From a5edbeeefc17c4c7157a31ef68ec6b8e6416eee3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Grant_Ailie Date: Fri, 23 Jul 2021 16:55:09 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] updating TN wording (#1944) Standardized TN wording to "This could mean:" in OT books Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1944 Co-authored-by: Grant_Ailie Co-committed-by: Grant_Ailie --- en_tn_03-LEV.tsv | 2 +- en_tn_09-1SA.tsv | 10 +++--- en_tn_10-2SA.tsv | 6 ++-- en_tn_11-1KI.tsv | 24 +++++++------- en_tn_13-1CH.tsv | 6 ++-- en_tn_14-2CH.tsv | 18 +++++------ en_tn_15-EZR.tsv | 2 +- en_tn_16-NEH.tsv | 6 ++-- en_tn_17-EST.tsv | 6 ++-- en_tn_18-JOB.tsv | 46 +++++++++++++------------- en_tn_19-PSA.tsv | 84 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------ en_tn_20-PRO.tsv | 24 +++++++------- en_tn_21-ECC.tsv | 4 +-- en_tn_22-SNG.tsv | 24 +++++++------- en_tn_23-ISA.tsv | 32 +++++++++--------- en_tn_24-JER.tsv | 30 ++++++++--------- en_tn_25-LAM.tsv | 12 +++---- en_tn_26-EZK.tsv | 22 ++++++------- en_tn_27-DAN.tsv | 4 +-- en_tn_29-JOL.tsv | 4 +-- en_tn_31-OBA.tsv | 10 +++--- en_tn_32-JON.tsv | 2 +- en_tn_33-MIC.tsv | 8 ++--- en_tn_34-NAM.tsv | 4 +-- en_tn_35-HAB.tsv | 6 ++-- en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv | 4 +-- en_tn_39-MAL.tsv | 4 +-- 27 files changed, 202 insertions(+), 202 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv b/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv index db3da295d9..2ce99d96c3 100644 --- a/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv +++ b/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv @@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ LEV 23 39 i44i 0 Festival of Shelters This is a celebration during which the p LEV 23 39 s52d translate-hebrewmonths 0 fifteenth day of the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LEV 23 39 mz9z figs-synecdoche 0 when you have gathered in the fruits The word “fruits” here represents various kinds of crops. Alternate translation: “after you have gathered the crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LEV 23 40 br1c 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters. -LEV 23 40 ven2 figs-explicit 0 branches of palm trees … willows from streams Possible uses for these branches are (1) to make temporary shelters or (2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +LEV 23 40 ven2 figs-explicit 0 branches of palm trees … willows from streams Possible uses for these branches are: (1) to make temporary shelters or (2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 23 40 cnz9 translate-unknown 0 willows trees with long, narrow leaves, which grow near water (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LEV 23 42 w2iy 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his instructions for the Festival of Shelters. LEV 23 43 ig75 figs-idiom 0 your descendants, generation after generation, may learn “Generation after generation” here is an idiom that refers to each generation that lives after another. Alternate translation: “your descendants belonging to all future generations may learn” or “all your descendants may learn forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/en_tn_09-1SA.tsv b/en_tn_09-1SA.tsv index 96faefc3c9..1653f14922 100644 --- a/en_tn_09-1SA.tsv +++ b/en_tn_09-1SA.tsv @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 1 9 qdl6 0 the temple of Yahweh The “temple” was actually a tent, but it was where the people worshiped, so it is best to translate as “temple” here. 1SA 1 10 b85f figs-explicit 0 She was deeply distressed Hannah was deeply troubled or grieved because of not having any children and being ridiculed regularly by Peninnah, her husband’s other wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1SA 1 11 peh3 0 Connecting Statement: Hannah’s prayer to Yahweh continues. -1SA 1 11 ri9r figs-abstractnouns 0 the affliction of your servant The abstract noun “affliction” can be translated as a verbal phrase. This refers either to (1) Hannah being unable to become pregnant. Alternate translation: “how I am suffering because I cannot become pregnant” or (2) the way Peninnah always insulted her. Alternate translation: “how that woman is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +1SA 1 11 ri9r figs-abstractnouns 0 the affliction of your servant The abstract noun **affliction** can be translated as a verbal phrase. This refers either to: (1) Hannah being unable to become pregnant. Alternate translation: “how I am suffering because I cannot become pregnant” or (2) the way Peninnah always insulted her. Alternate translation: “how that woman is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1SA 1 11 l71a 0 call me to mind This is a special plea to God to take action on Hannah’s behalf. God does know what is happening to Hannah; he has not forgotten. 1SA 1 11 ee3h figs-parallelism 0 do not forget your servant This phrase says almost the same thing as “call me to mind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 1SA 1 12 js4q translate-names 0 Eli watched her Eli was the chief priest, so he was in the tabernacle of God and in charge of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 13 2 esc4 0 The rest of the soldiers he sent home “He sent the rest of the soldiers home” 1SA 13 3 j52z 0 garrison of the Philistines “military base of the Philistines” or “military camp of the Philistines” 1SA 13 3 ia2v translate-names 0 Geba This is the name of the town that the Philistine garrison was stationed in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -1SA 13 4 m9rj 0 All Israel heard that Saul had defeated Possible meanings are that (1) Saul was taking responsibility for Jonathan’s actions or (2) Saul was taking credit for Jonathan’s actions. +1SA 13 4 m9rj 0 All Israel heard that Saul had defeated This could mean: (1) Saul was taking responsibility for Jonathan’s actions or (2) Saul was taking credit for Jonathan’s actions. 1SA 13 4 mef1 figs-metaphor 0 Israel had become a rotten smell to the Philistines The Philistines hating the Israelites is spoken of as if the Israelites had become a bad smell that offended the Philistines. Alternate translation: “the Philistines hated the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1SA 13 4 en9q figs-activepassive 0 the soldiers were summoned together to join Saul at Gilgal This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Saul called the soldiers together to join him at Gilgal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 13 5 ez1f translate-numbers 0 three thousand … six thousand “3,000…6,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) @@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 20 13 yn8n figs-idiom 0 may Yahweh do to Jonathan and more also This is an idiom. Jonathan uses this oath for emphasis and speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh do to me whatever harm my father intends to do to you, and even more than that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) 1SA 20 14 q3ac 0 General Information: Jonathan asks David not to completely kill all his offspring so that a remnant will remain. 1SA 20 14 az7y figs-rquestion 0 will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die? Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -1SA 20 14 q324 figs-abstractnouns 0 show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Possible meanings for “of Yahweh” are (1) “be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful” or (2) “be faithful to me as Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +1SA 20 14 q324 figs-abstractnouns 0 show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh The abstract noun **faithfulness** can be stated as **faithful**. Here, **of Yahweh** could mean: (1) “be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful” or (2) “be faithful to me as Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1SA 20 16 n5b7 figs-metonymy 0 house of David The word “house” is a metonym for the people who live in the house. Alternate translation: “David’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 20 16 wvm6 figs-synecdoche 0 May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David The hand is a synecdoche for the person. This could mean: (1) “May Yahweh use David’s enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise” or (2) “May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1SA 20 17 l3uj figs-synecdoche 0 he loved him as he loved his own soul Here “his own soul” refers to himself. Alternate translation: “Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 21 5 hx9a figs-activepassive 0 How much more today will what they have be set apart This is a statement, not a question. It can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “It is especially true today that they will set apart what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 21 6 u4vn figs-activepassive 0 the bread that was set apart This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the bread that the priests had set apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 21 6 vbr7 figs-activepassive 0 which was removed from before Yahweh, in order to put This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “which the priests had removed from before Yahweh so that they could put” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -1SA 21 7 tmz8 figs-activepassive 0 detained before Yahweh Possible meanings are that (1) Doeg had some religious work regarding Yahweh to do there. Alternate translation: “for some work before Yahweh” or (2) Yahweh detained Doeg there. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh had detained him there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1SA 21 7 tmz8 figs-activepassive 0 detained before Yahweh This could mean: (1) Doeg had some religious work regarding Yahweh to do there. Alternate translation: “for some work before Yahweh” or (2) Yahweh detained Doeg there. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh had detained him there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 21 7 z642 figs-explicit 0 Doeg … herdsmen You may need to say clearly that Doeg saw what David did. Alternate translation: “Doeg … herdsmen, and he saw what Ahimelech did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1SA 21 7 zg8g translate-names 0 Doeg the Edomite This is the name of a man from the land of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1SA 21 7 ye4p 0 herdsmen the keepers and protectors of a herd, especially of cattle or sheep @@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 25 intro abcp 0 # 1 Samuel 25 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Revenge
When David decides to kill all of the men in Nabal’s household, Abigail convinces David not to avenge himself but to leave revenge to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) 1SA 25 1 nvn1 figs-hyperbole 0 All Israel gathered together and mourned for him This is likely a generalization. A large number of the people of Israel were probably there, but some were probably unable to attend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 1SA 25 1 xdb3 0 gathered together “met together” -1SA 25 1 n1il 0 buried him in his house at Ramah Possible meanings are that they buried Samuel (1) in his home town of Ramah or (2) on his family’s land in Ramah but not physically in the house or (3) in his house in Ramah. +1SA 25 1 n1il 0 buried him in his house at Ramah This could mean that they buried Samuel: (1) in his home town of Ramah or (2) on his family’s land in Ramah but not physically in the house or (3) in his house in Ramah. 1SA 25 1 l3mw 0 David rose and went down “David and his men moved on and they went down” 1SA 25 2 na8t 0 There was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel. The man was very wealthy. Some translators may need to put the ideas in these verses in a different order. Alternate translation: “There was a very wealthy man in Maon whose possessions were in Carmel.” 1SA 25 2 alm4 translate-names 0 Maon This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/en_tn_10-2SA.tsv b/en_tn_10-2SA.tsv index 1cbe69b8e1..5029890cb3 100644 --- a/en_tn_10-2SA.tsv +++ b/en_tn_10-2SA.tsv @@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2SA 11 5 e4v5 figs-idiom 0 she sent and told David; she said, “I am pregnant.” Here the word “sent” means that she sent a messenger to tell David that she was pregnant. Alternate translation: “she sent a messenger to David, and the messenger told David that she was pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2SA 11 6 bds8 figs-idiom 0 Then David sent Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “Then David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2SA 11 7 vjr7 figs-idiom 0 how Joab was, how the army was doing, and how the war was going David was asking if Joab and the army were well and about the progress of the war. Alternate translation: “if Joab was well, if other soldiers were well, and how the war was progressing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -2SA 11 8 qzu2 figs-idiom 0 Go down to your house Possible meanings for the phrase “go down” are (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “Go to your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +2SA 11 8 qzu2 figs-idiom 0 Go down to your house The phrase **go down** could mean: (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “Go to your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2SA 11 8 f1gh figs-metonymy 0 wash your feet This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. Alternate translation: “rest for the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2SA 11 8 s4b9 figs-metonymy 0 the king sent a gift for Uriah David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2SA 11 9 fp1u 0 his master The word “his” refers to Uriah and the word “master” refers to David. @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2SA 11 11 k6b2 figs-euphemism 0 to lie with my wife This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 2SA 11 11 ww5l figs-simile 0 As sure as you are alive, I will not do this Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that I will not do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 2SA 11 13 a9yz 0 he ate and drank before him “Uriah ate and drank with David” -2SA 11 13 xex1 figs-idiom 0 down to his house Possible meanings of the word “down” are (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. See how you translated the similar phrase “down to your house” in [2 Samuel 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “to his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +2SA 11 13 xex1 figs-idiom 0 down to his house Possible meanings of the word **down** are: (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. See how you translated the similar phrase “down to your house” in [2 Samuel 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “to his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2SA 11 14 c9uz figs-synecdoche 0 sent it by the hand of Uriah The phrase “the hand of Uriah” refers to Uriah himself. Alternate translation: “sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 2SA 11 15 r9ph 0 very front of the most intense battle “very front of the battle line where the fighting is the worst” 2SA 11 15 z3us 0 withdraw from him “command the soldiers to back away from him” @@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2SA 19 22 dn85 figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you … that you should today be adversaries to me? David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2SA 19 22 s4fe figs-rquestion 0 Will any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2SA 19 22 f3ky figs-idiom 0 Will any man be put to death This phrase “put to death” means to be killed or executed. Alternate translation: “Will any man be killed” or “Will I order any man to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -2SA 19 22 t2u7 figs-rquestion 0 For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +2SA 19 22 t2u7 figs-rquestion 0 For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are: (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2SA 19 24 kg79 translate-names 0 Mephibosheth See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2SA 19 24 sc2i 0 He had not dressed his feet “He had not cared for his feet.” Mephibosheth’s feet were crippled. This phrase means that he had not taken proper care of his feet. 2SA 19 25 zrh9 figs-explicit 0 Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth? David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/en_tn_11-1KI.tsv b/en_tn_11-1KI.tsv index 0e37a29ec9..d311a7b4ae 100644 --- a/en_tn_11-1KI.tsv +++ b/en_tn_11-1KI.tsv @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 1 36 q1hs 0 So let it be! They agree and will do what King David said. 1KI 1 36 u4b9 figs-pronouns 0 May Yahweh, the God of my master the king, confirm Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. Alternate translation: “My master and king, may Yahweh your God confirm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) 1KI 1 37 v83u figs-pronouns 0 has been with my master the king, so Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. Alternate translation: “has been with you, my master the king, so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -1KI 1 37 l4nd figs-metonymy 0 make his throne greater than the throne of my master King David The word “throne” is a metonym for either (1) the person who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “make the one who sits on the throne greater than my master King David” or (2) the kingdom over which the one who sits on the throne rules. Alternate translation: “make his kingdom greater than the kingdom of my master King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1KI 1 37 l4nd figs-metonymy 0 make his throne greater than the throne of my master King David The word **throne** is a metonym for either: (1) the person who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “make the one who sits on the throne greater than my master King David” or (2) the kingdom over which the one who sits on the throne rules. Alternate translation: “make his kingdom greater than the kingdom of my master King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 1 37 fzr9 figs-pronouns 0 the throne of my master King David Benaiah speaks to King David as if he were speaking to someone else to show that he respects King David. Alternate translation: “your throne, my master King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) 1KI 1 38 ec4p 0 General Information: The people of Israel anoint Solomon as king over Israel. 1KI 1 38 nk4t translate-names 0 Kerethites … Pelethites These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -561,11 +561,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 7 48 e2d6 figs-activepassive 0 on which the bread of the presence was to be placed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1KI 7 49 kb8t 0 the flowers, the lamps The “flowers” and “lamps” were part of the lampstands. 1KI 7 50 tev9 figs-activepassive 0 had made the cups … all of which were made of pure gold This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “had his workers make all the cups … out of pure gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -1KI 7 50 y2nn 0 sockets of gold made for the doors Here “sockets” may refer to either (1) the sockets in which the door pegs turned, or (2) the hinges on which the doors hung. +1KI 7 50 y2nn 0 sockets of gold made for the doors Here, **sockets** may refer to either: (1) the sockets in which the door pegs turned, or (2) the hinges on which the doors hung. 1KI 7 51 x9f6 figs-activepassive 0 the work that King Solomon directed for the house of Yahweh was finished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the workers finished the work that King Solomon had them do for the house of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1KI 8 intro h96s 0 # 1 Kings 08 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

The ark is placed in the new temple. This is a very significant event in the history of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Celebration of the temple’s completion
When the temple was finished, Solomon told all of the people to come to Jerusalem. They took the ark out of the tent and brought it to the temple. Then Solomon prayed that God would hear and answer prayers made to him when they faced towards the temple.

