diff --git a/tn_LEV.tsv b/tn_LEV.tsv index 5ec83d3719..aedd59f5db 100644 --- a/tn_LEV.tsv +++ b/tn_LEV.tsv @@ -3,441 +3,460 @@ front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 1:intro ecv8 0 #Leviticus 1 General Notes\n\n##Structure and Formatting\nIn Hebrew, this chapter begins with the word “And,” indicating a connection with the previous book (Exodus). This connection not only implies that the first five books of the Bible should be seen as a single unit; it also situates Leviticus in the narrative setting of the book of Exodus, during the thirteenth month of the Israelite's wandering in the wilderness of Sinai. \n\nThe first chapter of Leviticus is comprised of two hypothetical scenarios representing three variations of the burnt offering:\nThe Burnt Offering (1:1–17)\n- 1) a livestock animal ([1:2–13](../01/02.md))\n - a) a bovine ([1:3–9](../01/03.md))\n - b) a sheep or goat ([1:10–13](../01/10.md))\n- 2) a bird ([1:14–17](../01/14.md))\n\nAs such, the initial heading verse of each section begins with "If" and is followed by the prescribed steps of the sacrifice. Presumably, they are the same for each burnt offering, but more prescriptions are explicit for the first type of burnt offering, the bovine, probably because they are implied for the other two possible burnt offerings. The steps of the sacrificial process for burnt offerings are:\n\n- 1) Selecting a perfect, unblemished, and otherwise completely healthy animal ([1:3, 10, 14](../01/03.md))\n- 2) Presenting the animal at the entrance to the tent of meeting ([1:3](../01/03.md))\n- 3) Laying hands on the head of the animal ([1:4](../01/04.md))\n- 4) Killing the animal ([1:5, 11, 15](../01/05.md))\n- 5) Presenting and sprinkling the animal's blood on the altar ([1:5, 11, 15](../01/05.md))\n- 6) Skinning the animal ([1:6](../01/06.md))\n- 7) Butchering the animal into its appropriate pieces, usually the head, fat, intestines, and legs ([1:6, 12, 16–17](../01/06.md))\n- 8) Putting fire on the altar and arranging the wood ([1:7](../01/07.md))\n- 9) Arranging the pieces, specifically the head and the fat, of the sacrifice over the burning wood of the altar ([1:8, 12](../01/08.md))\n- 10) Washing the legs and the intestines ([1:9, 13](../01/09.md))\n- 11) Burning the entire animal in a way that causes smoke to go up ([1:9, 13, 17](../01/09.md)\n\n##Special Concepts in this Chapter\nSeveral concepts are crucial for understanding the instructions in this chapter. They include: 1) technical sacrificial terminology, 2) atonement, 3) the importance of blood, and 4) the nature of symbolic action. \n\n###Technical sacrificial terminology\nThroughout the book of Leviticus, the author employs several terms that have a specialized technical meaning in the context of sacrifices or that are only used in this context. In this chapter, such terms are 1) the "burnt offering" and 2) the "gift."\n\n- 1) The “burnt offering”\nThe burnt offering was a particular sacrifice that could be offered by anyone for a variety of reasons. Its name is related to a verb that means "to go up" or ”to ascend,” suggesting that the sacrifice was to be converted into smoke by the fire and ascend to Yahweh in heaven, as the discussion on the verb phrase "to cause to become smoke" will suggest. Its function was to provide a sacrifice intended to bring about forgiveness for a wide variety of sins and unintentional mistakes that were not specifically covered by the other sacrifices discussed in the first seven chapters of Leviticus. The sacrifice required a perfect, male animal that would be completely burned on the altar over a fire that was to be kept burning continually (see [6:9–13](../06/09.md) for more details ). The sacrifice, when accepted by Yahweh, would provide "atonement" for the individual who offered it. \n\n- 2) The “gift” or “offering made by fire”\nThe word translated "gift" in [1:9, 13, and 17](../01/09.md) is variously translated in modern English versions, usually with reference to ”an offering made by fire,” based on the word's presumed relationship with the word for ”fire.” However, some of the sacrifices referred to by this word are not burned on the altar (like the portions of the sacrifices that belonged to the priests in [7:30, 35–36](../07/30.md)), and many sacrifices, such as the purification offering, that are burned on the altar are not referred to by this term. Instead, this term simply refers to a "gift" offered to Yahweh that consists of food items. While you may see the phrase ”fire offering” or ”offering made by fire” in modern English translations, we suggest that you retain the term "gift." \n\n###Atonement\nThe word translated "atone" in the ULT is a technical term expressing the act of atonement that was carried out by the priest but always accomplished by Yahweh. Traditionally, it has been understood as a metaphor with the basic meaning of “to cover,” but more recently, some scholars have understood it to express the image of “to wipe.” If the former is correct, then the metaphor pictures the blood of the sacrifice as covering up the defiling impurity caused by sin. If the latter is correct, then the metaphor pictures the blood of the animal as a sort of ritual detergent that cleanses the person or object from the defiling presence of sin's impurity. Either way, the sacrifice offered by the priest on behalf of the individual or community is accepted in order to restore the relationship between the individual or community and Yahweh that has been damaged or defiled because of sin. This is why so many of the instructions concerning sacrifice end with the mention of the forgiveness of sins, which was the means by which the relationship with Yahweh could be restored. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]). \n\n###The importance of blood \nIn Leviticus 1, the "blood" of the animal is collected and applied via sprinkling or splattering to the sides of the altar upon which the burnt offering is placed (see [1:5, 11, 15](../01/05.md)). This act, as explained above, has been variously understood, but pictures the blood as cleansing the altar from the effects of sin. Blood was able to cleanse sacred space and God's people from the impurities of sin because of its ability to accomplish atonement by means of "the life" of the animal (see ([17:10–12](../17/10.md)). Because the blood contained "the life" of the animal, Yahweh forbade the eating of any animal blood (see ([7:26–27](../07/26.md), ([17:10–14](../17/10.md), and ([19:26](../19/26.md)). \n\n###Ritual or symbolic action\nThree actions in this chapter and throughout Leviticus are symbolic in nature and picture important theological realities. \n\n- 1) The language of "presenting" throughout this chapter means not only bringing the sacrifice to the altar or to the priest, but also displaying the sacrifice "to the face of Yahweh," that is, to Yahweh himself. This pictures the reality that these sacrifices were performed in the presence of Yahweh, literally in the vicinity of the sacred precincts where Yahweh lived among the Israelites while they were in the wilderness. \n\n- 2) This chapter features the symbolic act of laying one's hands on the head of the sacrificial animal. This action is linked to the acceptance of the animal as an appropriate sacrifice on the individual's behalf (see ([1:4](../01/04.md)). As a symbolic act, the laying of hands apparently identifies the individual with the animal he is offering. The implication seems to be that the person is ritually placing his sins on the sacrificial animal so that God will forgive the sins when the animal is sacrificed.\n\n- 3) The language of "causing the sacrifice to become smoke on the altar" pictures the sacrifice as being converted to smoke by the fire of the altar and arising to Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the pleasant aroma of the burning sacrifice. As such, the pleasant smell was either a sign that Yahweh approved the sacrifice and would atone for the individual's sins and forgive him, or it functioned as a necessary requirement for the acceptance of the individual's offering. \n\n##Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\nThis chapter includes three primary figures of speech that may prove difficult to translate but are important to understanding the chapter. These include 1) the phrase, "to the face of Yahweh," 2) the phrase, "a pleasing smell to Yahweh," and 3) the way of referring to the priests as "the sons of Aaron." \n\n###“To the face of Yahweh”\nThroughout this chapter and the book as a whole, the author of Leviticus uses the common idiom “to the face of Yahweh” as a metaphor that means “where Yahweh can see” or “in the sight” or “in the presence of Yahweh,” similar to the English preposition “before.” Sight, in turn, means attention, perspective, and judgment. In the context of Leviticus, "in the presence" or "sight of Yahweh" means to be within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting, either in the sense of the location directly in front of the tent in which Yahweh resided (see [1:3, 12](../01/03.md)), or in the sense of being in the presence of Yahweh within the precincts of the tent of meeting (see [1:5](../01/05.md)). You can translate either sense of this expression as “in the presence of Yahweh" or simply as ”before Yahweh.”\n\n###“Pleasing smell to Yahweh”\nAs mentioned previously, throughout this chapter, the priest is instructed to cause the sacrifice to become smoke on the altar. This refers to burning the sacrifice in a way that causes smoke to go up, picturing the sacrifice as being converted to pleasant-smelling smoke by the fire and arising to Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the smoke and be pleased. That the sacrifice was accompanied by the gift of the pleasant-smelling smoke of the sacrifice was apparently crucial to the acceptance of the offering as an appropriate sacrifice on the individual's behalf, as it is mentioned several times in this chapter (see [1:9, 13, 17](../01/09.md)). \n\n###"The sons of Aaron"\nThroughout Leviticus, but especially in this chapter, the priests are referred to by the expression "the sons of Aaron." Occasionally, the expression is "the sons of Aaron, the priests" (as in [1:5, 8, 11](../01/05.md)). Once in this chapter, the expression is altered to emphasize that it is Aaron who is the original priest, through the phrase "the sons of Aaron" (see 1:7](../01/07.md)). As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, at the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, the priests literally were the “sons of Aaron,” who was the first high priest. But the instructions in the book also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's descendants (with the exception of Leviticus chapters 8–10). Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, in your translation you could generally use the term “descendants,” which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors.\n\n##Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\nIn addition to these important figures of speech, this chapter features several translation difficulties, including 1) the unclear referent of pronouns, 2) the switching between second and third-person address, 3) the use of a verb and a related noun (cognate-accusatives), 4) the use of a future form to indicate a request or command, and 5) the use of specific, technical sacrificial language. \n\n###The referent of the pronouns\nThroughout this chapter, the author of Leviticus uses a third-person pronoun to refer to both the individual who offers the sacrifices and to the priest who performs the sacrifice. As such, it is often difficult (but not impossible) to infer which party performs which actions. In general, the sacrifice is presented to the priest, but the individual who presents the sacrifice is responsible for killing, properly butchering, and presenting the portions of the sacrificial animal to the priest, who will then arrange them on the altar's fire. The only exception to this pattern can be found in the instruction for offering a bird ([1:14–17](../01/14.md)), which specifies that it is the priest who brings the bird to the altar ([1:14](../01/14.md)) before, presumably, completing the preparation for its being burned on the altar as a burnt offering. When there is ambiguity in which party is the proper referent of the pronoun, the notes will specify who is being referred to. \n\n###Second and third-person address\nThe entirety of chapters 1 through 7 are written as direct addresses to the people of God through Moses. As mentioned previously, chapter 1 describes two hypothetical scenarios when an individual might offer three variations of the burnt offering. However, the form of the verb used to refer to the individual in this chapter varies in the second verse ([1:2](../01/02.md)). Initially, Yahweh addresses "a man from you" in the third-person, but then switches to a second-person address ("you shall offer") to indicate the imperatival force of the statement. The ensuing string of third-person verbs ([1:3–17](../01/03.md)) carry the same imperatival weight of the initial second-person verb. Thus, because in this chapter "his" and "he" refer to the person bringing an offering to Yahweh, it can be translated in the second person as it is in [1:2](../01/02.md) and as modeled by the UST. The pronoun used to refer to the individual who offers the sacrifice switches as follows:\n\n- Third-person: ”When a man from you, when he presents” ([1:2](../01/02.md))\n- Second-person: ”you shall present” ([1:2](../01/02.md))\n- Third-person: ”If his offering” ([1:3–17](../01/03.md))\n\nAs previously discussed, if the switch from third-person forms to second-person and back would be confusing in your language, consider using either the second or third-person forms throughout. The UST models use second-person forms for the entirety of this chapter, but the notes will often offer translation possibilities with third-person alternatives. \n\n###The use of a verb with a related noun (Cognate-accusatives)\nFor emphasis, the author of Leviticus often uses a verb with a related noun. In this chapter, the verb "to present" is related to the noun translated "offering." If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate in this context to repeat these words in a similar manner. \n\n###The use of a future form to indicate a command\nOften in this chapter and throughout the first seven chapters of Leviticus, a future form will be used to indicate a command or instruction. For example, Lev 1:2 says, "you shall present your offering.” This is equivalent to saying, "you should present” or ”you must present.” Throughout these chapters, these forms could be translated with a modal form, as the UST models, or simply with an imperative or instruction form. \n 1:1 y78a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד 1 The author of Leviticus is using the possessive to describe Yahweh's **meeting** with Moses (and, by extension, the whole people) within the physical location of the **tent.** If this is not clear in your language, you could use an adjective that better describes the locale of divine presence. Alternative translation: “from the tent where Yahweh met with Moses and lived among the Israelites” 1:1 zbz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. -1:1-2 rivr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel and to say to them” -1:2 l7kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes that Moses is to deliver the following speech to the people of Israel. (The speech makes up the rest of the book except for the last verse.) If your language does not use repetition for emphasis, you could use a single phrase and convey the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Make sure you say to the people of Israel” +1:1-2 rivr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel and to say to them” +1:2 l7kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes that Moses is to deliver the following speech to the people of Israel. (The speech makes up the first seven chapters of the book.) If your language does not use repetition for emphasis, you could use a single phrase and convey the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Make sure you say to the people of Israel” 1:2 o3rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 This expression speaks of the people of Israel in the time of Moses as if they were literally the **sons** of Israel. It means that they are the physical and spiritual descendants of Jacob, whose name God changed to Israel. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” 1:2 jqkz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 Although the word translated **sons** is masculine and plural, it has a generic sense that applies to both men and women. In your translation, you may wish to use a term that is clearly inclusive of men and women. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” 1:2 fjhs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, here and throughout the book, the author of Leviticus uses a future form to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these verbs using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “and say” -1:2 aps3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אָדָ֗ם & מִ⁠כֶּ֛ם 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address to them. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. Alternate translation: “One of you Israelites”\n -1:2 yiq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֗ם 1 Although the word translated **A man** is masculine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. Alternate translation: “A person” or “Someone” -1:2 gmsf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular מִ⁠כֶּ֛ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. The word applies to the entire Israelite community. Use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. -1:2 dlfh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry אָדָ֗ם כִּֽי־יַקְרִ֥יב מִ⁠כֶּ֛ם קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 The word **presents** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **offering**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. +1:2 yiq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֗ם כִּֽי־יַקְרִ֥יב מִ⁠כֶּ֛ם 1 Although the word translated **A man** is masculine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. Alternate translation: “When one of you presents” or “When someone presents” +1:2 aps3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אָדָ֗ם & מִ⁠כֶּ֛ם & תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ אֶת־קָרְבַּנְ⁠כֶֽם׃ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address to them. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could either (1) use the second person in your translation. Alternate translation: “One of you Israelites ... you shall present your offering” or (2) use the third person in your translation. Alternate translation: “An Israelite ... he shall present his offering”\n +1:2 gmsf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular מִ⁠כֶּ֛ם & תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ אֶת־קָרְבַּנְ⁠כֶֽם׃ 1 The words **you** and **your** here are plural. These words apply to the entire Israelite community. Use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +1:2 dlfh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry יַקְרִ֥יב & קָרְבָּ֖ן 1 The word **presents** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **offering**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. 1:2 kqu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֗ה & הַ⁠בָּקָר֙ & הַ⁠צֹּ֔אן 1 The expressions **the livestock**, **the cattle**, and **the flock** do not refer to specific groups of animals. They describe any groups of animals that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his livestock … his cattle … his flock” 1:2 uwp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִן־הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֗ה 1 The word translated **livestock** refers generally to land animals as opposed to birds or fish. In the context of Leviticus, it refers specifically to domesticated bovines, sheep, goats, and all other animals used for commercial and agrarian purposes, including work and food. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “from the animals he is raising” 1:2 fp0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִן־הַ⁠בָּקָר֙ 1 The word translated **cattle** refers to a subgroup of the word translated **livestock**. It describes a group of bovines—whether cows, bulls, or oxen. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “either from his bovines” 1:2 zd59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֔אן 1 The word translated **flock** refers to a subgroup of the word translated **livestock**. It describes a group of sheep or goats. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “or from his sheep or goats” 1:2 a09b תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ 1 Alternate translation: “you must present” 1:3 bgfy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבָּנ⁠וֹ֙ & יַקְרִיבֶ֑⁠נּוּ & יַקְרִ֣יב 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The ULT translates with the noun **offering** and the verb **present**. Your language may have comparable terms that you can use in your own translation. -1:3 dek9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Alternate translation: “you shall present a perfect male” +1:3 dek9 זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Alternate translation: “he shall present a perfect male” 1:3 tdgu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the phrase **a perfect male** here refers to a male bovine that is an exemplary representative of its species. Alternate translation: “an unblemished male” or "a male without blemish" -1:3 ds3f rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-result זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶ֑⁠נּוּ אֶל־פֶּ֝תַח אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ יַקְרִ֣יב אֹת֔⁠וֹ לִ⁠רְצֹנ֖⁠וֹ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 The word translated **for** indicates the result of offering a sacrifice in the manner prescribed here. If it would be more natural in your language, you could put the last of these phrases first, since the last phrase gives the reason for the actions that the first two phrases describe. Alternate translation: “In order for Yahweh to consider the offering acceptable, he shall present a perfect male at the entrance of the tent of meeting”\n -1:3 l23i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠רְצֹנ֖⁠וֹ 1 The word translated **its** could refer to: (1) the offering. Alternate translation: “for the acceptance of the sacrifice” or (2) the worshiper. Alternate translation: “for the acceptance of the one offering the sacrifice” +1:3 ds3f rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-goal זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶ֑⁠נּוּ אֶל־פֶּ֝תַח אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ יַקְרִ֣יב אֹת֔⁠וֹ לִ⁠רְצֹנ֖⁠וֹ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 The word translated **for** indicates the goal or purpose for offering a sacrifice in the manner prescribed here. If it would be more natural in your language, you could put the last of these phrases first, since the last phrase gives the reason for the actions that the first two phrases describe. Alternate translation: “in order for Yahweh to consider the offering acceptable, he shall present a perfect male at the entrance of the tent of meeting”\n +1:3 l23i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠רְצֹנ֖⁠וֹ 1 The word translated **its** could refer to (1) the offering. Alternate translation: “for the acceptance of the animal” or (2) the worshiper. Alternate translation: “for the acceptance of the one offering the animal” 1:3 wwof rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, in contexts such as this, the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means “where Yahweh can see” and, by extension, “from Yahweh’s perspective” or “in Yahweh’s judgment.” Alternate translation: “from Yahweh’s perspective” or “in Yahweh's judgment” or “before Yahweh” -1:4 n7j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֣ךְ יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. The implication seems to be that the person is ritually placing his sins on the sacrificial animal so that God will forgive the sins when the animal is sacrificed. +1:3 r66a 1 Alternate translation: “But the rest of the meat and bread” +1:4 n7j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֣ךְ יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. The implication seems to be that the person is ritually placing his sins on the sacrificial animal so that God will forgive the sins when the animal is sacrificed. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “And he shall lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering. He should do this to ritually place his sins on the animal” 1:4 el3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִרְצָ֥ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will accept it” -1:4 mygh rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽי⁠ו 1 The words **in order to** introduce the purpose of laying hands on the sacrificial animal. Use an expression in your language that makes it clear that what follows is the purpose. -1:4 rvk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽי⁠ו 1 The word translated **atonement** may have originally indicated either the “covering” or the “wiping away” of sin. Either way, by the time of Leviticus it indicated that the sacrifice would be accepted in order to restore the relationship between the worshiper and Yahweh that had been damaged or defiled by sin. Consider using a word or phrase that coveys this idea effectively in your language. Alternative translation: “to restore him to relationship with Yahweh” +1:4 mygh rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽי⁠ו 1 The words **in order to** introduce the purpose of the animal's acceptance as an appropriate sacrifice. Use an expression in your language that makes it clear that what follows is the purpose. +1:4 rvk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽי⁠ו 1 For the metaphors potentially lying behind the idea of **atonement**, refer back to the General Introduction to Leviticus. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **atonement**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to restore him to a relationship with Yahweh” 1:5 bs53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶת־בֶּ֥ן הַ⁠בָּקָ֖ר 1 The expression **son of** describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. Here the phrase describes this animal as **the son of the cattle** because it is a male animal that shares the distinguishing qualities characteristic of the class of bovines. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the bull” or “the bovine” -1:5 fgym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +1:5 fgym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in Yahweh's presence” or “within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” 1:5 sudx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, at the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, the priests literally were **the sons of Aaron**. But the instructions in the book also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants” (with the exception of Leviticus chs. 8–10). Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, in your translation you could generally use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. 1:5 qcc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠⁠הִקְרִיבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן הַֽ⁠כֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 It is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “And after catching the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal, the sons of Aaron, the priests, will present the blood to Yahweh” -1:5 d5hh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠זָרְק֨וּ אֶת־הַ⁠דָּ֤ם עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ סָבִ֔יב אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד 1 Splashing **the blood** on the sides of **the altar** is a symbolic action. The blood of the animal, being its life (see [Leviticus 17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. Here, the blood is splashed against the side of the altar to keep it free from sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “and they shall splash the blood all around on the holy altar that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting in order to keep the altar clean from sin” -1:6 u7di rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠הִפְשִׁ֖יט 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the person making the offering. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make the subject explicit. You could also keep using a second-person pronoun if you have been doing that. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice shall skin” or, using the second-person, “And you shall skin” -1:6 cshr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נִתַּ֥ח אֹתָ֖⁠הּ לִ⁠נְתָחֶֽי⁠הָ 1 The author of Leviticus assumes his audience will know what portions of the animal constituted **its pieces**. These would have included, but perhaps not have been limited to, the legs and entrails, as [1:9](../01/09.md) suggests. If the phrase **its pieces** would not be clear in your context, consider listing what pieces these are. Alternate translation: “and he shalll cut it into its appropriate portions, removing the legs and entrails” -1:7 tm1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֠⁠נָתְנוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֵ֖שׁ עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 The expression to **give fire on the altar** means “to light a fire on top of the altar.” It may mean that the priests were to place hot coals on the altar and perhaps kindling, on top of which they would place the wood. If the phrase **give fire** does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an expression in your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron the priest shall light a fire on the altar” +1:5 d5hh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠זָרְק֨וּ אֶת־הַ⁠דָּ֤ם עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ סָבִ֔יב אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד 1 The act of splashing **the blood** on the sides of **the altar** is a ritual action. The blood of the animal, being its life (see [Leviticus 17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. Here, the blood is splashed against the side of the altar to keep it free from sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “and they shall splash the blood all around on the holy altar that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting in order to keep the altar clean from sin” +1:6 u7di rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִפְשִׁ֖יט 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the person making the offering. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make the subject explicit. You could also keep using a second-person pronoun if you have been doing that. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice shall skin” +1:6 cshr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נִתַּ֥ח אֹתָ֖⁠הּ לִ⁠נְתָחֶֽי⁠הָ 1 The author of Leviticus assumes his audience will know what portions of the animal constituted **its pieces**. These would have included, but perhaps not been limited to, the legs and entrails, as [1:9](../01/09.md) suggests. If the phrase **its pieces** would not be clear in your context, consider listing what pieces these are. Alternate translation: “and he shall cut it into its appropriate portions, removing the legs and entrails” +1:6 h71g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠נִתַּ֥ח אֹתָ֖⁠הּ לִ⁠נְתָחֶֽי⁠הָ׃ 1 This expression is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that come from the same root. The word **cut** translates a verb that comes from the same root as the noun **pieces**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. +1:7 tm1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֠⁠נָתְנוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֵ֖שׁ עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 The expression to **give fire on the altar** means “to put a fire on top of the altar.” It may mean that the priests were to place hot coals on the altar and perhaps kindling, on top of which they would place the wood. If the phrase **give fire** does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an expression in your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron the priest will light a fire on the altar” +1:7 o3og rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֖שׁ & הָ⁠אֵֽשׁ׃ 1 Here, the word **fire** represents the coals that produce fire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “burning coals ... those burning coals” or “live coals ... those live coals” 1:8 egek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֑דֶר 1 The term **fat** refers to suet, that is, the hard, lumpy fat that surrounds the kidneys and liver of sheep, goats, and bovines. If your language has a word for this portion of fatty tissue, consider using it here.\n\n 1:9 y5xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וְ⁠קִרְבּ֥⁠וֹ וּ⁠כְרָעָ֖י⁠ו יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּ⁠מָּ֑יִם 1 It might seem that the expression **and he shall wash its innards and its legs with water** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And he shall wash its innards and its legs”\n -1:9 b3s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns יִרְחַ֣ץ\n 1 The pronoun **he** could refer either to the worshiper or to the priest. But given that every other reference to the priest has been explicit, it is likely that it refers to the worshiper. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit or continue using the same second-person pronoun used thus far. Alternate translation: “the one offering the sacrifice shall wash” or, in the second-person, “you shall wash”\n -1:9 f91i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns יִרְחַ֣ץ 1 The implication seems to be that the worshiper must **wash** the **innards** and **legs** before the priest arranges them on the wood, as verse 8 describes. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “before the priest arranges the pieces, the one offering the sacrifice shall wash” or, in the second-person, “before the priest arranges the pieces, you shall wash” -1:9 tnez rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־הַ⁠כֹּל֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 The act of burning the offering in such a way that it rises as smoke is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause everything on the altar to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” +1:9 b3s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִרְחַ֣ץ 1 The pronoun **he** could refer either to the worshiper or to the priest. But given that every other reference to the priest has been explicit, it is likely that it refers to the worshiper. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit or continue using the same second-person pronoun used thus far. Alternate translation: “the one offering the sacrifice shall wash”\n +1:9 f91i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִרְחַ֣ץ 1 The implication seems to be that the worshiper must **wash** the **innards** and **legs** before the priest arranges them on the wood, as [1:8](../01/08.md) describes. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “before the priest arranges the pieces, the one offering the sacrifice shall wash” +1:9 tnez rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־הַ⁠כֹּל֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 The act of burning the offering in such a way that it rises as smoke allows for the sacrifice to go up to Yahweh in heaven, where he would then smell the smoke and be pleased. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause everything on the altar to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” 1:10 e4nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֨אן & מִן־הַ⁠כְּשָׂבִ֛ים א֥וֹ מִן־הָ⁠עִזִּ֖ים 1 The expressions, **the flock**, **the lambs**, and **the goats**, do not refer to specific groups of animals. They describe any groups of animals that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from his flock, whether from his sheep or from his goats” 1:10 xwnf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים 1 See how you translated the expression **a perfect male** in [1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “an unblemished male” or “a male without blemish” -1:11 k2uc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” -1:12 q6a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠נִתַּ֤ח אֹת⁠וֹ֙ 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice shall cut it” or, in the second-person, “And you shall cut it” +1:11 k2uc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +1:11 uqy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠זָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־דָּמ֛⁠וֹ עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 See how you handled the symbolic action involving the **blood** in [1:5](../01/05.md). +1:12 q6a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נִתַּ֤ח אֹת⁠וֹ֙ 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice shall cut it” +1:12 zxh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠נִתַּ֤ח אֹת⁠וֹ֙ לִ⁠נְתָחָ֔י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:6](../01/06.md). +1:12 cmv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־הָֽ⁠עֵצִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָ⁠אֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ 1 See how you translated the word **fire** in [1:7](../01/03.md). 1:13 bky3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּ⁠מָּ֑יִם 1 See how you translated the expression **wash with water** in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “he shall wash thoroughly” -1:13 cztr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּרָעַ֖יִם יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּ⁠מָּ֑יִם 1 The implication seems to be that the worshiper must **wash** the **innards** and **legs** before the priest arranges them on the altar, as [1:12](../01/12.md) describes. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Before the priest arranges the pieces, the one offering the sacrifice shall wash the innards and legs with water” or “Before the priest arranges the pieces, you shall wash the innards and legs with water” -1:13 mf7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 The act of burning the offering in such a way that it rises as smoke is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and he shall cause everything to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward God in heaven” -1:13 hpef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “and that same priest shall cause everything to become smoke on the altar ” +1:13 cztr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠קֶּ֥רֶב וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּרָעַ֖יִם יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּ⁠מָּ֑יִם 1 The implication seems to be that the worshiper must **wash** the **innards** and **legs** before the priest arranges them on the altar, as [1:12](../01/12.md) describes. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Before the priest arranges the pieces, the one offering the sacrifice shall wash the innards and legs with water” +1:13 mf7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 The act of burning the offering in such a way that it rises as smoke depicts the sacrifice as going up to Yahweh in heaven, where he would then smell the smoke and be pleased. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and he shall cause everything to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward God in heaven” +1:13 hpef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 The pronoun **he** refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “and that same priest shall cause them to become smoke on the altar” 1:14 kfag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הָ⁠ע֛וֹף & מִן־הַ⁠תֹּרִ֗ים א֛וֹ מִן־בְּנֵ֥י הַ⁠יּוֹנָ֖ה 1 The expressions **from the birds**, **from the turtledoves**, and **from the sons of the pigeon** do not refer to specific birds, that is, to a specific group of turtledoves or pigeons. Rather, these expressions describe any birds (that is, any turtledoves or pigeons) that an Israelite might own or be able to purchase for sacrifice. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from his birds … from his turtledoves or from his pigeons” -1:14 c42w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִן־בְּנֵ֥י הַ⁠יּוֹנָ֖ה 1 The expression **sons of** describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. The author of Leviticus uses this phrase to describe a group of birds as **the sons of the pigeon** since they were birds that shared the essential qualities of that class of bird. If it would be helpful, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the pigeons” -1:15 sggt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to rise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and he shall cause everything to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward God in heaven” -1:15 kk8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וּ⁠מָלַק֙ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous and could refer to either the worshiper or to **the priest**. However, because it is explicitly **the priest** who brings the sacrificial bird to the altar before it is sacrificed and prepared for burning, it is likely that throughout this verse and the next one, the pronoun **he** refers to the **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “and that same priest should twist off its head” -1:15 v06b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 As the previous note explains, the pronoun **he** refers to the priest. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and that same priest shall cause everything to become smoke on the altar” -1:15 etrw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 The object that is to be burned on the altar is not specified. However, because the blood has not yet been removed from the sacrificial bird and the burning of blood is expressly forbidden in Leviticus, it seems likely that the supplied pronoun **it** here refers to **the head** of the bird. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and he should cause the head that he removed to become smoke on the altar” -1:15 sur7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִמְצָ֣ה דָמ֔⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the priest should drain its blood” -1:16 x2cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠הֵסִ֥יר 1 The pronoun **he** refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall remove” +1:14 c42w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִן־בְּנֵ֥י הַ⁠יּוֹנָ֖ה 1 The expression **sons of** describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. The author of Leviticus uses this phrase to describe a group of birds as **the sons of the pigeon** since they were birds that shared the essential qualities of that class of birds. If it would be helpful, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the pigeons” +1:15 sggt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to rise depicts the sacrifice as going to God in heaven, where he would smell the smoke and be pleased. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and he shall cause it to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward God in heaven” +1:15 kk8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וּ⁠מָלַק֙ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous and could refer to either the worshiper or **the priest**. However, because it is explicitly **the priest** who brings the bird to the altar before it is sacrificed and prepared for burning, it is likely that throughout this verse and the next one, the pronoun **he** refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “and that same priest shall twist off its head” +1:15 v06b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 As the previous note explains, the pronoun **he** refers to the priest. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and that same priest shall cause everything to become smoke on the altar” +1:15 etrw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 The object that is to be burned on the altar is not specified. However, because the blood has not yet been removed from the bird and the burning of blood is expressly forbidden in Leviticus, it seems likely that the supplied pronoun **it** here refers to **the head** of the bird. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and he shall cause the head that he removed to become smoke on the altar” +1:15 sur7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִמְצָ֣ה דָמ֔⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the priest shall drain its blood” +1:16 x2cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הֵסִ֥יר 1 The pronoun **he** refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall remove” 1:16 zqs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־ מֻרְאָת֖⁠וֹ 1 A **craw** is a pouch in a bird’s throat where pre-digested food is stored. If your language has its own term for this anatomical feature, consider using that word here. If not, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the bird’s throat pouch” -1:16 x63v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠הִשְׁלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜⁠הּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the **craw**, but since the worshiper is supposed to **throw it beside the altar** along with the **feathers**, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural pronoun “them,” as modeled by the UST. -1:16 of8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠הִשְׁלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜⁠הּ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous, but appears to continue the action taken by **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the priest shall throw it” +1:16 x63v rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִשְׁלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜⁠הּ 1 The word **it** refers to the **craw**, but since the worshiper is supposed to **throw it beside the altar** along with the **feathers**, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural pronoun “them,” as modeled by the UST. +1:16 of8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִשְׁלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜⁠הּ 1 The word **he** is ambiguous, but appears to continue the action taken by **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the priest shall cast it” 1:16 zb2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מְק֖וֹם הַ⁠דָּֽשֶׁן 1 The **place of the fatty ashes** is the specified spot where the priest would dump the ashes that had accumulated from previous sacrifices, along with the rendered fat from the altar. If your language has a technical term for such a place, consider using it here. If not, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the spot where the ashes and the burnt fat are dumped” or “the location where the ashes and the burnt fat are dumped” -1:17 zxzv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠שִׁסַּ֨ע אֹת֣⁠וֹ 1 Given the action taken by the priest in 1:15 and 16, the pronoun **he** likely refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall tear it open” +1:17 zxzv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְ⁠שִׁסַּ֨ע אֹת֣⁠וֹ 1 Given the action taken by the priest in [1:15-16](../01/15.md), the pronoun **he** likely refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall tear it open” 1:17 ua00 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns לֹ֣א יַבְדִּיל֒ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous but likely refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “the priest shall not divide it” -1:17 bxu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר אֹת֤⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה עַל־הָ⁠עֵצִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָ⁠אֵ֑שׁ 1 The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to rise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause everything to become smoke on the altar, on the wood that is on the fire, and ascend towards God in heaven” -1:17 y4aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 The author of Leviticus describes Yahweh accepting the sacrifice, using the image of Yahweh enjoying the pleasant-smelling smoke that rises from the burnt offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the same idea in another way. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). +1:17 bxu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר אֹת֤⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה עַל־הָ⁠עֵצִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָ⁠אֵ֑שׁ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause it to become smoke on the altar, on the wood that is on the fire, and ascend towards God in heaven” 2:intro t6wy 0 # Leviticus 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about how to make a grain offering. The **and** of 2:1 indicates that the instructions of Lev 1 are continuing. Yahweh continues telling Moses how the people should offer sacrifices. In outline form, the structure of the chapter can be displayed as follows: \n\n- 1) The Grain Offering (2:1–16)\n - I. Offerings of Raw Flour (2:1–3)\n - II. Offerings that are Baked, Pan-Fried, or Deep-Fried (2:4–10)\n - i. Baked (2:4)\n - ii. Pan-Fried on the Griddle (2:5–6)\n - iii. Deep-Fried in a Pan (2:7)\n - iv. Instruction for Offering (2:8–10)\n - III. Instructions regarding Leaven, Honey, and Salt (2:11–13)\n - i. Prohibition against burning leaven or honey (2:11–12)\n - ii. Prescription for including salt (2:13)\n - IV. Offerings of Grains (2:14–16)\n\n##Translation Issues in this Chapter\n### The number and person of pronouns\nIn the address to the Israelites, the author of Leviticus is known for abuptly switching the person, number, and occassionaly gender, of pronouns and verbal forms that refer to the person offering sacrifices. In chapter 1, it was suggested that any third-person singular pronouns that refer to the worshiper (and not to the priest) could be changed to second-person plural pronouns, based on the nature of the direct address and the presence of a second-person plural pronoun in [1:2](../01/02.md) and several times in the current chapter.\n\nThe pronouns referring to the worshiper switch person, gender, and number frequently. Verses 1–3 address the worshiper with a third-person singular pronoun. This swiches to the second-person, singular pronoun in 2:4–8. The worshiper is addressed in the third-person in verse 8, but verse 11 marks a shift to the second-person, this time in the plural. The plural pronouns continue throughout verses 11 and 12, but the author of Leviticus swtiches back to the second-person singular from verse 13 to the end of the chapter.\n\n1. Third-Person (2:1–3)\n- "...when a person [third-person, feminine singular] presents..." (2:1)\n- "...his [third-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:1)\n- "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] shall pour ..." (2:1)\n- "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] shall put..." (2:1)\n- "...and he [third-person, masculine singular] shall bring..." (2:2)\n\n\n2. Second-Person (2:4–8)\n- "And if you [second-person, masculine singular] present..." (2:4)\n- "And if your [second-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:5)\n- "Piece [second-person, singular imperative] it..." (2:6)\n- "...and you [second-person, masculine singular] shall pour..." (2:6)\n- "And if your [second-person, masculine singular] offering..." (2:7)\n- "And you [second-person, masculine singular] shall bring..." (2:8)\n\n\n3. Third-Person (2:8–10)\n- "And he [third-person, masculine singular] shall present..." (2:8)\n\n\n4. Second-Person (2:11–15)\n- "Any grain offering that you [second-person, masculine plural] present..." (2:11)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine plural] shall not cause to become smoke..." (2:11)\n- "You [second-person, masculine plural] shall present..." (2:12)\n- "...your [second-person, masculine singular] grain offerings..." (2:13)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] shall salt..." (2:13)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] shall not omit..." (2:13)\n- "...the covenant of your [second-person, masculine singular] God..." (2:13)\n- "...your [second-person, masculine singular] offerings..." (2:13)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] shall present..." (2:13)\n- "And if you [second-person, masculine singular] present..." (2:14)\n- "...you [second-person, masculine singular] shall present..." (2:14)\n- "...your [second-person, masculine singular] first ripe grains..." (2:14)\n- "And you [second-person, masculine singular] shall put..." (2:15)\n- "...and you [second-person, masculine singular] shall place..." (2:15)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\nThis chapter introduces several key concepts that are relevant to proper translation, including the sacrifice of the **grain offering**, including the offering of **flour**, **oil**, and **incense**, the concept of the **memorial portion**, and the identification of **yeast** and **leaven**. \n\n### Grain offering\nThe **grain offering** was a specialized sacrifice consisting of an offering of harvest grain, usually wheat or barley. The grain offering sometimes accompanied the burnt offering (see [14:20](../14/20.md)), but it is unclear whether the grain offering provided atonement by itself, or whether it could only accomplish atonement when presented with the burnt offering or as a substitute for the purification offering for those who could not afford the animals required for that sacrifice (see [5:11–13](../05/11.md)). In any case, the grain offering could be offered ”dry“ (that is, not mixed with olive oil, see [7:10](../07/010.md)) or mixed with olive oil, or it could be baked in an oven or prepared in a griddle or pan. If the offering of grain was something baked in an oven, the prescribed offering consisted of a **loaf of unleavened bread** that had been made by kneading the flour with olive oil or a **wafer** that had been copiously covered in olive oil (see [2:4](../02/04.md)). Alternatively, grain offerings could be prepared by pan-frying the flour and olive oil on a **griddle** ([2:5](../02/05.md)) or deep-frying the flour and olive oil in a **pan** ([2:7](../02/07.md)). Furthermore, crushed portions of fresh grain that had been roasted with fire constituted an acceptable grain offer (see [2:14–16](../02/14.md)). A portion of the offering was crumbled and completely burned on the altar, resulting in pleasant-smelling smoke that rose to Yahweh in heaven. The remainder of the grain offering, however, belonged to the priests and the male descendants of Aaron for food (see [2:3, 10](../02/03.md) and [7:14–18](../07/14.md)). \n\n### Flour\nThe term translated **flour** in the ULT and **wheat flour** in the UST is the agricultural product made from the production of wheat grains (see [Exodus 29:2](../exod/29/02.md), and [2 Kings 7:16](../2kgs/07/16.md), where is it contrasted with barley). However, according to some rabbinic sources, the precise commodity referred to in this chapter and elsewhere in Leviticus is the large chunks of crushed grains that remain in the sieve after the grains have been dried, winnowed, and crushed. Since “flour” would connote the fine powder that falls through the sieve, what remains is more accurately called “grits” or “semolina” (see [1 Kings 5:2](../1kgs/05/02.md), where “grits” or “semolina” is contrasted with “flour”). However, since this culinary term is not present in many cultures, the term “flour” has been retained. We suggest that you use in your translation whatever word your language has to describe the large chunks of crushed grains that remain in the sieve after the grains have been dried, winnowed, and crushed. \n\n###Oil\nThe term translated **oil** in the ULT and **olive oil** in the UST refers to the agricultural product made from crushing large quantities of olives into a fine, smooth oil. This oil was used for cooking and baking (see [2:4–7](../02/04.md)) and for providing fuel for lanterns (see [Exod 35:8, 14–15](../exod/35/08.md)), but also retained symbolic importance as a way of anointing and dedicating sacred object (see [Genesis 28:18](../gen/28/18.md)), priests (see [Exodus 29:7](../exod/29/07.md) and [Leviticus 8:12, 30](../08/12.md) and [Leviticus 21:10](../21/10.md)), and kings (see [1 Samuel 10:1](../1sam/10/01.md) and [1 Sam 16:13](../1sam/16/13.md)). In this chapter, in addition to being present in most of the grain offerings, olive oil was presented with the grain offering in whatever form it took. \n\n###Incense\nScholarly sources suggest that the substance that was burned in ritual spaces for its fragrance was an expensive fragrant gum-resin tapped from three species of the Boswellia tree native only to southern Arabia (see Jer 6:20) and Somaliland. The burning of this substance was required with all grain offering, regardless of the manner of their preparation. Apparently, because both grain offerings and animal offerings provided a pleasing aroma to Yahweh, the addition of incense with the grain offering was to distinguish them from the animal sacrifices or burnt offerings (see chapter 1. Whereas the olive oil was to be poured all over the grain offerings, the incense was to be “placed” on top of it, apparently in a large lump. Then the raw flour (or other kind of grain offering) would be mixed together with the olive oil and the lump of incense in the priest’s hand as he took a large handful ([2:2](../02/02.md)). These ingredient would then be completely burned on the altar and converted into pleasant-smelling smoke, which, when it went up to Yahweh, would “please” Yahweh and so mark the completion of an acceptable sacrifice. \n\n###The memorial portion\nThe **memorial portion** of the grain offering refers to the portion that the priest designates will be burned completely on the altar as a sacrifice to Yahweh, as opposed to the portion which will remain over as food for the priests to eat. In the offering was raw flour, the priest would lift out a handful of the flour, mixed with olive oil, and all the incense that was place on it. If the offering was baked, pan-fried, or deep-fried, the priest would take a portion and crumble it on the altar. These portions that were designated to be burned on the altar constituted the **memorial protion** As such, this portion represented the entire offering by being completely burned on the altar. \n\n### Yeast and leaven\nIn Leviticus 2, the word **leaven** refers to a lump of dough made from flour and other common ingredients, usually salt and oil, that contains a live **leaven culture** as its raising agent in the form of wild, natural yeast. The term **yeast** refers to the microscopic organism consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. In the ancient world, **yeast** was a common household raising agent used in the baking of bread. However, because store-bought, commercial yeast in the form of a dried, deactivated culture that is routinely added to individual batches of dough is a modern invention, the ULT has chosen the less anachronistic term **leaven culture**. This term reflects the slow process of growing wild, naturally occurring yeast from a single, small batch of dough, forming a **leaven** that would be added to other larger batches of dough. The wild yeast in the **leaven** would multiply and fill the rest of the larger batch of dough until the entire batch was considered ”leavened.”\n\nIn Leviticus, grain offerings, whether baked or fried, that were made using **leaven** or included **leaven culture** were expressly forbidden to be burned on the altar, along with grain offerings made with honey. Instead, as Lev 2:12 expresses, grain offerings that included either **leaven culture** or **honey** could be offered as firstfruit offerings that were not burned on the altar. Eating or baking with **leaven** is proscribed during the events of the first Passover in Egypt before the Exodus and, specifically, during the annual festival of Unleavened Bread (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]). Yahweh informs Moses that the practice of excluding **leaven** and **leaven culture** from one's diet should serve as a ”sign” and ”memorial” to the people of Israel that reminds them of God's mighty acts of salvation in the Exodus and encourages them to obey his commandements. (See Exodus 13:5-10). It should be noted that it was not always unlawful to eat food products made with **leaven** or **leaven culture**, but that the proscription only applied during special feasts and holidays associated with the Exodus. 2:1 dk2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה & קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **presents** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **offering**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. -2:1 c9yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה & קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. Alternate translation: “And when you bring a grain offering to Yahweh, your offering” +2:1 c9yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה & קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. 2:1 oa9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב 1 The word translated as **a person** is feminine, but it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. Alternate translation: “And when one of you presents” or “And when someone presents” -2:1 djff rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ 1 The term translated **a grain offering** refers to a sacrifice that consists of grain products, usually dried wheat or barley. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of agricultural product, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “an offering of dried wheat or barley produce” -2:1 ucvp קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “your offering” -2:1 te9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative סֹ֖לֶת יִהְיֶ֣ה קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠יָצַ֤ק עָלֶ֨י⁠הָ֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן וְ⁠נָתַ֥ן עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ לְבֹנָֽה׃ 1 As the General Introduction discusses, Leviticus often uses future statements to give instructions or commands. If it would be helpful in your language, here and throughout the book you could translate these future statements using command or instruction forms. Alternate translation: “his offering should be flour. And he should pour oil on it, and he should put incense on it” or, using the second person, “your offering should be flour. And you should pour oil on it, and you should put incense on it” +2:1 djff rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ 1 The expression **a grain offering** refers to a sacrifice that consists of grain products, usually dried wheat or barley. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of offering or this type of agricultural produce, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “an offering of dried wheat or barley produce” +2:1 te9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative סֹ֖לֶת יִהְיֶ֣ה קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠יָצַ֤ק עָלֶ֨י⁠הָ֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן וְ⁠נָתַ֥ן עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ לְבֹנָֽה׃ 1 As the General Introduction discusses, Leviticus often uses future statements to give instructions or commands. If it would be helpful in your language, here and throughout the book you could translate these future statements using command or instruction forms. Alternate translation: “his offering should be flour. And he should pour oil on it, and he should put incense on it” 2:1 tf2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown סֹ֖לֶת 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the term translated **flour** refers to the food product made from grinding roasted and dried grains of wheat. Here, **flour** could mean: (1) the finely ground grain that falls through a sieve when sifted. Alternate translation: “fine wheat flour” or (2) the large lumps of crushed grain that remain on top of a sieve when sifted. Alternate translation: “wheat semolina” 2:1 hdh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שֶׁ֔מֶן 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, **oil** here refers to the agricultural product made from pressing ripe olives. If your language has a specific word for this term, consider using it here. +2:1 v7wo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָתַ֥ן עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ לְבֹנָֽה׃ 1 The expression **he shall give incense to it** is an idiom that means to place or put incense on top of the grain offering. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and he shall put incense on it” 2:1 x1p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְבֹנָֽה 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **incense** refers to an expensive, fragrant gum resin tapped from specific trees. It would be routinely burned in ritual settings, such as grain offerings, for its fragrance. If your language has a word for this kind of religious item, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “a lump of frankincense” -2:2 b2x5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וֶֽ⁠הֱבִיאָ֗⁠הּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the grain offering, that is, the mixture of oil and wheat flour with the lump of incense, that [2:1](../02/01.md) describes. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring the mixture of flour, oil, and incense” or, in the second person, “And you should bring the mixture of flour, oil, and incense” +2:2 b2x5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וֶֽ⁠הֱבִיאָ֗⁠הּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the grain offering, that is, the mixture of oil and wheat flour with the lump of incense, that [2:1](../02/01.md) describes. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring the mixture of flour, oil, and incense” 2:2 fxgx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹן֮  1 See how you translated the same expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron” 2:2 z8gn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠קָמַ֨ץ מִ⁠שָּׁ֜ם מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצ֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **grab** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **handful**. The use of related words adds clarity to the statement. If your language can use related words for clarity and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. -2:2 ufqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠קָמַ֨ץ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous in the context and could refer either to **the priest** or the worshiper. However, based on the description in [2:9](../02/09.md), it is likely that **he** refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should grab” +2:2 ufqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠קָמַ֨ץ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous in the context and could refer either to **the priest** or the worshiper. However, based on the description in [2:9](../02/09.md), it is likely that **he** refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall grab” 2:2 zyrv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִ⁠סָּלְתָּ⁠הּ֙ וּ⁠מִ⁠שַּׁמְנָ֔⁠הּ עַ֖ל כָּל־לְבֹנָתָ֑⁠הּ 1 The pronoun translated **its** refers to the grain offering that [2:1](../02/01.md) describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could make the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “some of the flour and oil of the grain offering and all of the incense on it” -2:2 jwx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָ⁠הּ֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to rise is a symbolic act. It depicts the sacrifice as going up to God in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause the memorial portion to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward God in heaven” +2:2 jwx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָ⁠הּ֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause the memorial portion to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward God in heaven” 2:2 gdy0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 The pronoun translated **its** refers to the grain offering that [2:1](../02/01.md) describes. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the memorial portion of the grain offering” 2:3 uf6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים 1 Here, the phrase **a holy thing of holy things** uses the possessive form to describe an offering that should be considered even more holy than those offerings that are also called **holy**; it is set apart for the special use of the priests. If this form would not express the idea of unique holiness in your language, consider a more generic way to express this idea. Alternate translation: “a most holy offering” or “an exceptionally holy offering” -2:3 dtv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ס 1 In this possessive form, **Yahweh** is the object rather than the subject of **gifts**. That is, this does not mean gifts that Yahweh gives, it means gifts that are given to Yahweh. Alternative translation: “from the gifts that you present to Yahweh” +2:3 dtv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 In this possessive form, **Yahweh** is the object rather than the subject of **gifts**. That is, this does not mean gifts that Yahweh gives, it means gifts that are given to Yahweh. Alternative translation: “from the gifts that people offer to Yahweh” 2:4 ggpx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠כִ֥י תַקְרִ֛ב קָרְבַּ֥ן מִנְחָ֖ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [2:1](../02/01.md). 2:4 q954 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תַקְרִ֛ב 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, to this point the author of Leviticus has been using third-person singular pronouns. In this verse, the author of Leviticus starts using second-person singular pronouns. If you have been using the third-person pronouns and the switch to the second-person pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use the third-person pronouns in your translation. -2:4 q6ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר 1 The term **baked item** may seem like a passive verbal form that your language would not use. If so, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an item that you baked in the oven” -2:4 i7vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר 1 In the world of ancient Israel, an **oven** was a cylindrical object made of clay or clay. A wood fire was lit under or at the bottom portion of the oven, and the resulting heat would bake the dough inside. If your readers would not be familiar with what an oven is, you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture or you could use a general expression. -2:4 t9ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶן וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּ⁠שָּֽׁמֶן׃ס\n 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should mix flour of unleavened loaves with oil or you should anoint unleavened wafers with oil” -2:4 jr21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶן 1 This possessive form describes **flour** that has been kneaded and formed into **loaves** that, once baked, would consist of **unleavened bread**. If your language would not use a possessive form in this way, you could express the same meaning in another way. Alternative translation: “flour that you have mixed with oil and shaped into unleavened loaves” +2:4 q6ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר 1 The term **baked item** may seem like a passive verbal form that your language would not use. If so, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an item that you baked in the oven” or, in the third person: “an item that a person baked in the oven” +2:4 i7vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר 1 In the world of ancient Israel, an **oven** was a cylindrical object likely made of clay or rock. A wood fire was lit under or at the bottom portion of the oven, and the resulting heat would bake the dough inside. If your readers would not be familiar with what an oven is, you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture or you could use a general expression. +2:4 t9ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶן וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּ⁠שָּֽׁמֶן׃ס\n 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you shall mix flour of unleavened loaves with oil or you shall anoint unleavened wafers with oil” or, in the third person, “he shall mix flour of unleavened loaves with oil or he shall anoint unleavened wafers with oil” +2:4 jr21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶן 1 This possessive form describes **flour** that has been kneaded and formed into **loaves** that, once baked, would consist of **unleavened bread**. If your language would not use a possessive form in this way, you could express the same meaning in another way. Alternative translation: “flour that you have mixed with oil and shaped into unleavened loaves” or, in the third person, “flour that he mixed with oil and shaped into unleavened loaves” 2:4 nj1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠רְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת 1 This **wafer** was a thin, cracker-like cake made from wheat flour. If your language has a word for a breaded loaf of this kind, consider using it here. -2:5 ha7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אִם־ מִנְחָ֥ה עַל־ הַֽ⁠מַּחֲבַ֖ת קָרְבָּנֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **a grain offering on the griddle** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And if your offering is a grain offering that you have prepared on a griddle” +2:5 ha7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אִם־ מִנְחָ֥ה עַל־ הַֽ⁠מַּחֲבַ֖ת קָרְבָּנֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **a grain offering on the griddle** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And if your offering is a grain offering that you have prepared on a griddle” or, in the third person, “And if his offering is a grain offering that he has prepared on a griddle” 2:5 qg9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַֽ⁠מַּחֲבַ֖ת 1 This **griddle** was a thick but shallow plate made of either clay or metal that was placed over a fire. The dough was placed on the shallow plate; the heat from the fire would cook or lightly fry or toast the dough on top of the plate. If your readers would not be familiar with what a griddle is, in your translation, you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. -2:5 pk7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַ⁠שֶּׁ֖מֶן מַצָּ֥ה תִהְיֶֽה׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should mix flour with oil and then shape it into unleavened loaves” -2:6 jmbo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָ⁠הּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **piece** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **pieces**. The use of related words adds clarity to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. +2:5 pk7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַ⁠שֶּׁ֖מֶן מַצָּ֥ה תִהְיֶֽה׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you shall mix flour with oil and then shape it into unleavened loaves” or, in the third person “he shall mix flour with oil and then shape it into unleavened loaves” +2:6 jmbo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָ⁠הּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **piece** translates a verb that comes from the same root as the noun **pieces**. The use of related words adds clarity and emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. 2:6 bq8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָ⁠הּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים 1 Here, the pronoun **it** refers to the grain offering, whether baked in an oven (see [2:4](../02/04.md)) or cooked on a griddle (see [2:5](../02/05.md)). It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Place either kind of grain offering into pieces” -2:7 b7fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אִם־ מִנְחַ֥ת מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת קָרְבָּנֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **a grain offering of a pan** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “a grain offering that you have prepared in a pan” +2:7 b7fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אִם־ מִנְחַ֥ת מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת קָרְבָּנֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **a grain offering of a pan** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And if your offering is a grain offering that you have prepared in a pan” or, in the third person, “And if his offering is a grain offering that he has prepared in a pan” 2:7 l1pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת 1 The word **pan** refers to a plate of metal or clay with rounded edges, possibly with a lid. This plate was deeper than the **griddle** described in [2:5](../02/05.md), and, as a result, the dough was placed into the pan and cooked over a hot fire in the oil, resulting in something like deep-frying. If your readers would not be familiar with what a pan is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. -2:7 s232 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֥לֶת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֖מֶן תֵּעָשֶֽׂה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should prepare flour with oil” -2:8 m5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הֵבֵאתָ֣ אֶת־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 The expression **to Yahweh** refers to bringing the sacrifice to the altar that was located at the entrance of the tent of meeting. Because of the altar's proximity to the inner tent of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites, bringing the offering to the altar was tantamount to bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And you shall bring the grain offering that is made from these things to the altar that is located at the entrance to the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” -2:8 vy42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you made from these” +2:7 s232 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֥לֶת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֖מֶן תֵּעָשֶֽׂה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should prepare flour with oil” or, in the third person, “he should prepare flour with oil” +2:8 m5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הֵבֵאתָ֣ אֶת־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 The expression **to Yahweh** refers to bringing the sacrifice to the altar that was located inside the tent of meeting. Because of the altar's proximity to the Holy of Holies where Yahweh lived among the Israelites, bringing the offering to the altar was considered bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And you shall bring the grain offering that is made from these things to the altar that is inside the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” or, in the third person, “And he shall bring the grain offering that is made from these things to the altar that is inside the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +2:8 vy42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you made from these” or, in the third person, “that he made from these” 2:8 bcuy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה 1 The phrase **from these** could mean: (1) the ingredients described in [2:4-7](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “from these ingredients” or (2) the methods described in [2:4-7](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “in these ways” -2:8 j9l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠הִקְרִיבָ⁠הּ֙ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point Leviticus switches from using second-person singular pronouns to using a third-person singular pronoun. If you have been using the second person in your translation and the switch to the third person would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use the second person here. Alternate translation: “And you shall present it” -2:9 ofof rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md) and [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “and he should burn the memorial portion on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” +2:8 j9l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠הִקְרִיבָ⁠הּ֙ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point Leviticus switches from using second-person singular pronouns to using a third-person singular pronoun. If you have been using the second person in your translation and the switch to the third person would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use the second person here. Alternatively, if you have been using third-person pronouns, you could continue to do so here. +2:9 ofof rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “and he shall burn it on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” 2:10 d8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “a most holy offering” or “an exceptionally holy offering” -2:10 c6hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [2:3](../02/03.md). Alternative translation: “from the gifts that you present to Yahweh” -2:11 r3y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־ הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א תֵעָשֶׂ֖ה חָמֵ֑ץ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not present to Yahweh any grain offering that you have made with leaven” -2:11 ldsh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חָמֵ֑ץ & שְׂאֹר֙ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **leaven** refers to dough made from flour and other ingredients, usually salt and oil, that contains a live **leaven culture** as its raising agent in the form of wild, natural yeast. If your readers would not be familiar with leaven and leaven culture, in your translation you could use the names of comparable substances in your culture, or you could use general expressions. Alternate translation: “with yeast … yeast” or “with a raising agent … a raising agent” -2:11 gjrt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 The word translated **For** indicates that what follows is the reason or grounds for what came before. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider using a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because” -2:11 n7g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ & לֹֽא־תַקְטִ֧ירוּ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point Leviticus starts using second-person plural forms. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer grain offerings at the altar located at the entrance to the tent of meeting. If you have been using second-person singular forms in your translation and the switch to the plural form would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use singular forms here. -2:11 dwkz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns מִמֶּ֛⁠נּוּ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Here, **it** refers to a **grain offering** that is designated to be burned on the offering as a sacrifice to Yahweh and, thus, will be considered a **gift** to Yahweh. If this is not clear in your language, consider making the referent of the pronoun explicit. Alternate translation: “from any grain offering that you present as a gift to Yahweh” +2:10 c6hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [2:3](../02/03.md). Alternative translation: “from the gifts that people offer to Yahweh” +2:11 r3y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־ הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א תֵעָשֶׂ֖ה חָמֵ֑ץ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not present to Yahweh any grain offering that you have made with leaven” or, in the third person, “He shall not present to Yahweh any grain offering that he has made with leaven” +2:11 n7g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ & לֹֽא־תַקְטִ֧ירוּ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point Leviticus starts using second-person plural forms. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer grain offerings at the altar located at the entrance to the tent of meeting. If you have been using second-person singular forms in your translation and the switch to the plural form would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use singular forms here. Alternatively, if you have been using third-person forms, you could continue to do so throughout this chapter. +2:11 ldsh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חָמֵ֑ץ & שְׂאֹר֙ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **leaven** refers to a combination of flour and water (and sometimes salt or oil) that contains a live **leaven culture** as its raising agent in the form of wild, natural yeast. If your readers would not be familiar with leaven or leaven culture, in your translation you could use the names of comparable substances in your culture, or you could use general expressions. Alternate translation: “with yeast … yeast” or “with a natural raising agent … natural raising agent” +2:11 gjrt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 The word translated **for** indicates that what follows is the reason or grounds for what came before. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider using a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “For this reason” +2:11 dwkz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns מִמֶּ֛⁠נּוּ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Here, **it** refers to a **grain offering** that is designated to be burned on the offering as a sacrifice to Yahweh and, thus, will be considered a **gift** to Yahweh. If this is not clear in your language, consider making the referent of the pronoun explicit. Alternate translation: “from such a grain offering that you present as a gift to Yahweh” or, in the third person, “from such a grain offering that people present as a gift to Yahweh” 2:12 mmz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבַּ֥ן רֵאשִׁ֛ית תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md), possibly using a verb and a noun that come from the same root in your language. -2:12 b9d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם 1 The pronoun **them** refers to grain offerings that are prepared with leaven or honey, as described in [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “You may offer grain offerings made with leaven or honey” +2:12 b9d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם 1 The pronoun **them** refers to grain offerings that are prepared with leaven or honey, as described in [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “You may offer grain offerings made with leaven or honey” or, in the third person, “Anyone may offer grain offerings made with leaven or honey” 2:12 ko94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קָרְבַּ֥ן רֵאשִׁ֛ית 1 The expression **offering of first things** refers to a grain offering that consists of the best produce of the first harvest of a particular crop. If your language and culture have a word for this concept, consider using it here, or consider using a general term. -2:12 s2hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠אֶל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֥חַ לֹא־יַעֲל֖וּ לְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹֽחַ׃ 1 When Leviticus says of grain offerings that contain leaven or honey, **on the altar they will not go up**, it means that the Israelites should not give them to the priests to burn on the altar in a way that causes smoke from *the altar** to go up to Yahweh in heaven. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the priests should not burn them on the altar in a way that causes them to become smoke and go up to Yahweh as a pleasant smell” -2:13 ekv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication בַּ⁠מֶּ֣לַח תִּמְלָח֒ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **you shall salt** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **salt**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. -2:13 gjig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תִּמְלָח֒ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, Leviticus uses second-person singular forms in this verse and for the rest of the chapter. If you have been using second-person plural forms in your translation and switching to singular forms would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use plural forms in your translation. -2:13 hl5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֶ֚לַח בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 When Leviticus speaks of **the salt of the covenant of your God**, given the parallel expression **covenant of salt** in [Numbers 18:19](../num/18/19.md), the implication seems to be that the use of **salt** on grain offerings should remind the Israelites of God’s **covenant**, likely because of salt’s association with preservation and, by extension, permanence. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the salt that preserves food and so should remind you of the binding and permanent nature of God’s covenant with you” -2:14 lg2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרִ֖ים & אֵ֖ת מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרֶֽי⁠ךָ׃ 1 A **grain offering of first ripe grains** was a sacrificial offering that consisted of the first harvest of ripened grains, whether wheat or barley. If your language and culture have a term for this portion of the harvest, consider using it here. If not, you could use a general expression. The UST models one way to do that. +2:12 s2hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֥חַ לֹא־יַעֲל֖וּ לְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹֽחַ׃ 1 When Leviticus says of grain offerings that contain leaven or honey, **on the altar they will not go up**, it means that the Israelites should not give them to the priests to burn on the altar in a way that causes smoke from **the altar** to go up to Yahweh in heaven. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the priests shall not burn them on the altar in a way that causes them to become smoke and go up to Yahweh in heaven as a pleasant smell” +2:13 ekv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry בַּ⁠מֶּ֣לַח תִּמְלָח֒ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **you shall salt** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **salt**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. +2:13 gjig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תִּמְלָח֒ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, Leviticus uses second-person singular forms in this verse and for the rest of the chapter. If you have been using second-person plural forms in your translation and switching to singular forms would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use plural forms in your translation. Alternatively, if you have been using third-person forms throughout, you could consider using these forms in your translation. +2:13 hl5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֶ֚לַח בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 When Leviticus speaks of **the salt of the covenant of your God**, given the parallel expression **covenant of salt** in [Numbers 18:19](../num/18/19.md), the implication seems to be that the use of **salt** on grain offerings should remind the Israelites of Yahweh's **covenant**, likely because of salt’s association with preservation and, by extension, permanence. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the salt that preserves food and so should remind you of the binding and permanent nature of God’s covenant with you” +2:14 lg2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרִ֖ים & אֵ֖ת מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרֶֽי⁠ךָ׃ 1 A **grain offering of first ripe grains** was an offering that consisted of the first harvest of ripened grains, whether wheat or barley. If your language and culture have a term for this portion of the harvest, consider using it here. If not, you could use a general expression. The UST models one way to do that. 2:14 hq1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אָבִ֞יב קָל֤וּי בָּ⁠אֵשׁ֙ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a tender ear that you have roasted over a fire” 2:14 b2l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אָבִ֞יב 1 Here, **a tender ear** refers to an intermediate stage, between fruitless stalks and fully ripened ears, in the growth of wheat or barley grain. If your culture and language have a word for this stage of grain ripening, consider using it here. -2:14 xgvx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown גֶּ֣רֶשׂ 1 Here, **crushed grain** refers to harvest grain, whether wheat or barley, that has been roughly crushed into large lumps. Alternate translation: “groats” +2:14 xgvx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown גֶּ֣רֶשׂ כַּרְמֶ֔ל 1 Here, **crushed grain** refers to harvest grain, whether wheat or barley, that has been roughly crushed into large lumps. If your culture and language have a word for this stage of grain ripening, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “groats of a ripe ear” 2:14 tzyl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּרְמֶ֔ל 1 Here, **a ripe ear** refers to the freshly ripened ear of wheat or barley grain. If your culture and language has a word for this stage of grain ripening, consider using it here. +2:15 jaa3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָתַתָּ֤ עָלֶ֨י⁠הָ֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן 1 The expression **you shall give oil on it** is an idiom that means to put oil on top of the grain offering. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And you shall put oil on top of it” 2:16 ok9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָ֗⁠הּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause the memorial portion to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven” -2:16 xy46 מִ⁠גִּרְשָׂ⁠הּ֙ 1 See how you translated this word in [2:14](../02/14.md). +2:16 xy46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִ⁠גִּרְשָׂ⁠הּ֙ 1 See how you translated this word in [2:14](../02/14.md). 3:intro ur1s 0 #Leviticus 3 General Notes\n\n##Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about how to offer a **peace offering**. In a similar fashion to Leviticus 1, here Yahweh provides options for sacrifices of peace offerings consisting of a bovine, whether male or female (3:1–5), or a flock animal, whether a lamb (3:6–11) or a goat (3:12–16). The chapter ends with an “enduring statute,” applicable to any Israelite, regardless of age or location. This statute entails the proscription of consuming any fat or blood (3:17). In outline form, the structure of chapter 3 is as follows: \n\n\n- 1) The Peace Offering (3:1–17)\n - I. Offering a bovine (3:1–5)\n - II. Offering a flock animal (3:6–16)\n - i. a sheep (3:6–11)\n - ii. a goat (3:12–16)\n - The proscription against eating blood or fat (3:17)\n\n##Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n###The peace offering \nThe **peace offering**, sometimes called the "restitution offering" or the "fellowship offering," CONTINUE!!\n\n- can everyone eat the peace offering?\n- what is the relationship of the peace offering to the wave offering? (cf. 7:28–34)\n- mention the thanksgiving peace offering (7:11–15), which accompanied bread and animal sacrifices, votive peace offerings and the freewill peace offerings (7:16–21). \n\n###Fat\nIn ancient times, the fat of an animal was considered the best part of the animal to eat. Therefore, the fat portions of a sacrifice belonged to Yahweh and were to be offered on the fire and converted into pleasant-smelling smoke that rose to Yahweh in heaven. The fat portions and internal organs that were to be removed for burning that are referred to in this chapter include:\n\n- 1) For bovine, sheep and goats:\n* the **fat covering the innards**, that is, the caul fat that covers all of the internal organs (see [3:3, 9, 14](../03/09.md))\n* the **fat that is on the innards**, that is, the visceral fat that is directly connected to the internal organs (see [3:3, 9, 14](../03/09.md))\n* the fat that is connected to the **two kidneys** (see [3:4, 10, 15](../03/09.md))\n* the **two kidneys** themselves (see [3:4, 10, 15](../03/09.md))\n* the **lobe on the liver**, that is, one of the four bunches of liver tissue on the animal's liver (see [3:4, 10, 15](../03/09.md))\n* the **liver** itself (see [3:4, 10, 15](../03/09.md))\n\n-2) For sheep only, in addition to the portions listed above:\n* the entirety of the **fat** of the sheep (see [3:9](../03/09.md))\n* the **fatty tail**, that is, the portion of fat attached to the short tail of the sheep, which was to be removed in one piece near the end of the spine (see [3:9](../03/09.md))\n\nThese portions of fat were to be carefully removed by the person offering the sacrifice and presented to the priest to be burned on the altar. \n\n###Sprinkling blood\nThe symbolic action of **splashing** or "sprinkling” the blood of the animal on the **the altar** is frequent in animal sacrifices in Leviticus. The blood, being the life of the animal (see [17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. In this chapter, the blood acts as a ritual detergent with the special ability to cleanse people, sacred objects, and sacred spaces from the impurity generated by sin. As such, it was splashed on the sides of the altar in a symbolic act that removed the impurities of sin.\n\n###Consuming blood or fat\nLeviticus 3:17 prohibits any Israelite, regardless of age or location, from eating any fat or blood of any animal. Because the blood contained "the life" of the animal, it had the special ability to cleanse people, sacred objects, or sacred space from the impurity caused by sin. As such, Yahweh forbid the eating of any animal blood (see ([7:26–27](../07/26.md), ([17:10–14](../17/10.md), and ([19:26](../19/26.md)). While the reason for forbidding the consumption of fat is not given in this chapter, it is presumed that these choice portions of rich fat were especially coveted and so belonged exclusively to Yahweh. -3:1 c260 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׁלָמִ֖ים 1 As the general introduction to this chapter discusses, a **peace offering** is a sacrifice that was intended to promote friendship and fellowship either between an individual and God or between two individuals or parties. As [7:11–21](../07/11.md) describes, peace offerings could take a variety of forms, including as an offering of thanksgiving for God’s generosity or deliverance, or as an auxiliary to the fulfillment of a vow. 3:1 ausb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ & ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב & יַקְרִיבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 For this and similar expressions throughout this chapter, see how you translated the expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). -3:1 c4u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ & ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב & יַקְרִיבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. Alternate translation: “your offering … you are presenting … you shall present it” -3:1 xipk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אִ֤ם מִן־הַ⁠בָּקָר֙ ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב אִם־זָכָר֙ אִם־נְקֵבָ֔ה 1 The word translated **cattle** refers a group of bovines—whether cows, bulls, or oxen. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “if he is presenting from his cows, whether male or female” +3:1 c4u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ & ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב & יַקְרִיבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. Alternatively, if you have been using third-person forms throughout, consider continuing to do so here. Alternate translation: “your offering … you are presenting … you shall present it” +3:1 c260 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׁלָמִ֖ים 1 As the general introduction to this chapter discusses, a **peace offering** is a sacrifice that was intended to promote friendship and fellowship either between an individual and God or between two individuals or parties. As [7:11–21](../07/11.md) describes, peace offerings could take a variety of forms, including as an offering of thanksgiving for God’s generosity or deliverance, or as an auxiliary to the fulfillment of a vow. +3:1 xipk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אִ֤ם מִן־הַ⁠בָּקָר֙ ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב אִם־זָכָר֙ אִם־נְקֵבָ֔ה 1 The word translated **cattle** refers to a group of bovines—whether cows, bulls, or oxen. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “if he is presenting from his bovines, whether male or female” 3:1 cxo9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ⁠בָּקָר֙ 1 The phrase **from the cattle** does not refer to a specific group of animals. It describes any groups of bovines that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from the bovines that he owns” -3:1 qet0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִ֥ים יַקְרִיבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the word **perfect** here refers to a male or female bovine that is completely healthy and an exemplary representative of its species. Alternate translation: “he should offer an unblemished bovine” or “he should offer a bovine without blemish” or, using the second-person, “you should offer an unblemished bovine” -3:1 vh99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַקְרִיבֶ֖⁠נּוּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “he shall present it in the presence of Yahweh” or “he should present it within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh is” -3:2 lluf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ קָרְבָּנ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠שְׁחָט֕⁠וֹ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 Here and throughout this chapter, the word **he** refers to the worshiper and not to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit, or continue using the second-person pronouns throughout. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice shall lay his hand on the head of his offering, and that individual shall slaughter it at the entrance of the tent of meeting” or, using the second person, “And you shall lay your hand on the head of your offering, and you shall slaughter it at the entrance of the tent of meeting” +3:1 qet0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִ֥ים יַקְרִיבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the word **perfect** here refers to a male or female bovine that is completely healthy and an exemplary representative of its species. Alternate translation: “he should offer an unblemished bovine” or “he should offer a bovine without blemish” +3:1 vh99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יַקְרִיבֶ֖⁠נּוּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “he shall present it in the presence of Yahweh” or “he shall present it within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh is” +3:2 lluf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ קָרְבָּנ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠שְׁחָט֕⁠וֹ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 Here and throughout this chapter, the word **he** refers to the worshiper and not to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice shall lay his hand on the head of his offering, and that individual shall slaughter it at the entrance of the tent of meeting” 3:2 wq58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ קָרְבָּנ֔⁠וֹ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. The implication seems to be that the person is ritually placing his sins on the sacrificial animal so that God will forgive the sins when the animal is sacrificed. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall lay his hand on the head of his offering in order to place his sins on the animal, that they may be removed from him” -3:2 p8xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠זָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־הַ⁠דָּ֛ם עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 As in [1:5](../01/05.md), splashing **the blood** of the animal on the **the altar** is a symbolic action. The blood, being the life of the animal (see [17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. Here, the blood is splashed on the sides of the altar to keep it free from sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall splash the blood all around on the holy altar in order to keep the altar clean from sin” -3:2 tf9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠זָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּ֛ם 1 It is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the bovine. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information, here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “And after catching the blood as it drains from the bovine you have killed, the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall splatter the blood” +3:2 p8xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠זָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־הַ⁠דָּ֛ם עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 As in [1:5](../01/05.md), splashing **the blood** of the animal on **the altar** is a ritual action. The blood, being the life of the animal (see [17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. Here, the blood is splashed on the sides of the altar to keep it free from sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. If your language has a specific word for applying liquids in a religious context, consider using that word here. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall splash the blood all around on the holy altar in order to keep the altar clean from sin” +3:2 tf9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠זָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּ֛ם 1 It is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the bovine. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information, here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “And after catching the blood as it drains from the bovine, the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall splash the blood” 3:2 fyko rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֧ים 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron, who are priests” 3:3 u5fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב 1 Here, **the fat covering the innards** refers to caul fat, or the thin, lacy membrane that surrounds the internal organs of some animals, such as cows, sheep, and pigs. If your language has a word for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. 3:3 t5ou rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠חֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב׃ 1 Here, **all the fat that is on the innards** refers to visceral fat, or the fat accumulated within the abdominal wall, which surrounds internal organs such as the stomach, intestines, and liver of animals. If your language has a word for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. 3:4 z37a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים 1 Here, **the fat that is on them that is near the loins** refers to suet, that is, the hard, lumpy fat that surrounds the kidneys and liver of sheep, goats, and bovines. If your language has a word for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. Alternate translation: “and the leaf lard that is accumulated on the loins” 3:4 p1xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים 1 Here, the word **loins** refers to that part of a animal’s muscles that resides between the upper part of the hipbone and the last of the false ribs on either side of the backbone. If your language has a word for this choice portion of meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. 3:4 gs74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1 The **the lobe on the liver** refers to one of the four curved portions of the liver. Although which of the four lobes of the liver is left unspecified, in the ancient world, the liver’s lobe was considered a delicacy and the choice part of the liver. If your language has a word for this choice portion of meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. Alternate translation: “the choice part of the liver” -3:4 augf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עַל־הַ⁠כְּלָי֖וֹת יְסִירֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 Here, **it** refers to **the lobe** of **the liver**. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “he should remove the lobe of the liver with the kidneys,” or, using the second person, “you shall remove the lobe of the liver with the kidneys” +3:4 augf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עַל־הַ⁠כְּלָי֖וֹת יְסִירֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 Here, **it** refers to **the lobe** of **the liver**. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “he shall remove the lobe of the liver with the kidneys” 3:5 t26a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨ירוּ אֹת֤⁠וֹ בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 Although the word **it** here is singular, it refers to all the portions of fat and the internal organs that were described in [3:3–4](../03/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider using a plural pronoun as [3:16](../03/16.md) does, or making the referents explicit, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron shall cause them to become smoke on the altar” -3:5 sbr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨ירוּ אֹת֤⁠וֹ בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron shall cause it to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven” +3:5 sbr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨ירוּ אֹת֤⁠וֹ בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). 3:6 uz3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבָּנ֛⁠וֹ & יַקְרִיבֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [1:2](../01/02.md). 3:6 tm7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׁלָמִ֖ים 1 See how you translated this term in [3:1](../03/01.md). 3:6 g1co rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֧אן 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:10](../01/10.md). -3:6 pfsm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֧אן 1 The expression **the flock** does not refer to a specific groups of animals. Rather, it describe any groups of sheep or goats that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from the sheep or goats that he owns” +3:6 pfsm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֧אן 1 The expression **the flock** does not refer to a specific group of animals. Rather, it describes any groups of sheep or goats that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is from the sheep or goats that he owns” 3:6 eign rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִ֖ים 1 See how you translated this term in [1:3](../01/03.md). 