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@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ EPH 2 7 abcp grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase
EPH 2 7 y6cf ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν, τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις 1 in the ages that are coming Alternate translation: “in the future”
EPH 2 8 abcq grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had been saved by God, and not by their own good works. The result is that people would see the grace of God to us in Christ. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 8 t9pc figs-activepassive τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως 1 For by grace you have been saved through faith If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God saved you by grace because of your faith in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 2 8 abpc figs-abstractnouns τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι 1 For by grace you have been saved The word **grace** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God saved you as a free gift” or “God saved you because of his extreme kindness to you” See how you translated this phrase in [Ephesians 2:5](../02/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 2 8 abpc figs-abstractnouns τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι 1 For by grace you have been saved See how you translated this phrase in [Ephesians 2:5](../02/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 2 8 r8u8 τοῦτο 1 this The word **this** refers back to **by grace you have been saved by faith**.
EPH 2 9 al4s οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ἵνα μή τις καυχήσηται 1 not from works, so that no one may boast You may want to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Salvation does not come from works, so that no one may boast” or “God does not save a person because of what that person does, so no one can boast and say that he earned his salvation”
EPH 2 9 abcr grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God for saving believers by grace instead of by their works is that no person might boast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
@ -209,16 +209,16 @@ EPH 3 20 jk5c figs-exclusive 0 General Information: The words “we” and “u
EPH 3 20 m7gi 0 Connecting Statement: Paul concludes his prayer with a blessing.
EPH 3 20 zxj3 τῷ δὲ 1 And to him Alternate translation: “Now to God, who”
EPH 3 20 zxt3 ὑπὲρ πάντα, ποιῆσαι ὑπέρἐκπερισσοῦ ὧν αἰτούμεθα ἢ νοοῦμεν 1 to do exceedingly abundantly above all that we ask or think Alternate translation: “to do much more than all that we ask or think” or “to do things that are much greater than anything that we ask him for or think about”
EPH 3 21 ab12 figs-abstractnouns αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 to him be the glory in the church The word **glory** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “may God’s people glorify him” or “may God’s people praise him for how great he is” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 3 21 ab12 figs-abstractnouns αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 to him be the glory in the church If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **glory**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “may God’s people glorify him” or “may God’s people praise him for how great he is” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 intro ang8 0 # Ephesians 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 8, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Spiritual gifts<br><br>Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities that the Holy Spirit gives to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. These spiritual gifts were foundational to developing the church. Paul lists here only some of the spiritual gifts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Unity<br><br>Paul considers it very important that the church is united. This is a major theme of this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Old man and new man<br><br>The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ.
EPH 4 1 sb64 0 Connecting Statement: Because of what Paul has been writing to the Ephesians, he tells them how they should live their lives as believers and again emphasizes that believers are to agree with each other.
EPH 4 1 abda grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will be glorified in the church for all generations. The result is that believers should walk in a way that is worthy of the Lord. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 1 uss5 ὁ δέσμιος ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 the prisoner for the Lord Alternate translation: “someone who is in prison because he serves the Lord”
EPH 4 1 zxr1 figs-metaphor ἀξίως περιπατῆσαι τῆς κλήσεως 1 to walk worthily of the calling The phrase **to walk** is a common way to express the idea of living one’s life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 1 abc5 τῆς κλήσεως ἧς ἐκλήθητε 1 of the calling by which you were called Here, **the calling** refers to the fact that God chose them to be his people. Alternate translation: “because God chose you to be his people”
EPH 4 2 zs6s figs-abstractnouns μετὰ πάσης ταπεινοφροσύνης καὶ πραΰτητος 1 with all humility and gentleness, with patience The words **humility**, **gentleness**, and **patience** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “to learn to be humble, gentle, and patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 2 zs6s figs-abstractnouns μετὰ πάσης ταπεινοφροσύνης καὶ πραΰτητος 1 with all humility and gentleness, with patience If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **humility**, **gentleness**, and **patience**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “to learn to be humble, gentle, and patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 3 pi5c figs-metaphor τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης 1 to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace Here Paul speaks of **peace** as if it were a **bond** that ties people together. This is a metaphor for being united with other people by living peacefully with them. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 3 ab5c figs-abstractnouns τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης 1 to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace The words **unity** and **peace** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 3 ab5c figs-abstractnouns τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης 1 to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **unity** and **peace**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 4 x5kv ἓν σῶμα 1 There is one body The church is often referred to as the **body** of Christ.
