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Merge pull request 'Merge Nathan's edits to Matthew 1-20' (#3071) from NateKreider-tc-create-1 into master 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3071
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Larry Sallee 2022-12-21 16:57:05 +00:00
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@ -853,81 +853,76 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
13:1 vx5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ 1 This introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later that same day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
13:1 cy1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background ἐξελθὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῆς οἰκίας, ἐκάθητο παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν 1 Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Jesus went out of the house and was sitting by the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
13:2 d16z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συνήχθησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὄχλοι πολλοί 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Many crowds gathered around him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:2 d0v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns ὁ ὄχλος 1 The word crowd is a singular noun that refers to a group of people. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a group of people” or “many people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
13:2 d0v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns πᾶς ὁ ὄχλος 1 The word crowd is a singular noun that refers to a group of people. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a group of people” or “many people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
13:3 o5f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς πολλὰ ἐν παραβολαῖς 1 Jesus teaches the crowd a parable about what happens when different people hear his teaching. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
13:3 f5mv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς πολλὰ ἐν παραβολαῖς λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “he said many things to them in parables, and this is what he said:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
13:4 qr2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ ἐν τῷ σπείρειν αὐτὸν, ἃ μὲν ἔπεσεν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν 1 Many cultures, when they plant seeds, bury them after planting them to protect them from animals that eat seeds. The seeds on path did not have a chance to be hidden from the birds, so they ate them. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you can state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “As he was scattering the seeds, some of them fell onto the path where they were unprotected from animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:4 v7r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἃ μὲν ἔπεσεν 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “some seeds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:5 ql87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ εὐθέως ἐξανέτειλεν 1 In this verse and in the following verses, the word **others** is referring to seeds that fell in different areas as the sower was planting. If this would be misunderstood, see the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:5,7-8 ql87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἄλλα 1 In this verse and in the following verses, the word **others** is referring to seeds that fell in different areas as the sower was planting. If this would be misunderstood, see how it is modeled in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:6 pz44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἡλίου δὲ ἀνατείλαντος 1 The phrase **the sun had risen** is an idiom which means when the sun got to its highest and hottest point in the sky. If this would be misunderstood, you state it explicitly. Alternate translation: “when the hottest time of the day came” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:6 qq5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκαυματίσθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it scorched the plants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:6 pz44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἡλίου δὲ ἀνατείλαντος 1 The phrase**the sun had risen** is an idiom which means when the sun got to its highest and hottest point in the sky. If this would be misunderstood, you state it explicitly. Alternate translation: “when the hottest time of the day came” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:7 k69q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἄλλα 1 See the note on **others** in [13:5](../13/05.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:7 vt8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀνέβησαν αἱ ἄκανθαι καὶ ἀπέπνιξαν αὐτά 1 The phrase **the thorns grew up and choked them** might be confusing to come readers. What this means is that the weeds grew much faster than the crops which the sower planted did, and so they did not allow the crops to grow. If it would be helpful in your language, you can state this explicitly with an example from your culture. Alternate translation: “the thorns grew much faster and overwhelmed the plants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:7 vt8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀνέβησαν αἱ ἄκανθαι καὶ ἀπέπνιξαν αὐτά 1 The phrase **the thorns grew up and choked them** might be confusing to some readers. What this means is that the weeds grew much faster than the crops that the sower planted did, and so they did not allow the crops to grow. If it would be helpful in your language, you can state this explicitly with an example from your culture. Alternate translation: “the thorns grew much faster and overwhelmed the plants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:8 iwv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἄλλα 1 See the note in [13:5](../13/05.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:8 e91e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ὃ μὲν ἑκατὸν, ὃ δὲ ἑξήκοντα, ὃ δὲ τριάκοντα 1 The amount of grain each plant produced is being compared to the single seed from which it grew. Ellipsis is used here to shorten the phrases but they can be written out. Alternate translation: “Some plants bore 100 times as much grain, some produced 60 times as much grain, and some produced 30 times as much grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:8 e91e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ὃ μὲν ἑκατὸν, ὃ δὲ ἑξήκοντα, ὃ δὲ τριάκοντα 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. The amount of grain each plant produced is being compared to the single seed from which it grew. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language.Alternate translation: “Some plants bore 100 times as much grain, some produced 60 times as much grain, and some produced 30 times as much grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:9 q2e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω 1 See the note in [11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:9 gkv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω 1 Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
13:11 fc5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὑμῖν δέδοται γνῶναι τὰ μυστήρια τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν, ἐκείνοις δὲ οὐ δέδοται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God has given to you to understand mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens, but God has not given it to these people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:11 xq2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἐκείνοις δὲ οὐ δέδοται 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “but to those it has not been given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:11 rcd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ὑμῖν 1 The word **you** is plural here and refers to the disciples. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
13:11 ah6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated this in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:12 x34s rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs ὅστις γὰρ ἔχει, δοθήσεται αὐτῷ καὶ περισσευθήσεται; ὅστις δὲ οὐκ ἔχει, καὶ ὃ ἔχει ἀρθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 This proverb draws a figurative comparison: Jesus talks about understanding as if it were a physical item which could either be given or taken away. He is saying that whoever is able to understand, God will allow them to understand even more. But whoever does not understand, he will take away even whatever little understanding they have. Alternate translation: “For whoever understands, God will allow that person to understand even more, and it will be plenty. But whoever does not have understanding, God will take away what understanding they do have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
13:12 x34s rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs ὅστις γὰρ ἔχει, δοθήσεται αὐτῷ καὶ περισσευθήσεται; ὅστις δὲ οὐκ ἔχει, καὶ ὃ ἔχει ἀρθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 This proverb draws a figurative comparison: Jesus talks about understanding as if it were a physical item which could either be given or taken away. He is saying that whoever is able to understand, God will allow them to understand more. But whoever does not understand, he will take away even whatever little understanding they have. Alternate translation: “For whoever understands, God will allow that person to understand even more, and it will be plenty. But whoever does not have understanding, God will take away what understanding they do have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
13:12 j3rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ὅστις & ὅστις 1 The word **whoever** is referring to people in general, and not to any specific person. If your readers would misunderstand this, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “if a person … if a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
13:12 v61y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δοθήσεται & ἀρθήσεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God will give … God will take it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:14 jz9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes καὶ ἀναπληροῦται αὐτοῖς ἡ προφητεία Ἠσαΐου ἡ λέγουσα, ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε; καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε 1 Matthew is quoting Jesus, and Jesus is quoting the prophet Isaiah. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “to them the prophecy of Isaiah is being fulfilled which says that though they hear, they will not understand, and though they see, they will not perceive” (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes)
13:14 a1im rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε; καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε 1 See how you translated the words **see** and **hear** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:15 tfl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου & καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν 1 Here, the word **heart** is used to refer to a persons mind or inner intentions. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “something he said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:15 tfl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου & καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν 1 Here, the word **heart** is used to refer to a persons mind or inner desires. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the minds of these people … they will understand in their minds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:15 ps56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐπιστρέψωσιν 1 The phrase **they might turn back** is figurative, referring to someone who repents of their sins and asks God for forgiveness. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “they might repent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:15 q1h9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰάσομαι αὐτούς 1 The phrase **I will heal them** is figurative, meaning that he will forgive them for the sins that they have confessed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “I will forgive their sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:16 glp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ὑμῶν δὲ μακάριοι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ὅτι βλέπουσιν, καὶ τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν ὅτι ἀκούουσιν 1 Here, **see** and **hear** are referring to the disciples ability to understand what Jesus is saying and doing. These words refer to the ability to understand what a person sees and hears. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “You are blessed because you understand what you see with your eyes and what you hear with your ears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13:16 glp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ὑμῶν δὲ μακάριοι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ὅτι βλέπουσιν, καὶ τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν ὅτι ἀκούουσιν 1 Here, **see** and **hear** are referring to the disciples ability to understand what Jesus is saying and doing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “You are blessed because you understand what you see with your eyes and what you hear with your ears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13:16 rlt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ὑμῶν & ὑμῶν 1 Both occurrences of **your** are plural and refer to the disciples. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
13:16 xczh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν ὅτι ἀκούουσιν 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “and blessed are your ears, for they hear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:17 bsj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ὑμῖν & βλέπετε & ἀκούετε 1 All occurrences of **you** are plural and refer to the disciples. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
