Removes spaces before new lines (#3100)

Co-authored-by: Richard Mahn <richmahn@users.noreply.github.com>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3100
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Richard Mahn 2023-01-24 16:41:39 +00:00
parent a72a07ce59
commit 97d492668a
7 changed files with 25 additions and 25 deletions

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@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ front:intro z2ar 0 # Introduction to 1 Samuel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:1 mwm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names צוֹפִ֖ים 1 The phrase **the Zuphites** refers to the people group that descended from Zuph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1:1 mwm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names צוֹפִ֖ים 1 The phrase **the Zuphites** refers to the people group that descended from Zuph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:1 hizk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶפְרָ֑יִם 1 Here, **Ephraim** refers to the land that was allotted to the people belonging to the Israelite tribe of Ephraim (see Joshua 16:19).(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1:1 hizk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶפְרָ֑יִם 1 Here, **Ephraim** refers to the land that was allotted to the people belonging to the Israelite tribe of Ephraim (see Joshua 16:19).(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:1 cjl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶ֠לְקָנָה & יְרֹחָ֧ם & אֱלִיה֛וּא & תֹּ֥חוּ & צ֖וּף 1 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1:1 cjl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶ֠לְקָנָה & יְרֹחָ֧ם & אֱלִיה֛וּא & תֹּ֥חוּ & צ֖וּף 1 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:1 x8xp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶפְרָתִֽי 1 Here, **Ephraimite** refers to anyone living in the territory of Ephraim. \n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1:1 x8xp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶפְרָתִֽי 1 Here, **Ephraimite** refers to anyone living in the territory of Ephraim.\n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:2 roc0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠ל⁠וֹ֙ 1 The pronoun **him** refers to Elkanah. \n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) 1:2 roc0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠ל⁠וֹ֙ 1 The pronoun **him** refers to Elkanah.\n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
1:2 g5tk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חַנָּ֔ה & פְּנִנָּ֑ה 1 These are the names of two women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1:2 g5tk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חַנָּ֔ה & פְּנִנָּ֑ה 1 These are the names of two women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:3 zzb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הָ⁠אִ֨ישׁ הַ⁠ה֤וּא 1 The word **that** in the phrase **that man** is a demonstrative pronoun which refers to Elkanah. Alternate translation: “the man Elkanah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) 1:3 zzb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הָ⁠אִ֨ישׁ הַ⁠ה֤וּא 1 The word **that** in the phrase **that man** is a demonstrative pronoun which refers to Elkanah. Alternate translation: “the man Elkanah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
1:3 kws9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וְ⁠עָלָה֩ 1 Here, **went up** indicates that in order to reach Shiloh, Elkanah had to travel from a lower location to a higher location because Shiloh was located in a mountainous region. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) 1:3 kws9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וְ⁠עָלָה֩ 1 Here, **went up** indicates that in order to reach Shiloh, Elkanah had to travel from a lower location to a higher location because Shiloh was located in a mountainous region. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1:3 j91i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠יָּמִ֣ים׀ יָמִ֔ימָ⁠ה 1 The expression **days to days** is a Hebrew idiom. Alternate translation: “year by year” or “annually” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1:3 j91i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠יָּמִ֣ים׀ יָמִ֔ימָ⁠ה 1 The expression **days to days** is a Hebrew idiom. Alternate translation: “year by year” or “annually” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:3 w8se rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עֵלִ֗י & חָפְנִי֙ & וּ⁠פִ֣נְחָ֔ס 1 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1:3 w8se rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עֵלִ֗י & חָפְנִי֙ & וּ⁠פִ֣נְחָ֔ס 1 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:4 imlh מָנֽוֹת 1 Here, **portions** refers to portions of meat. See UST. \nAlternate translation: “meat portions” or “portions of meat” 1:4 imlh מָנֽוֹת 1 Here, **portions** refers to portions of meat. See UST.\nAlternate translation: “meat portions” or “portions of meat”
1:4 emtw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְ⁠נָתַ֞ן 1 Beginning here and continuing until the middle of verse 7, the author provides background information and explains what took place repeatedly year after year. The author does this to help readers better understand the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) 1:4 emtw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְ⁠נָתַ֞ן 1 Beginning here and continuing until the middle of verse 7, the author provides background information and explains what took place repeatedly year after year. The author does this to help readers better understand the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1:5 xq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠חַנָּ֕ה 1 **Hannah** is a womans name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1:5 xq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠חַנָּ֕ה 1 **Hannah** is a womans name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:5 k5i7 מָנָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת אַפָּ֑יִם 1 The phrase, **one portion of two faces** could mean: (1) Elkanah gave Hannah a double portion. Alternate translation: “a double portion” (2) Elkanah gave Hannah especially desirable portions of meat. Alternate translation: “a special portion” 1:5 k5i7 מָנָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת אַפָּ֑יִם 1 The phrase, **one portion of two faces** could mean: (1) Elkanah gave Hannah a double portion. Alternate translation: “a double portion” (2) Elkanah gave Hannah especially desirable portions of meat. Alternate translation: “a special portion”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
5 1:1 mwm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names צוֹפִ֖ים 1 The phrase **the Zuphites** refers to the people group that descended from Zuph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6 1:1 hizk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶפְרָ֑יִם 1 Here, **Ephraim** refers to the land that was allotted to the people belonging to the Israelite tribe of Ephraim (see Joshua 16:1–9).(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7 1:1 cjl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶ֠לְקָנָה & יְרֹחָ֧ם & אֱלִיה֛וּא & תֹּ֥חוּ & צ֖וּף 1 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8 1:1 x8xp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶפְרָתִֽי 1 Here, **Ephraimite** refers to anyone living in the territory of Ephraim. \n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Here, **Ephraimite** refers to anyone living in the territory of Ephraim.\n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9 1:2 roc0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠ל⁠וֹ֙ 1 The pronoun **him** refers to Elkanah. \n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) The pronoun **him** refers to Elkanah.\n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