EPH 4 4 y6ep ἓν Πνεῦμα 1 one Spirit Alternate translation: “only one Holy Spirit”
EPH 4 4 b9mr figs-activepassive ἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν 1 you were called in one certain hope of your calling If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God called you to have one confident hope in your calling” or “there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ EPH 4 6 bz5i Πατὴρ πάντων…ἐπὶ πάντων…διὰ πάν
EPH 4 7 pp9t 0 General Information: The quote here is from a song that King David wrote.
EPH 4 7 i4za 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds believers of the gifts that Christ gives believers to use in the church, which is the whole body of believers.
EPH 4 7 u2bw figs-activepassive ἑνὶ…ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις 1 to each one of us grace has been given If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has given grace to each one of us” or “God gave a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 4 7 abbw figs-abstractnouns ἑνὶ…ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις 1 to each one of us grace has been given The word **grace** is an abstract noun that refers here to a gift from God. Alternate translation: “God has given a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 7 abbw figs-abstractnouns ἑνὶ…ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις 1 to each one of us grace has been given If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **grace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “God has given a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 8 abdb grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that every believer has been given a spiritual gift. The result is that the Scripture says Jesus gave gifts to men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 8 wj8t ἀναβὰς εἰς ὕψος 1 When he ascended to the heights Alternate translation: “When Christ went up into heaven”
EPH 4 9 e5at ἀνέβη 1 He ascended Alternate translation: “Christ went up”
@ -240,23 +240,23 @@ EPH 4 12 n33m figs-metaphor εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ σώματος
EPH 4 12 pdh4 οἰκοδομὴν 1 the building up Alternate translation: “the improvement”
EPH 4 12 x5gd τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 of the body of Christ The **body of Christ** refers to all of the members of Christ’s Church.
EPH 4 13 w1ik καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 we all reach to the unity of the faith and the knowledge of the Son of God The believers need to know Jesus as the Son of God if they are to be united in faith and mature as believers.
EPH 4 13 er6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 we all reach to the unity of the faith The word **unity** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “we all become equally strong in faith” or “we all become united together in faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 13 ab6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 we all reach to the unity of the faith The word **faith** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “become united together as believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 13 cd6a figs-abstractnouns τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the knowledge of the Son of God The word **knowledge** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “all know well the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 13 er6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 we all reach to the unity of the faith If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **unity**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “we all become equally strong in faith” or “we all become united together in faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 13 ab6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 we all reach to the unity of the faith If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faith**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “become united together as believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 13 cd6a figs-abstractnouns τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the knowledge of the Son of God If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “all know well the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 13 x7k3 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 of the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
EPH 4 13 m3rt εἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον 1 to a mature man Alternate translation: “to a mature believer”
EPH 4 13 gv6m τέλειον 1 mature Alternate translation: “fully developed” or “grown up” or “complete”
EPH 4 14 abdc grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of gifted people in the church is to bring all the believers to spiritual maturity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 4 14 xgi4 figs-metaphor μηκέτι ὦμεν νήπιοι 1 we may no longer be children Paul refers to believers who have not grown spiritually as if they were **children** who have had very little experience in life. Alternate translation: “we may no longer be like children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 14 ndj2 figs-metaphor κλυδωνιζόμενοι καὶ περιφερόμενοι παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας 1 tossed back and forth by the waves and carried away by every wind of teaching Paul speaks of a believer who has not become mature and follows various wrong teachings as if that believer were a boat and the teachings were the **wind** and **waves** that move the boat in different directions on the water. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 14 r3bj figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ κυβίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐν πανουργίᾳ πρὸς τὴν μεθοδίαν τῆς πλάνης 1 through the trickery of people in cleverness for deceitful scheming The words **trickery**, **cleverness**, and **scheming** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 14 r3bj figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ κυβίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐν πανουργίᾳ πρὸς τὴν μεθοδίαν τῆς πλάνης 1 through the trickery of people in cleverness for deceitful scheming If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **trickery**, **cleverness**, and **scheming**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 abdd grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Following every changing teaching is in contrast to becoming mature in Christ and building up his body. Use a word in your language that indicates contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 15 ab88 figs-abstractnouns ἀληθεύοντες 1 speaking the truth The word **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 i2ff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love the word **love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 ab88 figs-abstractnouns ἀληθεύοντες 1 speaking the truth If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 i2ff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 zw32 figs-metaphor εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή 1 into him who is the head Paul uses a metaphor of the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the **head** of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 16 ll7f figs-metaphor ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται 1 from whom the whole body … causes the growth of the body Paul continues the metaphor of the believers as a human **body** with Christ as the head to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 16 ab7f grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 for building up itself in love The word **for** indicates a purpose clause. The purpose of all of the believers working together in harmony, as the members of a human body do, is so that all believers will grow in our ability to love each other and to love God. Use a word in your language that marks this as a purpose clause. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 4 16 abff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love The word **love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” or “to be able to love each other more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 16 abff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” or “to be able to love each other more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 16 l5r6 figs-metaphor διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας 1 by every supporting ligament Paul continues the metaphor comparing the believers to a human body. A **ligament** is a strong band that connects bones or holds organs in place in the body. Just as the body is held together by strong ligaments, so the believers are held together by love that grows stronger as the body parts grow and work together. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 17 n5cy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they, as believers, are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God.
