From 9c36100db607af99f906498af8bb0a15d6970524 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: justplainjane47 Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2022 22:15:35 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Edit 'en_tn_47-1CO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' --- en_tn_47-1CO.tsv | 30 +++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_47-1CO.tsv b/en_tn_47-1CO.tsv index 67ce644029..2e02c419e4 100644 --- a/en_tn_47-1CO.tsv +++ b/en_tn_47-1CO.tsv @@ -2225,22 +2225,22 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CO 15 27 p2m3 translate-unknown ἐκτὸς 1 he has put everything under his feet Here, **excepted** identifies something as an “exception” to a general rule or statement. Here Paul means that **the one who put everything** is not included in **everything**. If your readers would misunderstand **{is} excepted**, you could use a word or phrase that identifies an exception. Alternate translation: “is not included” or “is not subjected” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 1CO 15 28 xm8u figs-activepassive ὑποταγῇ…τὰ πάντα 1 all things are subjected to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive here to focus on **all things** that are **subjected**, rather than focusing on the one doing the “subjecting.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God has subjected all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 28 im2j guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς 1 the Son Paul here refers to God **the Son** as opposed to God “the Father,” whom he referred to in [15:24](../15/24.md). Use a translation that clearly refers to God **the Son**. Alternate translation: “God’s Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -1CO 15 28 a1cd figs-activepassive καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Υἱὸς, ὑποταγήσεται 1 the Son himself will be subjected If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive here to focus on **the Son** who is **subjected**, rather than the one doing the “subjecting.” If you must state who does the action, Paul could imply that: (1) the **Son** does it to himself. Alternate translation: “the Son will also subject himself” (2) “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God will subject the Son himself also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 28 a1cd figs-activepassive καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Υἱὸς, ὑποταγήσεται 1 the Son himself will be subjected If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive here to focus on **the Son** who is **subjected**, rather than focusing on the one doing the “subjecting.” If you must state who does the action, Paul could imply that: (1) the **Son** does it to himself. Alternate translation: “the Son will also subject himself” (2) “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God will subject the Son himself also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 28 m6e3 figs-rpronouns αὐτὸς ὁ Υἱὸς 1 the Son himself will be subjected Here, **himself** focuses attention on **the Son** and emphasizes that **the Son** is the one doing this. If **himself** would not draw attention to **the Son** in your language, you could express the attention or focus in another way. Alternate translation: “even the Son” or “the Son indeed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) 1CO 15 28 ksj4 figs-explicit τῷ ὑποτάξαντι αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα 1 the Son himself Here, just as in [15:27](../15/27.md), the Corinthians would have known that **the one who subjected all things** is God the Father. If your readers would not make this inference, you could include an explicit reference to “God.” Alternate translation: “to the one who subjected all things to him, that is, God,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1CO 15 28 aye7 ὁ Θεὸς 1 the Son himself Here, **God** could refer to: (1) **God** the Father specifically. Alternate translation: “God the Father” (2) all three persons that are **God**. Alternate translation: “the Trinity” or “the trinitarian God” 1CO 15 28 v3lb figs-idiom πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν 1 the Son himself Here, **all in all** is a phrase that emphasizes that **God** rules and controls everything that exists. If your readers would misunderstand **all in all**, you could use a comparable phrase that refers to how **God** rules and controls **all** things. Alternate translation: “supreme” or “the one who rules all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1CO 15 29 j7o9 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἐπεὶ 1 Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead? Here, **Otherwise** introduces the opposite of what Paul has argued in [15:12–28](../15/12.md). If what he has argued about Jesus’ resurrection and its importance is not true, then what he says in this verse must be true. If your readers would misunderstand **Otherwise**, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an opposite or contrast. Alternate translation: “If all that is not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) 1CO 15 29 a4d4 figs-rquestion τί ποιήσουσιν, οἱ βαπτιζόμενοι ὑπὲρ τῶν νεκρῶν? 1 Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead? Paul does not ask this question because he is looking for information. Rather, he asks it to involve the Corinthians in what he is arguing. The implied answer to the question is “they accomplish nothing.