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Grant_Ailie-tc-create-1 (#2080) 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2080
Co-authored-by: Grant_Ailie <grant_ailie@noreply.door43.org>
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@ -3,18 +3,21 @@ PHP front intro pv9j 0 # Introduction to Philippians<br><br>## Part 1: Genera
PHP 1 intro kd3g 0 # Philippians 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul includes a prayer in the beginning of this letter. At that time, religious leaders sometimes began informal letters with a prayer.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The day of Christ<br><br>This probably refers to the day when Christ returns. Paul often connected the return of Christ with motivating godly living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This statement in verse 21 is a paradox: “to die is gain.” In verse 23 Paul explains why this is true. ([Philippians 1:21](../../php/01/21.md))
PHP 1 1 xk9z translate-names Παῦλος καὶ Τιμόθεος 1 Paul and Timothy These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PHP 1 2 uuep translate-names χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη 1 Grace to you and peace This is a common greeting and blessing that Paul often uses in the beginning of his letters. Use a form in your language that makes it clear that this is a greeting and blessing.
PHP 1 2 pyji figs-yousingular ὑμῖν 1 In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 1 3 ntp5 ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ μνείᾳ ὑμῶν 1 in all my remembrance of you Here, **in all my remembrance of you** could mean: (1) Paul thanked God each time that he thought about the Philippian Christians. Alternate translation: “each time I think about you” (2) Paul thanked God for the good things that he remembered about the Christians in Philppi. Alternate translation: “because of all that I remember about you”
PHP 1 3 w8dz figs-yousingular ὑμῶν 1 In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 1 5 bca2 ἐπὶ τῇ κοινωνίᾳ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον, ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν 1 Here, **because** could mean: (1) It could be introducing the reason for Paul’s joy. See the UST’s translation of this verse. Or (2) It could be introducing the reason that Paul gives thanks to God. Alternate translation: “I give thanks to God because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now”
PHP 1 5 yi9l translate/figs-explicit] τῇ κοινωνίᾳ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον 1 because of your fellowship in the gospel Here, **your fellowship in the gospel** refers to the Philippian Christians’ partnering with Paul in the various things involved in spreading the gospel. If it would be clearer in your language you can state this more explicitly. Alternate translation: “your participation with me in advancing the gospel” or “your partnership with me in working to spread the good news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 5 fdqe figs-yousingular ὑμῶν 1 In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 1 5 yi9l translate/figs-explicit τῇ κοινωνίᾳ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον 1 because of your fellowship in the gospel Here, **your fellowship in the gospel** refers to the Philippian Christians’ partnering with Paul in the various things involved in spreading the gospel. If it would be clearer in your language you can state this more explicitly. Alternate translation: “your participation with me in advancing the gospel” or “your partnership with me in working to spread the good news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 5 vi1r figs-explicit ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν 1 The phrase **from the first day** could mean: (1) It could mean the time at which the Philippian Christians first believed the gospel which Paul preached to them. See UST. (2) It could refer to the time at which Paul first preached the gospel in Philippi. Alternate translation: “from the time I first preached the gospel to you until now” If the phrase **from the first day** would be unclear in your language you could translate this phrase using option 1 or 2 or using a combination of option 1 and 2. Alternate translation: “from the time you first heard and believed the gospel I preached until now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 6 s1l8 figs-explicit πεποιθὼς αὐτὸ τοῦτο 1 having been persuaded The phrase **having been persuaded** indicates the reason that Paul thanks God. If it would be clearer in your language you can state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The reason I thank God is because I am confident of this very thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 6 jf4x ὁ ἐναρξάμενος 1 the one having begun Here, **the one** refers to God. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God having begun”
PHP 1 6 jf4x figs-explicit ὁ ἐναρξάμενος 1 the one having begun Here, **the one** refers to God. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God having begun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 6 u80a figs-explicit ὅτι ὁ ἐναρξάμενος ἐν ὑμῖν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν 1 The phrase **good work in you** refers to both the initial conversion of the Philippian Christians and to God’s ongoing work in their lives, through the work of the Holy Spirit, after they first believed in Jesus. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “that God, having begun his good work in you through your conversion and the ongoing work of the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 6 p2a5 figs-explicit ἐπιτελέσει 1 Here, **will perfect it** means that God will bring to completion the work which he began in the lives of the Philippian Christians at their conversion and was currently doing through the Holy Spirit. If it would be clearer in your language you can say this explicitly. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 6 p2a5 figs-explicit ἐπιτελέσει 1 Here, **will perfect it** means that God will bring to completion the work which he began in the lives of the Philippian Christians at their conversion and was currently doing. If it would be clearer in your language you can say this explicitly. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 6 p5pu figs-explicit ἡμέρας Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 The phrase **the day of Jesus Christ** refers to the time in the future when Jesus Christ will return to judge the world and save those who believe in him. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the time when Jesus Christ returns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 7 sowf figs-idiom τὸ ἔχειν με ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμᾶς 1 I have you in my heart This idiom expresses strong affection. Alternate translation: “I love you very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP 1 7 sowf figs-idiom τὸ ἔχειν με ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμᾶς 1 I have you in my heart This is an idiom which expresses strong affection. Alternate translation: “I love you very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PHP 1 7 jn2s συνκοινωνούς μου τῆς χάριτος…ὄντας 1 being partakers with me of grace Alternate translation: “sharing in grace with me”
PHP 1 7 df00 χάριτος 1 Here, Paul uses the word **grace** to refer to both to His imprisonment and to his ministry of defending and confirming the gospel. Consider saying this in a way which would make the meaning clear in your language. See UST.
