Manually merged Grant's edits to Philippians (#2214)

Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2214
Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Co-committed-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>

en_tn_51-PHP.tsv

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 PHP	front	intro	pv9j			0		# Introduction to Philippians<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of the Philippians<br><br>1. Greeting, thanksgiving and prayer (1:1-11)<br>1. Paul’s report on his ministry (1:12-26)<br>1. Instructions<br>    - To be steadfast (1:27-30)<br>    - To be united (2:1-2)<br>    - To be humble (2:3-11)<br>    - To work out our salvation with God working in you (2:12-13)<br>    - To be innocent and light (2:14-18)<br>1. Timothy and Epaphroditus (2:19-30)<br>1. Warning about false teachers (3:1-4:1)<br>1. Personal instruction (4:2-5)<br>1. Rejoice and do not be anxious (4:4-6)<br>1. Final remarks<br>    - Values (4:8-9)<br>    - Contentment (4:10-20)<br>    - Final Greetings (4:21-23)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book Philippians?<br><br>Paul wrote Philippians. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul wrote this letter while in prison in Rome.<br><br>### What is the Book of Philippians about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to the believers in Philippi, a city in Macedonia. He wrote it to thank the Philippians for the gift they had sent him. He wanted to tell them about how he was doing in prison and to encourage them to rejoice even if they are suffering. He also wrote to them about a man named Epaphroditus. He was the one who brought the gift to Paul. While visiting Paul, Epaphroditus became ill. So, Paul decided to send him back to Philippi. Paul encouraged the believers in Philippi to welcome and to be kind to Epaphroditus when he returns.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Philippians.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Letter to the Church in Philippi,” or “A Letter to the Christians in Philippi.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the city of Philippi like?<br><br>Philip, the father of Alexander the Great, founded Philippi in the region of Macedonia. This meant that the citizens of Philippi were also considered citizens of Rome. The people of Philippi were proud of being citizens of Rome. But Paul told the believers that they are citizens of heaven (3:20).<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural “you”<br><br>In this book, the word “I” refers to Paul. The words “you” and “your” always refer to the believers in Philippi except for one time in 4:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### Who were the “enemies of the cross of Christ” (3:18) in this letter?<br><br>The “enemies of the cross of Christ” were probably people who called themselves believers, but they did not obey God’s commands. They thought that freedom in Christ meant that believers could do whatever they desired and God would not punish them (3:19).<br><br>### Why were the words “joy” and “rejoice” frequently used in this letter?<br><br>Paul was in prison when he wrote this letter (1:7). Even though he suffered, Paul said many times that he was joyful because God had been kind to him through Jesus Christ. He wanted to encourage his readers to have the same trust in Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>### What does Paul mean by the expression “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?<br><br>This kind of expression occurs in 1:1, 8, 13, 14, 26, 27; 2:1, 5, 19, 24, 29; 3:1, 3, 9, 14; 4:1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 19, 21. Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. See the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Philippians?<br><br>Some versions have “Amen” at the end of the final verse in the letter (4:23). The ULT, UST, and other many modern versions do not. If “Amen” is included, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of Philippians.<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
 PHP	1	intro	kd3g			0		# Philippians 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul includes a prayer in the beginning of this letter. At that time, religious leaders sometimes began informal letters with a prayer.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The day of Christ<br><br>This probably refers to the day when Christ returns. Paul often connected the return of Christ with motivating godly living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This statement in verse 21 is a paradox: “to die is gain.” In verse 23 Paul explains why this is true. ([Philippians 1:21](../../php/01/21.md))
 PHP	1	1	xk9z	translate-names	Παῦλος καὶ Τιμόθεος	1	Paul and Timothy	**Paul** and **Timothy** are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+PHP	1	1	bzfs		ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Paul and Timothy	Alternate translation: “in union with Christ Jesus” or see UST.
 PHP	1	2	uuep	translate-blessing	χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη	1	Grace to you and peace	This is a common greeting and blessing that Paul often uses in the beginning of his letters. Use a form in your language that makes it clear that this is a greeting and blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing]])
 PHP	1	2	pyji	figs-yousingular	ὑμῖν	1		Here, **you** refers to the the Philippian Christians and is plural in form in the original language that Paul wrote this letter in. In this letter, with one exception, the words “you” and “your” are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
 PHP	1	3	ntp5		ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ μνείᾳ ὑμῶν	1	in all my remembrance of you	Here, **in all my remembrance of you** could refer to: (1) Paul thanking God each time that he thought about the Philippian Christians. Alternate translation: “each time I think about you” (2) Paul thanking God for the good things that he remembered about the Christians in Philppi. Alternate translation: “because of all that I remember about you”
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ PHP	1	5	vi1r	figs-explicit	ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἄχρι
 PHP	1	6	s1l8	figs-explicit	πεποιθὼς αὐτὸ τοῦτο	1	having been persuaded	The phrase **having been persuaded** indicates the reason that Paul thanks God. If it would be clearer in your language you can state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The reason I thank God is because I am confident of this very thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	1	6	jf4x	figs-explicit	ὁ ἐναρξάμενος	1	the one having begun	Here, **the one** refers to God. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God having begun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	1	6	u80a	figs-explicit	ὅτι ὁ ἐναρξάμενος ἐν ὑμῖν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν	1		The phrase **good work in you** refers to both the initial conversion of the Philippian Christians and to God’s ongoing work in their lives through the Holy Spirit. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “that God, having begun his good work in you through your conversion and continuing it through the work of the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-PHP	1	6	qhmh	figs-explicit	 ὑμῖν	1		See how you translated the word **you** in [Philippians 1:2](../01/2.md).
+PHP	1	6	qhmh	figs-explicit	ὑμῖν	1		See how you translated the word **you** in [Philippians 1:2](../01/2.md).
 PHP	1	6	p2a5	figs-explicit	ἐπιτελέσει	1		Here, **will perfect it** means that God would bring to completion the work which he began in the lives of the Philippian Christians at their conversion and was currently doing. If it would be clearer in your language you can say that explicitly. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	1	6	p5pu	figs-explicit	ἡμέρας Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1		The phrase **the day of Jesus Christ** refers to the time in the future when Jesus Christ will return to judge the world and save those who believe in him. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the time when Jesus Christ returns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	1	7	sowf	figs-idiom	τὸ ἔχειν με ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμᾶς	1	I have you in my heart	The phrase, **I have you in my heart** is an idiom which expresses strong affection. If you have an equivalent expression which adequately communicates the meaning you may use it here or you may state this using plain language. Alternate translation: “I love you very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -21,16 +22,17 @@ PHP	1	7	jn2s		συνκοινωνούς μου τῆς χάριτος…ὄντα
 PHP	1	7	r3jp	figs-metonymy	ἔχειν με ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμᾶς	1		Paul is figuratively describing his thoughts and feelings of love by associating them with his **heart**. Here, the word **heart** is used figuratively to represent the center of Paul’s inner thoughts and feelings. Paul uses the phrase **I have you in my heart** to mean that he loves and cares for the Philippian Christians. If this would be confusing in your language you may use an equivalent expression from your language to express this or state this using plain language. Alternate translation: “I love you deeply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PHP	1	7	df00	figs-explicit	χάριτος	1		Here, Paul uses the word **grace** to refer both to His imprisonment and to his ministry of defending and confirming the gospel. If this would be unclear, consider saying this in a way that would make the meaning clear in your language. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	1	7	o7ef	figs-metonymy	δεσμοῖς μου	1		Paul refers to his imprisonment in Rome by using the phrase **my chains**. Paul was chained to a guard and the Philippian Christians would have understood that Paul was referring to his imprisonment when he used the phrase **my chains** because of the close association between **chains** and being in prison. If this association is not clear in your language you could use an equivalent expression or use plain language. Alternate translation: “my imprisonment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+PHP	1	7	wey7	figs-doublet	ἀπολογίᾳ καὶ βεβαιώσει	1		Here, the words **defense** and **confirmation** mean very similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize the idea of explaining to people why the good news about Jesus is true. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 PHP	1	7	dv6x		ἀπολογίᾳ	1		At the time Paul wrote this letter the word translated **defense** was often used with a legal meaning to refer to the defense given in a court of law against a charge that was made. Here, Paul uses the word **defense** to speak of his defending the truth of the gospel. If your language has a word or phrase which expresses the legal sense of this word, considering using it here.
 PHP	1	7	cp9o		βεβαιώσει	1		At the time Paul wrote this letter the word **confirmation** could be used with a legal meaning to refer to legally defending and confirming the truth of something. If your language has a word or phrase which expresses the legal sense of this word, considering using here.
-PHP	1	8	xun1	figs-idiom	ἐν σπλάγχνοις Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	in the bowels of Christ Jesus	The word **bowels** is a term which refers to body organs and particularly to the liver, lungs, and heart. Here, Paul uses **bowels** figuratively. The figurative use of **bowels** could refer to: (1) the center and source of emotion. Alternate translation: “with the heart of Christ Jesus” (2) emotion itself. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+PHP	1	8	xun1	figs-idiom	ἐν σπλάγχνοις Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	in the bowels of Christ Jesus	The word **bowels** is a term which refers to body organs and particularly to the liver, lungs, heart, and intestines. Here, Paul uses **bowels** figuratively. The phrase **in the bowels of Christ Jesus** could refer to: (1) Paul having the same kind of love for the Philippian Christians as Christ had for them. Alternate translation: “with the same love for you as Christ Jesus has for you” (2) Paul having the love that originates with Christ. Alternate translation: “with the love that comes from Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PHP	1	9	w910	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ἐπιγνώσει καὶ πάσῃ αἰσθήσει	1		The word **knowledge** is an abstract noun. If it would be clearer in your language you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **knowledge** with a verb such as “see”. Alternate translation: “and that God will enable you to see the truth about Him and teach you to love wisely” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PHP	1	9	f4q5		ὑμῶν	1		See how you translated the word **your** in [Philippians 1:5](../01/5.md).