EPH 4 17 abde grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ wants every believer to become spiritually mature and to serve the other believers. The result is that the Ephesian believers should no longer act as the Gentiles act. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
@ -282,11 +282,11 @@ EPH 4 22 j7n7 figs-metaphor ἀποθέσθαι ὑμᾶς κατὰ τὴν π
EPH 4 22 d3j6 figs-metaphor τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 the old man The **old man** refers to the “old nature” or “former self,” the way that the person was before the person became a believer in Christ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 22 qw3d figs-metaphor τὸν φθειρόμενον κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ἀπάτης 1 that is corrupt because of its deceitful desires Paul is continuing to speak of a sinful way of living as if it were a person who does evil things. Alternate translation: “when you fooled yourself into thinking that it was good to do whatever evil thing that you wanted to do” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 23 jy7h figs-activepassive ἀνανεοῦσθαι…τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν 1 to be renewed in the spirit of your minds This may be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “to allow God to change your attitudes and thoughts” or “to allow God to give you new attitudes and thoughts” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 4 24 x41y figs-abstractnouns ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότητι τῆς ἀληθείας 1 in righteousness and holiness of the truth The words **righteousness**, **holiness**, and **truth** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “truly righteous and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 24 x41y figs-abstractnouns ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότητι τῆς ἀληθείας 1 in righteousness and holiness of the truth If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **righteousness**, **holiness**, and **truth**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “truly righteous and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 24 abc7 figs-metaphor ἐνδύσασθαι τὸν καινὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 to put on the new man Paul continues to speak of a way of living as if it were a person, and also as if it were clothing, so that one could **put on** the **new** person like a robe. Alternate translation: “be the new person” or “start living in the new way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 25 abdi grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God has created the believers as new, holy people. The result is that they would stop acting immorally like they used to live. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 25 abn8 figs-metaphor ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος 1 putting aside lying Paul speaks of telling lies as if they were objects that the believers could set aside. Alternate translation: “no longer telling lies” or “instead of telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 25 ab23 figs-abstractnouns λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν ἕκαστος 1 let each of you speak truth The word **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “each of you should speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 25 ab23 figs-abstractnouns λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν ἕκαστος 1 let each of you speak truth If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “each of you should speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 25 abdj grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that believers are members of the same body of Christ. The result is that believers should speak the truth to each other. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 25 zh2g figs-metaphor ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 we are members of one another Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with each other as if they were each part of one single body. Alternate translation: “we belong to one another” or “we are all members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 26 w8rw ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε 1 Be angry and do not sin Alternate translation: “You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin”
@ -299,14 +299,14 @@ EPH 4 29 abdm grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλ’ 1 but The connecting wor
EPH 4 29 p9wc πρὸς οἰκοδομὴν 1 for building up Alternate translation: “for encouraging” or “for strengthening”
EPH 4 29 abdn grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of speaking things that build up others is to give grace to those who hear the words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 4 29 bv8a τῆς χρείας, ἵνα δῷ χάριν τοῖς ἀκούουσιν 1 the one in need, so that it might give grace to the hearers Alternate translation: “the needy. In this way you will help those who hear you”
EPH 4 29 ab8a figs-abstractnouns ἵνα δῷ χάριν τοῖς ἀκούουσιν 1 so that it might give grace to the hearers The word **grace** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “so that those who hear you may be spiritually encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 29 ab8a figs-abstractnouns ἵνα δῷ χάριν τοῖς ἀκούουσιν 1 so that it might give grace to the hearers If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **grace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “so that those who hear you may be spiritually encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 30 air6 μὴ λυπεῖτε 1 do not grieve Alternate translation: “do not distress” or “do not upset”
EPH 4 30 pgk9 figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως 1 by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption The Holy Spirit assures believers that God will redeem them. Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a mark that God puts on believers to show that he owns them. Alternate translation: “for he is the seal that assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption” or “for he is the one who assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 30 abck figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως 1 by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “for he has sealed you for the day of redemption” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 4 31 b72p 0 Connecting Statement: Paul finishes his instructions on what believers should not do and ends with what they must do.