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Idiom
Solomon prayed that God would respond to people’s prayers using an idiom: “that your eyes may be open to the request of your servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1KI 8 1 kla2 0 assembled the elders of Israel “called together the leaders of Israel” -1KI 8 2 vy83 figs-hyperbole 0 All the men of Israel This may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 8:1 or (2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +1KI 8 2 vy83 figs-hyperbole 0 All the men of Israel This may refer either: (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 8:1 or (2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 1KI 8 2 uam7 0 at the feast This is a reference to the Feast of Succoth, also known as the Feast of Tabernacles or Feast of Shelters . 1KI 8 2 j1l1 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the month of Ethanim, which is the seventh month “Ethanim” is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1KI 8 5 wl1z figs-hyperbole 0 all the assembly of Israel This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 8 24 zl94 figs-metonymy 0 fulfilled it with your hand The hand is a metonym for the power of the hand. Alternate translation: “by your power fulfilled what you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 8 25 u5vi figs-metonymy 0 to sit on the throne of Israel The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “to rule over Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 8 25 k2lb figs-metaphor 0 walk before me … have walked before me The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “live as I want you to … have lived as I want you to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1KI 8 27 ke8z figs-rquestion 0 But will God actually live on the earth? Possible meanings of this question are (1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or (2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +1KI 8 27 ke8z figs-rquestion 0 But will God actually live on the earth? Possible meanings of this question are: (1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or (2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1KI 8 27 lex3 figs-123person 0 But will God Here Solomon speaks about God in the third person. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “But will you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 1KI 8 27 dxu6 0 Look “What I am about to say is important” or “The truth is that” 1KI 8 27 b6jr 0 you—how much less can this temple that I have built “you, so this temple that I have built certainly cannot contain you” @@ -650,12 +650,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 8 59 n37s figs-merism 0 day and night This merism refers to “all the time” or “continually.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) 1KI 8 61 xz16 0 let your heart be true “be wholly devoted” 1KI 8 61 ke8l figs-metaphor 0 walk in his statutes The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “always obey his statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1KI 8 62 bs3g figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel with him This generalization may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -1KI 8 63 id7l figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of Israel This generalization may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +1KI 8 62 bs3g figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel with him This generalization may refer either: (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +1KI 8 63 id7l figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of Israel This generalization may refer either: (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 1KI 8 63 v5e3 translate-numbers 0 twenty-two thousand oxen “22,000 oxen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1KI 8 63 ttb5 translate-numbers 0 120,000 sheep “one hundred twenty thousand sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1KI 8 64 yz15 0 the bronze altar that was before Yahweh “the bronze altar that was in Yahweh’s presence.” Since the temple is Yahweh’s dwelling place among his people, the altar is described as being in his presence. -1KI 8 65 k9ax figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel with him This generalization may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:62](./62.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +1KI 8 65 k9ax figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel with him This generalization may refer either: (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [1 Kings 8:1](../08/01.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:62](./62.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 1KI 8 65 reb2 translate-numbers 0 seven days … seven days … fourteen days “7 days…7 days…14 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1KI 8 66 cs8n translate-ordinal 0 eighth day The word “eighth” is the ordinal form of “8.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 1KI 8 66 nja5 figs-doublet 0 joyful and glad The two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 12 9 w13a figs-metaphor 0 Lighten the yoke that your father put on us To “lighten the yoke” is a metaphor to represent lifting of the burden. Alternate translation: “Do not treat us as cruelly as your father did” or “Do not force us to work as hard as your father did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1KI 12 10 f3lx figs-metaphor 0 My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist This metaphor means that Rehoboam is more cruel and intimidating than his father. Alternate translation: “What I will do to make your burden heavier is much more than what my father put on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1KI 12 11 p1d4 figs-metaphor 0 My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions This metaphor means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. Alternate translation: “My father used whips to force you to work but I will use even crueler punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1KI 12 11 y1yh 0 punish you with scorpions The word “scorpions” may refer to (1) a whip with sharp metal barbs on the end or (2) a spider-like creature that has a poisonous sting. +1KI 12 11 y1yh 0 punish you with scorpions The word **scorpions** may refer to: (1) a whip with sharp metal barbs on the end or (2) a spider-like creature that has a poisonous sting. 1KI 12 14 akf3 figs-metaphor 0 burdened you with a heavy yoke A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and requirements. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 12:4](../12/04.md). Alternate translation: “treated you cruelly” or “forced you to work very hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1KI 12 14 m7vy figs-metaphor 0 My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions This metaphor means that the punishment Rehoboam plans to give will be worse than what his father gave. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 12:11](../12/11.md). Alternate translation: “My father used whips to force you to work but I will use even crueler punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1KI 12 15 tz7u figs-idiom 0 it was a turn of events brought about by Yahweh This is an idiom and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused things to happen like this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 15 33 qka7 0 Tirzah This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md). 1KI 15 34 j9xv figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1KI 15 34 i9dh figs-metaphor 0 walked in the way of Jeroboam Walking here represents behaving. Alternate translation: “did the same things that Jeroboam had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1KI 15 34 w9fq 0 in his sin by which he led Israel to sin Possible meanings are that “his” and “he” refer to (1) Baasha or (2) Jeroboam. +1KI 15 34 w9fq 0 in his sin by which he led Israel to sin Possible meanings are that **his** and **he** refer to: (1) Baasha or (2) Jeroboam. 1KI 15 34 yq78 figs-metaphor 0 by which he led Israel to sin Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. Alternate translation: “and by sinning, he influenced Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1KI 16 intro abcg 0 # 1 Kings 16 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Incorrect worship
The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha’s son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri’s son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) 1KI 16 1 kf7z figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This idiom means God spoke. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1122,8 +1122,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 16 24 mkr5 figs-idiom 0 after the name of Shemer This is an idiom that means “to honor Shemer” or “so that people would remember Shemer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1KI 16 25 q5vd figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1KI 16 26 qj4k figs-metaphor 0 walked in all the ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat Walking represents behaving. Alternate translation: “did all the same things that Jeroboam son of Nebat did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1KI 16 26 ysn6 0 in his sins by which he led Israel to sin Possible meanings are that “his” and “he” refer to (1) Baasha or (2) Jeroboam. -1KI 16 26 kr8r figs-metaphor 0 in his sins Possible meanings are walking in his sins represents (1) sinning as Jeroboam sinned. Alternate translation: “he sinned as Jeroboam sinned” or (2) or sinning habitually. Alternate translation: “he sinned habitually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +1KI 16 26 ysn6 0 in his sins by which he led Israel to sin Possible meanings are that **his** and **he** refer to: (1) Baasha or (2) Jeroboam. +1KI 16 26 kr8r figs-metaphor 0 in his sins Possible meanings are walking in his sins represents: (1) sinning as Jeroboam sinned. Alternate translation: “he sinned as Jeroboam sinned” or (2) or sinning habitually. Alternate translation: “he sinned habitually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1KI 16 26 fza3 0 by which he led Israel to sin Leading people to sin represents influencing them to sin. Alternate translation: “his sins, by which he influenced Israel to sin” or “and by sinning like this, he influenced people to sin. 1KI 16 26 yj3n figs-explicit 0 to provoke Yahweh … to be angry with their worthless idols God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 16:13](../16/13.md). Alternate translation: “to make Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1KI 16 26 w3zc figs-distinguish 0 their worthless idols The word “worthless” here reminds people that idols are worthless because they cannot do anything. Alternate translation: “their idols, which are worthless” or “their idols, which are useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) @@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 17 13 ccq3 figs-explicit 0 afterward make some for you and for your son It is implicit that there would be enough flour and oil to make more bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1KI 17 14 pej5 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh sends rain This is an idiom that means Yahweh causes it to rain. Alternate translation: “Yahweh causes rain to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1KI 17 15 vbj6 0 She and Elijah, along with her household, ate for many days In the original language it says, “And she and he and her household ate for many days.” It is unclear who “he” is. This could mean: (1) Elijah, the widow, and her son ate for many days or (2) the widow, her son, and everyone living in her house ate for many days or (3) Elijah, the widow, and everyone living in her house ate for many days. -1KI 17 15 ziz7 0 along with her household Possible meanings for “household” are (1) this refers only to the widow’s son or (2) this refers to other people who live in her house but are not named in the story or (3) this refers to her son and others living in her house. +1KI 17 15 ziz7 0 along with her household Possible meanings for **household** are: (1) this refers only to the widow’s son or (2) this refers to other people who live in her house but are not named in the story or (3) this refers to her son and others living in her house. 1KI 17 16 x364 figs-metonymy 0 just as the word of Yahweh had said Here “word” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “just as Yahweh had said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 17 17 bp54 0 the woman’s son, the woman who owned the house “the son of the woman who owned the house” 1KI 17 17 g2ey figs-euphemism 0 there was no more breath left in him This is a polite way of saying the boy died. Alternate translation: “he stopped breathing” or “he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv b/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv index 69e873a307..edae40bf16 100644 --- a/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv +++ b/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 4 8 tq7a 0 and of the clans descended from Aharhel son of Harum A new sentence can start here. “Koz also became the ancestor of Harum and the clans that descended from Harum’s son Aharhel” 1CH 4 9 gw86 translate-names 0 Jabez This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1CH 4 10 v4ht 0 expand my territory “give me more land” -1CH 4 10 yd5d figs-metonymy 0 your hand will be with me Possible meanings are that God’s hand is (1) a metonym for his guidance, his power, or his protection. Alternate translation: “you will guide me” or “you will make me prosper” or “you will protect me” or (2) a synecdoche for himself. Alternate translation: “you will be with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +1CH 4 10 yd5d figs-metonymy 0 your hand will be with me Possible meanings are that God’s **hand:** is: (1) a metonym for his guidance, his power, or his protection. Alternate translation: “you will guide me” or “you will make me prosper” or “you will protect me” or (2) a synecdoche for himself. Alternate translation: “you will be with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1CH 4 10 pn9h figs-metonymy 0 granted him his prayer The words “his prayer” are a metonym for what Jabez asked in the prayer. Alternate translation: “did what Jabez had asked him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1CH 4 11 ujx1 translate-names 0 Kelub … Shuhah … Mehir … Eshton These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1CH 4 12 y95p translate-names 0 Eshton … Beth Rapha … Paseah … Tehinnah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 20 8 bhd7 0 These were descendants of the Rephaim of Gath Here “these” refer to Sippai in [1 Chronicles 20:4](../20/04.md), Lahmi in [1 Chronicles 20:5](../20/05.md), and the giant in verse 6. 1CH 20 8 kv74 figs-synecdoche 0 they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers David and his soldiers are referred to by the part of their bodies used to hold a sword. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed the descendants of the Rephaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CH 21 intro abcl 0 # 1 Chronicles 21 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Trust
To trust in one’s own power instead of God’s protection is a sin. David had been trusting God to protect him, but now he counted the men of military age so he could know the strength of his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) -1CH 21 1 dfl4 0 An adversary arose against Israel Possible meanings of “adversary” are (1) this refers to Satan who decided to cause trouble for Israel or (2) this refers to an enemy army that began to threaten Israel. +1CH 21 1 dfl4 0 An adversary arose against Israel Possible meanings of **adversary** are: (1) this refers to Satan who decided to cause trouble for Israel or (2) this refers to an enemy army that began to threaten Israel. 1CH 21 1 t4tl 0 incited David to count Israel “caused David to do wrong, to count Israel.” If your language has a word for getting someone to become angry and do something he knows is wrong, you should use it here. 1CH 21 2 qcp8 0 count the people of Israel … that I may know their number It is apparent from [1 Chronicles 21:5](../21/05.md) that David wanted to count only the men who were able to fight. 1CH 21 2 yst5 figs-merism 0 from Beersheba to Dan The Israelites considered these two cities their most southern and most northern cities. David uses these cities to refer to all of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) @@ -1335,7 +1335,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 22 18 i43s figs-activepassive 0 The region is subdued before Yahweh and his people This can be stated in active form. “The other nations no longer attack Yahweh and his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CH 22 19 sn8d 0 Connecting Statement: David continues speaking to all the leaders of Israel. 1CH 22 19 h4y1 0 Now This word introduces something important that David is about to say. -1CH 22 19 s59s figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh your God Seeking Yahweh represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +1CH 22 19 s59s figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh your God Seeking **Yahweh** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1CH 22 19 ejf2 figs-you 0 your … you Here these pronouns are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 1CH 22 19 b3t4 figs-synecdoche 0 with all your heart and your soul Here “heart” and “soul” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “with your whole being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1CH 22 19 qhu2 figs-metonymy 0 Get up and build the holy place It is understood that Solomon will not do the work personally, but he will direct others to do it. Alternate translation: “Get up and direct the workers as they build the holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv b/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv index 435b7a9fbf..7a61a5ab49 100644 --- a/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv +++ b/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 5 1 j4yx 0 treasuries storerooms, rooms where things are kept or stored 2CH 5 2 b6dz 0 assembled the elders of Israel “called together the leaders of Israel” 2CH 5 2 kxu7 figs-metaphor 0 all the heads of the tribes Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part of something. Alternate translation: “all the leaders of the tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2CH 5 3 cnf6 figs-hyperbole 0 All the men of Israel This may refer either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 5:2 or (2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +2CH 5 3 cnf6 figs-hyperbole 0 All the men of Israel This may refer either: (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in 5:2 or (2) generally to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every male person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 2CH 5 3 dpg6 translate-hebrewmonths 0 at the feast, which was in the seventh month This is the Festival of Shelters which is on the fifteenth day of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. This is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2CH 5 5 w2lc 0 furnishings This refers to all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 4:19](../04/19.md) 2CH 5 6 c9b1 figs-hyperbole 0 all the assembly of Israel Here “all” is a generalization meaning very many Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 6 17 p4ke figs-activepassive 0 let your word be confirmed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “confirm your word” or “make your word come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2CH 6 17 vt96 0 your word “your promise” 2CH 6 18 vj82 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues praying. -2CH 6 18 rnm5 figs-rquestion 0 But will God actually live with mankind on the earth? Possible meanings of this question are (1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or (2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +2CH 6 18 rnm5 figs-rquestion 0 But will God actually live with mankind on the earth? Possible meanings of this question are: (1) Solomon is asking a real question and expecting an answer or (2) the question is rhetorical and Solomon is emphasizing that God is too big and mighty to live on earth. Alternate translation: “But it surely cannot be that God will actually live on the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2CH 6 18 svl5 figs-123person 0 But will God Here Solomon speaks about God in the third person to show his great respect for God. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “But will you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 2CH 6 18 h52u 0 Look Here “Look” indicates that he is about to say something important. 2CH 6 18 j36j 0 you—how much less can this temple that I have built “you, so this temple that I have built certainly cannot contain you” @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 7 1 ffl2 0 the house “Yahweh’s house” or “the temple” 2CH 7 3 xie8 translate-symaction 0 they bowed down with their faces to the ground on the stone pavement This is a position of humility and worship. Alternate translation: “they lay down on the ground with their faces touching the stone pavement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 2CH 7 3 ti2r figs-abstractnouns 0 his covenant loyalty endures forever The abstract noun “covenant loyalty” can be expressed with the adjective “loyal” and the verb “promise.” Alternate translation: “God will always be loyal to us because of his covenant” or “God will always faithfully do for us what he promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -2CH 7 4 b3k1 figs-hyperbole 0 all the people This generalization refers either (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [2 Chronicles 5:2](../05/02.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +2CH 7 4 b3k1 figs-hyperbole 0 all the people This generalization refers either: (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [2 Chronicles 5:2](../05/02.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 2CH 7 5 sd7i translate-numbers 0 twenty-two thousand oxen “22,000 oxen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 7 5 lkm9 translate-numbers 0 120,000 sheep and goats “one hundred and twenty thousand sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 7 6 f3sl 0 each standing where they serve “each standing in their appointed place” @@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 7 13 w4j7 figs-metonymy 0 devour the land The word “land” represents the plants and crops on the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 7 13 tes9 figs-metaphor 0 if I send disease among my people Here “send disease” represents causing diseases. Alternate translation: “if I cause my people to have diseases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 7 14 pn2i figs-idiom 0 who are called by my name Here being called by God’s name is an idiom meaning belonging to God. Alternate translation: “who belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -2CH 7 14 td32 figs-metaphor 0 seek my face Here God’s face represents his acceptance of them. Possible meanings are “seek my face” represents (1) urgently asking him for forgiveness. Alternate translation: “beg me to forgive them” or (2) strongly wanting to please him. Alternate translation: “choose to please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +2CH 7 14 td32 figs-metaphor 0 seek my face Here God’s face represents his acceptance of them. Possible meanings are **seek my face** represents: (1) urgently asking him for forgiveness. Alternate translation: “beg me to forgive them” or (2) strongly wanting to please him. Alternate translation: “choose to please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 7 14 gf7j figs-metaphor 0 turn from their wicked ways Here “turn from” is a metaphor meaning to stop doing something, and “ways” represent behavior. Alternate translation: “stop their wicked behavior” or “stop doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 7 14 l61k figs-personification 0 heal their land Here land that does not produce much is spoken of as though it were sick. Alternate translation: “make their land good again” or “make their land produce good crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 2CH 7 15 hg3e figs-metonymy 0 my eyes will be open The eyes being open is a metonym for seeing. Here it represents looking attentively. Alternate translation: “I will pay attention to you” or “I will watch you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 7 18 w8ci figs-metonymy 0 I will establish the throne of your kingdom Here the throne represents ruling. Establishing the throne of Solomon’s kingdom represents causing Solomon to have descendants who will rule over Israel. Alternate translation: “I will make descendants of yours rule over your kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 7 18 bvj8 0 A descendant of yours will never fail to be ruler in Israel This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “One of your descendants will always be ruler in Israel” or “Descendants of yours will always rule in Israel” 2CH 7 19 yuu1 figs-metaphor 0 But if you turn away Here “turn away” from God is a metaphor meaning to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: “But if you stop worshiping me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2CH 7 19 rw4f 0 you turn away Possible meanings are that the word “you” refers (1) to all the people of Israel, or (2) to Solomon and his descendants. +2CH 7 19 rw4f 0 you turn away Possible meanings are that the word **you** refers: (1) to all the people of Israel, or (2) to Solomon and his descendants. 2CH 7 19 s9wz figs-doublet 0 my statutes and my commandments Here the words “commandments” and “statutes” mean basically the same thing and emphasize all that Yahweh has commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 2CH 7 20 z12c figs-metaphor 0 I will uproot them from out of my ground that I have given them The word “them” refers to the people of Israel. God speaks of making his people leave his land as if they were plants that he would pull up by their roots out of the soil. Alternate translation: “I will make them leave the land I have given them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 7 20 l3hd 0 This house This refers to the temple. @@ -511,10 +511,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 10 10 g33p figs-metaphor 0 My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist This metaphor means that Rehoboam is more cruel and intimidating than his father. Alternate translation: “I rule much more harshly than my father ever did” or “I am much harsher than my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 10 11 rf83 figs-metaphor 0 A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. This metaphor is continued in this verses. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 10:4](../10/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 10 11 kml8 figs-metaphor 0 I will add to your yoke “I will make your yoke heavier.” A yoke is a metaphor for labor. Alternate translation: “I will force you to work harder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2CH 10 11 m9mf figs-metaphor 0 I will punish you with scorpions Possible meanings are that (1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or (2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +2CH 10 11 m9mf figs-metaphor 0 I will punish you with scorpions Possible meanings are that: (1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or (2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 10 12 i85z translate-ordinal 0 on the third day “after three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 2CH 10 14 amx4 figs-metaphor 0 made your yoke heavy, but I will add to it A heavy yoke is a metaphor for very difficult labor and cruel treatment. Alternate translation: “treated you cruelly, but I will be more cruel” or “forced you to work very hard, but I will make you work harder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2CH 10 14 c4q1 figs-metaphor 0 I will punish you with scorpions Possible meanings are that (1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or (2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 10:11](../10/11.md). Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +2CH 10 14 c4q1 figs-metaphor 0 I will punish you with scorpions Possible meanings are that: (1) “scorpions” is a metaphor for any kind of painful punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you much more harshly” or (2) “scorpions” is a metaphor for whips with sharp metal barbs at the end. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 10:11](../10/11.md). Alternate translation: “I will punish you with whips that have sharp pieces of metal at the ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 10 15 h2dv figs-metonymy 0 So the king did not listen to the people Here “listen to the people” represents not care about what they said or about actually doing what they asked. Alternate translation: “So the king did not do what the people had asked him to do” or “So the king ignored the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 10 15 a44u figs-idiom 0 it was a turn in events brought about by God This is an idiom and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God caused things to happen like this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2CH 10 15 w5m2 0 that Yahweh might carry out his word … Nebat “that Yahweh might do according to the message that he told Ahijah the Shilonite to tell Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “that Yahweh might do what he had said he would do when he told Ahijah the Shilonite to give a message to Jeroboam son of Nebat” @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 12 12 mqq3 figs-personification 0 Yahweh’s anger turned away from him, so as not to destroy him completely Yahweh no longer being angry with Rehoboam is spoken of as if Yahweh’s anger were a person who turned away from Rehoboam. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was no longer angry with him and so did not destroy him completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 2CH 12 12 xw5h 0 besides, there was “in addition, there was” 2CH 12 13 i7a2 translate-numbers 0 forty-one years old … seventeen years “41 years old…17 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -2CH 12 13 q8fn figs-metonymy 0 so that he might put his name there Possible meanings for the phrase “put his name” are (1) a metonym for “dwell.” Alternate translation: “so that he might dwell there” or (2) an idiom that refers to ownership. Alternate translation: “so that it might belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +2CH 12 13 q8fn figs-metonymy 0 so that he might put his name there Possible meanings for the phrase **put his name** are: (1) a metonym for “dwell.” Alternate translation: “so that he might dwell there” or (2) an idiom that refers to ownership. Alternate translation: “so that it might belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 12 13 iri3 translate-names 0 Naamah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2CH 12 14 pr1e figs-metonymy 0 he did not fix his heart to seek Yahweh Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts and desires. The idiom “fix his heart” means to determine to do something. Alternate translation: “he was not committed to seeking Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 12 14 uty9 figs-metaphor 0 to seek Yahweh Worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1523,7 +1523,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 32 2 yg5w figs-metonymy 0 to fight against Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” represents the people there. Alternate translation: “to fight against the people of Jerusalem” or “to fight against the army of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 32 3 hu1g 0 to stop up the waters of the springs that were outside the city The people of the city would fill up wells and fountain springs with earth and rocks, hiding the water from the Assyrians, but the people would cause the water to flow into the city through secret pathways. 2CH 32 4 s837 figs-rquestion 0 Why should the kings of Assyria come and find a lot of water? The people use a rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not want the kings of Assyria to find their water. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not want the kings of Assyria to come here and find a lot of water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -2CH 32 4 k77q figs-idiom 0 the kings of Assyria Possible meanings for “kings” are (1) this is an idiom that refers to the one king of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria” or (2) this may refer to the king and his other leaders. Alternate translation: “the king and the other leaders of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +2CH 32 4 k77q figs-idiom 0 the kings of Assyria Here, the word **kings** could mean: (1) this is an idiom that refers to the one king of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria” or (2) this may refer to the king and his other leaders. Alternate translation: “the king and the other leaders of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 32 5 axu1 figs-synecdoche 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up … He built … He also … he made The readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah took courage and commanded the people to build up … They built … They also … they made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 2CH 32 5 m33q grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up This could mean: (1) Hezekiah strengthened his position by commanding the people to repair the walls of the city. You can make this clear by using the connecting word “by.” Alternate translation: “Hezekiah strengthened the city by building up” or (2) he became encouraged. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah became encouraged and built up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 2CH 32 5 k73i 0 the Millo This is a part of the wall on the north side of Jerusalem. diff --git a/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv b/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv index 51dbcc7239..8e6dd8cd83 100644 --- a/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv +++ b/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv @@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ EZR 7 24 gonv תָרָֽעַיָּ⁠א֙ 1 musicians This is the same occupati EZR 7 24 nk0a translate-names נְתִ֣ינַיָּ֔⁠א 1 musicians See how you translated this term in [2:43](../02/43.md). Review the explanation in the note there if that would be helpful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 7 25 r244 figs-you וְ⁠אַ֣נְתְּ עֶזְרָ֗א 1 Connecting Statement: The king now returns to address Ezra personally, so **you** refers to him here, and is singular, The three instances of **your** in this verse are also singular, as is the verb **appoint**. Only the phrase **you shall teach** is plural, referring to Ezra and to those whom he will appoint. If your language distinguishes between levels of social status, the form for a superior addressing a respected individual would be appropriate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EZR 7 25 p1rc figs-abstractnouns כְּ⁠חָכְמַ֨ת אֱלָהָ֤⁠ךְ דִּֽי־בִ⁠ידָ⁠ךְ֙ 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates If your language does not use abstract nouns such as **wisdom**, you can express that idea in a different way. Alternate translation: “because the law of your God has made you wise” or “guided by the wise teachings of your God that you know so well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZR 7 25 qzk1 figs-metaphor דִּֽי־בִ⁠ידָ⁠ךְ֙ 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates Most likely, the phrase **that is in your hand** here means the same thing as in [7:14](../07/14.md), where the law of God is described as being in Ezra's hand.
Review the note there if that would be helpful. As there, the phrase **in your hand** here could mean (1) that Ezra knows it and uses it with great ability. Alternate translation: “that you know and use well” or (2) that Ezra personally owns a scroll of God's wisdom. Alternate translation: “that you have with you” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZR 7 25 qzk1 figs-metaphor דִּֽי־בִ⁠ידָ⁠ךְ֙ 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates Most likely, the phrase **that is in your hand** here means the same thing as in [7:14](../07/14.md), where the law of God is described as being in Ezra's hand.
Review the note there if that would be helpful. As there, the phrase **in your hand** here could mean: (1) that Ezra knows it and uses it with great ability. Alternate translation: “that you know and use well” or (2) that Ezra personally owns a scroll of God's wisdom. Alternate translation: “that you have with you” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZR 7 25 y54v figs-doublet מֶ֣נִּי שָׁפְטִ֞ין וְ⁠דַיָּנִ֗ין דִּי־לֶהֱוֺ֤ן דאנין 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates The terms **magistrates** and **judges** mean very similar things. There are two possibilities here. (1) Artaxerxes could be using these two terms to refer to people in slightly different roles. The first term may refer to officials who decide disputes between people, and the second term may refer to officials who interpret the law and apply it to specific situations. Alternate translation: “appoint officials who can decide disputes between people and officials who can interpret and apply the law” or (2) Artaxerxes may be using the two words together to emphasize the authority that Ezra has to ensure that the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem follow God’s commandments. If you have only one term for these functions, you can just use that one term here. Alternate translation: “appoint judges so that they can judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZR 7 25 waab figs-explicit לְ⁠כָל־עַמָּ⁠ה֙ דִּ֚י בַּ⁠עֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֔⁠ה לְ⁠כָל־יָדְעֵ֖י דָּתֵ֣י אֱלָהָ֑⁠ךְ 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates The second phrase clarifies the meaning of the first phrase, showing that Artaxerxes is referring specifically to the Jews who live in this province. He is allowing the Jews there to have their own legal system, based on the law of Moses. If it would be clearer in your language, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “all the Jews living in Beyond-the-River province, who know the laws of your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZR 7 25 nncp figs-you וְ⁠דִ֧י לָ֦א יָדַ֖ע תְּהוֹדְעֽוּן 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates The word **you** here is plural. If your language distinguishes between forms of you, the form for a superior addressing a group of people would be appropriate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) diff --git a/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv b/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv index 93fd9d0936..92e1e06803 100644 --- a/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv +++ b/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv @@ -956,7 +956,7 @@ NEH 8 7 e1f5 figs-explicit מְבִינִ֥ים אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֖ם לַ⁠ NEH 8 8 s5er וַֽ⁠יִּקְרְא֥וּ בַ⁠סֵּ֛פֶר בְּ⁠תוֹרַ֥ת הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים מְפֹרָ֑שׁ 1 This probably indicates that each of the Levites who circulated among the crowd likely had his own written copy of the Law of Moses and used that to teach the people. If it would be clearer in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Each of these Levites had his own the scroll of the law of God and read aloud from it” NEH 8 8 e1f7 מְפֹרָ֑שׁ 1 The exact meaning of this Hebrew term is unknown. This expression could mean that the Levites read loudly and clearly so that the groups they were talking to within the crowd could hear and understand them. It could also mean that they went over one section at a time with the people, after Ezra had read that section to everyone. It might also imply that the people could not understand the language in which the book of the Law was written, so the Levites needed to interpret it into the language that the people could understand. However, none of these possibilities are certain. Alternate translation: “clearly” or “one section at a time” NEH 8 8 e1f9 figs-doublet בַ⁠סֵּ֛פֶר בְּ⁠תוֹרַ֥ת הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים 1 These two phrases mean similar things. You do not need to repeat both of them in your translation if that would be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “from the Law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -NEH 8 8 e1g1 translate-unknown וְ⁠שׂ֣וֹם שֶׂ֔כֶל 1 The exact meaning of this phrase in Hebrew is unknown. Most likely, it means either (1) that the Levites were interpreting from one language into another, because the people could not understand the language in which the book of the Law was written, or (2) that the Levites were explaining the meaning of the Law to the people because it was difficult to understand. Alternate translateion: “and they explained what it meant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +NEH 8 8 e1g1 translate-unknown וְ⁠שׂ֣וֹם שֶׂ֔כֶל 1 The exact meaning of this phrase in Hebrew is unknown. Most likely, it means either: (1) that the Levites were interpreting from one language into another, because the people could not understand the language in which the book of the Law was written, or (2) that the Levites were explaining the meaning of the Law to the people because it was difficult to understand. Alternate translateion: “and they explained what it meant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) NEH 8 8 vsq9 figs-abstractnouns שֶׂ֔כֶל 1 **Interpretation** is an abstract noun that refers to the meaning of the Law of Moses. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the idea behind it with a phrase that uses a verb such as “mean.” Alternate translation: “what it meant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) NEH 8 8 e1g3 וַ⁠יָּבִ֖ינוּ בַּ⁠מִּקְרָֽא 1 Here **they** refers to the people in the crowd. Alternate translation: “That way the people in the crowd could understand what Ezra was reading” NEH 8 9 e1g5 translate-unknown נְחֶמְיָ֣ה ה֣וּא הַ⁠תִּרְשָׁ֡תָא 1 As in [7:65](../07/65.md) and [7:70](../07/70.md), **Tirshatha** is the formal Persian title of the governor. If it would be clearer in your language, you could simply say “governor,” or you could state the title and then explain it. Alternate translation: “Nehemiah the governor” or “Nehemiah the Tirshatha (that is, the governor)” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) @@ -1356,7 +1356,7 @@ NEH 10 36 g1f3 figs-activepassive כַּ⁠כָּת֖וּב בַּ⁠תּוֹר NEH 10 36 g1f5 figs-metaphor לְ⁠בֵ֣ית אֱלֹהֵ֔י⁠נוּ…בְּ⁠בֵ֥ית אֱלֹהֵֽי⁠נוּ 1 The covenant continues to speak of the temple figuratively as the **house of God**, as if it were God’s dwelling place. Alternate translation: “the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NEH 10 36 uc2w figs-doublet לַ⁠כֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים הַ⁠מְשָׁרְתִ֖ים בְּ⁠בֵ֥ית אֱלֹהֵֽי⁠נוּ 1 These two phrases mean the same thing. The covenant uses the repetition for clarity. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “the priests who serve in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) NEH 10 37 j9sj figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אֶת־רֵאשִׁ֣ית עֲרִיסֹתֵ֣י⁠נוּ וּ֠⁠תְרוּמֹתֵי⁠נוּ וּ⁠פְרִ֨י כָל־עֵ֜ץ תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠יִצְהָ֗ר 1 The words **the first of** at the start of this list apply to every item on the list. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could repeat that idea throughout the list. Alternate translation: “the first of the flour that we make, a first portion of the food offerings we bring to the temple, the first fruit from each of our fruit trees, and the first of the wine and oil that we produce each year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -NEH 10 37 rk7x translate-unknown עֲרִיסֹתֵ֣י⁠נוּ 1 Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) dough made from coarse flour, (2) coarse flour, or (3) ground grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +NEH 10 37 rk7x translate-unknown עֲרִיסֹתֵ֣י⁠נוּ 1 Possible meanings are that this refers to: (1) dough made from coarse flour, (2) coarse flour, or (3) ground grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) NEH 10 37 e92l translate-unknown אֶל־לִשְׁכ֣וֹת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 This phrase explains where the people are agreeing to deliver the items on the preceding list, which are special contributions for the priests. Alternate translation: “to the rooms where things are stored in the temple” or “to the storehouses in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) NEH 10 37 s7s2 figs-metaphor בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 The covenant continues to speak of the temple figuratively as the “house of God,” as if it were the place where God lived, since God’s presence was in the temple. Alternate translation: “the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NEH 10 37 r776 figs-metonymy וּ⁠מַעְשַׂ֥ר אַדְמָתֵ֖⁠נוּ 1 Here, the covenant speaks figuratively of the soil as a way of referring to the crops that grow in the soil. Alternate translation: “one tenth of the crops that grow in our fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1842,7 +1842,7 @@ NEH 13 23 b4nt figs-idiom בַּ⁠יָּמִ֣ים הָ⁠הֵ֗ם 1 The term NEH 13 23 jp2w figs-idiom הֹשִׁ֗יבוּ 1 This is an expression that refers figuratively to marriage. Alternate translation: “who had married” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) NEH 13 23 l9c2 translate-names אשדודיות עמוניות מוֹאֲבִיּֽוֹת 1 These are the names of three people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 13 24 w247 writing-background וּ⁠בְנֵי⁠הֶ֗ם 1 In this context, the conjunction **And** indicates that this sentence will provide further information about the situation the book is describing here. You could use a phrase such as **and as for** to show that this is further background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -NEH 13 24 k1w7 וּ⁠בְנֵי⁠הֶ֗ם חֲצִי֙ מְדַבֵּ֣ר אַשְׁדּוֹדִ֔ית וְ⁠אֵינָ֥⁠ם מַכִּירִ֖ים לְ⁠דַבֵּ֣ר יְהוּדִ֑ית 1 This could mean one of two things. It seems most likely that the expression means that (1) these children spoke a mixed language, using Ashdodite expressions half the time and Hebrew expressions the other half of the time, so that none of them knew how to speak Hebrew fluently. The expression could also mean that (2) half of the children who were born to Hebrew fathers and foreign mothers spoke a foreign language. However, if half spoke Ashdodite, and none spoke Hebrew, this leaves open the question of what language the other half of the children spoke. Alternate translation: (1) “their children spoke a mixed dialect, using Philistine expressions half the time, so that none of them could speak Hebrew fluently” or (2) “half of their children spoke the language of the Philistines, and none of their children knew how to speak Hebrew” +NEH 13 24 k1w7 וּ⁠בְנֵי⁠הֶ֗ם חֲצִי֙ מְדַבֵּ֣ר אַשְׁדּוֹדִ֔ית וְ⁠אֵינָ֥⁠ם מַכִּירִ֖ים לְ⁠דַבֵּ֣ר יְהוּדִ֑ית 1 This could mean one of two things. It seems most likely that the expression means that: (1) these children spoke a mixed language, using Ashdodite expressions half the time and Hebrew expressions the other half of the time, so that none of them knew how to speak Hebrew fluently. The expression could also mean that (2) half of the children who were born to Hebrew fathers and foreign mothers spoke a foreign language. However, if half spoke Ashdodite, and none spoke Hebrew, this leaves open the question of what language the other half of the children spoke. Alternate translation: (1) “their children spoke a mixed dialect, using Philistine expressions half the time, so that none of them could speak Hebrew fluently” or (2) “half of their children spoke the language of the Philistines, and none of their children knew how to speak Hebrew” NEH 13 24 k1w9 translate-fraction חֲצִי֙ 1 **Half** means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) NEH 13 24 k1x1 figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אֵינָ֥⁠ם מַכִּירִ֖ים לְ⁠דַבֵּ֣ר יְהוּדִ֑ית וְ⁠כִ⁠לְשׁ֖וֹן עַ֥ם וָ⁠עָֽם 1 Here Nehemiah leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. This sentence seems to mean “none of them could speak Hebrew fluently, but instead they mixed it with the language of whatever people group their mothers belonged to.” You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) NEH 13 24 k1x3 figs-metonymy וְ⁠כִ⁠לְשׁ֖וֹן 1 Here, **tongue** figuratively means the language spoken by a person or a group of people. Alternate translation: “language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/en_tn_17-EST.tsv b/en_tn_17-EST.tsv index bf957c823e..d98561726f 100644 --- a/en_tn_17-EST.tsv +++ b/en_tn_17-EST.tsv @@ -648,11 +648,11 @@ EST 6 13 aca1 figs-explicit כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֑⁠הוּ 1 every EST 6 13 aca2 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֩אמְרוּ֩ ל֨⁠וֹ חֲכָמָ֜י⁠ו וְ⁠זֶ֣רֶשׁ 1 Then his wise men and Zeresh said to him The implication is that, just as King Ahasuerus had royal advisors, Haman had advisors of his own. They would have been included among the “friends” he gathered for this occasion. If it would be clearer in your language, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “some of his friends were also his advisors, and they and his wife Zeresh told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EST 6 13 aca3 חֲכָמָ֜י⁠ו 1 his wise men See how you translated this expression in [1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “his advisors” EST 6 13 fd5k figs-metaphor אִ֣ם…מָרְדֳּכַ֞י אֲשֶׁר֩ הַחִלּ֨וֹתָ לִ⁠נְפֹּ֤ל לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 If Mordecai, before whose face you have begun to fall This could mean either of two possibilities: (1) The action of falling could refer to bowing down and it could be a metaphor meaning to be dishonored and defeated. Haman wanted Mordecai to bow down in front of him. But instead, the story would be saying that Haman is starting to bow down (in a metaphorical sense) in front of Mordecai. Alternate translation: “Mordecai has begun to humiliate you. If he…” (2) “Fall” could be a figurative way of saying “be killed in battle.” In that case, Zeresh would be comparing Haman and Mordecai to two soldiers who are fighting. She is saying that Haman has already “begun to fall,” that is, he is losing the battle, and he is likely to be killed. Alternate translation: “Mordecai has begun to defeat you. Since he…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EST 6 13 j3d3 figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 before … face Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of a person. The phrase either means (1) that Haman has already begun to fall down (bow down) in front of Mordecai figuratively, or (2) that Haman and Mordecai are facing one another figuratively in hand-to-hand combat. Alternate translation: “before whom” or “in whose presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +EST 6 13 j3d3 figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 before … face Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of a person. This could mean: (1) that Haman has already begun to fall down (bow down) in front of Mordecai figuratively, or (2) that Haman and Mordecai are facing one another figuratively in hand-to-hand combat. Alternate translation: “before whom” or “in whose presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EST 6 13 p5t2 figs-metaphor מִ⁠זֶּ֣רַע הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֡ים 1 from the seed of the Jews Here, **seed** is a metaphor meaning “offspring.” It is a comparison: Just as plants produce seeds that grow into many more plants, so people can have many offspring. Alternate translation: “one of the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EST 6 13 nan5 figs-metaphor לֹא־תוּכַ֣ל ל֔⁠וֹ 1 you will not prevail against him Here Haman’s wife and friends are again speaking figuratively as if Haman is in a battle with Mordecai. Alternate translation: “you will not win against him” or “you will not have greater honor than he has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EST 6 13 j3d5 grammar-connect-logic-contrast כִּֽי 1 but This conjunction indicates a contrast between the actions of prevailing (in the previous clause) and falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) -EST 6 13 j3d7 figs-metaphor נָפ֥וֹל תִּפּ֖וֹל 1 you will surely fall Here the action of **falling** (1) either refers once again to prostrating oneself, and is a metaphor meaning to be dishonored and defeated, or (2) Haman’s wife and friends are saying that for Haman, defeat will be the outcome of the figurative battle. Alternate translation: “you will certainly lose to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EST 6 13 j3d7 figs-metaphor נָפ֥וֹל תִּפּ֖וֹל 1 you will surely fall Here the action of **falling**: (1) either refers once again to prostrating oneself, and is a metaphor meaning to be dishonored and defeated, or (2) Haman’s wife and friends are saying that for Haman, defeat will be the outcome of the figurative battle. Alternate translation: “you will certainly lose to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EST 6 13 j3d9 figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנָֽי⁠ו 1 before his face Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of a person. The phrase means that Haman will lose in his struggle with Mordecai. Alternate translation: “before him” or “in his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EST 6 14 j4d1 grammar-connect-time-background עוֹדָ⁠ם֙ מְדַבְּרִ֣ים עִמּ֔⁠וֹ 1 They were still speaking with him when the eunuchs of the king arrived This phrase indicates something that happened after Haman’s wife and friends started talking with Haman and while they were still talking. You should indicate this with a phrase such as “while.” Alternate translation: “while they were still talking together, the king’s eunuchs arrived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) EST 6 14 aca4 translate-unknown וְ⁠סָרִיסֵ֥י הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ 1 when the eunuchs of the king See how you decided to translate this term in [1:10](../01/10.md). Not all of the king’s eunuchs came. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “some of the king’s servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) @@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ EST 9 29 cm8c translate-names אֲבִיחַ֛יִל 1 Abihail This man was Esth EST 9 29 oc4c וּ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֥י 1 Since the Hebrew verb wrote is feminine singular, it means that the letter was from Esther. The mention of **Mordecai** here probably means that Mordecai helped her to write the letter. Alternate translation: “with Mordecai” EST 9 29 acq8 figs-distinguish הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֖י 1 the Jew This phrase gives information about Mordecai to remind the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) EST 9 29 acq9 וַ֠⁠תִּכְתֹּב…אֶת־כָּל־תֹּ֑קֶף 1 wrote with all power Alternate translation: “using her royal authority” or “using the authority that she had as queen” -EST 9 29 ku7d translate-numbers לְ⁠קַיֵּ֗ם אֵ֣ת אִגֶּ֧רֶת הַ⁠פּוּרִ֛ים הַ⁠זֹּ֖את הַ⁠שֵּׁנִֽית 1 to set up this second letter of Purim **This second letter of Purim** could refer to (1) this letter that Esther is writing, which is the second letter that the Jews will receive about the festival of Purim. Alternate translation: “an additional letter about Purim with her authority” or (2) the second letter that Mordecai wrote (see verses 20-22), creating the festival of Purim. Alternate translation: “to confirm what Mordecai had written about Purim in his second letter” In either case, this letter from Esther is to add her royal authority to what Mordecai had already written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +EST 9 29 ku7d translate-numbers לְ⁠קַיֵּ֗ם אֵ֣ת אִגֶּ֧רֶת הַ⁠פּוּרִ֛ים הַ⁠זֹּ֖את הַ⁠שֵּׁנִֽית 1 to set up this second letter of Purim **This second letter of Purim** could refer to: (1) this letter that Esther is writing, which is the second letter that the Jews will receive about the festival of Purim. Alternate translation: “an additional letter about Purim with her authority” or (2) the second letter that Mordecai wrote (see verses 20-22), creating the festival of Purim. Alternate translation: “to confirm what Mordecai had written about Purim in his second letter” In either case, this letter from Esther is to add her royal authority to what Mordecai had already written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) EST 9 30 acr1 figs-gendernotations וַ⁠יִּשְׁלַ֨ח סְפָרִ֜ים 1 he sent letters While this says “**he**,” in context it refers to the letter that Esther wrote with Mordecai’s help. Alternate translation: “they sent copies of this second letter” or “Mordecai ordered messengers to take copies of the letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) EST 9 30 acr2 figs-parallelism אֶל־כָּל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֗ים אֶל־שֶׁ֨בַע וְ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּ⁠מֵאָה֙ מְדִינָ֔ה מַלְכ֖וּת אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ 1 to all the Jews, to 127 provinces, the kingdom of Ahasuerus These three phrases all mean the same thing. The repetition emphasizes that Esther and Mordecai sent this second letter out comprehensively throughout the empire. Alternate translation: “to all the Jews throughout the entire empire of Ahasuerus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) EST 9 30 acr3 figs-metonymy שֶׁ֨בַע וְ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּ⁠מֵאָה֙ מְדִינָ֔ה 1 127 provinces The letter was not sent to the provinces as geographical territories, but to the Jews who lived in them. The Jews are being described by something associated with them, the places where they lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv b/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv index 9701176a50..b1c67d22a3 100644 --- a/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv +++ b/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote JOB front intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job
## Part 1: General Introduction

### Outline of Job

1. Job is introduced (1:1–2:13)
- Job is blameless and wealthy (1:1–5)
- Yahweh allows Satan to test Job (1:6–2:10)
1. Three friends speak to Job (3:1–14:22)
- Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar
- Job replies to each
1. They speak to him again (15:1–21:34)
- Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar
- Job replies to each
1. They speak a third time (22:1–31:40)
- Eliphaz and Bildad
- Job replies to each
1. Elihu speaks to Job (32:1–37:24)
1. Yahweh answers Job out of the whirlwind (38:1–41:34)
1. Job is humbled before Yahweh (42:1–6)
1. Yahweh rebukes Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar (42:7–9)
1. Yahweh prospers Job again (42:10–17)

### What is the Book of Job about?

The Book of Job is about a man named Job who experienced disaster even though he was faithful to Yahweh. Job speaks with three friends and asks why Yahweh lets him experience trials and losses. The book teaches that we cannot understand all of Yahweh’s ways, and when we suffer, it is more important to trust Yahweh than it is to understand the reason for the suffering.

### How should the title of this book be translated?

The Book of Job is named for Job, the main character in the book. His name is not related to the English word “job.” Translators might use the traditional title of “The Book of Job” or just “Job.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Book About Job” or “The Book About a Man Named Job.”

### Who wrote the Book of Job?

We do not know who wrote the Book of Job. Many people suggest that Moses composed or compiled the book, but it may have been written after the time of Moses.

## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

### Does sin cause suffering?

When a person sins against Yahweh, it can cause the person to experience suffering. People in the ancient Near East generally believed that a person suffered because they or their ancestors sinned against God. This is what many religions teach. However, the Book of Job shows that a person may suffer even if he or she has not sinned. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

### Were Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar really Job’s friends?

Job 2:11 refers to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar as the friends of Job. But they did not comfort Job. Instead, they tried to persuade Job to say something about God that Job believed was not true. So we might wonder if it is right to translate the word as “friends.” They did care about Job and they wanted to help him. However, what they said did not help Job because they did not understand the truth about God.

### When did the events in the Book of Job take place?

We do not know when the events in the Book of Job took place. It seems to be set around the time of Abraham and Isaac in the Book of Genesis. However, some verses are similar to ones in the Books of Proverbs and Isaiah, which are set much later.

## Part 3: Important Translation Issues

### What style of writing is in the Book of Job?

The writer starts and ends the Book of Job by telling what happened to Job in narrative form. He wrote the other parts in poetry form. In the ancient Near East, writers often used poetry to discuss matters of wisdom.