 PHP	1	9	tbtt	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ἐπιγνώσει καὶ πάσῃ αἰσθήσει	1		The word **understanding** is an abstract noun. If it would be clearer in your language you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **understanding** by using a verb phrase such as “and teach you to love wisely.” Alternate translation: “and that God will enable you to see the truth about Him and teach you to love wisely” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PHP	1	10	e17g		εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς τὰ διαφέροντα	1		Alternate translation: “so that you may approve and choose what pleases God”
 PHP	1	10	ybw6	grammar-connect-logic-result	εἰς	1		Here, the phrase **so that** shows that what follows this phrase is the the reason for what Paul prays in verse nine and is the desired result of his prayer. Consider using a word or phrase that will clearly show that what follows the phrase **so that** is the reason for what Paul prays in verse nine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 PHP	1	10	s4ec		τὰ διαφέροντα	1	what excels	Alternate translation: “what is most pleasing to God”
-PHP	1	10	siv8	figs-doublet	εἰλικρινεῖς καὶ ἀπρόσκοποι	1	pure and blameless	The words **pure** and **blameless** have very similar meanings. Paul uses these two words together to emphasize the idea of moral purity. If it would be clearer in your language you could combine these two words and translate them as one idea. Alternate translation: “completely blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+PHP	1	10	siv8	figs-doublet	εἰλικρινεῖς καὶ ἀπρόσκοποι	1	pure and blameless	The words **pure** and **blameless** have very similar meanings. Paul uses these two words together to emphasize the idea of moral purity. If it would be clearer in your language you could combine these two words and translate them as one idea. Alternate translation: “completely blameless” or see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 PHP	1	11	lu5n	figs-metaphor	πεπληρωμένοι καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης τὸν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1		Here, the phrase **fruit of** is a metaphor which figuratively refers to what characterizes a person, namely what a person produces. The phrase **fruit of righteousness** is a comparison between a good tree which produces good fruit and a person who is filled with righteousness and produces good actions as a result. If this would be unclear in your language you could state this in plain language. Alternate translation:  “habitually doing the good works which Jesus Christ produces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PHP	1	11	t3w4	figs-activepassive	πεπληρωμένοι	1		The phrase **being filled with** is in the passive tense. If using a passive verb form would be confusing in your language you may translate this phrase using an active verb form. Alternate translation: “God has enabled you to produce” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PHP	1	12	tu2t	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a spiritual sense to include both men and women who believe in Jesus. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” or see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ PHP	1	14	a1kh		ἀδελφῶν	1		See how you translated **brothers** in the pr
 PHP	1	14	gy47	figs-explicit	πλείονας τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐν Κυρίῳ πεποιθότας τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου, περισσοτέρως τολμᾶν ἀφόβως τὸν λόγον λαλεῖν	1	fearlessly to speak the word	The phrase **most of the brothers have been encouraged in the Lord by my chains, to dare more fearlessly to speak the word** means that most of the Christians who became aware of Paul’s imprisonment were emboldened by it to share the gospel with more courage. If it would be clearer in your language consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “as a result of my imprisonment most of our fellow believers have been emboldened to share the gospel more boldly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	1	14	sz29	figs-explicit	ἐν Κυρίῳ πεποιθότας τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου	1		The phrase **encouraged in the Lord** means that the Philippian Christians had become more confident in Christ by Paul’s imprisonment. If this would be unclear in your language consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “as a result of my imprisonment, have increased confidence in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	1	14	ecy8		δεσμοῖς μου	1		See how you translated the phrase **my chains** in [1:7](../01/7.md) and [1:13](../01/13.md). 
-PHP	1	14	v2wo	figs-explicit]	τὸν λόγον	1		Here, **the word** refers to the gospel. If it would be clearer in your language, consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the gospel” or “the good news” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+PHP	1	14	v2wo	figs-explicit	τὸν λόγον	1		Here, **the word** refers to the gospel. If it would be clearer in your language, consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the gospel” or “the good news” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	1	15	vw1s		τινὲς μὲν καὶ…τὸν Χριστὸν κηρύσσουσιν	1	Some indeed even proclaim Christ	Alternate translation: “Some people are preaching the good news about Jesus”
 PHP	1	15	z9y9	figs-abstractnouns	διὰ φθόνον καὶ ἔριν	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract nouns **envy** and **strife** by using them in a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they are envious and seek their own evil purposes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PHP	1	15	yh1c	figs-abstractnouns	εὐδοκίαν	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **goodwill** by using it in a verbal phrase. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ PHP	1	23	hhjr	figs-euphemism	ἀναλῦσαι	1		Here, Paul is referring to hi
 PHP	1	24	etly	figs-explicit	τὸ δὲ ἐπιμένειν ἐν τῇ σαρκὶ	1		The phrase **remain in the flesh** means to remain alive in one’s body on earth. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “but to remain in the body” or “but to remain on this earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 PHP	1	24	k2j7	figs-ellipsis	ἀναγκαιότερον	1		In the phrase **is more necessary** Paul leaves out the implied words “than departing” because he knows that his readers will understand them from the context. If this would be unclear in your language, consider supplying these omitted words in your translation. Alternative translation: “is more necessary than departing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 PHP	1	24	o4fk	figs-synecdoche	σαρκὶ	1		See how you translated the phrase **flesh** in [1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PHP	1	24	hnl7		ὑμᾶς	1		 See how you translated the word **your** in [1:5](../01/5.md).
+PHP	1	24	hnl7		ὑμᾶς	1		See how you translated the word **your** in [1:5](../01/5.md).
 PHP	1	25	bu8d	figs-explicit	καὶ τοῦτο πεποιθὼς	1	having been persuaded of this	The word **this** refers back to [1:24](../01/24.md) where Paul said that he believed it was more necessary that he remain alive on earth so that he could continue helping the Philippian Christians mature in their faith. If this would be unclear in your language consider further explaining the word **this** in your translation. Alternate translation: “And being sure that it is better for you that I remain” or “And having been convinced that I should remain here, on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	1	25	kmp4	figs-extrainfo	μενῶ	1	I know that I will remain	Here, the word **remain** refers to remaining alive on earth in one’s body in contrast to dying and leaving the earth to be with Christ. Paul explained this in [1:23-24](../01/23-24.md) so it is not necessary to explain it here. See how you translated the word **remain** in [1:24](../01/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
 PHP	1	25	rruy	figs-yousingular	ὑμῖν	1		See how you translated the word **you** in [1:2](../01/2.md).