EPH 4 31 v576 figs-metaphor ἀρθήτω 1 Let … be removed Paul speaks of attitudes and behaviors as though they were physical objects that can be removed. Alternate translation: “you must not allow … to be part of your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 31 t1gj figs-abstractnouns πικρία, καὶ θυμὸς, καὶ ὀργὴ 1 bitterness, and rage, and anger These are abstract nouns that can be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “being bitter, and intensely angry, and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 31 abgj figs-abstractnouns κακίᾳ 1 malice The word **malice** is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “being malicious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 31 t1gj figs-abstractnouns πικρία, καὶ θυμὸς, καὶ ὀργὴ 1 bitterness, and rage, and anger If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **bitterness**, **rage**, and **anger**, you could express the same ideas as adjectives. Alternate translation: “being bitter, and intensely angry, and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 31 abgj figs-abstractnouns κακίᾳ 1 malice If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **malice**, you could express the same idea as an adjective. Alternate translation: “being malicious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 32 abdo grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Speaking angry and hurtful things is in contrast to speaking kind and tender things to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 32 w7tk εὔσπλαγχνοι 1 tenderhearted Alternate translation: “gentle and compassionate towards others”
EPH 5 intro tdd2 0 # Ephesians 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 14.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Inheritance of the kingdom of Christ<br><br>Some scholars believe that those who continue to practice the things listed in 5:5 will not inherit eternal life. But God can forgive all the sins listed in this verse. Immoral, impure, or greedy people can still receive eternal life if they repent and believe in Jesus. God will be the one who decides this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wives, submit to your husbands<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe that men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe that God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they interpret this issue affect how they translate this passage.
@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ EPH 5 5 abc6 figs-metaphor ἀκάθαρτος 1 unclean Here being **unclean**
EPH 5 5 vb16 figs-metaphor οὐκ ἔχει κληρονομίαν 1 has no inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “will receive nothing” or “has no part” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 6 px7p κενοῖς λόγοις 1 with empty words Alternate translation: “with words that have no truth in them” or “by speaking words that are not true”
EPH 5 6 abds grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 for The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first: that the Ephesian believers should not let anyone deceive them with empty words. Then the reason is stated: that the wrath of God will judge those things. Use a phrase that connects a reason to a result, and put them in the order that is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 6 ab16 figs-abstractnouns ἔρχεται ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ 1 the wrath of God is coming upon The word **wrath** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 5 6 ab16 figs-abstractnouns ἔρχεται ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ 1 the wrath of God is coming upon If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 5 6 ab73 figs-idiom τοὺς υἱοὺς τῆς ἀπειθείας 1 the sons of disobedience This is an idiom that means, “people who habitually disobey” or “people who are characterized by disobedience” Alternate translation: “those who disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EPH 5 7 abdt grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will judge those people in his wrath. The result is that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 8 wy9d figs-metaphor ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος 1 because formerly you were darkness Just as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin cannot see or understand the things of God. Alternate translation: “because formerly you did not understand anything about God” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ EPH 5 17 abe4 grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Because of this
EPH 5 17 abe5 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being foolish is in contrast to understanding God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 18 tz9e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live.