10 1:2 g5tk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חַנָּ֔ה & פְּנִנָּ֑ה 1 These are the names of two women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11 1:3 zzb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הָ⁠אִ֨ישׁ הַ⁠ה֤וּא 1 The word **that** in the phrase **that man** is a demonstrative pronoun which refers to Elkanah. Alternate translation: “the man Elkanah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
12 1:3 kws9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וְ⁠עָלָה֩ 1 Here, **went up** indicates that in order to reach Shiloh, Elkanah had to travel from a lower location to a higher location because Shiloh was located in a mountainous region. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
13 1:3 j91i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠יָּמִ֣ים׀ יָמִ֔ימָ⁠ה 1 The expression **days to days** is a Hebrew idiom. Alternate translation: “year by year” or “annually” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14 1:3 w8se rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עֵלִ֗י & חָפְנִי֙ & וּ⁠פִ֣נְחָ֔ס 1 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15 1:4 imlh מָנֽוֹת 1 Here, **portions** refers to portions of meat. See UST. \nAlternate translation: “meat portions” or “portions of meat” Here, **portions** refers to portions of meat. See UST.\nAlternate translation: “meat portions” or “portions of meat”
16 1:4 emtw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְ⁠נָתַ֞ן 1 Beginning here and continuing until the middle of verse 7, the author provides background information and explains what took place repeatedly year after year. The author does this to help readers better understand the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
17 1:5 xq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠חַנָּ֕ה 1 **Hannah** is a woman’s name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18 1:5 k5i7 מָנָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת אַפָּ֑יִם 1 The phrase, **one portion of two faces** could mean: (1) Elkanah gave Hannah a double portion. Alternate translation: “a double portion” (2) Elkanah gave Hannah especially desirable portions of meat. Alternate translation: “a special portion”

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@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ front:intro d9hy 0 # Introduction to Colossians\n\n## Part 1: General Introdu
2:23 blil rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession πλησμονὴν τῆς σαρκός 1 Paul uses the possessive form to speak of **indulgence** one gives to the **flesh**. If your language would not use the possessive form to express this idea, you could translate **indulgence** with a verb such as “indulging.” Alternate translation: “indulging the flesh.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) 2:23 blil rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession πλησμονὴν τῆς σαρκός 1 Paul uses the possessive form to speak of **indulgence** one gives to the **flesh**. If your language would not use the possessive form to express this idea, you could translate **indulgence** with a verb such as “indulging.” Alternate translation: “indulging the flesh.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
2:23 e70e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πλησμονὴν τῆς σαρκός 1 If one “indulges” **the flesh**, this means that one has behaved in ways that match what ones weak and sinful parts wish. If this phrase would be misunderstood in your language, you could express the idea by using a word for “sin.” Alternate translation: “sin” or “giving in to sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 2:23 e70e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πλησμονὴν τῆς σαρκός 1 If one “indulges” **the flesh**, this means that one has behaved in ways that match what ones weak and sinful parts wish. If this phrase would be misunderstood in your language, you could express the idea by using a word for “sin.” Alternate translation: “sin” or “giving in to sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2:23 k3x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πλησμονὴν τῆς σαρκός 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun to express the idea behind **indulgence**, you can use a verb, such as “indulge.” Alternate translation: “indulging the flesh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2:23 k3x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πλησμονὴν τῆς σαρκός 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun to express the idea behind **indulgence**, you can use a verb, such as “indulge.” Alternate translation: “indulging the flesh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:intro qtl2 0 # Colossians 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n[4:1](../04/01.md) belongs to the section that begins in [3:18](../03/18.md), even though it is in the next chapter.\n\n3. Exhortation Section\n * Seek the Things Above (3:14)\n * Take off Vices, Put on Virtues (3:517)\n * Commands for the Household (3:184:1)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Old and new “man”\n\nPaul refers to the old and new “man” in [3:910](../03/09.md). These terms refer to the person before (“old”) and after (“new”) dying and rising with Christ. With these key words, Paul makes a similar claim to what he argued in [2:1113](../02/11.md): believers are not who they used to be; rather, they have received new life in Christ and are new people. Your translation should reflect the idea that Paul tells the Colossians that they are new people in their union with Christ.\n\n### The wrath of God\n\nIn [3:6](../03/06.md), Paul speaks of the “wrath of God,” which is “coming.” Gods “wrath” is not primarily an emotion, but rather, it is his act of judgment on those who do not believe and who disobey. It is “coming” because God will act in judgment soon. In your translation, emphasize Gods act over his emotion.\n\n### No Greek and Jew … \n\nIn [3:11](../03/11.md), Paul refers to multiple different ways to categorize people in his world. See the notes on that verse for details. Paul says that none of these categories exist in the “new man.” By this, he means that these categories are not relevant for those who have died and risen with Christ. It is ones status as a “new” person that is relevant and important.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Christ, your life\n\nIn [3:4](../03/04.md), Paul identifies Christ as the Colossians “life.” This metaphor comes from the previous verse, where Paul says that the Colossians life is “hidden with Christ.” Since their life is in Christ, Christ can be called their life. To say this a different way, the Colossians only have life in Christ, so their life and Christs life are bound together.\n\n### Avoiding vices, pursuing virtues\n\nIn his exhortation to the Colossians to avoid vices and pursue virtues, Paul uses a number of metaphors. For avoiding vices, he uses the language of “putting to death” ([3:5](../03/05.md)), “laying aside” ([3:8](../03/08.md)), and “taking off” ([3:9](../03/09.md)). All these metaphors require separation from vices, whether that is pictured as putting to death parts of the body that pursue vices or as taking off evil desires as if they were clothing. For pursuing virtues, he opposes “taking off” with “putting on” ([3:10](../03/10.md); [3:12](../03/12.md)). Just as the Colossians should “take off” the desire to pursue vices, they should “put on” the desire to pursue virtues. These metaphors are all intended to help the Colossians pursue virtue instead of vice.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Vice and virtue lists\n\nIn [3:5](../03/05.md) and [3:8](../03/08.md), Paul gives lists of vices. These lists are not meant to provide a complete catalog of immoral and evil behaviors. Instead, they provide some examples that are meant to show the Colossians the kinds of behaviors that Paul has in mind. In [3:12](../03/12.md), he provides a corresponding list of virtues. The same thinking applies here: this is not a complete catalog of correct or good behavior but instead gives examples of the kinds of things that Paul wants the Colossians to do. You could introduce these lists as examples if it would help your readers understand.