### Is the Book of Job difficult to translate?

The Book of Job has many uncommon words and phrases, making parts of it hard to understand translate. For this reason, translators may decide to translate this book after they have translated other books of the Bible. However, since the writer did not connect Job with a specific time or place in history, the translator may decide to translate this book before other Old Testament books. JOB 1 intro lym1 0 # Job 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter introduces a story about a man named Job who lives during a time long before the author.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Wealth
Job is very rich. During his time, a man’s wealth is measured by the number of animals he owns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

### Feasts
Job is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh’s provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

### Job’s faith
Satan believes that Job’s faith is based on Yahweh’s blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job’s life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) -JOB 1 1 k5g4 translate-names 0 land of Uz Possible locations are (1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or (2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +JOB 1 1 k5g4 translate-names 0 land of Uz Possible locations are: (1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or (2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 1 1 r5aj figs-doublet 0 blameless and upright The words “blameless” and “upright” share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. Alternate translation: “one who did what was right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 1 1 qj15 0 one who feared God “one who honored God” JOB 1 1 y3ar figs-metaphor 0 turned from evil Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place that a person could avoid going to, instead of the doing of evil actions. Alternate translation: “refused to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ JOB 4 2 knx6 0 will you be impatient? “will that annoy you?” JOB 4 2 n3sr figs-rquestion 0 But who can stop himself from speaking? Eliphaz asks this question to say that no one who sees a friend suffering can remain silent. Alternate translation: “No one can restrain himself from speaking (to a friend in such a state as you find yourself)” or “I must speak to you, (seeing that you are in a state of grief).” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 4 3 piw1 figs-parallelism 0 See, you have instructed many; you have strengthened weak hands This verse states a single idea in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 3 fe8q figs-metonymy 0 you have strengthened weak hands Here “weak hands” represents people who need help. Alternate translation: “you have helped others when they needed help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JOB 4 4 lvl1 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses to make one idea using two different statements to emphasize (1) the support that Job has given others in the past, (2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and (3) his piety before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +JOB 4 4 lvl1 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses to make one idea using two different statements to emphasize: (1) the support that Job has given others in the past, (2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and (3) his piety before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 4 tqj5 figs-metaphor 0 supported Someone who has been encouraged is spoken of as if he were kept from falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 4 fnd5 figs-metaphor 0 falling Here becoming discouraged is spoken of as if it were falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 4 c21w figs-metaphor 0 you have made feeble knees firm Here discouragement is spoken of as if it were a person whose weak knees could not keep him upright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ JOB 4 17 qqw3 figs-rquestion 0 Can a mortal man be more righteous than God? Eli JOB 4 17 hw7d figs-rquestion 0 Can a man be more pure than his Maker? This question has the same purpose as the previous question. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be more pure than his Maker.” or “A man cannot be pure before his Maker.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 4 17 r4a7 0 his Maker “his Creator” JOB 4 19 x3pk figs-metaphor 0 those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust This is a figurative way of describing human beings, who were created out of the dust of the earth and whose bodies are like houses, which are made of clay and have dirt foundations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 4 19 r4dq figs-metaphor 0 who are crushed sooner than a moth Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) “who God destroys as easily as he crushes a moth” or (2) “whose lives are as short as the life of a moth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +JOB 4 19 r4dq figs-metaphor 0 who are crushed sooner than a moth Possible meanings for this metaphor are: (1) “who God destroys as easily as he crushes a moth” or (2) “whose lives are as short as the life of a moth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 4 20 ajf2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that people die suddenly without having achieved wisdom and without concern from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 20 m44u figs-metaphor 0 Between morning and evening they are destroyed This refers to the idea of something happening quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 20 znp6 figs-activepassive 0 they are destroyed This may also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “they die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ JOB 10 15 fs2u 0 disgrace shame JOB 10 15 bu5t figs-abstractnouns 0 see my affliction The abstract noun “affliction” can be translated using the verb “afflict.” Alternate translation: “see how God is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 10 16 z3nm figs-hypo 0 If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion This could mean: (1) this is a hypothetical situation that has not happened or (2) this is a description of a situation that happens repeatedly. Alternate translation: “When my head is lifted up, you stalk me like a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 10 16 ya75 figs-idiom 0 If my head were lifted up This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. Alternate translation: “If I become proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -JOB 10 16 bss8 figs-simile 0 you would stalk me like a lion Possible meanings of this simile are (1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or (2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +JOB 10 16 bss8 figs-simile 0 you would stalk me like a lion Possible meanings of this simile are: (1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or (2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 10 16 yj7r figs-irony 0 again you would show yourself with marvellous acts of power against me This phrase expresses irony in how God displays his marvelous power by acting to harm Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) JOB 10 17 u754 figs-metaphor 0 You bring new witnesses against me Job’s troubles from God are spoken of as if they were people who were witnesses against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 10 17 di4r figs-abstractnouns 0 increase your anger against me The abstract noun “anger” can be translated as the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “are more and more angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ JOB 11 8 n8yi figs-explicit 0 The matter This refers to understanding God. Alte JOB 11 8 jhq3 figs-parallelism 0 is as high as heaven … deeper than Sheol The impossibility of understanding God is spoken of as if it were impossible to go to these extremely far away places. Alternate translation: “is as inaccessible as the highest places in heaven … is more inaccessible than the deepest places in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 11 8 y9sp figs-rquestion 0 what can you do? Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to understand God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot do anything.” or “you cannot understand him fully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 11 8 hb95 figs-rquestion 0 what can you know? Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to know God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot know God fully.” or “you cannot know all there is to know.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -JOB 11 9 i9xz 0 Its measure Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) God’s greatness or (2) the greatness of God’s wisdom. +JOB 11 9 i9xz 0 Its measure This could mean: (1) God’s greatness or (2) the greatness of God’s wisdom. JOB 11 9 z6cv figs-metaphor 0 is longer than the earth … wider than the sea God’s greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 11 10 y4fx 0 If he … shuts anyone up “If God … shuts anyone up in prison” JOB 11 10 d1jn figs-abstractnouns 0 if he calls anyone to judgment The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -693,14 +693,14 @@ JOB 12 13 tw4v figs-abstractnouns 0 With God are wisdom and might The abstract JOB 12 14 aq2d 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” JOB 12 14 v1pt figs-activepassive 0 it cannot be built again This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can rebuild it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 12 14 c4eb figs-abstractnouns 0 if he imprisons someone, there can be no release The abstract noun “release” can be expressed with the verb “free.” Alternate translation: “if God shuts someone in, no one can free him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -JOB 12 15 pl3c figs-metaphor 0 if he withholds the waters, they dry up Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents (1) preventing the rain from falling. Alternate translation: “if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up” or (2) preventing running water from flowing. Alternate translation: “if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 12 15 rel2 figs-metaphor 0 if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning (1) causing the rain to fall. Alternate translation: “if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land” or (2) causing the waters to flow. Alternate translation: “if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 12 15 pl3c figs-metaphor 0 if he withholds the waters, they dry up Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents: (1) preventing the rain from falling. Alternate translation: “if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up” or (2) preventing running water from flowing. Alternate translation: “if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 12 15 rel2 figs-metaphor 0 if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning: (1) causing the rain to fall. Alternate translation: “if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land” or (2) causing the waters to flow. Alternate translation: “if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 16 gqf6 figs-abstractnouns 0 With him are strength and wisdom The abstract nouns “strength” and “wisdom” can be expressed with the words “strong” and “wise.” Alternate translation: “God is strong and wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 12 16 uuh8 0 people who are deceived and the deceiver are both in his power Being in God’s power represents God ruling over them. Alternate translation: “people who believe a lie and people who lie to others are both in his power” or “God rules over both people who believe lies and people who lie to others” JOB 12 17 lk8b figs-metaphor 0 He leads counselors away barefoot Leading counselors away barefoot represents taking away their wisdom and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 17 ux12 figs-abstractnouns 0 in sorrow The abstract noun “sorrow” can be expressed with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel very sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 12 17 uu39 0 he turns judges into fools “he makes judges become foolish” -JOB 12 18 w5lc figs-metonymy 0 He takes off the chain of authority from kings Possible meanings are that (1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. Alternate translation: “He takes away the authority of kings” or (2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. Alternate translation: “He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JOB 12 18 w5lc figs-metonymy 0 He takes off the chain of authority from kings Possible meanings are that: (1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. Alternate translation: “He takes away the authority of kings” or (2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. Alternate translation: “He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 18 p4c4 figs-metonymy 0 he wraps a cloth about their waists This cloth is probably what a slave wears. To put these cloths on kings represents making the kings slaves. Alternate translation: “he makes kings wear the clothing of slaves” or “he makes them slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 19 mkn4 figs-metaphor 0 He leads priests away barefoot Leading priests away barefoot represents taking away their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 19 wut2 figs-abstractnouns 0 in sorrow The abstract noun “sorrow” can be expressed with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ JOB 13 11 j11v figs-rquestion 0 Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread JOB 13 11 e6x9 figs-metaphor 0 and the dread of him fall upon you Dread falling on people represents them becoming terribly afraid. Alternate translation: “and you not be terribly afraid” or “and you not be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 12 s8ny figs-metaphor 0 Your memorable sayings are proverbs made of ashes Ashes represent things that are worthless and do not last. Alternate translation: “Your memorable sayings are worthless like ashes” or “Your memorable sayings will be forgotten like ashes that are blown away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 12 brf8 figs-metaphor 0 your defenses are defenses made of clay Job speaks of what they say as if it were a wall made of clay around a city; it cannot defend the people because clay breaks easily. Alternate translation: “What you say in defense is as useless as a wall of clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 13 12 pt19 0 your defenses Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) what they say to defend themselves or (2) what they say to defend God. +JOB 13 12 pt19 0 your defenses Possible meanings are that this refers to: (1) what they say to defend themselves or (2) what they say to defend God. JOB 13 13 ygn9 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends. JOB 13 13 i6h6 figs-idiom 0 Hold your peace This is an idiom meaning “Be quiet” or “Stop talking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 13 13 wau3 figs-idiom 0 let me alone This is an idiom that means “stop bothering me” or “stop hindering me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ JOB 13 24 i7qi figs-metaphor 0 you hide your face from me Hiding one’s face f JOB 13 25 xm7f figs-rquestion 0 Will you persecute … pursue dry stubble? Job uses these questions to tell God that since Job is so insignificant and weak, it is useless to persecute him. “Leaf” and “stubble” are metaphors describing Job’s weakness, insignificance and frailty. Alternate translation: “You persecute me, but I am weak like a leaf blown by the wind and insignificant like dry stubble.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 26 ta4y 0 Connecting Statement: Job finishes presenting his case to God. JOB 13 26 h6dc figs-metaphor 0 For you write down bitter things against me “Bitter things” represents accusations. Alternate translation: “For you write down accusations against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 13 26 bc79 figs-metaphor 0 you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. Possible meanings are it represents (1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth” or (2) being punished for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you punish me for the sins of my youth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 13 26 bc79 figs-metaphor 0 you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth” or (2) being punished for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you punish me for the sins of my youth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 26 l6wj figs-abstractnouns 0 the iniquities of my youth The abstract noun “youth” can be translated with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “the sins I committed when I was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 13 27 l4hh figs-metaphor 0 You also put my feet in the stocks Doing this represents punishing Job and keeping him from living freely as if Job had committed a crime and was a prisoner. Alternate translation: “It is as though you put my feet in the stocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 27 lk93 0 the stocks This could mean: (1) a frame that holds a prisoner’s feet in place so that he cannot move at all or (2) chains around a prisoner’s feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment. @@ -1166,16 +1166,16 @@ JOB 19 24 nd22 0 lead Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lea JOB 19 25 b73i 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends. JOB 19 25 q57z 0 my Redeemer “My Defender.” Here “Redeemer” refers to a person who will rescue Job by proving Job’s innocence, restoring his honor, and giving him justice. JOB 19 25 yy3q figs-metonymy 0 at last he will stand on the earth This refers to standing to speak in court. This could mean: (1) the Redeemer will be the last one to speak in the court. Alternate translation: “he will judge whether or not I am guilty” or (2) the Redeemer will stand in this final court to defend Job. Alternate translation: “at last he will defend me in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JOB 19 26 t5gt 0 after my skin … is destroyed Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) his body being destroyed by disease or (2) his body decaying after he has died. +JOB 19 26 t5gt 0 after my skin … is destroyed Possible meanings are that this refers to: (1) his body being destroyed by disease or (2) his body decaying after he has died. JOB 19 26 p2pl figs-metonymy 0 in my flesh I will see God His flesh represents his body, and “in my flesh” represents being alive. Alternate translation: “while I live in my body, I will see God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 19 27 m1wt figs-synecdoche 0 my own eyes—I, and not someone else The synecdoche “my own eyes” represents Job. The phrases “my eyes” and “and not someone else” emphasize that Job himself will actually see God. It is not that someone else will see God and tell Job about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 19 27 c3pc figs-metaphor 0 My heart fails within me People thought of the heart as being where the emotions are. So the heart failing represents him having very many emotions. Alternate translation: “I am very emotional about it” or “My emotions overwhelm me as I think about that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 19 27 k566 figs-explicit 0 My heart fails within me Possible meanings are that (1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or (2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +JOB 19 27 k566 figs-explicit 0 My heart fails within me This could mean: (1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or (2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 19 28 c2c8 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends. JOB 19 28 np8p figs-exclamations 0 How we will persecute him! This is an exclamation. This could mean: (1) that they will certainly persecute Job or (2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) JOB 19 28 ddd3 figs-metaphor 0 The root of his troubles lies in him The “root” represents the source. Alternate translation: “He is the source of all his troubles” or “He has all these troubles because of what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 19 29 tw35 figs-metonymy 0 then be afraid of the sword Possible meanings are that the sword represents (1) God judging them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will judge you” or (2) God killing them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JOB 19 29 t8gg figs-abstractnouns 0 because wrath brings the punishment of the sword The abstract nouns “wrath” and “punishment” can be expressed with the adjective “angry” and the verb “punish.” Possible meanings are that (1) God’s anger results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because God will be angry with you and punish you” or (2) the anger of Job’s friends results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +JOB 19 29 tw35 figs-metonymy 0 then be afraid of the sword Possible meanings are that the sword represents: (1) God judging them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will judge you” or (2) God killing them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JOB 19 29 t8gg figs-abstractnouns 0 because wrath brings the punishment of the sword The abstract nouns “wrath” and “punishment” can be expressed with the adjective “angry” and the verb “punish.” This could mean: (1) God’s anger results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because God will be angry with you and punish you” or (2) the anger of Job’s friends results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 19 29 yy9j 0 brings “causes” or “results in” JOB 19 29 n1i1 figs-abstractnouns 0 there is a judgment The abstract noun “judgment” can be expressed with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “God judges people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 20 intro p78g 0 # Job 20 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Zophar’s advice
Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metaphors
There are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God’s punishment of Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ JOB 20 14 zrn4 figs-metaphor 0 it becomes the poison of asps inside him This im JOB 20 14 lnj1 0 asps poisonous snakes JOB 20 15 zpd6 0 General Information: Zophar continues speaking to Job. JOB 20 15 hs62 figs-metaphor 0 He swallows down riches … cast them out of his stomach Zophar speaks of gaining and losing wealth as if it were food that a person eats and vomits. Alternate translation: “The wicked person becomes very wealthy, but he loses his wealth like a person who vomits up his food. God causes him to lose it all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 20 15 r51k figs-metaphor 0 He swallows down riches Possible meanings are that “swallows down riches” represents (1) accumulating riches and storing them selfishly. Alternate translation: “The wicked man gains much wealth and keeps it all for himself” or (2) accumulating riches in wicked ways. Alternate translation: “The wicked man steals many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 20 15 r51k figs-metaphor 0 He swallows down riches Here, **swallows down riche** could mean: (1) accumulating riches and storing them selfishly. Alternate translation: “The wicked man gains much wealth and keeps it all for himself” or (2) accumulating riches in wicked ways. Alternate translation: “The wicked man steals many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 15 t47g figs-metonymy 0 God will cast them out of his stomach Here “cast them out of his stomach” is a metonym for causing the man to vomit them. This is a metaphor for causing the man to lose his riches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 15 iu2m 0 cast throw JOB 20 16 l7yk figs-metaphor 0 He will suck the poison of asps Here “suck the poison of asps” represents doing evil things. Both are very dangerous. Alternate translation: “Doing evil things is like sucking the poison of asps” or “He will do evil things and endanger his life like a person who sucks the poison of asps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ JOB 21 3 x7gy 0 Put up with me “Allow me” or “Be patient with me” JOB 21 3 w3a4 figs-irony 0 mock on “you can continue mocking me.” Job is using sarcasm to imply that his friends would ignore what he would say and continue to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 21 4 ztr6 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 4 d6w5 figs-rquestion 0 As for me, is my complaint to a person? Why should I not be impatient? Job uses questions to emphasize that he thinks it is fair for him to complain to God. Alternate translation: “I am not complaining to a person. I have the right to be impatient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -JOB 21 5 lu7q translate-symaction 0 lay your hand upon your mouth “cover your mouth with your hand.” Possible meanings are that (1) this is a response to being astonished. Alternate translation: “cover your mouth with your hand” or (2) this is a symbol that the person will not speak. Alternate translation: “do not say anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +JOB 21 5 lu7q translate-symaction 0 lay your hand upon your mouth “cover your mouth with your hand.” Possible meanings are that: (1) this is a response to being astonished. Alternate translation: “cover your mouth with your hand” or (2) this is a symbol that the person will not speak. Alternate translation: “do not say anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 21 6 f8uu 0 trembling seizes my body “fear causes my body to tremble” or “I shake with fear” JOB 21 7 suz1 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 7 i446 figs-rquestion 0 Why do wicked people continue to live, become old, and grow mighty in power? Job uses this question to show that his friends are wrong to think evil men always suffer. Alternate translation: “Wicked people indeed continue to live, become old, and become wealthier.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -1453,7 +1453,7 @@ JOB 24 11 mr4m figs-synecdoche 0 within the walls of those wicked men Here “w JOB 24 11 z8b4 figs-explicit 0 they tread the wicked men’s winepresses It may be helpful to state that they do this to produce juice to make wine. Alternate translation: “they tread on grapes to make juice for wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 24 11 a1m7 0 they themselves suffer thirst “they suffer from thirst” or “they are thirsty” JOB 24 13 m581 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. -JOB 24 13 dl4e figs-metaphor 0 rebel against the light Possible meanings of “light” are (1) visible light or (2) spiritual light, which refers to God or living righteously. Alternate translation: “hate the daylight” or “do not want to do things openly” or “rebel against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 24 13 dl4e figs-metaphor 0 rebel against the light Here, **light** could mean: (1) visible light or (2) spiritual light, which refers to God or living righteously. Alternate translation: “hate the daylight” or “do not want to do things openly” or “rebel against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 24 13 djk4 figs-metaphor 0 they know not its ways, nor do they stay in its paths These two lines describe the same thing, and are used together to emphasize that they do not want to follow the ways of the light. Alternate translation: “they do not know how to live a moral life; they stay far away from living a righteous life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 24 14 u116 figs-doublet 0 poor and needy people The words “poor” and “needy” refer to the same group of people and emphasize that these are people who are unable to help themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 24 14 d2ft figs-simile 0 he is like a thief The murderer kills in secret just like a thief steals without anyone seeing what he does. Alternate translation: “he kills people secretly, just like a thief steals secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -1577,7 +1577,7 @@ JOB 27 19 la2p 0 He lies down in bed rich “He is wealthy when he lies down i JOB 27 19 i6ex 0 but he will not keep doing so “but he will not keep lying down in bed rich” or “but he will not continue to be wealthy when he lies down in bed” JOB 27 19 b9sa figs-metonymy 0 he opens his eyes Opening his eyes represents waking up in the morning. Alternate translation: “he wakes up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 27 19 x5lq 0 everything is gone “all of his riches are gone” or “everything has vanished” -JOB 27 20 ul69 0 Terrors overtake him Here “overtake him” represents suddenly happening to him. Possible meanings are that “terrors” is a metonym for (1) things that cause people to be afraid. Alternate translation: “Terrifying things suddenly happen to him” or (2) fear. Alternate translation: “He suddenly becomes terrified” +JOB 27 20 ul69 0 Terrors overtake him Here “overtake him” represents suddenly happening to him. Possible meanings are that **terrors** is a metonym for:: (1) things that cause people to be afraid. Alternate translation: “Terrifying things suddenly happen to him” or (2) fear. Alternate translation: “He suddenly becomes terrified” JOB 27 20 zw56 figs-simile 0 like waters The word “waters” refers to a flood. Floods can happen very suddenly when people do not expect them, and they are dangerous and frightening. Alternate translation: “like a flood” or “like waters that rise up suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 27 20 l3kn 0 a storm takes him away “a violent wind blows him away” JOB 27 21 l4at figs-personification 0 it sweeps him out of his place Job speaks of the wind blowing the wicked man out of his house as if the wind were a person sweeping dust out of a house with a broom. Alternate translation: “the wind sweeps him out of his place like a woman who sweeps dirt out of a house” or “the wind easily blows him out of his place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -1601,7 +1601,7 @@ JOB 28 4 kp1m 0 shaft a deep narrow hole dug into the ground or rock. People g JOB 28 4 hz3j figs-personification 0 places that are forgotten by anyone’s foot The foot is spoken of as if it is a person who can remember. Alternate translation: “places where people no longer walk” or “where no one ever walks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 28 4 yed2 figs-explicit 0 He hangs far away from people How and where he hangs can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Far away from people, he hangs from a rope in the shaft” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 28 5 r3d3 figs-synecdoche 0 the earth, out of which comes bread Here “bread” represents food in general. Food coming out of the ground is a metaphor for food growing out of the ground. Alternate translation: “the earth, where food grows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 28 5 p8vk 0 it is turned up below as if by fire Possible meanings are that (1) people made fires under the ground to break apart the rock. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below by the fires that the miners make” or (2) “turned” is a metaphor for changed. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below so much that it appears that it was destroyed by fire” +JOB 28 5 p8vk 0 it is turned up below as if by fire This could mean: (1) people made fires under the ground to break apart the rock. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below by the fires that the miners make” or (2) “turned” is a metaphor for changed. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below so much that it appears that it was destroyed by fire” JOB 28 5 mha5 0 it is turned The word “it” refers to the earth. JOB 28 6 c4dw 0 Its stones … its dust The word “its” refers to the earth. JOB 28 6 lw93 0 sapphires a rare and valuable blue gemstone @@ -1646,7 +1646,7 @@ JOB 28 21 j3u4 figs-activepassive 0 is kept hidden from the birds of the heaven JOB 28 22 y7e5 figs-personification 0 Destruction and Death say Here “Destruction” and “Death” are spoken of as if they are living things who can speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 28 23 qlj3 figs-metaphor 0 God understands the way to it; he knows its place Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a certain place. Alternate translation: “God knows how to find wisdom. He knows where it is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 24 q6zd 0 the very ends of the earth “the farthest places on the earth” -JOB 28 25 l7lk figs-metaphor 0 parceled out the waters by measure This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding (1) how much rain should be in each cloud or (2) how much water should be in each sea. Alternate translation: “decided how much water should be in each place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 28 25 l7lk figs-metaphor 0 parceled out the waters by measure This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding: (1) how much rain should be in each cloud or (2) how much water should be in each sea. Alternate translation: “decided how much water should be in each place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 26 qy1s 0 a path for the thunder “he decided how the thunder can be heard” or “he decided the path of the thunderstorm” JOB 28 28 l4bu figs-abstractnouns 0 See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom The abstract noun “fear” can be expressed with the verbs “fear” or “respect.” The abstract noun “wisdom” can be expressed with the word “wise.” Alternate translation: “Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 28 28 m7dq figs-metaphor 0 to depart from evil is understanding Here “depart from evil” means refusing to do evil things. The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1702,7 +1702,7 @@ JOB 30 2 dkd7 figs-rquestion 0 Indeed, the strength of their fathers’ hands, JOB 30 2 n58x figs-metaphor 0 men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished Their strength perishing is a metaphor that represents no longer being strong but weak. The phrase “mature age” refers to them being old. Alternate translation: “men who had become old and had no strength” or “men who had become old and weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 3 b5gi 0 They were thin from poverty and hunger The word “They” refers to the fathers of the young mockers. JOB 30 3 i6mn figs-abstractnouns 0 They were thin from poverty and hunger The abstract noun “poverty” can be expressed with the word “poor.” The abstract noun “hunger” can be expressed with the words “hungry” or “starving.” Alternate translation: “They were very thin because they were poor and starving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -JOB 30 3 j6n1 figs-metonymy 0 they gnawed at the dry ground Possible meanings are that (1) “dry ground” is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. Alternate translation: “they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground” or (2) “gnawed at the dried ground” is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JOB 30 3 j6n1 figs-metonymy 0 they gnawed at the dry ground This could mean: (1) “dry ground” is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. Alternate translation: “they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground” or (2) “gnawed at the dried ground” is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 30 4 dz4r 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers. JOB 30 4 lbt6 0 saltwort … bushes’ leaves … the roots of the broom tree These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better. JOB 30 4 c9mn 0 the roots of the broom tree were their food This could mean: (1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or (2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees. @@ -1776,7 +1776,7 @@ JOB 31 1 ka6e figs-metaphor 0 I have made a covenant with my eyes Job speaks of JOB 31 1 af9x figs-explicit 0 I have made a covenant with my eyes What job promised can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I made a promise that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” or “I promised that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 31 1 sxi9 figs-rquestion 0 how then should I look with desire on a virgin? Job uses this question to emphasize that he would never break his promise. Alternate translation: “So I certainly will not look with lust at a virgin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 31 2 p7x8 figs-metaphor 0 For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? Job speaks of God’s response to people’s behavior as if it were the portion of an inheritance that God gives. Alternate translation: “For how will God above respond to me? What will the Almighty on high do?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -JOB 31 2 ygr6 figs-rquestion 0 For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? Possible meanings are Job uses this question to emphasize (1) that God will not bless bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will not bless me.” or (2) that God will punish bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will certainly punish me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +JOB 31 2 ygr6 figs-rquestion 0 For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? Possible meanings are Job uses this question to emphasize: (1) that God will not bless bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will not bless me.” or (2) that God will punish bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will certainly punish me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 31 3 ia4n 0 General Information: Job continues speaking. JOB 31 4 vf6m figs-metaphor 0 Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? Here “my ways” and “my steps” are metaphors for Job’s behavior. Here “see my ways” and “count all my steps” are metaphors for knowing everything Job does. Job uses this question to emphasize that God does know all he does. Alternate translation: “Certainly God watches me and knows everything that I do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 31 4 n2eh figs-explicit 0 Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? Job may be implying that God should know that Job is righteous and does not deserve calamity and disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -2103,7 +2103,7 @@ JOB 36 12 q2nz figs-metaphor 0 they will perish by the sword Elihu speaks of a JOB 36 13 j1gi figs-metonymy 0 who are godless in heart Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. The phrase may indicate that the person stubbornly refuses to trust God. Alternate translation: “who refuse to trust in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 36 13 z1u5 figs-metaphor 0 store up their anger Elihu speaks of a person remaining angry as if that person stored up their anger like one would store up treasure. Alternate translation: “are always angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 13 a4sw figs-metaphor 0 even when God ties them up Elihu speaks of God disciplining people as if God were tying them up with ropes. Alternate translation: “even when God punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 36 14 ny42 0 their lives end among the cultic prostitutes Here “cultic prostitutes” refers to young men who served in pagan temples performing sexually immoral acts as part of their rituals. Possible meanings for this phrase are (1) the godless die because of their immoral behavior or (2) the godless die in shame and disgrace. +JOB 36 14 ny42 0 their lives end among the cultic prostitutes Here “cultic prostitutes” refers to young men who served in pagan temples performing sexually immoral acts as part of their rituals. This phrase could mean: (1) the godless die because of their immoral behavior or (2) the godless die in shame and disgrace. JOB 36 15 wt6t figs-metaphor 0 he opens their ears Elihu speaks of God causing a person to listen as if God were opening their ears. See how you translated this in [Job 36:10](../36/10.md). Alternate translation: “he causes them to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 16 h4g2 figs-metaphor 0 into a broad place where there is no hardship Elihu speaks of living without trouble as if it were being in a wide-open space where there were no hardships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 16 qjt9 figs-metaphor 0 where your table would be set with food full of fatness Elihu speaks of living prosperously as if it were having one’s table filled with the best foods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv b/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv index b6f65d46fd..c271568dc9 100644 --- a/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv +++ b/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ PSA 10 3 lk5v figs-abstractnouns 0 his deepest desires The noun “desires” c PSA 10 3 bcd9 0 the greedy “greedy people” PSA 10 4 nkz2 figs-genericnoun 0 The wicked man This refers here to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) PSA 10 4 es9w figs-metaphor 0 has a raised face A raised face represents pride or arrogance. Alternate translation: “has an arrogant attitude” or “is proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 10 4 je9x figs-metaphor 0 he does not seek God Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “he does not ask God for help” or “he does not think about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 10 4 je9x figs-metaphor 0 he does not seek God Here, seeking **God** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “he does not ask God for help” or “he does not think about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 10 5 h3lz 0 He is secure at all times “He is safe at all times.” He is not really safe, but he thinks that he is. PSA 10 5 ee2m figs-metaphor 0 your righteous decrees are too high for him Something that is hard to understand is spoken of as if it were too high to reach. Alternate translation: “he cannot understand your righteous decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 10 5 bbt7 translate-symaction 0 he snorts at all his enemies People snort at their enemies when they think that their enemies are weak and worthless. Alternate translation: “he thinks that all his enemies are weak and worthless” or “he sneers at all his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) @@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ PSA 18 39 t3xr figs-simile 0 put strength on me like a belt The Psalmist says t PSA 18 39 xyh3 figs-idiom 0 you put under me Here the Psalmist speaks of the defeat of his enemies as if he were standing on them. Alternate translation: “you defeat for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 18 39 xyp2 figs-idiom 0 those who rise up against me This refers to those who oppose the Psalmist. Alternate translation: “those who are my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 18 40 h5yv figs-metonymy 0 You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Alternate translation: “You gave me victory over my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 18 40 m3tx figs-metonymy 0 You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Possible images are (1) David could cut his enemies’ heads off at the neck or (2) David could put his foot down on his enemies’ necks or (3) David could see his enemies’ backs when they ran away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 18 40 m3tx figs-metonymy 0 You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Possible images are: (1) David could cut his enemies’ heads off at the neck or (2) David could put his foot down on his enemies’ necks or (3) David could see his enemies’ backs when they ran away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 18 40 gp8b 0 I annihilated those who hated me “I defeated those who hated me” or “I destroyed completely those who hated me” PSA 18 41 whl5 figs-idiom 0 but he did not answer them This means Yahweh did not provide any help. Alternate translation: “but he did not help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 18 42 tjm8 figs-simile 0 I beat them into fine pieces like dust before the wind The psalmists enemies are compared to dust to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ PSA 20 8 e7uq figs-exclusive 0 we will rise Here “we” refers to the writer PSA 20 8 q1tp figs-activepassive 0 They will be brought down and fall The word “They” refers to the people who trust in chariots and horses. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bring them down and make them fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 20 8 g7uv figs-doublet 0 brought down and fall Both these verbs mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for losing in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 20 8 y7lr figs-doublet 0 we will rise and stand upright “we will get up and stand up straight.” These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -PSA 20 9 c5i4 0 Yahweh, rescue the king Possible interpretations are (1) the people ask God to protect the king or (2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person. +PSA 20 9 c5i4 0 Yahweh, rescue the king This could mean: (1) the people ask God to protect the king or (2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person. PSA 20 9 brk5 0 the king; help us when we call Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. Some translate it as the people speaking to Yahweh their king. Alternate translation: “King, help us when we call you” PSA 21 intro mq8x 0 # Psalm 021 General Notes
## Type of psalm

Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Pronouns
There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part. PSA 21 1 k12k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -593,18 +593,18 @@ PSA 21 6 v3m2 0 the joy of your presence “the joy of being in your presence PSA 21 7 mbf3 figs-abstractnouns 0 through the covenant faithfulness of the Most High The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because the Most High is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 21 7 j1gh figs-activepassive 0 he will not be moved This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will remove him as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 21 8 w7ck figs-metonymy 0 Your hand will seize Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “Your power will seize” or “You will powerfully seize” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 21 8 irz4 0 Your hand … hate you Possible meaning of all occurrences of “your” and “you” are (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God. +PSA 21 8 irz4 0 Your hand … hate you Possible meaning of all occurrences of **your** and **you** are: (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God. PSA 21 8 yew7 figs-parallelism 0 your right hand will seize those who hate you This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. It emphasizes that God will give the king the power to stop his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 21 9 lmc9 0 At the time of your anger “When you are angry and begin to act” -PSA 21 9 hhy3 0 your anger … you will burn The words “your” and “you” refers to either (1) God or (2) the king. +PSA 21 9 hhy3 0 your anger … you will burn The words **your** and **you** refers to either: (1) God or (2) the king. PSA 21 9 xdq2 figs-metaphor 0 you will burn them up as in a fiery furnace Yahweh or the king destroying their enemies is spoken of as if their enemies are wood and Yahweh or the king will throw them into a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 21 9 fc6d figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh will consume them in his wrath, and the fire will devour them Both clauses mean basically the same thing. Yahweh completely destroying his enemies is spoken of as if his wrath is a fire that completely burns up his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 21 10 wsu5 0 You will destroy The word “you” refers to either (1) God or (2) the king. +PSA 21 10 wsu5 0 You will destroy The word **you** refers to either: (1) God or (2) the king. PSA 21 10 i3zy figs-parallelism 0 from the earth … from among the human race Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that absolutely none of their enemies will survive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 21 11 fhu8 0 they intended “they planned.” The word “they” refers to the enemies of God and the king. PSA 21 11 z63c 0 evil against you “to do evil things to you” PSA 21 11 h29d 0 they conceived a plot “they made a plan” or “they created a scheme” -PSA 21 12 bsd1 figs-metaphor 0 For you will turn them back; you will draw your bow before them Possible meanings for “you” and “your” are (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God and speak about him as if he were a warrior with a bow and arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 21 12 bsd1 figs-metaphor 0 For you will turn them back; you will draw your bow before them Possible meanings for **your** and **you** are: (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God and speak about him as if he were a warrior with a bow and arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 21 12 ti25 figs-idiom 0 you will turn them back This is a way of saying that God and the king will defeat their enemies in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 21 12 ge87 figs-explicit 0 you will draw your bow before them This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 21 13 aul7 0 Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength This could mean: (1) “Yahweh, show us that you are very strong” or (2) “Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you” @@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ PSA 22 14 k6ki 0 within my inner parts “inside of me” PSA 22 15 fpb6 figs-simile 0 My strength has dried up like a piece of pottery The writer speaks about feeling weak as if his strength were like a dry piece of pottery that can easily break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PSA 22 15 w7be 0 piece of pottery an object made of baked clay that can be used in the house PSA 22 15 g95x figs-metaphor 0 my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth “my tongue sticks to the top of my mouth.” The writer may be describing his extreme thirst. Or he may be continuing to speak about being weak as if he were completely dry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 22 15 z793 figs-metaphor 0 You have laid me in the dust of death Possible meanings for “dust of death” are (1) it refers to a person turning to dust after they die. Alternate translation: “You are about to let me die and become dust” or (2) it is a way of speaking about the grave, which would mean God is causing the writer to die. Alternate translation: “You have laid me in my grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 22 15 z793 figs-metaphor 0 You have laid me in the dust of death Possible meanings for **dust of death** are: (1) it refers to a person turning to dust after they die. Alternate translation: “You are about to let me die and become dust” or (2) it is a way of speaking about the grave, which would mean God is causing the writer to die. Alternate translation: “You have laid me in my grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 22 15 m487 figs-you 0 You have laid me The “you” is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) PSA 22 16 un7f figs-metaphor 0 dogs have surrounded me The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs. His enemies are coming close to him like wild dogs do to a dying animal. Alternate translation: “my enemies are like dogs that have surrounded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 22 16 np5i 0 a company of evildoers “a group of evildoers” or “a gang of evildoers” @@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ PSA 23 5 hh1r 0 anointed my head with oil People sometimes put oil on their gu PSA 23 5 w1iw figs-idiom 0 my cup runs over Here a cup of wine that overflows represents many blessings. Alternate translation: “You fill my cup so much that it overflows” or “You give me many blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 23 6 y8zc figs-metaphor 0 Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will pursue me Yahweh being good and faithful to a person is spoken of as if goodness and covenant faithfulness are things that pursue after a person. The abstract nouns “goodness” and “faithfulness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “Surely you will be good and faithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 23 6 ep2g figs-abstractnouns 0 all the days of my life The abstract noun “life” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -PSA 23 6 u2bl 0 the house of Yahweh Possible meanings are that (1) this refers to Yahweh’s eternal home, or (2) this refers to Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood. +PSA 23 6 u2bl 0 the house of Yahweh This could mean: (1) this refers to Yahweh’s eternal home, or (2) this refers to Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood. PSA 23 6 u53m figs-idiom 0 for the length of my days This idiom refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 24 intro cw5j 0 # Psalm 024 General Notes
## Type of psalm

Psalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Righteous people
Only the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Rhetorical Questions
The psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 24 1 nne9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ PSA 26 10 g7rx 0 a plot “a wicked plan” PSA 26 11 qm5d 0 But as for me This phrase shows that the writer is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself. PSA 26 11 vu5m figs-metaphor 0 I will walk in integrity “Walk” here is a metaphor for behavior. Alternate translation: “I will behave with integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 26 12 xe4n figs-synecdoche 0 My foot stands Here “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PSA 26 12 apj3 figs-metaphor 0 level ground Possible meanings are that “level ground” represents (1) a safe place or (2) right behavior (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 26 12 apj3 figs-metaphor 0 level ground Here, **level ground** could mean: (1) a safe place or (2) right behavior (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 26 12 p8c6 0 in the assemblies will I bless Yahweh “when I gather with the people of Israel I will praise you” PSA 27 intro ru1e 0 # Psalm 027 General Notes
## Type of psalm

Psalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Yahweh’s help
Because of God’s help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help. PSA 27 1 cx3f writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ PSA 27 12 ez4n figs-metaphor 0 they breathe out violence Here violence is spoke PSA 27 13 ts3j figs-rquestion 0 What would have happened to me This rhetorical question can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Something bad would have happened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 27 13 c72l figs-abstractnouns 0 the goodness of Yahweh The abstract noun “goodness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the good things that Yahweh does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 27 13 wld8 figs-idiom 0 in the land of the living This refers to being alive. Alternate translation: “while I am alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -PSA 27 14 g4pq 0 Wait for Yahweh … Wait for Yahweh! This verse may be (1) the writer speaking to himself or (2) the writer speaking to others or (3) someone speaking to the writer. +PSA 27 14 g4pq 0 Wait for Yahweh … Wait for Yahweh! This verse may be: (1) the writer speaking to himself or (2) the writer speaking to others or (3) someone speaking to the writer. PSA 27 14 m8gs figs-synecdoche 0 let your heart be courageous Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “be courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 27 14 yng1 0 Wait for Yahweh! This line is repeated at the end of the psalm as a way of ending the psalm. PSA 28 intro a18t 0 # Psalm 028 General Notes
## Type of psalm

Psalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Trust
The psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) @@ -1366,7 +1366,7 @@ PSA 38 14 ir1x 0 has no reply The writer does not speak evil words to or about PSA 38 15 px8y 0 you will answer This could mean: (1) “you will answer me” or (2) “you will answer my enemies.” PSA 38 16 gan3 0 will not gloat over me “will not delight over my trouble” PSA 38 16 bq5f figs-synecdoche 0 If my foot slips Here “my foot” represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer’s troubles and misfortunes. Alternate translation: “If I make mistakes that cause me trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 38 17 s48p figs-metaphor 0 I am about to stumble Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) “I am so sick that I am about to die” or (2) “I will soon be ruined.” It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 38 17 s48p figs-metaphor 0 I am about to stumble This metaphor could mean: (1) “I am so sick that I am about to die” or (2) “I will soon be ruined.” It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 38 17 sbz5 0 I am in constant pain “I am always in pain” PSA 38 19 ie1w figs-parallelism 0 But my enemies are numerous … are many These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 38 20 ca7b figs-metaphor 0 They repay me evil for good The actions of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as a financial transaction where they gave him evil things in exchange for good things. The abstract nouns “evil” and “good” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “They do evil thing to me after I was good to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -1619,7 +1619,7 @@ PSA 45 4 ij55 0 fearful things “awesome deeds.” This refers to military vi PSA 45 5 k74n 0 the peoples fall under you This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. This could mean: (1) “the peoples fall at your feet in surrender” or (2) “the peoples fall dead at your feet.” PSA 45 5 zn7a 0 your arrows are in the hearts of the king’s enemies “your arrows have pierced the hearts of your enemies.” The writer speaks to the king while referring to the king in the third person. PSA 45 6 d479 figs-metonymy 0 Your throne … is forever and ever The word “throne” represents the kingdom and rule of the king. Alternate translation: “Your kingdom … is forever and ever” or “You will reign … forever and ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 45 6 mh74 0 Your throne, God Possible meanings are that the word “God” (1) is a title for the king, who is God’s representative or (2) modifies the word “throne” and means “Your kingdom that God has given you.” +PSA 45 6 mh74 0 Your throne, God Possible meanings are that the word **God**: (1) is a title for the king, who is God’s representative or (2) modifies the word “throne” and means “Your kingdom that God has given you.” PSA 45 6 h2tn figs-metonymy 0 a scepter of justice is the scepter of your kingdom The word “scepter” represents the king’s authority to rule his kingdom. Alternate translation: “you rule your kingdom with justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 45 7 w1rj figs-metaphor 0 God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness The writer speaks of gladness as if it were an oil that God used to anoint the king. That God has anointed him is a symbolic action that represents God’s choosing him to be king. Alternate translation: “when God appointed you as king, he made you very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) PSA 45 8 s741 0 General Information: Here the writer begins to describe what appears to be the wedding ceremony of the king and his bride. @@ -1694,8 +1694,8 @@ PSA 47 5 y2zq figs-metaphor 0 God has gone up with a shout The writer speaks of PSA 47 5 z2zz figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh with the sound of a trumpet This phrase parallels the previous phrase. The verb may be supplied for clarity. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has gone up as people blew trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 47 6 wn5w figs-parallelism 0 Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises The phrase “sing praises” is repeated for emphasis. You may omit the repetition if it is awkward in your language. Alternate translation: “Sing, sing praises to God; sing, sing praises to our King” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 47 9 vxi7 0 The princes of the peoples “The rulers of all the nations” -PSA 47 9 kg5b 0 gathered together to the people Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations (1) “gather in front of the people” or (2) “gathered together with the people” so that all may worship God as king. -PSA 47 9 eew2 figs-metaphor 0 the shields of the earth belong to God Possible meanings are that “shields” (1) refers to instruments of war. Alternate translation: “God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth” or (2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. Alternate translation: “the kings of the earth are subject to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 47 9 kg5b 0 gathered together to the people Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations: (1) “gather in front of the people” or (2) “gathered together with the people” so that all may worship God as king. +PSA 47 9 eew2 figs-metaphor 0 the shields of the earth belong to God Possible meanings are that **shields**: (1) refers to instruments of war. Alternate translation: “God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth” or (2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. Alternate translation: “the kings of the earth are subject to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 48 intro wfx3 0 # Psalm 048 General Notes
## Type of psalm

Psalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Jerusalem
Jerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])

It is helpful to know that “Mount Zion” is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem. PSA 48 1 s5c1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God’s dwelling place. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 48 1 az4y figs-activepassive 0 greatly to be praised This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “people are to praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1703,7 +1703,7 @@ PSA 48 1 az2x 0 the city of our God on his holy mountain This is a reference t PSA 48 1 dj9j 0 the city of our God This could mean: (1) “the city where our God lives” or (2) “the city that belongs to our God” PSA 48 2 nl3f 0 Beautiful in elevation “Beautiful and high.” The word “elevation” refers to how high mount Zion is. PSA 48 2 y3e3 figs-metonymy 0 the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion Here the word “earth” refers to everyone living on the earth. The word “joy” may be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Mount Zion gives joy to everyone on earth” or “everyone on earth rejoices because of Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -PSA 48 2 r8gx 0 on the sides of the north Possible meanings are that this phrase (1) refers to the direction of the north or (2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning “the mountain of God.” +PSA 48 2 r8gx 0 on the sides of the north Possible meanings are that this phrase: (1) refers to the direction of the north or (2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning “the mountain of God.” PSA 48 3 qb5z figs-metaphor 0 God has made himself known in her palaces as a refuge The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “God has made himself known as one who gives safety to the people in Mount Zion’s palaces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 48 4 lw4p 0 see The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. PSA 48 4 fnx9 figs-metonymy 0 assembled themselves Here the kings represent their armies. Alternate translation: “assembled their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1714,7 +1714,7 @@ PSA 48 6 xy4p figs-personification 0 Trembling took hold of them there The writ PSA 48 6 ees5 figs-metaphor 0 pain as when a woman is in labor The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were the pain that a woman experiences in childbirth and speaks of that pain as if it were a person. The verb may be supplied from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor” or “they became afraid, like a woman is afraid of experiencing labor pains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 48 7 e8iv figs-metaphor 0 With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. Alternate translation: “They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind” or (2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God’s great power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) PSA 48 7 qp44 0 the east wind This could mean: (1) “a wind blowing from the east” or (2) “a strong wind.” -PSA 48 7 n4q7 0 the ships of Tarshish Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or (2) any large ocean-going ship. +PSA 48 7 n4q7 0 the ships of Tarshish This could mean: (1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or (2) any large ocean-going ship. PSA 48 8 b3ds figs-explicit 0 As we have heard It is implied that what they have heard is the great things that God has done in the past. Alternate translation: “As we have heard about the great things that God has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 48 8 g7aa figs-explicit 0 so have we seen This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. Alternate translation: “so we have seen God do great things now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 48 8 pr7i figs-parallelism 0 in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God Both of these phrases refer to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -1822,7 +1822,7 @@ PSA 51 1 ia5j 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or PSA 51 1 sf45 figs-explicit 0 when Nathan the prophet came to him It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. Alternate translation: “when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 51 1 dlr2 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of your covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 51 1 pm2w 0 for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions “because you do so many merciful things” -PSA 51 1 jan2 figs-metaphor 0 blot out my transgressions Forgiving sins is spoken of as either (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 51 1 jan2 figs-metaphor 0 blot out my transgressions Forgiving sins is spoken of as either: (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 51 2 rtj9 figs-parallelism 0 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity … cleanse me from my sin These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 51 2 q5ks figs-metaphor 0 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. Alternate translation: “Wash away all my sin” or “Forgive all my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 51 2 h3by 0 thoroughly completely, totally @@ -1832,7 +1832,7 @@ PSA 51 4 t9px figs-metaphor 0 what is evil in your sight The word “sight” h PSA 51 5 j8f9 figs-metaphor 0 I was born in iniquity Being a sinner is spoken of as being in iniquity. Alternate translation: “I was already a sinner when I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 51 5 i2cz figs-metaphor 0 as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin Being a sinner is spoken of as being in sin. Alternate translation: “even when my mother conceived me, I was a sinner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 51 6 w9f4 0 See, you desire trustworthiness The use of “See” here draw our attention to the contrast between this sentence and “See, I was born in iniquity” (verse 5). “Truly I was born in iniquity … But you desire trustworthiness” -PSA 51 6 kqg1 figs-metonymy 0 you desire trustworthiness in my inner self The “inner self” represents either (1) the person’s desires or (2) the whole person. Alternate translation: “you want me to desire trustworthiness” or “you want me to be trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +PSA 51 6 kqg1 figs-metonymy 0 you desire trustworthiness in my inner self The **inner self** represents either: (1) the person’s desires or (2) the whole person. Alternate translation: “you want me to desire trustworthiness” or “you want me to be trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 51 7 fc52 figs-metaphor 0 Purify me … I will be clean … wash me … I will be whiter than snow Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean or white. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 51 7 v7q2 figs-metaphor 0 Purify me with hyssop The writer speaks of God as if God were a priest who would sprinkle water on him to make him acceptable to God. Alternate translation: “Make me acceptable by sprinkling water on me with hyssop” or “Forgive me for my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 51 7 im87 translate-unknown 0 hyssop This is a plant that the priests used to sprinkle water or blood on people or things to make them ceremonially clean, that is, acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) @@ -1840,7 +1840,7 @@ PSA 51 7 l5n6 figs-simile 0 whiter than snow Not having sin is spoken of as bei PSA 51 8 g7v8 figs-doublet 0 joy and gladness These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize his desire to hear joyful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 51 8 p4ef figs-metaphor 0 so that the bones that you have broken may rejoice Feeling terrible sadness is spoken of as if his bones were broken. Alternate translation: “for you have caused me terrible sadness in my inner being. Let me rejoice again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 51 9 gs6c figs-metaphor 0 Hide your face from my sins Thinking about someone’s sins is spoken of as seeing them. Forgiving or refusing to think about the sins is spoken of as choosing not to see them. Alternate translation: “Do not look at my sins” or “Do not remember my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 51 9 b3jc figs-metaphor 0 blot out all my iniquities Forgiving or refusing to think about someone’s sins is spoken of as either (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: (1) “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or (2) “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 51 9 b3jc figs-metaphor 0 blot out all my iniquities Here, forgiving or refusing to think about someone’s sins could mean: (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: (1) “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or (2) “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 51 10 q6ng figs-metonymy 0 Create in me a clean heart Here the “heart” represents the feelings and desires. Being completely devoted and obedient to God is spoken of as having a clean heart. Alternate translation: “Make me completely devoted to you” or “Make me want to obey you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 51 10 bn5a figs-metonymy 0 renew a right spirit within me Here “spirit” represents the attitude and desires of a David. Alternate translation: “make my attitude right” or “make me always want to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 51 11 v6gj figs-metaphor 0 Do not drive me away from your presence “Do not force me to go away from you.” Being rejected by God is spoken of as being forced to go away from him. Alternate translation: “Do not reject me as one of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1956,7 +1956,7 @@ PSA 55 15 wv2z figs-metaphor 0 wickedness is where they live Wickedness is spok PSA 55 15 ngt3 figs-metaphor 0 right among them This phrase intensifies the idea of wickedness being very near them. Here wickedness is spoken of as being not only in their homes, but right where they are. Alternate translation: “They always do wicked things wherever they are” or “wherever they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 55 16 v37m 0 As for me This phrase shows that the writer has stopped talking about one thing and is now about to talk about himself. Alternate translation: “But I” PSA 55 17 wtr4 0 moan the sound people and animals make when they are in pain -PSA 55 17 jq8f figs-synecdoche 0 he will hear my voice Here “voice” represents either (1) the psalmist or (2) the psalmist’s complaints and moans. Alternate translation: “he will hear me” or “he will hear my moaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 55 17 jq8f figs-synecdoche 0 he will hear my voice Here, **voice** represents either: (1) the psalmist or (2) the psalmist’s complaints and moans. Alternate translation: “he will hear me” or “he will hear my moaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 55 18 g4qm figs-metonymy 0 my life Here “my life” represents the psalmist. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 55 18 t38c 0 for those who fought against me were many “for many people fought against me” PSA 55 19 hz58 0 will hear them “will hear my enemies” or “will hear what my enemies say.” Some versions say “will hear me.” @@ -2223,7 +2223,7 @@ PSA 64 1 j144 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to PSA 64 1 y5d6 0 preserve save PSA 64 2 aj26 figs-metonymy 0 Hide me from the secret plotting of evildoers Here “Hide” represents protecting, and “the secret plotting of evildoers represents” represents the harm that evildoers secretly plan to do to David. Alternate translation: “Protect me from the harm that evil doers secretly plan to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 64 2 czb5 figs-ellipsis 0 from the commotion The words “hide me” are understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “hide me from the commotion” or “protect me from the commotion”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -PSA 64 2 u721 0 the commotion of the doers of iniquity Possible meanings are that “commotion” refers to (1) a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy disturbance that the doers of iniquity make” or (2) a crowd that makes a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy crowd of doers of iniquity” +PSA 64 2 u721 0 the commotion of the doers of iniquity Here, **commotion** could mean: (1) a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy disturbance that the doers of iniquity make” or (2) a crowd that makes a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy crowd of doers of iniquity” PSA 64 3 zhn8 figs-simile 0 They have sharpened their tongues like swords The writer speaks of his enemies’ tongues as if they were as sharp as swords. Here “tongues” represents the harsh words that the enemies speak. Alternate translation: “The harsh things that they say hurt me like a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 64 3 ugs8 figs-metaphor 0 arrows, bitter words The writer speaks of his enemies’ bitter words as if they were arrows being shot at him. Alternate translation: “bitter words which pierce me like arrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 64 5 blg6 figs-rquestion 0 Who will see us? The evildoers do not expect an answer to their question because they think no one will see them. Alternate translation: “No one will see what we are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -2422,7 +2422,7 @@ PSA 69 5 c1z9 figs-litotes 0 my sins are not hidden from you This can be expres PSA 69 6 l21p 0 Let not those … let not those “Do not let those … do not let those” PSA 69 6 d5j2 figs-activepassive 0 Let not those who hope in you be put to shame because of me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Please do not allow anyone to put those who wait for you to shame because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 69 6 ana6 figs-activepassive 0 let not those who seek you be brought to dishonor because of me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Please do not allow anyone to bring dishonor on those who seek you because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PSA 69 6 djs5 figs-metaphor 0 those who seek you Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: (1) “those who ask you for help” or (2) “those who worship and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 69 6 djs5 figs-metaphor 0 those who seek you Here, seeking **God** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: (1) “those who ask you for help” or (2) “those who worship and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 69 7 se7t 0 For your sake “On your behalf” or “For you” PSA 69 7 td6l figs-metaphor 0 I have borne rebuke The rebukes of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he has had to carry. Alternate translation: “I have endured the insults of my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 69 7 l47r figs-metaphor 0 shame has covered my face The writer speaks of the shame that he feels as if it is a foul thing on his face that everyone can clearly see. Alternate translation: “I am thoroughly humiliated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -2485,7 +2485,7 @@ PSA 69 30 bl7i figs-abstractnouns 0 with thanksgiving This abstract noun can be PSA 69 31 q988 figs-explicit 0 better than an ox or a bull It is understood that the ox and the bull are to be offered to God as sacrifices. Alternate translation: “better than sacrificing an ox or sacrificing a bull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 69 31 axd8 figs-distinguish 0 a bull that has horns and hooves This phrase distinguishes the full grown bulls from other younger cows. Alternate translation: “a bull that is full grown with horns and hooves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) PSA 69 32 b8xa figs-nominaladj 0 The meek This refers to meek people in general. Alternate translation: “Meek people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -PSA 69 32 ky6t figs-metaphor 0 you who seek after God Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “you who ask God for help” or “you who think about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 69 32 ky6t figs-metaphor 0 you who seek after God Seeking **God** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “you who ask God for help” or “you who think about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 69 32 i99y figs-synecdoche 0 let your hearts live Here “hearts” refer to the people. Here “live” is an idiom that means to be encouraged. Alternate translation: “may you be encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) PSA 69 33 arn6 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh hears Here “hears” means to respond. Alternate translation: “Yahweh answers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 69 33 ij3h figs-nominaladj 0 the needy This refers to needy people in general. Alternate translation: “needy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) @@ -2505,7 +2505,7 @@ PSA 70 2 l7y2 figs-activepassive 0 be ashamed and humiliated This can be stated PSA 70 2 sxa6 figs-activepassive 0 let them be turned back and brought to dishonor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God turn them around and make them ashamed for what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 70 2 g5lq figs-metaphor 0 turned back To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. Alternate translation: “stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 70 3 b66b 0 those who say, “Aha, aha.” This is an expression of mocking laughter. You may replace “Aha, aha” with whatever laughing sounds like in your language. Alternate translation: “those who mock and laugh at me” -PSA 70 4 hi48 figs-metaphor 0 seek you Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “ask you for help” or “think about you and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 70 4 hi48 figs-metaphor 0 seek you Seeking **God** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “ask you for help” or “think about you and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 70 4 fiv4 figs-doublet 0 rejoice and be glad These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “rejoice greatly” or “be very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 70 4 k76h figs-abstractnouns 0 love your salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 70 4 ymr2 figs-hyperbole 0 always say This exaggeration emphasizes that it is important to praise God often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) @@ -2579,7 +2579,7 @@ PSA 71 24 mf6u 0 they have been put to shame and are confused, those who sough PSA 71 24 h4mq figs-activepassive 0 for they have been put to shame and are confused This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for God has put to shame and confused them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 71 24 kz4y 0 those who sought my hurt This refers to the enemies of the writer. ([Psalms 71:10](../071/010.md)). See how “those who seek my hurt” is translated in [Psalms 71:13](./013.md). PSA 72 intro h1hi 0 # Psalm 072 General Notes
## Type of psalm

Psalm 72 is a psalm for the king when he begins to be the king. David wrote it as a blessing on his son, Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Blessings for the king
May the king be honored throughout the world. May he help the poor. May there be prosperity while he is king.

### Close of Book Two
The whole collection of Psalms has been divided into several “books.” This is the last psalm of the second book. It is attributed to Solomon, the son of David. -PSA 72 1 u47g writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. Possible meanings for the header “a psalm of Solomon” are (1) David wrote this psalm about Solomon (“the king’s son”) or (2) Solomon (who, as David’s son, was “the king’s son”) wrote this psalm as a prayer about himself or (3) another king wrote it about his son in the style of Solomon. People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +PSA 72 1 u47g writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. Possible meanings for the header **a psalm of Solomon** are: (1) David wrote this psalm about Solomon (“the king’s son”) or (2) Solomon (who, as David’s son, was “the king’s son”) wrote this psalm as a prayer about himself or (3) another king wrote it about his son in the style of Solomon. People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) PSA 72 1 sep9 figs-123person 0 Give the king your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to the king’s son This could mean: (1) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to my son” or (2) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to me, the king’s son.” People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) PSA 72 1 vw1m 0 Give the king your righteous decrees “Enable the king to judge rightly” PSA 72 1 p2xg figs-ellipsis 0 your righteousness to the king’s son The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Here the word “righteousness” refers to making righteous decisions. Alternate translation: “give your righteousness to the king’s son” or “enable the king’s son to rule with righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) @@ -2970,7 +2970,7 @@ PSA 78 67 wl1g 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what Go PSA 78 67 rr45 figs-metonymy 0 the tent of Joseph Here the word “tent” is a metonym for a family. In this phrase it refers to the descendants of Joseph. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 78 67 fzh7 0 Joseph … Ephraim Ephraim was Joseph’s son. PSA 78 68 as8e 0 Judah … Mount Zion Mount Zion was in the land where the tribe of Judah lived. -PSA 78 69 dkr9 figs-simile 0 He built his sanctuary like the heavens Possible meanings for this simile are (1) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as high as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary high, like the heavens” or (2) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as permanent as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the heavens last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +PSA 78 69 dkr9 figs-simile 0 He built his sanctuary like the heavens This simile could mean: (1) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as high as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary high, like the heavens” or (2) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as permanent as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the heavens last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PSA 78 69 bq5q figs-ellipsis 0 like the earth The verb may be supplied from the previous line. The writer compares the permanence of Yahweh’s sanctuary to the permanence of the earth. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the earth lasts permanently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PSA 78 70 w3bv 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did PSA 78 70 c6qm figs-explicit 0 from the sheepfolds “from where he was working in the sheepfolds” [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] @@ -3511,10 +3511,10 @@ PSA 92 9 dk5v figs-activepassive 0 All those who do evil will be scattered This PSA 92 9 l7k2 0 will be scattered Many texts read, “have been scattered.” PSA 92 9 g3wa 0 be scattered “driven away” PSA 92 10 e26g figs-metonymy 0 You have lifted up my horn like the horn of the wild ox The psalmist speaks of God as if he had made him as strong as a wild animal. Here his “horn” represents his strength. Alternate translation: “You have made me as strong as a wild ox” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -PSA 92 10 gid3 figs-metaphor 0 I am anointed with fresh oil Possible meanings are that the oil that God has put on the psalmist is a metaphor for God (1) making him happy “you have made me very happy” or (2) making him strong, “you have made me strong” or (3) enabling him to defeat his enemies, “you have enabled me to defeat my enemies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 92 10 gid3 figs-metaphor 0 I am anointed with fresh oil Possible meanings are that the oil that God has put on the psalmist is a metaphor for God: (1) making him happy “you have made me very happy” or (2) making him strong, “you have made me strong” or (3) enabling him to defeat his enemies, “you have enabled me to defeat my enemies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 92 11 kpw5 figs-synecdoche 0 My eyes have seen the downfall of my enemies; my ears have heard of the doom of my evil foes The words “eyes” and “ears” are synecdoches for the person who sees and hears. The lines may be combined. Alternate translation: “I have seen and heard of the defeat of my evil enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PSA 92 12 q7cc figs-simile 0 The righteous will flourish like the palm tree Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy palm tree because they will (1) be strong or (2) live for long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -PSA 92 12 dyq1 figs-simile 0 they will grow like a cedar in Lebanon Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy cedar tree growing in the land of Lebanon because (1) they will be strong or (2) people will honor them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +PSA 92 12 q7cc figs-simile 0 The righteous will flourish like the palm tree Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy palm tree because they will: (1) be strong or (2) live for long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +PSA 92 12 dyq1 figs-simile 0 they will grow like a cedar in Lebanon Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy cedar tree growing in the land of Lebanon because: (1) they will be strong or (2) people will honor them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PSA 92 13 lk33 figs-activepassive 0 They are planted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has planted them” or “Yahweh takes care of them as if they were trees he had planted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 92 13 sh46 figs-metaphor 0 in the house of Yahweh … in the courts of our God The psalmist speaks of people who truly worship God as if they were trees growing in Yahweh’s house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 92 13 g7gv figs-metaphor 0 they flourish The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were healthy trees. Alternate translation: “they are growing well” or “they are very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -3594,7 +3594,7 @@ PSA 95 1 qaf5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in He PSA 95 1 gv24 figs-metaphor 0 the rock of our salvation The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were a mountain the people could climb so they would be safe. See how “rock” and “of my salvation” are translated in [Psalms 18:46](../018/046.md). Alternate translation: “the rock where we can go and God will save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 95 2 q5qb figs-metaphor 0 enter his presence The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. Alternate translation: “go to where he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 95 2 g5i4 0 with thanksgiving “thanking him as we enter his presence” -PSA 95 3 ufc9 0 superior to all gods Possible meanings are that Yahweh is a great king (1) “who rules over all other gods,” or (2) “who is much better than all gods.” +PSA 95 3 ufc9 0 superior to all gods Possible meanings are that Yahweh is a great king: (1) “who rules over all other gods,” or (2) “who is much better than all gods.” PSA 95 4 j19t figs-idiom 0 In his hand This is an idiom which means “in his control” or “he is responsible for.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 95 4 gf4l 0 depths deep places PSA 95 4 bx51 0 heights high places @@ -4247,7 +4247,7 @@ PSA 112 9 d44a figs-activepassive 0 he will be exalted with honor This can be s PSA 112 10 rn5k 0 will see this “will see that things go well for the godly person.” The word “this” refers to everything good that the writer has described in the previous verses about the godly person. PSA 112 10 c3ev translate-symaction 0 he will grind his teeth in rage The grinding of teeth is an expression of extreme anger. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 35:16](../035/016.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) PSA 112 10 xx9c figs-metaphor 0 melt away The writer speaks of the wicked person’s eventual death as if that person were something, such as ice, that can melt. Alternate translation: “eventually die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 112 10 ig26 figs-metonymy 0 the desire of the wicked people will perish Possible meanings of “desire” are (1) the emotional desire that wicked people have. Alternate translation: “the things that wicked people want to do will never happen” or (2) it is a metonym for the things that wicked people have desired. Alternate translation: “wicked people will lose the things that they desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 112 10 ig26 figs-metonymy 0 the desire of the wicked people will perish Here, **desire** could mean: (1) the emotional desire that wicked people have. Alternate translation: “the things that wicked people want to do will never happen” or (2) it is a metonym for the things that wicked people have desired. Alternate translation: “wicked people will lose the things that they desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 113 intro p4uj 0 # Psalm 113 General Notes
## Type of psalm

Psalm 113 is a psalm of praise to God for his goodness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Yahweh’s help
God helps the poor and gives children to the wife who cannot conceive children. PSA 113 1 qx3m writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 113 1 pvw9 figs-metonymy 0 the name of Yahweh Here the word “name” represents Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -4265,7 +4265,7 @@ PSA 114 intro vu9f 0 # Psalm 114 General Notes
## Type of psalm