@@ -130,14 +132,14 @@ PHP	2	4	ob45		μὴ…σκοποῦντες	1		Alternate translation: “not thi
 PHP	2	4	l3q0	figs-pronouns	ἑαυτῶν	1		Here, the reflexive pronoun **themselves** is plural in form. If your language has a plural form for this pronoun, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “of yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
 PHP	2	4	qmzl	figs-rpronouns	ἑαυτῶν	1		Here, the reflexive pronoun **themselves** refers back to **each one**. Alternate translation: “of yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
 PHP	2	5	pqdc		τοῦτο φρονεῖτε ἐν ὑμῖν, ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1		Alternate translation: “Have the same attitude that Christ Jesus had”
-PHP	2	5	rh98	figs-abstractnouns	τοῦτο φρονεῖτε ἐν ὑμῖν, ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Have this attitude in you which also was in Christ Jesus	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **attitude** with a verb such as “think.” Alternate translation: “Think about one another the way Christ Jesus thought of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PHP	2	5	rh98	figs-abstractnouns	τοῦτο φρονεῖτε ἐν ὑμῖν, ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Have this attitude in you which also was in Christ Jesus	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **attitude** with a verb such as “think.” Alternate translation: “Think about one another the way Christ Jesus thought of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PHP	2	5	tdb2	figs-yousingular	ὑμῖν	1		See how you translated **you** in the previous verses. In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md).  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
 PHP	2	5	kwoe		τοῦτο φρονεῖτε	1		This is a command to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. Alternate translation: “Everyone of you have this attitude” 
 PHP	2	5	acmu	figs-explicit	ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1		Here, the phrase **attitude…in Christ Jesus** means the attitude and disposition which existed in Christ Jesus and therefore characterized his behavior. The phrase **this attitude…which also was in Christ Jesus** therefore refers to the attitude or way of thinking that belonged to Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “which also belonged to Christ Jesus” or “which Christ Jesus also had” or “which Christ Jesus also displayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	2	6	hs4q		ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων	1	existing in the form of God	Alternate translation: “though everything that is true of God was true of him”
 PHP	2	6	xo2l		ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων	1		The phrase **existing in the form of God** means that Jesus had the very nature of God. It does not mean that Jesus only appeared to be God but was not. This phrase is saying that Jesus was fully God. The rest of this verse, and the next two verses, explain that Jesus, while being fully God, humbled himself and acted as a servant in obedience to God. Avoid any translation that would suggest that Jesus was not fully God. Alternate translation: “being fully God”
-PHP	2	6	els2		ἁρπαγμὸν	1	did not consider being equal with God something to be grasped	Alternate translation: “something to be held onto” or “something to be retained”
-PHP	2	6	kd1l		οὐχ…ἡγήσατο	1		Alternate translation: “did not think” or “did not regard”
+PHP	2	6	els2		ἁρπαγμὸν	1	did not consider being equal with God something to be grasped	Alternate translation: “something to be held onto” or “something to be retained”
+PHP	2	6	kd1l		οὐχ…ἡγήσατο	1		Alternate translation: “did not think” or “did not regard”
 PHP	2	7	x5rt	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1		The word **Instead** introduces a contrast between the preceding clause in [2:6](../02/6.md) and what is expressed about Jesus in this verse and the next two verses. The contrast is made between the choice of hanging onto divine rights and privileges or choosing to surrender them. The rest of this verse, as well as the following two verses, explain how Jesus gave up many of his divine rights and privileges to act as a servant. Alternate translation: “On the contrary” or “Rather” of “But” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 PHP	2	7	kvjd	writing-pronouns	ἀλλὰ ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν	1		Here, the pronoun **he** refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “Instead, Jesus emptied himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 PHP	2	7	c64i	figs-rpronouns	ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν	1		Here, the reflexive pronoun **himself** refers to Jesus and is used to emphasize the fact that Jesus freely and intentionally chose to empty himself of divine rights and privileges. Consider the best way, in your language, to express the emphatic element of this pronoun. Alternate translation: “he willingly set aside divine privileges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
@@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ PHP	2	8	ttys	figs-rpronouns	ἑαυτὸν	1		The word **himself** is a reflexiv
 PHP	2	8	r5f0	figs-abstractnouns	γενόμενος ὑπήκοος μέχρι θανάτου	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **obey** with a verb such as “obeying”. Alternate translation: “having obeyed to the point of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PHP	2	8	hi57	figs-abstractnouns	θανάτου δὲ σταυροῦ	1	even death on a cross	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **death** with a verb such as “dying”. Alternate translation: “even to dying on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PHP	2	8	flk2		θανάτου δὲ σταυροῦ	1		The word **even** combined with the repetition of the word **death** emphasize that dying on a cross was considered extremely humiliating. Paul’s readers would have been familiar with crucifixion and understood that it was very humiliating. This phrase emphasizes that Jesus’ death on the cross showed the great extent of his humility and obedience. Think about the best way, in your language, to show the emphatic nature of this phrase. Alternate translation: “even to death on a cross” or “even as so far as dying on a cross” or “even to the extent of dying on a cross”  
-PHP	2	9	f3ek	grammar-connect-logic-result	διὸ	1		The word **Therefore** introduces the result of Jesus humbling himself. How Jesus humbled himself is described in [2:6-8](../2/6-8.md). What follows the word **Therefore** is the result of what Jesus did in [2:6-8](../2/6-8.md). The word **Therefore** shows the reason and result relationship between what comes before this word and what follows it. Choose the best way in your language to express the reason and result relationship expressed by the word **Therefore**. Alternate translation: “Because of this” or “Because Jesus acted this way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+PHP	2	9	f3ek	grammar-connect-logic-result	διὸ	1		The word **Therefore** introduces the result of Jesus humbling himself. How Jesus humbled himself is described in [2:6-8](../2/6-8.md). What follows the word **Therefore** is the result of what Jesus did in [2:6-8](../2/6-8.md). The word **Therefore** shows the reason and result relationship between what comes before this word and what follows it. Choose the best way in your language to express the reason and result relationship expressed by the word **Therefore**. Alternate translation: “Because of this” or “Because Jesus acted this way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 PHP	2	9	wmvd		αὐτὸν ὑπερύψωσεν	1		Alternate translation: “greatly honored him”
 PHP	2	9	qsy9		καὶ ἐχαρίσατο αὐτῷ τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα	1	above every name	Alternate translation: “and gave him the position that was higher than any other position” 
 PHP	2	9	mvb7	figs-metonymy	τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα	1	the name that is above every name	Here, **name** is a metonym that refers to status or position. Alternate translation: “the position that is above every other position” or “the rank that is above every other rank”  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ PHP	2	10	ec1a		ὀνόματι	1		See how you translated **name** in [2:9](../02
 PHP	2	10	xn7a		ἐπουρανίων καὶ ἐπιγείων καὶ καταχθονίων	1		The phrase **in heaven and on earth and under the earth** literally means “of heavenly things and of earthly things and of things under the earth” or “of heavenly beings and of earthly beings and of beings under the earth”. This phrase refers to all beings, including human beings and angels. This phrase emphasizes that all beings everywhere will bow in reverence to Jesus. Alternate translation: “every being in heaven, and on earth, and under the earth”
 PHP	2	11	xy4f	figs-metonymy	πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσηται	1	every tongue	Here, Paul uses the word **tongue** figuratively to represent the mouth and what comes out of the mouth. Paul is figuratively describing what is said by associating it with the the tongue. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “every mouth will declare” or “every being will say” or “everyone will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
 PHP	2	11	mr2i	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ Πατρὸς	1	to the glory of God the Father	Here, the word **to** expresses result. Alternate translation: “with the result that God the Father will be honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
-PHP	2	12	jnp3	grammar-connect-words-phrases	ὥστε	0	Connecting Statement:	The phrase **So then** shows that [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md) is logically connected to [2:12-18](../2/12-18.md). The phrase **So then** introduces this section [2:12-18](../2/12-18.md) in which Paul gives practical directions regarding how the Philippian Christians should apply what Paul wrote about in [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md). The phrase **So then** shows that what follows it is the desired result of what precedes it in [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md). Consider the best word or phrase, in your language, to express the meaning of this phrase. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+PHP	2	12	jnp3	grammar-connect-words-phrases	ὥστε	0	Connecting Statement:	The phrase **So then** shows that [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md) is logically connected to [2:12-18](../2/12-18.md). The phrase **So then** introduces this section [2:12-18](../2/12-18.md) in which Paul gives practical directions regarding how the Philippian Christians should apply what Paul wrote about in [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md). The phrase **So then** shows that what follows it is the desired result of what precedes it in [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md). Consider the best word or phrase, in your language, to express the meaning of this phrase. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 PHP	2	12	e359		ἀγαπητοί μου	1	my beloved	Here, the word **beloved** refers to the Christians in Philippi. Paul uses this word to express how much he loves the Christians in Philippi. Consider the using an equivalent phrase in your language that would express love and affection. Alternate translation: “my dear fellow believers”
 PHP	2	12	c1ix		ὡς ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ μου	1	in my presence	“when I am there with you”
 PHP	2	12	u5ng		ἐν τῇ ἀπουσίᾳ μου	1	in my absence	“when I am not there with you”
@@ -189,7 +191,7 @@ PHP	2	16	nmix	figs-metonymy	λόγον	1		Here, the phrase **the word** means
 PHP	2	16	i448	figs-explicit	λόγον ζωῆς	1		The phrase **the word of life** could mean: (1) the word that gives people life. Alternate translation: “the word that gives life” (2) the word that is about and gives life. Alternate translation: “the word that is about and gives life” (3) the word which contains life and has the ability to give people life. Alternate translation: “the word that contains and gives life”. If your language allows you to keep the phrase **the word of life** ambiguous this is the best option. If your language does not allow you to do this you may specify clearly how the phrase **of life** is related to **the word**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	2	16	fz1d	figs-activepassive	λόγον ζωῆς	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the abstract noun **life** by using it in a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the life giving word” or “the word which gives life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PHP	2	16	s3z9	grammar-connect-logic-result	εἰς καύχημα ἐμοὶ εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ, ὅτι οὐκ εἰς κενὸν ἔδραμον, οὐδὲ εἰς κενὸν ἐκοπίασα	1		With the phrase **for my boasting on the day of Christ** Paul introduces a reason that the Philippian believers should try to live out the things he has just told them to do in [2:12](../02/12.md) and ending with the phrase **holding forth the word of life**. Paul here gives one reason for what he has just asked them to do. He says that if they live out what he has just told them, then when Christ returns he he will be able to be proud of the fact that he did not work in vain among them. Consider the best way in your language to show this reason result relationship. Alternate translation: “so that I will be able to boast on the day Christ returns that I did not run in vain or labor in vain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
-PHP	2	16	esvd	figs-explicit	εἰς καύχημα ἐμοὶ	1		Here, **boasting** refers to Paul being rightfully proud of God’s work in the lives of the Philippian believers. If it would be clearer in your language consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so that I may be rightfully proud of God’s work in you” or “so that I might glory in God’s work in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+PHP	2	16	esvd	figs-explicit	εἰς καύχημα ἐμοὶ	1		Here, **boasting** refers to Paul being rightfully proud of God’s work in the lives of the Philippian believers. If it would be clearer in your language consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so that I may be rightfully proud of God’s work in you” or “so that I might glory in God’s work in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	2	16	heo4		εἰς καύχημα ἐμοὶ	1		Alternate translation: “so that I may boast” or “in order that I have good reason to glory”
 PHP	2	16	q7y8	figs-explicit	εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ,	1	on the day of Christ	The phrase **the day of Christ** refers to the time in the future when Christ will return. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “when Christ returns” or “at the time Christ returns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 