EPH 5 18 scp1 καὶ μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ 1 And do not get drunk with wine Alternate translation: “You should not get drunk from drinking wine”
EPH 5 18 cd33 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἀσωτία 1 in which is recklessness The word **recklessness** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “which leads to reckless behavior” or “because that will ruin you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 5 18 cd33 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἀσωτία 1 in which is recklessness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **recklessness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “which leads to reckless behavior” or “because that will ruin you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 5 18 lgw3 ἀλλὰ πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι 1 Instead, be filled with the Spirit Alternate translation: “Instead, you should be controlled by the Holy Spirit”
EPH 5 18 abe6 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Being drunk is in contrast to being filled with the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 19 egk6 figs-merism ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 psalms and hymns and spiritual songs This could mean: (1) Paul is using these words as a merism for “all sorts of songs to praise God” (2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ EPH 6 1 abeg grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 for The connecting word **for
EPH 6 3 abeh grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of obeying your father and mother is to live well and long on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 6 4 bb7g μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν 1 do not provoke your children to anger Alternate translation: “do not make your children angry” or “do not cause your children to be angry”
EPH 6 4 abei grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Fathers provoking their children to anger is in contrast to raising their children in discipline and instruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 6 4 ytg5 figs-abstractnouns ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου 1 raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord The abstract nouns **discipline** and **instruction** can be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “teach them to become adults by making sure that they know and do what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 6 4 ytg5 figs-abstractnouns ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου 1 raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **discipline** and **instruction**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “teach them to become adults by making sure that they know and do what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 6 5 s1pq figs-doublet φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 fear and trembling The phrase **fear and trembling** uses two similar ideas to emphasize the importance of honoring their masters. Alternate translation: “with deep respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 6 5 z6xx figs-hyperbole καὶ τρόμου 1 and trembling Here, **trembling** is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that slaves obey their masters. Alternate translation: “and deep respect” or “as though you were shaking with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EPH 6 5 pd6z figs-metonymy ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 in honesty of your heart Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
100 EPH 2 7 y6cf ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν, τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις 1 in the ages that are coming Alternate translation: “in the future”
101 EPH 2 8 abcq grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had been saved by God, and not by their own good works. The result is that people would see the grace of God to us in Christ. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
102 EPH 2 8 t9pc figs-activepassive τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως 1 For by grace you have been saved through faith If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God saved you by grace because of your faith in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
103 EPH 2 8 abpc figs-abstractnouns τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι 1 For by grace you have been saved The word **grace** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God saved you as a free gift” or “God saved you because of his extreme kindness to you” See how you translated this phrase in [Ephesians 2:5](../02/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) See how you translated this phrase in [Ephesians 2:5](../02/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
104 EPH 2 8 r8u8 τοῦτο 1 this The word **this** refers back to **by grace you have been saved by faith**.
105 EPH 2 9 al4s οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ἵνα μή τις καυχήσηται 1 not from works, so that no one may boast You may want to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Salvation does not come from works, so that no one may boast” or “God does not save a person because of what that person does, so no one can boast and say that he earned his salvation”
106 EPH 2 9 abcr grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God for saving believers by grace instead of by their works is that no person might boast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
209 EPH 3 20 m7gi 0 Connecting Statement: Paul concludes his prayer with a blessing.
210 EPH 3 20 zxj3 τῷ δὲ 1 And to him Alternate translation: “Now to God, who”
211 EPH 3 20 zxt3 ὑπὲρ πάντα, ποιῆσαι ὑπέρἐκπερισσοῦ ὧν αἰτούμεθα ἢ νοοῦμεν 1 to do exceedingly abundantly above all that we ask or think Alternate translation: “to do much more than all that we ask or think” or “to do things that are much greater than anything that we ask him for or think about”
212 EPH 3 21 ab12 figs-abstractnouns αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 to him be the glory in the church The word **glory** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “may God’s people glorify him” or “may God’s people praise him for how great he is” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **glory**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “may God’s people glorify him” or “may God’s people praise him for how great he is” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
213 EPH 4 intro ang8 0 # Ephesians 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 8, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Spiritual gifts<br><br>Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities that the Holy Spirit gives to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. These spiritual gifts were foundational to developing the church. Paul lists here only some of the spiritual gifts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Unity<br><br>Paul considers it very important that the church is united. This is a major theme of this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Old man and new man<br><br>The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ.
214 EPH 4 1 sb64 0 Connecting Statement: Because of what Paul has been writing to the Ephesians, he tells them how they should live their lives as believers and again emphasizes that believers are to agree with each other.
215 EPH 4 1 abda grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will be glorified in the church for all generations. The result is that believers should walk in a way that is worthy of the Lord. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
216 EPH 4 1 uss5 ὁ δέσμιος ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 the prisoner for the Lord Alternate translation: “someone who is in prison because he serves the Lord”
217 EPH 4 1 zxr1 figs-metaphor ἀξίως περιπατῆσαι τῆς κλήσεως 1 to walk worthily of the calling The phrase **to walk** is a common way to express the idea of living one’s life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
218 EPH 4 1 abc5 τῆς κλήσεως ἧς ἐκλήθητε 1 of the calling by which you were called Here, **the calling** refers to the fact that God chose them to be his people. Alternate translation: “because God chose you to be his people”
219 EPH 4 2 zs6s figs-abstractnouns μετὰ πάσης ταπεινοφροσύνης καὶ πραΰτητος 1 with all humility and gentleness, with patience The words **humility**, **gentleness**, and **patience** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “to learn to be humble, gentle, and patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **humility**, **gentleness**, and **patience**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “to learn to be humble, gentle, and patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
220 EPH 4 3 pi5c figs-metaphor τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης 1 to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace Here Paul speaks of **peace** as if it were a **bond** that ties people together. This is a metaphor for being united with other people by living peacefully with them. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
221 EPH 4 3 ab5c figs-abstractnouns τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης 1 to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace The words **unity** and **peace** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **unity** and **peace**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