13:17 e6ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἃ βλέπετε 1 The phrase **the things you see** is referring to the healings and miracles which Jesus did. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the miracles you have seen me do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:17 lslf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ οὐκ εἶδαν 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could give the reason why the prophets and kings **did not see** these things. Alternate translation: “but could not see them because they lived before my time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:17 q14w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἃ ἀκούετε 1 The phrase what you hear probably refers to the teachings of Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the things that you have heard me teach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:18 w35t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ὑμεῖς οὖν ἀκούσατε τὴν παραβολὴν τοῦ σπείραντος 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJesus is not retelling the parable again, but is now explaining it to the disciples. Make sure this is clear to your audience. See the note in the chapter introduction for more information about this parable. Alternate translation: “Therefore, hear me explain the parable of the one who sowed the seed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
13:17 q14w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἃ ἀκούετε 1 The phrase **the things you hear** probably refers to the teachings of Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the things that you have heard me teach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:18 w35t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ὑμεῖς οὖν ἀκούσατε τὴν παραβολὴν τοῦ σπείραντος 1 Jesus is not retelling the parable again, but is now explaining it to the disciples. Make sure this is clear to your audience. See the note in the chapter introduction for more information about this parable. Alternate translation: “Therefore, hear me explain the parable of the one who sowed the seed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
13:19 v2d7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun παντὸς ἀκούοντος 1 Jesus is speaking of people in general, and not about any specific person. If your readers would misunderstand this, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “people who hear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
13:19 suhi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τὸν λόγον τῆς βασιλείας 1 The phrase **the word** is referring to the entire message about **the kingdom**. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “the message of the kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13:19 het1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον τῆς βασιλείας 1 Here the word **kingdom** is referring to how God is making people his people to rule over them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the message about how God is making people his people to rule over them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:19 uo3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis τῆς βασιλείας 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:19 a8nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἔρχεται ὁ πονηρὸς καὶ ἁρπάζει τὸ ἐσπαρμένον ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is speaking about Satan as if he were a bird who **snatches away** seeds. God’s message is spoken of as if it **has been sown** in a person’s heart. If your readers would not understand what it means to be shipwrecked in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “the evil one comes and takes away their understanding of God’s message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:19 a8nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἔρχεται ὁ πονηρὸς καὶ ἁρπάζει τὸ ἐσπαρμένον ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is speaking about Satan as if he were a bird who **snatches away** seeds. God’s message is spoken of as if it **has been sown** in a person’s heart. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “the evil one comes and takes away their understanding of God’s message from their heart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:19 sb7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ πονηρὸς 1 Here, **the evil one** refers to Satan. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Satan, who is the evil one” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:19 r9u6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ ἐσπαρμένον ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the seed which God sowed in his heart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:19 xi8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the word **heart** is referring to the mind of the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “in his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:19 wfd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν σπαρείς 1 Jesus speaks about what happens to these people as if it were what happens when seed is thrown alongside the road. The seed is referring to God’s message. The road is referring to the persons **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “when this happens, it is like what happened to seed being sown along the path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:19 xgz5 παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν 1 See how you translated this in [13:4](../13/04.md).
13:20 l5iv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ & σπαρείς 1 The phrase **the one having been sown** is talking about the the seed. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the seed which was sown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:20 rnct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τὸν λόγον ἀκούων καὶ εὐθὺς μετὰ χαρᾶς λαμβάνων αὐτόν 1 Jesus is comparing **the one hearing the word and immediately receiving it with joy** with the seed which is sown on rocky ground. In the same way that the seed sown on rocky soil does not have deep roots, so the person who immediately receives it has not fully believed in God’s message. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “this is like the person who hears the word and quickly receives it with joy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:20 rnct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τὸν λόγον ἀκούων καὶ εὐθὺς μετὰ χαρᾶς λαμβάνων αὐτόν 1 Jesus is comparing **the one hearing the word and immediately receiving it with joy** with the seed which is sown on rocky ground. In the same way that the seed sown on rocky soil does not have deep roots, so the person who immediately receives the message has not fully believed it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “this is like the person who hears the word and quickly receives it with joy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:20 w4f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τὸν λόγον 1 See how you translated **word** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13:20 cl6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον 1 Here, **the word** represents God’s message. Alternate translation: “the message” or “God’s teaching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:20 z76f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τὸν λόγον ἀκούων καὶ εὐθὺς μετὰ χαρᾶς λαμβάνων αὐτόν 1 Jesus is speaking, speaking about believing as if they were **receiving** God’s message. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “this seed is like the person who quickly receives God’s message with joy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:21 zg9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οὐκ ἔχει δὲ ῥίζαν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, ἀλλὰ πρόσκαιρός ἐστιν 1 The expression **but he has no root in himself, but is temporary** means that the plant does not have deep enough roots to stay alive. Alternate translation: “but he does not have deep roots to stay alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:20 cl6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον 1 See how you translated **the word** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:20 z76f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τὸν λόγον ἀκούων καὶ εὐθὺς μετὰ χαρᾶς λαμβάνων αὐτόν 1 Jesus is speaking about believing as if they were **receiving** God’s message. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “this seed is like the person who quickly receives God’s message with joy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:21 zg9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οὐκ ἔχει δὲ ῥίζαν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, ἀλλὰ πρόσκαιρός ἐστιν 1 The expression **but he has no root in himself, but is temporary** means that the plant does not have deep enough roots to stay alive. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but he does not have deep roots to stay alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:21 ixil rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 What follows the word **but** is in contrast to what precedes it. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “but rather” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
13:21 lxuy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns γενομένης δὲ θλίψεως ἢ διωγμοῦ διὰ τὸν λόγον 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas of **tribulation** and **persecution**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “people afflicted and persecuted them because of the word” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
13:21 xv50 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τὸν λόγον 1 See how you translated **word** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13:21 lim9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor εὐθὺς σκανδαλίζεται 1 The expression **to stumble** means that he no longer believes God’s message. Alternate translation: “immediately he stops believing God’s message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:21 lim9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor εὐθὺς σκανδαλίζεται 1 The expression **to stumble** means that he no longer believes God’s message. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “immediately he stops believing God’s message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:22 d4h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ & σπαρείς 1 Here, Jesus is talking about the story of seed which was **sown** among the thorns, If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the seed having been sown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:22 rcj8 ὁ δὲ εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας σπαρείς 1 See how you translated **thorns** in [13:7](../13/07.md)
13:22 a3u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τὸν λόγον -1 See how you translated **the word** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13:22 q2nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ μέριμνα τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου καὶ ἡ ἀπάτη τοῦ πλούτου συνπνίγει τὸν λόγον 1 The phrase **the cares of this age** is likely referring to caring about what a person will eat or drink. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “worrying about what you need to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:22 q2nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ μέριμνα τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου 1 The phrase **the cares of this age** is likely referring to caring about what a person will eat or drink. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “worrying about what you need to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:22 wwf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἡ ἀπάτη τοῦ πλούτου 1 Jesus speaks of **riches** as if it were a living thing that could deceive. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “finding all of their pleasure in riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
13:22 gn6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἄκαρπος γίνεται 1 The person is spoken of as if he were a plant. Being **unfruitful** represents being unproductive. Alternate translation: “he becomes unproductive” or “he does not do what God wants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:22 gn6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἄκαρπος γίνεται 1 eThe person is spoken of as if he were a plant. Being **unfruitful** represents not obeying what God wants them to do. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he does not do what God wants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:23 xw4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ & ἐπὶ τὴν καλὴν γῆν σπαρείς 1 Here Jesus is referring to the story of the seed which fell on the **good soil**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the seed having been sown on the good soil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:23 ptb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὃς δὴ καρποφορεῖ καὶ ποιεῖ 1 Here the phrase **who indeed produces a crop and yields** means “a person who does many good things that please God”. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who does many good things that please God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:23 wm3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ποιεῖ, ὃ μὲν ἑκατὸν, ὃ δὲ ἑξήκοντα, ὃ δὲ τριάκοντα 1 This refers to the grain that the plants produce. Alternate translation: “some produce 100 times the grain that was sown, some produce 60 times the grain that was sown, and some produce 30 times the grain that was sown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:23 wm3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ποιεῖ, ὃ μὲν ἑκατὸν, ὃ δὲ ἑξήκοντα, ὃ δὲ τριάκοντα 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “some produce 100 times the grain that was sown, some produce 60 times the grain that was sown, and some produce 30 times the grain that was sown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:23 i4t0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ἑκατὸν & ἑξήκοντα & τριάκοντα 1 You can state the numbers as text. Alternate translation: “a hundred … sixty … thirty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