Psa PSA 114 1 eph8 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 114 1 d4dj figs-parallelism 0 When Israel left Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language These two lines are parallel, with “Israel” and “the house of Jacob” meaning the same thing and “Egypt” and “that foreign people” referring to the same people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 114 1 trv6 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language The word “house” here represents the family or descendents. The verb may be supplied to this phrase. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob left people who spoke a language that the descendants of Jacob did not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -PSA 114 2 rxv7 figs-metonymy 0 Judah became his holy place, Israel his kingdom Possible meanings for “Judah” and “Israel” are (1) they refer to the land. Alternate translation: “The land of Judah became Yahweh’s holy place, the land of Israel became his kingdom” or (2) they are metonyms for the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah became those among whom Yahweh lived, the people of Israel became those over whom he ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +PSA 114 2 rxv7 figs-metonymy 0 Judah became his holy place, Israel his kingdom Possible meanings for **Judah** and **Israel** are: (1) they refer to the land. Alternate translation: “The land of Judah became Yahweh’s holy place, the land of Israel became his kingdom” or (2) they are metonyms for the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah became those among whom Yahweh lived, the people of Israel became those over whom he ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 114 3 pq6x figs-personification 0 The sea looked and fled The writer speaks of the Sea of Reeds as if it were a person who fled away as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. Alternate translation: “It was as though the sea looked and fled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 114 3 wht9 figs-personification 0 the Jordan turned back The writer speaks of the Jordan River as if it were a person who retreated as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. Alternate translation: “it was as though the Jordan retreated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 114 4 hr5q figs-personification 0 The mountains skipped like rams, the hills skipped like lambs The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. Alternate translation: “It was as if the mountains shook like jumping rams and the hills shook like jumping lambs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -4294,7 +4294,7 @@ PSA 115 10 fa9s figs-metonymy 0 House of Aaron Here the word “House” repres PSA 115 12 sbd2 0 takes notice of us “has paid attention to us” PSA 115 12 bns5 figs-metonymy 0 the family of Israel This refers to the people of Israel, who are descendants of Jacob, who also called Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 115 12 bu8h figs-metonymy 0 the family of Aaron This refers to the priests, who are descendants of Aaron. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron” or “the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 115 13 j4vy figs-merism 0 both young and old “both small and great.” Possible meanings are that this refers (1) to social status or (2) to age. In either case, the two extremes represent every person, regardless of age or social status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +PSA 115 13 j4vy figs-merism 0 both young and old “both small and great.” Possible meanings are that this refers: (1) to social status or (2) to age. In either case, the two extremes represent every person, regardless of age or social status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) PSA 115 14 fg71 figs-explicit 0 May Yahweh increase your numbers more and more The writer is speaking of the number of children that the people of Israel would have. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh increase the number of your children more and more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 115 14 ezp4 0 yours and your descendants’ “both your children and your descendants’ children.” The writer clarifies that his request for more children applies not only to the present generation, but to their descendants, as well. PSA 115 15 psd5 figs-activepassive 0 May you be blessed by Yahweh, who made heaven and earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh, who made heaven and earth, bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -4421,13 +4421,13 @@ PSA 119 18 d25d figs-metaphor 0 marvelous things in your law The author speaks PSA 119 18 a35a 0 in your law “in your instructions” or “in your commands” PSA 119 19 att5 figs-metaphor 0 I am a foreigner in the land This could mean: (1) the writers speaks of his short life on earth as if he were a foreigner who would not stay long in the land. Alternate translation: “I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land” or (2) the writer’s ignorance of God’s law as if he were a foreigner who did not know the laws of the land. Alternate translation: “I am ignorant like a foreigner in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 20 y84c figs-metaphor 0 My desires are crushed by the longing The writer speaks of his desires being very strong as if they were in pain. Alternate translation: “My inner being strongly desires to know” or “My soul aches because I want so much to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 119 21 r8y6 0 who are cursed Possible meanings are that (1) God will curse them or (2) they deserve God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “who deserve your punishment” +PSA 119 21 r8y6 0 who are cursed This could mean: (1) God will curse them or (2) they deserve God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “who deserve your punishment” PSA 119 21 k8t4 figs-metaphor 0 who wander from your commandments The writer speaks of disobeying God’s commandments as if they were a path that can be wandered off from. Alternate translation: “who go away from the path of your commandments” or “who disobey your commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 22 nqp7 0 Spare me from “Keep me from” or “Rescue me from” PSA 119 23 z9ci 0 Though rulers plot and slander me “Though rulers make plans to harm me and say bad things about me” PSA 119 24 pb1g 0 Your covenant decrees are my delight “Your covenant decrees make me very happy.” PSA 119 24 rta6 figs-personification 0 they are my counselors God’s decrees are spoken of as if they were people. Alternate translation: “they are like wise counselors to me” or “they give me wise counsel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -PSA 119 25 v3c7 figs-idiom 0 My life clings to the dust This is an idiom. Possible meanings are that (1) he thought that he would die soon, or (2) he lay in the dust because he was very sad, or (3) he realized that he desired the worthless things of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PSA 119 25 v3c7 figs-idiom 0 My life clings to the dust This is an idiom. Possible meanings are that: (1) he thought that he would die soon, or (2) he lay in the dust because he was very sad, or (3) he realized that he desired the worthless things of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 119 25 cn62 figs-idiom 0 Give me life by your word This is an idiom. Here “life” refers to purpose and significance, not just biological life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 119 25 ks95 0 by your word “according to your promise” PSA 119 26 u8j6 figs-metaphor 0 my ways What a person does or how he behaves is spoken of as if it were a road or way. Alternate translation: “what I have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -4622,7 +4622,7 @@ PSA 119 160 iir8 0 The essence of your word is truth “Your word is completel PSA 119 161 tq5i figs-synecdoche 0 my heart stands in awe of your word The psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could be amazed. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am amazed at your word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 119 162 n1dy 0 plunder This could mean: (1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or (2) things of great value or “treasure.” PSA 119 163 jx6a figs-doublet 0 hate and despise These two words mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “hate very strongly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -PSA 119 163 ue4r figs-metonymy 0 falsehood Possible meanings are this is a metonym for (1) “people who lie” or (2) “the false words that people say.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 119 163 ue4r figs-metonymy 0 falsehood Possible meanings are this is a metonym for: (1) “people who lie” or (2) “the false words that people say.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 119 165 fin9 0 nothing makes them stumble This could mean: (1) “nothing makes them do wrong” or (2) “nothing causes them trouble.” PSA 119 167 t7k7 0 I observe your solemn commands “I obey your solemn commands” PSA 119 167 iqz6 0 solemn commands Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 119:2](../119/002.md). @@ -4630,7 +4630,7 @@ PSA 119 168 zj2b 0 I keep your instructions “I obey your instructions” PSA 119 169 cgi3 figs-metaphor 0 give me understanding into your word The psalmist speaks of the ability to understand as if it were a solid object. Alternate translation: “help me understand your word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 170 r59u figs-metaphor 0 May my plea come before you The psalmist speaks of the words he says in prayer as if they were people who want to speak to a king. Alternate translation: “May you hear my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 171 x454 figs-metaphor 0 May my lips pour out praise The psalmist speaks of his lips as if they were a container and his praise a liquid that could be poured out. Here the word “lips” is a synecdoche which represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I desire to praise you much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PSA 119 172 hk6w figs-metaphor 0 my tongue sing The psalmist speaks of his tongue either (1) as if it were a person or (2) as a synecdoche for his whole being. Alternate translation: “me sing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +PSA 119 172 hk6w figs-metaphor 0 my tongue sing The psalmist speaks of his tongue either: (1) as if it were a person or (2) as a synecdoche for his whole being. Alternate translation: “me sing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 119 173 ui9f figs-synecdoche 0 May your hand help me The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Please help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 119 173 vx9b 0 have chosen “have chosen to obey” PSA 119 174 l3rh 0 for your rescue “you to rescue me” @@ -4656,7 +4656,7 @@ PSA 121 1 xgy7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in H PSA 121 1 cb45 figs-metonymy 0 lift up my eyes This expression means “look at” or “focus my attention on.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 121 1 yb6k figs-rquestion 0 From where will my help come? The writer uses this question to focus attention on the source of his help. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will tell you from where my help comes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 121 2 d3ip 0 My help comes from Yahweh This is the answer to the previous question. -PSA 121 3 r43x figs-123person 0 General Information: There is a shift here to the second person. This may mean (1) the writer begins speaking to the people of Israel or (2) the writer is quoting another person speaking to the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +PSA 121 3 r43x figs-123person 0 General Information: There is a shift here to the second person. This could mean: (1) the writer begins speaking to the people of Israel or (2) the writer is quoting another person speaking to the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) PSA 121 3 uj6f figs-metonymy 0 your foot to slip The slipping of a foot is associated with falling. Alternate translation: “you to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 121 3 l1fp figs-metonymy 0 he who protects you will not slumber Here to “slumber” means he would stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. Alternate translation: “God will not fall asleep and stop protecting you” or “God will always protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) PSA 121 3 j2nn 0 he who protects you God @@ -4811,7 +4811,7 @@ PSA 132 12 ir7p figs-metaphor 0 sit on your throne Ruling as king is spoken of PSA 132 12 ht92 figs-synecdoche 0 your sons Here “your sons” represents the descendants of David that would become king. Alternate translation: “your descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 132 13 ym8p figs-pronouns 0 General Information: “He”, “my” and “I” refer to Yahweh and “her” refers to Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) PSA 132 13 kw5c figs-personification 0 Zion … her The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -PSA 132 13 wvs3 figs-metonymy 0 he has desired her for his seat “Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh’s seat.” Here “seat” represents either (1) his throne where he would rule, or (2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 132 13 wvs3 figs-metonymy 0 he has desired her for his seat “Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh’s seat.” Here, **seat** could mean: (1) his throne where he would rule, or (2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 132 14 t9p9 figs-personification 0 her The author writes as though the city of Zion ([Psalms 132:13](../132/013.md)) were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 132 14 y9cs figs-metaphor 0 my resting place The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. Alternate translation: “the place where I stay” or “my tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 132 15 afl2 figs-personification 0 God continues to speak about the city of Zion as if Zion was a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -4991,7 +4991,7 @@ PSA 141 4 cg6p 0 participate in sinful activities “do sinful deeds” PSA 141 4 ft7c 0 their delicacies “their special foods” PSA 141 5 z9wf figs-metaphor 0 hit me The psalmist speaks as if giving a rebuke were physically hitting someone. Alternate translation: “rebuke me” or “hit me so I will listen when he corrects me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 141 5 d396 figs-abstractnouns 0 it will be a kindness to me The abstract noun “kindness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “he will be acting kindly to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -PSA 141 5 vbt8 figs-simile 0 it will be like oil on my head Possible meanings are that the psalmist speaks as if a person correcting him were putting oil on his head (1) to honor him. Alternate translation: “when he corrects me, I will know that the one who corrects me is doing a good deed to me” or (2) to make his head feel better. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 141 5 vbt8 figs-simile 0 it will be like oil on my head Possible meanings are that the psalmist speaks as if a person correcting him were putting oil on his head: (1) to honor him. Alternate translation: “when he corrects me, I will know that the one who corrects me is doing a good deed to me” or (2) to make his head feel better. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 141 5 sry9 figs-synecdoche 0 may my head not refuse to accept it The head is a synecdoche for the person. The litotes can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “may I accept it gladly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) PSA 141 5 m2xw figs-metonymy 0 my prayer is always against their wicked deeds The words “wicked deeds” are a metonym for the people who do the wicked deeds. Alternate translation: “I always pray that Yahweh will stop wicked people from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 141 6 k4ld figs-activepassive 0 Their leaders will be thrown down This could mean: (1) “Someone will throw their leaders down” or (2) “Their leaders will throw them down.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -5212,7 +5212,7 @@ PSA 149 9 jie7 figs-abstractnouns 0 They will execute the judgment that is writ PSA 150 intro r7f5 0 # Psalm 150 General Notes
## Type of psalm

Psalm 150 is a worship psalm. It is last in a series of worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Instruments
People should praise Yahweh with every type of musical instrument. PSA 150 1 jx5k writing-poetry 0 General Information: This focuses on praise or worship that is most commonly held in the temple. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 150 1 djp3 0 Praise God in his holy place God’s temple was often referred to as his holy place. This was the most common place to go to worship God. -PSA 150 2 e6ff 0 his mighty acts “the great things he has done.” God’s “mighty acts” can possibly mean (1) natural such as thunderstorms and earthquakes or (2) miraculous such as healings and great victories in battle. +PSA 150 2 e6ff 0 his mighty acts “the great things he has done.” God’s **mighty acts** could mean: (1) natural such as thunderstorms and earthquakes or (2) miraculous such as healings and great victories in battle. PSA 150 3 uqx4 0 General Information: This chunk focuses on praising or worshiping God with musical instruments and dance. PSA 150 4 m4dg translate-unknown 0 tambourines A tambourine is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) PSA 150 5 yat3 translate-unknown 0 cymbals two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) diff --git a/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv b/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv index 28fad4b73d..298f1ece43 100644 --- a/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv +++ b/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ PRO 5 7 ih1h figs-synecdoche 0 the words of my mouth Here the word “mouth” PRO 5 8 y32e figs-metonymy 0 Keep your path far away from her Here the word “path” represents the person’s daily conduct and circumstances. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” or “Stay away from her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 5 8 jw5h figs-synecdoche 0 do not come near the door of her house Here “the door of her house” represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word “go” instead of “come” since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate translation: “do not go near the door of her house” or “do not even go near her house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) PRO 5 9 pl7u 0 In that way “If you do this.” This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses. -PRO 5 9 b54w 0 you will not give away your honor to others Possible meanings for the word “honor” are (1) it refers to one’s reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or (2) it refers to one’s wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or (3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one’s life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people” +PRO 5 9 b54w 0 you will not give away your honor to others Possible meanings for the word **honor** are: (1) it refers to one’s reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or (2) it refers to one’s wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or (3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one’s life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people” PRO 5 9 bc5b figs-ellipsis 0 or years of your life to a cruel person The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or give years of your life to a cruel person” or “or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 9 yb9a 0 a cruel person This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her. PRO 5 10 d9br figs-metaphor 0 strangers will not feast on your wealth The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another person’s wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. Alternate translation: “strangers will not take all of your wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -272,11 +272,11 @@ PRO 5 12 x4di figs-parallelism 0 I hated instruction … my heart despised corr PRO 5 12 m4gr figs-exclamations 0 How I hated instruction The word “How” is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I hated it so much when someone would instruct me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PRO 5 12 b7lf figs-synecdoche 0 my heart despised correction Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I despised people when they corrected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PRO 5 13 kvf5 figs-synecdoche 0 incline my ear to my instructors Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen to those who instructed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 5 14 he4c figs-parallelism 0 in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person’s community that has gathered together either (1) to worship God or (2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +PRO 5 14 he4c figs-parallelism 0 in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person’s community that has gathered together either: (1) to worship God or (2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PRO 5 15 f76j figs-parallelism 0 water from your own cistern … running water from your own well These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 15 t8av figs-metaphor 0 running water The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 16 pe1s figs-rquestion 0 Should your springs … your streams of water flow in the public squares? The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not … your streams of water should not flow in the public squares.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -PRO 5 16 u3ua figs-euphemism 0 Should your springs … your streams of water flow in the public squares? Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are (1) sleeping with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets or (2) having children with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 5 16 u3ua figs-euphemism 0 Should your springs … your streams of water flow in the public squares? Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are: (1) sleeping with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets or (2) having children with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 16 ss2w 0 public squares Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk. PRO 5 17 f7ge 0 Let them be The word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for. PRO 5 17 s9wf 0 not for strangers with you “do not share them with strangers” @@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ PRO 8 32 ly1a 0 Now This is to focus the attention of the children to the conc PRO 8 32 hwt3 figs-personification 0 listen to me This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PRO 8 32 m6ib figs-metaphor 0 those who keep my ways Here “my ways” represents wisdom’s behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 8 33 ky6l figs-litotes 0 do not neglect “do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -PRO 8 34 i55j figs-parallelism 0 watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of “watching” are (1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +PRO 8 34 i55j figs-parallelism 0 watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of **watching** are: (1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PRO 8 35 z6lm figs-personification 0 finds me This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PRO 8 36 hfn9 figs-personification 0 hate me This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PRO 8 36 yl6t figs-explicit 0 he who fails The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ PRO 16 22 y5ux figs-metaphor 0 Understanding is a fountain of life The writer s PRO 16 23 rbc8 figs-metonymy 0 The heart of a wise person gives Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 16 23 qa4q figs-metonymy 0 gives insight to his mouth Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 16 23 i4qn figs-metonymy 0 to his lips Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PRO 16 24 r6ef figs-metonymy 0 sweet to the soul Possible meanings for the word “soul” are (1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PRO 16 24 r6ef figs-metonymy 0 sweet to the soul Here, **soul** could mean: (1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 16 24 ye3n figs-synecdoche 0 healing to the bones Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 16 25 v8l9 figs-metonymy 0 There is a way that seems right to a man The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 16 25 es6x 0 but its end is the way to death The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death. @@ -971,9 +971,9 @@ PRO 17 1 p2y8 figs-ellipsis 0 than a house full of feasting with strife The wor PRO 17 3 fh66 figs-explicit 0 The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PRO 17 3 fi3n 0 crucible a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature PRO 17 3 aq7i figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh refines hearts This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 17 4 bar9 figs-synecdoche 0 wicked lips The word “lips” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PRO 17 4 bar9 figs-synecdoche 0 wicked lips The word **lips** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 17 4 cj9s figs-idiom 0 gives ear This idiom means “listens.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -PRO 17 4 ef8i figs-synecdoche 0 destructive tongue The word “tongue” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PRO 17 4 ef8i figs-synecdoche 0 destructive tongue The word **tongue** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 17 5 a5ue figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PRO 17 5 gs4i figs-abstractnouns 0 his Maker This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PRO 17 5 dj8b figs-explicit 0 at misfortune This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ PRO 22 29 y4ub figs-rquestion 0 Do you see a man skilled at his work? This rhet PRO 22 29 e6ii figs-metonymy 0 stand before This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 23 intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) PRO 23 1 z181 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -PRO 23 2 lu62 figs-hyperbole 0 put a knife to your throat Possible meanings of this exaggeration are (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PRO 23 2 lu62 figs-hyperbole 0 put a knife to your throat Possible meanings of this exaggeration are: (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 23 3 zfk9 0 Do not crave “Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md). PRO 23 3 zkz5 0 his delicacies “his special and expensive food” PRO 23 3 tjm2 figs-idiom 0 it is the food of lies This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1571,7 +1571,7 @@ PRO 25 24 siz4 figs-explicit 0 a corner of the roof Houses in those days had fl PRO 25 24 urg5 0 a quarreling wife a wife who often argues or complains PRO 25 25 p4p8 figs-simile 0 Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PRO 25 26 p3dy figs-simile 0 Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -PRO 25 26 tiq8 figs-metaphor 0 tottering before wicked people Tottering is a metaphor for either (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 25 26 tiq8 figs-metaphor 0 tottering before wicked people Tottering is a metaphor for either: (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 25 26 fe9h figs-metaphor 0 tottering This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 25 26 e13r figs-idiom 0 before wicked people This could mean: (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 25 27 h7jf figs-simile 0 It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor. Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -1918,10 +1918,10 @@ PRO 30 31 e3z8 0 strutting rooster an adult male chicken that walks proudly PRO 30 33 kgm4 0 churning strongly stirring PRO 30 33 nj7p 0 butter Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick. PRO 31 intro dd9p 0 # Proverbs 31 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])

### King Lemuel

This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### An acrostic poem

Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.

### Themes
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) -PRO 31 2 nw5l figs-rquestion 0 What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? Possible meanings of the rhetorical question “What” are (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +PRO 31 2 nw5l figs-rquestion 0 What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? The rhetorical question **What** could mean: (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PRO 31 2 ag7f 0 my son … son of my womb … son of my vows The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him. PRO 31 2 ye5f 0 son of my womb The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born. -PRO 31 2 p2hh 0 son of my vows The “vows” could be (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God. +PRO 31 2 p2hh 0 son of my vows Here, **vows** could mean: (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God. PRO 31 3 irw8 0 Do not give your strength to women “Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines. PRO 31 3 tuq5 0 or your ways to those who destroy kings “or allow those who destroy kings to advise you” PRO 31 3 j3yt 0 your ways This could mean: (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do” @@ -1944,7 +1944,7 @@ PRO 31 10 v97s 0 Her value is far more than jewels “She is more precious tha PRO 31 11 i7un figs-litotes 0 he will never be poor This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) PRO 31 13 usy5 0 wool sheep’s hair that is used to make cloth PRO 31 13 xs1v 0 flax a plant whose fiber is used to make linen -PRO 31 13 n9qr 0 with the delight of her hands Possible meanings are that the word “delight” describes (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with” +PRO 31 13 n9qr 0 with the delight of her hands Possible meanings are that the word **delight** describes: (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with” PRO 31 14 h984 0 merchant someone who buys and sells PRO 31 15 ry3t 0 distributes the work for her female servants “tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day” PRO 31 16 fgc9 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of her hands The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) diff --git a/en_tn_21-ECC.tsv b/en_tn_21-ECC.tsv index 15c08d21eb..28a87e3fe9 100644 --- a/en_tn_21-ECC.tsv +++ b/en_tn_21-ECC.tsv @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ ECC 2 23 b5zv figs-doublet 0 painful and stressful These two words mean basical ECC 2 23 f3zg figs-idiom 0 his soul does not find rest Here man’s mind is referred to as his “soul” to emphasize his deep thoughts. Alternate translation: “his mind does not rest” or “he continues to worry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ECC 2 24 xa3q figs-metonymy 0 God’s hand Here God is represented by his “hand” to emphasize how he provides for people. Alternate translation: “from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ECC 2 25 x4m8 figs-rquestion 0 For who can eat or who can have any kind of pleasure apart from God? The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no pleasure can be had without God’s provision. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “For no one can eat or have any kind of pleasure apart from God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -ECC 2 26 s16q 0 so that he may give it away to someone who pleases God Possible meanings for the word “he” are (1) God or (2) the sinner. This also can be translated without making it clear who it is that gives the things that the sinner stored. Alternate translation: “so that the one who pleases God may have it” +ECC 2 26 s16q 0 so that he may give it away to someone who pleases God Possible meanings for the word **he** are: (1) God or (2) the sinner. This also can be translated without making it clear who it is that gives the things that the sinner stored. Alternate translation: “so that the one who pleases God may have it” ECC 2 26 fs9n figs-parallelism 0 vapor … an attempt to shepherd the wind These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ECC 2 26 v8zn figs-metaphor 0 vapor “mist.” The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were “vapor.” See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 2 26 e7hm figs-metaphor 0 an attempt to shepherd the wind The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “are as useless as trying to control the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ ECC 7 intro fp2g 0 # Ecclesiastes 07 General Notes
## Structure and format ECC 7 1 fq9e figs-metonymy 0 A good name Here a person’s “name” is used to represent their reputation. Alternate translation: “A good reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ECC 7 2 y1yx figs-idiom 0 must take this to heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “must think seriously about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ECC 7 3 g9c7 figs-idiom 0 sadness of face This refers to being sad. Alternate translation: “an experience that makes a person sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ECC 7 3 rsl9 figs-metonymy 0 gladness of heart Here the word “heart” refers to a person’s thoughts and emotions. “Gladness” describes either (1) the state of the emotions of being happy and peaceful or (2) the ability to understand the truth. Alternate translation: “right thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ECC 7 3 rsl9 figs-metonymy 0 gladness of heart Here, the word **heart** refers to a person’s thoughts and emotions. **Gladness** describes either: (1) the state of the emotions of being happy and peaceful or (2) the ability to understand the truth. Alternate translation: “right thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ECC 7 4 pli9 figs-synecdoche 0 The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning Here wise people are referred to by their “hearts.” This speaks of the wise person mourning as being in a house of mourning. Alternate translation: “Wise people think deeply about death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 7 4 lly7 figs-synecdoche 0 but the heart of fools is in the house of feasting Here foolish people are referred to by their “hearts.” This speaks of foolish people thinking only about what makes them happy as being in a house of feasting. Alternate translation: “but foolish people think only about enjoying themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 7 4 ux5g 0 the house of mourning … the house of feasting These phrases refer to what happens in these places. diff --git a/en_tn_22-SNG.tsv b/en_tn_22-SNG.tsv index deb0674ba4..9cd42d4e8e 100644 --- a/en_tn_22-SNG.tsv +++ b/en_tn_22-SNG.tsv @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ SNG 1 2 j5xq 0 General Information: The first part of the book begins with thi SNG 1 2 nze7 0 your love is better than wine “I enjoy having you near me more than I enjoy drinking wine” SNG 1 3 si36 0 Your anointing oils “The oils that you put on your body” SNG 1 3 d9r7 0 have a delightful fragrance “smell wonderful” -SNG 1 3 z9t3 figs-simile 0 your name is like flowing perfume Perfume has a good smell that spreads as the air moves. The name is either a metonym for (1) the person’s reputation, what other people think of him. Here the speaker says that people always think that the hearer is a good person, or (2) the person himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +SNG 1 3 z9t3 figs-simile 0 your name is like flowing perfume Perfume has a good smell that spreads as the air moves. The name is either a metonym for: (1) the person’s reputation, what other people think of him. Here the speaker says that people always think that the hearer is a good person, or (2) the person himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) SNG 1 4 v83t figs-you 0 with you “The word “you” refers to the man and so is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) SNG 1 4 gec8 figs-metaphor 0 Take “Pull” or “Drag.” Here the woman described as being like a captive who is willing to follow her captor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 1 4 ty2p figs-exclusive 0 we will run The word “we” refers to the young woman together with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ SNG 1 9 v2yv 0 General Information: The man continues speaking to the woman. SNG 1 9 gw76 figs-simile 0 I compare you, my love, to a mare among Pharaoh’s chariot horses The Jews of those days considered horses beautiful, and the Pharaoh’s horses would have been the most beautiful he could find. The man considers the young woman beautiful. Alternate translation: “My love, you are as beautiful as any of Pharaoh’s chariot horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) SNG 1 9 l3q7 0 my love “you whom I love” SNG 1 9 zyj5 0 Pharaoh’s chariot horses “the horses that pull Pharaoh’s chariots” -SNG 1 10 u7h9 figs-metaphor 0 Your cheeks are beautiful with ornaments These ornaments could be (1) jewels hanging from a band around the head or (2) earrings or (3) a metaphor for her long hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +SNG 1 10 u7h9 figs-metaphor 0 Your cheeks are beautiful with ornaments These ornaments could be: (1) jewels hanging from a band around the head or (2) earrings or (3) a metaphor for her long hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 1 11 dza7 figs-pronouns 0 We will make The man speaks as if he were many people. Some versions change this to singular “I.” Other versions take these to be the words of the woman’s friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) SNG 1 11 bp6l 0 with silver studs “with spots of silver” SNG 1 12 zt7d 0 lay on his couch “sat eating his special meal.” This probably refers to one of the couches on which people would lie around a table at a banquet. You could translate using the common word for what people do with their bodies when they eat special meals. @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ SNG 1 14 zh75 figs-simile 0 My beloved is to me like a cluster of henna flowers SNG 1 14 a6jk 0 henna flowers flowers from a small desert tree that people used as a perfume SNG 1 15 x2d5 0 Listen, you “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: you” SNG 1 15 m114 0 my love “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](./09.md) -SNG 1 15 fb4x figs-metonymy 0 your eyes are doves Possible meaning are (1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the man considers the woman’s eyes beautiful because the way the woman looks at him makes him think she is gentle. Alternate translation: “you are very gentle” or (2) the man is speaking of the woman’s white eyeballs or the shape of her eyes as being like the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +SNG 1 15 fb4x figs-metonymy 0 your eyes are doves This could mean: (1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the man considers the woman’s eyes beautiful because the way the woman looks at him makes him think she is gentle. Alternate translation: “you are very gentle” or (2) the man is speaking of the woman’s white eyeballs or the shape of her eyes as being like the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) SNG 1 16 sbi4 0 Listen, you “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: you” SNG 1 16 km29 0 handsome Use the word in your language that describes a good-looking man. SNG 1 16 x3pr 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover” @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ SNG 2 14 afg5 0 the mountain crags “the steep rocks on the sides of the moun SNG 2 14 bhl6 0 your face Some versions translate this as “your appearance” or “your form” or “what you look like.” SNG 2 15 pu8l figs-you 0 Catch This is plural, as if the woman is speaking to more than one man, but most versions translate who she is speaking to as the man, so you could translate this as singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) SNG 2 15 xns5 figs-metaphor 0 the foxes These animals look like small dogs and were often used in love poetry to represent eager young men who would spoil a young woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -SNG 2 15 v31m figs-exclusive 0 for us … our vineyard The words “us” and “our” could possibly be (1) exclusive, referring to the woman herself, as in [Song of Songs 1:4](../01/01.md), or (2) inclusive, referring to the woman and the man, or (3) exclusive, referring to the woman and the rest of her family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +SNG 2 15 v31m figs-exclusive 0 for us … our vineyard The words **us** and **our** could possibly be: (1) exclusive, referring to the woman herself, as in [Song of Songs 1:4](../01/01.md), or (2) inclusive, referring to the woman and the man, or (3) exclusive, referring to the woman and the rest of her family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) SNG 2 15 dac9 0 foxes Another possible meaning is “jackals.” A jackal is a type of thin wild dog with long legs. SNG 2 15 wl95 figs-metaphor 0 the little foxes that spoil Foxes spoil or destroy vineyards by digging holes and eating vines and grapes. This could be a metaphor for young men who spoil young women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 2 15 r16k figs-metaphor 0 in blossom This implies that the vineyard is healthy and the grapes have appeared, but they are not ready for harvest. This could be a metaphor for a young lady ready for marriage and bearing children. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ SNG 4 8 m2km translate-names 0 Amana the name of a mountain north of Israel (Se SNG 4 8 ir9l translate-names 0 Senir the name of a mountain near Amana and Hermon. Some people think that this refers to the same mountain as Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) SNG 4 8 ybd2 0 dens places where lions and leopards live, like caves or holes in the ground SNG 4 9 v3al 0 General Information: The man continues to speak to the woman. -SNG 4 9 d7n7 figs-idiom 0 You have stolen my heart Possible meanings of this idiom are (1) “My heart now belongs completely to you” or (2) “I strongly desire to make love to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +SNG 4 9 d7n7 figs-idiom 0 You have stolen my heart This idiom could mean: (1) “My heart now belongs completely to you” or (2) “I strongly desire to make love to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) SNG 4 9 vdf7 figs-idiom 0 my sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. Alternate translation: “my dear” or “my darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) SNG 4 9 k4ah 0 my bride This Hebrew word can refer to a woman who is married or to one whom a man has arranged to become his son’s wife. If your language has a polite word that a man would use to his wife and that has not been used yet in this book, you could use it here. Otherwise you could use any polite term a man would use with his wife. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:8](./08.md). SNG 4 9 d83s 0 heart, with just one look at me, with just one jewel “heart. All you have to do is look at me once or show me just one jewel.” Both the woman’s eyes and her jewelry attract the man to her. @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ SNG 4 10 ts8k figs-ellipsis 0 the fragrance of your perfume than any spice The SNG 4 10 wzb4 0 fragrance … perfume See how you translated these words in [Song of Songs 1:3](../01/01.md). SNG 4 10 r5ni 0 spice dried plants or seeds that have a good smell or taste SNG 4 11 fw88 figs-metaphor 0 Your lips … drip honey Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for (1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or (2) the woman’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -SNG 4 11 vc6y figs-metaphor 0 honey and milk are under your tongue Because “milk and honey” is a common phrase in the Bible, you should translate literally. Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for (1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or (2) the woman’s words. Milk is a metaphor for luxury, owning many things that help people enjoy life. When the woman kisses the man, he enjoys life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +SNG 4 11 vc6y figs-metaphor 0 honey and milk are under your tongue Because “milk and honey” is a common phrase in the Bible, you should translate literally. Possible meanings are that honey is a metaphor for: (1) the sweet taste of the woman’s kisses or (2) the woman’s words. Milk is a metaphor for luxury, owning many things that help people enjoy life. When the woman kisses the man, he enjoys life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 4 11 nyc9 0 the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon “the smell of your clothes is like the smell of Lebanon.” Many cedar trees grew in Lebanon. Cedar trees smell very good, so Lebanon would have smelled sweet and fresh. SNG 4 12 sks3 0 General Information: The man continues to praise the woman. SNG 4 12 whp4 figs-idiom 0 My sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](./09.md). Alternate translation: “My dear” or “My darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ SNG 5 3 am4r 0 robe thin linen clothing that people wore on their skin SNG 5 3 g6z2 figs-rquestion 0 must I put it on again? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to put it on again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) SNG 5 3 r5cm figs-euphemism 0 I have washed my feet While the word “feet” can be a euphemism for private parts, this probably refers to literal feet. The woman seems more likely to want to make love than to want to refrain from lovemaking because she has just bathed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) SNG 5 3 h4w3 0 must I get them dirty? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to get them dirty.” -SNG 5 4 w3ff figs-euphemism 0 My beloved put in his hand through the opening of the door latch Possible interpretations are (1) literal, the lover reaches into the house through a hole in the door in order to open the door or (2) euphemisic, they have begun to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +SNG 5 4 w3ff figs-euphemism 0 My beloved put in his hand through the opening of the door latch Possible interpretations are: (1) literal, the lover reaches into the house through a hole in the door in order to open the door or (2) euphemisic, they have begun to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) SNG 5 4 hqn5 0 My beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “My dear one” or “My lover” SNG 5 4 nns1 0 door latch “door lock” SNG 5 5 w3k2 figs-metaphor 0 I got up to open the door for my beloved This could mean: (1) literal, the young woman got out of bed in order to let the man into the house, or (2) metaphorical. Alternate translation: “I prepared myself to make love with my beloved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -350,13 +350,13 @@ SNG 5 14 hq44 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the SNG 5 14 nl6y figs-metaphor 0 His arms are rounded gold set with jewels “His arms are cylinders of gold that have jewels all over them.” The woman uses this image to say that his arms are beautiful and precious. The first readers would have understood this as a metaphor for the male body part ([Song of Songs 5:3](./03.md)), but this would be difficult to bring out in translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 5 14 bg51 figs-metaphor 0 his abdomen is ivory covered with sapphires “his belly is smooth ivory that has sapphires all over it.” The woman uses this image to say that his belly is beautiful and precious. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 5 14 k5ga 0 ivory the white tusk or tooth of an animal that is similar to bone. People use ivory to make smooth and shiny pieces of art. -SNG 5 14 ws92 0 sapphires valuable stones that are either (1) blue or (2) clear and either blue or golden +SNG 5 14 ws92 0 sapphires valuable stones that are either: (1) blue or (2) clear and either blue or golden SNG 5 15 c8k3 0 General Information: The woman continues to describe the man. SNG 5 15 i1xz figs-metaphor 0 His legs are pillars of marble, set on bases of pure gold Marble and gold are strong and beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 5 15 juu1 0 marble a very strong stone that has many different colors and that people polish to make very smooth SNG 5 15 z75c figs-simile 0 his appearance is like Lebanon “he looks like Lebanon.” Lebanon was a very beautiful area with many mountains and cedar trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) SNG 5 16 jk4b 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man. -SNG 5 16 sc8p figs-metonymy 0 His mouth is most sweet The mouth is a metonym for either (1) the man’s sweet kisses or (2) the sweet words that he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +SNG 5 16 sc8p figs-metonymy 0 His mouth is most sweet The mouth is a metonym for either: (1) the man’s sweet kisses or (2) the sweet words that he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) SNG 5 16 w3vr 0 he is completely lovely “every part of him is lovely” or “all of him is lovely” SNG 5 16 pi1a 0 This is my beloved, and this is my friend The word “This” refers to the man that the woman has just finished describing. Alternate translation: “That is what the one I love is like, and that is what my friend is like” SNG 5 16 zd7b 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover” @@ -410,11 +410,11 @@ SNG 6 11 qw4q 0 had budded “had grown their buds.” Buds are the small roun SNG 6 11 w8xh 0 were in bloom “were opening their flowers” SNG 6 12 lt9y figs-simile 0 I was so happy that I felt I was riding in the chariot of a prince The man uses this image to express how happy he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) SNG 6 13 u681 0 General Information: This is 7:1, the first verse of chapter seven, in some versions. The ULT understands this to be the friends and the woman talking to each other. Some versions understand this to be the man speaking to the woman. -SNG 6 13 sm5j figs-pronouns 0 Turn back … gaze on you Possible interpretations are (1) the friends are speaking to the woman or (2) the man is referring to himself in plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +SNG 6 13 sm5j figs-pronouns 0 Turn back … gaze on you Possible meanings here are: (1) the friends are speaking to the woman or (2) the man is referring to himself in plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) SNG 6 13 x9hk 0 Turn back, turn back “Come back, come back.” This is repeated for emphasis. SNG 6 13 za54 figs-pronouns 0 we may gaze Some versions understand the plural to refer to the man speaking of himself. Alternate translation: “I may gaze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) SNG 6 13 c258 0 gaze look intently for a long time -SNG 6 13 e2bm figs-pronouns 0 Why do you gaze on the perfect woman … armies Possible interpretations are (1) the woman refers to herself as another person and is speaking to the friends or (2) the woman is speaking to the man as if he were many men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +SNG 6 13 e2bm figs-pronouns 0 Why do you gaze on the perfect woman … armies Possible meanings here are: (1) the woman refers to herself as another person and is speaking to the friends or (2) the woman is speaking to the man as if he were many men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) SNG 6 13 iqb9 0 as if on the dance between two armies “as if she were dancing between two armies” SNG 7 intro hqv7 0 # Song of Songs 07 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Beauty
The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same the same standards of beauty.