\n\n### The “household code”\n\nIn [3:18](../03/18.md)[4:1](../04/01.md), Paul uses a form that was well-known in his culture. It is often called a “household code,” and it consists of a list of instructions to different members of the household, including parents, children, slaves, and others. Paul uses this form and gives his own specific instructions to members of the household. Of course, he is not addressing a household but a church. He gives his instructions to whomever in the audience was a parent or a child or a slave. 3:intro qtl2 0 # Colossians 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n[4:1](../04/01.md) belongs to the section that begins in [3:18](../03/18.md), even though it is in the next chapter.\n\n3. Exhortation Section\n * Seek the Things Above (3:14)\n * Take off Vices, Put on Virtues (3:517)\n * Commands for the Household (3:184:1)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Old and new “man”\n\nPaul refers to the old and new “man” in [3:910](../03/09.md). These terms refer to the person before (“old”) and after (“new”) dying and rising with Christ. With these key words, Paul makes a similar claim to what he argued in [2:1113](../02/11.md): believers are not who they used to be; rather, they have received new life in Christ and are new people. Your translation should reflect the idea that Paul tells the Colossians that they are new people in their union with Christ.\n\n### The wrath of God\n\nIn [3:6](../03/06.md), Paul speaks of the “wrath of God,” which is “coming.” Gods “wrath” is not primarily an emotion, but rather, it is his act of judgment on those who do not believe and who disobey. It is “coming” because God will act in judgment soon. In your translation, emphasize Gods act over his emotion.\n\n### No Greek and Jew …\n\nIn [3:11](../03/11.md), Paul refers to multiple different ways to categorize people in his world. See the notes on that verse for details. Paul says that none of these categories exist in the “new man.” By this, he means that these categories are not relevant for those who have died and risen with Christ. It is ones status as a “new” person that is relevant and important.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Christ, your life\n\nIn [3:4](../03/04.md), Paul identifies Christ as the Colossians “life.” This metaphor comes from the previous verse, where Paul says that the Colossians life is “hidden with Christ.” Since their life is in Christ, Christ can be called their life. To say this a different way, the Colossians only have life in Christ, so their life and Christs life are bound together.\n\n### Avoiding vices, pursuing virtues\n\nIn his exhortation to the Colossians to avoid vices and pursue virtues, Paul uses a number of metaphors. For avoiding vices, he uses the language of “putting to death” ([3:5](../03/05.md)), “laying aside” ([3:8](../03/08.md)), and “taking off” ([3:9](../03/09.md)). All these metaphors require separation from vices, whether that is pictured as putting to death parts of the body that pursue vices or as taking off evil desires as if they were clothing. For pursuing virtues, he opposes “taking off” with “putting on” ([3:10](../03/10.md); [3:12](../03/12.md)). Just as the Colossians should “take off” the desire to pursue vices, they should “put on” the desire to pursue virtues. These metaphors are all intended to help the Colossians pursue virtue instead of vice.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Vice and virtue lists\n\nIn [3:5](../03/05.md) and [3:8](../03/08.md), Paul gives lists of vices. These lists are not meant to provide a complete catalog of immoral and evil behaviors. Instead, they provide some examples that are meant to show the Colossians the kinds of behaviors that Paul has in mind. In [3:12](../03/12.md), he provides a corresponding list of virtues. The same thinking applies here: this is not a complete catalog of correct or good behavior but instead gives examples of the kinds of things that Paul wants the Colossians to do. You could introduce these lists as examples if it would help your readers understand.\n\n### The “household code”\n\nIn [3:18](../03/18.md)[4:1](../04/01.md), Paul uses a form that was well-known in his culture. It is often called a “household code,” and it consists of a list of instructions to different members of the household, including parents, children, slaves, and others. Paul uses this form and gives his own specific instructions to members of the household. Of course, he is not addressing a household but a church. He gives his instructions to whomever in the audience was a parent or a child or a slave.
3:1 r5yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases οὖν 1 The word **therefore** introduces an exhortation based on what Paul has already said about being “raised with Christ” in [2:12](../02/12.md). Use a word or phrase that introduces an inference or concluding command based on what has already been said. Alternate translation: “then” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 3:1 r5yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases οὖν 1 The word **therefore** introduces an exhortation based on what Paul has already said about being “raised with Christ” in [2:12](../02/12.md). Use a word or phrase that introduces an inference or concluding command based on what has already been said. Alternate translation: “then” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
3:1 oav8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact εἰ & συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 Paul is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since … you were raised with Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]]) 3:1 oav8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact εἰ & συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 Paul is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since … you were raised with Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
3:1 t1jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 Paul again states that believers have been raised from the dead with Christ. By this, he means that believers are united to Christ in his resurrection and thus receive new life. If this figure of speech would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate this idea plainly. Alternate translation: “in union with the Messiah in his resurrection you received new life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:1 t1jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 Paul again states that believers have been raised from the dead with Christ. By this, he means that believers are united to Christ in his resurrection and thus receive new life. If this figure of speech would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate this idea plainly. Alternate translation: “in union with the Messiah in his resurrection you received new life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
302 2:23 blil rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession πλησμονὴν τῆς σαρκός 1 Paul uses the possessive form to speak of **indulgence** one gives to the **flesh**. If your language would not use the possessive form to express this idea, you could translate **indulgence** with a verb such as “indulging.” Alternate translation: “indulging the flesh.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
303 2:23 e70e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πλησμονὴν τῆς σαρκός 1 If one “indulges” **the flesh**, this means that one has behaved in ways that match what one’s weak and sinful parts wish. If this phrase would be misunderstood in your language, you could express the idea by using a word for “sin.” Alternate translation: “sin” or “giving in to sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
304 2:23 k3x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πλησμονὴν τῆς σαρκός 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun to express the idea behind **indulgence**, you can use a verb, such as “indulge.” Alternate translation: “indulging the flesh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