PHP 1 7 df00 χάριτος 1 Here, Paul uses the word **grace** to refer to both to His imprisonment and to his ministry of defending and confirming the gospel. Consider saying this in a way which would make the meaning clear in your language if it would be unclear as it is. See UST.
PHP 1 7 o7ef figs-metonymy δεσμοῖς μου 1 Paul refers to his imprisonment in Rome by using the phrase **my chains**. Paul was chained to a guard. The Philippian Christians would have understood that Paul was referring to his imprisonment when he used the phrase **my chains** because of the close association between **chains** and being in prison. If this association is not clear in your language you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “my imprisonment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 1 7 dv6x ἀπολογίᾳ 1 At the time Paul wrote this letter the word translated **defense** was often used with a legal meaning to refer to the defense given in a court of law against a charge that was made. Here, Paul uses the word **defense** to speak of his defending the truth of the gospel. If your language has a word or phrase which expresses the legal sense of this word, considering using it if it would be natural to use in the context of defending the gospel.
PHP 1 7 cp9o βεβαιώσει 1 At the time Paul wrote this letter the word **confirmation** could be used with a legal meaning to refer to legally defending and confirming the truth of something. If your language has a word or phrase which expresses the legal sense of this word, considering using it if it would be natural to use in the context of defending and confirming the truth of the gospel.
@ -57,19 +60,29 @@ PHP 1 19 h9hf figs-abstractnouns οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι τοῦτό μοι
PHP 1 19 c48j τοῦ Πνεύματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 of the Spirit of Jesus Christ The phrase **the Spirit of Jesus Christ** is referring to the Holy Spirit.
PHP 1 20 fh48 figs-doublet κατὰ τὴν ἀποκαραδοκίαν καὶ ἐλπίδα μου 1 according to my eager expectation and hope Here, the words **eager expectation** and **hope** have very similar meanings. Paul uses these two words together to emphasize the strength of his expectation. If you have a word or phrase in your language which expresses the meaning of these two words, consider expressing the meaning of these two words by using a single word or phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP 1 20 tk7l figs-abstractnouns κατὰ τὴν ἀποκαραδοκίαν καὶ ἐλπίδα μου 1 but in everything have boldness Both **expectation** and **hope** are abstract nouns. If it would be clearer in your language you may express them together in a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “but I fully believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 1 20 jz1z figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ σώματί μου 1 Christ will be exalted in my body Here, the phrase **in my body** is used figuratively to mean the activities that Paul did with his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 1 20 t8z9 figs-activepassive μεγαλυνθήσεται Χριστὸς ἐν τῷ σώματί μου 1 Christ will be exalted in my body You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) Paul will honor Christ by what he does” (2) People will praise Christ because of what Paul does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 1 20 y78k εἴτε διὰ ζωῆς εἴτε διὰ θανάτου 1 whether through life or through death “whether I live or die” or “if I go on living or if I die”
PHP 1 21 p9b7 ἐμοὶ γὰρ 1 For to me These words are emphatic. They indicate that this is Paul’s personal experience.
