something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 9 xk13 figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains for his house This could mean: (1) the word “house” is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence” or (2) the word “house” is a metonym for “family” and the man has made his family rich through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who makes his family rich by violent means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 2 9 m1uh figs-metaphor 0 so he can set his nest on high to keep himself safe from the hand of evil The person who builds his house is spoken of as if he were a bird that builds its nest in a high place. The man thinks that his house is secure and free from danger, just as predators are unable to reach the nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -91,7 +84,6 @@ HAB 2 10 sg2a figs-idiom 0 have sinned against yourself The idiom “to sin aga
HAB 2 11 ukn3 figs-personification 0 For the stones will cry out from the wall, and the rafters of timber will answer them Here the materials with which the man has built his house are personified as witnesses of the crimes that he has committed. If your culture uses different materials to build houses, you can consider using those materials here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 2 11 bt1f 0 cry out Alternate translation: “cry out against you” or “cry out to accuse you”
HAB 2 11 b8iz 0 will answer them Alternate translation: “will agree with the stones”
HAB 2 12 xv2x figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 12 i4d5 figs-parallelism 0 Woe to the one who builds a city with blood, and who establishes a town in iniquity These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. Alternate translation: “A warning to the Chaldeans who built their cities with what they have stolen from the people they have killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HAB 2 12 dh3j figs-metonymy 0 the one who builds a city with blood Here the word “blood” is a metonym for murder. It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. Alternate translation: “the one who kills people and steals their goods in order to build a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 2 12 zan9 figs-explicit 0 who establishes a town in iniquity It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. Here the word “establishes” means “to begin.” Alternate translation: “who starts a town by means of the profit that he has acquired through evil behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -99,7 +91,6 @@ HAB 2 13 gru9 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not from Yahweh of hosts that peoples labo
HAB 2 13 s42e figs-explicit 0 peoples labor for fire This means that the things that people labor to build are ultimately destined to be fuel for fire. Alternate translation: “peoples labor to build things that will be used as fuel for fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 2 14 j8ng figs-simile 0 the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh as the waters cover the sea This simile compares the way in which people everywhere will know of Yahweh’s glory with how water fills every part of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HAB 2 14 y4eq figs-abstractnouns 0 the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh The word “knowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 2 15 r22i figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 15 xbs7 figs-metaphor 0 the one who forces his neighbors to drink … you make them drunk The way that the Chaldeans cruelly treated other nations is spoken of as if they were a man who forces his neighbors to become drunk so that he can humiliate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 15 k19h figs-explicit 0 the one who forces his neighbors to drink It is implied that he makes his neighbor drink wine. Alternate translation: “the one who forces his neighbors to drink wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 2 15 tyu9 figs-explicit 0 in order to look at their nakedness “so you can look at them when they are naked.” This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating people by stripping them naked in front of others. Alternate translation: “so that you can humiliate them publicly by stripping them naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -110,13 +101,11 @@ HAB 2 16 r8rj figs-metaphor 0 The cup in Yahweh’s right hand is coming around
HAB 2 16 psa7 0 The cup in Yahweh’s right hand Alternate translation: “The cup that Yahweh holds in his right hand” or “The cup that Yahweh is holding”
HAB 2 16 f71b 0 is coming around to you Alternate translation: “will come to you as it did to others” or “will pass along to you”
HAB 2 16 nv8g figs-metaphor 0 disgrace will cover your glory The Chaldeans experiencing disgrace instead of glory is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that covers the glory that they thought they had. Alternate translation: “disgrace will replace your glory” or “people will disgrace you instead of honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 17 jmf4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 17 j29e figs-metaphor 0 The violence done to Lebanon will overwhelm you The Chaldeans being punished for the violence done to Lebanon is spoken of as if their violent actions were a person who will overpower them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 2 17 a82q figs-metonymy 0 The violence done to Lebanon Here, **Lebanon** could mean: (1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the trees of Lebanon” or (2) it represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the people of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 2 17 e9sz figs-metaphor 0 the destruction of animals will terrify you The Chaldeans being punished for destroying the animals in Lebanon is spoken of as if their destruction were a person who will terrify them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 2 17 q3ze 0 For you have shed human blood … all who live in them See how you translated this sentence in [Habakkuk 2:8](../02/08.md).
HAB 2 17 ag1e figs-idiom 0 you have shed human blood The idiom “to shed blood” means “to murder.” Alternate translation: “you have murdered people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 2 18 d15q figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 18 g5ec figs-rquestion 0 What does the carved figure profit you? This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The carved figure profits you nothing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HAB 2 18 qb9w 0 you The word “you” refers to the Chaldeans.
HAB 2 18 n4un 0 molten metal This describes metal when it is in its liquid form.
@ -133,44 +122,36 @@ HAB 3 2 v94e 0 I have heard your report This could mean: (1) “I have heard p
HAB 3 2 ne6e figs-metaphor 0 revive your work Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh doing again the things that he has done in the past as if Yahweh were to cause his work to live again. Alternate translation: “bring your work back to life” or “what you did before, do again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 2 ah3p figs-idiom 0 in the midst of these times This idiom refers to the time at which Habakkuk prayed this prayer, as opposed to times when Yahweh had acted in the past to rescue his people. Alternate translation: “in our own times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 3 2 epw6 0 make it known Alternate translation: “make your work known” or “cause people to know your work”
HAB 3 3 s2sh figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Habakkuk begins to describe his vision of Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. The vision continues through [Habakkuk 3:15](../03/15.md). It is full of metaphorical language and uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HAB 3 3 ac8u 0 God came from Teman, and the Holy One from Mount Paran Teman and Mount Paran were both located south of Judah. Habakkuk speaks of God coming to Judah from the direction of Mount Sinai.
HAB 3 3 f9a6 0 His glory covered the heavens “His splendor covered the sky.” Here the word “glory” refers to the bright light that biblical writers often associate with God’s presence.
HAB 3 3 ixb2 figs-metonymy 0 the earth was full of his praise Here the word “praise” is a metonym for God’s qualities that cause people to praise him. Alternate translation: “the earth was full of his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 3 4 d42l 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 4 yln4 0 With brightness like the light Here the word “brightness” likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh’s glory. This could mean: (1) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like flashes of lightning or (2) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like the rising of the sun.
HAB 3 4 mnk6 figs-metaphor 0 two-pronged rays flash from his hand Habakkuk speaks of flashes of lightning as if they were two-pronged weapons that Yahweh holds in his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 4 d92s 0 there he hid his power The word “there” refers to Yahweh’s hand. This could mean: (1) the lightning bolts that Habakkuk can see are only a small representation of the full power that he cannot see hidden in Yahweh’s hand or (2) Yahweh hides his power in his hand until he is ready to use it.
HAB 3 6 bh72 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 6 gh3f 0 He stood This means that Yahweh stopped walking and stood still, not that he stood up from a seated position.
HAB 3 6 yt5m 0 measured the earth This could mean: (1) the word translated as “measured” can be “shook” or (2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors.