305 3:intro qtl2 0 # Colossians 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n[4:1](../04/01.md) belongs to the section that begins in [3:18](../03/18.md), even though it is in the next chapter.\n\n3. Exhortation Section\n * Seek the Things Above (3:1–4)\n * Take off Vices, Put on Virtues (3:5–17)\n * Commands for the Household (3:18–4:1)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Old and new “man”\n\nPaul refers to the old and new “man” in [3:9–10](../03/09.md). These terms refer to the person before (“old”) and after (“new”) dying and rising with Christ. With these key words, Paul makes a similar claim to what he argued in [2:11–13](../02/11.md): believers are not who they used to be; rather, they have received new life in Christ and are new people. Your translation should reflect the idea that Paul tells the Colossians that they are new people in their union with Christ.\n\n### The wrath of God\n\nIn [3:6](../03/06.md), Paul speaks of the “wrath of God,” which is “coming.” God’s “wrath” is not primarily an emotion, but rather, it is his act of judgment on those who do not believe and who disobey. It is “coming” because God will act in judgment soon. In your translation, emphasize God’s act over his emotion.\n\n### No Greek and Jew … \n\nIn [3:11](../03/11.md), Paul refers to multiple different ways to categorize people in his world. See the notes on that verse for details. Paul says that none of these categories exist in the “new man.” By this, he means that these categories are not relevant for those who have died and risen with Christ. It is one’s status as a “new” person that is relevant and important.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Christ, your life\n\nIn [3:4](../03/04.md), Paul identifies Christ as the Colossians’ “life.” This metaphor comes from the previous verse, where Paul says that the Colossians’ life is “hidden with Christ.” Since their life is in Christ, Christ can be called their life. To say this a different way, the Colossians only have life in Christ, so their life and Christ’s life are bound together.\n\n### Avoiding vices, pursuing virtues\n\nIn his exhortation to the Colossians to avoid vices and pursue virtues, Paul uses a number of metaphors. For avoiding vices, he uses the language of “putting to death” ([3:5](../03/05.md)), “laying aside” ([3:8](../03/08.md)), and “taking off” ([3:9](../03/09.md)). All these metaphors require separation from vices, whether that is pictured as putting to death parts of the body that pursue vices or as taking off evil desires as if they were clothing. For pursuing virtues, he opposes “taking off” with “putting on” ([3:10](../03/10.md); [3:12](../03/12.md)). Just as the Colossians should “take off” the desire to pursue vices, they should “put on” the desire to pursue virtues. These metaphors are all intended to help the Colossians pursue virtue instead of vice.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Vice and virtue lists\n\nIn [3:5](../03/05.md) and [3:8](../03/08.md), Paul gives lists of vices. These lists are not meant to provide a complete catalog of immoral and evil behaviors. Instead, they provide some examples that are meant to show the Colossians the kinds of behaviors that Paul has in mind. In [3:12](../03/12.md), he provides a corresponding list of virtues. The same thinking applies here: this is not a complete catalog of correct or good behavior but instead gives examples of the kinds of things that Paul wants the Colossians to do. You could introduce these lists as examples if it would help your readers understand.\n\n### The “household code”\n\nIn [3:18](../03/18.md)–[4:1](../04/01.md), Paul uses a form that was well-known in his culture. It is often called a “household code,” and it consists of a list of instructions to different members of the household, including parents, children, slaves, and others. Paul uses this form and gives his own specific instructions to members of the household. Of course, he is not addressing a household but a church. He gives his instructions to whomever in the audience was a parent or a child or a slave. # Colossians 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n[4:1](../04/01.md) belongs to the section that begins in [3:18](../03/18.md), even though it is in the next chapter.\n\n3. Exhortation Section\n * Seek the Things Above (3:1–4)\n * Take off Vices, Put on Virtues (3:5–17)\n * Commands for the Household (3:18–4:1)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Old and new “man”\n\nPaul refers to the old and new “man” in [3:9–10](../03/09.md). These terms refer to the person before (“old”) and after (“new”) dying and rising with Christ. With these key words, Paul makes a similar claim to what he argued in [2:11–13](../02/11.md): believers are not who they used to be; rather, they have received new life in Christ and are new people. Your translation should reflect the idea that Paul tells the Colossians that they are new people in their union with Christ.\n\n### The wrath of God\n\nIn [3:6](../03/06.md), Paul speaks of the “wrath of God,” which is “coming.” God’s “wrath” is not primarily an emotion, but rather, it is his act of judgment on those who do not believe and who disobey. It is “coming” because God will act in judgment soon. In your translation, emphasize God’s act over his emotion.\n\n### No Greek and Jew …\n\nIn [3:11](../03/11.md), Paul refers to multiple different ways to categorize people in his world. See the notes on that verse for details. Paul says that none of these categories exist in the “new man.” By this, he means that these categories are not relevant for those who have died and risen with Christ. It is one’s status as a “new” person that is relevant and important.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Christ, your life\n\nIn [3:4](../03/04.md), Paul identifies Christ as the Colossians’ “life.” This metaphor comes from the previous verse, where Paul says that the Colossians’ life is “hidden with Christ.” Since their life is in Christ, Christ can be called their life. To say this a different way, the Colossians only have life in Christ, so their life and Christ’s life are bound together.\n\n### Avoiding vices, pursuing virtues\n\nIn his exhortation to the Colossians to avoid vices and pursue virtues, Paul uses a number of metaphors. For avoiding vices, he uses the language of “putting to death” ([3:5](../03/05.md)), “laying aside” ([3:8](../03/08.md)), and “taking off” ([3:9](../03/09.md)). All these metaphors require separation from vices, whether that is pictured as putting to death parts of the body that pursue vices or as taking off evil desires as if they were clothing. For pursuing virtues, he opposes “taking off” with “putting on” ([3:10](../03/10.md); [3:12](../03/12.md)). Just as the Colossians should “take off” the desire to pursue vices, they should “put on” the desire to pursue virtues. These metaphors are all intended to help the Colossians pursue virtue instead of vice.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Vice and virtue lists\n\nIn [3:5](../03/05.md) and [3:8](../03/08.md), Paul gives lists of vices. These lists are not meant to provide a complete catalog of immoral and evil behaviors. Instead, they provide some examples that are meant to show the Colossians the kinds of behaviors that Paul has in mind. In [3:12](../03/12.md), he provides a corresponding list of virtues. The same thinking applies here: this is not a complete catalog of correct or good behavior but instead gives examples of the kinds of things that Paul wants the Colossians to do. You could introduce these lists as examples if it would help your readers understand.\n\n### The “household code”\n\nIn [3:18](../03/18.md)–[4:1](../04/01.md), Paul uses a form that was well-known in his culture. It is often called a “household code,” and it consists of a list of instructions to different members of the household, including parents, children, slaves, and others. Paul uses this form and gives his own specific instructions to members of the household. Of course, he is not addressing a household but a church. He gives his instructions to whomever in the audience was a parent or a child or a slave.