222 EPH 4 4 x5kv ἓν σῶμα 1 There is one body The church is often referred to as the **body** of Christ.
223 EPH 4 4 y6ep ἓν Πνεῦμα 1 one Spirit Alternate translation: “only one Holy Spirit”
224 EPH 4 4 b9mr figs-activepassive ἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν 1 you were called in one certain hope of your calling If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God called you to have one confident hope in your calling” or “there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
226 EPH 4 7 pp9t 0 General Information: The quote here is from a song that King David wrote.
227 EPH 4 7 i4za 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds believers of the gifts that Christ gives believers to use in the church, which is the whole body of believers.
228 EPH 4 7 u2bw figs-activepassive ἑνὶ…ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις 1 to each one of us grace has been given If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has given grace to each one of us” or “God gave a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
229 EPH 4 7 abbw figs-abstractnouns ἑνὶ…ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις 1 to each one of us grace has been given The word **grace** is an abstract noun that refers here to a gift from God. Alternate translation: “God has given a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **grace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “God has given a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
230 EPH 4 8 abdb grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that every believer has been given a spiritual gift. The result is that the Scripture says Jesus gave gifts to men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
231 EPH 4 8 wj8t ἀναβὰς εἰς ὕψος 1 When he ascended to the heights Alternate translation: “When Christ went up into heaven”
232 EPH 4 9 e5at ἀνέβη 1 He ascended Alternate translation: “Christ went up”
240 EPH 4 12 pdh4 οἰκοδομὴν 1 the building up Alternate translation: “the improvement”
241 EPH 4 12 x5gd τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 of the body of Christ The **body of Christ** refers to all of the members of Christ’s Church.
242 EPH 4 13 w1ik καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 we all reach to the unity of the faith and the knowledge of the Son of God The believers need to know Jesus as the Son of God if they are to be united in faith and mature as believers.
243 EPH 4 13 er6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 we all reach to the unity of the faith The word **unity** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “we all become equally strong in faith” or “we all become united together in faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **unity**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “we all become equally strong in faith” or “we all become united together in faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
244 EPH 4 13 ab6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 we all reach to the unity of the faith The word **faith** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “become united together as believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faith**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “become united together as believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
245 EPH 4 13 cd6a figs-abstractnouns τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the knowledge of the Son of God The word **knowledge** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “all know well the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “all know well the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
246 EPH 4 13 x7k3 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 of the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
247 EPH 4 13 m3rt εἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον 1 to a mature man Alternate translation: “to a mature believer”
248 EPH 4 13 gv6m τέλειον 1 mature Alternate translation: “fully developed” or “grown up” or “complete”
249 EPH 4 14 abdc grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of gifted people in the church is to bring all the believers to spiritual maturity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
250 EPH 4 14 xgi4 figs-metaphor μηκέτι ὦμεν νήπιοι 1 we may no longer be children Paul refers to believers who have not grown spiritually as if they were **children** who have had very little experience in life. Alternate translation: “we may no longer be like children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
251 EPH 4 14 ndj2 figs-metaphor κλυδωνιζόμενοι καὶ περιφερόμενοι παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας 1 tossed back and forth by the waves and carried away by every wind of teaching Paul speaks of a believer who has not become mature and follows various wrong teachings as if that believer were a boat and the teachings were the **wind** and **waves** that move the boat in different directions on the water. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252 EPH 4 14 r3bj figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ κυβίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐν πανουργίᾳ πρὸς τὴν μεθοδίαν τῆς πλάνης 1 through the trickery of people in cleverness for deceitful scheming The words **trickery**, **cleverness**, and **scheming** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **trickery**, **cleverness**, and **scheming**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
253 EPH 4 15 abdd grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Following every changing teaching is in contrast to becoming mature in Christ and building up his body. Use a word in your language that indicates contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
254 EPH 4 15 ab88 figs-abstractnouns ἀληθεύοντες 1 speaking the truth The word **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
255 EPH 4 15 i2ff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love the word **love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
256 EPH 4 15 zw32 figs-metaphor εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή 1 into him who is the head Paul uses a metaphor of the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the **head** of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
257 EPH 4 16 ll7f figs-metaphor ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται 1 from whom the whole body … causes the growth of the body Paul continues the metaphor of the believers as a human **body** with Christ as the head to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
258 EPH 4 16 ab7f grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 for building up itself in love The word **for** indicates a purpose clause. The purpose of all of the believers working together in harmony, as the members of a human body do, is so that all believers will grow in our ability to love each other and to love God. Use a word in your language that marks this as a purpose clause. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
259 EPH 4 16 abff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love The word **love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” or “to be able to love each other more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” or “to be able to love each other more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
260 EPH 4 16 l5r6 figs-metaphor διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας 1 by every supporting ligament Paul continues the metaphor comparing the believers to a human body. A **ligament** is a strong band that connects bones or holds organs in place in the body. Just as the body is held together by strong ligaments, so the believers are held together by love that grows stronger as the body parts grow and work together. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
261 EPH 4 17 n5cy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they, as believers, are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God.