PHP 1 21 sxt5 figs-metaphor τὸ ζῆν Χριστὸς 1 to live is Christ Here pleasing and serving **Christ** is spoken of as Paul’s only purpose for living. Alternate translation: “to go on living is an opportunity to please Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 21 n3jd figs-metaphor τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος 1 to die is gain Here death is spoken of as **gain**. Here, **gain** could mean: (1) Paul’s death will help spread the message of the gospel. (2) Paul will be in a better situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 22 a21c figs-metonymy εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί 1 Now if to live in the flesh The word **flesh** here is a metonym for the body, and “living in the flesh” is a metonym for being alive. Alternate translation: “But if I am to remain alive in my body” or “But if I continue to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 1 22 mwl6 figs-metaphor τοῦτό μοι καρπὸς ἔργου 1 this is fruitful labor for me The word **fruitful** here refers to the good results of Paul’s work. Alternate translation: “that means I will be able to work and my work will produce good results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 23 tq29 figs-metaphor συνέχομαι δὲ ἐκ τῶν δύο 1 But I am hard pressed between the two Paul speaks of how hard it is for him to choose between living and dying as if two heavy objects, like rocks or logs, were pushing on him from opposite sides at the same time. Your language might prefer the objects to pull rather than push. Alternate translation: “I am under tension. I do not know if I should choose to live or to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 23 f7qg figs-euphemism τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχων εἰς τὸ ἀναλῦσαι καὶ σὺν Χριστῷ εἶναι 1 having the desire to depart and to be with Christ Paul here uses **to depart** as a euphemism to show that he is not afraid of dying. Alternate translation: “I would like to die because I will go to be with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PHP 1 25 bu8d τοῦτο πεποιθὼς 1 having been persuaded of this “being sure that it is better for you that I stay alive”
PHP 1 25 kmp4 οἶδα ὅτι μενῶ 1 I know that I will remain “I know that I will continue to live” or “I know that I will keep on living”
PHP 1 20 jz1z figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ σώματί μου 1 Christ will be exalted in my body Here, the phrase **in my body** is used figuratively to mean the activities that Paul did with his body. Paul speaks of his **body** because it was with his earthly body that he would serve God on earth until he died as he explains in more detail in [1:22-24](../01/22-24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 1 20 y78k εἴτε διὰ ζωῆς εἴτε διὰ θανάτου 1 whether through life or through death Alternate translation: “whether I live or die”
PHP 1 21 n3jd figs-abstractnouns κέρδος 1 to die is gain The word **gain** is an abstract noun. If this would be unclear in your language you may express the meaning behind this word by using a verb phrase. See UST. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 1 22 a21c figs-synecdoche ἐν σαρκί 1 Now if to live in the flesh Here, the phrase **in the flesh** means “in the body”. Paul is using the word **flesh** figuratively to refer to his entire body. Paul’s audience would have understood that he was referring to his body. If this would be confusing in your language consider using a different word or phrase to avoid misunderstanding. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])<br>
PHP 1 22 mwl6 figs-metaphor τοῦτό μοι καρπὸς ἔργου 1 this is fruitful labor for me Here, the word **fruitful** refers to Paul’s work producing good results. This is a metaphor in which Paul’s anticipated productive work is compared to a plant or tree which produces good fruit. Alternate translation: “this will mean effectively serving God” or “this will mean productively working for the advancement of the gospel”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 22 kxuu figs-abstractnouns 1 The word **labor** is an abstract noun. If this would be unclear in your language you may express the meaning behind this word by using a verb phrase. See UST. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 1 23 tq29 figs-metaphor συνέχομαι δὲ ἐκ τῶν δύο 1 But I am hard pressed between the two The phrase **hard pressed** is a metaphor. Paul speaks as if he is experiencing literal pressure from two opposite sides at the same time. Paul uses this figurative expression to show his difficulty in deciding which is best, if given the option between living or dying. If this would be confusing in your language, you can translate this phrase using a metaphor that would make sense in your language or you can choose to use plain language to express it. Alternate translation: “Both options have their advantages, so the decision is not an easy one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 23 j1sv figs-activepassive συνέχομαι 1 The phrase **I am hard pressed** is in passive form. If this would be confusing in your language you can express the meaning behind this phrase by using a verb phrase that is in the active voice. Alternate translation: “It is not easy for me to decide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PHP 1 23 q0n1 figs-explicit τῶν δύο 1 Here, the phrase **the two** refers to the two options regarding what decision is best. The choice of continuing to live on earth and serve Christ or its alternative, the choice of leaving earth to be with Christ. If the phrase **the two** would be confusing in your language, consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “these two options” or “these two choices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 23 u1zs figs-abstractnouns ἐπιθυμίαν 1 The word **desire** is an abstract noun. If this would be unclear in your language you can express the meaning of this word by using it in a verb phrase. See UST. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 1 23 hhjr figs-explicit ἀναλῦσαι 1 Here, **to depart** means to leave the earth and one’s earthly body to be with Christ. Paul is speaking of his physical death but does not use the word death because he is instead choosing to focus on the positive result of his death, namely, that his physical death will result in his presence with Christ. If this would be unclear in your language, consider further explaining the phrase **to depart** in your translation. Alternate translation: “to leave this body” or “to depart from this earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 24 etly figs-explicit τὸ δὲ ἐπιμένειν ἐν τῇ σαρκὶ 1 The phrase **remain in the flesh** means to remain alive in one’s body on earth. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “but to remain in the body” or “but to remain on this earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 24 k2j7 figs-ellipsis ἀναγκαιότερον 1 In the phrase **is more necessary** Paul leaves out the implied words “than departing” because he knows that his readers will understand them from the context. If this would be unclear in your language, consider supplying these omitted words in your translation. Alternative translation: “is more necessary than departing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PHP 1 24 o4fk figs-synecdoche σαρκὶ 1 See how you translated the phrase **flesh** in [1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PHP 1 24 hnl7 figs-yousingular ὑμᾶς 1 In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be most appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 1 25 bu8d figs-explicit καὶ τοῦτο πεποιθὼς 1 having been persuaded of this The word **this** refers back to [1:24](../01/24.md) where Paul said that he believed it was more necessary that he remain alive on earth so that he could continue helping the Philippian Christians mature in their faith. If this would be unclear in your language consider further explaining the word **this** in your translation. Alternate translation: “And being sure that it is better for you that I remain” or “And having been convinced that I should remain here, on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 1 25 kmp4 figs-extrainfo μενῶ 1 I know that I will remain Here, the word **remain** refers to remaining alive on earth in one’s body in contrast to dying and leaving the earth to be with Christ. Paul explained this in [1:23-24](../01/23-24.md) so it is not necessary to explain it here. See how you translated the word **remain** in [1:24](../01/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
PHP 1 25 rruy figs-yousingular ὑμῖν 1 In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 1 25 u0ib figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν ὑμῶν προκοπὴν 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **progress** by using it as a verb in a verbal phrase or by expressing it in some other way that will make the meaning clear in your language. Alternate translation: “so that you progress in knowing Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 1 25 xvx9 figs-abstractnouns χαρὰν τῆς πίστεως 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract nouns **joy** and **faith** by using them in a verb phrase or in some other way that would be clear in your language. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 1 26 viwq grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, the phrase **so that** indicates purpose. In this verse, what follows **so that** in this verse is the reason for what Paul says in [1:25](../01/25.md). In your translation, follow the conventions of your language for purpose clauses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
PHP 1 26 i9cl ἵνα…ἐν ἐμοὶ 1 so that in me “so that because of me” or “so that because of what I do”
PHP 1 26 d906 figs-abstractnouns καύχημα 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **boasting** by expressing its meaning in a verb phrase or in some other way that would be clear in your language. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 1 27 cd3b figs-parallelism ὅτι στήκετε ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι, μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες τῇ πίστει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 that you stand firm in one spirit, with one soul striving together for the faith of the gospel The phrases **stand firm in one spirit** and **with one soul striving together** share similar meanings and emphasize the importance of unity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PHP 1 27 jey6 figs-metaphor μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες 1 with one soul striving together Agreeing with one another is spoken of as having **one soul**. Alternate translation: “agreeing with one another and striving together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 1 27 ej2s συναθλοῦντες 1 striving together “working hard together”
@ -213,7 +226,7 @@ PHP 4 1 wx5w figs-metonymy χαρὰ καὶ στέφανός μου 1 my joy an
PHP 4 1 dz44 οὕτως στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί 1 in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved “so continue living for the Lord in the way that I have taught you, dear friends”
PHP 4 2 x5qf translate-names Εὐοδίαν παρακαλῶ, καὶ Συντύχην παρακαλῶ 1 I urge Euodia, and I urge Syntyche These are women who were believers and helped Paul in the church at Philippi. Alternate translation: “I beg Euodia, and I beg Syntyche” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PHP 4 2 iyq7 figs-metonymy τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 to think the same in the Lord The phrase **to think the same** means to have the same attitude or opinion. Alternate translation: “to agree with each other because you both believe in the same Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 4 3 yb3f figs-you ἐρωτῶ καὶ σέ 1 I also ask you Here, **you** refers to the “true fellow worker” and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
PHP 4 3 yb3f figs-yousingular ἐρωτῶ καὶ σέ 1 I also ask you Here, **you** refers to the **true companion** and is singular. This is the only occurrence of the word **you** in Philippians that is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 4 3 hdz7 figs-metaphor γνήσιε σύνζυγε 1 true companion This metaphor is from farming, where two animals would be bound to the same yoke, and so they work together. Alternate translation: “fellow worker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 4 3 cm3u translate-names μετὰ καὶ Κλήμεντος 1 with also Clement **Clement** was a man who was a believer and worker in the church at Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PHP 4 3 s9h9 ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς 1 whose names are in the Book of Life “whose names God has written in the Book of Life”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
3 PHP 1 intro kd3g 0 # Philippians 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul includes a prayer in the beginning of this letter. At that time, religious leaders sometimes began informal letters with a prayer.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The day of Christ<br><br>This probably refers to the day when Christ returns. Paul often connected the return of Christ with motivating godly living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This statement in verse 21 is a paradox: “to die is gain.” In verse 23 Paul explains why this is true. ([Philippians 1:21](../../php/01/21.md))
4 PHP 1 1 xk9z translate-names Παῦλος καὶ Τιμόθεος 1 Paul and Timothy These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5 PHP 1 2 uuep translate-names χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη 1 Grace to you and peace This is a common greeting and blessing that Paul often uses in the beginning of his letters. Use a form in your language that makes it clear that this is a greeting and blessing.