306 3:1 r5yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases οὖν 1 The word **therefore** introduces an exhortation based on what Paul has already said about being “raised with Christ” in [2:12](../02/12.md). Use a word or phrase that introduces an inference or concluding command based on what has already been said. Alternate translation: “then” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
307 3:1 oav8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact εἰ & συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 Paul is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since … you were raised with Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
308 3:1 t1jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 Paul again states that believers have been raised from the dead with Christ. By this, he means that believers are united to Christ in his resurrection and thus receive new life. If this figure of speech would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate this idea plainly. Alternate translation: “in union with the Messiah in his resurrection you received new life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ front:intro b4pp 0 # Introduction to Exodus\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
12:48 f9ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives וְ⁠כָל־עָרֵ֖ל לֹֽא־יֹ֥אכַל בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 If this double negative would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “And only a circumcised person may eat it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) 12:48 f9ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives וְ⁠כָל־עָרֵ֖ל לֹֽא־יֹ֥אכַל בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 If this double negative would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “And only a circumcised person may eat it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
12:51 e3z3 וַ⁠יְהִ֕י בְּ⁠עֶ֖צֶם הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה 1 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 12:51 e3z3 וַ⁠יְהִ֕י בְּ⁠עֶ֖צֶם הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה 1 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
12:51 tyj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown צִבְאֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 The term **hosts** refers to a large group of people often organized into groups for war. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:26](../06/26.md). Alternate translation: “your groups” or “your divisions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 12:51 tyj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown צִבְאֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 The term **hosts** refers to a large group of people often organized into groups for war. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:26](../06/26.md). Alternate translation: “your groups” or “your divisions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
13:intro g9qi 0 # Exodus 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n1. Instruction\n - v. 12: First mention of setting apart the firstborn \n - v. 310: Reiteration of the Passover instructions from [12:1420](../12/14.md) and [2427](../12/24.md), with a focus on telling to Yahwehs deeds to the future generations of Israelites \n - v. 1113: More details on setting apart the firstborn \n - v. 1416: Reiteration of purpose: telling to future generations\n2. Narrative \n - v. 1722: Some details of the exodus\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n* There are several concepts that will be important to understand and translate with care (some have already been encountered in Exodus). They are: set apart, sign, symbol, redemption, and sacrifice.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n* There are a number of names of people groups and places in this chapter. However, many have been translated in earlier passages.\n* Transporting the bones of Joseph may be an unknown concept in some places.\n* It may take some time to decide on a good translation for the pillars of fire and cloud that lead the Israelites. 13:intro g9qi 0 # Exodus 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n1. Instruction\n - v. 12: First mention of setting apart the firstborn\n - v. 310: Reiteration of the Passover instructions from [12:1420](../12/14.md) and [2427](../12/24.md), with a focus on telling to Yahwehs deeds to the future generations of Israelites\n - v. 1113: More details on setting apart the firstborn\n - v. 1416: Reiteration of purpose: telling to future generations\n2. Narrative\n - v. 1722: Some details of the exodus\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n* There are several concepts that will be important to understand and translate with care (some have already been encountered in Exodus). They are: set apart, sign, symbol, redemption, and sacrifice.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n* There are a number of names of people groups and places in this chapter. However, many have been translated in earlier passages.\n* Transporting the bones of Joseph may be an unknown concept in some places.\n* It may take some time to decide on a good translation for the pillars of fire and cloud that lead the Israelites.
13:2 de3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks קַדֶּשׁ־לִ֨⁠י כָל־בְּכ֜וֹר פֶּ֤טֶר כָּל־רֶ֨חֶם֙ בִּ⁠בְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ⁠אָדָ֖ם וּ⁠בַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֑ה לִ֖⁠י הֽוּא 1 This entire verse is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. There may be other quotations in this chapter; they will be marked by the same punctuation, but they will not have their own notes unless there is something unique about them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) 13:2 de3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks קַדֶּשׁ־לִ֨⁠י כָל־בְּכ֜וֹר פֶּ֤טֶר כָּל־רֶ֨חֶם֙ בִּ⁠בְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ⁠אָדָ֖ם וּ⁠בַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֑ה לִ֖⁠י הֽוּא 1 This entire verse is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. There may be other quotations in this chapter; they will be marked by the same punctuation, but they will not have their own notes unless there is something unique about them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
13:3 en1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים 1 Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. If your readers would not understand what this image means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:3 en1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים 1 Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. If your readers would not understand what this image means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:3 yjy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠חֹ֣זֶק יָ֔ד 1 Here, **hand** refers to power. See how you translated “strong hand” in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 13:3 yjy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠חֹ֣זֶק יָ֔ד 1 Here, **hand** refers to power. See how you translated “strong hand” in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

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@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ front:intro i6u9 0 # Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
1:23 lo0r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὴν πίστιν 1 Here, **the faith** refers to the good news about Jesus, which includes the need to have faith in Jesus to be saved. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the good news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1:23 lo0r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὴν πίστιν 1 Here, **the faith** refers to the good news about Jesus, which includes the need to have faith in Jesus to be saved. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the good news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:23 y5ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπόρθει 1 Here, the word **destroying** refers to trying to stop the spread of the Christian message. If it would help your readers, you could express that explicitly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1:23 y5ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπόρθει 1 Here, the word **destroying** refers to trying to stop the spread of the Christian message. If it would help your readers, you could express that explicitly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:24 qp4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἐν ἐμοὶ 1 Here, the phrase **in me** means “because of me” and is giving the reason why the Judean believers were praising God, namely because of Pauls conversion and work of proclaiming the gospel. If it would help your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “because of me” or "because of what God was doing with me" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) 1:24 qp4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἐν ἐμοὶ 1 Here, the phrase **in me** means “because of me” and is giving the reason why the Judean believers were praising God, namely because of Pauls conversion and work of proclaiming the gospel. If it would help your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “because of me” or "because of what God was doing with me" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