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Similes
There are many similes in this chapter. Their purpose is to describe the beauty of the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) SNG 7 1 z7jk 0 General Information: This is 7:2, the second verse of chapter seven, in some versions. @@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ SNG 7 4 a4vg figs-simile 0 nose is like the tower in Lebanon A tower is tall an SNG 7 4 s23k figs-metonymy 0 that looks toward Damascus The tower looking is a metonym for people on the tower looking. Alternate translation: “that allows people to look toward Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) SNG 7 5 a7bt 0 General Information: The man continues to describe the woman. SNG 7 5 jn22 figs-simile 0 Your head is on you like Carmel Mount Carmel is higher than everything else around it. The man wants to look at the woman’s head more than at anything else. Alternate translation: “Your head is on you like a crown, higher than anything else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -SNG 7 5 sr83 0 dark purple Other possible translations are (1) “dark black” or (2) “dark red.” +SNG 7 5 sr83 0 dark purple Other possible translations are: (1) “dark black” or (2) “dark red.” SNG 7 5 hkk7 figs-metaphor 0 The king is held captive by its tresses This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your hair that hangs down is so beautiful that the king is not able to stop admiring it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) SNG 7 5 l5e5 0 tresses the clusters of hair that hang down from a woman’s head SNG 7 6 hqx3 0 my love, with delights “my love. You delight me” diff --git a/en_tn_23-ISA.tsv b/en_tn_23-ISA.tsv index b23b298b9f..5ed2135b4a 100644 --- a/en_tn_23-ISA.tsv +++ b/en_tn_23-ISA.tsv @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ ISA 1 21 lhv6 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the peop ISA 1 21 bhm8 figs-metonymy 0 How the faithful city This exclamation shows Isaiah’s anger and sadness about the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “See how the people of Jerusalem, who had been faithful to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 1 21 v446 figs-metaphor 0 has become a prostitute Isaiah compared the people to a woman who is not loyal to her husband but who sleeps with other men for money. The people were no longer loyal to God but were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: “acts like a prostitute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 1 21 v25z figs-metaphor 0 but now she is full of murderers The word “she” refers to Jerusalem and its people. Those who wrote the Bible often refer to cities as women. Alternate translation: “but now the people of Jerusalem are murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 1 22 n46w figs-metaphor 0 Your silver has become impure, your wine mixed with water Possible meanings are that Isaiah uses silver and wine as metaphors for (1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You are like silver that is no longer pure, and like wine that is mixed with water” or (2) the good deeds that the people formerly did. Alternate translation: “You used to do good deeds, but now your bad deeds make your good deeds worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 1 22 n46w figs-metaphor 0 Your silver has become impure, your wine mixed with water Possible meanings are that Isaiah uses silver and wine as metaphors for: (1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You are like silver that is no longer pure, and like wine that is mixed with water” or (2) the good deeds that the people formerly did. Alternate translation: “You used to do good deeds, but now your bad deeds make your good deeds worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 1 22 tbh7 0 silver … impure Someone needs to clean silver often or it will no longer shine brightly. ISA 1 22 b14q 0 wine … water Wine with water in it has little taste and so is no better than water. ISA 1 23 jw4m figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks Yahweh’s words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ ISA 2 5 rm7q figs-metonymy 0 House of Jacob “You descendants of Jacob.” The ISA 2 5 jlm2 0 come a gentle encouragement to do what the speaker is about to tell the hearer to do ISA 2 5 h3c9 figs-metaphor 0 let us walk in the light of Yahweh Isaiah speaks of people learning and then doing what Yahweh wants them to do as if they were walking at night with a lamp that Yahweh has provided so they can see the path. Alternate translation: “let us learn how Yahweh wants us to live and then live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 2 6 uvd9 figs-pronouns 0 For you have abandoned your people “For you have left your people” and do not care what happens to them. Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh and so is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -ISA 2 6 uh4h figs-metaphor 0 they are filled with customs from the east Isaiah speaks as if the people were containers who were full of something from the east. Possible meanings are that he speaks of (1) the deeds that the eastern peoples do. Alternate translation: “they do all the time the evil things the people who live in lands east of Israel do” or (2) people, specifically those who claim to speak to dead people, who have come from the east to do evil deeds. Alternate translation: “many diviners have come from the east and now live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ISA 2 6 uh4h figs-metaphor 0 they are filled with customs from the east Isaiah speaks as if the people were containers who were full of something from the east. Possible meanings are that he speaks of: (1) the deeds that the eastern peoples do. Alternate translation: “they do all the time the evil things the people who live in lands east of Israel do” or (2) people, specifically those who claim to speak to dead people, who have come from the east to do evil deeds. Alternate translation: “many diviners have come from the east and now live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 2 6 n11d 0 they practice divination they try to tell the future by looking at things like animal parts and leaves ISA 2 6 n8bj translate-symaction 0 they shake hands with sons of foreigners Clasping hands together is the symbol of friendship and peace. Alternate translation: “they make peace and work together with people who are not from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) ISA 2 7 fld8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to Yahweh in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ ISA 2 9 itw7 figs-metaphor 0 The people will be bowed down, and individuals wil ISA 2 9 gq1x 0 The people human beings, as opposed to animals ISA 2 9 vjx5 0 individuals “each person” ISA 2 9 rbg3 figs-metaphor 0 do not raise them up The words “raise them up” are a metaphor for Yahweh forgiving the people. Alternate translation: “do not forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 2 10 gxz3 0 Go into the rocky places Possible meanings are the people should go into (1) caves on steep hillsides or (2) places where there are many large rocks among which to hide. -ISA 2 10 y6bc 0 hide in the ground Possible meanings are that the people should hide (1) in natural holes in the ground or (2) in pits that they dig in the ground. +ISA 2 10 gxz3 0 Go into the rocky places Possible meanings are the people should go into: (1) caves on steep hillsides or (2) places where there are many large rocks among which to hide. +ISA 2 10 y6bc 0 hide in the ground Possible meanings are that the people should hide: (1) in natural holes in the ground or (2) in pits that they dig in the ground. ISA 2 10 iv7d figs-abstractnouns 0 from the terror of Yahweh Here the abstract noun “terror” can be expressed by the verb “terrifying.” Alternate translation: “to get away from Yahweh’s terrifying presence” or “from Yahweh because you will be extremely afraid of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ISA 2 10 sf9n 0 the glory of his majesty “the great beauty and power he has as king” or “his royal splendor.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:10](../02/10.md). ISA 2 11 hp3l figs-metaphor 0 The lofty gaze of man will be brought low “Yahweh will bring down the lofty gaze of man.” A man with a “lofty gaze” is looking above everyone to show them that he is better than they are. Here all people are guilty of thinking they are better than Yahweh, and the way they look at those who worship Yahweh, is a metonym for their pride. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make ashamed all people because they think they are better than he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ ISA 4 intro xy1x 0 # Isaiah 04 General Notes
## Special concepts in this c ISA 4 1 ke3e figs-idiom 0 let us take your name This phrase means “let us marry you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ISA 4 2 ki64 figs-synecdoche 0 the branch of Yahweh will be beautiful This could mean: (1) “branch” is a synecdoche that represents the crops Yahweh will cause to grow in the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the crops in Israel to be beautiful” or (2) “branch” is a metaphor that refers to the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 4 2 egm3 0 will be beautiful and glorious “will be full of beauty and glory” -ISA 4 2 ree3 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of the land will be tasty and delightful for those survivors in Israel “Fruit” sometimes simply represents food produced in the land, and sometimes it represents spiritual blessings. Possible meanings here are (1) God will cause the land to produce good food again. Alternate translation: “the people who are still in Israel will enjoy the best food from the land” or (2) the future Messiah will bring spiritual blessings to the people in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 4 2 ree3 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of the land will be tasty and delightful for those survivors in Israel “Fruit” sometimes simply represents food produced in the land, and sometimes it represents spiritual blessings. This could mean: (1) God will cause the land to produce good food again. Alternate translation: “the people who are still in Israel will enjoy the best food from the land” or (2) the future Messiah will bring spiritual blessings to the people in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 4 3 z8mg figs-parallelism 0 the one who is left in Zion and the one who remains in Jerusalem Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here “the one who” does not refer to a specific person but to people in general who are still alive in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “everyone who remains in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) ISA 4 3 gb1i figs-activepassive 0 will be called holy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Lord will call them holy” or “will belong to the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 4 3 pe1n figs-activepassive 0 everyone who is written down as living in Jerusalem This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone whose name is on the list of the people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ ISA 7 3 dcs8 0 at the end of the conduit of the upper pool “where the water ISA 7 3 jx5e 0 conduit man-made ditch or tunnel through which water flows ISA 7 3 iiu7 0 road If your language has a word for a road or path that people have made smooth by filling in the low places and lowering the high places, you can use it here. ISA 7 3 v3uw translate-names 0 Launderer’s Field This could mean: (1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or (2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, “the launderer’s field” or “the field where men wash wool” or “the field where women wash clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -ISA 7 3 cts4 translate-names 0 Launderer’s Field A launderer is either (1) a man who washes wool that someone has cut from the sheep, “Wool Washer Field,” or (2) a woman who washes dirty clothes, “Clothes Washer Field.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +ISA 7 3 cts4 translate-names 0 Launderer’s Field A launderer is either: (1) a man who washes wool that someone has cut from the sheep, “Wool Washer Field,” or (2) a woman who washes dirty clothes, “Clothes Washer Field.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 7 4 tuu2 0 Tell him “Tell Ahaz” ISA 7 4 ze8i figs-metaphor 0 do not be afraid or intimidated by these two smoldering firebrands, by the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram, and of Pekah son of Remaliah God compares Rezin and Pekah to burning sticks whose fire has gone out and are making smoke now. God is emphasizing that they are not real threats to Judah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do not let Rezin and Pekah make you afraid; their fierce anger is like a burning stick whose fire has gone out and there is only smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 7 4 uy6n figs-doublet 0 afraid or intimidated The words “afraid” and “intimidated” mean the same thing and can be translated as one word. Alternate translation: “afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ ISA 10 17 xf7a figs-metaphor 0 The light of Israel will become a fire The phras ISA 10 17 x81s 0 his Holy One a flame “I, Yahweh, the Holy one of Israel, will become like a flame.” See how you translated “Holy One” in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). ISA 10 17 nh6j figs-metaphor 0 it will burn and devour his thorns and briers “The fire will burn and devour the king of Assyria’s thorns and briars.” The speaker compares the king of Assyria’s army to thorns and briers. This emphasizes how easily God will destroy them. Alternate translation: “I will destroy the Assyrians like a fire burning thorns and briers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 10 17 a8i4 figs-doublet 0 thorns … briers The words “briers” and “thorns” both refer to useless, thorny plants; they can be translated using one expression. See how you translated these words in [Isaiah 7:23](../07/23.md). Alternate translation: “thorn bushes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -ISA 10 18 e4pz figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful land Possible meaning are (1) “Yahweh will destroy the great forests and farmlands in the nation of Assyria” or (2) “Yahweh will destroy the army of Assyria as a fire burns up great forests and farmlands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 10 18 e4pz figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful land This could mean: (1) “Yahweh will destroy the great forests and farmlands in the nation of Assyria” or (2) “Yahweh will destroy the army of Assyria as a fire burns up great forests and farmlands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 10 18 ice3 figs-merism 0 both soul and body This could mean: (1) this emphasizes that God will completely destroy the forests and farmlands. Alternate translation: “completely” or (2) this means God will completely destroy the people of Assyria. The phrase “soul and body” refers to the spiritual part and the physical part of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) ISA 10 18 r1h9 figs-simile 0 it will be like when a sick man’s life wastes away This compares either the forests and farmlands of Assyria or the army of Assyria to a sick man as he lies in bed dying. This emphasizes how something so great can become weak and dying. Alternate translation: “they will be like a sick man who grows weak and dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ISA 10 19 li2a 0 The remnant of the trees of his forest will be so few “What remains of the trees in the king’s forest will be so few” @@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ ISA 10 20 whj2 figs-idiom 0 On that day This refers to the time when God does t ISA 10 20 jx5m figs-explicit 0 that has escaped The meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “that has escaped from the army of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 10 20 t38g 0 will no longer rely on the one who defeated them “will no longer rely on the king of Assyria, who harmed them” ISA 10 20 j4ug 0 Holy One See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). -ISA 10 22 l3hy figs-you 0 your people, Israel, are Here “your” is singular. Possible interpretations are (1) God is speaking to Isaiah and “your” refers to Isaiah. Alternate translation: “your people Israel are” or (2) Isaiah or God is speaking to the nation of Israel and “your” refers to the nation. Alternate translation: “your people, O Israel, are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +ISA 10 22 l3hy figs-you 0 your people, Israel, are Here, **your** is singular. Possible meanings are: (1) God is speaking to Isaiah and “your” refers to Isaiah. Alternate translation: “your people Israel are” or (2) Isaiah or God is speaking to the nation of Israel and “your” refers to the nation. Alternate translation: “your people, O Israel, are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) ISA 10 22 tmc6 figs-simile 0 are like the sand of the seashore This emphasizes that there were a great number of people of Israel. Alternate translation: “are too many to count, like the sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ISA 10 22 xt1x figs-activepassive 0 Destruction is decreed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has decreed that he will destroy most of those who live in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 10 22 gb5g 0 as overflowing righteousness demands This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “This must be done for the sake of perfect righteousness” or “Yahweh must do this because he is completely righteous” @@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ ISA 13 7 cd7a 0 all hands hang limp This shows that all the people are very we ISA 13 7 zbv6 figs-metaphor 0 every heart melts People being terribly afraid is spoken of as if their hearts melt. Alternate translation: “everyone is terribly afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 13 8 cx1n figs-personification 0 pain and agony will seize them People suddenly feeling terrible pain and sorrow is spoken of as if the pains and sorrows were people who grab them. Alternate translation: “they will suddenly feel terrible pain and agony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ISA 13 8 f5tf figs-metaphor 0 like a woman in labor Being in labor represents giving birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman giving birth to a baby” or “like the pain of a woman who is giving birth to a baby” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 13 8 ixg7 figs-metaphor 0 their faces will be aflame Their faces being hot and red is spoken of as if they were burning. Possible reasons for their faces being hot are (1) the people are very afraid or (2) the people feel ashamed or (3) the people cry. Alternate translation: “their faces will be hot and red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 13 8 ixg7 figs-metaphor 0 their faces will be aflame Their faces being hot and red is spoken of as if they were burning. Possible reasons for their faces being hot are: (1) the people are very afraid or (2) the people feel ashamed or (3) the people cry. Alternate translation: “their faces will be hot and red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 13 9 wx9a figs-metaphor 0 the day of Yahweh comes with cruel wrath and overflowing anger The day coming with wrath and anger means that there will be wrath and anger on that day. The abstract nouns “wrath” and “anger” can be expressed with the adjectives “furious” and “angry.” Alternate translation: “on the day of Yahweh, he will be furious and extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 13 9 g4nq figs-metaphor 0 overflowing anger Anger here is spoken of as if the one who is angry is a container filled with anger. Overflowing anger means that he is extremely angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 13 9 i8e4 figs-abstractnouns 0 to make the land a desolation This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “desolation” is expressed with the verb “ruin.” Alternate translation: “to ruin the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ ISA 16 5 v5l7 figs-metonymy 0 one from David’s tent will faithfully sit there ISA 16 5 e78m figs-metaphor 0 as he seeks justice Seeking justice represents wanting to do what is just. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 16 6 fy9x 0 General Information: This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present ([Isaiah 15:1-2](../15/01.md)). ISA 16 6 k39y figs-metonymy 0 We have heard of Moab’s pride, his arrogance, his boasting, and his anger The words “Moab’s” and “his” refer to the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “We have heard that the people of Moab are proud and arrogant, boastful and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 16 6 w42t 0 We have heard Possible meanings are that (1) Isaiah is speaking and “We” refers to him and the people of Judah, or (2) God is speaking and “We” refers to God. +ISA 16 6 w42t 0 We have heard Possible meanings are that: (1) Isaiah is speaking and “We” refers to him and the people of Judah, or (2) God is speaking and “We” refers to God. ISA 16 6 h6ze 0 But his boastings are empty words “But what they say about themselves means nothing” or “But what they boast about is not true” ISA 16 7 p8b8 figs-metonymy 0 So Moab wails for Moab—they all wail “Moab” represents the people of Moab. “So all the people of Moab will cry out loud over what has happened to their cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 16 7 pea5 0 for the raisin cakes of Kir Hareseth “because there are no raisin cakes in Kir Hareseth” @@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ ISA 17 13 ls6k figs-parallelism 0 before the wind like chaff on the mountains ISA 17 14 jpf9 figs-metaphor 0 This is the portion of those What happens to them is spoken of as if it is a portion that they inherit. Alternate translation: “This is what happens to those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 17 14 i9ms 0 loot us … rob us The word “us” refers to Isaiah and the people of Judah. ISA 18 intro qz72 0 # Isaiah 18 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Cush
This chapter records prophecies against the nation of Cush. They are being punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metaphors
This chapter uses many metaphors to describe the destruction coming to the people of Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 18 1 w55y figs-metaphor 0 Woe to the land of the rustling of wings, which is along the rivers of Cush Possible meanings of “the rustling of wings” are (1) the boats that have sails are spoken of as having wings. Alternate translation: “Woe to those who live in the land beyond the rivers of Cush, whose many ships look like insects on the water” or (2) the rustling of wings refers to the noise of insects that have wings, perhaps locusts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 18 1 w55y figs-metaphor 0 Woe to the land of the rustling of wings, which is along the rivers of Cush Here, the phrase **the rustling of wings** could mean (1) the boats that have sails are spoken of as having wings. Alternate translation: “Woe to those who live in the land beyond the rivers of Cush, whose many ships look like insects on the water” or (2) the rustling of wings refers to the noise of insects that have wings, perhaps locusts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 18 2 fa3r figs-metaphor 0 by the sea The Nile River was very wide, and people in Egypt and Cush referred to it as “the sea.” Alternate translation: “on the great river” or “along the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 18 2 na6w translate-unknown 0 vessels of papyrus Papyrus is a tall plant that grows along the side of the Nile River. People bound together papyrus bundles to make boats. Alternate translation: “papyrus boats” or “boats made of reeds” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) ISA 18 2 v2kg 0 a nation tall and smooth … a people feared far and near … a nation strong and trampling down, whose land the rivers divide These phrases all describe the people of one nation. @@ -1894,7 +1894,7 @@ ISA 33 2 ktn1 figs-metonymy 0 be our arm Here Yahweh’s arm refers to his stre ISA 33 2 k72t figs-synecdoche 0 every morning This refers to the whole day, not just the morning. Alternate translation: “every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ISA 33 2 zfi5 figs-ellipsis 0 our salvation This understood verb “be” may be supplied. Also, the word “salvation” may be expressed with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “be our salvation” or “save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ISA 33 2 vt7m figs-possession 0 in the time of trouble This refers to the times when they are experiencing trouble. Alternate translation: ““when we have troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -ISA 33 3 bxw1 figs-explicit 0 At the loud noise the peoples flee Possible meanings of “the loud noise” are (1) it refers to Yahweh’s voice. Alternate translation: “The peoples flee at the sound of your loud voice” or (2) it refers the loud sounds of Yahweh’s army. Alternate translation: “The people flee at the sound of your army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ISA 33 3 bxw1 figs-explicit 0 At the loud noise the peoples flee Possible meanings of **the loud noise** are: (1) it refers to Yahweh’s voice. Alternate translation: “The peoples flee at the sound of your loud voice” or (2) it refers the loud sounds of Yahweh’s army. Alternate translation: “The people flee at the sound of your army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 33 3 mt58 figs-idiom 0 arise This means to begin doing something. Alternate translation: “begin acting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ISA 33 3 bws5 figs-activepassive 0 the nations are scattered This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “the nations scatter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 33 4 jx3k figs-simile 0 Your spoil is gathered as the locusts gather; as locusts leap, men leap on it This compares how quick and eager Yahweh’s people are when they gather the spoils from their enemies to the eagerness of locusts when they gather food. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your people gather spoils from your enemies with the same fierceness as the locusts have who devour green plants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2048,7 +2048,7 @@ ISA 36 2 df93 0 the chief commander Some versions of the Bible translate this ISA 36 2 yz32 translate-names 0 Lachish This is a city southwest of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 36 2 xgl3 0 conduit man-made ditch or tunnel through which water flows. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). ISA 36 2 su6h translate-names 0 the launderers’ field This could mean: (1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or (2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, “the launderers’ field” or “the field where men wash wool” or “the field where women wash clothes.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -ISA 36 2 ilm6 translate-names 0 the launderers’ field Launderer are either (1) men who wash wool that someone has cut from the sheep, “wool washers field,” or (2) women who wash dirty clothes, “clothes washers field.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +ISA 36 2 ilm6 translate-names 0 the launderers’ field Here, **the launderers** are either: (1) men who wash wool that someone has cut from the sheep, “wool washers field,” or (2) women who wash dirty clothes, “clothes washers field.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 36 3 in74 translate-names 0 Hilkiah … Eliakim See how you translated these men’s names in [Isaiah 22:20](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 36 3 pc89 translate-names 0 Shebna See how you translated this man’s name in [Isaiah 22:15](../22/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 36 3 ch95 translate-names 0 Asaph … Joah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -2281,7 +2281,7 @@ ISA 40 1 uzv6 0 Comfort, comfort The word “comfort” is repeated for emphas ISA 40 1 wa9a figs-you 0 says your God Here “your” is plural and refers to those whom the prophet tells to comfort God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) ISA 40 2 f6th figs-personification 0 Speak tenderly to Jerusalem The prophet speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a woman whom Yahweh has forgiven. As such, Jerusalem represents the people who live in that city. Alternate translation: Speak tenderly to the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 40 2 v29s figs-123person 0 proclaim to her … her warfare … her iniquity … she has received … her sins These pronouns refer to Jerusalem but may be changed if “the people of Jerusalem” is adopted as a translation. Alternate translation: “proclaim to them … their warfare … their iniquity … they have received … their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -ISA 40 2 rrl8 0 her warfare Possible meanings are that the word “warfare” refers (1) to military battle or (2) to forced labor. +ISA 40 2 rrl8 0 her warfare Possible meanings are that the word **warfare** refers: (1) to military battle or (2) to forced labor. ISA 40 2 ux5w figs-activepassive 0 her iniquity is pardoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has pardoned her iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 40 2 xkm6 figs-synecdoche 0 from Yahweh’s hand Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ISA 40 3 s925 figs-synecdoche 0 A voice cries out The word “voice” represents the person who cries out. Alternate translation: “Someone cries out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -2413,7 +2413,7 @@ ISA 41 25 s97v figs-idiom 0 from the sun’s rising This refers to the east, th ISA 41 25 i891 0 him who calls on my name This could mean: (1) that this person invokes Yahweh for his success or (2) that this person worships Yahweh. ISA 41 25 bb4s figs-metaphor 0 he will trample the rulers Conquering the rulers of other nations is spoken of as if it were trampling them under foot. Alternate translation: “he will conquer the rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 41 25 q8p3 figs-simile 0 like a potter who is treading on the clay Yahweh compares the way in which this person will trample the other rulers with the way that a potter tramples on clay to mix it with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -ISA 41 26 u3i7 figs-rquestion 0 Who announced this from the beginning, that we might know? Before this time, that we may say, “He is right”? Yahweh uses these rhetorical questions to mock the idols that the people worship. The implied answers are (1) that the idols have not done these things and (2) that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. Alternate translation: “None of the idols announced this from the beginning, that we might know. And none of them announced this before time, that we may say, ‘He is right.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +ISA 41 26 u3i7 figs-rquestion 0 Who announced this from the beginning, that we might know? Before this time, that we may say, “He is right”? Yahweh uses these rhetorical questions to mock the idols that the people worship. The implied answers are: (1) that the idols have not done these things and (2) that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. Alternate translation: “None of the idols announced this from the beginning, that we might know. And none of them announced this before time, that we may say, ‘He is right.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) ISA 41 26 xn3y 0 Indeed none of them decreed it, yes, none heard you say anything “Indeed, none of the idols decreed it. Indeed, no one heard you idols say anything” ISA 41 27 b6xr 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. ISA 41 28 k8tv 0 not one among them “not one idol” @@ -2537,7 +2537,7 @@ ISA 43 24 up12 figs-parallelism 0 burdened me with your sins, you have wearied ISA 43 24 t4mh 0 burdened me with your sins “troubled me with your sins” ISA 43 25 vh3j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. ISA 43 25 r2jt figs-doublet 0 I, yes, I The word “I” is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -ISA 43 25 j91x figs-metaphor 0 who blots out your offenses Forgiving sins is spoken of as either (1) blotting them out or wiping them away or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “who forgives your offenses like someone wiping something away” or “who forgives your offenses like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 43 25 j91x figs-metaphor 0 who blots out your offenses Forgiving sins is spoken of as either: (1) blotting them out or wiping them away or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “who forgives your offenses like someone wiping something away” or “who forgives your offenses like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 43 25 s5fa 0 for my own sake “for my own honor” or “for my own reputation” ISA 43 25 l6uz 0 call to mind “remember” ISA 43 26 w2ud figs-irony 0 present your cause, that you may be proved innocent Yahweh challenges the people to offer proof that they are innocent of the charges that he has brought against them, although he knows that they cannot do so. Alternate translation: “present your case, but you cannot prove yourselves to be innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) diff --git a/en_tn_24-JER.tsv b/en_tn_24-JER.tsv index 16c83f3fe1..424f15c710 100644 --- a/en_tn_24-JER.tsv +++ b/en_tn_24-JER.tsv @@ -239,10 +239,10 @@ JER 3 23 n3uy 0 surely Yahweh our God is the salvation of Israel “surely Yah JER 3 24 q1yv 0 their flocks and cattle, their sons and daughters This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols. JER 3 25 qy9p figs-parallelism 0 Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. Alternate translation: “Let us be completely humiliated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JER 3 25 ny7e figs-metaphor 0 May our shame cover us Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JER 3 25 x6vr figs-metaphor 0 from the time of our youthfulness Possible meanings are that (1) “the time of our youthfulness” refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: “from when we were young” or (2) “the time of our youthfulness” is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from when we were first becoming a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 3 25 x6vr figs-metaphor 0 from the time of our youthfulness This could mean: (1) “the time of our youthfulness” refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: “from when we were young” or (2) “the time of our youthfulness” is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from when we were first becoming a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 3 25 u638 figs-metonymy 0 have not listened to the voice of Yahweh our God Here “listened” represents obeying, and “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. Alternate translation: “have not obeyed what Yahweh our God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 4 intro yf6n 0 # Jeremiah 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:1-9.