3:7 dcyq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry הֽוּא־מַקְרִ֖יב אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠הִקְרִ֥יב אֹת֖⁠וֹ 1 See how you handled the emphatic use of a verb and a related noun in [1:2](../01/02.md). Specifically, see how you translated the similar form of this expression in [3:1](../03/01.md). -3:7 vda3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). +3:7 vda3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). 3:8 j6nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action. See how you translated this phrase in [1:4](../01/04.md). 3:8 zpyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 Here, **to the face of the tent of meeting** is an idiom that means “before the tent of meeting” and is synonymous with the expression “at the entrance of the tent of meeting” (see [3:2](../03/02.md)). If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before the tent of meeting” or “in front of the tent of meeting” -3:8 kp5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־דָּמ֛⁠וֹ עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 As in [3:2](../03/02.md), splashing **the blood** of the animal on the **the altar** is a symbolic action. See how you translated this phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). +3:8 kp5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־דָּמ֛⁠וֹ עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 As in [3:2](../03/02.md), splashing **the blood** of the animal on the **the altar** is a ritual action. See how you translated this phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). 3:8 grd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛⁠וֹ 1 As in [3:2](../03/02.md), it is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. See how you handled this implied information in [1:5](../01/05.md). 3:8 ausr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן 1 See how you translated this description of the priests in [1:5](../01/05.md). -3:9 c2bm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְרִ֨יב 1 The word **he** refers to the worshiper and not to the priests. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And … the one offering the sacrifice shall present” or, using the second-person, “And … you should present” -3:9 e5hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns חֶלְבּ⁠וֹ֙ 1 Here, **its** refers to the lamb described in [3:7-8](../03/07.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the fat of the lamb that you have sacrificed” +3:9 c2bm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְרִ֨יב מִ⁠זֶּ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִים֮ 1 The word **he** refers to the worshiper and not to the priests. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And from the sacrifice of the peace offerings, the one offering the sacrifice shall present” +3:9 e5hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns חֶלְבּ⁠וֹ֙ 1 Here, **its** refers to the lamb described in [3:7-8](../03/07.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the fat of the lamb that he sacrificed” 3:9 j687 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הָ⁠אַלְיָ֣ה תְמִימָ֔ה 1 Here, the **fatty tail** refers to the fat that accumulates in the hind parts of a sheep on both sides of its tail and on the first few vertebrae of the tail. If your language has a special term for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic phrase, as the UST models. 3:9 q1kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). 3:9 on7o rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠חֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב׃\n 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). 3:10 v2hz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־ הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד\n 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md). -3:11 sm2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִיר֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest shall burn it on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” -3:11 eron rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִיר֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 Although the word **it** here is singular, that pronoun refers to all the portions of fat and the internal organs that were described in [3:3–4](../03/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider using a plural pronoun as [3:16](../03/16.md) does, or making this explicit, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause them to become smoke on the altar” -3:11 w7se rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֶ֥חֶם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Here, the phrase **food of a gift to Yahweh** uses the possessive form to describe a **gift to Yahweh** that consists of edible **food**. This does not mean that Yahweh eats the food, but only that the offering to Yahweh takes the form of food. If it would be helpful, consider making this more explicit. Alternate translation: “food that you have offered to Yahweh as a gift” or “a gift to Yahweh that consists of food” +3:11 sm2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִיר֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +3:11 eron rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִיר֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 Although the word **it** here is singular, it refers to all the portions of fat and the internal organs that were described in [3:3–4](../03/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider using a plural pronoun as [3:16](../03/16.md) does, or making this explicit, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause them to become smoke on the altar” +3:11 w7se rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֶ֥חֶם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 Here, the phrase **food of a gift to Yahweh** uses the possessive form to describe a **gift to Yahweh** that consists of edible **food**. This does not mean that Yahweh eats the food, but only that the offering to Yahweh takes the form of food. If it would be helpful, consider making this more explicit. Alternate translation: “food that is offered to Yahweh as a gift” or “a gift to Yahweh that consists of food” 3:12 satb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבָּנ֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠הִקְרִיב֖⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [1:2](../01/02.md). -3:12 blm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +3:12 blm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). 3:13 a245 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). 3:13 ec0k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:8](../03/08.md). -3:13 shc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛⁠וֹ 1 As in [1:5](../01/05.md), it is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. See how you translated this phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). +3:13 shc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠⁠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛⁠וֹ 1 It is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. See how you translated this phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). 3:13 rkkp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן 1 See how you translated this description of the priests in [1:5](../01/05.md). -3:14 j58j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְרִ֤יב 1 The word **he** refers to the worshiper and not to the priests. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And…the one offering the sacrifice shall present” or, using the second-person, “And … you should present” +3:14 j58j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְרִ֤יב מִמֶּ֨⁠נּוּ֙ 1 The word **he** refers to the worshiper and not to the priests. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And from it, the one offering the sacrifice shall present” 3:14 weip rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠חֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:3](../03/03.md). 3:15 s33p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md). -3:16 hj5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִירָ֥⁠ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest should burn them on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” +3:16 hj5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִירָ֥⁠ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). 3:16 c52y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֶ֤חֶם אִשֶּׁה֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:11](../03/11.md). -3:17 d5fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְ⁠דֹרֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 The expression **An enduring statute for your generations in all your dwelling places** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. It implies that the Israelites should always obey this commandment wherever they live. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “You should always obey this statute for all your generations and in all your dwelling places” -3:17 viwv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לְ⁠דֹרֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 In this verse, the word **your** is plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer sacrifices, regardless of age or location. If you have been using second-person singular forms in your translation and the switch to the plural form would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use singular forms here. +3:17 d5fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְ⁠דֹרֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 The expression **An enduring statute for your generations in all your dwelling places** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. It implies that every Israelite should always obey this commandment wherever they live. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “No matter where they live, every generation should always obey this statute” +3:17 viwv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לְ⁠דֹרֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 In this verse, the words **your** and **you** are plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer sacrifices, regardless of age or location. If you have been using second-person singular forms in your translation and the switch to the plural form would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use singular forms here. Alternatively, if you have been using third-person forms throughout this chapter, consider using whatever form would be clearest in your language. 3:17 q2wd וְ⁠כָל־ דָּ֖ם 1 Alternate translation: “or consume any blood” 4:intro wrl4 0 #Leviticus 4 General Notes\n\n##Structure and Formatting\nThis chapter begins with a new introduction that continues the narrative framing at the beginning of the book. As such, Leviticus 4:1–5:13 should be taken as a discrete unit, continuing on from Leviticus 1–3.\n\nThis chapter gives instructions on how to offer a sacrifice for unintentional sins, called a **purification offering** because of its ability to purify the sacred space and sacred objects that are dedicated to Yahweh from the impurities generated by unintentional sin. The structure of the chapter offers can be mapped out as follows:\n\n\n- 1) The Purification Offering (4:1–5:13)\n - I. Unintentional Sins (4:1–35)\n - i. scenario #1: The High Priest (4:3–12)\n - ii. scenario #2: The Community (4:13–21)\n - iii. scenario #3: A Leader (4:22–26)\n - iv. scenario #4: An Individual (4:27–35)\n\nThe chapter addresses four hypothetical situations where this kind of sacrifice is needed:\n\n- 1) the high priest unintentionally sins (4:3–12)\n- 2) the whole community unintentionally sins (4:13–21)\n- 3) a leader in the community unintentionally sins (4:22–26)\n- 4) an ordinary individual unintentionally sins (4:27–35)\n - that individual offers a goat (4:27–31)\n - that individual offers a sheep (4:32–35)\n\nAs in Leviticus 1, the instructions offer a detailed outline of the procedure for the sacrifice. The instructed steps include:\n\n- 1) presenting a perfect animal to the priest (4:3, 14)\n - for the high priest, a young bull (4:3)\n - for the community, a young bull (4:13)\n - for the leader, a male goat (4:23)\n - for the individual, a male goat (4:28) or a female sheep (4:32)\n- 2) bringing the animal to the tent of meeting (4:4, 14, 23, 28, 32)\n- 3) laying hands on the animal (4:4, 15, 24, 29, 33)\n- 4) killing the animal (4:4, 15, 24, 29, 33)\n- 5) bringing the blood into the tent of meeting (4:5, 16)\n- 6) sprinkling the blood seven times before Yahweh towards the curtain (4:6, 17)\n- 7) putting some blood on each of the four horns of an altar (4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34)\n - for the high priest and the community, the blood is applied to the horns of the incense altar (4:7, 18)\n - for the leader and the individual, the blood is applied to the horns of the burnt-offering altar (4:25, 30, 34)\n- 8) pouring the rest of the blood out on the base of the burnt-offering altar (4:8, 18, 25, 30, 34)\n- 9) properly butchering the animal into the fat portions (4:9–10, 19–20, 26, 31, 35)\n- 10) burning the fat portions and creating the pleasant-smelling smoke (4:10, 19–20, 26, 31, 35)\n- 11) bringing the rest of the sacrificed animal portions outside the camp to burn them (4:11–12, 21)\n\n##Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n###Unintentional sins\n[INSERT TEXT] \n\n###Guilt\n[INSERT TEXT] \n\n###Sprinkling Blood\n[INSERT TEXT] \n\n\n###The various altars and the sacred curtain\n\n###Disposing of the portions of the sacrifice that are not burned\n[INSERT TEXT] 4:1 ymeo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. -4:1-2 vi29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל לֵ⁠אמֹר֒ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel, saying” +4:1-2 vi29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל לֵ⁠אמֹר֒ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to tell the sons of Israel” 4:2 gdkg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל 1 This expression speaks of the people of Israel in the time of Moses as if they were literally the **sons of Israel**. It means that they are the physical and spiritual descendants of Jacob, whose name God changed to Israel. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” 4:2 skxw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל 1 Although the word translated **sons** is masculine and plural, it has a generic sense that applies to both men and women. In your translation, you may wish to use a term that is clearly inclusive of men and women. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” 4:2 hgnv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹר֒ 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. -4:2 wdps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א 1 Although the words translated **A person** and **he** are feminine, they have a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. As the General Introduction to this chapter suggests, the people of Israel are here referred to by using a generic feminine noun, which intentionally balances the use of the generic masculine noun in [1:2](../01/02.md). If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “When any person offers” or “When someone offers” -4:2 lnfi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א בִ⁠שְׁגָגָה֙ מִ⁠כֹּל֙ מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה 1 The expression **which shall not be done** could refer to: (1) **the commands of Yahweh**, that is, to commandments that proscribe certain actions or behaviors. Alternate translation: “when she sins by mistake from all the commands of Yahweh that say what you should not do” or (2) the act of sinning against God by violating any of **the commands of Yahweh**. Alternate translation: “when she sins by mistake from all the commands of Yahweh, which is something that you should not do” +4:2 wdps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א 1 Although the word translated **A person** is feminine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. As the General Introduction to this chapter suggests, the people of Israel are here referred to by using a generic feminine noun, which intentionally balances the use of the generic masculine noun in [1:2](../01/02.md). If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “When any person offers” or “When someone offers” +4:2 lnfi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א בִ⁠שְׁגָגָה֙ מִ⁠כֹּל֙ מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה 1 The expression **which shall not be done** could refer to: (1) **the commands of Yahweh**, that is, to commandments that proscribe certain actions or behaviors. Alternate translation: “when he sins by mistake from all the commands of Yahweh that say what you should not do” or (2) the act of sinning against God by violating any of **the commands of Yahweh**. Alternate translation: “when he sins by mistake from all the commands of Yahweh, which is something that you should not do” 4:2 yyyi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א בִ⁠שְׁגָגָה֙ מִ⁠כֹּל֙ מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה 1 The expression **sins by mistake from any of the commands of Yahweh** could refer to: (1) doing wrong against God by mistakenly not doing something that **the commands of Yahweh** say to do. Alternate translation: “when he sins by mistake, unintentionally not doing something that the commands of Yahweh say you should do” or (2) doing wrong against God by mistakenly doing something that the commands of Yahweh expressly forbid. Alternate translation: “when he sins by mistake by doing something that the commands of Yahweh say you should not do” 4:2 czo5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠עָשָׂ֕ה מֵ⁠אַחַ֖ת מֵ⁠הֵֽנָּה 1 The expression **from one from them** uses repetition to refer to any individual command from the body of the commands of Yahweh. If your language can use repetition for emphasis in this manner, consider using a similar expression here. If not, then consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and he does any one of them” 4:3 iy0r rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-result אִ֣ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֧ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֛יחַ יֶחֱטָ֖א לְ⁠אַשְׁמַ֣ת הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 The expression **sins to the guilt of the people** refers to an act of wrongdoing against Yahweh that results in the collective guilt of the people in some way. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate explanation: “if the anointed priest sins in such a way that it causes the people to become guilty” -4:3 jsnr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֧ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֛יחַ 1 The **anointed priest** refers to the high priest, or the member of the priest who has been anointed to lead the priesthood. Alternate translation: “the priest whom Yahweh anointed to be high priest” +4:3 jsnr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֧ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֛יחַ 1 The **anointed priest** refers to the high priest, or the member of the priest who has been anointed to lead the priesthood. If your language has a similar way of referring to a leading spiritual figure, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the priest whom Yahweh anointed to be the high priest” 4:3 g1z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠אַשְׁמַ֣ת הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 The abstract noun **guilt** refers both to the emotional experience of feeling guilty and to the legal status of having done wrong and needing to offer restitution for the wrongdoing. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **guilt**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so as to cause the people to be guilty” 4:3 dr8l וְ⁠הִקְרִ֡יב 1 Alternate translation: “then he should present” 4:3 l49l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry עַ֣ל חַטָּאת⁠וֹ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטָ֜א 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he sinned** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **sin**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. -4:3 hev1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown פַּ֣ר 1 A **bull** is a domesticated adult male ox or bullock. If your language has a word for this animal, consider using it here. If not, then consider using a generic noun. Alternate translation: “male of the cattle” or “a male bovine” -4:3 w2tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בֶּן־בָּקָ֥ר 1 The expression **son of** describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. Here the phrase describes this male ox as **the son of the cattle** because it is a male animal that shares the essential qualities of the class of domesticated bovines. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the male ox” or “the male bovine” -4:3 wv3q בֶּן־בָּקָ֥ר 1 See how you translated the word **cattle** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “a son of the domesticated bovines” +4:3 hev1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown פַּ֣ר 1 A **bull** is a domesticated, adult male ox or bullock. If your language has a word for this animal, consider using it here. If not, then consider using a generic noun. Alternate translation: “a male bovine” +4:3 w2tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בֶּן־בָּקָ֥ר תָּמִ֛ים 1 The expression **son of** describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. Here the phrase describes this **bull** as a **son of the cattle** because it is a male animal that shares the essential qualities of the class of domesticated bovines. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a perfect male bovine” +4:3 wv3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בָּקָ֥ר 1 See how you translated the word **cattle** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “the domesticated bovines” +4:3 oklv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בָּקָ֥ר 1 The expression **the cattle** does not refer to specific groups of animals. It describes any group of bovines that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the cattle that he owns or can buy” 4:3 ixx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִ֛ים 1 See how you translated this word in [1:3](../01/03.md). 