13:24 l5yx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ἄλλην παραβολὴν παρέθηκεν αὐτοῖς λέγων, 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nTo help the people understand his message, Jesus tells a story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus told a story to help them understand:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
13:24 xkov rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἄλλην παραβολὴν παρέθηκεν αὐτοῖς 1 Here the term **set before them** means that Jesus told the disciples another parable. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Jesus told them another parable” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:24 l5yx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ἄλλην παραβολὴν παρέθηκεν αὐτοῖς λέγων, 1 To help the people understand his message, Jesus tells another story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus told a story to help them understand:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
13:24 xkov rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἄλλην παραβολὴν παρέθηκεν αὐτοῖς 1 Here the term **set before them** means that Jesus told the disciples another parable. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Jesus told them another parable” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:24 iiv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the disciples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
13:24 k8pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν, ἀνθρώπῳ σπείραντι καλὸν σπέρμα ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is comparing **the kingdom of the heavens** with the entire story through [13:30](../13/30.md). See the note in the chapter introduction for more information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:24-30 k8pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν, ἀνθρώπῳ σπείραντι καλὸν σπέρμα ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is comparing **the kingdom of the heavens** with the entire story through [13:30](../13/30.md). See the note in the chapter introduction for more information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:24 f8j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **The kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:24 u21k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καλὸν σπέρμα 1 Here **good seed** is referring to seed that produces edible crops. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “seed for food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:25 zn8v ἦλθεν αὐτοῦ ὁ ἐχθρὸς 1 Alternate translation: “his enemy came to the field”
13:25 q4tv ζιζάνια 1 The **darnel** that was sown looks like food plants when it is young, but its grain is poison. Alternate translation: “bad seed” or “weed seeds”
13:26 lea1 ὅτε δὲ ἐβλάστησεν ὁ χόρτος 1 Alternate translation: “But when the wheat seeds sprouted” or “But after the plants came up”
13:26 jgv9 καρπὸν ἐποίησεν 1 Alternate translation: “produced grain” or “produced the wheat crop”
13:26 tu4q τότε ἐφάνη καὶ τὰ ζιζάνια 1 Alternate translation: “then people could see there were weeds in the field also”
13:24 u21k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καλὸν σπέρμα 1 Here **good seed** is referring to seed that produces crops. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “seed that produces crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:25 q4tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ζιζάνια 1 Here, **darnel** is a plant that looks like food, but the grain that it produces in poisonous. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
13:27 h51x τοῦ οἰκοδεσπότου 1 The **landowner** is the same person who sowed good seed in his field.
13:27 gr7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐχὶ καλὸν σπέρμα ἔσπειρας ἐν τῷ σῷ ἀγρῷ? 1 The servants used a question to emphasize their surprise. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you sowed good seed in your field!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
13:27 fb86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οὐχὶ & ἔσπειρας 1 The landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds. Alternate translation: “did we not sow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -954,71 +949,66 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
13:35 yx6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κεκρυμμένα 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what I have hidden” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:35 th8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **foundation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “since God founded the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
13:36 pq2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent τότε 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJesus is using the word translated **Then** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
13:37 r9wr ὁ σπείρων τὸ καλὸν σπέρμα ἐστὶν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The phrase **the Son of Man** is explaining what the phrase **The one sowing the good seed** means which Jesus used in [13:24](../13/24.md).
13:37 xj4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Jesus is referring to himself as the **Son of Man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you can express this in the first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
13:38 eea8 ὁ δὲ ἀγρός ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος; τὸ δὲ καλὸν σπέρμα, οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας; τὰ δὲ ζιζάνιά εἰσιν οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ 1 The phrase **the world** is explaining what the phrase **the field** means which Jesus used in [13:24](../13/24.md). The phrase **the sons of the kingdom** is explaining what the phrase **the good seed** means which Jesus used in [13:24](../13/24.md). The phrase **the sons of the evil one** is explaining what the phrase **the darnel** means which Jesus used in [13:25](../13/25.md).
13:38 h9iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας & οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ 1 Here, the phrase **sons of the kingdom** is an idiom meaning “people over whom God rules.” The phrase **sons of the evil one** is an idiom meaning “people over whom Satan rules.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “the people over whom God rules … the people over whom Satan rules” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:38 eni3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῆς βασιλείας 1 See how you translated **the kingdom** in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:39 sgx2 ὁ & ἐχθρὸς, ὁ σπείρας αὐτά, ἐστιν ὁ διάβολος; ὁ δὲ θερισμὸς συντέλεια αἰῶνός ἐστιν; οἱ δὲ θερισταὶ ἄγγελοί εἰσιν 1 The phrase **the devil** is explaining what the phrase **the enemy** means which Jesus used in [13:25](../13/25.md). The phrase **the end of the age** is explaining what the phrase **the harvest** means which Jesus used in [13:30](../13/30.md). The word **angels** is explaining what the phrase **the reapers** means which Jesus used in [13:30](../13/30.md)
13:40 rn64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὥσπερ οὖν συλλέγεται τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ πυρὶ κατακαίεται, οὕτως ἔσται ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Jesus is comparing the parable to what is actually going to happen in the end times. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Therefore, similar to how the weeds were gathered up, this is what God is going to do with evil doers in the final days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:40 rn64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὥσπερ οὖν συλλέγεται τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ πυρὶ κατακαίεται, οὕτως ἔσται ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Jesus is comparing the parable to what is actually going to happen when God judges the world. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Therefore, similar to how the weeds were gathered up, this is what God is going to do with evil doers when he judges the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:40 hzih rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases οὕτως ἔσται ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 The word **thus** tells the reader that Jesus is going to explain what the parable is similar to in the following passage. Make sure this is clear to your readers. Alternate translation: “here is a description of what it will be like in the end days for evil people:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
13:41 fiy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ἀποστελεῖ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ 1 See how you translated **Son of Man** in [13:37](../13/37.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
13:41 p5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is using the term **kingdom** here to refer to the whole world. If it would be helpful to your readers, make sure they understand this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from the world which he rules over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:41 p5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is using the term **kingdom** here to refer to the whole world. If it would be helpful to your readers, make sure they understand this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from the whole world, which he rules over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:41 ptw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πάντα τὰ σκάνδαλα 1 Here, the phrase **stumbling blocks** is speaking about people who cause other people to sin. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all of the people who cause others to sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:42 d9md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός 1 Here, Jesus is referring to hell as a **furnace of fire**. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “hell, which is hot like a fiery furnace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:42 zu3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 Here, **grinding of the teeth** is a symbolic act, representing extreme pain and suffering. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “weeping and extreme suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
13:43 azqy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj οἱ δίκαιοι 1 Jesus is using the adjective righteous as a noun in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
13:43 u6sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος 1 Here, Jesus is comparing **the righteous** as if they were shining like **the sun**. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:43 j487 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ 1 Jesus is using the term **kingdom** to mean where God dwells and where the righteous will dwell with him. Alternate translation: “in heaven where God is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:43 sea2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτῶν 1 **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
13:43 azqy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj οἱ δίκαιοι 1 Jesus is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
13:43 u6sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος 1 Here, Jesus is describing **the righteous** as if they were shining like **the sun**. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:43 j487 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ 1 Jesus is using the term **kingdom** to mean where God dwells and where the righteous will dwell with him. Alternate translation: “when they are dwelling with God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:43 sea2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτῶν 1 **Father** is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain this title in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
13:43 zxh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω 1 See how you translated a similar phrase in [11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:44 fjm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nIn [13:44-46](../13/44.md), Jesus describes **the kingdom of heaven** by telling two parables about people who sold their possessions to purchase something of great value. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
13:44 tac2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν θησαυρῷ κεκρυμμένῳ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ 1 Here, Jesus is comparing **the kingdom of the heavens** with a **treasure**. He is saying that it is as valuable to a person as a very expensive treasure which someone might find. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the heavens is similar to a very valuable item which is found in a field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:44-46 fjm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables 0 In [13:44-46](../13/44-46.md), Jesus describes **the kingdom of heaven** by telling two parables about people who sold their possessions to purchase something of great value. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
13:44 tac2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν θησαυρῷ κεκρυμμένῳ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ 1 Here, Jesus is comparing **the kingdom of the heavens** with when a person finds **treasure**. He is saying that it is as valuable to a person as a very expensive treasure which someone might find. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the heavens is similar to a very valuable item which is found in a field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:44 e9cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:44 wg6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κεκρυμμένῳ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone hid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:44 k9rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown θησαυρῷ 1 A **treasure** is a very valuable and precious thing or collection of things. If your readers would not know this, you can state it explicitly. Alternate translation: “a very valuable item” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