The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 3:19-4:3. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Yahweh’s punishment
This chapter prophecies Yahweh’s punishment on Judah. This should bring Judah to repentance, but it does not. It is also intended to make the nations fear the power of Yahweh and make them desire to worship him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) -JER 4 1 nmt1 figs-metonymy 0 then it should be to me that you return Possible meanings are that (1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. Alternate translation: “then come back to me” or “then worship me” (2) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. Alternate translation: “if you will come back to me” or “if you will start worshiping me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +JER 4 1 nmt1 figs-metonymy 0 then it should be to me that you return This could mean: (1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. Alternate translation: “then come back to me” or “then worship me” (2) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. Alternate translation: “if you will come back to me” or “if you will start worshiping me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JER 4 1 q5zm figs-metonymy 0 If you remove your detestable things from before me Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “If you remove your disgusting idols from my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 4 1 g7zg figs-metaphor 0 do not wander from me again Here “wander” is a metaphor for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “if you remain faithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 4 2 qu22 figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ JER 5 3 bwd1 figs-metaphor 0 they still refuse to receive discipline Here “to JER 5 3 v9en figs-metonymy 0 They make their faces harder than rock Hard faces represents the expression on their faces that shows that they are stubborn. The simile “harder than rock” shows that the people are extremely stubborn. Alternate translation: “They are extremely stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JER 5 4 ty12 0 So I said Jeremiah is speaking. JER 5 5 mu9t figs-metaphor 0 But they all broke their yoke together; they all tore apart the chains that bound them to God. The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JER 5 6 d8ks figs-metaphor 0 So a lion … A wolf … A lurking panther These are dangerous animals that can kill people. Possible meanings are that (1) this really is about wild animals killing people or (2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 5 6 d8ks figs-metaphor 0 So a lion … A wolf … A lurking panther These are dangerous animals that can kill people. This could mean: (1) this really is about wild animals killing people or (2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 5 6 ei8j figs-metaphor 0 So a lion … A wolf … A lurking panther … torn apart One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. Alternate translation: “Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 5 6 qkm7 0 thicket a set of bushes that grew closely together. JER 5 6 a7xd 0 wolf a large wild dangerous dog @@ -395,9 +395,9 @@ JER 5 16 ub23 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak to the people JER 5 16 yjs1 figs-metonymy 0 Its quiver … They are all soldiers Here “Its quiver” represents the enemy nation’s army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 5 16 a4wr 0 quiver a container for holding arrows JER 5 16 nsx2 figs-simile 0 Its quiver is like an open tomb An open tomb is one that is prepared to have many dead bodies put in it. The enemy army will kill many people. Alternate translation: “That nation’s army will use their arrows and kill many people” or “Because of the arrows of its army, many people will die and be buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -JER 5 17 x18i figs-metaphor 0 So your harvest will be consumed, your sons and daughters also, and your food Possible meanings are that (1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed” or (2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being “consumed” would be a metaphor for killed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 5 17 x18i figs-metaphor 0 So your harvest will be consumed, your sons and daughters also, and your food This could mean: (1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed” or (2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being “consumed” would be a metaphor for killed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 5 17 ty62 figs-activepassive 0 So your harvest will be consumed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the army of that nation will eat the food that you expected to harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JER 5 17 ycw1 0 your sons and daughters also, and your food Possible meanings are that (1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or (2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food. +JER 5 17 ycw1 0 your sons and daughters also, and your food This could mean: (1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or (2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food. JER 5 17 e76e 0 They will eat The word “They” refers to the army of that nation. JER 5 17 aj2t figs-synecdoche 0 They will beat down with a sword your fortified cities The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate translation: “They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JER 5 17 fe1b 0 your fortified cities Fortified cities had a wall around them to protect the people inside from their enemies outside. @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ JER 7 3 f884 0 Yahweh of hosts … says this Jeremiah often uses these words t JER 7 3 c23a 0 Make your ways and practices good, and I will let you continue “If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue” JER 7 3 s5g6 0 in this place This means in the land of Judah, not in the temple. JER 7 4 e2w3 figs-rpronouns 0 Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say The reflexive pronoun “yourself” emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -JER 7 4 ru5l figs-explicit 0 Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why “Temple of Yahweh” is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +JER 7 4 ru5l figs-explicit 0 Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why **Temple of Yahweh** is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JER 7 5 yex8 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. JER 7 5 b71h 0 make your ways and practices good “improve your ways and practices.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](../07/03.md). JER 7 5 s949 figs-abstractnouns 0 completely execute justice The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -1362,7 +1362,7 @@ JER 18 11 v6ut 0 devise a plan “make a plan” JER 18 11 me21 figs-metaphor 0 his wicked way Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 18 11 w5eq figs-doublet 0 so your ways and your practices will bring good to you The words “ways” and “practices” both refer to a person’s actions and general lifestyle. Alternate translation: “so your actions will result in good happening to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JER 18 12 fq15 0 But they will say The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. -JER 18 12 nmb4 figs-idiom 0 This is no use Possible meanings for this idiom are (1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. Alternate translation: “We do not care what you say” or (2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. Alternate translation: “What you are saying will not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +JER 18 12 nmb4 figs-idiom 0 This is no use Here, this idiom could mean: (1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. Alternate translation: “We do not care what you say” or (2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. Alternate translation: “What you are saying will not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JER 18 12 yc7y figs-metonymy 0 what his evil, stubborn heart desires Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind or will. Alternate translation: “what his evil, stubborn mind desires” or “whatever evil things that we stubbornly want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 18 13 w781 figs-rquestion 0 Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this? Here the word “nations” represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this.” or “Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JER 18 13 vta7 figs-personification 0 The virgin Israel has committed a horrible act It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had “committed a horrible act.” Alternate translation: “Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1542,7 +1542,7 @@ JER 22 6 hfy3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of the king of Judah This could mean: ( JER 22 6 v879 figs-simile 0 You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon This could mean: (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JER 22 6 ahd6 figs-metaphor 0 turn you into a wilderness What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. Alternate translation: “cause you to become empty like the desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 22 7 wcw6 0 I have designated destroyers to come against you “I have chosen an army to attack you” -JER 22 7 d1mn figs-metaphor 0 the best of your cedars Possible meaning are (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 22 7 d1mn figs-metaphor 0 the best of your cedars This could mean: (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 22 7 wb7h figs-metaphor 0 fall into the fire This could mean: (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 22 8 t15z figs-synecdoche 0 Then many nations will pass by this city Here “nations” refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate translation: “Then many people from various nations will pass by this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JER 22 9 a4v3 figs-doublet 0 bowed down to other gods and worshiped them These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase “bowed down” describes the posture that people used in worship. Alternate translation: “they worshiped other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) @@ -1709,7 +1709,7 @@ JER 23 34 zc9i figs-metonymy 0 his house Here “house” is a metonym for the JER 23 35 x255 0 General Information: In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible. JER 23 35 lj8n 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md). JER 23 35 m2dm 0 You continue to say…‘What did Yahweh declare?’ It may be helpful to reorder this sentence. Alternate translation: “Each person continues to ask his neighbor and his brother, ‘What did Yahweh answer?’ and ‘What did Yahweh declare?’” -JER 23 36 c4en 0 But you must no longer talk about the ‘burden of Yahweh,’ for the burden is every man’s own word, and Possible meaning are (1) both instances of “burden” mean “message.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer call your visions the ‘burden of Yahweh’ because they are really only every man’s own words, and” or (2) the first ‘burden’ means “message” and the second means “heavy load.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer talk about the ‘message of Yahweh’ because the words that each of you speak are what is a ‘heavy load.’ In this way” +JER 23 36 c4en 0 But you must no longer talk about the ‘burden of Yahweh,’ for the burden is every man’s own word, and This could mean: (1) both instances of “burden” mean “message.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer call your visions the ‘burden of Yahweh’ because they are really only every man’s own words, and” or (2) the first ‘burden’ means “message” and the second means “heavy load.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer talk about the ‘message of Yahweh’ because the words that each of you speak are what is a ‘heavy load.’ In this way” JER 23 36 ppq7 0 you have perverted the words … our God To “pervert” something is to twist or distort it. Alternate translation: “you have changed the message of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God, to say what you want it to say and not what God said” JER 23 37 ntt4 0 General Information: In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible. JER 23 37 pg4g 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh completes his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md). @@ -1750,8 +1750,8 @@ JER 25 5 nw93 figs-metaphor 0 Let each man turn from his wicked way and the cor JER 25 5 xe34 figs-doublet 0 his wicked way and the corruption of his practices The terms “wicked way” and “corruption of his practices” mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JER 25 5 jc1p 0 the corruption of his practices “his corrupt practices” JER 25 6 yxs7 figs-metaphor 0 do not walk after other gods Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. Alternate translation: “do not become devoted to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JER 25 6 cgg6 figs-explicit 0 do not provoke him with the work of your hands The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Possible meanings for the phrase “the work of your hands” are (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -JER 25 7 fz11 figs-explicit 0 you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](../25/06.md). Possible meanings for the phrase “the work of your hands” are (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +JER 25 6 cgg6 figs-explicit 0 do not provoke him with the work of your hands The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +JER 25 7 fz11 figs-explicit 0 you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](../25/06.md). Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JER 25 7 t2s6 0 to do harm to you “so that I do harm to you” JER 25 8 i8m8 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). JER 25 9 rd1n 0 see “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you” @@ -1775,7 +1775,7 @@ JER 25 17 ti8x figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh JER 25 17 h4ut figs-metonymy 0 I made all the nations … drink it The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “I made all the people of the nations … drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 25 18 a2nm 0 something terrifying The adjective “terrifying” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “something that terrifies people” JER 25 18 m6p4 0 an object for hissing and cursing The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval. Both “hissing” and “cursing” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss and which they curse” -JER 25 18 jbw1 0 they are at this present day Possible meanings are that this phrase (1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or (2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen. +JER 25 18 jbw1 0 they are at this present day Here, this phrase could mean: (1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or (2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen. JER 25 19 zv1x figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 25 19 c8ay figs-metonymy 0 Other nations also had to drink it The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 25 20 lnv5 0 people of mixed heritage This could mean: (1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or (2) foreigners who lived in Egypt. @@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ JER 25 31 luq6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of JER 25 32 gee1 0 Yahweh of hosts says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). JER 25 32 vv51 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” JER 25 32 zv4e figs-personification 0 disaster is going out from nation to nation Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if “disaster” were a person who goes from nation to nation. Alternate translation: “great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -JER 25 32 dfh9 figs-metaphor 0 a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or (2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 25 32 dfh9 figs-metaphor 0 a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth Here, this metaphor could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or (2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 25 33 nd4h figs-activepassive 0 those killed by Yahweh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JER 25 33 zab4 figs-merism 0 will on that day extend from one end of the earth to the other By mentioning both ends of the earth, this phrase represents everywhere in between those ends. Alternate translation: “will on that day cover the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) JER 25 33 gm43 figs-activepassive 0 they will not be mourned, gathered, or buried This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will mourn them, gather them, or bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -3260,7 +3260,7 @@ JER 50 3 daw4 0 her land The word “her” refers to Babylon. JER 50 3 sf89 figs-abstractnouns 0 make her land a desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JER 50 4 xb8i figs-doublet 0 In those days and at that time These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JER 50 4 f3j1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -JER 50 4 sdx6 figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh their God Seeking Yahweh their God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 50 4 sdx6 figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh their God Seeking **Yahweh their God** represents either: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 50 5 e8cx 0 They will ask The word “They” refers to the people of Israel or the people of Judah who are returning from Babylon to Jerusalem. JER 50 5 q3s7 figs-idiom 0 join ourselves to Yahweh This is figurative language used to explain a spiritual connection to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JER 50 5 ch4b figs-activepassive 0 that will not be forgotten This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will forget” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -3347,7 +3347,7 @@ JER 50 26 kge6 figs-simile 0 pile her up like heaps of grain This could mean: ( JER 50 26 k8z3 figs-idiom 0 Set her apart for destruction This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/09.md). Alternate translation: “destroy her completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JER 50 26 uq7q 0 Leave no remnant of her This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “Kill every person in her” JER 50 27 n3yb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea. -JER 50 27 wv75 figs-metaphor 0 Kill all her bulls. Send them down to the place of slaughter Possible meaning of “bulls” is (1) soldiers or (2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 50 27 wv75 figs-metaphor 0 Kill all her bulls. Send them down to the place of slaughter Here, the word **bulls** could mean: (1) soldiers or (2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 50 27 e5p8 figs-explicit 0 Kill all her bulls Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JER 50 27 k3c1 0 her bulls The word “her” refers to Babylon. JER 50 27 jtx6 0 them … their The word “them” and “their” refer to the people of Babylon. diff --git a/en_tn_25-LAM.tsv b/en_tn_25-LAM.tsv index cea3738386..0eba784044 100644 --- a/en_tn_25-LAM.tsv +++ b/en_tn_25-LAM.tsv @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ LAM 1 8 lwa4 figs-personification 0 her nakedness “her naked.” Jerusalem is LAM 1 9 tsa8 figs-metaphor 0 She has become unclean beneath her skirts According to the l of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. This speaks of Jerusalem being unclean, as if it were a menstruating woman. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem has become unclean, as when a woman is unclean beneath her skirts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 1 9 z2lm figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers to be spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 1 9 r5x9 figs-idiom 0 Her fall was terrible The phrase “her fall” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Her downfall was astonishing” or “Those who saw her destruction were surprised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -LAM 1 9 h7er figs-personification 0 Look at my affliction, Yahweh Possible meanings are that (1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or (2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +LAM 1 9 h7er figs-personification 0 Look at my affliction, Yahweh This could mean that: (1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or (2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LAM 1 9 fv36 0 Look at “Pay attention to” LAM 1 9 bx6p figs-explicit 0 the enemy has become too great This means that they enemy army has become too large and powerful and has defeated Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has defeated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 1 10 mu6h figs-idiom 0 has put his hand on This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has taken possession of” or “has stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ LAM 2 6 tg96 figs-metonymy 0 He has destroyed the place of the solemn assembly LAM 2 6 zkt2 figs-activepassive 0 caused both solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “caused the people in Zion to forget both solemn assembly and Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LAM 2 6 y8if 0 in the indignation of his anger “because he was extremely angry with them” LAM 2 7 ub33 figs-metonymy 0 He has given over the walls of her palaces into the hand of the enemy Here the enemy’s “hand” refers to the enemy’s control. Alternate translation: “He has allowed the enemy to capture the walls of her palaces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -LAM 2 7 vn7k figs-synecdoche 0 the walls of her palaces Here the word “her” may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are (1) “the walls of the temple” or (2) “the walls of Jerusalem’s palaces.” The word “walls” is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +LAM 2 7 vn7k figs-synecdoche 0 the walls of her palaces Here, the word **her** may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are: (1) “the walls of the temple” or (2) “the walls of Jerusalem’s palaces.” The word “walls” is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LAM 2 7 jx6y figs-irony 0 They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as on the day of an appointed feast This is an ironic comparison between the happy, noisy festivals of Israel and the loud shouts of victory of the Babylonians. Alternate translation: “They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as the Israelites would during an appointed feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) LAM 2 7 t8c8 figs-idiom 0 have raised a shout This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “have shouted victoriously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LAM 2 8 de6p figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh decided to destroy the city wall Yahweh chose to have the wall destroyed and caused Jerusalem’s enemy to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -181,8 +181,8 @@ LAM 2 16 v2ed figs-metaphor 0 We have swallowed her up Here the people speak of LAM 2 16 p7nl figs-idiom 0 We have lived to see it This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “We have greatly desired to see it happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LAM 2 17 sv6l 0 He has overthrown “He has destroyed” LAM 2 17 l2hu 0 to rejoice over you This means that the enemy rejoiced because they defeated them. Alternate translation: “to rejoice over defeating you” -LAM 2 17 b3zb figs-metonymy 0 he has lifted up the horn of your enemies Here “horn” (that is, an animal horn) represents strength. Alternate translation: “he has increased the power of your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -LAM 2 18 v62e figs-synecdoche 0 Their heart cried out to the Lord Here the word “heart” represents the whole person emphasizing one’s innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are (1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being” or (2) the walls are being personified. Alternate translation: “You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +LAM 2 17 b3zb figs-metonymy 0 he has lifted up the horn of your enemies Here **horn** (that is, an animal horn) represents strength. Alternate translation: “he has increased the power of your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LAM 2 18 v62e figs-synecdoche 0 Their heart cried out to the Lord Here the word **heart** represents the whole person emphasizing one’s innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are: (1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being” or (2) the walls are being personified. Alternate translation: “You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LAM 2 18 qsn1 figs-apostrophe 0 walls of the daughter of Zion! Make your tears flow … no relief The writer speaks to the walls of Jerusalem. He wants the people of Jerusalem to do what he is telling the walls to do. Some translations take this whole section to be spoken to the “walls,” though this can be written with the first phrase “walls of the daughter of Zion!” spoken to the “walls,” and the rest of the section spoken directly to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) LAM 2 18 ew4w figs-personification 0 the daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LAM 2 18 mbx5 figs-metaphor 0 Make your tears flow down like a river This speaks of the people crying so much that their tears would flow like a river. Alternate translation: “Cry many, many tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ LAM 3 23 dp91 0 your faithfulness The word “your” refers to Yahweh. LAM 3 24 v6sh figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is my inheritance When God gave each tribe of Israel their land, he called it an inheritance. The author speaks of Yahweh being all he needs as if Yahweh were the inheritance that he had received. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 25 e8de 0 Yahweh is good to those who wait for him Here “good” refers to kindness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is kind to those who wait for him” or “Yahweh does good things for those who wait for him” LAM 3 25 ju1d 0 those who wait for him This could mean: (1) “all those who depend on him” or (2) “the one who waits patiently for him to act.” -LAM 3 25 a3kw figs-metaphor 0 the one who seeks him Possible meanings for “seeks him” are (1) asking God for help or (2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LAM 3 25 a3kw figs-metaphor 0 the one who seeks him Here, **seeks him** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 27 xea4 figs-metaphor 0 that he bear the yoke in his youth Here “bear the yoke” represents suffering. The abstract noun “his youth” can be expressed with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “that he suffer while he is young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LAM 3 28 deh5 0 Let him sit alone in silence The phrase “in silence” refers to not speaking. Here it may refer specifically to not complaining. Alternate translation: “Let him sit alone without speaking” or “Let him sit alone and not complain” LAM 3 28 wc7p figs-metaphor 0 when it is laid upon him “when the yoke is laid upon him.” Here the yoke represents suffering. Alternate translation: “when he suffers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ LAM 4 7 wu6d 0 Her leaders “Jerusalem’s leaders” LAM 4 7 cw2z figs-explicit 0 their bodies were more ruddy than coral “their bodies were redder than coral.” This implies that they were healthy. Alternate translation: “their bodies were healthy and red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 4 7 a385 0 coral a rock-hard red substance that comes from the ocean and was used for making decorations LAM 4 7 b9bt 0 sapphire a costly blue stone used in jewelry -LAM 4 8 i6jn 0 Their appearance now is darker than soot This may be because (1) the sun has darkened the leaders’ skin or (2) the soot from the fires that burned Jerusalem has covered their faces. +LAM 4 8 i6jn 0 Their appearance now is darker than soot This may be because: (1) the sun has darkened the leaders’ skin or (2) the soot from the fires that burned Jerusalem has covered their faces. LAM 4 8 es9a figs-activepassive 0 they are not recognized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can recognize them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LAM 4 8 hhs8 figs-explicit 0 Their skin has shriveled on their bones This implies that there was not much muscle or fat under the skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 4 8 asf7 figs-simile 0 it has become as dry as wood Their dry skin is compared to dry wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv b/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv index a199f057b5..c5eef58f98 100644 --- a/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv +++ b/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ EZK 1 22 unz5 0 stretched out over their heads above “and the expansive dome EZK 1 23 w3ga 0 Beneath the dome “under the dome” EZK 1 23 h3u3 0 Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves; each had a pair to cover his own body “Each of the living creatures also had two other wings, which they used to cover their bodies” EZK 1 24 kdw7 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision of the living creatures. -EZK 1 24 x6cx 0 Then I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of many waters. Like the voice of the Almighty whenever they moved. Like Other possible meanings are that the words “whenever they moved” refer to (1) all the words before them in this verse, “Whenever they moved, I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Like” or (2) to the words that follow, “wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Whenever they moved, it sounded like.” +EZK 1 24 x6cx 0 Then I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of many waters. Like the voice of the Almighty whenever they moved. Like The words **whenever they moved** could mean: (1) all the words before them in this verse, “Whenever they moved, I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Like” or (2) to the words that follow, “wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Whenever they moved, it sounded like.” EZK 1 24 nht8 figs-simile 0 Like … waters. Like … moved. Like … rainstorm. Like … army. These sentences are not complete because Ezekiel was showing that he was excited about what he saw. They can be translated as complete sentences: “The wings sounded like … water. They sounded like … moved. They sounded like … rainstorm. They sounded like … army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 1 24 pa6v 0 many waters This simply means “a lot of water.” It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. EZK 1 24 a1wk figs-metonymy 0 Like the voice of the Almighty The Bible sometimes refers to thunder as “the voice of the Almighty.” Alternate translation: “It sounded like the voice of the Almighty God” or “It sounded like the thunder of the Almighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ EZK 2 6 k1u5 figs-metonymy 0 be dismayed by their faces The words “their face EZK 2 7 r72s 0 General Information: God continues to speak to Ezekiel. EZK 2 7 phz2 0 are most rebellious “are very rebellious” or “totally rebel against me” EZK 2 8 ndb7 figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 2 9 p6fn 0 a hand was extended out to me It was as if (1) a person in the heavens had extended his hand out toward Ezekiel and all Ezekiel could see was from the hand to the elbow or shoulder or (2) the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)) extended his hand. +EZK 2 9 p6fn 0 a hand was extended out to me This could mean: (1) a person in the heavens had extended his hand out toward Ezekiel and all Ezekiel could see was from the hand to the elbow or shoulder or (2) the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)) extended his hand. EZK 2 9 h5d1 0 a written scroll “a scroll that had writing on it” EZK 2 10 mxi2 0 He spread it out The word “He” refers to the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). EZK 2 10 h57t figs-activepassive 0 it had been written on both its front and back This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had written on both its front and its back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ EZK 10 9 nza9 translate-unknown 0 beryl stone “Beryl” here is a very hard, EZK 10 10 i72z figs-abstractnouns 0 Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “All four of them appeared to be similar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 10 10 c1u1 0 a wheel intersecting another wheel The word “intersecting” means “crossing” or “passing through.” EZK 10 11 vgw9 0 they went in any of their four directions This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels. -EZK 10 11 qn2m 0 whatever direction the head faced, they followed Possible meanings for “the head” are (1) this refers to the winged creatures. Alternate translation: “they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking” or (2) this refers to the front wheel. Alternate translation: “they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went” +EZK 10 11 qn2m 0 whatever direction the head faced, they followed Here, the phrase **the head** could mean: (1) this refers to the winged creatures. Alternate translation: “they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking” or (2) this refers to the front wheel. Alternate translation: “they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went” EZK 10 12 a1cv 0 wheels Translate the word “wheels” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). EZK 10 13 r5jq figs-activepassive 0 the wheels were called, “Whirling.” The word “Whirling” means “Spinning.” Here it is the name of the wheels. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone called the wheels, ‘Whirling.’” or “the name of the wheels was ‘Whirling.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 10 14 edf6 0 They had four faces each “Each cherub had four faces” or “Each of the cherubim had four faces.” Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:6](../01/06.md). @@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ EZK 16 20 ku1z figs-rquestion 0 Are your acts of prostitution a small matter? Y EZK 16 21 pxu4 figs-explicit 0 made them pass through the fire Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. It is implicit that she put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to her images. Alternate translation: “sacrificed them as burnt offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 16 22 wvq2 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 16 23 nyv1 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 16 24 fs8i 0 you built yourself a mound and made yourself a lofty shrine in every public place Possible meanings are that she built a place where (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution. +EZK 16 24 fs8i 0 you built yourself a mound and made yourself a lofty shrine in every public place This could mean: (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution. EZK 16 25 v7yc figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 25 lz72 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every road Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a road as if it were its head. Alternate translation: “at the beginning of every road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 16 27 c7es figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ EZK 16 27 r2ql figs-metaphor 0 the daughters of the Philistines Here Yahweh spe EZK 16 30 h91y 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem and the people of Israel as his unfaithful wife. EZK 16 30 db6k figs-rquestion 0 How sick is your heart … that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute? Yahweh asks the rhetorical question in order to rebuke Jerusalem. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your heart must be very sick … that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 16 30 yze4 figs-metonymy 0 How sick is your heart Here the word “heart” represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of her inability to control her desires as if her heart were sick. Alternate translation: “How weak-willed are you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 16 31 bg24 0 built your mounds … made your lofty shrines Possible meanings are that she built a place where (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md). +EZK 16 31 bg24 0 built your mounds … made your lofty shrines This could mean: (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md). EZK 16 31 wxg7 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every street Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a street as if it were its head. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 16:25](../16/25.md). Alternate translation: “at the beginning of every street” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 16 32 kuw8 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 32 nw3d figs-euphemism 0 you accept strangers instead of your husband This refers to accepting someone to sleep with her. Alternate translation: “you accept strangers into your bed instead of your husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ EZK 19 8 f365 0 from the surrounding provinces “from the provinces surroundi EZK 19 8 wx8x figs-activepassive 0 He was caught in their trap This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They caught him in their trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 19 9 uv2e figs-activepassive 0 his voice would no longer be heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people would no longer hear his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 19 10 rhn9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel as though it was the mother of the leaders of Israel. Here he begins to tell a story where she is a prosperous vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 19 10 aw92 figs-metonymy 0 a vine planted in your blood Possible meanings are that “blood” represents (1) the violence of the kings of Judah who had murdered people. Alternate translation: “a vine planted by means of violence” or (2) The plentiful wine of Judah which had become a symbol of prosperity. Alternate translation: “a vine planted in your prosperity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) +EZK 19 10 aw92 figs-metonymy 0 a vine planted in your blood Possible meanings are that **blood** represents (1) the violence of the kings of Judah who had murdered people. Alternate translation: “a vine planted by means of violence” or (2) The plentiful wine of Judah which had become a symbol of prosperity. Alternate translation: “a vine planted in your prosperity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) EZK 19 11 z86b figs-activepassive 0 strong branches that were used for rulers’ scepters This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “branches strong enough that people used them for rulers’ scepters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 19 11 p752 figs-activepassive 0 its height was seen by the greatness of its foliage This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people could see how tall it was by the greatness of its foliage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 19 12 zm2a figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell a story in which the nation of Israel is a vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -2102,7 +2102,7 @@ EZK 30 24 y8p3 0 with the groans of a dying man “as a man who is dying groan EZK 30 25 rst2 figs-parables 0 General Information: God continues speaking of the armies of Egypt and Babylon as if the armies were the arms of their kings. He also speaks of making the army of Babylon strong to attack others as if he had a sword and put it in the Babylonian king’s hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) EZK 30 25 rjv6 figs-metonymy 0 For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon Here “arms” are a metonym for the army. Alternate translation: “I will make the army of the king of Babylon strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 30 25 wjm9 figs-metonymy 0 while Pharaoh’s arms will fall Here “Pharaoh’s arms” is a metonym for his army, and “will fall” represents being weak. Alternate translation: “but Pharaoh’s army will be unable to defeat enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 30 25 g2eq 0 Then they The word “they” possibly refers to (1) “the Egyptians” or (2) “all people who hear what Yahweh has done.” +EZK 30 25 g2eq 0 Then they Here, the word **they** could refer to: (1) “the Egyptians” or (2) “all people who hear what Yahweh has done.” EZK 30 25 mku4 0 for he will attack the land of Egypt with it “and the king of Babylon will attack the land of Egypt with my sword” EZK 30 26 mv68 figs-parallelism 0 scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them through the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) EZK 31 intro chn5 0 # Ezekiel 31 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. God told Egypt to remember what happened to Assyria when it became proud. This same things will now happen to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) @@ -2535,7 +2535,7 @@ EZK 35 3 a49m figs-metonymy 0 I will strike you with my hand Here “hand” re EZK 35 3 s7v8 figs-abstractnouns 0 make you a desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 35 4 yv3y 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. EZK 35 4 t23n figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 35 5 ix3r figs-metaphor 0 you poured them out into the hands of the sword Possible meanings of this metaphor are (1) “you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords” or (2) “you killed them with swords.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZK 35 5 ix3r figs-metaphor 0 you poured them out into the hands of the sword This metaphor could mean: (1) “you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords” or (2) “you killed them with swords.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 35 5 mv7g 0 at the time of their distress “at a time of disaster” EZK 35 6 ax82 figs-metonymy 0 I will prepare you for bloodshed Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “I will make it easy for your enemies to kill many of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 35 6 rj8w figs-personification 0 bloodshed will pursue you Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Yahweh speaks of bloodshed as if it were a person who could chase them. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase you down and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -2563,7 +2563,7 @@ EZK 35 14 w5h5 figs-personification 0 I will make you a desolation Here “you EZK 35 14 bfc7 figs-metonymy 0 the entire earth rejoices Here “earth” represents the people of the earth. The word “entire” is a generalization that refers only to people near Mount Seir. Alternate translation: “people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 35 15 zg6c figs-metaphor 0 As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the people of Israel because of its desolation This speaks of the land that Yahweh gave to the Israelites as their inheritance. Alternate translation: “As you rejoiced when I made the land of the Israelites desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 35 15 et5r 0 I will do the same to you This could mean: (1) I will make your land desolate” or (2) “I will rejoice when your land is desolate” or (3) “I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation.” -EZK 35 15 d1la 0 Then they will know The word “they” possibly refers to (1) “the people of the earth” or (2) “the people of Israel and Judah.” +EZK 35 15 d1la 0 Then they will know The word **they** possibly refers to (1) “the people of the earth” or (2) “the people of Israel and Judah.” EZK 36 intro i2lt 0 # Ezekiel 36 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Israel restored

Israel is promised to be restored by Yahweh. Because of his honor, God will bring Israel back to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])