262 EPH 4 17 abde grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ wants every believer to become spiritually mature and to serve the other believers. The result is that the Ephesian believers should no longer act as the Gentiles act. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
282 EPH 4 22 d3j6 figs-metaphor τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 the old man The **old man** refers to the “old nature” or “former self,” the way that the person was before the person became a believer in Christ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
283 EPH 4 22 qw3d figs-metaphor τὸν φθειρόμενον κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ἀπάτης 1 that is corrupt because of its deceitful desires Paul is continuing to speak of a sinful way of living as if it were a person who does evil things. Alternate translation: “when you fooled yourself into thinking that it was good to do whatever evil thing that you wanted to do” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
284 EPH 4 23 jy7h figs-activepassive ἀνανεοῦσθαι…τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν 1 to be renewed in the spirit of your minds This may be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “to allow God to change your attitudes and thoughts” or “to allow God to give you new attitudes and thoughts” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
285 EPH 4 24 x41y figs-abstractnouns ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότητι τῆς ἀληθείας 1 in righteousness and holiness of the truth The words **righteousness**, **holiness**, and **truth** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “truly righteous and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **righteousness**, **holiness**, and **truth**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “truly righteous and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
286 EPH 4 24 abc7 figs-metaphor ἐνδύσασθαι τὸν καινὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 to put on the new man Paul continues to speak of a way of living as if it were a person, and also as if it were clothing, so that one could **put on** the **new** person like a robe. Alternate translation: “be the new person” or “start living in the new way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
287 EPH 4 25 abdi grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God has created the believers as new, holy people. The result is that they would stop acting immorally like they used to live. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
288 EPH 4 25 abn8 figs-metaphor ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος 1 putting aside lying Paul speaks of telling lies as if they were objects that the believers could set aside. Alternate translation: “no longer telling lies” or “instead of telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
289 EPH 4 25 ab23 figs-abstractnouns λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν ἕκαστος 1 let each of you speak truth The word **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “each of you should speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “each of you should speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
290 EPH 4 25 abdj grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that believers are members of the same body of Christ. The result is that believers should speak the truth to each other. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
291 EPH 4 25 zh2g figs-metaphor ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 we are members of one another Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with each other as if they were each part of one single body. Alternate translation: “we belong to one another” or “we are all members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
292 EPH 4 26 w8rw ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε 1 Be angry and do not sin Alternate translation: “You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin”
299 EPH 4 29 p9wc πρὸς οἰκοδομὴν 1 for building up Alternate translation: “for encouraging” or “for strengthening”
300 EPH 4 29 abdn grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of speaking things that build up others is to give grace to those who hear the words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
301 EPH 4 29 bv8a τῆς χρείας, ἵνα δῷ χάριν τοῖς ἀκούουσιν 1 the one in need, so that it might give grace to the hearers Alternate translation: “the needy. In this way you will help those who hear you”
302 EPH 4 29 ab8a figs-abstractnouns ἵνα δῷ χάριν τοῖς ἀκούουσιν 1 so that it might give grace to the hearers The word **grace** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “so that those who hear you may be spiritually encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **grace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “so that those who hear you may be spiritually encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
303 EPH 4 30 air6 μὴ λυπεῖτε 1 do not grieve Alternate translation: “do not distress” or “do not upset”
304 EPH 4 30 pgk9 figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως 1 by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption The Holy Spirit assures believers that God will redeem them. Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a mark that God puts on believers to show that he owns them. Alternate translation: “for he is the seal that assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption” or “for he is the one who assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
305 EPH 4 30 abck figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως 1 by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “for he has sealed you for the day of redemption” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
306 EPH 4 31 b72p 0 Connecting Statement: Paul finishes his instructions on what believers should not do and ends with what they must do.
