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@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 7 11 lxf7 figs-activepassive τῷ ἀνδρὶ καταλλαγήτω 1 be reconciled to her husband If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on the “wife,” who is **reconciled**, rather than the person doing the “reconciling.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that the “wife” does it herself. Alternate translation: “let her reconcile with the husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 7 11 k7ju ἄνδρα γυναῖκα μὴ ἀφιέναι 1 Alternate translation: “a husband should not divorce a wife”
1CO 7 12 k9yd τοῖς…λοιποῖς 1 agrees Here, **the rest** could refer to (1) people in other situations than those already named, particularly those who are married to an unbelieving spouse. Alternate translation: “to the rest of those who are married” (2) everything else Paul is about to say. Alternate translation: “about other situations”
1CO 7 12 xn88 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἐγώ, οὐχ ὁ Κύριος 1 Here **I, not the Lord** is the opposite of what Paul said in [7:10](../07/10.md). Paul wishes to clarify that he is the authority behind this command. Of course, **the Lord** made him an apostle and gave him authority, but he wants the Corinthians to know that he is speaking out of that authority here and not referring to what **the Lord** said while he was on earth. If **I, not the Lord** would be misunderstood in your language, you could either identify that it is Paul “alone” who gives the command, or you could clarify that **the Lord** did not say anything about this topic. Alternate translation: “I alone” or “on my own authority, since the Lord did not speak about this topic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
1CO 7 12 xn88 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἐγώ, οὐχ ὁ Κύριος 1 Here, **I, not the Lord** is the opposite of what Paul said in [7:10](../07/10.md). Paul wishes to clarify that he is the authority behind this command. Of course, **the Lord** made him an apostle and gave him authority, but he wants the Corinthians to know that he is speaking out of that authority here and not referring to what **the Lord** said while he was on earth. If **I, not the Lord** would be misunderstood in your language, you could either identify that it is Paul “alone” who gives the command, or you could clarify that **the Lord** did not say anything about this topic. Alternate translation: “I alone” or “on my own authority, since the Lord did not speak about this topic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
1CO 7 12 rrfp grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἴ τις ἀδελφὸς γυναῖκα ἔχει ἄπιστον, καὶ αὕτη συνευδοκεῖ οἰκεῖν μετ’ αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀφιέτω 1 Here Paul uses **if** to introduce a true possibility. He means that a **brother** might have **an unbelieving wife**, and she might agree **to live with him**, or this situation might not happen. He then specifies the result for if this situation does happen. If this form would be misunderstood in your language, you could express the **if** statement by introducing it with a word such as “whenever” or by using a relative clause. Alternate translation: “but let any brother who has an unbelieving wife who agrees to live with him not divorce” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/fgrammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
1CO 7 12 ae1u figs-idiom οἰκεῖν μετ’ αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **to live with him** refers to staying married. If **to live with him** would be misunderstood in your language, you could use a comparable idiom that refers to staying married. Alternate translation: “to stay with him” or “to remain married to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CO 7 12 jej3 figs-imperative μὴ ἀφιέτω αὐτήν 1 Here Paul uses a third person imperative. If you have third person imperatives in your language, you could use one here. If you do not have third person imperatives, you could express the idea using a word such as “must” or “should.” Alternate translation: “he must not divorce her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 7 25 ag3x grammar-connect-words-phrases περὶ δὲ 1 Now concerning those who never married, I have no commandment from the Lord Just as in [7:1](../07/01.md), **Now concerning** introduces a new topic that Paul wishes to address. Likely, the topics that he introduces in this way are what the Corinthians wrote to him about. Translate **Now concerning** here as you did in [7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “Next, about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1CO 7 25 f71a translate-unknown ἐπιταγὴν Κυρίου οὐκ ἔχω 1 Now concerning those who never married, I have no commandment from the Lord Here Paul wishes to clarify that he is speaking out of the authority that he has as an apostle. He is not referring to anything that the Lord said while he was on earth, unlike what Paul did in [7:10](../07/10.md). If **I do not have a command of the Lord** would be misunderstood in your language, you could use the language of “authority” or “quotation.” Alternate translation: “I do not quote from the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1CO 7 25 q3k1 figs-abstractnouns ἐπιταγὴν Κυρίου 1 Now concerning those who never married, I have no commandment from the Lord If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **command**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “command.” Alternate translation: “anything that the Lord commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO 7 25 vaa4 translate-unknown γνώμην…δίδωμι 1 I give my opinion Here **I give an opinion** identifies that Paul is speaking from his own knowledge and authority. He wants the Corinthians to take this as strong