HAB 3 6 id6p 0 eternal mountains … everlasting hills “mountains that have existed since the beginning of time … hills that will exist until the end of time.” If your language has no different words for “hills” and “mountains” or for “eternal” and “everlasting,” you can combine them as the UST has done.
HAB 3 6 ey5u figs-activepassive 0 Even the eternal mountains were shattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Even the eternal mountains crumbled” or “He shattered even the eternal mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 3 6 g6cm figs-personification 0 the everlasting hills bowed down The hills being flattened like level ground is spoken of as if they were people who bow down before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the everlasting hills collapsed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 3 6 a4zl figs-metaphor 0 His path is everlasting This could mean: (1) the words “His path” may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “He is everlasting” or (2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: “He walks along an ancient path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 7 axq1 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 7 ydk4 figs-metonymy 0 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling This could mean: (1) the words “the tents” and “the fabric of the tents” are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: “I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 7 b5ma translate-names 0 Cushan Here, **Cushan** could mean (1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or (2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
HAB 3 8 a3lq figs-doublet 0 you rode upon your horses and your victorious chariots The phrases “your horses” and “your victorious chariots” both refer to the same thing. This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a warrior riding a horse-drawn chariot into battle. Alternate translation: “you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
HAB 3 9 y59h 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 9 avl5 figs-explicit 0 You have brought out your bow without a cover This means that Yahweh has removed his bow from its protective case and is prepared to shoot. Alternate translation: “You have prepared to shoot your bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 3 9 t8zv 0 You divided the earth with rivers This could mean: (1) “You created rivers that divide the lands through which they run” or (2) “You split open the earth and rivers flowed forth.”
HAB 3 10 k9nf figs-personification 0 The mountains saw you and twisted in pain The effects that Yahweh’s presence has on the mountains is spoken of as if the mountains were people who writhe in pain. This may refer either to the mountains shaking from an earthquake or to the water from the storm eroding the sides of the mountains as the streams flow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 3 10 rcw1 0 Downpours of water passed over them This could mean: (1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or (2) the rain caused raging streams to flow down the mountains.
HAB 3 10 fhs9 figs-metaphor 0 the deep sea raised a shout The loud noises that the sea makes as the wind and storm pass over it are spoken of as if the sea were a person who begins to shout loudly. Alternate translation: “the deep sea became loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 3 10 t3k6 figs-metaphor 0 It lifted up its waves The level of the water in the sea rising and the storm winds causing waves in the sea is spoken of as if the sea were a person who lifts its waves. Alternate translation: “Waves began to form in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 3 11 n9kb 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 11 f391 figs-metaphor 0 The sun and moon stood still The sun and moon not moving in the sky is spoken of as if they were people who stopped walking and stood still. Alternate translation: “The sun and moon stopped moving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 3 11 wrz3 0 in their high places Alternate translation: “in the sky”
HAB 3 11 hqb4 figs-parallelism 0 at the flash of your arrows … at the lightning of your flashing spear These two phrases share similar meanings and tell why the sun and moon have stood still. The lightning flashes in the sky are spoken of as if they were arrows that Yahweh shoots from his bow or a shining spear that he throws through the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 11 zte1 0 the flash of your arrows as they fly Alternate translation: “the flash of your flying arrows”
HAB 3 12 vd76 0 indignation anger of a person who has suffered injustice
HAB 3 12 q7gg figs-metaphor 0 you have threshed the nations Yahweh punishing the people of the nations is spoken of as if he threshed the nations. Threshing refers to the practice of having an ox or some other animal trample upon grain stalks in order to crush them and remove the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 13 wr8d 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. The last sentence in this verse is difficult to translate. Read each of the translationNotes on that sentence below to see different ways to translate it.
HAB 3 13 air3 figs-abstractnouns 0 You went out for the salvation of your people The word “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “You went out to save your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HAB 3 13 qtl6 0 your anointed one Here this phrase refers to one whom Yahweh has chosen. This could mean: (1) “the people you have chosen” or “the nation you have chosen” or (2) “the king you have chosen.”
HAB 3 13 il57 figs-metonymy 0 You shatter the head of the house of the wicked to lay bare from the base up to the neck This could mean: (1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and “base” and “neck” represent other parts of the house. Alternate translation: “You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building” or “You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation” or (2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person’s head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the “head,” and “house” represents the people who are the body. Alternate translation: “The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck” or “You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 14 w31g 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 14 v64x figs-metaphor 0 You have pierced the head of his warriors with his own arrows The word “his” refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. Alternate translation: “You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors” or (2) the word “head” refers to the heads of each of the warriors. Alternate translation: “With the leader’s own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 14 yv9w figs-simile 0 they came like a storm The power and quickness of the Chaldeans as they attacked the people of Israel is compared to the coming of a sudden storm. Alternate translation: “they came quickly like a storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HAB 3 14 srm8 figs-abstractnouns 0 their gloating was like one who devours the poor in a hiding place The word “gloating” here means to rejoice for bad reasons and can be translated with a verb. The warriors treating people cruelly or killing them is spoken of as if the warriors were wild beasts who carry their prey to their hiding places in order to eat it. Alternate translation: “they gloated like a person who secretly abuses poor people” or “they rejoiced when they oppressed the poor, acting as if they would eat them like a beast eats its prey in its den” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -184,6 +165,5 @@ HAB 3 16 y61b figs-idiom 0 under myself I tremble The words “under myself”
HAB 3 17 t3s6 0 General Information: Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh.
HAB 3 17 e3u3 0 though the produce of the olive tree disappoints Alternate translation: “though the produce of the olive tree fails” or “though the olive tree fails to produce olives”
HAB 3 17 wcs3 figs-metaphor 0 though the flock is cut off from the fold The word “flock” may refer to sheep or goats, or both. The word “fold” refers to the fenced-in area where shepherds keep their flock. Habakkuk speaks of the flock dying as if someone were to cut off the flock, as a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “though all the flock dies and the folds are empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 18 v4vm 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his reaction to his vision of Yahweh and determines to praise him.
HAB 3 18 zwf8 figs-abstractnouns 0 the God of my salvation The word “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “the God who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HAB 3 19 ny4z figs-metaphor 0 he makes my feet like the deer’s. He makes me go forward on my high places Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh keeping him safe and enabling him to survive during difficult times as if Yahweh were to make him as sure-footed as a deer that can climb easily on rugged and dangerous mountain sides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
4 HAB 1 1 aip2 figs-explicit 0 The message that Habakkuk the prophet received, These words introduce the first two chapters of the book. It is implicit that Habakkuk received this message from Yahweh. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Habakkuk the prophet received from Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5 HAB 1 2 zqs2 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
6 HAB 1 2 h93d figs-explicit 0 how long will I cry for help, and you will not hear? The reader should understand that Habakkuk has been crying to Yahweh for help for a long time. He asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how much longer it will be before Yahweh responds. Alternate translation: “how much longer shall I cry for help before you will respond?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HAB 1 3 al9a 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues his prayer to God.