 PHP	2	16	m5aq	figs-parallelism	οὐκ εἰς κενὸν ἔδραμον, οὐδὲ εἰς κενὸν ἐκοπίασα	1	I did not run in vain nor labor in vain	The phrases **run in vain** and **labor in vain** have very similar meanings here. Paul uses these two phrases together to emphasize how hard he has worked to help people believe in Christ and mature in their obedience and love for him. You may translate theses two phrases separately, as the ULT does, or if it would be clearer in your language you may translate them together as a single phrase. Alternate translation: “I did not work so hard for nothing” or “I did not work hard with no lasting results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -197,12 +199,12 @@ PHP	2	16	m1z7	figs-metaphor	οὐκ εἰς κενὸν ἔδραμον	1	I did
 PHP	2	16	wyyg	figs-activepassive	εἰς κενὸν…εἰς κενὸν	2		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the abstract noun **vain** using an adjectival phrase. Alternate translation: “uselessly” or “with no results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PHP	2	16	btgu	figs-explicit	οὐδὲ εἰς κενὸν ἐκοπίασα	1		Here, Paul uses the word **labor** to refer to his spiritual work of sharing the gospel with the Philippian believers and working to help them grow in spiritual maturity. Paul assumes that his readers will know that he is referring to his spiritual work among them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “or work hard in trying to help you believe in Christ and obey him for nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	2	16	xwyy	figs-explicit	εἰς κενὸν ἐκοπίασα	1		Alternate translation: “work hard for nothing” or “work hard and see no results”
-PHP	2	17	p9km	 grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἀλλ’ εἰ καὶ	1		**But even if** connects the idea of running and laboring for the advance of the gospel, which Paul discussed in [2:16](../02/16.md), with what he says in the rest of this verse. Consider how to translate this phrase in your language in a way that shows this connection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+PHP	2	17	p9km	grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἀλλ’ εἰ καὶ	1		**But even if** connects the idea of running and laboring for the advance of the gospel, which Paul discussed in [2:16](../02/16.md), with what he says in the rest of this verse. Consider how to translate this phrase in your language in a way that shows this connection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 PHP	2	17	j2ov	translate-symaction	σπένδομαι ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ καὶ λειτουργίᾳ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν	1		The phrase **I am being poured out as an offering on the sacrifice** uses imagery from the Old Testament Jewish sacrificial system. A priest would sacrifice an animal on the altar as a burnt offering to God and then pour out wine as a drink offering to God. The priest poured wine on the sacrifice in order to make the sacrifice complete. See [Num 28:7](num 28:7). If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, consider using it here, but if this imagery would be confusing in your culture consider translating this imagery using plain language. Alternate translation: “I work and give my life for your sake in order to complete the sacrificial service of your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-PHP	2	17	xlv0	figs-metaphor	σπένδομαι 	1		Paul uses the phrase **I am being poured out as an offering** to figuratively depict his imprisonment and suffering to advance the gospel. Paul probably is also thinking of the fact that he could potentially be killed in the future for preaching the gospel. If this metaphor would not be clear in your language consider using plain language to express this idea. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+PHP	2	17	xlv0	figs-metaphor	σπένδομαι	1		Paul uses the phrase **I am being poured out as an offering** to figuratively depict his imprisonment and suffering to advance the gospel. Paul probably is also thinking of the fact that he could potentially be killed in the future for preaching the gospel. If this metaphor would not be clear in your language consider using plain language to express this idea. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PHP	2	17	ji4w	figs-abstractnouns	σπένδομαι	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the abstract noun **offering** by using a verbal form. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PHP	2	17	thi0	figs-activepassive	ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ καὶ λειτουργίᾳ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “on your sacrifice and service which you offer because you believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PHP	2	17	ip8i	figs-hendiadys 	ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ καὶ λειτουργίᾳ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν	1		The words **sacrifice** and **service** express a single idea by using two words connected by **and** which are governed by the word **the** in the original language Paul wrote this letter. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this meaning as a single idea or phrase. Alternate translation: “to complete your sacrificial service which you offer because you believe the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
+PHP	2	17	ip8i	figs-hendiadys	ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ καὶ λειτουργίᾳ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν	1		The words **sacrifice** and **service** express a single idea by using two words connected by **and** which are governed by the word **the** in the original language Paul wrote this letter. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this meaning as a single idea or phrase. Alternate translation: “to complete your sacrificial service which you offer because you believe the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
 PHP	2	17	otjn		χαίρω καὶ συνχαίρω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν	1		Alternate translation: “I gladly rejoice and I rejoice with you all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PHP	2	17	s1j9		χαίρω καὶ συνχαίρω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν	1		The phrase **I rejoice and rejoice with you all** is Paul’s summary of his attitude toward his hard work and suffering on behalf of the Philippians which he described in [2:16](../2/16.md) and in this verse.
 PHP	2	18	bicj	figs-explicit	τὸ…αὐτὸ	1		The phrase **in the same manner** refers to the Philippian Christians rejoicing in the same manner that Paul said he would rejoice in previous verse [2:17](../02/17.md). If this would be unclear in your language consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the same way that I rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -225,7 +227,7 @@ PHP	2	25	csw5	figs-metaphor	ἀδελφὸν…μου	1		Here, the phrase **my b
 PHP	2	25	c3ce	figs-metaphor	συνστρατιώτην	1	fellow worker and fellow soldier	Here, the phrase **fellow soldier** does not mean that Epaphroditus and Paul were actual soldiers in a military. What Paul means is that he and Epaphroditus were spiritual soldiers fighting together for God in the spiritual battle against Satan and evil. If this would be unclear in your language you could express this explicitly or modify the phrase **fellow soldier** to further explain what Paul means here. Alternate translation: “fellow believer who works and struggles along with us” or “fellow soldier of God” or “fellow warrior of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PHP	2	25	qsd6		ὑμῶν…ἀπόστολον καὶ λειτουργὸν τῆς χρείας μου	1	your messenger and minister for my needs	Alternate translation: “who brings your messages to me and helps me in my need”
 PHP	2	26	gxn9		ἐπιποθῶν ἦν πάντας ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἀδημονῶν	1	he is longing to be with you all and he is distressed	Alternate translation: “he has wanted to be with you all and is deeply concerned”
-PHP	2	26	wdvh		ἐπειδὴ ἐπιποθῶν ἦν πάντας ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἀδημονῶν διότι ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἠσθένησεν	1		In this verse all three uses of the pronoun **he** refer to Epaphroditus. If this would be unclear in your language consider clarifying this in your translation. Alternate translation: “seeing that Epaphroditus has been longing to be with you all and is distressed because you heard that he was sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+PHP	2	26	wdvh		ἐπειδὴ ἐπιποθῶν ἦν πάντας ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἀδημονῶν διότι ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἠσθένησεν	1		In this verse all three uses of the pronoun **he** refer to Epaphroditus. If this would be unclear in your language consider clarifying this in your translation. Alternate translation: “seeing that Epaphroditus has been longing to be with you all and is distressed because you heard that he was sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 PHP	2	27	d3ou		καὶ γὰρ ἠσθένησεν παραπλήσιον θανάτῳ, ἀλλὰ ὁ Θεὸς ἠλέησεν αὐτόν, οὐκ αὐτὸν δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐμέ, ἵνα μὴ λύπην ἐπὶ λύπην σχῶ	1		Here, the pronoun **he** refers to Epaphroditus as well as both uses of the pronoun **him**. If this would be unclear in your language consider clarifying this in your translation. Alternate translation: “For indeed Epaphroditus was sick nearly to death. But God had mercy on him, and not on him only, but also on me, so that I might not have sorrow upon sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 PHP	2	27	rl0m	figs-abstractnouns	ἠσθένησεν παραπλήσιον θανάτῳ	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **death** with an adjective such as “dying”. Alternate translation: “he was sick nearly to the point of dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PHP	2	27	n0zd	figs-abstractnouns	ἀλλὰ ὁ Θεὸς ἠλέησεν	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **mercy** with an adjective such as “merciful”. Alternate translation: “but God was merciful to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -234,13 +236,14 @@ PHP	2	27	dzgz		λύπην ἐπὶ λύπην	1		The expression **sorrow upon so
 PHP	2	28	kt1d	writing-pronouns	σπουδαιοτέρως οὖν ἔπεμψα αὐτὸν, ἵνα ἰδόντες αὐτὸν πάλιν, χαρῆτε κἀγὼ ἀλυπότερος ὦ	1		Here, both occurrences of the pronoun **him** refer to Epaphroditus. If this would be unclear in your language consider clarifying this in your translation. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I sent Epaphroditus all the more eagerly, so that, having seen him again, you might rejoice, and I might be free from pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 PHP	2	28	y5gc		κἀγὼ ἀλυπότερος ὦ	1	and I might be free from pain	Alternate translation: “and I might be less anxious” or “and I might be less concerned about you”
 PHP	2	29	y95x	figs-yousingular	προσδέχεσθε οὖν αὐτὸν	1	Therefore welcome him	The word **welcome** is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in the word **welcome** could be translated as “you welcome”. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this word. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to welcome” or “each of you welcome” or “all of you welcome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
-PHP	2	29	qx14	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν Κυρίῳ μετὰ πάσης χαρᾶς	1	in the Lord with all joy	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **joy** with an adverb such as “joyfully” as the UST does or you can use a verbal form of this word such as “rejoicing”. Alternate translation: “Therefore, welcome him in the Lord with rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PHP	2	29	qx14	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν Κυρίῳ μετὰ πάσης χαρᾶς	1	in the Lord with all joy	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **joy** with an adverb such as “joyfully” as the UST does or you can use a verbal form of this word such as “rejoicing”. Alternate translation: “Therefore, welcome him in the Lord with rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PHP	2	29	l59w		ἐντίμους ἔχετε	1		The phrase **hold in honor** is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in the phrase **hold in honor** could be translated as “you hold in honor”. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this phrase. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to hold in honor” or “each of you honor” or “all of you honor” 
 PHP	2	30	ns1y	writing-pronouns	ὅτι διὰ τὸ ἔργον Χριστοῦ μέχρι θανάτου ἤγγισεν, παραβολευσάμενος τῇ ψυχῇ, ἵνα ἀναπληρώσῃ τὸ ὑμῶν ὑστέρημα, τῆς πρός με λειτουργίας	1	he came near even to death	Here, the pronouns **he** and **him** refer to Epaphroditus. If this would be unclear in your language consider clarifying this in your translation. Alternate translation: “since for the sake of the work of Christ, Epaphroditus came near even to death, risking his life so that he might make up your lack of service to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 PHP	2	30	g98z		ἵνα ἀναπληρώσῃ τὸ ὑμῶν ὑστέρημα, τῆς πρός με λειτουργίας	1	he might make up your lack of service to me	The **lack of service** Paul speaks of here is the inability of the Philippian believers to be present with him in prison. By sending Epaphroditus to Paul, the Philippian believers ministered to his needs through Epaphroditus and so Epaphroditus supplied what they could not. Alternate translation: “so that he might supply what you could not give me” or “so that he might make up for what you could not give”
 PHP	3	intro	btx3			0		# Philippians 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In verses 4-8, Paul lists how he qualifies for being considered a righteous Jew. In every way, Paul was an exemplary Jew. But he contrasts this with the greatness of knowing Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Dogs<br><br>The people of the ancient Near East used dogs as an image to refer to people in a negative way. Not all cultures use the term “dogs” in this way.<br><br>### Resurrected Bodies<br><br>We know very little about what people will be like in heaven. Paul teaches here that Christians will have some kind of glorious body and will be free from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Prize<br><br>Paul uses an extended illustration to describe the Christian life. The goal of the Christian life is attempting to grow to be like Christ until a person dies. We can never achieve this goal perfectly, but we must strive for it.