13:44 hu7f κεκρυμμένῳ & ἔκρυψεν 1 Alternate translation: “buried … buried”
13:44 k9rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown θησαυρῷ 1 A **treasure** is a very valuable and precious thing or collection of things. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “a very valuable item” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
13:45 c633 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ζητοῦντι καλοὺς μαργαρίτας 1 The author is implying here that the man is **seeking fine pearls** because he wants to buy them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “seeking to buy fine pearls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:45 znbs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile πάλιν ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ ἐμπόρῳ ζητοῦντι καλοὺς μαργαρίτας 1 Here, Jesus is comparing **the kingdom of God** with **fine pearls**. He is saying that it is very valuable to a person just like pearls are to a person who buys them. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way, as expressed in the UST (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:45 auj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **the kingdom of the heavens** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:45 khy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀνθρώπῳ ἐμπόρῳ 1 A **merchant** is a trader who often obtains merchandise from distant places and sells them to other people. If your readers would not understand the word **merchant**, you can state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person who sells items” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
13:45 b88q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown καλοὺς μαργαρίτας 1 These pearls are beautiful and valuable mineral balls that people use as jewelry. They are formed inside the shell of a small animal that lives in the ocean. If your readers would not be familiar with pearls, you could express this idea in a more general way. Alternate translation: “decorations made from valuable materials” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
13:47 vw24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJesus describes **the kingdom of heaven** by telling a parable about fishermen who use a large net to catch fish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
13:47 vw24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables 0 # General Information\n\n\nJesus describes **the kingdom of heaven** by telling a parable about fishermen who use a large net to catch fish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
13:47 s2dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo 0 Jesus explains the meaning of the parable in [13:49](../13/49.md), so you do not need to explain the meaning here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
13:47 g79n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν σαγήνῃ βληθείσῃ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ ἐκ παντὸς γένους συναγαγούσῃ 1 Here, Jesus compares **the kingdom of the heavens** with how a **net** catches many different kinds of fish. In this sentence, Jesus is not comparing the kingdom of the heavens with the net itself. He is rather comparing the kingdom of the heavens with what the net is doing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of the heavens is comparable to how a net is cast into the see, and gathers every kind of fish in it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:47 rjm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 Here, **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king. The phrase **kingdom of the heavens** is used only in Matthew. if possible, use **heavens** in your translation. See how you translated this in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:47 rjm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **the Kingdom of the Heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:47 vrp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁμοία & σαγήνῃ βληθείσῃ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is like a net which fisherman threw into the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:48 aqhl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐπληρώθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “fish filled the net” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:48 cnp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τὰ καλὰ & τὰ & σαπρὰ 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **good** and **worthless** as a noun here in order to describe a group of as either good for eating or not good for eating. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “good fish … worthless fish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
13:49 zawv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξελεύσονται οἱ ἄγγελοι 1 Jesus does not say where the angels **go out** from. Jesus and his audience would have known that the angels went out from God’s presence.If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The angels will go out from God’s presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:49 ah2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς πονηροὺς ἐκ μέσου τῶν δικαίων 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **wicked** and **righteous** as nouns in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are wicked … people who are righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
13:49 zawv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξελεύσονται οἱ ἄγγελοι 1 Jesus does not say where the angels **go out** from. Jesus and his audience would have known that the angels went out from God’s presence. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The angels will go out from God’s presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:49 ah2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς πονηροὺς & τῶν δικαίων 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **wicked** and **righteous** as nouns in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are wicked … people who are righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
13:50 j8nf καὶ βαλοῦσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός. ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 See how you translated this verse in [13:42](../13/42.md).
13:51 p5ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations συνήκατε ταῦτα πάντα? λέγουσιν αὐτῷ, ναί. 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could express these as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “Jesus asked them if they had understood all this, and they said that they did understand.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
13:52 g4dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy μαθητευθεὶς τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **the kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:52 g4dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy μαθητευθεὶς τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **the Kingdom of the Heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:52 gr36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables 0 In this parable, he talks about a man who gives people treasures out of his old and new belongings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
13:52 ip6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile πᾶς γραμματεὺς & ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ὅστις ἐκβάλλει ἐκ τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ καινὰ καὶ παλαιά 1 Here, Jesus is comparing a **scribe** who obeys Jesus with **a man** who gives people new and old things from his treasure. Here, the treasure is referring to both old teachings of the law as well as new teachings which Jesus is brought. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “every scribe … is comparable to a person who gives old and new things from their valuable items” or “every scribe … teaches both new and old teachings, which are like treasures to the people to whom they teach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:52 ip6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile πᾶς γραμματεὺς & ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ὅστις ἐκβάλλει ἐκ τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ καινὰ καὶ παλαιά 1 Here, Jesus is comparing a **scribe** who obeys Jesus with **a man** who gives people new and old things from his treasure. Here, the treasure is referring to both old teachings of the law as well as new teachings which Jesus is bringing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “every scribe … is comparable to a person who gives old and new things from their valuable items” or “every scribe … teaches both new and old teachings, which are like treasures to the people to whom they teach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:52 g59c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ 1 See how you translated **treasure** in [13:44](../13/44.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
13:53 jwv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὰς παραβολὰς ταύτας, μετῆρεν ἐκεῖθεν 1 This verse tells the reader that the story about Jesus telling many parable to his disciples is ending. Use the natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
13:54 qnh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJesus is using the phrase **And having entered into his hometown** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a way in your language that people use to introduce a new event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
13:54 qnh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 # General Information:\n\nJesus is using the phrase **And having entered into his hometown** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a way in your language that people use to introduce a new event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
13:54 q3ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν πατρίδα αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **his hometown** refers to the town of Nazareth, where Jesus grew up. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “his hometown, Nazareth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:54 it1f ἐκπλήσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς 1 Alternate translation: “they were amazed”
13:54 b3d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πόθεν τούτῳ ἡ σοφία αὕτη καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις? 1 The people asked this question because they did not believe that Jesus had the power to do miracles and heal people. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “How can it be that this man has such great wisdom and does these miracles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:55 rk5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός? οὐχ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ λέγεται Μαριὰμ, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ, Ἰάκωβος, καὶ Ἰωσὴφ, καὶ Σίμων, καὶ Ἰούδας? 1 The crowd uses these questions to express their belief that they know who Jesus is and that he is just an ordinary man. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of a carpenter. We know his mother Mary, and his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
13:55 rpj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός 1 The word **carpenter** here is referring to someone who works with wood. If your readers would not understand the word **carpenter**, you can state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the son of the man who builds with wood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
13:55 rpj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός 1 The word **carpenter** here is referring to someone who builds with wood. If your readers would not understand the word **carpenter**, you can state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the son of the man who builds with wood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
13:55 qspg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός 1 Jesus is using the phrase **the carpenter** to mean Jospeh, Jesus’ father. Alternate translation: “the son of Joseph, the carpenter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:56 m9pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion αἱ ἀδελφαὶ αὐτοῦ οὐχὶ πᾶσαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς εἰσιν? 1 The crowd uses this question to express their belief that they know who Jesus is and that he is just an ordinary man. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “all his sisters are with us, too.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
13:56 bnv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πόθεν οὖν τούτῳ ταῦτα πάντα? 1 The crowd uses this question to show their doubt concerning where Jesus got his abilities from. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not know where he got these abilities!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
13:56 pqf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα πάντα 1 Here, **all these things** refers to Jesus’ wisdom and ability to do miracles mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “are his wisdom and ability to do miracles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:57 f5md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐσκανδαλίζοντο ἐν αὐτῷ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus offended them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:57 azn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἔστιν προφήτης ἄτιμος 1 Jesus uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “A prophet is always honored, except” or “The only place a prophet is not honored is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
13:57 azn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἔστιν προφήτης ἄτιμος 1 Jesus uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “A prophet is always honored, except” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
13:57 sq8j τῇ πατρίδι 1 See how you translated **hometown** in [4:2](../04/02.md).