7 HAB 1 3 x3uc figs-abstractnouns 0 Destruction and violence are before me The words “destruction” and “violence” can be translated with a verbal phrase. The idiom “before me” means that Habakkuk witnesses these things happening. Alternate translation: “I witness people destroying things and acting violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
8 HAB 1 3 smv1 figs-abstractnouns 0 contention rises up The word “contention” refers to conflict between people and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Habakkuk speaks of there being more contention between people as if contention rises up. Alternate translation: “there is more conflict between people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9 HAB 1 4 u4lc figs-metaphor 0 the law is weakened Habakkuk speaks of people not obeying or enforcing the law as if they had made the law weak and unable to act. Alternate translation: “no one enforces the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25 HAB 1 8 s39i figs-metaphor 0 they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move in order to conquer their enemies as if they were flying, like an eagle flies swiftly to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26 HAB 1 9 t84x figs-metaphor 0 their multitudes go like the desert wind Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move as if they were a strong wind that blows in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27 HAB 1 9 w7jf figs-simile 0 they gather captives like sand This could mean: (1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. Alternate translation: “they gather captives as one gathers sand” or (2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. Alternate translation: “they capture as many people as there are grains of sand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HAB 1 10 dsz7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe the Chaldean soldiers.
28 HAB 1 10 t1vb figs-parallelism 0 So they mock kings, and rulers are only a mockery for them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word “mockery” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “So they mock kings, and rulers are only something for them to mock” or “So all they do is mock kings and rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
29 HAB 1 11 m8uj figs-metaphor 0 the wind will rush on Yahweh speaks of how swiftly the Chaldean army moves from one city to the next as it conquers each one as if it were a wind that blows swiftly along. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30 HAB 1 11 vm3y 0 guilty men, those whose might is their god This refers to the Chaldean soldiers.
33 HAB 1 12 kq2a 0 from ancient times Alternate translation: “eternal”
34 HAB 1 12 dxz9 figs-abstractnouns 0 has ordained them for judgment, and you, Rock, have established them for correction The word “them” refers to the Chaldeans. The words “judgment” and “correction” can be translated with verbs. The reader should understand that the Chaldeans will judge and correct Yahweh’s people. Alternate translation: “has ordained them to judge his people, and you, Rock, have established them to correct your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
35 HAB 1 12 b4f6 figs-metaphor 0 Rock Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh being the one who protects him and keeps him safe as if he were a rock upon which Habakkuk could stand in order to be out of his enemies’ reach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 1 13 i8m3 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans.
36 HAB 1 13 cyi1 figs-synecdoche 0 Your eyes are too pure Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh who sees. Alternate translation: “You are too pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
37 HAB 1 13 y39y 0 those who betray This refers to the Chaldeans. The word “betray” refers to people who have been disloyal or have broken agreements that they have made.
38 HAB 1 13 m99e figs-metaphor 0 Why are you silent while the wicked swallow up those more righteous than they are? Habakkuk speaks of wicked people destroying others as if the wicked were swallowing them. Alternate translation: “Why are you silent while the wicked destroy those more righteous than they are?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39 HAB 1 13 f9bv figs-irony 0 those more righteous than they are This refers to the Israelites, about whom Habakkuk had been complaining. The reader should understand that these are wicked people, but they are “more righteous than” or not as wicked as the Chaldeans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
40 HAB 1 14 l8zj figs-simile 0 You make men like fish in the sea Habakkuk compares the way in which the Chaldeans will kill people without remorse with the way in which people will kill fish without remorse. Alternate translation: “You cause men to become no more important than fish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
41 HAB 1 14 r8p4 figs-ellipsis 0 like creeping things without a ruler over them The words “creeping things” refer to insects and other bugs that crawl about. Just as insects have no ruler to organize and defend them, the people are defenseless before the Chaldean army. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “you make men as defenseless as insects that have no ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HAB 1 15 qcq6 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans.
42 HAB 1 15 g2sa figs-synecdoche 0 He brings … he drags … his fishnet … he gathers … his dragnet … he rejoices … he is glad The words “he” and “his” refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. Alternate translation: “They bring … they drag … their fishnets … they gather … their dragnet … they rejoice … they are glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
43 HAB 1 15 qt1d figs-123person 0 all of them … drags men away … gathers them Here “them” and “men” refer to people in general. This can be stated in first person to include Habakkuk as one of the people. Alternate translation: “all of us … drags us away … gathers us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
44 HAB 1 15 x5s1 figs-metaphor 0 He brings all of them up with a fishhook … in his dragnet Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans conquering people easily as if the people were fish that the Chaldeans catch with fishhooks and fishnets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58 HAB 2 3 bh8y figs-metaphor 0 the vision … will finally speak Yahweh speaks of the events in the vision happening as if the vision were a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “the vision … will finally happen” or “the vision … will finally come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
59 HAB 2 3 l26r figs-metaphor 0 Though it delays, wait for it. For it will surely come and will not tarry Yahweh speaks of the events of the vision taking a long time to happen as if the vision were a person who does not arrive soon at his destination. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
60 HAB 2 3 mw1n 0 will not tarry This could mean: (1) “will not be late” or (2) “will not come slowly”
HAB 2 4 w3ij figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. Here he speaks of the Chaldeans as if they were one prideful, drunken man who can never have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61 HAB 2 4 viq4 0 Look! The word “Look!” here adds emphasis to what follows.
62 HAB 2 4 f5n5 figs-metaphor 0 is puffed up Yahweh speaks of the person who is prideful as if the person were “puffed up.” Alternate translation: “is very prideful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
63 HAB 2 5 es27 figs-personification 0 For wine is a betrayer of the arrogant young man Yahweh speaks of how a person’s judgment is impaired by drinking too much wine as if wine were a person who betrays the one who drinks it. Alternate translation: “For the arrogant young man does not get from wine what he wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
64 HAB 2 5 zbh2 figs-metaphor 0 so that he will not abide Here the word “abide” refers to dwelling in a home and is a metaphor for having no place to rest. Alternate translation: “so that he will not be able to rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65 HAB 2 5 en8a figs-metaphor 0 enlarges his desire like the grave and, like death, is never satisfied Yahweh speaks of there always being more people to die as if “the grave” and “death” were people who are never satisfied with eating. In the same way, this person always wants more and is never satisfied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66 HAB 2 5 fz6e figs-parallelism 0 He gathers to himself every nation and gathers up for himself all of the peoples These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of conquering nations and capturing the people as if it were gathering nations and peoples to oneself. Alternate translation: “He conquers for himself the people of every nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 6 knz3 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
67 HAB 2 6 jr6a figs-rquestion 0 Will not all these create The words “all these” refer to the nations and peoples from [Habakkuk 2:5](../02/05.md). This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “All of these nations and peoples will certainly create” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
68 HAB 2 6 f8s8 figs-explicit 0 Woe to the one increasing what is not his It is implicit that he is increasing his possession of things that do not belong to him. Alternate translation: “Woe to the one who claims for himself more and more things that do not belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
69 HAB 2 6 jhf8 0 For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken? The word “pledges” refers to objects that people give to others from whom they have borrowed money as a guarantee that they will repay their debt. As the man collects more and more pledges, the total weight of the pledges that he carries increases.