6 PHP 1 2 pyji figs-yousingular ὑμῖν 1 In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
7 PHP 1 3 ntp5 ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ μνείᾳ ὑμῶν 1 in all my remembrance of you Here, **in all my remembrance of you** could mean: (1) Paul thanked God each time that he thought about the Philippian Christians. Alternate translation: “each time I think about you” (2) Paul thanked God for the good things that he remembered about the Christians in Philppi. Alternate translation: “because of all that I remember about you”
8 PHP 1 3 w8dz figs-yousingular ὑμῶν 1 In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
9 PHP 1 5 bca2 ἐπὶ τῇ κοινωνίᾳ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον, ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν 1 Here, **because** could mean: (1) It could be introducing the reason for Paul’s joy. See the UST’s translation of this verse. Or (2) It could be introducing the reason that Paul gives thanks to God. Alternate translation: “I give thanks to God because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now”
10 PHP 1 5 yi9l fdqe translate/figs-explicit] figs-yousingular τῇ κοινωνίᾳ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ὑμῶν 1 because of your fellowship in the gospel Here, **your fellowship in the gospel** refers to the Philippian Christians’ partnering with Paul in the various things involved in spreading the gospel. If it would be clearer in your language you can state this more explicitly. Alternate translation: “your participation with me in advancing the gospel” or “your partnership with me in working to spread the good news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
11 PHP 1 5 yi9l translate/figs-explicit τῇ κοινωνίᾳ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον 1 because of your fellowship in the gospel Here, **your fellowship in the gospel** refers to the Philippian Christians’ partnering with Paul in the various things involved in spreading the gospel. If it would be clearer in your language you can state this more explicitly. Alternate translation: “your participation with me in advancing the gospel” or “your partnership with me in working to spread the good news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12 PHP 1 5 vi1r figs-explicit ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν 1 The phrase **from the first day** could mean: (1) It could mean the time at which the Philippian Christians first believed the gospel which Paul preached to them. See UST. (2) It could refer to the time at which Paul first preached the gospel in Philippi. Alternate translation: “from the time I first preached the gospel to you until now” If the phrase **from the first day** would be unclear in your language you could translate this phrase using option 1 or 2 or using a combination of option 1 and 2. Alternate translation: “from the time you first heard and believed the gospel I preached until now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13 PHP 1 6 s1l8 figs-explicit πεποιθὼς αὐτὸ τοῦτο 1 having been persuaded The phrase **having been persuaded** indicates the reason that Paul thanks God. If it would be clearer in your language you can state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The reason I thank God is because I am confident of this very thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14 PHP 1 6 jf4x figs-explicit ὁ ἐναρξάμενος 1 the one having begun Here, **the one** refers to God. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God having begun” Here, **the one** refers to God. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God having begun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15 PHP 1 6 u80a figs-explicit ὅτι ὁ ἐναρξάμενος ἐν ὑμῖν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν 1 The phrase **good work in you** refers to both the initial conversion of the Philippian Christians and to God’s ongoing work in their lives, through the work of the Holy Spirit, after they first believed in Jesus. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “that God, having begun his good work in you through your conversion and the ongoing work of the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16 PHP 1 6 p2a5 figs-explicit ἐπιτελέσει 1 Here, **will perfect it** means that God will bring to completion the work which he began in the lives of the Philippian Christians at their conversion and was currently doing through the Holy Spirit. If it would be clearer in your language you can say this explicitly. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Here, **will perfect it** means that God will bring to completion the work which he began in the lives of the Philippian Christians at their conversion and was currently doing. If it would be clearer in your language you can say this explicitly. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17 PHP 1 6 p5pu figs-explicit ἡμέρας Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 The phrase **the day of Jesus Christ** refers to the time in the future when Jesus Christ will return to judge the world and save those who believe in him. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the time when Jesus Christ returns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18 PHP 1 7 sowf figs-idiom τὸ ἔχειν με ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμᾶς 1 I have you in my heart This idiom expresses strong affection. Alternate translation: “I love you very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) This is an idiom which expresses strong affection. Alternate translation: “I love you very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19 PHP 1 7 jn2s συνκοινωνούς μου τῆς χάριτος…ὄντας 1 being partakers with me of grace Alternate translation: “sharing in grace with me”
20 PHP 1 7 df00 χάριτος 1 Here, Paul uses the word **grace** to refer to both to His imprisonment and to his ministry of defending and confirming the gospel. Consider saying this in a way which would make the meaning clear in your language. See UST. Here, Paul uses the word **grace** to refer to both to His imprisonment and to his ministry of defending and confirming the gospel. Consider saying this in a way which would make the meaning clear in your language if it would be unclear as it is. See UST.