### New hearts

God will forgive Israel’s sin and give them the desire to obey him. This is expressed by the metonym “heart.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) EZK 36 1 aj63 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountains of Israel, but the message is for all of the people of Israel. EZK 36 1 zh9m 0 son of man “son of a human being” or “son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” @@ -3000,7 +3000,7 @@ EZK 40 36 b8ut 0 twenty-five cubits about 13.5 meters EZK 40 37 rrg7 0 Its portico faced the outer courtyard “The entrance of its portico was toward the outer courtyard” EZK 40 37 j3yy 0 on either side of it “on both sides of it” EZK 40 38 g6y4 0 by each of the inner gateways “in each of the inner gates” -EZK 40 38 wb45 0 they rinsed the burnt offerings Possible meanings for “they” are (1) the people who were bringing offerings or (2) the priests who killed the animals. +EZK 40 38 wb45 0 they rinsed the burnt offerings Here, the word **they** could mean: (1) the people who were bringing offerings or (2) the priests who killed the animals. EZK 40 38 sg2q 0 the burnt offerings the animals that would be killed and burned as offerings EZK 40 39 jkg2 0 There were two tables on each side of each portico there were four tables—two on each side of each portico EZK 40 39 k2nh figs-activepassive 0 the burnt offering was slaughtered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they killed the burnt offering” or “they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -3081,7 +3081,7 @@ EZK 41 18 g9t5 0 was decorated “was made beautiful” EZK 41 18 ne31 0 cherubim See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). EZK 41 18 m9dj 0 cherub This is the singular form of “cherubim.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md). EZK 41 20 cf7z 0 the house “the temple” -EZK 41 22 fh5t figs-abstractnouns 0 the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words “Their appearance was like the appearance of” in verse 21. Possible meanings of the sentence are (1) as it is translated in the ULT or (2) “The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was.” The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +EZK 41 22 fh5t figs-abstractnouns 0 the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words “Their appearance was like the appearance of” in verse 21. This sentence could mean: (1) as it is translated in the ULT or (2) “The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was.” The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 41 22 lqs8 translate-bdistance 0 three cubits … two cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 1.6 meters … about 1.1 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 23 wx5m 0 There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place “The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors” EZK 41 24 p6xg 0 These doors had two hinged door panels each “Each door had two parts that were on hinges.” Hinges connect doors to the wall and allow the doors to swing. diff --git a/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv b/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv index a0820b3194..e3ec82c4c9 100644 --- a/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv +++ b/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv @@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ DAN 7 9 xvt9 0 the Ancient of Days This is a title for God that means he is et DAN 7 9 rc8y 0 took his seat … His clothing … the hair of his head This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person. This does not mean that God really is like this, but it is how Daniel saw God in a vision. DAN 7 9 crh4 figs-idiom 0 took his seat This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: “sat down on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 7 9 imw8 0 His clothing was as white as snow His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. Alternate translation: “His clothing was very white” -DAN 7 9 d5if figs-simile 0 the hair of his head was like pure wool Something about God’s hair looked like pure wool. Possible meanings are that (1) it was very white or (2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +DAN 7 9 d5if figs-simile 0 the hair of his head was like pure wool Something about God’s hair looked like pure wool. This could mean: (1) it was very white or (2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DAN 7 9 jf7e 0 pure wool “clean wool” or “wool that is washed” DAN 7 9 c4le 0 His throne was flames … its wheels were burning fire This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words “flames” and “burning fire” mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way. DAN 7 9 lhh4 0 its wheels It is unclear why God’s throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for “wheels” if possible. @@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ DAN 7 14 z6xf figs-parallelism 0 will not pass away … will never be destroyed DAN 7 14 sl8k figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 7 15 xt3d figs-parallelism 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me … the visions I saw in my mind troubled me These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DAN 7 15 g5s3 figs-synecdoche 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me Here “my spirit” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “I was very sad inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -DAN 7 16 z2w1 0 one of them standing there This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. Possible meanings (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven. +DAN 7 16 z2w1 0 one of them standing there This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. This could mean: (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven. DAN 7 16 fhe1 0 to show me “to tell me” or “to explain to me” DAN 7 16 x45a 0 these things “the things I had seen” DAN 7 17 mw57 0 These large animals, four in number, “These four large animals” diff --git a/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv b/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv index c755c6f495..b951b9bb66 100644 --- a/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv +++ b/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ JOL 2 2 qmb9 figs-doublet י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 JOL 2 2 st7t וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 gloom total or partial darkness JOL 2 2 pcr6 figs-doublet י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַ⁠עֲרָפֶ֔ל 1 day of clouds and thick darkness This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both “clouds” and “thick darkness” refer to divine judgment. Alternate translation: “day full of dark storm clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOL 2 2 h3d1 figs-simile כְּ⁠שַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽ⁠הָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching When direct sunlight shines on a mountain at dawn, it begins at the top and spreads to the bottom. When an army comes over a mountain range, it comes over the top and spreads out as it comes down. Alternate translation: “A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -JOL 2 2 ekb8 figs-metaphor עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 a large and mighty army The words “large” and “mighty” share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word “army” could possibly be (1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or (2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +JOL 2 2 ekb8 figs-metaphor עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 a large and mighty army The words “large” and “mighty” share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word **army** could possibly be: (1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or (2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOL 2 3 xcv4 0 General Information: Joel’s description of the coming army continues. JOL 2 3 fly5 figs-metaphor לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ 1 A fire is consuming everything in front of it A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the “army” ([Joel 2:2](../02/02.md)), whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOL 2 3 z5iu figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַחֲרָ֖י⁠ו תְּלַהֵ֣ט לֶֽהָבָ֑ה 1 behind it a flame is burning After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ JOL 3 11 e3ig הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 JOL 3 12 b1jw 0 General Information: Yahweh finishes the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. JOL 3 12 ul2y הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֔ם…אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֖ם מִ⁠סָּבִֽיב 1 Let the nations wake themselves … all the surrounding nations The words “the nations” and “the surrounding nations” refer to the same nations, those that surround Judah. Yahweh will judge them in the Valley of Jehoshaphat for what they have done to Jerusalem. JOL 3 12 pq55 עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט 1 Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means “Yahweh judges,” was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. See how you translated this in [Joel 3:2](../03/02.md). -JOL 3 13 hq7f figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל…מָ֣לְאָה גַּ֔ת 1 Put in the sickle … the winepress is full Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if (1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or (2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOL 3 13 hq7f figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל…מָ֣לְאָה גַּ֔ת 1 Put in the sickle … the winepress is full Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if: (1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or (2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOL 3 13 iw8d figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל כִּ֥י בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר 1 Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe Yahweh speaks of making war against the nations as if he were using a sharp tool to harvest a field of ripe crops. If your readers will not understand the word “sickle,” you may use the word for any sharp tool that your people use for harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOL 3 13 i8r2 figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל 1 Put in the sickle “Swing the sickle to cut the grain.” This is a metaphor for a soldier using a sword to kill people, but it is best to use the word for a sharp tool used in harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOL 3 13 zx33 מַגָּ֔ל 1 sickle a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain diff --git a/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv b/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv index 5e011817b4..0eac7761ec 100644 --- a/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv +++ b/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv @@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ OBA 1 6 lf9t נֶחְפְּשׂ֣וּ 1 has been ransacked Here, **ransacked** OBA 1 6 w96y figs-activepassive נִבְע֖וּ מַצְפֻּנָֽי⁠ו 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use the active form of this verb, and you could say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “They will search out all of his hidden treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) OBA 1 7 yobe figs-explicit עַֽד־הַ⁠גְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּ⁠ךָ כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 If it does not make sense in your language to say that someone would be attacked by someone with whom they have a **covenant**, that is, an ally, then you can add in the missing step of their betrayal, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) OBA 1 7 n3t6 figs-youcrowd בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 your covenant Yahweh is still addressing the people of Edom here, so the word **your** refers to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]]) -OBA 1 7 cr88 עַֽד־הַ⁠גְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּ⁠ךָ 1 are sending you away as far as the border There are two possibilities for what **the border** could refer to. (1) It could refer to the border of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: “will force you out of your country” or (2) it could refer to the border of a formerly friendly country. Alternate translation: “will reject you from taking refuge in their country” +OBA 1 7 cr88 עַֽד־הַ⁠גְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּ⁠ךָ 1 are sending you away as far as the border Here, **the border** could mean: (1) It could refer to the border of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: “will force you out of your country” or (2) it could refer to the border of a formerly friendly country. Alternate translation: “will reject you from taking refuge in their country” OBA 1 7 a612 figs-parallelism כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ…אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֑⁠ךָ לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 All the men of your covenant … The men of your peace … They of your bread All three phrases refer to Edom’s allies. Yahweh is showing that what he is saying is important by saying it more than once in similar ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) OBA 1 7 jd15 figs-ellipsis לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗ יָשִׂ֤ימוּ מָזוֹר֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔י⁠ךָ 1 They of your bread will set a trap under you Hebrew says simply **your bread**. In this poetic style, hearers and readers are expected to understand the meaning and supply the missing words **The men of** from the previous two lines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -OBA 1 7 rc1i figs-aside אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 There is no understanding in him. There are four possibilities for the meaning of this phrase. (1) Yahweh could be saying this as an aside in order to express his evaluation of the people of Edom. If this would be confusing in your language, you can continue the address to Edom in the second person, as in the UST. (2) the former allies could be saying this about Edom. Alternate translation: “Then they will say to you, ‘you are not as clever as you thought you were’” (3) It could be referring to the trap just mentioned. Alternate translation: “and there is no perception of it” (4) It could be referring to the shocking situation of Edom being betrayed by its allies. Alternate translation: “There is no understanding of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]]) -OBA 1 7 jd17 figs-abstractnouns אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 understanding You could translate the abstract noun “understanding” with a verb. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +OBA 1 7 rc1i figs-aside אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 There is no understanding in him. This phrase could mean: (1) Yahweh could be saying this as an aside in order to express his evaluation of the people of Edom. If this would be confusing in your language, you can continue the address to Edom in the second person, as in the UST. (2) the former allies could be saying this about Edom. Alternate translation: “Then they will say to you, ‘you are not as clever as you thought you were’” (3) It could be referring to the trap just mentioned. Alternate translation: “and there is no perception of it” (4) It could be referring to the shocking situation of Edom being betrayed by its allies. Alternate translation: “There is no understanding of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]]) +OBA 1 7 jd17 figs-abstractnouns אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 understanding You could translate the abstract noun **understanding** with a verb. Alternate translation: “He does not understand anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) OBA 1 7 jd19 figs-personification בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 in him Here, **him** probably refers to Edom, which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) OBA 1 8 i4rg figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא בַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠ה֖וּא…וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם 1 Will I not on that day (a declaration of Yahweh) destroy wise men from Edom, and understanding from the mountain of Esau? This is a rhetorical question. Yahweh uses the question form here to emphasize that he will certainly do this. Alternate translation: “On that day … I will certainly destroy the wise men from Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) OBA 1 8 jd21 figs-explicit וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם 1 wise men The original audience would have known that Edom was famous for its wisdom. So this means that even their famous wisdom cannot save them from Yahweh’s destruction. If it would be clearer, you could indicate this information as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ OBA 1 11 s38y figs-parallelism שְׁב֥וֹת זָרִ֖ים חֵיל֑⁠וֹ OBA 1 11 rtj8 figs-personification חֵיל֑⁠וֹ…שְׁעָרָ֗יו 1 his wealth … his gates Here, **his** refers to **your brother Jacob** in [verse 10](../01/10.md), meaning the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) OBA 1 11 jd46 חֵיל֑⁠וֹ 1 his wealth In this context, the term translated **wealth** could also mean “army.” But since it clearly means “wealth” in [verse 13](../01/13.md), it seems best to translate it as “wealth” here, as well. OBA 1 11 jd47 figs-synecdoche שְׁעָרָ֗יו 1 his gates Here, **gates** stands for “city.” The gates, the part of a city through which people would come and go, are being used to represent the whole city. Alternate translation: “all the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -OBA 1 11 i8sr figs-metaphor וְ⁠עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֔ל 1 and cast lots for Jerusalem There are two possibilities for the meaning here. (1) This is a figurative way of saying that the **foreigners** had complete control of **Jerusalem**, with Jerusalem pictured as something that everybody wants to have, but it cannot be divided, so they cast lots to see who will get it. Alternate translation: “they even plundered Jerusalem” or (2) The name of the city may be standing for the wealth of the city. Alternate translation: “and they divided the wealth of Jerusalem among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +OBA 1 11 i8sr figs-metaphor וְ⁠עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֔ל 1 and cast lots for Jerusalem There are two possibilities for what this could mean: (1) This is a figurative way of saying that the **foreigners** had complete control of **Jerusalem**, with Jerusalem pictured as something that everybody wants to have, but it cannot be divided, so they cast lots to see who will get it. Alternate translation: “they even plundered Jerusalem” or (2) The name of the city may be standing for the wealth of the city. Alternate translation: “and they divided the wealth of Jerusalem among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 11 s4y1 figs-explicit גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה כְּ⁠אַחַ֥ד מֵ⁠הֶֽם 1 you also were like one of them The people of Edom did not do exactly the same things as the **strangers** and **foreigners** did, but they were like them because they did not help the people of Judah, who were a related people group. If it would be clearer in your language, you could include this information, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) OBA 1 12 crs1 figs-litany וְ⁠אַל…וְ⁠אַל…וְ⁠אַל 1 But [you should] not Yahweh uses a repetitive series of sentences in verses 12–14 to show how badly the people of Edom have treated the people of Judah. This repetitive style of speaking or writing is called a “litany.” This is a list of the charges against the people of Edom. Yahweh goes on to say in verses 15 and 16 that he has found them guilty of all of these charges and that he will punish them. Use a form in your language that someone would use to list things that someone has done wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litany]]) OBA 1 12 e7cd figs-explicit וְ⁠אַל־תֵּ֤רֶא 1 But you should not have looked Here, **you should not have looked** implies that the people of Edom were looking on the disaster in Judah with pleasure. To make this clear, you can include this information in the way that you translate. Alternate translation: “you should not have enjoyed looking” or “it was very bad that you enjoyed looking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ OBA 1 19 czq7 figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בִנְיָמִ֖ן אֶת־הַ⁠גִּל OBA 1 19 cr31 figs-synecdoche הַ⁠גִּלְעָֽד 1 Gilead **Gilead** is a region east of the land of Israel, across the Jordan River. It is being used to represent the areas to the east. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) OBA 1 20 xw8x grammar-collectivenouns וְ⁠גָלֻ֣ת הַֽ⁠חֵל־הַ֠⁠זֶּה 1 And the exile of this host of the sons of Israel Here, **exile** is a collective singular noun that includes all of the people who were exiled. Alternate translation: “All of the large group of people who were captured and taken away from their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]]) OBA 1 20 t8hm הַֽ⁠חֵל 1 host Here, the word translated as **army** can also mean “a large number of people.” In this context, the large number of people are also described as capturing territory, so they will be acting as an army. If you have a term that can mean both of these things, use it here. If not, then choose the term that fits best. -OBA 1 20 cr35 figs-metaphor לִ⁠בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל 1 the sons of Israel There are two possibilities for the meaning of **the sons of Israel** here. (1) In this context, **Israel** is identified as occupying territory in the north and is in contrast with **Jerusalem**, so it seems that **the sons of Israel** is referring to people who are from the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “from northern Israel” (2) It could refer to all of the descendants of Israel. Alternate translation: “of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +OBA 1 20 cr35 figs-metaphor לִ⁠בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל 1 the sons of Israel Here, there are two possibilities for the meaning of **the sons of Israel**: (1) In this context, **Israel** is identified as occupying territory in the north and is in contrast with **Jerusalem**, so it seems that **the sons of Israel** is referring to people who are from the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “from northern Israel” (2) It could refer to all of the descendants of Israel. Alternate translation: “of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 20 cr37 figs-metonymy אֲשֶֽׁר־כְּנַעֲנִים֙ 1 Canaanites The land of Canaan is where the people of Israel lived before they were exiled. So the people are being called by the name of the place where they lived, and where they will live again. Alternate translation: “who lived in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) OBA 1 20 r8cn translate-names עַד־צָ֣רְפַ֔ת 1 as far as Zarephath Zarephath was a Phoenician city north of Israel on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea between Tyre and Sidon. Alternate translation: “as far north as Zarephath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) OBA 1 20 zdk5 figs-ellipsis עַד־צָ֣רְפַ֔ת 1 The reader is expected to supply the verb “will possess” or “will capture” from the previous sentence. Alternate translation: “will capture the territory as far north as Zarephath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) diff --git a/en_tn_32-JON.tsv b/en_tn_32-JON.tsv index 3f49ccdb1f..4f9ed680e1 100644 --- a/en_tn_32-JON.tsv +++ b/en_tn_32-JON.tsv @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ JON 2 7 ue9g figs-metaphor וַ⁠תָּב֤וֹא אֵלֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ תְּ JON 2 7 jdrf figs-metonymy הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 your holy temple Here the term **holy temple** may have either a literal or a figurative meaning, or perhaps both. Jonah might be speaking about the literal temple in Jerusalem, or he might be speaking about God’s dwelling place in heaven. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JON 2 7 jdre נַפְשִׁ֔⁠י 1 my spirit Here the Hebrew term **my spirit** could also mean **my life**. JON 2 8 u1l9 figs-idiom מְשַׁמְּרִ֖ים הַבְלֵי־שָׁ֑וְא 1 Those who give attention to empty vanities Here the term **empty vanities** is probably an idiom referring to idols of false gods. Alternate translation: “those who give attention to useless idols” or “those who pay attention to useless gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -JON 2 8 fac9 חַסְדָּ֖⁠ם יַעֲזֹֽבוּ 1 forsake their covenant faithfulness Here, **covenant faithfulness** could refer to (1) the faithfulness of God or (2) the faithfulness of the people. Therefore, it could mean (1) “are rejecting you, who would be faithful to them” or (2) “are abandoning their commitment to you” +JON 2 8 fac9 חַסְדָּ֖⁠ם יַעֲזֹֽבוּ 1 forsake their covenant faithfulness Here, **covenant faithfulness** could mean: (1) the faithfulness of God or (2) the faithfulness of the people. Therefore, it could mean (1) “are rejecting you, who would be faithful to them” or (2) “are abandoning their commitment to you” JON 2 9 q3yb grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י 1 But as for me, This expression shows that there is a contrast between the people Jonah had just spoken about and himself. They paid attention to useless gods, but he would worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “but I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) JON 2 9 nfd2 בְּ⁠ק֤וֹל תּוֹדָה֙ אֶזְבְּחָה־לָּ֔⁠ךְ 1 I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving This phrase probably means that Jonah would thank God while he offered a sacrifice to him. It is not clear whether Jonah planned to thank God by singing or shouting joyfully. JON 2 9 jdrh יְשׁוּעָ֖תָ⁠ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Salvation belongs to Yahweh This last line of the poem can be understood in one of two ways: either (1) as being addressed to Yahweh as part of the description of the prayer; or (2) as being addressed to another person as a conclusion to the description of the prayer. See also the Note concerning the phrase “I cried out to Yahweh from my distress…” in [2:2](../02/02/jdrc). diff --git a/en_tn_33-MIC.tsv b/en_tn_33-MIC.tsv index e50da5371e..fb81864332 100644 --- a/en_tn_33-MIC.tsv +++ b/en_tn_33-MIC.tsv @@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ MIC 2 7 d2pm figs-rquestion 0 Should it really be said…“Is the Spirit … h MIC 2 7 cd55 figs-metonymy 0 house of Jacob The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MIC 2 7 hr6w figs-rquestion 0 said…“Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?” This could mean: (1) the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act. Alternate translation: “asked…‘Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?’” or (2) the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “said…‘The Spirit of Yahweh is not really angry. These are not really his deeds.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) MIC 2 7 dhy6 figs-rquestion 0 Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly? Micah uses a question to teach the people. It can bee translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My message does good to those who walk uprightly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -MIC 2 8 nby2 0 my people This refers to either (1) Micah’s people or (2) Yahweh’s people. +MIC 2 8 nby2 0 my people Here, **my people** could mean: (1) Micah’s people or (2) Yahweh’s people. MIC 2 8 h252 figs-metaphor 0 You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly This could mean: (1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or (2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MIC 2 9 h3sh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel. -MIC 2 9 vit8 0 you take my blessing from their young children forever This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to (1) being landowners in Israel, (2) a promising future or (3) to the children’s fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation. +MIC 2 9 vit8 0 you take my blessing from their young children forever This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It could refer to (1) being landowners in Israel, (2) a promising future or (3) to the children’s fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation. MIC 2 9 sez8 0 my blessing Micah speaks as if he were Yahweh. MIC 2 10 x485 figs-activepassive 0 it is destroyed with complete destruction This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MIC 2 11 fn9u figs-you 0 comes to you … will prophesy to you Micah is speaking to the people of Judah, so both instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ MIC 4 9 g6px figs-rquestion 0 Now, why do you shout so loudly? Micah is mocking MIC 4 9 b1zk figs-rquestion 0 Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor? Micah continues to mock the people. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) MIC 4 10 qn9l figs-simile 0 Be in pain … like a woman in labor Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) MIC 4 10 rci7 figs-activepassive 0 There you will be rescued. There Yahweh will rescue you Yahweh says the same thing in both active and passive forms to emphasize that he will do what he has said he will do. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “There Yahweh will rescue you. There he will rescue you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -MIC 4 10 nv5c figs-metonymy 0 the hand of your enemies Possible meanings for the word “hand” are (1) it could be a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, Alternate translation: “the power of your enemies” or (2) it could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +MIC 4 10 nv5c figs-metonymy 0 the hand of your enemies Here, the word **hand** could mean: (1) it could be a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, Alternate translation: “the power of your enemies” or (2) it could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) MIC 4 11 b5e1 0 General Information: Jerusalem will defeat her enemies. MIC 4 11 xj2l figs-activepassive 0 Let her be defiled This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let us defile her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MIC 4 11 l329 figs-synecdoche 0 let our eyes gloat over Zion The eye is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “let us gloat over Zion” or “let us enjoy watching the invaders destroy Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ MIC 7 15 e3z5 0 As in the days … them wonders Yahweh speaks to the people. MIC 7 16 mhq2 figs-metaphor 0 The nations The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in many nations. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations nearby” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MIC 7 16 mzy2 translate-symaction 0 They will put their hands on their mouths They do this to show that they are ashamed of what they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) MIC 7 16 n9vh figs-idiom 0 their ears will be deaf This is an idiom. Nothing anyone says will have any effect on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -MIC 7 17 e21s figs-hyperbole 0 They will lick the dust like a snake Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are that these people (1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or (2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +MIC 7 17 e21s figs-hyperbole 0 They will lick the dust like a snake Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. This could mean: (1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or (2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) MIC 7 17 zg31 figs-metaphor 0 their dens The people are spoken of as if they were animals, because animals live in “dens.” Alternate translation: “their homes” or “their hiding places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MIC 7 18 g3i6 figs-rquestion 0 Who is a God like you—who takes … inheritance? Micah is emphasizing that there is no God like Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that there is no God like you, who takes … inheritance.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) MIC 7 18 kr7v 0 the remnant of his inheritance “those of his chosen people who have survived his punishment” diff --git a/en_tn_34-NAM.tsv b/en_tn_34-NAM.tsv index 3f1a75bf71..e7ab3c219a 100644 --- a/en_tn_34-NAM.tsv +++ b/en_tn_34-NAM.tsv @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ NAM 1 9 mz66 0 General Information: Nahum tells the people of Nineveh how Yahw NAM 1 9 c1lk figs-rquestion 0 What are you people plotting against Yahweh? This rhetorical question emphasizes the futility of making evil plans against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is futile for you people to plot against Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) NAM 1 9 v6h3 figs-idiom 0 He will make a full end to it The idiom “make a full end” refers to causing something to exist no longer. Alternate translation: “He will completely stop what you do” or “He will cause your plotting to fail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) NAM 1 9 d3wc figs-metonymy 0 trouble will not rise up a second time This could mean: (1) “trouble” is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time” or (2) “trouble” refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you will not cause trouble a second time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -NAM 1 10 fkc6 figs-metaphor 0 they will become tangled up like thornbushes Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or (2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +NAM 1 10 fkc6 figs-metaphor 0 they will become tangled up like thornbushes This metaphor could mean: (1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or (2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NAM 1 10 ip7l figs-metaphor 0 they will be saturated in their own drink Nahum speaks of those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NAM 1 10 x8il figs-metaphor 0 they will be completely devoured by fire like dry stubble Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NAM 1 10 tg7c figs-metaphor 0 devoured by fire Nahum speaks of fire burning something completely as if the fire were devouring that thing. Alternate translation: “burned up by fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ NAM 3 10 h7t9 figs-metaphor 0 at the head of every street The beginning of a st NAM 3 10 hyc8 figs-activepassive 0 all her great men were bound in chains This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they bound all her great men in chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NAM 3 11 esd7 figs-metaphor 0 You also will become drunk Here the word “You” refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NAM 3 12 kbf7 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -NAM 3 12 lb3t figs-explicit 0 All your fortresses Possible meanings for the word “fortresses” are (1) it refers to Nineveh’s fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: “All of your fortifications” or “All of your defenses” or (2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: “All of your fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +NAM 3 12 lb3t figs-explicit 0 All your fortresses Here, the word **fortresses** could mean: (1) it refers to Nineveh’s fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: “All of your fortifications” or “All of your defenses” or (2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: “All of your fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) NAM 3 12 uf4q figs-simile 0 All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater Nahum compares the ease with which the attackers will conquer Nineveh with the ease with which a person can cause ripe figs to fall from a tree. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) NAM 3 12 c8tt figs-explicit 0 the earliest ripe figs This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) NAM 3 12 w2un figs-activepassive 0 if they are shaken “if the trees are shaken.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if a person shakes the trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/en_tn_35-HAB.tsv b/en_tn_35-HAB.tsv index 1e29c22696..30c27158dd 100644 --- a/en_tn_35-HAB.tsv +++ b/en_tn_35-HAB.tsv @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ HAB 1 5 j1ay figs-idiom 0 in your days This idiom refers to Habakkuk’s lifeti HAB 1 5 ubc3 figs-activepassive 0 when it is reported to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone reports it to you” or “when you hear about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) HAB 1 6 hw6s 0 look! The word “look!” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. HAB 1 6 cc7f 0 impetuous This could mean: (1) “violent” or (2) “hasty.” -HAB 1 6 l91v figs-hyperbole 0 the breadth of the land This can mean (1) everywhere in Judah or (2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +HAB 1 6 l91v figs-hyperbole 0 the breadth of the land This could mean: (1) everywhere in Judah or (2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) HAB 1 7 rf3w figs-doublet 0 They are terrifying and fearsome The words “terrifying” and “fearsome” share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the fear that the Chaldeans instilled in other people. Alternate translation: “They cause others to be greatly terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) HAB 1 7 rl2c figs-metaphor 0 their judgment and splendor proceed from themselves The word “splendor” represents their pride in how they view themselves. Yahweh speaks of their opinion of themselves as if the qualities of judgment and splendor came from them. Alternate translation: “because they are prideful, they decide for themselves what judgment looks like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HAB 1 8 de5l 0 Their horses … their horses the horses of the Chaldean soldiers @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ HAB 3 6 g6cm figs-personification 0 the everlasting hills bowed down The hills HAB 3 6 a4zl figs-metaphor 0 His path is everlasting This could mean: (1) the words “His path” may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “He is everlasting” or (2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: “He walks along an ancient path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 3 7 axq1 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. HAB 3 7 ydk4 figs-metonymy 0 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling This could mean: (1) the words “the tents” and “the fabric of the tents” are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: “I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -HAB 3 7 b5ma translate-names 0 Cushan This can be (1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or (2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +HAB 3 7 b5ma translate-names 0 Cushan Here, **Cushan** could mean (1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or (2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) HAB 3 8 a3lq figs-doublet 0 you rode upon your horses and your victorious chariots The phrases “your horses” and “your victorious chariots” both refer to the same thing. This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a warrior riding a horse-drawn chariot into battle. Alternate translation: “you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) HAB 3 9 y59h 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. HAB 3 9 avl5 figs-explicit 0 You have brought out your bow without a cover This means that Yahweh has removed his bow from its protective case and is prepared to shoot. Alternate translation: “You have prepared to shoot your bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ HAB 3 16 m7xf figs-explicit 0 I heard You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk HAB 3 16 y78y figs-explicit 0 my inner parts trembled The word translated here as “inner parts” is literally “belly.” If your language has a specific internal organ that it uses to express the feeling of great fear, you can consider using it here. Alternate translation: “my heart beat rapidly” or “my stomach turned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) HAB 3 16 ull6 0 My lips quivered at the sound Quivering lips is another spontaneous response that comes with great fear. HAB 3 16 tz73 figs-idiom 0 Decay comes into my bones Habakkuk speaks of having no strength in his body as if his bones began to decay. You may consider using an idiom from your own language here. Alternate translation: “My body goes limp, as if my bones were rotting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -HAB 3 16 y61b figs-idiom 0 under myself I tremble The words “under myself” refer to what is below him. Possible meanings for the idiom are (1) “my legs tremble” or (2) “I tremble where I stand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +HAB 3 16 y61b figs-idiom 0 under myself I tremble The words “under myself” refer to what is below him. This idiom could mean: (1) “my legs tremble” or (2) “I tremble where I stand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) HAB 3 17 t3s6 0 General Information: Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh. HAB 3 17 e3u3 0 though the produce of the olive tree disappoints “though the produce of the olive tree fails” or “though the olive tree fails to produce olives” HAB 3 17 wcs3 figs-metaphor 0 though the flock is cut off from the fold The word “flock” may refer to sheep or goats, or both. The word “fold” refers to the fenced-in area where shepherds keep their flock. Habakkuk speaks of the flock dying as if someone were to cut off the flock, as a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “though all the flock dies and the folds are empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv b/en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv index faca296d3e..4f634a4d0b 100644 --- a/en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv +++ b/en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv @@ -71,13 +71,13 @@ ZEP 2 2 j7xn 0 that day This phrase relates to the “day of Yahweh.” Transl ZEP 2 2 m9s2 figs-simile 0 that day passes like the chaff The chaff is the insignificant part of the plant that the wind blows away. In a similar way, the day of judgment will pass quickly. Alternate translation: “that day passes as quickly as chaff blown by the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ZEP 2 2 xg13 figs-parallelism 0 before the fierce anger of Yahweh’s wrath comes upon you, before the day of the wrath of Yahweh comes upon you The prophet repeats the same phrase almost exactly in order to emphasize how terrible Yahweh’s judgment will be and the urgency with which the people must repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ZEP 2 2 c8mp figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s wrath This stands for God’s intent to punish. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ZEP 2 3 rm7u figs-metaphor 0 Seek Yahweh Seeking Yahweh represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ZEP 2 3 rm7u figs-metaphor 0 Seek Yahweh Seeking **Yahweh** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEP 2 3 rg17 figs-abstractnouns 0 Seek righteousness. Seek humility The abstract nouns “righteousness” and “humility” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Try to do what is right and to be humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ZEP 2 3 s75g figs-activepassive 0 you will be protected in the day of Yahweh’s wrath This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect you in the day of his wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ZEP 2 4 r1bq 0 General Information: In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. ZEP 2 4 dth6 0 Gaza … Ashkelon … Ashdod … Ekron These were the four major Philistine cities of that day. ZEP 2 4 f893 figs-parallelism 0 will be abandoned … will turn into a devastation These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the complete destruction of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -ZEP 2 4 mi6f 0 They will drive out Ashdod at noon Here “They” refers to the enemies of the Philistines. Possible meanings for “at noon” are (1) the enemies will defeat Ashdod before noon or (2) the enemies will attack Ashdod at noon while the people are resting and unaware. +ZEP 2 4 mi6f 0 They will drive out Ashdod at noon Here “They” refers to the enemies of the Philistines. Here, **at noon** could mean: (1) the enemies will defeat Ashdod before noon or (2) the enemies will attack Ashdod at noon while the people are resting and unaware. ZEP 2 4 sb41 figs-metaphor 0 they will uproot Ekron The defeat of Ekron is spoken of as if it was a tree that was pulled from the ground and thrown away. Alternate translation: “they will take the people of Ekron away as if uprooting a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEP 2 5 p4be 0 the inhabitants of the seacoast, the nation of the Kerethites The first phrase explains where the Kerethites lived. ZEP 2 5 pq8v 0 Canaan, land of the Philistines The Philistines were one of several people groups who lived in Canaan. diff --git a/en_tn_39-MAL.tsv b/en_tn_39-MAL.tsv index ee110d0ab6..b7c71f6488 100644 --- a/en_tn_39-MAL.tsv +++ b/en_tn_39-MAL.tsv @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ MAL 3 15 maa8 figs-metaphor 0 we call the arrogant blessed Here to be called MAL 3 15 a55n figs-activepassive 0 we call the arrogant blessed This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we say that the arrogant are well off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAL 3 15 e45r figs-explicit 0 escape That is, “they escape God’s punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MAL 3 16 e2b8 0 General Information: The event described here may have taken place after the godly people in Israel repented of their sins. -MAL 3 16 le6y 0 a book of remembrance was written before him about those who feared Yahweh This can mean (1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or (2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him. +MAL 3 16 le6y 0 a book of remembrance was written before him about those who feared Yahweh This could mean: (1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or (2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him. MAL 3 16 tdq5 figs-abstractnouns 0 book of remembrance This expression refers to any book that helps people remember important things, such as events or people who lived in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) MAL 3 16 b8vc figs-metonymy 0 honored his name Here “his name” stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MAL 3 17 em21 0 They will be mine “They will be my people” @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ MAL 4 1 i1qy figs-metaphor 0 all the arrogant and all the evildoers will become MAL 4 1 f4xr figs-metonymy 0 The day that is coming will burn them up Here “the day” stands for the events that will occur on that day. Alternate translation: “On that day I will burn them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MAL 4 1 x4ll figs-merism 0 it will leave them neither root nor branch This expression continues to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. So being deprived of all roots and branches stands for being completely killed off. Alternate translation: “nothing will be left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAL 4 2 tqe5 figs-metonymy 0 you who fear my name Here “my name” stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -MAL 4 2 jc14 0 the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings This can mean (1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or (2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people’s righteousness and heal them. +MAL 4 2 jc14 0 the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings This could mean: (1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or (2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people’s righteousness and heal them. MAL 4 2 p4nc figs-abstractnouns 0 healing in its wings This could mean: (1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or (2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAL 4 2 n991 figs-metaphor 0 wings It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. This could mean: (1) the sun’s life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or (2) the wings are said to cover God’s people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAL 4 2 is44 figs-simile 0 You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])