13:57 w4x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus uses the phrase **in his house** to refer to his closest relatives, like his father, mother, or siblings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “among his closest family members” or “by his father, mother, and siblings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:58 e2cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησεν ἐκεῖ δυνάμεις πολλὰς, διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since they did not believe, Jesus did not do many miracles in that place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
14:intro g5mc 0 # Matthew 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nVerses 1 and 2 continue the account from chapter 13. Verses 3-12 stop the account and speak of things that happened earlier, possibly soon after Satan tempted Jesus (see [4:12](../mat/04/12.md)). Verse 13 continues the account from verse 2. Be sure to have words in verses 3-12 that tell the reader that Matthew has stopped his account to give new information before he continues. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])\n\n## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Passive voice\n\nMany sentences in this chapter tell that a person had something happen to him without saying who caused that something to happen. For example, the writer does not tell who brought John’s head to Herodias’s daughter ([14:11](../mat/14/11.md)). You may have to translate the sentence so that it tells the reader who performed the action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:2 pd1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes καὶ εἶπεν τοῖς παισὶν αὐτοῦ, οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰωάννης ὁ Βαπτιστής; αὐτὸς ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο αἱ δυνάμεις ἐνεργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτῷ 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And he said to his servants that this is John the Baptist, and that he has been raised from the dead. Because of this, great powers are working in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
14:2 nx7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive αὐτὸς ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God raised him from the dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:2 vve7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification διὰ τοῦτο αἱ δυνάμεις ἐνεργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτῷ 1 Jesus speaks of **the miraculous powers** as if it were a living thing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This is why God has given him great power to do miracles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
14:3 zgp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background γὰρ 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nFrom here until [14:12](../14/12.md), Jesus gives the reader background information explaining why Herod said that John was raised from the dead. He is explaining how John died. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “For John died in this way:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
14:2 vve7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification διὰ τοῦτο αἱ δυνάμεις ἐνεργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτῷ 1 Jesus speaks of **the miraculous powers** as if they were a living thing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This is why God has given him great power to do miracles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
14:3-12 zgp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background γὰρ 1 From here until [14:12](../14/12.md), Jesus gives the reader background information explaining why Herod said that John was raised from the dead. He is explaining how John died. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “For John died in this way:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
14:3 zsvz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because of Herodias, Herod’s brother’s wife, John was arrested, bound, and thrown into prison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
14:3 d3gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο 1 The events described by **arrested**, **bound** and **put in prison** happened in that order. Make sure this is understandable to your audience. Alternate translation: “For Herod first arrested him. Then he bound him and then threw him and prison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
14:3 h466 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο 1 Jesus is using the term **Herod** to mean the soldiers who work for him. If it would be helpful to your reader, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Herod sent his soldiers to arrest John, bind him, and throw him in prison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1027,29 +1017,28 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
14:6 fvs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τῷ μέσῳ 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express who she was dancing **in the midst** of explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the midst of the guests attending the birthday celebration” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:6 vdik rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown γενεσίοις δὲ γενομένοις τοῦ Ἡρῴδου 1 In some cultures, people celebrate the day that someone was born. If it would be helpful in your language, you can state what it means explicitly. Alternate translation: “And they were celebrating Herod’s birthday” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
14:8 rhk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἡ δὲ προβιβασθεῖσα ὑπὸ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτῆς 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now her mother urged her beforehand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:8 ruy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πίνακι 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you can state what **platter** means explicitly. Alternate translation: “a large plate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
14:8 ruy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πίνακι 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you can state what the word **platter** means explicitly. Alternate translation: “a large plate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
14:9 s8zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καὶ ἐλυπήθη ὁ βασιλεὺς 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The king grieved” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:9 j6nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκέλευσεν δοθῆναι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “Herod” did it. Alternate translation: “Herod commanded that it be given to her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:9 j6nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκέλευσεν δοθῆναι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “the soldiers” did it. Alternate translation: “Herod commanded that the soldiers give to her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:11 nd5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἠνέχθη ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πίνακι, καὶ ἐδόθη τῷ κορασίῳ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “someone brought his head on a platter and gave it to the girl” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:11 pba6 πίνακι 1 See how you translated **platter** in verse [14:8](../14/08.md).
14:12 mq89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντες, ἀπήγγειλαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the disciples of John went and told Jesus what had happened to John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:12 mq89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντες, ἀπήγγειλαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 The apprentices came to Jesus to tell him what happened to John. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the disciples of John went and told Jesus what had happened to John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:13 id97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background ἀκούσας δὲ, ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνεχώρησεν ἐκεῖθεν ἐν πλοίῳ εἰς ἔρημον τόπον κατ’ ἰδίαν 1 Here, Matthew is providing the reader with background information for what Jesus is about to do. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “After hearing about this, Jesus was going away from there in a boat to a desert place by himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
14:13 ia39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Matthew implies here that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:13 ipm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πεζῇ 1 Here, **on foot** is an idiom meaning “walked.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “walking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:14 d8n3 καὶ ἐξελθὼν 1 Alternate translation: “And when Jesus got off the boat”
14:13 ipm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πεζῇ 1 Here, **on foot** is an idiom meaning that they walked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “walking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:15 otp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἡ ὥρα ἤδη παρῆλθεν 1 This phrase means it was late in the day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “it is already late in the day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:16 r5gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς 1 The word **You** is plural, referring to the disciples. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
14:17 ih48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions πέντε ἄρτους 1 If it would appear in your language that the disciples are making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “we only have five loaves and two fish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
14:19 i34u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 Here, **looked up to heaven** is symbolic for praying that God would provide enough food for the crowd. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
14:19 bf1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis εὐλόγησεν καὶ κλάσας 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “he blessed them, and having broken the food into pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
14:19 t7ei rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ τοῖς ὄχλοις 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “and the disciples gave the loaves to the crowds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
14:19 i34u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 Here, **looked up to heaven** is symbolic for praying. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
14:19 bf1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis εὐλόγησεν καὶ κλάσας 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “he blessed them, and having broken the food into pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
14:19 t7ei rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ τοῖς ὄχλοις 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “and the disciples gave the loaves to the crowds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
14:20 l2h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your languages in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:21 als7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ἄνδρες & πεντακισχίλιοι 1 Alternate translation: “five thousand men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
14:22 yp8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background ἠνάγκασεν τοὺς μαθητὰς ἐμβῆναι εἰς τὸ πλοῖον, καὶ προάγειν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ πέραν, ἕως οὗ ἀπολύσῃ τοὺς ὄχλους 1 Matthew is providing background information for the next story about Jesus walking on the water. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Jesus was making the disciples to get into the boat to the other side before him while he was sending away the crowds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
14:24 vzd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background τὸ δὲ πλοῖον ἤδη μέσον τῆς θαλάσσης ἦν βασανιζόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων, ἦν γὰρ ἐναντίος ὁ ἄνεμος 1 Matthew provides more information to help the reader understand the follow verses. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “The boat was already in the middle of the sea, and was being tossed around by waves because of a strong opposing wind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
14:25 pmw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τετάρτῃ δὲ φυλακῇ τῆς νυκτὸς 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you can state what **fourth watch** means explicitly. Alternate translation: “some time just before the sun rose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
14:26 h7df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations λέγοντες, ὅτι φάντασμά 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that he is a ghost” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
14:30 sk3j βλέπων & τὸν ἄνεμον ἰσχυρὸν 1 Here, **seeing** the **wind** means he “he became afraid” because he became aware of the wind and the large waves that it caused. Alternate translation: “when Peter saw that the wind was tossing the waves back and forth” or “when he realized how strong the wind was”