advice, not as a command from God. If **I give an opinion** would be misunderstood in your language, you could use a word or phrase that indicates that what Paul says is not as strong as a command. Alternate translation: “I give my own view” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1CO 7 25 vaa4 translate-unknown γνώμην…δίδωμι 1 I give my opinion Here, **I give an opinion** identifies that Paul is speaking from his own knowledge and authority. He wants the Corinthians to take this as strong advice, not as a command from God. If **I give an opinion** would be misunderstood in your language, you could use a word or phrase that indicates that what Paul says is not as strong as a command. Alternate translation: “I give my own view” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1CO 7 25 iuyv figs-abstractnouns γνώμην…δίδωμι 1 I give my opinion If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **opinion**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “think.” Alternate translation: “I say what I think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO 7 25 qqz7 figs-activepassive ἠλεημένος ὑπὸ Κυρίου 1 as one who, by the Lords mercy, is trustworthy If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on Paul, who has **received mercy**, rather than the **Lord**, who gives the “mercy.” Alternate translation: “one to whom the Lord has given mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 7 25 lyqi figs-abstractnouns ἠλεημένος ὑπὸ Κυρίου 1 as one who, by the Lords mercy, is trustworthy If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **mercy**, you could express the idea by using a adverb such as “mercifully” or an adjective such as “merciful.” Alternate translation: “having received what the Lord has mercifully done to make me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 10 27 nbjw grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἴ 1 you without asking questions of conscience Here Paul uses if to introduce a true possibility. He means that an unbeliever might **invite you** and **you** might **want to go**, or this might not happen. He specifies the result for if the unbeliever does **invite you** and if **you** do **want to go**. If your readers would misunderstand this form, you could express the **if** statement by introducing it with a word such as “whenever.” Alternate translation: “Whenever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
1CO 10 27 i2f5 figs-explicit καλεῖ ὑμᾶς 1 you without asking questions of conscience Here Paul implies that the unbeliever “invites them” to eat at the unbelievers house. If your readers would misunderstand **invite you** by itself, you could clarify what the invitation is for. Alternate translation: “invite you to eat at their home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 10 27 krcv figs-idiom τὸ παρατιθέμενον ὑμῖν 1 you without asking questions of conscience Here, **that is set before you** refers physically to a waiter or servant “setting” food on the table in front of the person eating. If your readers would misunderstand this way of speaking about the food that one is served, you could use a comparable phrase. Alternate translation: “that is on the table” or “that they offer to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CO 10 27 l2k8 figs-activepassive τὸ παρατιθέμενον 1 you without asking questions of conscience If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on what is **set** rather than the person doing the “setting.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that one of the “unbelievers” does it. Alternate translation: “that the unbeliever sets before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 10 27 l2k8 figs-activepassive τὸ παρατιθέμενον 1 you without asking questions of conscience If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on what is **set** rather than the person doing the “setting.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that one of the “unbelievers” does it. Alternate translation: “that the unbeliever sets before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO 10 27 g31y figs-ellipsis ἀνακρίνοντες 1 you without asking questions of conscience Just as in [10:25](../10/25.md), here Paul does not state what they are **asking questions** about, since the Corinthians would have understood him without these words. He implies that they would be **asking questions** about whether the food has been involved in idol worship or not. If your readers would misunderstand **asking questions**, or if you need to provide an object for **asking questions**, you could explicitly state what Paul implies. Alternate translation: “asking questions about its origin” or “asking questions about whether someone has offered it to an idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO 10 27 xnej grammar-connect-logic-result ἀνακρίνοντες διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν 1 you without asking questions of conscience Just as in [10:25](../10/25.md), **for the sake of conscience** could give the reason for: (1) **asking questions**. In this case, Paul is saying that **asking questions** is **for the sake of the conscience**, but they should not be worried about **the conscience** in this case. Alternate translation: “asking questions on account of the conscience” (2) why they can **Eat everything** **without asking**. In this case, Paul is saying that they should eat **without asking** because if they did ask, their **conscience** might condemn them. Alternate translation: “asking. Do this for the sake of the conscience” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1CO 10 27 pqsl writing-pronouns τὴν συνείδησιν 1 you without asking questions of conscience Here,**the conscience** identifies **the conscience** of the people who are eating with **unbelievers**. If your readers would misunderstand **the conscience**, you