74 HAB 2 7 g3a4 figs-metaphor 0 rise up … awaken The people of the nations beginning to act against the Chaldeans is spoken of as if they were to “rise up” and to “awaken” from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
75 HAB 2 8 dmt3 0 plunder to rob or take things by force
76 HAB 2 8 eji9 figs-idiom 0 you have shed human blood The idiom “to shed blood” means “to murder.” Alternate translation: “you have murdered people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 2 9 n7s9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77 HAB 2 9 yq1w figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains A person making a profit by violent means is spoken of as if he were “carving out” gains from something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
78 HAB 2 9 xk13 figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains for his house This could mean: (1) the word “house” is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence” or (2) the word “house” is a metonym for “family” and the man has made his family rich through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who makes his family rich by violent means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
79 HAB 2 9 m1uh figs-metaphor 0 so he can set his nest on high to keep himself safe from the hand of evil The person who builds his house is spoken of as if he were a bird that builds its nest in a high place. The man thinks that his house is secure and free from danger, just as predators are unable to reach the nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84 HAB 2 11 ukn3 figs-personification 0 For the stones will cry out from the wall, and the rafters of timber will answer them Here the materials with which the man has built his house are personified as witnesses of the crimes that he has committed. If your culture uses different materials to build houses, you can consider using those materials here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
85 HAB 2 11 bt1f 0 cry out Alternate translation: “cry out against you” or “cry out to accuse you”
86 HAB 2 11 b8iz 0 will answer them Alternate translation: “will agree with the stones”
HAB 2 12 xv2x figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87 HAB 2 12 i4d5 figs-parallelism 0 Woe to the one who builds a city with blood, and who establishes a town in iniquity These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. Alternate translation: “A warning to the Chaldeans who built their cities with what they have stolen from the people they have killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
88 HAB 2 12 dh3j figs-metonymy 0 the one who builds a city with blood Here the word “blood” is a metonym for murder. It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. Alternate translation: “the one who kills people and steals their goods in order to build a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
89 HAB 2 12 zan9 figs-explicit 0 who establishes a town in iniquity It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. Here the word “establishes” means “to begin.” Alternate translation: “who starts a town by means of the profit that he has acquired through evil behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
91 HAB 2 13 s42e figs-explicit 0 peoples labor for fire This means that the things that people labor to build are ultimately destined to be fuel for fire. Alternate translation: “peoples labor to build things that will be used as fuel for fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
92 HAB 2 14 j8ng figs-simile 0 the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh as the waters cover the sea This simile compares the way in which people everywhere will know of Yahweh’s glory with how water fills every part of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
93 HAB 2 14 y4eq figs-abstractnouns 0 the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh The word “knowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HAB 2 15 r22i figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94 HAB 2 15 xbs7 figs-metaphor 0 the one who forces his neighbors to drink … you make them drunk The way that the Chaldeans cruelly treated other nations is spoken of as if they were a man who forces his neighbors to become drunk so that he can humiliate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
95 HAB 2 15 k19h figs-explicit 0 the one who forces his neighbors to drink It is implied that he makes his neighbor drink wine. Alternate translation: “the one who forces his neighbors to drink wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
96 HAB 2 15 tyu9 figs-explicit 0 in order to look at their nakedness “so you can look at them when they are naked.” This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating people by stripping them naked in front of others. Alternate translation: “so that you can humiliate them publicly by stripping them naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
101 HAB 2 16 psa7 0 The cup in Yahweh’s right hand Alternate translation: “The cup that Yahweh holds in his right hand” or “The cup that Yahweh is holding”
102 HAB 2 16 f71b 0 is coming around to you Alternate translation: “will come to you as it did to others” or “will pass along to you”
103 HAB 2 16 nv8g figs-metaphor 0 disgrace will cover your glory The Chaldeans experiencing disgrace instead of glory is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that covers the glory that they thought they had. Alternate translation: “disgrace will replace your glory” or “people will disgrace you instead of honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 2 17 jmf4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104 HAB 2 17 j29e figs-metaphor 0 The violence done to Lebanon will overwhelm you The Chaldeans being punished for the violence done to Lebanon is spoken of as if their violent actions were a person who will overpower them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
105 HAB 2 17 a82q figs-metonymy 0 The violence done to Lebanon Here, **Lebanon** could mean: (1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the trees of Lebanon” or (2) it represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the people of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
106 HAB 2 17 e9sz figs-metaphor 0 the destruction of animals will terrify you The Chaldeans being punished for destroying the animals in Lebanon is spoken of as if their destruction were a person who will terrify them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
107 HAB 2 17 q3ze 0 For you have shed human blood … all who live in them See how you translated this sentence in [Habakkuk 2:8](../02/08.md).
108 HAB 2 17 ag1e figs-idiom 0 you have shed human blood The idiom “to shed blood” means “to murder.” Alternate translation: “you have murdered people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HAB 2 18 d15q figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
109 HAB 2 18 g5ec figs-rquestion 0 What does the carved figure profit you? This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The carved figure profits you nothing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
110 HAB 2 18 qb9w 0 you The word “you” refers to the Chaldeans.
111 HAB 2 18 n4un 0 molten metal This describes metal when it is in its liquid form.
122 HAB 3 2 ne6e figs-metaphor 0 revive your work Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh doing again the things that he has done in the past as if Yahweh were to cause his work to live again. Alternate translation: “bring your work back to life” or “what you did before, do again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123 HAB 3 2 ah3p figs-idiom 0 in the midst of these times This idiom refers to the time at which Habakkuk prayed this prayer, as opposed to times when Yahweh had acted in the past to rescue his people. Alternate translation: “in our own times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
124 HAB 3 2 epw6 0 make it known Alternate translation: “make your work known” or “cause people to know your work”
HAB 3 3 s2sh figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Habakkuk begins to describe his vision of Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. The vision continues through [Habakkuk 3:15](../03/15.md). It is full of metaphorical language and uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
125 HAB 3 3 ac8u 0 God came from Teman, and the Holy One from Mount Paran Teman and Mount Paran were both located south of Judah. Habakkuk speaks of God coming to Judah from the direction of Mount Sinai.
126 HAB 3 3 f9a6 0 His glory covered the heavens “His splendor covered the sky.” Here the word “glory” refers to the bright light that biblical writers often associate with God’s presence.
127 HAB 3 3 ixb2 figs-metonymy 0 the earth was full of his praise Here the word “praise” is a metonym for God’s qualities that cause people to praise him. Alternate translation: “the earth was full of his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HAB 3 4 d42l 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
128 HAB 3 4 yln4 0 With brightness like the light Here the word “brightness” likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh’s glory. This could mean: (1) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like flashes of lightning or (2) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like the rising of the sun.