 PHP	3	1	zu9l	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a spiritual sense to include both men and women who believe in Jesus. See how you translated this word in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) 
 PHP	3	1	ymm2	figs-yousingular	χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	rejoice in the Lord	The word **rejoice** is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the word **rejoice** could be translated as “you rejoice”. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this word. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to rejoice in the Lord” or “each of you rejoice in the Lord” or “all of you rejoice in the Lord” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular)
+PHP	3	1	b8y6		ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	rejoice in the Lord	Alternate translation: “in your relationship with the Lord” or “in who the Lord is and what he has done”
 PHP	3	1	qb78	figs-explicit	ὑμῖν δὲ ἀσφαλές	1	and is a safeguard for you	If it would be helpful in your language you can state explicitly how writing these things is a **safeguard** for the Philippians. Alternate translation: “because these teachings will protect you from those who teach what is false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	3	2	ttws		βλέπετε	1		All three times that the phrase **Beware of** occurs in this verse it is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this phrase. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to beware of” or “Each of you beware of”
 PHP	3	2	ny6y		βλέπετε	1	Beware	Alternate translation: “Watch out for” or “Look out for” or “Be on guard against”
@@ -253,11 +256,11 @@ PHP	3	2	vc2u	translate-unknown	τὴν κατατομήν	1		The word **mutilati
 PHP	3	2	x8r2	figs-metonymy	τὴν κατατομήν	1	the mutilation	Here, **the mutilation** refers to the Jewish teachers who were all circumcised and were corrupting the gospel by teaching that it was necessary to be circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PHP	3	3	y8yt	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς γάρ ἐσμεν	1	For we are	Here, Paul uses **we** to refer to himself and all true believers in Christ, including the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 PHP	3	3	xt5r		ἡ περιτομή	1	the circumcision	Here, the term **the circumcision** is used metonymously to refer to all true Christians. Here, Paul is using this term in contrast to its normal usage in the Bible. Normally the term **the circumcision** was used to refer to Jewish males since all Jewish males were circumcised at this time. Here, Paul intentionally uses this term in a way that would have been surprising to his readers. Here, Paul uses this term with a spiritual sense to refer to all Christians, both Jews and non-Jews. Paul uses the term **the circumcision** here, to refer to the inward, spiritual circumcision that the Holy Spirit performs in the hearts of all true Christians. Paul discusses this spiritual circumcision in [Romans 11:21–24](../11/21-24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 
-PHP	3	3	wn2n		 οἱ Πνεύματι Θεοῦ λατρεύοντες	1		Alternate translation: “the ones who are empowered by God’s Spirit to worship him” or “the ones who are enabled to worship God by his Spirit” or “the ones who worship God through his Spirit”
+PHP	3	3	wn2n		οἱ Πνεύματι Θεοῦ λατρεύοντες	1		Alternate translation: “the ones who are empowered by God’s Spirit to worship him” or “the ones who are enabled to worship God by his Spirit” or “the ones who worship God through his Spirit”
 PHP	3	3	k8ph	figs-ellipsis	οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες	1	having no confidence in the flesh	Here, the phrase **confidence in the flesh** is leaving out some implied words that would need to be supplied in some languages in order to make this idea complete. Paul is leaving out the words “works of the” in this phrase and means **having no confidence in the works of the flesh**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words which are implied from the context. Alternate translation: “having no confidence in the works of the flesh” or “not trusting that circumcision will please God” “not trusting that circumcision will earn God’s favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 PHP	3	3	nkrs		καυχώμενοι ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες	1		The phrase **boasting in Christ Jesus** and the phrase **and having no confidence in the flesh** are complementary ideas which express a similar truth. If a person truly places their confidence in Christ as their only means of earning God’s favor they will not put their confidence in themself or religious acts and conversely if a person puts their confidence in religious rituals and observances they cannot place their full confidence in Christ. Consider the best way to clearly express the coordinate ideas in your language. See UST. 
 PHP	3	4	upw5	figs-hypo	ἐγὼ ἔχων πεποίθησιν καὶ ἐν σαρκί. εἴ τις δοκεῖ ἄλλος πεποιθέναι ἐν σαρκί, ἐγὼ μᾶλλον	1	I myself, having confidence even in the flesh. If anyone else seems to have confidence in the flesh, I even more	Beginning with the phrase **if anyone**, Paul explains why, if anyone has a reason to be confident in religious works, he does. Beginning with this phrase, and continuing through the end of [3:6](../03/6.md), Paul gives his religious credentials and accomplishments in order to make the point that if earning God’s favor should be sought by observing the law then he had reason to boast more than anyone because. However, this is a hypothetical situation and Paul does not think that the Philippian believers should trust in keeping the law but rather in Christ. Paul is using a hypothetical situation to teach the Philippian believers what they should hope. Paul goes on to explain in [3:7–11](../3/7-11.md) that his hope is in Christ and not in the law. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
-PHP	3	5	d5bq		 περιτομῇ ὀκταήμερος ἐκ γένους Ἰσραήλ φυλῆς Βενιαμείν, Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων, κατὰ νόμον Φαρισαῖος	1		In this verse and the next verse, Paul lists a total of seven things that he put his confidence in before he believed in Christ. In this verse he lists five of those things and in the next verse he lists the remaining two. 
+PHP	3	5	d5bq		περιτομῇ ὀκταήμερος ἐκ γένους Ἰσραήλ φυλῆς Βενιαμείν, Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων, κατὰ νόμον Φαρισαῖος	1		In this verse and the next verse, Paul lists a total of seven things that he put his confidence in before he believed in Christ. In this verse he lists five of those things and in the next verse he lists the remaining two. 