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express the idea by using a strong negation. Alternate translation: “those who are baptized for the dead do nothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -1CO 15 29 izah figs-activepassive ποιήσουσιν, οἱ βαπτιζόμενοι 1 Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on those who are getting **baptized** rather than the person doing the “baptizing.” If you must state who does the action, you could use a vague or indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “will those do whom others baptize” or “will those do who receive baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 29 izah figs-activepassive ποιήσουσιν, οἱ βαπτιζόμενοι 1 Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on those who are getting **baptized** rather than focusing on the person doing the “baptizing.” If you must state who does the action, you could use a vague or indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “will those do whom others baptize” or “will those do who receive baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 29 jpb7 figs-explicit ποιήσουσιν, οἱ βαπτιζόμενοι 1 Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead? Here Paul speaks of “doing” something in the future. He could be referring to: (1) the intended result of being **baptized**, which happens after the baptism. Alternate translation: “will those accomplish who are baptized” (2) what the people **who are baptized** think that they are doing. Alternate translation: “do those who are baptized think that they are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1CO 15 29 m7v6 figs-explicit ποιήσουσιν, οἱ βαπτιζόμενοι ὑπὲρ τῶν νεκρῶν…βαπτίζονται ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν 1 Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead? It is unclear what being **baptized for the dead** actually means and what kind of practice it refers to. What is clear is that the practice only makes sense if one believes that **the dead** are **raised**. If possible, express these phrases in general terms. Two of the most common ways to understand being **baptized for the dead** are that it could refer to: (1) the practice of living believers receiving baptism in place of people who died without being baptized. Alternate translation: “will those do who are baptized in place of the dead … are they baptized in their place” (2) people receiving baptism because they believe that the **dead** will “rise.” They could be expecting their own resurrection or the resurrection of people they knew who are **dead**. Alternate translation: “will those do who are baptized with the dead in mind … are they baptized with them in mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1CO 15 29 js1o figs-nominaladj τῶν νεκρῶν…νεκροὶ 1 Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead? Paul is using the adjective **dead** as a noun in order to refer to all people who are **dead**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the dead people … the dead people” or “the corpses … the corpses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 1CO 15 29 lw86 figs-hypo εἰ ὅλως νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται, τί καὶ βαπτίζονται ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν? 1 If the dead are not raised at all, why are they baptized for them? Here Paul is using a hypothetical situation to teach the Corinthians. He wants them to imagine again that **the dead are not raised**. In this situation, there is no reason for people to be **baptized for them**. Use a natural way in your language to speak about a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Imagine that the dead are not raised. In this situation, why are they baptized for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 1CO 15 29 t3yc grammar-connect-condition-contrary εἰ ὅλως νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται 1 are not raised Here Paul is making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but he is already convinced that the condition is not true. He knows that **the dead** really are **raised**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a condition that the speaker believes is not true. Alternate translation: “if the dead actually are not raised at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]]) -1CO 15 29 jdc9 figs-activepassive νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται 1 the dead are not raised If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on those who are or **are not raised** rather than the person doing the “raising.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God does not raise the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 29 jdc9 figs-activepassive νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται 1 the dead are not raised If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on those who are or **are not raised** rather than focusing on the person doing the “raising.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God does not raise the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 29 s7kx figs-rquestion τί καὶ βαπτίζονται ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν 1 why then are they baptized for them? Paul does not ask this question because he is looking for information. Rather, he asks it to involve the Corinthians in what he is arguing. The implied answer to the question is “there is no reason why.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express the idea by using a strong negation. Alternate translation: “they are baptized for them for nothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -1CO 15 29 mdnr figs-activepassive βαπτίζονται 1 why then are they baptized for them? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on those who are getting **baptized** rather than the person doing the “baptizing.” If you must state who does the action, you could use a vague or indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “do others baptize them” or “do they receive baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 29 mdnr figs-activepassive βαπτίζονται 1 why then are they baptized for them? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on those who are getting **baptized** rather than focusing on the person doing the “baptizing.” If you must state who does the action, you could use a vague or indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “do others baptize them” or “do they receive baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 29 wibf writing-pronouns βαπτίζονται ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν 1 why then are they baptized for them? Here, **they** refers to the people **who are baptized for the dead**, while **them** refers to **the dead**. If your readers would misunderstand these pronouns, you could state the people they refer to explicitly. Alternate translation: “are these people baptized for the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) 1CO 15 30 mh1y grammar-connect-words-phrases τί καὶ 1 Why then, are we in danger every hour? Here, **Why also** introduces another response to the condition “If the dead are not raised at all” in [15:29](../15/29.md). Use a word or phrase that clearly connects this question back to that condition. Alternate translation: “Again, if that is true, why” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 1CO 15 30 h4ra figs-rquestion τί καὶ ἡμεῖς κινδυνεύομεν πᾶσαν ὥραν? 1 Why then, are we in danger every hour? Paul does not ask this question because he is looking for information. Rather, he asks it to involve the Corinthians in what he is arguing. The implied answer to the question is “there is no reason why.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express the idea by using a strong affirmation. Alternate translation: “We also are in danger every hour for nothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -2280,14 +2280,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CO 15 35 ewpu grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλ’ 1 Connecting Statement: Here, **But** introduces an objection or at least a problem with what Paul has argued about how God raises the dead. Since **But** introduces a new section of the argument, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a new development in the argument. Alternate translation: “Next,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) 1CO 15 35 w4hk writing-quotations ἐρεῖ τις 1 Connecting Statement: Here Paul uses the phrase **someone will say** to bring up an objection or a problem with what he has been arguing. He does not have in mind a specific person. If your readers would misunderstand **someone will say**, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a counterargument or a problem. Alternate translation: “it may be objected” or “questions may be raised:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) 1CO 15 35 hw4a figs-quotations ἐρεῖ…πῶς ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί? ποίῳ δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται? 1 But someone will say, “How are the dead raised, and with what kind of body will they come?” If you do not use this form in your language, you could translate these questions as indirect quotes instead of as direct quotes. Make sure that it is clear that these are questions that are looking for information. Alternate translation: “will ask how the dead are raised and with what kind of body they come.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -1CO 15 35 ty4t figs-activepassive ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί 1 someone will say If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on who are **raised** rather than the person doing the “raising.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “does God raise the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 35 ty4t figs-activepassive ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί 1 someone will say If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on who are **raised** rather than focusing on the person doing the “raising.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “does God raise the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 35 l4lv figs-nominaladj οἱ νεκροί 1 someone will say Paul is using the adjective **dead** as a noun in order to refer to all people who are **dead**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the dead people” or “the corpses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 1CO 15 35 e5lv translate-unknown ἔρχονται 1 with what kind of body will they come Here, the person asking the question speaks as if **the dead** can **come**. This could refer to: (1) the existence of **the dead**. In other words, **come** would refer to anything that **the dead** do. Alternate translation: “do they do things” or “do they exist” (2) how the believing dead **come** with Christ when he returns to earth. Alternate translation: “do they come with Christ at his return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 1CO 15 36 ha84 figs-yousingular ἄφρων! σὺ ὃ σπείρεις 1 You are so foolish! What you sow Here Paul addresses the person who asked the question in the previous verse ([15:35](../15/35.md)). That person is a hypothetical “someone,” but Paul still addresses the answer to **you** in the singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) 1CO 15 36 jnf9 figs-exclamations ἄφρων! σὺ 1 You are so foolish! What you sow Here Paul calls the hypothetical “someone” who asked the questions ([15:35](../15/35.md)) a **foolish one**. He does not mean that the questions are wrong, for he spends many of the next verses answering these questions. Rather, he means that someone who does not know the answers to these questions is **foolish**. If your readers would misunderstand **foolish one**, you could use a word or phrase that identifies someone who should know something but does not. Alternate translation: “You silly person” or “You know nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) 1CO 15 36 q2zd ὃ σπείρεις, οὐ ζῳοποιεῖται, ἐὰν μὴ ἀποθάνῃ 1 What you sow will not start to grow unless it dies In [15:36–38](../15/36.md), Paul speaks about how farmers **sow** seeds as an analogy for understanding how the dead resurrect. In this verse, the point is that seeds have a new kind of “life” after they are buried in the ground and thus “die.” Just like this, humans also have a new kind of “life” after they “die.” If your readers would misunderstand how Paul introduces the analogy here, you could make it clear that he is using an analogy. Alternate translation: “Here is an example: what