129 HAB 3 4 mnk6 figs-metaphor 0 two-pronged rays flash from his hand Habakkuk speaks of flashes of lightning as if they were two-pronged weapons that Yahweh holds in his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
130 HAB 3 4 d92s 0 there he hid his power The word “there” refers to Yahweh’s hand. This could mean: (1) the lightning bolts that Habakkuk can see are only a small representation of the full power that he cannot see hidden in Yahweh’s hand or (2) Yahweh hides his power in his hand until he is ready to use it.
HAB 3 6 bh72 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
131 HAB 3 6 gh3f 0 He stood This means that Yahweh stopped walking and stood still, not that he stood up from a seated position.
132 HAB 3 6 yt5m 0 measured the earth This could mean: (1) the word translated as “measured” can be “shook” or (2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors.
133 HAB 3 6 id6p 0 eternal mountains … everlasting hills “mountains that have existed since the beginning of time … hills that will exist until the end of time.” If your language has no different words for “hills” and “mountains” or for “eternal” and “everlasting,” you can combine them as the UST has done.
134 HAB 3 6 ey5u figs-activepassive 0 Even the eternal mountains were shattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Even the eternal mountains crumbled” or “He shattered even the eternal mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
135 HAB 3 6 g6cm figs-personification 0 the everlasting hills bowed down The hills being flattened like level ground is spoken of as if they were people who bow down before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the everlasting hills collapsed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
136 HAB 3 6 a4zl figs-metaphor 0 His path is everlasting This could mean: (1) the words “His path” may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “He is everlasting” or (2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: “He walks along an ancient path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 7 axq1 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
137 HAB 3 7 ydk4 figs-metonymy 0 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling This could mean: (1) the words “the tents” and “the fabric of the tents” are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: “I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138 HAB 3 7 b5ma translate-names 0 Cushan Here, **Cushan** could mean (1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or (2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
139 HAB 3 8 a3lq figs-doublet 0 you rode upon your horses and your victorious chariots The phrases “your horses” and “your victorious chariots” both refer to the same thing. This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a warrior riding a horse-drawn chariot into battle. Alternate translation: “you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
HAB 3 9 y59h 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
140 HAB 3 9 avl5 figs-explicit 0 You have brought out your bow without a cover This means that Yahweh has removed his bow from its protective case and is prepared to shoot. Alternate translation: “You have prepared to shoot your bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
141 HAB 3 9 t8zv 0 You divided the earth with rivers This could mean: (1) “You created rivers that divide the lands through which they run” or (2) “You split open the earth and rivers flowed forth.”
142 HAB 3 10 k9nf figs-personification 0 The mountains saw you and twisted in pain The effects that Yahweh’s presence has on the mountains is spoken of as if the mountains were people who writhe in pain. This may refer either to the mountains shaking from an earthquake or to the water from the storm eroding the sides of the mountains as the streams flow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
143 HAB 3 10 rcw1 0 Downpours of water passed over them This could mean: (1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or (2) the rain caused raging streams to flow down the mountains.
144 HAB 3 10 fhs9 figs-metaphor 0 the deep sea raised a shout The loud noises that the sea makes as the wind and storm pass over it are spoken of as if the sea were a person who begins to shout loudly. Alternate translation: “the deep sea became loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
145 HAB 3 10 t3k6 figs-metaphor 0 It lifted up its waves The level of the water in the sea rising and the storm winds causing waves in the sea is spoken of as if the sea were a person who lifts its waves. Alternate translation: “Waves began to form in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
HAB 3 11 n9kb 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
146 HAB 3 11 f391 figs-metaphor 0 The sun and moon stood still The sun and moon not moving in the sky is spoken of as if they were people who stopped walking and stood still. Alternate translation: “The sun and moon stopped moving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
147 HAB 3 11 wrz3 0 in their high places Alternate translation: “in the sky”
148 HAB 3 11 hqb4 figs-parallelism 0 at the flash of your arrows … at the lightning of your flashing spear These two phrases share similar meanings and tell why the sun and moon have stood still. The lightning flashes in the sky are spoken of as if they were arrows that Yahweh shoots from his bow or a shining spear that he throws through the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149 HAB 3 11 zte1 0 the flash of your arrows as they fly Alternate translation: “the flash of your flying arrows”
150 HAB 3 12 vd76 0 indignation anger of a person who has suffered injustice
151 HAB 3 12 q7gg figs-metaphor 0 you have threshed the nations Yahweh punishing the people of the nations is spoken of as if he threshed the nations. Threshing refers to the practice of having an ox or some other animal trample upon grain stalks in order to crush them and remove the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 13 wr8d 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. The last sentence in this verse is difficult to translate. Read each of the translationNotes on that sentence below to see different ways to translate it.
152 HAB 3 13 air3 figs-abstractnouns 0 You went out for the salvation of your people The word “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “You went out to save your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
153 HAB 3 13 qtl6 0 your anointed one Here this phrase refers to one whom Yahweh has chosen. This could mean: (1) “the people you have chosen” or “the nation you have chosen” or (2) “the king you have chosen.”
154 HAB 3 13 il57 figs-metonymy 0 You shatter the head of the house of the wicked to lay bare from the base up to the neck This could mean: (1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and “base” and “neck” represent other parts of the house. Alternate translation: “You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building” or “You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation” or (2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person’s head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the “head,” and “house” represents the people who are the body. Alternate translation: “The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck” or “You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 14 w31g 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh.
155 HAB 3 14 v64x figs-metaphor 0 You have pierced the head of his warriors with his own arrows The word “his” refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. Alternate translation: “You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors” or (2) the word “head” refers to the heads of each of the warriors. Alternate translation: “With the leader’s own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
156 HAB 3 14 yv9w figs-simile 0 they came like a storm The power and quickness of the Chaldeans as they attacked the people of Israel is compared to the coming of a sudden storm. Alternate translation: “they came quickly like a storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
157 HAB 3 14 srm8 figs-abstractnouns 0 their gloating was like one who devours the poor in a hiding place The word “gloating” here means to rejoice for bad reasons and can be translated with a verb. The warriors treating people cruelly or killing them is spoken of as if the warriors were wild beasts who carry their prey to their hiding places in order to eat it. Alternate translation: “they gloated like a person who secretly abuses poor people” or “they rejoiced when they oppressed the poor, acting as if they would eat them like a beast eats its prey in its den” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
165 HAB 3 17 t3s6 0 General Information: Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh.
166 HAB 3 17 e3u3 0 though the produce of the olive tree disappoints Alternate translation: “though the produce of the olive tree fails” or “though the olive tree fails to produce olives”
167 HAB 3 17 wcs3 figs-metaphor 0 though the flock is cut off from the fold The word “flock” may refer to sheep or goats, or both. The word “fold” refers to the fenced-in area where shepherds keep their flock. Habakkuk speaks of the flock dying as if someone were to cut off the flock, as a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “though all the flock dies and the folds are empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HAB 3 18 v4vm 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his reaction to his vision of Yahweh and determines to praise him.