 PHP	3	5	yq98	figs-explicit	φυλῆς Βενιαμείν	1	circumcision	The phrase **of the tribe of Benjamin** means that Paul was from the Israelite tribe of Benjamin and therefore descended from Jacob’s son Benjamin. Consider the best way to say this in your language. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	3	5	p4ik	figs-extrainfo	Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων	1	a Hebrew of Hebrews	The phrase **a Hebrew of Hebrews** could mean: (1) that Paul had retained Hebrew customs and spoke the language of the Hebrew people which was Aramaic. Alternate translation: See UST. (2) that Paul had no Gentile ancestors but rather was a pure-blooded Hebrew. Alternate translation: “a Hebrew whose parents and ancestors are all full-blooded Jews” (3) a combination of both of the above. Alternate translation: “a full-blooded Jew who has retained the Hebrew culture, customs, and language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
 PHP	3	5	we4t	figs-extrainfo	κατὰ νόμον Φαρισαῖος	1	according to the law, a Pharisee	The phrase **according to the law, a Pharisee** means that prior to his conversion Paul had been a Pharisee who related to the law of Moses as a Pharisee and therefore strictly obeyed it as well as all of the additional rules that the scribes had added to the law of Moses to try to safeguard it. Alternate translation: “in relation to the law of Moses I was a Pharisee” or “in relation to how I observed the law of Moses, I was a Pharisee and therefore I strictly obeyed every detail of it including the teachings of the scribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
@@ -268,11 +271,11 @@ PHP	3	6	hln8	figs-explicit	κατὰ δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐν νόμ
 PHP	3	7	i2td		ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη, ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν	1		This entire verse is Paul’s response to the seven things he listed in [3:5–6](../3/5-6.md) that he once considered to be spiritually and religiously profitable to himself. In this verse Paul contrasts his former way of viewing things as a Pharisee with his new way of viewing things in light of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 PHP	3	7	lb8f	figs-metaphor	ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη, ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν	1	a profit … loss	In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the words **gains** and **loss** were common business terms used for accounting. These terms were used to describe things a business person determined to be either profitable or unprofitable. Here, Paul is using these two terms metaphorically to portray the things he considers spiritually profitable and unprofitable. If your language has similar business or accounting terms that would be natural to use in this context, consider using them here. Alternate translation: “Whatever things I formerly counted as gains, these things I now count as loss for the sake of Christ” or “Whatever things I formerly accounted as gains, these things I now account as loss for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PHP	3	7	n4lg	figs-explicit	ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη	1	Whatever was a profit for me	Here, the phrase **Whatever was profit to me** refers specifically to the list of seven things that Paul has just listed in [3:5–6](../3/5-6.md) and to anything else he would have formerly put confidence in before he believed in Christ. Alternate translation: “Whatever things I formerly considered profitable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-PHP	3	7	yxtx	figs-abstractnouns	ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **loss** by expressing the idea of loss in a verbal phrase such as “worth losing”. Alternate translation: “I consider these things worth losing for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PHP	3	7	yxtx	figs-abstractnouns	ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **loss** by expressing the idea of loss in a verbal phrase such as “worth losing”. Alternate translation: “I consider these things worth losing for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PHP	3	8	e1fp	figs-metaphor	ἀλλὰ μενοῦνγε καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι, διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου, δι’ ὃν τὰ πάντα ἐζημιώθην καὶ ἡγοῦμαι σκύβαλα, ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω	1	I consider even all things to be loss	In this verse, Paul continues the business metaphor which he began in [3:7](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PHP	3	8	epts	figs-metaphor	ἡγοῦμαι	1		See how you translated the word **consider** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
 PHP	3	8	wugj		ζημίαν	1		See how you translated the word **loss** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
-PHP	3	8	iji5	figs-abstractnouns	καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι, διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **value** with an adjective such as “valuable”.  Alternate translation: “I consider everything worth losing for the sake of what is most valuable, namely, knowing Christ Jesus my Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PHP	3	8	iji5	figs-abstractnouns	καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι, διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **value** with an adjective such as “valuable”.  Alternate translation: “I consider everything worth losing for the sake of what is most valuable, namely, knowing Christ Jesus my Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PHP	3	8	cv55		διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου	1	because of the surpassing value of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord	Alternate translation: “because knowing Christ Jesus my Lord is worth so much more” 
 PHP	3	8	g1hy		γνώσεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου μου	1		Here, the word **knowledge** does not refer to simply being mentally aware of something or someone but rather refers to having a deep, intimate, personal knowledge and experience of something or someone. Here, it refers to having an intimate and personal knowledge or experience of Christ. Alternate translation: “intimately knowing Christ Jesus my Lord” or “deeply knowing and experiencing Christ Jesus my Lord” 
 PHP	3	8	dh2d		ἐζημιώθην	1		See how you translated the word **loss** earlier in this verse and in [3:7](../03/07.md).
@@ -281,7 +284,7 @@ PHP	3	8	ovd9	translate-unknown	σκύβαλα	1		During Paul’s time this word
 PHP	3	8	vgf5		κερδήσω	1		See how you translated the word **gains** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
 PHP	3	8	h3kq	grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω	1		The phrase **so that** is a purpose clause. In your translation, follow the conventions of your language for purpose clauses. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of gaining Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 PHP	3	9	iy4k	figs-activepassive	καὶ εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ	1	be found in him	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the passive verbal phrase **be found** with an active form and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “and God might find me in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PHP	3	9	g9a9	figs-explicit	 ἀλλὰ τὴν διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ	1	not having my own righteousness that is from the law	The word **that** refers to “righteousness”. Paul assumes his readers will know this from the context. If this would be unclear in your language consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but the righteousness which is through faith in Christ” or “but the righteousness which comes by faith in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+PHP	3	9	g9a9	figs-explicit	ἀλλὰ τὴν διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ	1	not having my own righteousness that is from the law	The word **that** refers to “righteousness”. Paul assumes his readers will know this from the context. If this would be unclear in your language consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but the righteousness which is through faith in Christ” or “but the righteousness which comes by faith in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PHP	3	9	a1fz		πίστεως Χριστοῦ	1	not having my own righteousness that is from the law	In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in the phrase **faith in Christ** could mean: (1) faith in the person and work of Christ. This phrase would then be translated as **faith in Christ** as the ULT translates it. (2) the faithfulness of Christ. Alternate translation: “the faithfulness of Christ”
 PHP	3	9	dely	figs-ellipsis	ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει	1		In the phrase **by faith** Paul is leaving out some words that would be needed in many languages. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “which comes by faith” or “which is received through faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 PHP	3	10	ot4a	writing-pronouns	τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτὸν, καὶ τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ, καὶ κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ, συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ	1		All occurrences of the pronouns **him** and **his** in this verse refer to Christ. If it would be clearer in your language you can translate one or more of these pronouns with the name. Alternate translation: “to know Christ and the power of his resurrection and the fellowship of his sufferings, being conformed to his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@@ -290,7 +293,7 @@ PHP	3	10	tam1		τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτὸν, καὶ τὴν δύναμι
 PHP	3	10	ngz6		τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτὸν	1		Here, the word **know** does not refer to simply being mentally aware of something or someone but rather refers to having a deep, intimate, personal knowledge and experience of something or someone. Here, it refers to having an intimate and personal knowledge or experience of Christ. See how you translated the form of this this word that is in [3:8](../3/8.md). Alternate translation: “to intimately know Christ” or “to deeply know and experience” 
 PHP	3	10	r3gz	grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	2		The second occurrence of the word **and** indicates that what follows is the second aspect of knowing Christ that Paul introduces in explanation of how specifically he wants to know Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 PHP	3	10	xm68		κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ	1	the fellowship of his sufferings	Alternate translation: “participate in his sufferings”
-PHP	3	10	xw42	figs-activepassive	συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ	1	being conformed to his death	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the phrase **being conformed to** with an active form. Alternate translation: “taking on the likeness of his death” or see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+PHP	3	10	xw42	figs-activepassive	συμμορφιζόμενος τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ	1	being conformed to his death	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the phrase **being conformed to** with an active form. Alternate translation: “taking on the likeness of his death” or see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PHP	3	11	l4rm		τὴν ἐξανάστασιν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	if somehow I might attain to the resurrection that is from the dead	Alternate translation: “the resurrection from the dead”
 PHP	3	12	xk5q	figs-extrainfo	οὐχ ὅτι ἤδη ἔλαβον	1	Connecting Statement:	The word **it** in the phrase **Not that I already received it* could be referring to: (1) spiritual perfection and completion. This phrase would then mean that Paul is saying that he is not yet spiritually perfect or complete. Alternate translation: “Not that I have already attained spiritual perfection” or “Not that I am already spiritually complete” or “Not that God’s work in me is already complete” or “Not that God’s work in me is already perfected” (2) that Paul has not yet reached the goals he has for himself and received his reward. Alternate translation: “Not that I have yet reached my goals and received my reward from God” (3) Paul has not yet finished the work God gave him to do with his life and died and received his reward from God. Alternate translation: “Not that I have finished my work and received my reward from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
 PHP	3	12	ms3v	figs-activepassive	ἤδη ἔλαβον	1	I already received it	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the verbal phrase **received it** with an active form. Alternate translation: “have taken hold of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -315,40 +318,55 @@ PHP	3	16	pxn9	figs-exclusive	εἰς ὃ ἐφθάσαμεν, τῷ αὐτῷ
 PHP	3	16	p3pm		εἰς ὃ ἐφθάσαμεν, τῷ αὐτῷ στοιχεῖν	1	in what we have attained, we should live in it	Alternate translation: “in the things that we have attained so far, we should live in them” or “in the things that we have believed so far, we should obey them” or “in the things that we have believed so far, we should act on them”
 PHP	3	17	jed4		συνμιμηταί μου γίνεσθε	1	Become imitators of me	Alternate translation: “Do what I do” or “Live as I live”
 PHP	3	17	yvor	figs-yousingular	γίνεσθε	1	Become imitators of me	The word **Become** is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the word **Become** could be translated as “you become”. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this word. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to become” or “Each of you become” or “I command each of you to become” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular)
-PHP	3	17	uxc5	ἀδελφοί	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated the word **brothers** in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
+PHP	3	17	uxc5		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated the word **brothers** in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
 PHP	3	17	mo8a	figs-yousingular	σκοπεῖτε	1	those who are thus walking, just as you have us as an example	In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the phrase **watch closely** is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this word. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to watch closely” or “each of you watch closely” or “I urge each of you to watch closely” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular)
 PHP	3	17	h4tv		τοὺς οὕτω περιπατοῦντας, καθὼς ἔχετε τύπον ἡμᾶς	1	those who are thus walking, just as you have us as an example	Alternate translation: “those people who are already living just as I live, and follow our example” or “those people who are already doing what I do, and imitate us”
-PHP	3	18	ab61	figs-metonymy	πολλοὶ γὰρ περιπατοῦσιν, οὓς πολλάκις ἔλεγον ὑμῖν	1	many walk … as enemies of the cross of Christ	Here, the word **walk** is a Jewish figure of speech meaning to “live” or to “conduct one’s life”. In Jewish culture a person’s behavior was spoken of as if that person was walking along a path. If this would be unclear in your language consider stating this in plain language. Alternate translation: “For many live—about whom I have often told you” or “For many conduct their lives—about whom I have often told you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+PHP	3	18	ab61	figs-metonymy	πολλοὶ γὰρ περιπατοῦσιν, οὓς πολλάκις ἔλεγον ὑμῖν	1	many walk … as enemies of the cross of Christ	Here, the word **walk** is a Jewish figure of speech meaning to “live” or to “conduct one’s life”. In Jewish culture a person’s behavior was spoken of as if that person was walking along a path. If this would be unclear in your language consider stating this in plain language. Alternate translation: “For many live—about whom I have often told you” or “For many conduct their lives—about whom I have often told you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PHP	3	18	zwp3	figs-ellipsis	πολλοὶ γὰρ	1	I have often told you	The phrase **For many** leaves out a word that would be needed in some languages to be completely clear. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply the missing word from the context. Alternate translation: “For many people walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 PHP	3	18	h6pc		κλαίων, λέγω	1	weeping, I say	Alternate translation: “telling you with great sadness”
-PHP	3	18	n8q2	figs-metonymy	τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	as enemies of the cross of Christ	Paul is figuratively describing the good news of Jesus’ death and resurrection and the work of sharing this good news by associating these things with **the cross of Christ**. Here, the phrase **the cross of Christ** is synonymous with the gospel message and the work of spreading the gospel message. The phrase **enemies of the cross of Christ** refers to the people who are opposed to the message of the gospel and oppose those who share it with others. If this is not clear in your language you could express this with plain language. Alternate translation: “as enemies of the good news about Jesus” or “as enemies of the message about Jesus and enemies of those who proclaim it” or “as enemies of the message about Jesus and enemies of those who share it with others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+PHP	3	18	n8q2	figs-metonymy	τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	as enemies of the cross of Christ	Paul is figuratively describing the good news of Jesus’ death and resurrection and the work of sharing this good news by associating these things with **the cross of Christ**. Here, the phrase **the cross of Christ** is synonymous with the gospel message and the work of spreading the gospel message. The phrase **enemies of the cross of Christ** refers to the people who are opposed to the message of the gospel and oppose those who share it with others. If this is not clear in your language you could express this with plain language. Alternate translation: “as enemies of the good news about Jesus” or “as enemies of the message about Jesus and enemies of those who proclaim it” or “as enemies of the message about Jesus and enemies of those who share it with others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PHP	3	19	v8gv		ὧν τὸ τέλος ἀπώλεια	1	whose end is destruction	Alternate translation: “God will destroy these people in the future” or “In the future there will come a day when God will destroy these people”.