21 PHP 1 7 o7ef figs-metonymy δεσμοῖς μου 1 Paul refers to his imprisonment in Rome by using the phrase **my chains**. Paul was chained to a guard. The Philippian Christians would have understood that Paul was referring to his imprisonment when he used the phrase **my chains** because of the close association between **chains** and being in prison. If this association is not clear in your language you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “my imprisonment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22 PHP 1 7 dv6x ἀπολογίᾳ 1 At the time Paul wrote this letter the word translated **defense** was often used with a legal meaning to refer to the defense given in a court of law against a charge that was made. Here, Paul uses the word **defense** to speak of his defending the truth of the gospel. If your language has a word or phrase which expresses the legal sense of this word, considering using it if it would be natural to use in the context of defending the gospel.
23 PHP 1 7 cp9o βεβαιώσει 1 At the time Paul wrote this letter the word **confirmation** could be used with a legal meaning to refer to legally defending and confirming the truth of something. If your language has a word or phrase which expresses the legal sense of this word, considering using it if it would be natural to use in the context of defending and confirming the truth of the gospel.
60 PHP 1 19 c48j τοῦ Πνεύματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 of the Spirit of Jesus Christ The phrase **the Spirit of Jesus Christ** is referring to the Holy Spirit.
61 PHP 1 20 fh48 figs-doublet κατὰ τὴν ἀποκαραδοκίαν καὶ ἐλπίδα μου 1 according to my eager expectation and hope Here, the words **eager expectation** and **hope** have very similar meanings. Paul uses these two words together to emphasize the strength of his expectation. If you have a word or phrase in your language which expresses the meaning of these two words, consider expressing the meaning of these two words by using a single word or phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
62 PHP 1 20 tk7l figs-abstractnouns κατὰ τὴν ἀποκαραδοκίαν καὶ ἐλπίδα μου 1 but in everything have boldness Both **expectation** and **hope** are abstract nouns. If it would be clearer in your language you may express them together in a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “but I fully believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
63 PHP 1 20 jz1z figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ σώματί μου 1 Christ will be exalted in my body Here, the phrase **in my body** is used figuratively to mean the activities that Paul did with his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here, the phrase **in my body** is used figuratively to mean the activities that Paul did with his body. Paul speaks of his **body** because it was with his earthly body that he would serve God on earth until he died as he explains in more detail in [1:22-24](../01/22-24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
64 PHP 1 20 t8z9 y78k figs-activepassive μεγαλυνθήσεται Χριστὸς ἐν τῷ σώματί μου εἴτε διὰ ζωῆς εἴτε διὰ θανάτου 1 Christ will be exalted in my body whether through life or through death You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) Paul will honor Christ by what he does” (2) People will praise Christ because of what Paul does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Alternate translation: “whether I live or die”
65 PHP 1 20 21 y78k n3jd figs-abstractnouns εἴτε διὰ ζωῆς εἴτε διὰ θανάτου κέρδος 1 whether through life or through death to die is gain “whether I live or die” or “if I go on living or if I die” The word **gain** is an abstract noun. If this would be unclear in your language you may express the meaning behind this word by using a verb phrase. See UST. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
66 PHP 1 21 22 p9b7 a21c figs-synecdoche ἐμοὶ γὰρ ἐν σαρκί 1 For to me Now if to live in the flesh These words are emphatic. They indicate that this is Paul’s personal experience. Here, the phrase **in the flesh** means “in the body”. Paul is using the word **flesh** figuratively to refer to his entire body. Paul’s audience would have understood that he was referring to his body. If this would be confusing in your language consider using a different word or phrase to avoid misunderstanding. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])<br>
67 PHP 1 21 22 sxt5 mwl6 figs-metaphor τὸ ζῆν Χριστὸς τοῦτό μοι καρπὸς ἔργου 1 to live is Christ this is fruitful labor for me Here pleasing and serving **Christ** is spoken of as Paul’s only purpose for living. Alternate translation: “to go on living is an opportunity to please Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, the word **fruitful** refers to Paul’s work producing good results. This is a metaphor in which Paul’s anticipated productive work is compared to a plant or tree which produces good fruit. Alternate translation: “this will mean effectively serving God” or “this will mean productively working for the advancement of the gospel”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68 PHP 1 21 22 n3jd kxuu figs-metaphor figs-abstractnouns τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος 1 to die is gain Here death is spoken of as **gain**. Here, **gain** could mean: (1) Paul’s death will help spread the message of the gospel. (2) Paul will be in a better situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The word **labor** is an abstract noun. If this would be unclear in your language you may express the meaning behind this word by using a verb phrase. See UST. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