168 HAB 3 18 zwf8 figs-abstractnouns 0 the God of my salvation The word “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “the God who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
169 HAB 3 19 ny4z figs-metaphor 0 he makes my feet like the deer’s. He makes me go forward on my high places Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh keeping him safe and enabling him to survive during difficult times as if Yahweh were to make him as sure-footed as a deer that can climb easily on rugged and dangerous mountain sides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1
en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv
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@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ ZEP 1 17 jrq1 figs-simile 0 their inner parts like dung The verb “poured out
ZEP 1 18 ai7h figs-metaphor 0 the fire of his jealousy Here “fire” refers to the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “his jealousy is as intense as a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEP 1 18 ij81 figs-explicit 0 all the inhabitants of the earth It is understood that this refers to the wicked people. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “all the wicked people who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEP 2 intro t1it 0 # Zephaniah 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 2:1-9, 12-15.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophecy<br>In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])
ZEP 2 1 w5gd 0 General Information: In 2:1-3, Yahweh continues to speak to Judah, and tells them to repent.
ZEP 2 1 w14p figs-doublet 0 Rally yourselves together and gather These two phrases mean the same thing. Together they intensify the command for the people to gather together in order to repent of their sins. Alternate translation: “Gather yourselves together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEP 2 2 m93y figs-metonymy 0 before the decree takes effect This phrase refers to the punishment that will happen as a result of Yahweh’s decree. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh punishes you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEP 2 2 j7xn 0 that day This phrase relates to the “day of Yahweh.” Translate as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:9](../01/09.md).

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
64 ZEP 1 18 ai7h figs-metaphor 0 the fire of his jealousy Here “fire” refers to the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “his jealousy is as intense as a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
65 ZEP 1 18 ij81 figs-explicit 0 all the inhabitants of the earth It is understood that this refers to the wicked people. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “all the wicked people who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
66 ZEP 2 intro t1it 0 # Zephaniah 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 2:1-9, 12-15.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophecy<br>In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])
ZEP 2 1 w5gd 0 General Information: In 2:1-3, Yahweh continues to speak to Judah, and tells them to repent.
67 ZEP 2 1 w14p figs-doublet 0 Rally yourselves together and gather These two phrases mean the same thing. Together they intensify the command for the people to gather together in order to repent of their sins. Alternate translation: “Gather yourselves together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
68 ZEP 2 2 m93y figs-metonymy 0 before the decree takes effect This phrase refers to the punishment that will happen as a result of Yahweh’s decree. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh punishes you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69 ZEP 2 2 j7xn 0 that day This phrase relates to the “day of Yahweh.” Translate as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:9](../01/09.md).

6
en_tn_38-ZEC.tsv
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@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ ZEC 3 6 v18s 0 solemnly commanded Joshua Alternate translation: “commanded J
ZEC 3 7 l5ba figs-parallelism 0 If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahweh’s paths. Alternate translation: “If you will obey me and keep my commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 3 7 x34k figs-metonymy 0 you will govern my house and guard my courts Here the word “house” is a metonym for the temple, while the word “courts” refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. Alternate translation: “you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 3 7 mwk3 figs-idiom 0 to go and come among these who stand before me The phrase “to go and come among” is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to come before me as these who stand here do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 3 8 gk7g 0 General Information: The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to Joshua.
ZEC 3 8 jym9 figs-explicit 0 your companions who live with you This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. Alternate translation: “the other priests who live with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 3 8 hp4q 0 For these men are a sign Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special meaning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of the priests serving in the temple as being this sign that shows that Yahweh will bring his servant.
ZEC 3 8 v7at figs-metaphor 0 my servant the Branch The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -131,7 +130,6 @@ ZEC 5 1 xqx2 0 Then I turned The word “I” refers to Zechariah.
ZEC 5 1 gf8m figs-synecdoche 0 lifted my eyes The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 5 1 ynu9 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
ZEC 5 2 gh1w translate-bdistance 0 twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
ZEC 5 3 c87q 0 General Information: The angel continues to speak with Zechariah.
ZEC 5 3 lv5p figs-metonymy 0 This is the curse The word “this” refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: “On this scroll is the curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 5 3 mys3 figs-idiom 0 that goes out over the surface of the whole land The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 5 3 iha6 figs-metaphor 0 every thief will be cut off … everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -345,7 +343,6 @@ ZEC 9 17 rzm2 figs-parallelism 0 The young men will flourish on grain and the v
ZEC 9 17 uf1p figs-parallelism 0 The young men … the virgins These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 9 17 x8zq figs-parallelism 0 grain … sweet wine These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 10 intro jmh9 0 # Zechariah 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1-2.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Redemption<br>This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])
ZEC 10 1 v7qp 0 General Information: Zechariah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ZEC 10 1 ybt5 0 vegetation in the field Alternate translation: “causes plants to grow in the field”
ZEC 10 2 wcl5 0 household idols speak falsely “household idols give false messages.” Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UST makes this explicit.
ZEC 10 2 tc8c 0 diviners envision a lie Alternate translation: “diviners see false visions”
@ -413,11 +410,9 @@ ZEC 11 11 m881 figs-activepassive 0 the covenant was broken This can be stated
ZEC 11 11 ve5p figs-explicit 0 knew that Yahweh had spoken It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 11 12 x7fr figs-explicit 0 thirty pieces of silver It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate translation: “only thirty pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 11 12 zf3a translate-numbers 0 thirty pieces “30 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ZEC 11 13 e1ta 0 General Information: The parable about shepherds and sheep continues.
ZEC 11 13 dv1a 0 treasury This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as “potter.” This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was.
ZEC 11 13 ye4f figs-irony 0 the excellent price Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh’s work. Alternate translation: “the ridiculously small amount of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ZEC 11 14 js8t figs-metonymy 0 between Judah and Israel Here “Judah” represents the people of the southern kingdom and “Israel” represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “between the people of Judah and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 15 q7l8 translate-symaction 0 General Information: This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](../11/04.md). This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
ZEC 11 16 t1g5 figs-idiom 0 I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land Here “set in place” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land” or “I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 11 16 qq2g 0 the fattened sheep Alternate translation: “the fattest sheep” or “the best sheep”
ZEC 11 16 wwi6 0 will tear off their hooves This was probably done as an act of cruelty.
@ -441,7 +436,6 @@ ZEC 12 4 jgj7 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah Here “house” represents pe
ZEC 12 5 g3n8 figs-metonymy 0 say in their hearts Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “think to themselves” or “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 5 w95z figs-abstractnouns 0 are our strength The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “strong” or “encourage.” Alternate translation: “make us strong” or “encourage us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 12 5 u38m 0 Yahweh of hosts, their God Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship”
ZEC 12 6 t6hr 0 General Information: This verse continues telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
ZEC 12 6 zv3y figs-simile 0 like firepots among wood … standing grain This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. Alternate translation: “like firepots among stacked firewood … unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 12 6 cjb8 0 firepots clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals
ZEC 12 6 vm57 0 flaming torch a wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or carries fire somewhere

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
89 ZEC 3 7 l5ba figs-parallelism 0 If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahweh’s paths. Alternate translation: “If you will obey me and keep my commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90 ZEC 3 7 x34k figs-metonymy 0 you will govern my house and guard my courts Here the word “house” is a metonym for the temple, while the word “courts” refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. Alternate translation: “you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
91 ZEC 3 7 mwk3 figs-idiom 0 to go and come among these who stand before me The phrase “to go and come among” is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to come before me as these who stand here do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 3 8 gk7g 0 General Information: The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to Joshua.