could express the idea with a form that more clearly identifies **the conscience** as belonging to the person who is eating with **unbelievers**. Alternate translation: “your consciences” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@ -1568,7 +1568,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 11 28 nhx7 figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωπος ἑαυτόν…ἐσθιέτω…πινέτω 1 examine Here, **man**, **himself**, and **him** are written in masculine form, but they refer to anyone, no matter what their gender might be. If your readers would misunderstand these words, you could express the idea by using word that do not have gender or you could use both genders. Alternate translation: “a person … himself or herself … let him or her eat … let him or her drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1CO 11 28 ih78 figs-infostructure οὕτως ἐκ τοῦ ἄρτου ἐσθιέτω, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου πινέτω 1 examine Here, **in this way** introduces both **let him eat** and **let him drink**. If your readers would misunderstand and think that **let him drink** is a separate command, you could combine the two statements more closely, or you could repeat **in this way**. Alternate translation: “in this way let him eat from the bread and drink from the cup” or “in this way let him eat from the bread, and in this way let him drink from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
1CO 11 28 hzac figs-idiom ἐκ τοῦ ἄρτου ἐσθιέτω 1 examine Here, to **eat from** something means to **eat** some of that thing. If your readers would misunderstand **eat from**, you could use a word or phrase that refers to eating part of something. Alternate translation: “let him eat eat his portion of the bread” or “let him eat some of the loaf of bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CO 11 29 gqd2 figs-metaphor μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα 1 without discerning the body Here **body** could refer to: (1) the “church,” which is **the body** of Christ (for a similar use of **body**, see [12:27](../12/27.md)). The point would be that people are behaving during the Lords Supper in a way that does not respect fellow believers, who are **the body** of Christ. Alternate translation: “without discerning that fellow believers are the body” (2) the presence of **the body** of Christ in the Lords Supper itself. The point would be that believers are participating in the Lords Supper in a way that does not respect how Christs **body** is present in the bread and wine. Alternate translation: “without discerning the presence of the Lords body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 11 29 gqd2 figs-metaphor μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα 1 without discerning the body Here, **body** could refer to: (1) the “church,” which is **the body** of Christ (for a similar use of **body**, see [12:27](../12/27.md)). The point would be that people are behaving during the Lords Supper in a way that does not respect fellow believers, who are **the body** of Christ. Alternate translation: “without discerning that fellow believers are the body” (2) the presence of **the body** of Christ in the Lords Supper itself. The point would be that believers are participating in the Lords Supper in a way that does not respect how Christs **body** is present in the bread and wine. Alternate translation: “without discerning the presence of the Lords body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 11 29 uxvq figs-metaphor κρίμα ἑαυτῷ, ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει 1 without discerning the body Here Paul speaks as if people could “eat and drink” **judgment**. By speaking this way, Paul means that the result of their “eating and drinking” is not physical or spiritual nourishment but **judgment**. If your readers would misunderstand this figure of speech, you could use a comparable metaphor or express the idea non-figuratively. Alternate translation: “is judged as a result of eating and drinking” or “eats and drinks with the result that he receives judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 11 29 x3n8 figs-abstractnouns κρίμα ἑαυτῷ 1 without discerning the body If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **judgment**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “judge.” Paul implies that “God” is the one who is doing the “judging.” Alternate translation: “with the result that God judges him” or “the fact that God will judge him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO 11 29 optf figs-gendernotations ἑαυτῷ 1 without discerning the body Here, **himself** is written in masculine form, but it refers to anyone, no matter what their gender might be. If your readers would misunderstand **himself**, you could express the idea by using a word that does not have gender or you could use both genders. Alternate translation: “to himself or herself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
@ -2331,7 +2331,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 15 47 yt2q figs-explicit ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος…ὁ δεύτερος ἄνθρωπος 1 The first man is of the earth, made of dust Here, **first man** refers to Adam, the first human whom God created. The **second man** refers to Jesus, the first human to receive the new resurrection body. Paul describes them as **first** and **second** because Adam was the **first** receive a specific kind of body, and Jesus was the **second** to receive a specific kind of body, different than the one Adam received. This is the same point he made in the last verse about which body comes “first” ([15:46](../15/46.md)). If your readers would misunderstand **first man** and **second man**, you could clarify to whom they refer. Alternate translation: “The first man, Adam, … The second