14:30 sk3j βλέπων & τὸν ἄνεμον ἰσχυρὸν 1 Here, **seeing** the **wind** means he became afraid because he became aware of the wind and the large waves that it caused. Alternate translation: “when Peter saw that the wind was strong, and was causing large waves”
14:31 ia1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τί ἐδίστασας? 1 Here, **doubt** is referring to Peter doubting that Jesus could help him from sinking. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “why did you doubt that I could keep you from sinking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:31 cr9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion εἰς τί ἐδίστασας? 1 Jesus is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you certainly should not have doubted!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
14:33 u8pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ Υἱὸς 1 **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
@ -1059,55 +1048,55 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
14:36 mw8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive διεσώθησαν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “Jesus” did it. Alternate translation: “Jesus healed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15:intro i9a5 0 # Matthew 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:8-9, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The “traditions of the elders”\n\nThe “traditions of the elders” were oral laws that the Jewish religious leaders developed because they wanted to make sure that everyone obeyed the law of Moses. However, they often worked harder to obey these rules than to obey the law of Moses itself. Jesus rebuked the religious leaders for this, and they became angry as a result. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n### Jews and Gentiles\n\nThe Jews of Jesus’ time thought that only Jews could please God by the way they lived. Jesus healed a Canaanite Gentile woman’s daughter to show his followers that he would accept both Jews and Gentiles as his people.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Sheep\n\nThe Bible often speaks of people as if they were sheep because sheep need someone to take care of them. This is because they do not see well and they often go to where other animals can kill them easily. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:1 q6af rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent τότε 1 Jesus is using the word translated **Then** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
15:2 j1b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion διὰ τί οἱ μαθηταί σου παραβαίνουσιν τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων? 1 The Pharisees are using the question form to challenge Jesus about why his disciples are not following the traditions of the elders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your disciples certainly violate the traditions of the elder!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:2 j1b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion διὰ τί οἱ μαθηταί σου παραβαίνουσιν τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων? 1 The Pharisees are using the question form to challenge Jesus about why his disciples are not following the traditions of the elders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your disciples certainly violate the traditions of the elders!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:2 yn6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 Here, **the traditions of the elders** is not referring to the law of Moses, but to man-made laws. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “traditional teachings which previous people created” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
15:2 gfn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ & νίπτονται τὰς χεῖρας 1 This washing is not only to clean the hands of filth, but also to rid the body of impurities. It is one which the Pharisees participated in, and often they compelled other people to do so as well. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “they do not wash their hands of their impurities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:3 ia1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion διὰ τί καὶ ὑμεῖς παραβαίνετε τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the Pharisees. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You are violating the commandment of God because of your traditions!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:4 srz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes τίμα τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα & ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα, θανάτῳ τελευτάτω 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For Moses said to honor your father and mother. He also said that the person who speaks evil against his father or mother deserves to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
15:4 srz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes τίμα τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα καί ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα, θανάτῳ τελευτάτω 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For Moses said to honor your father and mother. He also said that the person who speaks evil against his father or mother deserves to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
15:5 ql75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δῶρον 1 It might be necessary in your language to say who the gift is for. This gift is given to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “is a gift for God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:5 l8t0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ὑμεῖς δὲ λέγετε, ὃς ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί, δῶρον ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But you say that whoever says to his father or mother ‘Whatever from might have been helpful is a gift’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
15:5 l8t0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ὑμεῖς δὲ λέγετε, ὃς ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί, δῶρον ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But you say that whoever says to his father or mother ‘Whatever might have been helpful from me is a gift’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
15:6 q3kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πατέρα 1 Here, the word **father** implies the idea of both the father and the mother. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “father and mother” or “parents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:6 znt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἠκυρώσατε τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **the word of God** is referring to God’s commandments in the Old Testament. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “you have made void the God’s commandments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:7 t4fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ὑποκριταί 1 Jesus calls them **hypocrites** in an exclamatory way to emphasize his anger with them. Use an exclamation that is natural in your language for communicating this. Alternate translation: “You are hypocrites!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
15:7 n4ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “when he said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
15:8 qw69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ λαὸς οὗτος τοῖς χείλεσίν με τιμᾷ 1 Isaiah, who Jesus is quoting, is using the term **lips** to mean when someone is speaking. Alternate translation: “This people honors me when they speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:8 qw69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ λαὸς οὗτος τοῖς χείλεσίν με τιμᾷ 1 Isaiah, whom Jesus is quoting, is using the term **lips** to mean when someone is speaking. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This people honors me when they speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:8 bz91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns με & ἐμοῦ 1 Here, the words **me** are referring to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “me, God … me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
15:8 wuw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 Jesus is using the term **heart** to mean a person’s inner thoughts or emotions. Alternate translation: “desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:8 q7vm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **far from me** is an idiom meaning that they do not love him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “but they are not love me in their hearts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:8 wuw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ & καρδία 1 Jesus is using the term **heart** to mean a person’s inner thoughts or desires. Alternate translation: “desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:8 q7vm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **far from me** is an idiom meaning that they do not love him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “but they do not love me in their hearts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:8 hr29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, **but** contrasts what is before it to what comes after it. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
15:9 vvb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων 1 James is using the possessive form to describe these **commandments** as something which are created by people instead of God. If this is not clear in your language, you could use the adjective “man-made” instead of the noun “men.” Alternate translation: “man-made commandments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
15:11 s28y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οὐ τὸ εἰσερχόμενον εἰς τὸ στόμα κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἐκπορευόμενον ἐκ τοῦ στόματος, τοῦτο κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 Jesus is using the phrase **enters into the mouth** to mean what a person eats. He is using the phrase **comes out from the mouth** to mean what a person says. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Nothing that a person eats defiles them, but what a person says, this is what defiles them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:12 l2uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἱ Φαρισαῖοι & ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Pharisees … were upset” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15:13 n5ij rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πᾶσα φυτεία ἣν οὐκ ἐφύτευσεν ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ οὐράνιος ἐκριζωθήσεται 1 Here, Jesus refers to the Pharisees as if they were plants. He also speaks of God as if he is a farmer who **uproots** the plants, or judges them. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The Pharisees are like plants that my Heavenly Father will pull up because he did not plant them” or “The Pharisees will be judged severely by my Heavenly Father because they do not obey him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:13 j49e rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ οὐράνιος 1 **Father** is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
15:13 j49e rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατήρ μου 1 **Father** is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain this title in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
15:13 hs4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκριζωθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will uproot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15:14 r167 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἄφετε αὐτούς 1 The word **them** refers to the Pharisees. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Pharisees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
15:14 ai9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁδηγοί εἰσιν τυφλοί τυφλὸς, δὲ τυφλὸν ἐὰν ὁδηγῇ, ἀμφότεροι εἰς βόθυνον πεσοῦνται 1 Jesus speaks of the Pharisees as if they were blind people trying to **guide** other **blind** people. Jesus means that the Pharisees do not understand how to help people obey God. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “They are like blind guides. But if the blind lead the blind along, both will fall into a hole” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:15 shg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἡμῖν 1 Here, **us** refers to the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “to us disciples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
15:14 r167 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτούς 1 The word **them** refers to the Pharisees. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Pharisees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
15:14 ai9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁδηγοί εἰσιν τυφλοί τυφλὸς, δὲ τυφλὸν ἐὰν ὁδηγῇ, ἀμφότεροι εἰς βόθυνον πεσοῦνται 1 Jesus speaks of the Pharisees as if they were blind people trying to **guide** other **blind** people. Jesus means that the Pharisees do not understand how to help people obey God because they themselves do not know how to obey God. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “They are like blind guides. But if the blind lead the blind along, both will fall into a hole” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:15 shg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἡμῖν 1 By **us**, Peter means himself and the other disciples but not Jesus, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