92 ZEC 3 8 jym9 figs-explicit 0 your companions who live with you This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. Alternate translation: “the other priests who live with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
93 ZEC 3 8 hp4q 0 For these men are a sign Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special meaning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of the priests serving in the temple as being this sign that shows that Yahweh will bring his servant.
94 ZEC 3 8 v7at figs-metaphor 0 my servant the Branch The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
130 ZEC 5 1 gf8m figs-synecdoche 0 lifted my eyes The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
131 ZEC 5 1 ynu9 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
132 ZEC 5 2 gh1w translate-bdistance 0 twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
ZEC 5 3 c87q 0 General Information: The angel continues to speak with Zechariah.
133 ZEC 5 3 lv5p figs-metonymy 0 This is the curse The word “this” refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: “On this scroll is the curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
134 ZEC 5 3 mys3 figs-idiom 0 that goes out over the surface of the whole land The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
135 ZEC 5 3 iha6 figs-metaphor 0 every thief will be cut off … everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
343 ZEC 9 17 uf1p figs-parallelism 0 The young men … the virgins These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
344 ZEC 9 17 x8zq figs-parallelism 0 grain … sweet wine These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
345 ZEC 10 intro jmh9 0 # Zechariah 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1-2.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Redemption<br>This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])
ZEC 10 1 v7qp 0 General Information: Zechariah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
346 ZEC 10 1 ybt5 0 vegetation in the field Alternate translation: “causes plants to grow in the field”
347 ZEC 10 2 wcl5 0 household idols speak falsely “household idols give false messages.” Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UST makes this explicit.
348 ZEC 10 2 tc8c 0 diviners envision a lie Alternate translation: “diviners see false visions”
410 ZEC 11 11 ve5p figs-explicit 0 knew that Yahweh had spoken It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
411 ZEC 11 12 x7fr figs-explicit 0 thirty pieces of silver It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate translation: “only thirty pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
412 ZEC 11 12 zf3a translate-numbers 0 thirty pieces “30 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ZEC 11 13 e1ta 0 General Information: The parable about shepherds and sheep continues.
413 ZEC 11 13 dv1a 0 treasury This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as “potter.” This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was.
414 ZEC 11 13 ye4f figs-irony 0 the excellent price Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh’s work. Alternate translation: “the ridiculously small amount of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
415 ZEC 11 14 js8t figs-metonymy 0 between Judah and Israel Here “Judah” represents the people of the southern kingdom and “Israel” represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “between the people of Judah and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 15 q7l8 translate-symaction 0 General Information: This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](../11/04.md). This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
416 ZEC 11 16 t1g5 figs-idiom 0 I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land Here “set in place” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land” or “I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
417 ZEC 11 16 qq2g 0 the fattened sheep Alternate translation: “the fattest sheep” or “the best sheep”
418 ZEC 11 16 wwi6 0 will tear off their hooves This was probably done as an act of cruelty.
436 ZEC 12 5 g3n8 figs-metonymy 0 say in their hearts Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “think to themselves” or “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
437 ZEC 12 5 w95z figs-abstractnouns 0 are our strength The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “strong” or “encourage.” Alternate translation: “make us strong” or “encourage us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
438 ZEC 12 5 u38m 0 Yahweh of hosts, their God Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship”
ZEC 12 6 t6hr 0 General Information: This verse continues telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
439 ZEC 12 6 zv3y figs-simile 0 like firepots among wood … standing grain This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. Alternate translation: “like firepots among stacked firewood … unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
440 ZEC 12 6 cjb8 0 firepots clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals
441 ZEC 12 6 vm57 0 flaming torch a wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or carries fire somewhere

5
en_tn_39-MAL.tsv
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@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ MAL 2 12 bxx3 figs-metaphor 0 May Yahweh cut off from the tents of Jacob the ma
MAL 2 12 tkp6 figs-metaphor 0 the tents of Jacob Here “tents of Jacob” stands for the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 12 f33m figs-metonymy 0 Jacob Here “Jacob” stands for all the Israelites, because Jacob was one of the patriarchs from whom the Israelites were descended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 12 vdy5 figs-idiom 0 the one who is awake and the one who answers This expression seems to mean “absolutely everyone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 2 13 dt29 0 General Information: Malachi continues to speak to his fellow Israelites.
MAL 2 13 sw3f figs-hyperbole 0 You cover the altar of Yahweh with tears This sarcastically exaggerates the amount of tears the people cry to show that Yahweh knows that the people do not really feel sad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MAL 2 13 rx8e figs-doublet 0 with weeping and sighing The words “weeping” and “sighing” share similar meanings and intensify the idea of weeping. Alternate translation: “with great weeping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
MAL 2 13 gt5u figs-metonymy 0 does not turn toward the offering Here turning toward a gift stands for receiving it and showing favor to the giver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -135,24 +134,20 @@ MAL 3 3 tcd4 figs-metaphor 0 the sons of Levi Here “sons” refers to descend
MAL 3 3 pfr2 figs-simile 0 He will sit Here sitting implies the action of a metalworker, who sits down in order to purify small amounts of gold or silver. It also implies the action of a king, who sits down to judge people and give decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAL 3 3 q9li figs-simile 0 He will refine them like gold and silver Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making gold and silver more pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MAL 3 3 n3xs 0 they will bring offerings of righteousness to Yahweh Here “of righteousness” means “motivated by righteous desires to worship God.” Alternate translation: “they will bring acceptable offerings to Yahweh in order to worship Yahweh”
MAL 3 4 pj3s 0 General Information: Malachi continues speaking in verse 4, but Yahweh begins speaking again in verse 5.