2:intro xe28 0 # Galatians 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nPaul continues to defend the true gospel. This defense began in [Galatians 1:11](../../gal/01/11.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Freedom and slavery\n\nThroughout this letter, Paul contrasts freedom and slavery. Paul describes trying to follow the law of Moses as a type of slavery. The Christian is free in Christ from being under the authority of the law of Moses and from the condemnation that the law of Moses brings. The Christian, through union with Christ in his death and resurrection, had by believing in Christ, is set free from the penalty and power of sin. The Christian is empowered by the Spirit to live a life of spiritual freedom and obedience to God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### “I do not negate the grace of God”\n\nPaul teaches that if a Christian attempts to follow the law of Moses to obtain righteousness, that person does not understand the grace which God has shown to them through the work of Christ. This is a fundamental error. Paul uses the words “I do not negate the grace of God” as a type of hypothetical situation. The purpose of this statement could be seen as, “If you could be saved by following the law, then it would negate the grace of God.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])\n\n\n### “the law” \n\nThe phrase “the law” contains a singular noun that refers to a group of laws that God gave Israel by dictating them to Moses. This phrase occurs in chapters 2-5, and quite frequently in chapters 2 and 3. Every time this phrase occurs in Galatians, it refers to the group of laws that God dictated to Moses at Mount Sinai. You should translate this phrase the same way each time it occurs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]]) 2:intro xe28 0 # Galatians 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nPaul continues to defend the true gospel. This defense began in [Galatians 1:11](../../gal/01/11.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Freedom and slavery\n\nThroughout this letter, Paul contrasts freedom and slavery. Paul describes trying to follow the law of Moses as a type of slavery. The Christian is free in Christ from being under the authority of the law of Moses and from the condemnation that the law of Moses brings. The Christian, through union with Christ in his death and resurrection, had by believing in Christ, is set free from the penalty and power of sin. The Christian is empowered by the Spirit to live a life of spiritual freedom and obedience to God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### “I do not negate the grace of God”\n\nPaul teaches that if a Christian attempts to follow the law of Moses to obtain righteousness, that person does not understand the grace which God has shown to them through the work of Christ. This is a fundamental error. Paul uses the words “I do not negate the grace of God” as a type of hypothetical situation. The purpose of this statement could be seen as, “If you could be saved by following the law, then it would negate the grace of God.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])\n\n\n### “the law”\n\nThe phrase “the law” contains a singular noun that refers to a group of laws that God gave Israel by dictating them to Moses. This phrase occurs in chapters 2-5, and quite frequently in chapters 2 and 3. Every time this phrase occurs in Galatians, it refers to the group of laws that God dictated to Moses at Mount Sinai. You should translate this phrase the same way each time it occurs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
2:1 mtgj rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential ἔπειτα 1 The word **Then** indicates that the events Paul will now relate came after the events just described. See how you translated the word **Then** in [1:18](../01/18.md) where it is used with the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) 2:1 mtgj rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential ἔπειτα 1 The word **Then** indicates that the events Paul will now relate came after the events just described. See how you translated the word **Then** in [1:18](../01/18.md) where it is used with the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
2:1 zt61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀνέβην εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “I went up to Jerusalem” in [1:18](../01/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) 2:1 zt61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀνέβην εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “I went up to Jerusalem” in [1:18](../01/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2:1 zth5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀνέβην 1 Your language may say “came” rather than **went** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “I came up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) 2:1 zth5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀνέβην 1 Your language may say “came” rather than **went** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “I came up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ front:intro i6u9 0 # Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
2:21 dv5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns διὰ νόμου 1 The phrase **through the law** is equivalent in meaning to the phrase "by works of the law" in [2:16](../02/16.md). See how you translated the phrase “by works of the law” in [2:16](../02/16.md) where it occurs twice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]]) 2:21 dv5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns διὰ νόμου 1 The phrase **through the law** is equivalent in meaning to the phrase "by works of the law" in [2:16](../02/16.md). See how you translated the phrase “by works of the law” in [2:16](../02/16.md) where it occurs twice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
2:21 dfx0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns νόμου 1 See how you translated the phrase **the law** in [2:16](../02/016.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]]) 2:21 dfx0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns νόμου 1 See how you translated the phrase **the law** in [2:16](../02/016.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
2:21 rku5 ἄρα Χριστὸς δωρεὰν ἀπέθανεν 1 Alternate translation: “then Christ would have accomplished nothing by dying” or “then it was pointless for Christ to die” 2:21 rku5 ἄρα Χριστὸς δωρεὰν ἀπέθανεν 1 Alternate translation: “then Christ would have accomplished nothing by dying” or “then it was pointless for Christ to die”
3:intro xd92 0 # Galatians 3 General Notes\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Equality in Christ\n\nAll Christians are equally united to Christ. Ancestry, gender, and status do not matter. All are equal with each other. All are equal in the eyes of God.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical Questions\n\nPaul uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to convince the Galatians of their wrong thinking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### “Those of faith are children of Abraham”\nBible scholars are divided on what this means. Some believe Christians inherit the promises that God gave to Abraham, so Christians replace the physical descendants of Israel. Others believe Christians spiritually follow Abraham, but they do not inherit all of the promises that God gave to Abraham. In light of Pauls other teachings and the context here, Paul is probably writing about the Jewish and Gentile Christians sharing the same faith as Abraham did. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n\n### “the law” \n\nThe phrase “the law” is a singular noun that refers to a group of laws that God gave Israel by dictating them to Moses. This phrase occurs in chapters 2-5, and quite frequently in chapters two and three. Every time this phrase occurs in Galatians it refers to the group of laws that God dictated to Moses at Mount Sinai. You should translate this phrase the same way each time it occurs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]]) 3:intro xd92 0 # Galatians 3 General Notes\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Equality in Christ\n\nAll Christians are equally united to Christ. Ancestry, gender, and status do not matter. All are equal with each other. All are equal in the eyes of God.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical Questions\n\nPaul uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to convince the Galatians of their wrong thinking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### “Those of faith are children of Abraham”\nBible scholars are divided on what this means. Some believe Christians inherit the promises that God gave to Abraham, so Christians replace the physical descendants of Israel. Others believe Christians spiritually follow Abraham, but they do not inherit all of the promises that God gave to Abraham. In light of Pauls other teachings and the context here, Paul is probably writing about the Jewish and Gentile Christians sharing the same faith as Abraham did. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n\n### “the law”\n\nThe phrase “the law” is a singular noun that refers to a group of laws that God gave Israel by dictating them to Moses. This phrase occurs in chapters 2-5, and quite frequently in chapters two and three. Every time this phrase occurs in Galatians it refers to the group of laws that God dictated to Moses at Mount Sinai. You should translate this phrase the same way each time it occurs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