you sow is not caused to live unless it dies” 1CO 15 36 o81c translate-unknown ὃ σπείρεις, οὐ ζῳοποιεῖται, ἐὰν μὴ ἀποθάνῃ 1 What you sow will not start to grow unless it dies Here Paul speaks about farming practices that were common in his culture. A farmer would **sow** seeds on the dirt in a field, and the seed would sink into the field and seemingly “die.” Only after a period where it lies “dead” in the ground does the seed **live** in new form as a plant. You could use words or phrases that describe these kinds of farming practices in your culture. Paul specifically uses **live** and **die** to connect the farming practices to human “life” and “death,” so if possible use terms that can apply to both humans and seeds. Alternate translation: “The seeds that you plant do not live as plants unless they are first buried in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -1CO 15 36 elgv figs-activepassive οὐ ζῳοποιεῖται 1 What you sow will not start to grow unless it dies If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on how **What you sow** ends up “living” rather than on what or who causes it **to live**. If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” or the plant itself does it. Alternate translation: “God does not cause to live” or “does not begin to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 36 elgv figs-activepassive οὐ ζῳοποιεῖται 1 What you sow will not start to grow unless it dies If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on how **What you sow** ends up “living” rather than focusing on on what or who causes it **to live**. If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” or the plant itself does it. Alternate translation: “God does not cause to live” or “does not begin to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 36 uiv9 grammar-connect-exceptions οὐ ζῳοποιεῖται, ἐὰν μὴ ἀποθάνῃ 1 What you sow will not start to grow unless it dies If it would appear in your language that Paul was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this sentence to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “only is caused to live unless it dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) 1CO 15 37 pw6v figs-ellipsis ὃ σπείρεις 1 What you sow is not the body that will be Here Paul refers to **what you sow** without including a main verb. He does this in order to identify the topic that he is about to comment on. If your language would not introduce a topic in this way, you could include a main verb or use a form that normally introduces a topic in your language. Alternate translation: “while we are speaking about what you sow” or “when you sow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 1CO 15 37 h6zi figs-yousingular ὃ σπείρεις, οὐ…σπείρεις 1 What you sow Here Paul continues to address the person who asked the question in [15:35](../15/35.md). That person is a hypothetical “someone,” but Paul still addresses the answer to **you** in the singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) @@ -2317,21 +2317,21 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CO 15 42 ay76 figs-abstractnouns ἡ ἀνάστασις τῶν νεκρῶν 1 is raised If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **resurrection**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “resurrect” or “live again.” Alternate translation: “the way in which the dead will resurrect” or “how the dead will be restored to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1CO 15 42 lbrp figs-nominaladj τῶν νεκρῶν 1 is raised Paul is using the adjective **dead** as a noun in order to refer to all people who are **dead**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “of the dead people” or “of the corpses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 1CO 15 42 s12t figs-metaphor σπείρεται ἐν φθορᾷ 1 What is sown … what is raised Here Paul speaks as if a dead body were **sown** like a seed. He speaks in this way to connect how a dead body is buried in the ground to how a seed is **sown** in the ground. However, Paul does not continue the metaphor when he talks about how the body **is raised**, since those are his normal words for speaking about resurrection. If your readers would misunderstand **is sown**, you could use a comparable phrase that applies to both seeds and human bodies, or you could express the idea using an analogy. Alternate translation: “The body that is put in the ground in decay, just like a seed,” or “What is planted in decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1CO 15 42 b6ob figs-activepassive σπείρεται ἐν φθορᾷ, ἐγείρεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on the body that **is sown** and **raised** rather than the people who do those actions. If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “people” do the sowing and “God” does the raising. Alternate translation: “What people sow in decay God raises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 42 b6ob figs-activepassive σπείρεται ἐν φθορᾷ, ἐγείρεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on the body that **is sown** and **raised** rather than focusing on the people who do those actions. If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “people” do the sowing and “God” does the raising. Alternate translation: “What people sow in decay God raises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 42 rw3k figs-abstractnouns ἐν φθορᾷ, ἐγείρεται ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ 1 in decay … in immortality If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas behind **decay** and **immortality**, you could express the ideas by using verbs such as “decay” or “die.” Alternate translation: “What is sown while it decays is raised so that it never decays again” or “when it dies is raised in such a way that it never dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1CO 15 43 ssjk figs-parallelism σπείρεται ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ, ἐγείρεται ἐν δόξῃ; σπείρεται ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ, ἐγείρεται ἐν δυνάμει; 1 It