69 PHP 1 22 23 a21c tq29 figs-metonymy figs-metaphor εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί συνέχομαι δὲ ἐκ τῶν δύο 1 Now if to live in the flesh But I am hard pressed between the two The word **flesh** here is a metonym for the body, and “living in the flesh” is a metonym for being alive. Alternate translation: “But if I am to remain alive in my body” or “But if I continue to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The phrase **hard pressed** is a metaphor. Paul speaks as if he is experiencing literal pressure from two opposite sides at the same time. Paul uses this figurative expression to show his difficulty in deciding which is best, if given the option between living or dying. If this would be confusing in your language, you can translate this phrase using a metaphor that would make sense in your language or you can choose to use plain language to express it. Alternate translation: “Both options have their advantages, so the decision is not an easy one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70 PHP 1 22 23 mwl6 j1sv figs-metaphor figs-activepassive τοῦτό μοι καρπὸς ἔργου συνέχομαι 1 this is fruitful labor for me The word **fruitful** here refers to the good results of Paul’s work. Alternate translation: “that means I will be able to work and my work will produce good results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The phrase **I am hard pressed** is in passive form. If this would be confusing in your language you can express the meaning behind this phrase by using a verb phrase that is in the active voice. Alternate translation: “It is not easy for me to decide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
71 PHP 1 23 tq29 q0n1 figs-metaphor figs-explicit συνέχομαι δὲ ἐκ τῶν δύο τῶν δύο 1 But I am hard pressed between the two Paul speaks of how hard it is for him to choose between living and dying as if two heavy objects, like rocks or logs, were pushing on him from opposite sides at the same time. Your language might prefer the objects to pull rather than push. Alternate translation: “I am under tension. I do not know if I should choose to live or to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, the phrase **the two** refers to the two options regarding what decision is best. The choice of continuing to live on earth and serve Christ or its alternative, the choice of leaving earth to be with Christ. If the phrase **the two** would be confusing in your language, consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “these two options” or “these two choices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
72 PHP 1 23 f7qg u1zs figs-euphemism figs-abstractnouns τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχων εἰς τὸ ἀναλῦσαι καὶ σὺν Χριστῷ εἶναι ἐπιθυμίαν 1 having the desire to depart and to be with Christ Paul here uses **to depart** as a euphemism to show that he is not afraid of dying. Alternate translation: “I would like to die because I will go to be with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) The word **desire** is an abstract noun. If this would be unclear in your language you can express the meaning of this word by using it in a verb phrase. See UST. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
73 PHP 1 25 23 bu8d hhjr figs-explicit τοῦτο πεποιθὼς ἀναλῦσαι 1 having been persuaded of this “being sure that it is better for you that I stay alive” Here, **to depart** means to leave the earth and one’s earthly body to be with Christ. Paul is speaking of his physical death but does not use the word death because he is instead choosing to focus on the positive result of his death, namely, that his physical death will result in his presence with Christ. If this would be unclear in your language, consider further explaining the phrase **to depart** in your translation. Alternate translation: “to leave this body” or “to depart from this earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
74 PHP 1 25 24 kmp4 etly figs-explicit οἶδα ὅτι μενῶ τὸ δὲ ἐπιμένειν ἐν τῇ σαρκὶ 1 I know that I will remain “I know that I will continue to live” or “I know that I will keep on living” The phrase **remain in the flesh** means to remain alive in one’s body on earth. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “but to remain in the body” or “but to remain on this earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
75 PHP 1 24 k2j7 figs-ellipsis ἀναγκαιότερον 1 In the phrase **is more necessary** Paul leaves out the implied words “than departing” because he knows that his readers will understand them from the context. If this would be unclear in your language, consider supplying these omitted words in your translation. Alternative translation: “is more necessary than departing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
76 PHP 1 24 o4fk figs-synecdoche σαρκὶ 1 See how you translated the phrase **flesh** in [1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