3:1 u6lo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ὦ 1 **O** is an exclamation word. Use an exclamation that would be natural to use in this context. Alternate translation: “Oh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) 3:1 u6lo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ὦ 1 **O** is an exclamation word. Use an exclamation that would be natural to use in this context. Alternate translation: “Oh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
3:1 xvji ἀνόητοι Γαλάται 1 Alternate translation: “you Galatians are without understanding” or “you Galatians who are without understanding” 3:1 xvji ἀνόητοι Γαλάται 1 Alternate translation: “you Galatians are without understanding” or “you Galatians who are without understanding”
3:1 p7uw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τίς ὑμᾶς ἐβάσκανεν 1 Paul is not asking for information, but is using the question form to rebuke the Galatian believers. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 3:1 p7uw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τίς ὑμᾶς ἐβάσκανεν 1 Paul is not asking for information, but is using the question form to rebuke the Galatian believers. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ front:intro i6u9 0 # Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
3:29 qp4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor κληρονόμοι 1 Paul speaks of believers, who are the spiritual descendants **of Abraham**, as if they were **heirs** who were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:29 qp4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor κληρονόμοι 1 Paul speaks of believers, who are the spiritual descendants **of Abraham**, as if they were **heirs** who were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:29 au7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν κληρονόμοι 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly what the **heirs** will inherit. Alternate translation: “heirs of what God promised to Abraham and his descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 3:29 au7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν κληρονόμοι 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly what the **heirs** will inherit. Alternate translation: “heirs of what God promised to Abraham and his descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:29 zxr0 κατ’ 1 Alternate translation: “by way of” 3:29 zxr0 κατ’ 1 Alternate translation: “by way of”
4:intro h6gw 0 # Galatians 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 27, which is quoted from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Sonship\n\nSonship is a complex issue. Scholars have many views on Israels sonship. Paul uses sonship to teach how being under the law differs from being free in Christ. Not all of Abrahams physical descendants inherited Gods promises to him. Only his descendants through Isaac and Jacob inherited the promises. And God only adopts into his family those who follow Abraham spiritually through faith. They are children of God with an inheritance. Paul calls them children of promise. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Abba, Father\n\n“Abba” is an Aramaic word. In ancient Israel, people used it to informally refer to their fathers. Paul transliterates its sounds by writing them with Greek letters. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n\n### the law \n\nThe phrase “the law” is a singular noun that refers to a group of laws that God gave Israel by dictating them to Moses. This phrase occurs in chapters 2-5. Every time this phrase occurs in Galatians, it refers to the group of laws that God dictated to Moses at Mount Sinai. You should translate this phrase the same way each time it occurs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]]) 4:intro h6gw 0 # Galatians 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 27, which is quoted from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Sonship\n\nSonship is a complex issue. Scholars have many views on Israels sonship. Paul uses sonship to teach how being under the law differs from being free in Christ. Not all of Abrahams physical descendants inherited Gods promises to him. Only his descendants through Isaac and Jacob inherited the promises. And God only adopts into his family those who follow Abraham spiritually through faith. They are children of God with an inheritance. Paul calls them children of promise. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Abba, Father\n\n“Abba” is an Aramaic word. In ancient Israel, people used it to informally refer to their fathers. Paul transliterates its sounds by writing them with Greek letters. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n\n### the law\n\nThe phrase “the law” is a singular noun that refers to a group of laws that God gave Israel by dictating them to Moses. This phrase occurs in chapters 2-5. Every time this phrase occurs in Galatians, it refers to the group of laws that God dictated to Moses at Mount Sinai. You should translate this phrase the same way each time it occurs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
4:1 vlu6 κύριος πάντων ὤν 1 Alternate translation: “though being master of all things” or “even though he is master of all things” 4:1 vlu6 κύριος πάντων ὤν 1 Alternate translation: “though being master of all things” or “even though he is master of all things”
4:2 eyfx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Here, the word **But** is introducing a contrast and indicating that what follows is in contrast to what came before it. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “Rather,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) 4:2 eyfx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Here, the word **But** is introducing a contrast and indicating that what follows is in contrast to what came before it. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “Rather,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
4:2 jtpo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐστὶ 1 Here, the word **he** refers to the heir mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the heir is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 4:2 jtpo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐστὶ 1 Here, the word **he** refers to the heir mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the heir is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ front:intro i6u9 0 # Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
4:31 iz3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τέκνα 1 Paul speaks of spiritual descendants as if they were **children**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the word **children** in [4:28](../04/28.md) where it is also used to mean “spiritual descendants.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:31 iz3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τέκνα 1 Paul speaks of spiritual descendants as if they were **children**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the word **children** in [4:28](../04/28.md) where it is also used to mean “spiritual descendants.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:31 al42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor παιδίσκης & ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐλευθέρας 1 Paul is using the phrase **slave girl** to refer to Hagar, who symbolizes the law of Moses (which brings spiritual bondage), and he is using Sarah, **the free woman**, to symbolize Gods promise that he made to Abraham. If your readers would not understand this you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “of the law of Moses, but of the promises that God made to Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:31 al42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor παιδίσκης & ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐλευθέρας 1 Paul is using the phrase **slave girl** to refer to Hagar, who symbolizes the law of Moses (which brings spiritual bondage), and he is using Sarah, **the free woman**, to symbolize Gods promise that he made to Abraham. If your readers would not understand this you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “of the law of Moses, but of the promises that God made to Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:31 ily3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Here, the word **but** is introducing a contrast. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation (as a new sentence): "Instead, we are children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) 4:31 ily3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Here, the word **but** is introducing a contrast. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation (as a new sentence): "Instead, we are children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