15:16 al9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἀκμὴν καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀσύνετοί ἐστε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “After all I have said and done, I am amazed that you still do not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:17 l5nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὔπω νοεῖτε ὅτι πᾶν τὸ εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς τὸ στόμα, εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν χωρεῖ, καὶ εἰς ἀφεδρῶνα ἐκβάλλεται? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge his disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You ought to understand that everything that go into a persons mouth passes into the stomach and is passed out into the toilet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:17 s9z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀφεδρῶνα 1 Here, **latrine** is a word which means the place where you bury your bodily waste. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
15:18 ca1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὰ & ἐκπορευόμενα ἐκ τοῦ στόματος 1 Jesus is using the phrase **proceeding out of the mouth** to mean speaking. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things which a person speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:18 jt6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῆς καρδίας 1 Jesus is using the term **heart** to mean a persons inner desires or thoughts. If it would it would be helpful to your readers, you can state this in a plain way. Alternate translation: “a persons inner thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:20 bme7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωπον & ἄνθρωπον 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “people” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
15:21 e5gv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nHere, Matthew is introducing a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
15:21 e5gv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 Here, Matthew is introducing a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
15:21 t81u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνεχώρησεν 1 It is implied that the disciples went with Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples withdrew” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:22 x1wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants ἰδοὺ, γυνὴ Χαναναία ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων ἐκείνων ἐξελθοῦσα 1 Matthew is using the phrase **behold, a Canaanite woman having come out** to introduce the **Canaanite woman** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “Behold, there was a woman from the people called the Canaanites who was coming from the region” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
15:22 xs64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship Υἱὸς Δαυείδ 1 Jesus was not David’s literal **Son**, but his descendant. The title **Son of David** is also an important messianic title. Make sure this is clear to your readers. Alternate translation: “Descendant of King David, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])
15:22 j6rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἡ θυγάτηρ μου κακῶς δαιμονίζεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “a demon” did it. Alternate translation: “A demon is controlling my daughter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15:23 hd2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῇ λόγον 1 Matthew is using the phrase **he did not answer her a word** to mean that he did not respond to her cries for help. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:23 hd2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῇ λόγον 1 Matthew is using the phrase **he did not answer her a word** to mean that he did not respond to her cries for help. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he did not respond to her cries” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:24 t9ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐκ ἀπεστάλην 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God did not send me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15:24 wfnx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions οὐκ ἀπεστάλην εἰ μὴ εἰς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ 1 If it would in appear your language that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “I was sent only for the lost sheep of the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
15:24 u9t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor εἰς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ 1 Here, Jesus is referring to the people of **Israel** who have gone astray as **lost sheep**. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the people of Israel who have wandered like lost sheep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:25 u3jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction προσεκύνει αὐτῷ 1 Here, **bowing down to him** was a sign of honor which was often shown in their culture. If it would be helpful to your readers, use a similar action from your culture. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
15:26 ihz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs οὐκ ἔστιν καλὸν λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων καὶ βαλεῖν τοῖς κυναρίοις 1 This proverb draws a figurative comparison: The people of Israel are like the children of a house because they are the offspring of the parents. But non-Israelite people are like dogs because they are not the offspring. You can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “It is not good to share the message intended for the people of Israel with those from other places” or “It is not good to give something to a person for whom it was not intended” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
15:26 a5bc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων 1 Jesus is using **bread** to represent food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:26 a5bc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τὸν ἄρτον 1 Jesus is using **bread** to represent food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:27 yvw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor καὶ & τὰ κυνάρια ἐσθίει ἀπὸ τῶν ψιχίων τῶν πιπτόντων ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης τῶν κυρίων αὐτῶν 1 The woman responds by using the same imagery as Jesus used in the metaphor he just spoke. She means non-Jews should be able to have a small amount of the good things Jews are throwing away. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:27 i5tt τὰ κυνάρια 1 See how you translated **little dogs** in the previous verse.
15:28 tea2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γενηθήτω 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that Jesus did it. Alternate translation: “I will do this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15:28 n229 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἰάθη ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτῆς 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus healed her daughter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15:28 wwq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης 1 Here, **from that hour** is an idiom that means “at that moment”. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:29 np6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nMatthew is using this verse to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
15:28 wwq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης 1 Here, **from that hour** is an idiom that means “at that moment”. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at that moment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:29 np6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 Matthew is using this verse to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
15:30 c8td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj χωλούς, τυφλούς, κυλλούς, κωφούς 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **the lame, the blind, the crippled, the mute** as nouns in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase as demonstrated in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
15:30 yf7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἔρριψαν αὐτοὺς παρὰ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **they laid them at his feet** is an idiom meaning “they laid them in front of him”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “they laid them in front of Jesus” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:30 gy3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 Here, the word **them** is referring to the many sick people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the sick people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@ -1118,15 +1107,15 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
15:38 z66m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers τετρακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 1 Alternate translation: “four thousand men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:39 m8dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Μαγαδάν 1 This region is sometimes called “Magdala.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:intro za2k 0 # Matthew 16 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yeast\n\nJesus spoke of the way people thought about God as if it were bread, and he spoke of what people taught about God as if it were the yeast that makes bread dough become larger and the baked bread taste good. He did not want his followers to listen to what the Pharisees and Sadducees taught. This was because if they did listen, they would not understand who God is and how he wants his people to live. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nJesus told his people to obey his commands. He did this by telling them to “follow” him. It is as if he were walking on a path and they were walking after him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Background information\n\nMatthew continues his account from chapter 15 in verses 1-20. The account stops in verse 21 so Matthew can tell the reader that Jesus told his disciples again and again that people would kill him after he arrived in Jerusalem. Then the account continues in verses 22-27 with what happened the first time Jesus told the disciples that he would die.\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, “Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it” ([Matthew 16:25](../mat/16/25.md)).
16:1 t7p5 πειράζοντες 1 Here, **testing** is used in a negative sense. Alternate translation: “challenging him” or “wanting to trap him”
16:1 t7p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πειράζοντες 1 Here, **testing** is used in a negative sense. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “challenging him” or “wanting to trap him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:4 jl3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς 1 See how you translated this in [12:39](../12/39.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
16:4 fhx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς 1 Here, **adulterous** is a metaphor for people who are not faithful to God. See how you translated this in [12:39](../12/39.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:4 d9eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σημεῖον & οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ 2 Jesus would not give them **a sign** because, though he had already performed many miracles, they refused to believe him. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not give it a sign” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:4 d9eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ 2 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not give it a sign” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:4 dep2 εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ 1 See how you translated this in [12:39](../12/39.md). Alternate translation: “except the same sign God gave to Jonah the prophet”
16:5 ii6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJesus is using the word translated **and** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
16:5 ii6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 0 Jesus is using the word translated **and** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
16:5 si9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis τὸ πέραν 1 Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to the other side of the Sea of Galilee” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
16:6 hfz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, **yeast** is a metaphor that refers to evil ideas and wrong teaching. Translate it as **yeast** here and do not explain its meaning in your translation. This meaning will be made clear in [16:12](../16/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:8 mg8s ὀλιγόπιστοι 1 2See how you translated this in [6:30](../06/30.md).
16:8 mg8s ὀλιγόπιστοι 1 See how you translated this in [6:30](../06/30.md).