man, Jesus,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 15 47 pton figs-gendernotations ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος…ὁ δεύτερος ἄνθρωπος 1 The first man is of the earth, made of dust Although **man** is masculine, and both Adam (**The first man**) and Jesus (**The second man**) are male, Paul is focusing on how the **first** and **second man** are representative human beings. He is not focusing on the **first** and **second man** as representative males. If your readers would misunderstand **man**, you could use a non-gendered word. Alternate translation: “The first person … The second person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1CO 15 47 iclf figs-explicit ἐκ γῆς, χοϊκός 1 The first man is of the earth, made of dust Here Paul refers again to [Genesis 2:7](../../gen/02/07.md). In that verse, we learn about how God made the **first man**, Adam, out of **dust**. Paul uses this reference to **dust** to prove that the **first man** has the kind of life and body that belongs on **the earth**. So, **of the earth** means almost the same thing that “natural” means in [15:46](../15/46.md). If your readers would misunderstand **of the earth, made of dust**, you could clarify that Paul is referring to the story about how God made the **first man** as a human who has a body and life fit for **the earth**. Alternate translation: “God made out of dust, and he is fit for the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 15 47 s1pc figs-explicit ἐξ οὐρανοῦ 1 The first man is of the earth, made of dust Here **from heaven** could refer to: (1) how Jesus, the **second man**, has a body and life fit for heaven and the new creation. In this case, **from heaven** would mean basically the same thing that “spiritual” means in [15:46](../15/46.md). Alternate translation: “is fit for heaven” (2) how Jesus, the **second man**, came **from heaven** when he became a human. Alternate translation: “came from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 15 47 s1pc figs-explicit ἐξ οὐρανοῦ 1 The first man is of the earth, made of dust Here, **from heaven** could refer to: (1) how Jesus, the **second man**, has a body and life fit for heaven and the new creation. In this case, **from heaven** would mean basically the same thing that “spiritual” means in [15:46](../15/46.md). Alternate translation: “is fit for heaven” (2) how Jesus, the **second man**, came **from heaven** when he became a human. Alternate translation: “came from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 15 48 lnwa figs-ellipsis οἷος ὁ χοϊκός, τοιοῦτοι καὶ οἱ χοϊκοί; καὶ οἷος ὁ ἐπουράνιος, τοιοῦτοι καὶ οἱ ἐπουράνιοι 1 ὁ ἐπουράνιος In this verse, Paul does not use any verbs. He does this because he did not need verbs in his culture to state that the **earthly** and **those of the earth** are the same kind of thing and that the **heavenly** and **those of heaven** are the same kind of thing. If your language does not need verbs or other words to state that two different things or groups belong together as the same kind of thing, you could use those verbs or words here. Alternate translation: “The earthly and those of the earth are of the same type; and the heavenly and those of heaven are of the same type” or “As the earthly exists, in the same way those of the earth exist; and as the heavenly exists, in the way those of heaven exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO 15 48 r9be figs-nominaladj ὁ χοϊκός…ὁ ἐπουράνιος 1 ὁ ἐπουράνιος Paul is using the adjectives **earthly** and **heavenly** as nouns in order to refer back to the “first man” (who is “of the earth”) and the “second man” (who is “of heaven”) from the previous verse ([15:47](../15/47.md)). Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these with noun phrases that refer back to those people. Alternate translation: “the earthly first man … the heavenly second man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1CO 15 48 jnbn figs-explicit οἱ χοϊκοί 1 ὁ ἐπουράνιος Here, **those of the earth** refers to people who are not united to Jesus and who thus belong to **the earth**. Paul uses this language to connect these people with the **earthly** first man. If your readers would misunderstand **those of the earth**, you could use a word or phrase that clarifies that **those of the earth** describes people who are represented by Adam, not by Jesus. Alternate translation: “those of the earth who are represented by him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -2354,7 +2354,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 15 50 t68j figs-nominaladj ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν 1 the perishable … the imperishable Paul is using the adjectives **perishable** and **imperishable** as nouns in order to refer to **perishable** bodies and the **imperishable** kingdom. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these with appropriate noun phrases. Alternate translation: “a perishable body … the imperishable kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1CO 15 51 g2bp figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 we will all be changed Here, **Behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If your readers would misunderstand **Behold**, you could use a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen. Alternate translation: “Listen up” or “Hear me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1CO 15 51 lxl4 figs-abstractnouns μυστήριον 1 we will all be changed If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **mystery**, you could express the idea by using an adjective such as “secret” or “mysterious.” Alternate translation: “a mysterious thing” or “what was secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO 15 51 c3cx figs-exclusive πάντες οὐ κοιμηθησόμεθα, πάντες…ἀλλαγησόμεθα 1 we will all be changed Here **we** refers to all believers, including Paul, the