is sown … it is raised Here Paul repeats **is sown in**, **is raised in**, and similar structure in three consecutive sentences (see the end of [15:42](../15/42.md)). This was worded powerfully in his culture, and it emphasizes the three distinctions between how the body **is sown** and **raised**. If your readers would misunderstand why Paul repeats words and structure, and if it would not be worded powerfully or emphatic in your culture, you could eliminate some or all of the repetition and make the statements powerful in another way. If you use the following alternate translation, you will need to omit “What is sown in decay is raised in immortality” in [15:42](../15/42.md), since the alternate translation includes that idea. Alternate translation: “What is sown in dishonorable decay is raised in glorious immortality” or “What is sown in decay, dishonor, and weakness is raised in immortality, glory, and power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 1CO 15 43 h4u5 figs-metaphor σπείρεται ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ…σπείρεται ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ 1 It is sown … it is raised Here, just as in [15:42](../15/42.md), Paul speaks as if a dead body were **sown** like a seed. He speaks in this way to connect how a dead body is buried in the ground to how a seed is **sown** in the ground. However, Paul does not continue the metaphor when he talks about how the body **is raised**, since those are his normal words for speaking about resurrection. If your readers would misunderstand **is sown**, you could use a comparable phrase that applies to both seeds and human bodies, or you could express the idea using an analogy. Alternate translation: “The body is put in the ground in dishonor, just like a seed … The body is put in the ground in weakness, just like a seed” or “It is planted in dishonor … It is planted in weakness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1CO 15 43 zo03 figs-activepassive σπείρεται…ἐγείρεται…σπείρεται…ἐγείρεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on the body that **is sown** and **raised** rather than the people who do those actions. If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “people” do the sowing and “God” does the raising. Alternate translation: “People sow it … God raises it … People sow it … God raises it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 43 zo03 figs-activepassive σπείρεται…ἐγείρεται…σπείρεται…ἐγείρεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on the body that **is sown** and **raised** rather than focusing on the people who do those actions. If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “people” do the sowing and “God” does the raising. Alternate translation: “People sow it … God raises it … People sow it … God raises it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 43 v892 figs-abstractnouns σπείρεται ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ, ἐγείρεται ἐν δόξῃ 1 It is sown … it is raised If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas behind **dishonor** and **glory**, you could express the idea by using adjectives such as “dishonorable” and “glorious.” Alternate translation: “A dishonorable body is sown; a glorious body is raised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1CO 15 43 fcpv figs-abstractnouns σπείρεται ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ, ἐγείρεται ἐν δυνάμει 1 It is sown … it is raised If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas behind **weakness** and **power**, you could express the idea by using adjectives such as “weak” and “powerful.” Alternate translation: “A weak body is sown; a powerful body is raised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1CO 15 44 u856 figs-metaphor σπείρεται σῶμα ψυχικόν 1 It is sown … it is raised Here, just as in [15:42–43](../15/42.md), Paul speaks as if a dead body were **sown** like a seed. He speaks in this way to connect how a dead body is buried in the ground to how a seed is **sown** in the ground. However, Paul does not continue the metaphor when he talks about how the body **is raised**, since those are his normal words for speaking about resurrection. If your readers would misunderstand **is sown**, you could use a comparable phrase that applies to both seeds and human bodies, or you could express the idea using an analogy. Alternate translation: “The body is put in the ground as a natural body, just like a seed” or “It is planted as a natural body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1CO 15 44 b4dm figs-activepassive σπείρεται…ἐγείρεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on the body that **is sown** and **raised** rather than the people who do those actions. If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “people” do the sowing and “God” does the raising. Alternate translation: “People sow it as … God raises it as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 44 b4dm figs-activepassive σπείρεται…ἐγείρεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on the body that **is sown** and **raised** rather than focusing on the people who do those actions. If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “people” do the sowing and “God” does the raising. Alternate translation: “People sow it as … God raises it as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 44 f93u translate-unknown σῶμα ψυχικόν -1 Here, **natural body** refers to human bodies before they are **raised**. These bodies are those that function in the ways that we can observe right now and that fit with life on earth right now. If your readers would misunderstand **natural body**, you could use a word or phrase that refers to human bodies as they currently exist on earth before God transforms them. Alternate translation: “a this-worldly body … a this-worldly body” or “a regular body … a regular body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 1CO 15 44 n07f translate-unknown σῶμα πνευματικόν…πνευματικόν 1 Here, **spiritual body** refers to human