 PHP	3	19	hn9i	figs-synecdoche	ὧν ὁ Θεὸς ἡ κοιλία	1	whose god is their belly	Here, Paul uses **belly** figuratively to represent all physical desires for pleasure. By Paul calling their **belly** their **god** he means that these people love and serve their physical desire for pleasure rather than loving and serving God. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or you can use plain language. Alternate translation: “who serve their desire for food and other pleasures rather than God” or “who obey their physical appetites instead of God” or “who love pleasure more than they love God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])   
 PHP	3	19	u9cl	figs-metonymy	ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν	1	their glory is in their shame	Here, **shame** stands for the actions that people should be ashamed of but are not. Alternate translation: “they are proud of the things that should cause them shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PHP	3	19	sv5z	figs-metonymy	οἱ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντες	1	who are thinking about earthly things	Here, **earthly** refers to all the things that pertain to everyday living on earth. The implied contrast that Paul is making here, is between earthly things and spiritual things. Alternate translation: “All they think about is earthly things instead of the things of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PHP	3	20	q1cc	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν…ἀπεκδεχόμεθα	1	General Information:	Here, when Paul uses **our** and **we** he is referring to himself and the believers in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-PHP	3	20	u8yr	figs-abstractnouns	πολίτευμα	1	our citizenship exists in heaven	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **citizenship** with a concrete noun such as “citizen.” Alternate translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PHP	3	21	eye2	figs-abstractnouns	δύνασθαι	1	who will transform our lowly body	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **power** with an adjective such as “powerful”. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PHP	4	intro	rp5c			0		# Philippians 4 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “My joy and my crown”<br><br>Paul had helped the Philippians become spiritually mature. As a result, Paul rejoiced and God honored him and his work. He considered discipling other Christians and encouraging them to grow spiritually as important to Christian living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Euodia and Syntyche<br><br>Apparently, these two women disagreed with each other. Paul was encouraging them to agree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-PHP	4	1	zk6q	figs-you		0	General Information:	When Paul says, “my true companion,” The word **you** is singular. Paul does not say the name of the person. He calls him that to show he worked with Paul to spread the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
-PHP	4	1	xmc4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues with some specific instructions to the believers in Philippi on unity and then gives instructions to help them live for the Lord.
-PHP	4	1	fe2y		ἀδελφοί μου ἀγαπητοὶ καὶ ἐπιπόθητοι	1	my brothers, beloved and longed for	“my fellow believers, I love you and I greatly desire to see you”
-PHP	4	1	ngs7		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
-PHP	4	1	wx5w	figs-metonymy	χαρὰ καὶ στέφανός μου	1	my joy and crown	Paul uses the word **joy** to mean that the Philippian church is the cause of his happiness. A **crown** was made of leaves, and a man wore it on his head as a sign of honor after he won an important game. Here the word **crown** means the Philippian church brought honor to Paul before God. Alternate translation: “since you give me joy because you have believed in Jesus, and you are my reward and honor for my work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PHP	4	1	dz44		οὕτως στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί	1	in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved	“so continue living for the Lord in the way that I have taught you, dear friends”
-PHP	4	2	x5qf	translate-names	Εὐοδίαν παρακαλῶ, καὶ Συντύχην παρακαλῶ	1	I urge Euodia, and I urge Syntyche	These are women who were believers and helped Paul in the church at Philippi. Alternate translation: “I beg Euodia, and I beg Syntyche” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-PHP	4	2	iyq7	figs-metonymy	τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	to think the same in the Lord	The phrase **to think the same** means to have the same attitude or opinion. Alternate translation: “to agree with each other because you both believe in the same Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PHP	4	3	yb3f	figs-yousingular	ἐρωτῶ καὶ σέ	1	I also ask you	Here, **you** refers to the **true companion** and is singular. This is the only occurrence of the word **you** in Philippians that is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
-PHP	4	3	hdz7	figs-metaphor	γνήσιε σύνζυγε	1	true companion	This metaphor is from farming, where two animals would be bound to the same yoke, and so they work together. Alternate translation: “fellow worker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PHP	4	3	cm3u	translate-names	μετὰ καὶ Κλήμεντος	1	with also Clement	**Clement** was a man who was a believer and worker in the church at Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-PHP	4	3	s9h9		ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς	1	whose names are in the Book of Life	“whose names God has written in the Book of Life”
-PHP	4	4	elt7		χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	Rejoice in the Lord	“be happy because of all the Lord has done.” See how you translated this in [Philippians 3:1](../03/01.md).
-PHP	4	5	snk5		ὁ Κύριος ἐγγύς	1	The Lord is near	This could mean: (1) The Lord Jesus is near to the believers in spirit. (2) The day the Lord Jesus will return to the earth is near.