16:8 zz4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ὀλιγόπιστοι, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχετε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge his disciples. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am disappointed that you think it was because you forgot to bring bread that I talked about the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:9 h5bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὔπω νοεῖτε, οὐδὲ μνημονεύετε τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους τῶν πεντακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσους κοφίνους ἐλάβετε? 1 Jesus uses a question to rebuke his disciples. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you remember the five loaves of the 5,000, and how many baskets you gathered up!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:9 ux51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers τῶν πεντακισχιλίων 1 Alternate translation: “of the five thousand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -1135,15 +1124,15 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
16:11 mb2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε, ὅτι οὐ περὶ ἄρτων εἶπον ὑμῖν? 1 Jesus uses this question to rebuke the disciples. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have understood that I was not really speaking about bread.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:11 i7x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, **yeast** represents evil ideas and wrong teaching. Translate as “yeast” here and do not explain the meaning in your translation. In the next verse, Jesus will tell the disciples the meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:12 f73l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns συνῆκαν 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the disciples. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the disciples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
16:13 e5cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJesus is using the word translated **now** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
16:13 e5cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Jesus is using the word translated **now** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
16:13 e1jh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
16:16 n5wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος 1 **Son** is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain this title in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
16:16 r1h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος 1 Here, Peter uses the phrase **living God** to speaking about God as if he is alive. This is to contrast God as the only true God with the other gods who are not real. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the only true God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:17 yh0s rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result μακάριος εἶ, Σίμων Βαριωνᾶ, ὅτι σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι, ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father who is in heaven, you are blessed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
16:17 le6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Σίμων Βαριωνᾶ 1 The word **Bar** here is another way of saying “son of”. If it would be helpful in your language, could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “son of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:17 le6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Σίμων Βαριωνᾶ 1 The word **Bar** is an Aramaic word which means son. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you can spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternative translation: “the son of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
16:17 g8s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι, ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But rather” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
16:17 dfw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν 1 Jesus is using **flesh and blood** to represent a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
16:17 wix3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν 1 The pronoun **this** refers to Peter’s pronouncement in the previous phrase about Jesus being the Christ, the Son of the living God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “did not reveal to you that I am the Christ, the Son of the living God” or “did not give you the knowledge to say this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
16:17 wix3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν 1 The pronoun **this** refers to Peter’s pronouncement in the previous phrase about Jesus being “the Christ, the Son of the living God”. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “did not reveal to you that I am the Christ, the Son of the living God” or “did not give you the knowledge to say this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
16:17 v5lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but my Father in the heavens revealed it to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
16:17 gi3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατήρ μου 1 **Father** is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain this title in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
16:18 z897 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names ὅτι σὺ εἶ Πέτρος, καὶ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 Here, Jesus uses the imagery of **Peter** as a **rock**. The name **Peter** means **rock**. It might be helpful to state this explicitly in your language to make this imagery and wordplay clear to your readers. See how this is demonstrated in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1155,8 +1144,8 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
16:19 kc3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **the kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:19 ef9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὃ ἐὰν δήσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς; καὶ ὃ ἐὰν λύσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Here, **bound** is a metaphor meaning to forbid something, and **loosed** is a metaphor meaning to allow something. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whatever you forbid to happen on the earth, it will be forbidden in heaven. And whatever you allow on the earth, it will be allowed in the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:19 dy4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς -1 Jesus is using the phrase **in the heavens** to mean God himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by God who is in the heavens … by God who is in the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:21 yile rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπελθεῖν, καὶ πολλὰ παθεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, καὶ ἀρχιερέων, καὶ γραμματέων, καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι 1 Here, Jesus predicts that **to go to Jerusalem**, **to suffer much from the elders and chief priests and scribes**, **to be killed**, **to be raised on the third day** will happen one after another. Make sure this is clear in your language. Alternate translation: “to go to Jerusalem. Then, to suffer much from the elders and the chief priests and the scribes. Then to be killed and afterwards to be raised on the third day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
16:21 es1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐγερθῆναι 1 Here, **to be raised** is an idiom that means that God made Jesus alive again after he died. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God will bring back to life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:21 yile rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπελθεῖν, καὶ πολλὰ παθεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, καὶ ἀρχιερέων, καὶ γραμματέων, καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι 1 Here, everything that Jesus predicts will happen to him, that he is **to go to Jerusalem**, **to suffer much from the elders and chief priests and scribes**, **to be killed**, **to be raised on the third day** will happen one after another. Make sure this is clear in your language. Alternate translation: “to go to Jerusalem. Then, to suffer much from the elders and the chief priests and the scribes. Then to be killed and afterwards to be raised on the third day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
16:21 es1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐγερθῆναι 1 Here, **to be raised** is an idiom that means that God made Jesus alive again after he died. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to be brought back to life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:21 r5hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γραμματέων, καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God will raise me on the third day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:21 jjx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “on day three” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
16:22 guz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἵλεώς σοι 1 **Merciful to you** is an idiom that means “May God be merciful to you”. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “May God be merciful to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1172,7 +1161,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
16:26 q7x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ἐὰν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον κερδήσῃ 1 The phrase the whole world is an exaggeration meaning that the person might gain great riches and fame. Alternate translation: “if he gains everything he desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
16:26 eck5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἢ τί δώσει ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ? 1 Jesus asks this question to emphasize the value of the soul of each person. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “There is nothing a person can give in exchange for his life” or “No one can give anything in exchange for his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:27 iyu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person μέλλει & ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου & αὐτοῦ & ἀποδώσει 1 Here Jesus refers to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of man, am about … my … I will repay” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
16:27 vk5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 **Father** is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and the Son of Man, Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
16:27 vk5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 **Father** is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain this title in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
16:28 k2d1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ὑμῖν 1 Here, **you** is plural and refers to the disciples. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
16:28 wq13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτου 1 The phrase taste death is an idiom which means “to experience death.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning using plain language. Alternate translation: “who will certainly not die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:28 p1d4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns θανάτου 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of death, you can express the idea behind the abstract noun death by using the verb form. Alternate translation: “who may certainly not die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1438,7 +1427,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
21:8 t29s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ὄχλος ἔστρωσαν ἑαυτῶν τὰ ἱμάτια ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ; ἄλλοι δὲ ἔκοπτον κλάδους ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων, καὶ ἐστρώννυον ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ 1 The crowd did these things, which are usually done for a king, to show honor to Jesus. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
21:9 ky4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ὡσαννὰ & ὡσαννὰ 1 **Hosanna** is a word borrowed from Hebrew. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you can spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternative translation: “Praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
21:9 ysb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 See how you translated **Son of David** in [20:30](../020/30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:9 q52t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 The people is using the term **in the name of the Lord** to mean one who comes representing God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who represents God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:9 q52t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 The people are using the term **in the name of the Lord** to mean one who comes representing God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who represents God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:9 g73z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὡσαννὰ ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις 1 The people are using the phrase **in the highest places** to refer to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Hosanna to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:10 cb4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐσείσθη πᾶσα ἡ πόλις 1 Matthew is using the term **city** to mean the people who live in that city. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in the city were stirred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:11 nqb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession Ναζαρὲθ τῆς Γαλιλαίας 1 Here, the possessive form tells the reader that **Nazareth** is a town in the region of **Galilee**. Alternate translation: “text” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
@ -1454,13 +1443,14 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene
21:14 rpp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τυφλοὶ καὶ χωλοὶ 1 Matthew is using the adjectives **the blind and the lame** as nouns to mean people who are blind and lame. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who were blind and lame came to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:14 aku3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown χωλοὶ 1 See how you translated **lame** in [11:5](../11/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
21:15 hft8 τὰ θαυμάσια 1 This phrase refers to Jesus healing the blind and lame people in [21:14](../21/14.md). Alternate translation: “the wonderful things” or “the miracles”
21:15 fqr9 ὡσαννὰ 1 **Hosanna** means “Save us” but can also mean “Praise God!” See how you translated this in [21:9](../21/09.md).
21:15 fqr9 ὡσαννὰ 1 See how you translated **hosanna*** in [21:9](../21/09.md).
21:15 c6k8 τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 Jesus was not David’s literal son, so this may be translated as “descendant of king David.” However, “Son of David” is also a title for the Messiah, and the children were probably calling Jesus by this title. See how you translated this in [21:9](../21/09.md).
21:15 r3bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἠγανάκτησαν 1 It is implied that they were **very angry** because they did not believe Jesus was the Christ and they did not want other people praising him. Alternate translation: “they became very angry because people were praising him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:16 p7x2 ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον 1 In verse 16, Jesus quotes from the Psalms to justify how the people had responded to him.
21:16 zx4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἀκούεις τί οὗτοι λέγουσιν? 1 The chief priests and scribes ask this question to rebuke Jesus because they are angry with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not allow them to say these things about you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:16 luy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον? 1 Jesus asks this question to remind the chief priests and scribes of what they had studied in the scriptures. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hear them, but you should remember what you read in the scriptures, ‘From the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have prepared praise’?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:16 qa9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον 1 **From the mouths** refers to speaking. Alternate translation: “You caused little children and nursing infants to prepare to give praise to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:16 jgu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Have you not read that from the mouths of infants and young children I will prepare praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
21:17 kag5 καταλιπὼν αὐτοὺς 1 Alternate translation: “after Jesus left the chief priests and scribes”
21:18 q488 δὲ 1 Th word **when** is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew explains that Jesus is hungry and that is why he stops at the fig tree.
21:19 l3bi Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJesus uses a fig tree to teach his disciples about faith and prayer.

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