5:intro bcg3 0 # Galatians 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nPaul continues writing about the law of Moses as something that traps or enslaves a person. In this chapter Paul declares repeatedly that Christ has freed believers from being obligated to obey the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Fruit of the Spirit\n\nThe phrase “the fruit of the Spirit” is not plural, even though it begins a list of several things. The word “fruit” is singular and refers to the nine qualities listed in [5:2223](../05/22.md) to show that they are a united cluster of qualities that are manifested in each believer. Translators should keep the singular form for “fruit” if possible. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]])\n\n\n### the law \n\nThe phrase “the law” is a singular noun that refers to a group of laws that God gave Israel by dictating them to Moses. This phrase occurs in chapters 2-5. Every time this phrase occurs in Galatians it refers to the group of laws that God dictated to Moses at Mount Sinai. You should translate this phrase the same way each time it occurs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]]) 5:intro bcg3 0 # Galatians 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nPaul continues writing about the law of Moses as something that traps or enslaves a person. In this chapter Paul declares repeatedly that Christ has freed believers from being obligated to obey the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Fruit of the Spirit\n\nThe phrase “the fruit of the Spirit” is not plural, even though it begins a list of several things. The word “fruit” is singular and refers to the nine qualities listed in [5:2223](../05/22.md) to show that they are a united cluster of qualities that are manifested in each believer. Translators should keep the singular form for “fruit” if possible. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]])\n\n\n### the law\n\nThe phrase “the law” is a singular noun that refers to a group of laws that God gave Israel by dictating them to Moses. This phrase occurs in chapters 2-5. Every time this phrase occurs in Galatians it refers to the group of laws that God dictated to Moses at Mount Sinai. You should translate this phrase the same way each time it occurs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
5:1 kuu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ, ἡμᾶς Χριστὸς ἠλευθέρωσεν 1 **For freedom Christ set us free** implies that Christ **set** believers **free** from being required to obey the laws God gave the Jews. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Christ has set us free from the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 5:1 kuu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ, ἡμᾶς Χριστὸς ἠλευθέρωσεν 1 **For freedom Christ set us free** implies that Christ **set** believers **free** from being required to obey the laws God gave the Jews. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Christ has set us free from the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:1 dt67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the purpose for which Christ freed believers. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose. Alternate translation: “For the purpose of freedom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) 5:1 dt67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the purpose for which Christ freed believers. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose. Alternate translation: “For the purpose of freedom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
5:1 hh1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ & δουλείας 1 See how you translated **freedom** in [2:4](../02/04.md) and **slavery** in [4:24](../04/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 5:1 hh1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ & δουλείας 1 See how you translated **freedom** in [2:4](../02/04.md) and **slavery** in [4:24](../04/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ front:intro rx9u 0 # Introduction to Psalms\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
2:2 ag3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ ׀ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ וְ⁠רוֹזְנִ֥ים נֽוֹסְדוּ־יָ֑חַד 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “The kings of the earth take their stand, indeed, the rulers conspire together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 2:2 ag3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ ׀ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ וְ⁠רוֹזְנִ֥ים נֽוֹסְדוּ־יָ֑חַד 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “The kings of the earth take their stand, indeed, the rulers conspire together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2:3 bvs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה אֶת־מֽוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑י⁠מוֹ וְ⁠נַשְׁלִ֖יכָה מִמֶּ֣⁠נּוּ עֲבֹתֵֽי⁠מוֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Let us tear apart their bonds, truly, let us cast their cords away from us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 2:3 bvs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה אֶת־מֽוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑י⁠מוֹ וְ⁠נַשְׁלִ֖יכָה מִמֶּ֣⁠נּוּ עֲבֹתֵֽי⁠מוֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Let us tear apart their bonds, truly, let us cast their cords away from us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2:3 xw9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה אֶת־מֽוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑י⁠מוֹ וְ⁠נַשְׁלִ֖יכָה מִמֶּ֣⁠נּוּ עֲבֹתֵֽי⁠מוֹ 1 The people of other nations speak of Yahweh and his anointed's rule over them as if it were **bonds**and **cords**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We should free ourselves from their control; we should not let them rule over us any longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2:3 xw9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה אֶת־מֽוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑י⁠מוֹ וְ⁠נַשְׁלִ֖יכָה מִמֶּ֣⁠נּוּ עֲבֹתֵֽי⁠מוֹ 1 The people of other nations speak of Yahweh and his anointed's rule over them as if it were **bonds**and **cords**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We should free ourselves from their control; we should not let them rule over us any longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:4 vz39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם יִשְׂחָ֑ק אֲ֝דֹנָ֗⁠י יִלְעַג־לָֽ⁠מוֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “He who sits in the heavens sneers; indeed, \nthe Lord mocks them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 2:4 vz39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם יִשְׂחָ֑ק אֲ֝דֹנָ֗⁠י יִלְעַג־לָֽ⁠מוֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “He who sits in the heavens sneers; indeed,\nthe Lord mocks them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2:4 t9zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יוֹשֵׁ֣ב 1 Here, **sitting** represents ruling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He who rules” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2:4 t9zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יוֹשֵׁ֣ב 1 Here, **sitting** represents ruling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He who rules” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:5 z631 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְ⁠אַפּ֑⁠וֹ וּֽ⁠בַ⁠חֲרוֹנ֥⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **anger** and **fury**, you could express the same ideas in another way. See the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2:5 z631 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְ⁠אַפּ֑⁠וֹ וּֽ⁠בַ⁠חֲרוֹנ֥⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **anger** and **fury**, you could express the same ideas in another way. See the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:6 ygss rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations 0 This verse is a quotation of Yahweh (who is mentioned before this verse as the Lord who is sitting in the heavens). If the speaker would be unclear, you may want to introduce him as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) 2:6 ygss rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations 0 This verse is a quotation of Yahweh (who is mentioned before this verse as the Lord who is sitting in the heavens). If the speaker would be unclear, you may want to introduce him as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])

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