Corinthians, and others. Paul is speaking in general terms about believers. He does not necessarily think that he is one who will not **fall asleep**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1CO 15 51 c3cx figs-exclusive πάντες οὐ κοιμηθησόμεθα, πάντες…ἀλλαγησόμεθα 1 we will all be changed Here, **we** refers to all believers, including Paul, the Corinthians, and others. Paul is speaking in general terms about believers. He does not necessarily think that he is one who will not **fall asleep**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1CO 15 51 dt91 figs-euphemism πάντες οὐ κοιμηθησόμεθα 1 we will all be changed Here Paul refers to how people die as if they **fall asleep**. This is a polite way of referring to something unpleasant. If your readers would misunderstand **fall asleep**, you could use a different polite way of referring to death or you could state the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “We will not all pass away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1CO 15 51 c8oh translate-unknown πάντες…ἀλλαγησόμεθα 2 we will all be changed Here, **changed** refers to how the bodies of believers are transformed from “natural” to “spiritual.” If your readers would misunderstand **changed**, you could use a word or phrase that refers to this kind of transformation. Alternate translation: “we will all be renewed” or “we will all be transfigured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1CO 15 51 k5dw figs-activepassive πάντες…ἀλλαγησόμεθα 2 we will all be changed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form here to focus on the people who are **changed** rather than the person who does the “changing.” If you must state who does the action, Paul implies that “God” does it. Alternate translation: “God will change us all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2525,7 +2525,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 16 20 fbuc translate-unknown ἐν φιλήματι ἁγίῳ 1 For they have refreshed my spirit Here, **a holy kiss** describes a **kiss** that believers would give to other believers (that is why it is **holy**). In Pauls culture, this was an appropriate way to greet someone whom one was very close with, such as a family member or a good friend. You could use a greeting that is used by close friends or family members and clarify that here it is used in a **holy** or Christian way. Alternate translation: “with a Christian hug” or “in warm way that is appropriate for fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1CO 16 21 izu6 ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ 1 I, Paul, write this with my own hand Paul concludes his letter by writing a final greeting to the Corinthians. Your language may have a particular way of sharing greetings in a letter. If so, you can use that form here. Alternate translation: “I ask to be remembered in my own hand” or “I say hello in my own hand”
1CO 16 21 msa3 figs-explicit ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ 1 I, Paul, write this with my own hand In Pauls culture, it was normal for a scribe to write down what the author of the letter was saying. Paul here indicates that he himself is writing these last words. He may mean just this verse, or he may mean the rest of the letter. The phrase **in my own hand** means that it was **his own hand** that took up the pen and wrote. If your readers would misunderstand **in my own hand**, you could express the idea by using a comparable expression or include any extra information needed to make it clear. Alternate translation: “This greeting is in my handwriting” or “I write this greeting myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO 16 21 f483 figs-123person Παύλου 1 I, Paul, write this with my own hand Here **Paul** speaks of himself in the third person. He does this to sign his name to the letter, which shows that the letter is from **Paul** himself and carries his authority. If your language has a specific form for signing letters or documents, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “I am Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1CO 16 21 f483 figs-123person Παύλου 1 I, Paul, write this with my own hand Here, **Paul** speaks of himself in the third person. He does this to sign his name to the letter, which shows that the letter is from **Paul** himself and carries his authority. If your language has a specific form for signing letters or documents, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “I am Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1CO 16 22 il5a grammar-connect-condition-fact εἴ τις οὐ φιλεῖ τὸν Κύριον 1 may he be accursed Here Paul speaks as **If** some people do **not love the Lord**, but he knows that this is true for some people. He uses **If** to identify these people as the ones that he is addressing. If your language does not use **If** to identify a certain group of people, you could use a form that does do this. Alternate translation: “Whoever does not love the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
1CO 16 22 yacw figs-gendernotations ἤτω 1 may he be accursed Although **him** is masculine, Paul is using this word to refer to anyone, whether man or woman. If your readers would misunderstand **him**, you could use a non-gendered word or refer to both genders. Alternate translation: “let him or her be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1CO 16 22 nf3w figs-imperative ἤτω 1 may he be accursed Here Paul uses a third person imperative. If you have third person imperatives in your language, you could use one here. If you do not have third person imperatives, you could express the idea using a word or phrase such as “should” or “may.” Alternate translation: “he should be accursed” or “may he be accursed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])

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