-PHP	4	6	h63g		ἐν παντὶ, τῇ προσευχῇ καὶ τῇ δεήσει μετὰ εὐχαριστίας, τὰ αἰτήματα ὑμῶν γνωριζέσθω πρὸς τὸν Θεόν	1	in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God	“whatever happens to you, ask God for everything you need with prayer and thanks”
-PHP	4	7	u1sz		ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the peace of God	“the peace that God gives”
-PHP	4	7	zr4x		ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν	1	which surpasses all understanding	“which is more than we can understand”
-PHP	4	7	sb6s	figs-personification	φρουρήσει τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ νοήματα ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ	1	will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ	This presents God’s peace as a soldier who protects our **hearts** and **minds** from worrying. Alternate translation: “will be like a soldier and guard your hearts and minds in Christ”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-PHP	4	7	tsz6	figs-metonymy	φρουρήσει τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ νοήματα ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ	1	will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ	Here, **hearts** is a metonym for a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “will guard your emotions and thoughts in Christ” or “will protect you in Christ and will keep you from worrying about the troubles of this life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+PHP	3	20	u8yr	figs-abstractnouns	πολίτευμα	1	our citizenship exists in heaven	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **citizenship** with a concrete noun such as “citizen.” Alternate translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PHP	3	21	r3zw	writing-pronouns	σώματι τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ	1	our citizenship exists in heaven	Here, the pronoun **his** refers to Christ. Alternate translation: “to Christ’s glorious body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+PHP	3	21	deci	figs-abstractnouns	δύνασθαι	1	our citizenship exists in heaven	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **power** with an adjective such as “powerful”. Alternate translation: See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PHP	4	1	oax3	grammar-connect-words-phrases	ὥστε	1	brothers	Here, Paul uses the word **therefore** as a transition word to introduce the exhortations he is about to give to the Philippian Christians which are based on the things that he has said before this verse. Consider the best word or phrase to use in your language to show this meaning. Alternate translation: “So then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
+PHP	4	1	ngs7	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated the word **brothers** in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
+PHP	4	1	fe2y		ἀγαπητοὶ καὶ ἐπιπόθητοι	1	my brothers, beloved and longed for	Alternate translation: “I love you and greatly desire to see you” or “whom I love and greatly desire to see”
+PHP	4	1	wx5w	figs-abstractnouns	χαρὰ…μου	1	my joy and crown	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **joy** by expressing the idea of joy in a verbal phrase such as “you cause me to be very happy” or “you bring me great joy.” Alternate translation: “you cause me to be very happy” or “you bring me great joy” or “you cause me to be filled with joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PHP	4	1	lg9a	figs-extrainfo	χαρὰ καὶ στέφανός μου	1	my joy and crown	The phrase **my joy and crown** could refer to: (1) both the present time and to the time in the future when Christ will return. Alternate translation: “my joy and reward” (2) Paul’s current feelings of joy regarding the Philippian Christians and his future hope of being rewarded for his labor among them. Alternate translation: “my source of joy and my future hope of being rewarded when Christ returns” (3) Paul’s joy and reward in the future when Christ returns. Alternate translation: “my hope for joy and reward when Christ returns” (4) Paul’s present joy in the Philippian believers and his present feeling that they were his reward for his work among them. Alternate translation: “my joy and reward”  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
+PHP	4	1	kvsk	figs-metaphor	στέφανός	1	my joy and crown	Paul speaks figuratively of the Philippian Christians as if they were his crown. At the time Paul wrote this letter a **crown** was made of leaves which a person wore it on their head as a sign of their achievement after they had won an important game. Here, the word **crown** means the Philippian Christians brought great honor to Paul before God and were a sign of his hard work among them. If your readers would not understand the meaning of this metaphor you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture or state the meaning in plain language. Alternative translation, “my reward” or “my honor” or “the sign of my hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+PHP	4	1	t07j		οὕτως στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί	1	in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved	Alternate translation: “so continue living for the Lord in the way that I have taught you, dear friends”
+PHP	4	1	dz44		οὕτως στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί	1	in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved	The phrase **in this way** could refer to: (1) what comes before it, in which case it would mean, “in the way that I have just explained to you” Alternate translation: “stand firm in the Lord in the way that I have just explained to you beloved” (2) what Paul commands the Philippian Christians to do in [Philippians 4:2-9](../04/2-9.md). Alternate translation: “stand firm in the Lord, beloved, in this way”
+PHP	4	1	zu0i	figs-yousingular	στήκετε	1	in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved	The phrase **stand firm** is a command given to the Philippian believers. If your language has a plural command form that would be proper to use in this context, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
+PHP	4	1	j6fp	figs-metaphor	στήκετε	1	in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved	Here, the phrase **stand firm** is used figuratively. The phrase **stand firm** uses the imagery of a soldier continuing to stand in place without being moved by the enemy. Here, Paul uses the phrase **stand firm** with a spiritual meaning to tell the Philippian Christians that they should continue believing what they have already believed and not change their mind. If this would be unclear in your language consider using another metaphor that would make sense in your culture or use plain language. Alternate translation: “remain unmoved in your belief in Christ” or “remain firm in your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+PHP	4	1	i8ad		οὕτως στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved	Alternate translation: “stand firm in your union and relationship with the Lord” or “stand firm in your union and communion with the Lord”
+PHP	4	2	x5qf	translate-names	Εὐοδίαν…Συντύχην	1	I urge Euodia, and I urge Syntyche	These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+PHP	4	3	yb3f	figs-yousingular	σέ	1	I also ask you	Here, **you** refers to the **true companion** and is singular. This is the only occurrence of the word **you** in Philippians that is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
+PHP	4	3	hdz7	figs-extrainfo	γνήσιε σύνζυγε	1	true companion	The phrase **true companion** refers to a person whom the Philippian believers were familiar with at that time but whose identity is no longer known. Alternate translation: “my faithful helper in the work of the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
+PHP	4	3	wkp7	figs-ellipsis	αἵτινες ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ συνήθλησάν μοι	1	with also Clement	In the phrase **the gospel** Paul is leaving out some of the words that would be needed in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “who have labored with me in the work of spreading the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+PHP	4	3	cm3u	translate-names	Κλήμεντος	1	with also Clement	**Clement** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+PHP	4	3	s9h9		ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς	1	whose names are in the Book of Life	Alternate translation: “whose names God has written in the Book of Life”
+PHP	4	4	elt7		χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	Rejoice in the Lord	See how you translated the phrase **rejoice in the Lord** in [Philippians 3:1](../03/01.md).
+PHP	4	4	sbdp	figs-yousingular	χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ πάντοτε, πάλιν ἐρῶ, χαίρετε!	1		Both occurrences of the word **rejoice** in this verse are commands given to the Philippian believers. If your language has a plural command form use it here. Alternate translation: “I urge you all to rejoice in the Lord at all times. Again I will say, I urge each of you to rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
+PHP	4	5	hopf	figs-yousingular	τὸ ἐπιεικὲς ὑμῶν γνωσθήτω	1	The Lord is near	The phrase **Let your gentleness be known** is a command given to the Philippian believers. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
+PHP	4	5	mo7g	figs-gendernotations	πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις	1	The Lord is near	Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a general sense to mean all people in general, including women. Alternate translation: “all people” or “everyone”. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations)
+PHP	4	5	snk5	figs-extrainfo	ὁ Κύριος ἐγγύς	1	The Lord is near	The phrase **The Lord is near** could mean: (1) The day that Jesus will return is coming soon. Alternate translation: “The Lord will return soon” or “The Lord’s coming is near” or “The Lord’s second coming is near” (2) The Lord was near to the Philippian believers. Alternate translation: “The Lord is near to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
+PHP	4	6	w5gk	figs-yousingular	μηδὲν μεριμνᾶτε	1	in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God	The phrase **be anxious about nothing** is a command given to the Philippian believers. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
+PHP	4	6	h63g	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλ’	1	in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God	Here, the word **but** shows a contrast between the phrase **about nothing** and the phrase **in everything**. Consider the best way to show this contrast in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
+PHP	4	6	mcvt	figs-extrainfo	ἐν παντὶ	1	in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God	The phrase **in everything** could refer to: (1) all situations. Alternate translation: “in all situations” or “in all circumstances.” (2) time. Alternate translation: “at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
+PHP	4	6	ahul	figs-doublet	τῇ προσευχῇ καὶ τῇ δεήσει	1	in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God	The words **prayer** and **petition** mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used both for emphasis and comprehensiveness. Petition is a type of prayer in which a person asks God for things. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these two words. Alternate translation: “by prayer” or “in prayer”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+PHP	4	6	f4t5	figs-yousingular	τὰ αἰτήματα ὑμῶν γνωριζέσθω	1	in everything by prayer and petition with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God	The phrase **let your requests be known** is a command given to the Philippian believers. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
+PHP	4	7	jgba	grammar-connect-logic-result	καὶ	1	the peace of God	Here, the word **and** shows that what follows is the result of practicing what comes before it in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “and then” or see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+PHP	4	7	u1sz	figs-extrainfo	ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the peace of God	The phrase **the peace of God** refers to the peace which God gives. Alternate translation: “the peace that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
+PHP	4	7	gejd	figs-abstractnouns	εἰρήνη	1	the peace of God	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **peace** with an adjectival phrase such as “at peace.” Alternate translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PHP	4	7	zr4x	figs-extrainfo	ἡ ὑπερέχουσα πάντα νοῦν	1	which surpasses all understanding	The phrase **which surpasses all understanding** could mean: (1) that the peace God gives is so great that human minds are not able to understand it. Alternate translation: “which is greater than we can understand” (2) that the peace that God gives is superior to anything that humans can contrive through their own efforts. Alternate translation: “which humans cannot accomplish or attain by their own efforts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
+PHP	4	7	ppvf	figs-abstractnouns	νοῦν	1	which surpasses all understanding	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **understanding** with a verb such as “understand.” Alternate translation: “which is beyond human ability to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PHP	4	7	sb6s	figs-metaphor	φρουρήσει τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ νοήματα ὑμῶν	1	will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ	The word **guard** is a military term which refers to a soldier guarding a city or a fortress in order to protect it from enemy attacks.  Here, Paul presents God’s peace as if it were a soldier who protects **hearts** and **minds** from worrying and so this phrase literally means “will be like a soldier and guard your hearts and minds” or “will be like a soldier standing guard to protect your hearts and minds.” If your readers would not understand this metaphor in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “will keep your hearts and minds safe from attacks of worry and fear” or “will keep your hearts and minds safe” or “will protect your hearts and minds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+PHP	4	7	tsz6		ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ	See how you translated the phrase **in Christ Jesus** in [Philippians 1:1](../01/1.md).
 PHP	4	8	b8ig		τὸ λοιπόν	1	As to the rest	As Paul ends his letter, he gives a summary of how believers should live to have peace with God.
 PHP	4	8	fxn5		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
 PHP	4	8	r275		ὅσα προσφιλῆ	1	as many as lovely	“whatever things are pleasing”
@@ -380,5 +398,4 @@ PHP	4	20	fba5		τῷ δὲ Θεῷ…ἡμῶν	1	Now to our God	The word **Now*
 PHP	4	21	h2jr		οἱ…ἀδελφοί	1	The brothers	This refers to those people who were either ministering with or to Paul.
 PHP	4	21	z65a		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
 PHP	4	22	rg96		μάλιστα…οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας	1	especially those from the household of Caesar	This refers to servants who worked in Caesar’s palace. “especially the fellow believers who work in the palace of Caesar”
-PHP	4	23	a3f8	figs-synecdoche	μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν	1	be with your spirit	Paul refers to the believers by using the word **spirit,** which is what enables humans to relate to God. Alternate translation: “be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PHP	3	21	n2lh		τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ	1	our citizenship exists in heaven	Here, the pronoun **his** refers to Christ. Alternate translation: “Christ’s glorious body”
+PHP	4	23	a3f8	figs-synecdoche	μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν	1	be with your spirit	Paul refers to the believers by using the word **spirit,** which is what enables humans to relate to God. Alternate translation: “be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])