bodies after they are **raised**. It could specifically refer to: (1) how the **body** is controlled by God’s Spirit and thus fits with how people will live when God renews everything he has created. Alternate translation: “a body fit for the new creation … a body fit for the new creation” or “a body controlled by God’s Spirit … a body controlled by God’s Spirit” (2) how the **body** is made out of “spirit” as opposed to “soul” or “flesh.” Alternate translation: “a body made out of spirit … a body made out of spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 1CO 15 44 ktad grammar-connect-condition-fact εἰ 1 Paul is speaking as if the **natural body** were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might misunderstand and think that what Paul is saying is not certain, then you could introduce the clause with a word such as “since” or “because.” Alternate translation: “Since” or “Because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]]) 1CO 15 45 zsb9 grammar-connect-logic-result οὕτως καὶ 1 Here, **So also** introduces the basis for the claim Paul made about the existence of both “natural” and “spiritual” bodies in the last verse ([15:44](../15/44.md)). If your readers would misunderstand **So also**, you could use a word or phrase that introduces evidence or support. Alternate translation: “For” or “As” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) 1CO 15 45 y5c0 writing-quotations γέγραπται 1 In Paul’s culture, **it is written** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text. In this case, the quotation comes from [Genesis 2:7](../../gen/02/07.md). If your readers would misunderstand how Paul introduces the quotation, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “it can be read in Genesis” or “the book of Genesis says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) -1CO 15 45 f507 figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on what **is written** rather than the person doing the “writing.” If you must state who does the action, you could express it so that: (1) the scripture or scripture author writes or speaks the words. Alternate translation: “Moses has written” (2) God speaks the words. Alternate translation: “God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 45 f507 figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on what **is written** rather than focusing on the person doing the “writing.” If you must state who does the action, you could express it so that: (1) the scripture or scripture author writes or speaks the words. Alternate translation: “Moses has written” (2) God speaks the words. Alternate translation: “God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 45 hbse figs-quotations γέγραπται, ἐγένετο ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος, Ἀδὰμ, εἰς ψυχὴν ζῶσαν 1 If your language does not use this form, you could translate the sentence as an indirect quote instead of as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “it is written that the first man Adam became a living soul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) 1CO 15 45 yo2p figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωπος 1 Although **man** is masculine, and **Adam** was male, Paul is focusing on how **Adam** was the first human being. He is not focusing on how **Adam** was the first male human being. If your readers would misunderstand **man**, you could use a non-gendered word. Alternate translation: “person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) 1CO 15 45 lnfh translate-names Ἀδὰμ -1 **Adam** is the name of a man. It is the name that God gave to the first human he created. Paul uses **Adam** first to refer to this man and then to refer metaphorically to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -2376,15 +2376,15 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CO 15 51 c3cx figs-exclusive πάντες οὐ κοιμηθησόμεθα, πάντες…ἀλλαγησόμεθα 1 we will all be changed Here, **we** refers to all believers, including Paul, the Corinthians, and others. Paul is speaking in general terms about believers. He does not necessarily think that he is one who will not **fall asleep**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) 1CO 15 51 dt91 figs-euphemism πάντες οὐ κοιμηθησόμεθα 1 we will all be changed Here Paul refers to how people die as if they **fall asleep**. This is a polite way of referring to something unpleasant. If your readers would misunderstand **fall asleep**, you could use a different polite way of referring to death or you could state the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “We will not all pass away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 1CO 15 51 c8oh translate-unknown πάντες…ἀλλαγησόμεθα 2 we will all be changed Here, **changed** refers to how the bodies of believers are transformed from “natural” to “spiritual.” If your readers would misunderstand **changed**, you could use a word or phrase that refers to this kind of transformation. Alternate translation: “we will all be renewed” or “we will all be transfigured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -1CO 15 51 k5dw figs-activepassive πάντες…ἀλλαγησόμεθα 2 we will all be changed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on the people who are **changed** rather than the person who does the “changing.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God will change us all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 51 k5dw figs-activepassive πάντες…ἀλλαγησόμεθα 2 we will all be changed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on the people who are **changed** rather than focusing on the person who does the “changing.