77 PHP 1 24 hnl7 figs-yousingular ὑμᾶς 1 In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be most appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
78 PHP 1 25 bu8d figs-explicit καὶ τοῦτο πεποιθὼς 1 having been persuaded of this The word **this** refers back to [1:24](../01/24.md) where Paul said that he believed it was more necessary that he remain alive on earth so that he could continue helping the Philippian Christians mature in their faith. If this would be unclear in your language consider further explaining the word **this** in your translation. Alternate translation: “And being sure that it is better for you that I remain” or “And having been convinced that I should remain here, on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
79 PHP 1 25 kmp4 figs-extrainfo μενῶ 1 I know that I will remain Here, the word **remain** refers to remaining alive on earth in one’s body in contrast to dying and leaving the earth to be with Christ. Paul explained this in [1:23-24](../01/23-24.md) so it is not necessary to explain it here. See how you translated the word **remain** in [1:24](../01/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
80 PHP 1 25 rruy figs-yousingular ὑμῖν 1 In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
81 PHP 1 25 u0ib figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν ὑμῶν προκοπὴν 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **progress** by using it as a verb in a verbal phrase or by expressing it in some other way that will make the meaning clear in your language. Alternate translation: “so that you progress in knowing Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
82 PHP 1 25 xvx9 figs-abstractnouns χαρὰν τῆς πίστεως 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract nouns **joy** and **faith** by using them in a verb phrase or in some other way that would be clear in your language. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
83 PHP 1 26 viwq grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, the phrase **so that** indicates purpose. In this verse, what follows **so that** in this verse is the reason for what Paul says in [1:25](../01/25.md). In your translation, follow the conventions of your language for purpose clauses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
84 PHP 1 26 i9cl ἵνα…ἐν ἐμοὶ 1 so that in me “so that because of me” or “so that because of what I do”
85 PHP 1 26 d906 figs-abstractnouns καύχημα 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **boasting** by expressing its meaning in a verb phrase or in some other way that would be clear in your language. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
86 PHP 1 27 cd3b figs-parallelism ὅτι στήκετε ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι, μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες τῇ πίστει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 that you stand firm in one spirit, with one soul striving together for the faith of the gospel The phrases **stand firm in one spirit** and **with one soul striving together** share similar meanings and emphasize the importance of unity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
87 PHP 1 27 jey6 figs-metaphor μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες 1 with one soul striving together Agreeing with one another is spoken of as having **one soul**. Alternate translation: “agreeing with one another and striving together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
88 PHP 1 27 ej2s συναθλοῦντες 1 striving together “working hard together”
226 PHP 4 1 dz44 οὕτως στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί 1 in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved “so continue living for the Lord in the way that I have taught you, dear friends”
227 PHP 4 2 x5qf translate-names Εὐοδίαν παρακαλῶ, καὶ Συντύχην παρακαλῶ 1 I urge Euodia, and I urge Syntyche These are women who were believers and helped Paul in the church at Philippi. Alternate translation: “I beg Euodia, and I beg Syntyche” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
228 PHP 4 2 iyq7 figs-metonymy τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 to think the same in the Lord The phrase **to think the same** means to have the same attitude or opinion. Alternate translation: “to agree with each other because you both believe in the same Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
229 PHP 4 3 yb3f figs-you figs-yousingular ἐρωτῶ καὶ σέ 1 I also ask you Here, **you** refers to the “true fellow worker” and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) Here, **you** refers to the **true companion** and is singular. This is the only occurrence of the word **you** in Philippians that is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
230 PHP 4 3 hdz7 figs-metaphor γνήσιε σύνζυγε 1 true companion This metaphor is from farming, where two animals would be bound to the same yoke, and so they work together. Alternate translation: “fellow worker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231 PHP 4 3 cm3u translate-names μετὰ καὶ Κλήμεντος 1 with also Clement **Clement** was a man who was a believer and worker in the church at Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
232 PHP 4 3 s9h9 ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς 1 whose names are in the Book of Life “whose names God has written in the Book of Life”