MAL 3 4 ws2l figs-metonymy 0 the offering of Judah and Jerusalem Here “Judah” and “Jerusalem” stand for the people in those places. Alternate translation: “the offerings brought by the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 3 4 y8h1 figs-parallelism 0 as in the days of old, and as in ancient years These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the offering was once pleasing to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “as it was in the distant past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
MAL 3 5 te3u figs-abstractnouns 0 Then I will approach you for judgment Here “judgment” refers to the act of judging. Alternate translation: “Then I will approach you in order to judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 3 5 dx2i 0 oppress the hired worker in his wages Alternate translation: “cause the hired worker to suffer by not paying him for his work”
MAL 3 5 k42e figs-explicit 0 turn away the foreigner That is, turning away the foreigner from gaining his rights. Depriving people of their rights is spoken of as if it were physically turning them away from oneself. Perhaps the idea is turning away someone who comes for a wrong to be set right. Alternate translation: “deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 6 tl2p 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
MAL 3 6 mep4 0 have not come to an end Alternate translation: “have not perished”
MAL 3 7 ji32 figs-metaphor 0 From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my statutes and have not kept them Disobeying God’s statutes is spoken of as if it were turning away from them. Alternate translation: “You have disobeyed my statutes ever since the days of your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 7 deh7 figs-metaphor 0 Return to me, and I will return to you Here loving each other and being faithful to each other is spoken of as if it were returning to each other. Alternate translation: “Love me and honor me, and I will always help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 7 l1ir figs-rquestion 0 How will we return? The people ask this question in order to claim that they have never stopped obeying God. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you.” or “We have never gone away from you, so it makes no sense to speak of us as returning to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 3 8 w6x1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
MAL 3 8 dn4i figs-rquestion 0 Would a person rob God? This question implies that the idea of robbing God is very wicked. This can be expressed as a statement. God speaks of himself in the third person Alternate translation: “A man should certainly not rob God.” or “No one should ever rob me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MAL 3 8 ijc5 figs-rquestion 0 How have we robbed you? This question implies that the people do not think they have robbed God. Alternate translation: “We have certainly not robbed you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 3 8 cy6m figs-explicit 0 In tithes and offerings This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. Alternate translation: “You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAL 3 9 grs1 figs-activepassive 0 You are cursed with a curse This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have certainly cursed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 3 9 mr47 0 you are robbing me, the whole nation Here “nation” stands for the people to whom Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “all of you in the whole nation are robbing me”
MAL 3 10 v6qw 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
MAL 3 10 n4ch 0 the full tithe Alternate translation: “all the tithes”
MAL 3 10 dmr8 figs-metaphor 0 my house Here “house” stands for the temple. Alternate translation: “my temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 10 wcp4 figs-metaphor 0 and test me now in this … if I do not open to you the windows of heaven Here the command “test me” stands for something that the people can do and should do: “if you test me.” This can be divided into two sentences also. Alternate translation: “And if you test me … I will open up the windows of heaven” or “And you should test me … If you do, I will open up the windows of heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
96 MAL 2 12 tkp6 figs-metaphor 0 the tents of Jacob Here “tents of Jacob” stands for the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
97 MAL 2 12 f33m figs-metonymy 0 Jacob Here “Jacob” stands for all the Israelites, because Jacob was one of the patriarchs from whom the Israelites were descended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
98 MAL 2 12 vdy5 figs-idiom 0 the one who is awake and the one who answers This expression seems to mean “absolutely everyone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 2 13 dt29 0 General Information: Malachi continues to speak to his fellow Israelites.
99 MAL 2 13 sw3f figs-hyperbole 0 You cover the altar of Yahweh with tears This sarcastically exaggerates the amount of tears the people cry to show that Yahweh knows that the people do not really feel sad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
100 MAL 2 13 rx8e figs-doublet 0 with weeping and sighing The words “weeping” and “sighing” share similar meanings and intensify the idea of weeping. Alternate translation: “with great weeping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
101 MAL 2 13 gt5u figs-metonymy 0 does not turn toward the offering Here turning toward a gift stands for receiving it and showing favor to the giver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
134 MAL 3 3 pfr2 figs-simile 0 He will sit Here sitting implies the action of a metalworker, who sits down in order to purify small amounts of gold or silver. It also implies the action of a king, who sits down to judge people and give decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
135 MAL 3 3 q9li figs-simile 0 He will refine them like gold and silver Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making gold and silver more pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
136 MAL 3 3 n3xs 0 they will bring offerings of righteousness to Yahweh Here “of righteousness” means “motivated by righteous desires to worship God.” Alternate translation: “they will bring acceptable offerings to Yahweh in order to worship Yahweh”
MAL 3 4 pj3s 0 General Information: Malachi continues speaking in verse 4, but Yahweh begins speaking again in verse 5.
137 MAL 3 4 ws2l figs-metonymy 0 the offering of Judah and Jerusalem Here “Judah” and “Jerusalem” stand for the people in those places. Alternate translation: “the offerings brought by the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
138 MAL 3 4 y8h1 figs-parallelism 0 as in the days of old, and as in ancient years These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the offering was once pleasing to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “as it was in the distant past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
139 MAL 3 5 te3u figs-abstractnouns 0 Then I will approach you for judgment Here “judgment” refers to the act of judging. Alternate translation: “Then I will approach you in order to judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
140 MAL 3 5 dx2i 0 oppress the hired worker in his wages Alternate translation: “cause the hired worker to suffer by not paying him for his work”
141 MAL 3 5 k42e figs-explicit 0 turn away the foreigner That is, turning away the foreigner from gaining his rights. Depriving people of their rights is spoken of as if it were physically turning them away from oneself. Perhaps the idea is turning away someone who comes for a wrong to be set right. Alternate translation: “deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 6 tl2p 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
142 MAL 3 6 mep4 0 have not come to an end Alternate translation: “have not perished”
143 MAL 3 7 ji32 figs-metaphor 0 From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my statutes and have not kept them Disobeying God’s statutes is spoken of as if it were turning away from them. Alternate translation: “You have disobeyed my statutes ever since the days of your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
144 MAL 3 7 deh7 figs-metaphor 0 Return to me, and I will return to you Here loving each other and being faithful to each other is spoken of as if it were returning to each other. Alternate translation: “Love me and honor me, and I will always help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
145 MAL 3 7 l1ir figs-rquestion 0 How will we return? The people ask this question in order to claim that they have never stopped obeying God. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you.” or “We have never gone away from you, so it makes no sense to speak of us as returning to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 3 8 w6x1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
146 MAL 3 8 dn4i figs-rquestion 0 Would a person rob God? This question implies that the idea of robbing God is very wicked. This can be expressed as a statement. God speaks of himself in the third person Alternate translation: “A man should certainly not rob God.” or “No one should ever rob me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
147 MAL 3 8 ijc5 figs-rquestion 0 How have we robbed you? This question implies that the people do not think they have robbed God. Alternate translation: “We have certainly not robbed you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
148 MAL 3 8 cy6m figs-explicit 0 In tithes and offerings This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. Alternate translation: “You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
149 MAL 3 9 grs1 figs-activepassive 0 You are cursed with a curse This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have certainly cursed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
150 MAL 3 9 mr47 0 you are robbing me, the whole nation Here “nation” stands for the people to whom Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “all of you in the whole nation are robbing me”
MAL 3 10 v6qw 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
151 MAL 3 10 n4ch 0 the full tithe Alternate translation: “all the tithes”
152 MAL 3 10 dmr8 figs-metaphor 0 my house Here “house” stands for the temple. Alternate translation: “my temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
153 MAL 3 10 wcp4 figs-metaphor 0 and test me now in this … if I do not open to you the windows of heaven Here the command “test me” stands for something that the people can do and should do: “if you test me.” This can be divided into two sentences also. Alternate translation: “And if you test me … I will open up the windows of heaven” or “And you should test me … If you do, I will open up the windows of heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])