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God will change us all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 52 lxt1 translate-unknown ἐν ἀτόμῳ 1 in the twinkling of an eye Here, **instant** refers to the smallest section of time that Paul and the Corinthians knew about. He means that the “change” ([15:51](../15/51.md)) will happen so quickly that it will only take up the smallest section of time. If your readers would misunderstand **in a moment**, you could refer to the smallest section of time in your culture or express the idea in a way that emphasizes speed. Alternate translation: “in one second” or “very quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 1CO 15 52 r4ix figs-idiom ἐν ῥιπῇ ὀφθαλμοῦ 1 in the twinkling of an eye Here, **in the twinkling of an eye** refers to the speed at which one moves or blinks one’s eye. Paul’s point is that the “change” ([15:51](../15/51.md)) will take place so quickly that one cannot move one’s eye fast enough to see it or that if one blinks, one might miss it. If your readers would misunderstand this figure of speech, you could use a comparable metaphor or express the idea non-figuratively. Alternate translation: “in the blink of an eye” or “at great speed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1CO 15 52 h668 figs-explicit ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι; σαλπίσει γάρ 1 at the last trumpet Paul refers briefly to the **last trumpet** without explanation because the Corinthians would have known what he was talking about. In Paul’s culture, people knew that a **trumpet** would **sound** to signal the Day of the Lord, in this case, the day when Jesus comes back, the dead rise, and the world is renewed. Often, an angel or archangel would blow this trumpet. If your readers would not make such inferences about **the last trumpet**, you could express some of these ideas explicitly. Alternate translation: “when we hear the trumpet that means that Jesus is coming back. For that trumpet will sound” or “when an angel sounds the end-times trumpet. For the angel will sound that trumpet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -1CO 15 52 l66q figs-activepassive οἱ νεκροὶ ἐγερθήσονται 1 the dead will be raised If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive here to focus on **the dead** who **will be raised** rather than the one doing the “raising.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God will raise the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 52 l66q figs-activepassive οἱ νεκροὶ ἐγερθήσονται 1 the dead will be raised If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive here to focus on **the dead** who **will be raised** rather than focusing on the one doing the “raising.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God will raise the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 52 ibhu figs-nominaladj οἱ νεκροὶ 1 the dead will be raised Paul is using the adjective **dead** as a noun in order to refer to believers who are **dead**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the dead people” or “the corpses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 1CO 15 52 nfqy translate-unknown ἄφθαρτοι 1 the dead will be raised Here, **imperishable** identifies people or things that last and do not fall apart. See you how translated this word in [15:50](../15/50.md). If your readers would misunderstand **imperishable**, you could use a word or phrase that refers to how long things last. Alternate translation: “in such a way that they will never pass away” or “so that they never fall apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 1CO 15 52 ehf0 figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς 1 the dead will be raised Here, **we** refers to Paul, the Corinthians, and all other believers who are alive. Paul included himself in this group because he was alive when he sent this letter. If your readers would misunderstand that **we** refers to living believers, you could use a phrase that makes this explicit. Alternate translation: “we who are alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -1CO 15 52 p8f8 figs-activepassive ἡμεῖς ἀλλαγησόμεθα 1 We will be changed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive here to focus on **we** who **will be changed** rather than the one doing the “changing.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God will change us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 52 p8f8 figs-activepassive ἡμεῖς ἀλλαγησόμεθα 1 We will be changed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive here to focus on **we** who **will be changed** rather than focusing on the one doing the “changing.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God will change us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 53 n7mf figs-parallelism τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀφθαρσίαν, καὶ τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀθανασίαν 1 We will be changed Here Paul makes two very similar statements in which **perishable** goes with **mortal** and **incorruptibility** goes with **immortality**. These two statements are basically synonymous, and Paul repeats himself to emphasize the point. If your readers would misunderstand why Paul uses two parallel sentences, you could combine the two sentences into one. Alternate translation: “this perishable mortal to put on incorruptible immortality” or “this perishable and mortal to put on incorruptibility and immortality” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 1CO 15 53 yarq figs-nominaladj τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο…τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο 1 We will be changed Paul is using the adjectives **perishable** and **mortal** as nouns in order to refer to **perishable** and **mortal** bodies. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these with appropriate noun phrases. Alternate translation: “this perishable body … this mortal body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 1CO 15 53 nua2 translate-unknown τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο…ἀφθαρσίαν 1 this perishable body … is imperishable Here, **perishable** and **incorruptibility** identify whether people or things last or fall apart. See how you translated the similar words in [15:42](../15/42.md), [50](../15/50.md). If your readers would misunderstand **perishable** and **incorruptibility**, you could use two words or phrases that refer to how long things last. Alternate translation: “what passes away … what never passes away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) @@ -2401,10 +2401,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CO 15 54 idtf figs-idiom γενήσεται 1 this mortal body has put on immortality Here, **will come about** identifies that something has happened or come to pass. If your readers would misunderstand **will come about**, you could use a comparable idiom or express the idea non-figuratively. Alternate translation: “will come to pass” or “will be realized” 1CO 15 54 ozha figs-metonymy ὁ λόγος 1 this mortal body has put on immortality Here, **word** figuratively represents what someone says or writes in words. If your readers would misunderstand **word**, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1CO 15 54 asfj writing-quotations ὁ λόγος ὁ γεγραμμένος 1 this mortal body has put on immortality In Paul’s culture, **the word that is written** is a normal way to introduce a quotation from or reference to an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book titled “Isaiah” (see ([Isaiah 25:8](../../isa/25/08.md))). Most likely, this phrase also introduces the quote from [Hosea 13:14](../../hos/13/14.md) in the next verse as well. If your readers would misunderstand **the word that is written**, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from or referring to an important text. Alternate translation: “what be read in the scriptures” or “the words that Isaiah and Hosea wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) -1CO 15 54 r5he figs-activepassive ὁ γεγραμμένος 1 this mortal body has put on immortality If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on what **is written** rather than the person doing the “writing.” If you must state who does the action, you could express it so that: (1) the scripture or scripture author writes or speaks the words. Alternate translation: “the prophets have written” (2) God speaks the words. Alternate translation: “God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 54 r5he figs-activepassive ὁ γεγραμμένος 1 this mortal body has put on immortality If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on what **is written** rather than focusing on the person doing the “writing.” If you must state who does the action, you could express it so that: (1) the scripture or scripture author writes or speaks the words. Alternate translation: “the prophets have written” (2) God speaks the words. Alternate translation: “God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 54 b3xw figs-quotations ὁ γεγραμμένος, κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος 1 this mortal body has put on immortality If you do not use this form in your language, you could translate this statement as an indirect quote instead of as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “that is written about how death is swallowed up in victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) 1CO 15 54 s7jw figs-metaphor κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος 1 this mortal body has put on immortality Here the quote refers to **Death** as if it were food that could be **swallowed up**. This illustrate that **Death** has been defeated as surely as if someone devoured it like it was food. If your readers would misunderstand this figure of speech, you could use a comparable metaphor or express the idea non-figuratively. Alternate translation: “Death is destroyed in victory” or “Death is trampled in victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1CO 15 54 vkl5 figs-activepassive κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος 1 this mortal body has put on immortality If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive here to focus on **Death**, which **is swallowed up**, rather than the person or thing doing the “swallowing.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God has swallowed up death in victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CO 15 54 vkl5 figs-activepassive κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος 1 this mortal body has put on immortality If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive here to focus on **Death**, which **is swallowed up**, rather than focusing on the person or thing doing the “swallowing.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God has swallowed up death in victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CO 15 54 ph5j figs-abstractnouns θάνατος εἰς νῖκος 1 this mortal body has put on immortality If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas behind **Death** and **victory**, you could express the ideas by using verbs such as “die” and “conquer.” Alternate translation: “How people die … when God conquers” or “The fact that people die … by God, who is victorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1CO 15 55 pav7 writing-quotations θάνατε 1 Death, where is your victory? Death, where is your sting? Here Paul quotes from [Hosea 13:14](../../hos/13/14.md) without providing a new quote introduction. If your readers would misunderstand this way of introducing a new quotation, you could use a form in your language that introduces another quote. Alternate translation: “And again, ‘O death’” or “It is further written, ‘O death’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) 1CO 15 55 zw75 figs-quotations ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ νῖκος? ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ κέντρον? 1 Death, where is your victory? Death, where is your sting? If you do not use this form in your language, you could translate this statement as an indirect quote instead of as a direct quote. You may need to include a word or phrase at the beginning to indicate that Paul is introducing a new quotation. Alternate translation: “It is further written that death is asked about where its victory is and about where its sting is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])