307 EPH 4 31 v576 figs-metaphor ἀρθήτω 1 Let … be removed Paul speaks of attitudes and behaviors as though they were physical objects that can be removed. Alternate translation: “you must not allow … to be part of your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
308 EPH 4 31 t1gj figs-abstractnouns πικρία, καὶ θυμὸς, καὶ ὀργὴ 1 bitterness, and rage, and anger These are abstract nouns that can be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “being bitter, and intensely angry, and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **bitterness**, **rage**, and **anger**, you could express the same ideas as adjectives. Alternate translation: “being bitter, and intensely angry, and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
309 EPH 4 31 abgj figs-abstractnouns κακίᾳ 1 malice The word **malice** is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “being malicious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **malice**, you could express the same idea as an adjective. Alternate translation: “being malicious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
310 EPH 4 32 abdo grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Speaking angry and hurtful things is in contrast to speaking kind and tender things to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
311 EPH 4 32 w7tk εὔσπλαγχνοι 1 tenderhearted Alternate translation: “gentle and compassionate towards others”
312 EPH 5 intro tdd2 0 # Ephesians 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 14.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Inheritance of the kingdom of Christ<br><br>Some scholars believe that those who continue to practice the things listed in 5:5 will not inherit eternal life. But God can forgive all the sins listed in this verse. Immoral, impure, or greedy people can still receive eternal life if they repent and believe in Jesus. God will be the one who decides this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wives, submit to your husbands<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe that men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe that God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they interpret this issue affect how they translate this passage.
325 EPH 5 5 vb16 figs-metaphor οὐκ ἔχει κληρονομίαν 1 has no inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “will receive nothing” or “has no part” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
326 EPH 5 6 px7p κενοῖς λόγοις 1 with empty words Alternate translation: “with words that have no truth in them” or “by speaking words that are not true”
327 EPH 5 6 abds grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 for The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first: that the Ephesian believers should not let anyone deceive them with empty words. Then the reason is stated: that the wrath of God will judge those things. Use a phrase that connects a reason to a result, and put them in the order that is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
328 EPH 5 6 ab16 figs-abstractnouns ἔρχεται ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ 1 the wrath of God is coming upon The word **wrath** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
329 EPH 5 6 ab73 figs-idiom τοὺς υἱοὺς τῆς ἀπειθείας 1 the sons of disobedience This is an idiom that means, “people who habitually disobey” or “people who are characterized by disobedience” Alternate translation: “those who disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
330 EPH 5 7 abdt grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will judge those people in his wrath. The result is that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
331 EPH 5 8 wy9d figs-metaphor ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος 1 because formerly you were darkness Just as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin cannot see or understand the things of God. Alternate translation: “because formerly you did not understand anything about God” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
362 EPH 5 17 abe5 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being foolish is in contrast to understanding God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
363 EPH 5 18 tz9e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live.
364 EPH 5 18 scp1 καὶ μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ 1 And do not get drunk with wine Alternate translation: “You should not get drunk from drinking wine”
365 EPH 5 18 cd33 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἀσωτία 1 in which is recklessness The word **recklessness** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “which leads to reckless behavior” or “because that will ruin you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **recklessness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “which leads to reckless behavior” or “because that will ruin you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
366 EPH 5 18 lgw3 ἀλλὰ πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι 1 Instead, be filled with the Spirit Alternate translation: “Instead, you should be controlled by the Holy Spirit”
367 EPH 5 18 abe6 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Being drunk is in contrast to being filled with the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
368 EPH 5 19 egk6 figs-merism ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 psalms and hymns and spiritual songs This could mean: (1) Paul is using these words as a merism for “all sorts of songs to praise God” (2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
405 EPH 6 3 abeh grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of obeying your father and mother is to live well and long on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
406 EPH 6 4 bb7g μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν 1 do not provoke your children to anger Alternate translation: “do not make your children angry” or “do not cause your children to be angry”
407 EPH 6 4 abei grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Fathers provoking their children to anger is in contrast to raising their children in discipline and instruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
408 EPH 6 4 ytg5 figs-abstractnouns ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου 1 raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord The abstract nouns **discipline** and **instruction** can be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “teach them to become adults by making sure that they know and do what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **discipline** and **instruction**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “teach them to become adults by making sure that they know and do what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
409 EPH 6 5 s1pq figs-doublet φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 fear and trembling The phrase **fear and trembling** uses two similar ideas to emphasize the importance of honoring their masters. Alternate translation: “with deep respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
410 EPH 6 5 z6xx figs-hyperbole καὶ τρόμου 1 and trembling Here, **trembling** is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that slaves obey their masters. Alternate translation: “and deep respect” or “as though you were shaking with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
411 EPH 6 5 pd6z figs-metonymy ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 in honesty of your heart Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])