4:3 hxl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְ⁠חַטָּֽאת׃ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, a **sin offering** is a sacrifice that was offered by an individual person or the community as a whole to purify the sacred altar, the sanctuary, and the sacred objects from impurity caused by sin. -4:4 xx9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הֵבִ֣יא אֶת־ הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 The word **he** refers to the anointed priest, that is, to the high priest who has unintentionally sinned and made the people guilty. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest should bring the bull” -4:4 z9am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “to the presence of Yahweh” or “to the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” -4:4 zy1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). -4:4 yejs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֖ר לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). -4:5 m58i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֛ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִ⁠דַּ֣ם הַ⁠פָּ֑ר 1 It is implied that **the anointed priest** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the bovine. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar, before applying it to the altar in the manner that [4:6–7](../04/06.md) describes. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “After catching the blood in a bowl as it drains from the bull that he slaughtered, the anointed priest should take some of the blood of the bull” -4:5 i2aa הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ 1 See how you translated this way of referring to the high priest in [4:3](../04/03.md). -4:6 hnz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֜ם שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 Here, to sprinkle the blood of the bull **to the face of Yahweh** means literally to sprinkle the blood in the direction of the **curtain of the holy place**, which separated the worshiper from the Holy of Holies, the location where Yahweh was enthroned above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant. Alternate translation: “and he should sprinkle some of the blood seven times toward the Holy of Holies, where Yahweh is” -4:6 uk96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֜ם שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ 1 Just as the blood is splashed against the altar in [1:5](../01/05.md) and elsewhere, here, in a similar symbolic action, the high priest **sprinkles** the blood on the altar and the curtain with his finger. The blood, being the life of the animal (see [17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify and remove the defiling impurities caused by the high priests’ unintentional sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “and he should sprinkle some of the blood seven times in order to cleanse the sacred place from the defiling impurities of sin” +4:4 xx9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הֵבִ֣יא אֶת־ הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 The word **he** refers to the anointed priest, that is, to the high priest who has unintentionally sinned and made the people guilty. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest shall bring the bull” +4:4 z9am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “into the presence of Yahweh” or “to the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +4:4 zy1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַ⁠פָּ֔ר 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). +4:4 yejs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠שָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֖ר לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). +4:5 m58i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֛ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִ⁠דַּ֣ם הַ⁠פָּ֑ר 1 It is implied that **the anointed priest** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the bull. Then he would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar, before applying it to the altar in the manner that [4:6–7](../04/06.md) describes. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information, here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “After catching the blood in a bowl as it drains from the bull that he slaughtered, the anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull” +4:5 i2aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ 1 See how you translated this way of referring to the high priest in [4:3](../04/03.md). +4:6 hnz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֜ם שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 Here, to sprinkle the blood of the bull **to the face of Yahweh** means to sprinkle the blood in the direction of the **curtain of the holy place**, which separated the worshiper from the Holy of Holies, the location where Yahweh was enthroned above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant. Alternate translation: “and he shall sprinkle some of the blood seven times toward the Holy of Holies, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +4:6 uk96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֜ם שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ 1 Just as the blood is splashed against the altar in [1:5](../01/05.md) and elsewhere, here, in a similar ritual action, the high priest **sprinkles** the blood on the altar and the curtain with his finger. The blood, being the life of the animal (see [17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify and remove the defiling impurities caused by the high priests’ unintentional sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. If your language has a word for sprinkling liquids in a religious context, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “and he shall sprinkle some of the blood seven times in order to clean the sacred place from the defiling impurities of sin” 4:6 z4pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַ⁠קֹּֽדֶשׁ 1 The **face of the curtain** is an idiom that means the front of the curtain. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “the front of the curtain” -4:6 htr0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַ⁠קֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ 1 The **curtain of the holy place** was a thick cloth of blue, purple, and scarlet linen that hung between the holy place of the altar and the Holy of Holies, concealing the Holy of Holies from view, as described in [Exodus 26:31–35](exod/26/31.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the front of the sacred screen that separates the Holy of Holies from the rest of the sanctuary” +4:6 htr0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַ⁠קֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ 1 The **curtain of the holy place** was a thick cloth of blue, purple, and scarlet linen that hung between the holy place of the altar and the Holy of Holies, concealing the Holy of Holies from view, as described in [Exodus 26:31–35](exod/26/31.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the front of the sacred screen that separates the Holy of Holies from the rest of the tent” 4:7 c0um rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠נָתַן֩ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֜ם עַל־קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַ⁠סַּמִּים֙ 1 This is a symbolic action. By daubing the blood on the extremities of the altar, the priest is ritually removing from the sacred altar the impurities caused by the unintentional sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “And the priest should put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of incense of the spices in order to purify the altar from the defiling impurities caused by the priest’s unintentional sin” -4:7 rrcr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַ⁠סַּמִּים֙ 1 The **horns of the altar** refer to the projections at the corners of the **altar**. They are shaped like the **horns** of an ox. Alternate translation: “the horn-shaped projections at the corners of the altar of incense of the spices” -4:7 n7r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַ⁠סַּמִּים֙ 1 The **altar of incense of the spices** refers to the place where priests burned fragrance incense twice a day. It was located directly in front of the curtain which separated the Holy of Holies from the rest of the sanctuary. It is described in detail in [Exodus 30:1–10](exod/30/01.md). Alternate translation: “the altar of the fragrant incenses” -4:7 hgoz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 Because this verse specifies that the incense altar is located inside the **tent of meeting**, here the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means directly in front of the Holy of Holies, the location where Yahweh was enthroned above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant. Alternate translation: “in the sacred vicinity of the tent of meeting where Yahweh ” or “directly in front of the Yahweh’s presence in the Holy of Holies -4:7 w9my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־דַּ֣ם הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 Given that the priest has just sprinkled some of **the blood** and dripped some of the blood on **the horns of the altar**, the phrase **all the blood of the bull** refers to the blood that remains after these first two applications. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the remaining blood of the bull” -4:7 gm5k אֶל־ יְסוֹד֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח 1 Alternate translation: “on the base of the altar of” -4:8 opbk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 The word **he** here refers to the anointed priest, because he is both the one offering the sacrifice and the one performing the sacrificial rite. If this is unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the anointed priest should lift up from it” -4:8 rd3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 The expression **he will lift up from it** is an idiom that means to carefully remove and set aside. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a verb that expresses the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he shall trim from it and set it aside” -4:8 c7cy אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֣ה עַל־הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). -4:8 vd6f וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠חֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). -4:9 r448 וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md). -4:9 li4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יְסִירֶֽ⁠נָּה׃ 1 As in [3:4](../03/04.md), [3:10](../03/10.md), and [3:15](../03/15.md), the one who removes the fat from the sacrificial animal is the worshiper, not the priest. However, because here the anointed priest is both the one offering the sacrifice and the one performing the sacrificial rite, the word **he** refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the anointed priest should remove it” +4:7 ykir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָתַן֩ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֜ם עַל־קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַ⁠סַּמִּים֙ 1 The expression **he shall give ... on** is an idiom that means to put **some of the blood** onto **the horns of the altar**. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And he shall put some of the blood onto the horns of the altar of incense of the spices” +4:7 rrcr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַ⁠סַּמִּים֙ 1 The **horns of the altar** refer to the four projections at the corners of the **altar**. They are shaped like the **horns** of an ox. Alternate translation: “the horn-shaped projections at the corners of the altar of incense of the spices” +4:7 n7r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַ⁠סַּמִּים֙ 1 The **altar of incense of the spices** refers to the place where priests burned fragrance incense twice a day, located directly in front of the curtain which separated the Holy of Holies from the rest of the tent of meeting. It is described in detail in [Exodus 30:1–10](exod/30/01.md). Alternate translation: “the altar of the fragrant incenses” +4:7 hgoz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 Because this verse specifies that the incense altar is located inside the **tent of meeting**, here the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means directly in front of the Holy of Holies, the location where Yahweh was enthroned above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant. Alternate translation: “in the sacred vicinity of the tent of meeting where Yahweh ” or “directly in front of Yahweh’s presence in the Holy of Holies” +4:7 w9my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־דַּ֣ם הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 Given that the priest has just sprinkled some of **the blood** and dripped some of the blood on **the horns of the altar**, the phrase **all the blood of the bull** refers to the blood that remains after these first two applications. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And any remaining blood of the bull” +4:8 opbk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 The word **he** here refers to the anointed priest because he is both the one offering the sacrifice and the one performing the sacrificial rite. If this is unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the anointed priest shall lift up from it” +4:8 rd3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 The expression **he shall lift up** is an idiom that means to carefully remove and set aside. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a word or phrase that expresses the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he shall trim from it and set aside” +4:8 c7cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֣ה עַל־הַ⁠קֶּ֔רֶב 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). +4:8 vd6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠חֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). +4:9 r448 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md). +4:9 li4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יְסִירֶֽ⁠נָּה׃ 1 As in [3:4](../03/04.md), [3:10](../03/10.md), and [3:15](../03/15.md), the one who removes the fat from the sacrificial animal is the worshiper, not the priest. However, because here the anointed priest is both the one offering the sacrifice and the one performing the sacrifice, the word **he** refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the anointed priest shall remove it” 4:10 dy4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם מִ⁠שּׁ֖וֹר זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 Here, **it** refers to all the fat that was described in the instructions about peace offerings in [3:3–4](../03/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “just as the fat is removed from the ox of the sacrifice of the peace offering” -4:10 xvzf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם מִ⁠שּׁ֖וֹר זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 Here the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to a specific past action. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as it would be removed from the ox of the purification offering” -4:10 cded rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as the individual removed the fat” or, if you used the second-person form in chapter 3, “just as you removed the fat” -4:10 peg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִירָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן 1 Here, **them** refers to all the pieces of fat and the internal organs described in [4:8–9](../04/08.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest should cause all the fat pieces and the internal organs to become smoke” -4:10 ub9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִירָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest should burn them on the altar and cause them to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” -4:11 fr9j וְ⁠אֶת־ ע֤וֹר הַ⁠פָּר֙ וְ⁠אֶת־ כָּל־ בְּשָׂר֔⁠וֹ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠עַל־ כְּרָעָ֑י⁠ו וְ⁠קִרְבּ֖⁠וֹ וּ⁠פִרְשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 This list of animal parts tells the reader what is meant by the expression **all of the bull** in [4:12](../04/12.md). If this would be unclear, consider using a phrase to indicate that this list introduces the subject of the verse, which will be restated in [4:12](../04/12.md). Alternate translation: “As for the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its innards and its dung” +4:10 xvzf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם מִ⁠שּׁ֖וֹר זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe an action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past actions. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as it would be removed from the ox of the sacrifice of the peace offering” +4:10 cded rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as people remove the fat”If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as the individual removed the fat” or, if you used the second-person form in chapter 3, “just as you removed the fat” +4:10 peg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְטִירָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן 1 Here, **them** refers to all the pieces of fat and the internal organs described in [4:8–9](../04/08.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause all the fat pieces and the internal organs to become smoke” +4:10 ub9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִירָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause them to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven by burning them” +4:11 fr9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־ ע֤וֹר הַ⁠פָּר֙ וְ⁠אֶת־ כָּל־ בְּשָׂר֔⁠וֹ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠עַל־ כְּרָעָ֑י⁠ו וְ⁠קִרְבּ֖⁠וֹ וּ⁠פִרְשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 This list of animal parts tells the reader what is meant by the expression “all of the bull” in [4:12](../04/12.md). If this would be unclear, consider using a phrase to indicate that this list introduces the subject of the verse, which will be restated in [4:12](../04/12.md). Alternate translation: “As for the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its innards and its dung” 4:11 ovny וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־בְּשָׂר֔⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “all of the bull’s meat” 4:12 xwxo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הוֹצִ֣יא 1 Here, **he** cannot refer to the priest making the sacrifice, because this action would cause the priest to become impure. Rather, it refers to another, unspecified Israelite. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “someone else should bring out” 4:12 qm4z אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠⁠פָּר 1 Alternate translation: “all these pieces of the bull” -4:12 hgo6 אֶל־שֶׁ֣פֶךְ הַ⁠דֶּ֔שֶׁן & עַל־שֶׁ֥פֶךְ הַ⁠דֶּ֖שֶׁן 1 The **pouring out place of the fatty ashes** is equivalent to the “place of the fatty ashes” referenced in [1:16](../01/16.md). See how you translated the similar phrase there. -4:12 q856 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׂרֵֽף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone should burn it” +4:12 hgo6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־שֶׁ֣פֶךְ הַ⁠דֶּ֔שֶׁן & עַל־שֶׁ֥פֶךְ הַ⁠דֶּ֖שֶׁן 1 The **pouring out place of the fatty ashes** is equivalent to the “place of the fatty ashes” referenced in [1:16](../01/16.md). See how you translated the similar phrase there. +4:12 q856 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׂרֵֽף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone shall burn it” 4:13 mv5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נֶעְלַ֣ם דָּבָ֔ר מֵ⁠עֵינֵ֖י הַ⁠קָּהָ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the assembly does not realize that they have sinned” 4:13 y4sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠⁠עָשׂוּ אַחַ֨ת מִ⁠כָּל־מִצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md). 4:14 vn62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נֽוֹדְעָה֙ הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ עָלֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and then they realize the sin that they sinned concerning it” 4:14 ljz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:3](../04/03.md). 4:14 m8a5 עָלֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 Alternate translation: “against it” 4:14 vtgc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָלֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 Here, **it** refers to the commands of Yahweh mentioned in [4:13](../04/13.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “with regards to the commands of Yahweh” -4:14 jiw5 פַּ֤ר בֶּן־בָּקָר֙ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:3](../04/03.md). +4:14 jiw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom פַּ֤ר בֶּן־בָּקָר֙ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:3](../04/03.md). Note how you handled the word **bull**, the idiom **a son of the cattle**, and the generic noun **cattle**. 4:14 lv4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:8](../03/08.md). 4:15 fjs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ֠⁠סָמְכוּ זִקְנֵ֨י הָ⁠עֵדָ֧ה אֶת־יְדֵי⁠הֶ֛ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הַ⁠פָּ֖ר 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). -4:15 ukae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה & לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh ... in the presence of Yahweh” or “in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is ... in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is” -4:15 kvnu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠שָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֖ר 1 Here, **he** refers not to the priest but to an individual member of the **elders of the congregation** mentioned in this verse. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject plain. Alternate translation: “And one of the elders of the congregation shall slaughter the bull” -4:16 l1qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הֵבִ֛יא הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִ⁠דַּ֣ם 1 As in [1:5](../01/05.md), it is implied that the **priest** caught **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the bull. See how you conveyed this implied information in that verse. +4:15 ukae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה & לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh…in the presence of Yahweh” or “in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is…in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is” +4:15 kvnu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠שָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֖ר 1 Here, **he** refers not to the priest, but to an individual member of the **elders of the congregation** mentioned in this verse. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject plain. Alternate translation: “And one of the elders of the congregation shall slaughter the bull” +4:16 l1qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הֵבִ֛יא הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֥ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִ⁠דַּ֣ם הַ⁠פָּ֑ר אֶל־אֹ֖הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ 1 As in [1:5](../01/05.md), it is implied that the **priest** caught **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the bull. See how you handled the implied information in that verse. 4:17 caw8 וְ⁠טָבַ֧ל הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֶצְבָּע֖⁠וֹ מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֑ם 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest shall dip his finger in some of the blood” -4:17 zoh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִזָּ֞ה שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֖ת פְּנֵ֥י הַ⁠פָּרֹֽכֶת 1 See how you translated these expressions in [4:6](../04/06.md). -4:18 tsse rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִתֵּ֣ן & יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ 1 Here, and in the verses [4:18–20](../04/18.md), the word **he** refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the priest should put … the priest should pour out” +4:17 zoh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִזָּ֞ה שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֖ת פְּנֵ֥י הַ⁠פָּרֹֽכֶת 1 See how you translated these expressions in [4:6](../04/06.md). +4:18 tsse rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִתֵּ֣ן & יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ 1 Here, and in the verses [4:18–20](../04/18.md), the word **he** refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the priest shall put … the priest shall pour out” +4:18 q6nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠מִן־הַ⁠דָּ֞ם יִתֵּ֣ן ׀ עַל־קַרְנֹ֣ת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֗חַ 1 The expression **he shall give ... on** is an idiom that means to put **some of the blood** onto **the horns of the altar**. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And he shall put some of the blood onto the horns of the altar” 4:18 xn3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קַרְנֹ֣ת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֗חַ 1 See how you translated this expression in [4:7](../04/07.md). 4:18 c8oi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֗חַ אֲשֶׁר֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּ⁠אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 The **altar that is to the face of Yahweh, which is in the tent of meeting** is identical to the “altar of incense of the spices” referenced in [4:7](../04/07.md). See how you translated these expressions there. 4:18 ni6l וְ⁠אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַ⁠דָּ֗ם 1 Alternate translation: “And the remaining blood of the bull” -4:19 wo2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֥ת כָּל־חֶלְבּ֖⁠וֹ 1 The expression **all of its fat** refers to the portions of the bull’s fat and internal organs as described in [4:8–9](../04/08.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and all of the bull’s fat, including the fat covering over the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is near the loins, and the lobe on the liver” +4:19 wo2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֥ת כָּל־חֶלְבּ֖⁠וֹ 1 The expression **all of its fat** refers to the portions of the bull’s fat and internal organs as described in [4:8–9](../04/08.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And all of the bull’s fat, including the fat covering over the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is near the loins, and the lobe on the liver” 4:19 t3pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:8](../04/08.md). -4:19 shyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Although it is ambiguous, unlike [4:8](../04/08.md), here **he** likely refers to the individual member of the elders of the congregation who slaughtered the bull in [4:15](../04/15.md) and not to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the elder of the congregation who slaughtered the animal should lift up from it” -4:19 bbhn וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +4:19 shyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Although it is ambiguous, unlike [4:8](../04/08.md), here **he** likely refers to the individual member of “the elders of the congregation” who slaughtered the bull in [4:15](../04/15.md) and not to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the elder of the congregation who slaughtered the animal shall lift up from it” +4:19 bbhn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +4:19 hk6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest and not to the worshiper. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the priest shall lift up from it” 4:20 tsy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-parallelism וְ⁠עָשָׂ֣ה לַ⁠פָּ֔ר כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְ⁠פַ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑⁠וֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If your language can repeat phrases for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider combining the phrases. Alternate translation: “And he should do for the bull just as he did for the bull of the purification offering” -4:20 k2wc וְ⁠עָשָׂ֣ה לַ⁠פָּ֔ר & עָשָׂה֙ לְ⁠פַ֣ר & כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “And he should prepare the bull ... he prepared the bull ... thus he should prepare it” -4:20 gdgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠עָשָׂ֣ה לַ⁠פָּ֔ר & כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑⁠וֹ 1 As in [4:19](../04/19.md), here **he** refers to the worshiper, likely the individual member of “the elders of the congregation” who slaughtered the bull in [4:15](../04/15.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the elder who slaughtered the bull and removed its fat should do for the bull … thus the elder who slaughtered the bull and removed its fat should do with it” -4:20 kird rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְ⁠פַ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את 1 Because it was the anointed priest who prepared the **bull of the purification offering** as described in [4:3–12](../04/03.md), in this case, the word **he** refers to the anointed priest, not to the individual member of “the elders of the congregation” who is the subject of the other verbs in this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the subject explicit here. Alternate translation: “just as the anointed priest did with the bull of the purification offering that he offered because of his own unintentional sin” -4:20 s2f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְ⁠פַ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את 1 Here the author of Leviticus does not use the past tense to describe previous action, as if he is here referring to a specific past instance where the individual prepared a peace offering. Rather, the past tense is being used both to describe action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to a specific past action. Alternate translation: “just as one might do with the bull of the purification offering” -4:20 t3ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֧ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֛ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 The word translated **atonement** may have originally indicated either the “covering” or the “wiping away” of sin. Either way, by the time of Leviticus it indicated that the sacrifice would be accepted in order to restore the relationship between the worshiper and Yahweh that had been damaged or defiled by sin. Consider using a word or phrase that conveys this idea effectively in your language. See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternative translation: “And the priest shall restore them” -4:20 q33o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לָ⁠הֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **it** refers to the unintentional sin that the community committed that introduced the impurity of sin, which, in turn, required the purification provided by the purification sacrifice. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the unintentional sin of the community will be forgiven for them” +4:20 k2wc וְ⁠עָשָׂ֣ה לַ⁠פָּ֔ר & עָשָׂה֙ לְ⁠פַ֣ר & כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “And he shall prepare the bull ... he prepared the bull ... thus he shall prepare it” +4:20 gdgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠עָשָׂ֣ה לַ⁠פָּ֔ר & כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑⁠וֹ 1 As in [4:19](../04/19.md), here **he** refers to the worshipper, likely the individual member of “the elders of the congregation” who slaughtered the bull in [4:15](../04/15.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the elder who slaughtered the bull and removed its fat shall do for the bull … thus the elder who slaughtered the bull and removed its fat shall do with it” +4:20 kird rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְ⁠פַ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את 1 Because it was the anointed priest who prepared the **bull of the purification offering** as described in [4:3–12](../04/03.md), in this case, the word **he** refers to the anointed priest, not to the individual member of “the elders of the congregation” who is the subject of the other verbs in this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the subject explicit here. Alternate translation: “just as the anointed priest did with the bull of the sin offering that he offered because of his own unintentional sin” +4:20 s2f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְ⁠פַ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֔את 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the past tense to describe previous action, as if he is here referring to a specific past instance where the individual prepared a peace offering. Rather, the past tense is being used both to describe an action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past actions. Alternate translation: “just as one might do with the bull of the sin offering” +4:20 t3ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֧ר עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֛ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 The word translated **atonement** may have originally indicated either the “covering” or the “wiping away” of sin. Either way, by the time of Leviticus it indicated that the sacrifice would be accepted in order to restore the relationship between the worshiper and Yahweh that had been damaged or defiled by sin. Consider using a word or phrase that conveys this idea effectively in your language. See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternative translation: “And the priest shall offer the sacrifice that Yahweh will accept on behalf of the people and restore them to relationship with himself” +4:20 q33o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לָ⁠הֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **it** refers to the unintentional sin that the community committed that introduced the impurity of sin, which, in turn, required the purification provided by the purification sacrifice. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the unintentional sin of the community will be forgiven” 4:20 jd5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לָ⁠הֶֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the community for their sins” 4:21 vvgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הוֹצִ֣יא אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 As in [4:12](../04/12.md), the word **he** cannot refer to the priest making the sacrifice, because this action would cause the priest to become impure. Rather, it refers to another, unspecified Israelite. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “And someone else shall bring out the bull” -4:21 bves rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 Because [4:20](../04/20.md), instructs the community to prepare the bull in the same manner that the high priest prepared the bull for his purification offering (in [4:8–10](../04/08.md)), here **the bull** refers to the pieces of the bull that are not burned on the altar, as listed in [4:11](../04/11.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its innards and its dung” +4:21 bves rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֗ר 1 Because [4:20](../04/20.md) instructs the community to prepare the bull in the same manner that the high priest prepared the bull for his sin offering (in [4:8–10](../04/08.md)), here **the bull** refers to the pieces of the bull that are not burned on the altar, as listed in [4:11](../04/11.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its innards and its dung” 4:21 zg6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵ֖ת הַ⁠פָּ֣ר הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 The phrase **the first bull** refers to the bull offered and prepared by the anointed priest, as described in [4:3–12](../04/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the bull that the high priest offered for his purification offering” 4:22 xg1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠עָשָׂ֡ה אַחַ֣ת מִ⁠כָּל־מִצְוֺת֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהָ֜י⁠ו אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֛ינָה בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֖ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md) and [4:13](../04/13.md). 4:23 jwgw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry חַטָּאת֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 The expression **his sin that he has sinned with it** uses repetition for emphasis. If your language can use repetition for emphasis in this manner, consider using a similar expression here. If not, then consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the sin that he committed” -4:23 g4fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֽוֹ־הוֹדַ֤ע אֵלָי⁠ו֙ חַטָּאת֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or he becomes aware of the sin that he has sinned with it” +4:23 g4fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֽוֹ־הוֹדַ֤ע אֵלָי⁠ו֙ חַטָּאת֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or he becomes aware of the sin that he sinned” 4:23 r7o2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׂעִ֥יר עִזִּ֖ים 1 The expression **a buck of the goats** refers to a male goat that belongs to the class of animals also called goats. If your language possesses a specific term for a male goat, consider using it here, or use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a male goat” +4:23 jvon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עִזִּ֖ים 1 The expression **the goats** does not refer to a specific group of animals. Rather, it refers to any goats that an Israelite might own. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the goats that he owns or can buy” 4:23 lvq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִֽים׃ 1 See how you translated this term in [1:3](../01/03.md). 4:24 q1kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ & וְ⁠שָׁחַ֣ט 1 The word **he** here refers to the “leader” whose unintentional sin requires a purification offering (see [4:22](../04/22.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the leader shall lay … and the leader shall slaughter” 4:24 aby2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַ֤ךְ יָד⁠וֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַ⁠שָּׂעִ֔יר 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). 4:24 z9vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בִּ⁠מְק֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה 1 Here, **he** does not refer specifically to the leader whose purification offering the current section discusses, but refers generally to any person who offers a burnt offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “in the place where someone might slaughter the burnt offering” -4:24 zee3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). -4:25 wnl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן מִ⁠דַּ֤ם 1 As before, it is implied that **the priest** will catch **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). -4:25 hd5k קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח 1 While noting that here the priest drips **the blood** on the horns of the altar of the burnt offering rather than on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense, see how you translated these expressions in [4:7](../04/07.md) and [4:18](../04/18.md). +4:24 zee3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +4:25 wnl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן מִ⁠דַּ֤ם הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ 1 As before, it is implied that **the priest** will catch **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +4:25 jlby rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this idiom in [4:7](../04/07.md). +4:25 hd5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח 1 While noting that here the priest drips **the blood** on the horns of the altar of the burnt offering rather than on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense, see how you translated these expressions in [4:7](../04/07.md) and [4:18](../04/18.md). 4:25 chb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־דָּמ֣⁠וֹ 1 As in [4:7](../04/07.md), the phrase **its blood** refers to the blood that remains after applying some of the blood to the horns of the altar. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the remaining blood of the goat” 4:26 sgvn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבּ⁠וֹ֙ 1 The phrase **all of its fat** refers to the fat portions of the goat described in the instructions for peace offerings in [3:14–15](../03/14.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And all of the goat’s fat, including the fat covering the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” -4:26 el4n יַקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated this similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). -4:26 vunv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כְּ⁠חֵ֖לֶב זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 The expression **like the fat of the sacrifice of the peace offerings** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “in the same manner that the priest would cause the fat of the sacrifice of the peace offerings to become smoke on the altar” +4:26 el4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown יַקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated this similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +4:26 vunv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כְּ⁠חֵ֖לֶב זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 The expression **like the fat of the sacrifice of the peace offerings** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation, without the preceding comma: “in the same manner that the priest would cause the fat of the sacrifice of the peace offerings to become smoke on the altar” 4:26 h9gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). See how you handled the term **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). -4:26 f786 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **it** refers to the unintentional sin that the leader committed that introduced the impurity of sin, which, in turn, required the purification provided by the purification sacrifice. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the leader’s unintentional sin will be forgiven for them” +4:26 f786 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **it** refers to the unintentional sin that the leader committed that introduced the impurity of sin, which, in turn, required the purification provided by the purification sacrifice. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the leader’s unintentional sin will be forgiven” 4:26 zhk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the ruler for his unintentional sin” -4:27 phzq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠אִם־נֶ֧פֶשׁ אַחַ֛ת 1 As in [4:2](../04/02.md), the words translated **person** is feminine, but it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “And if any person” or “And if an individual” +4:27 phzq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠אִם־נֶ֧פֶשׁ אַחַ֛ת 1 As in [4:2](../04/02.md), the word translated **person** is feminine, but it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If you language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “And if any person” or “And if an individual” 4:27 kv6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ⁠עַ֣ם הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 The expression **the people of the land** refers to individuals who live (or will live in the future) in the land of Israel, excluding the king, the high priest, and the leader previously referenced in this chapter. If this would be unclear in your context, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “from the common people who live in the land of Israel” -4:27 ppx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּ֠⁠עֲשֹׂתָ⁠הּ אַחַ֨ת מִ⁠מִּצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by doing one thing that Yahweh commanded the people not to do” +4:27 ppx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּ֠⁠עֲשֹׂתָ⁠הּ אַחַ֨ת מִ⁠מִּצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by doing one thing that Yahweh told the people not to do” 4:28 barn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א & עַל־חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽא׃ 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md). -4:28 al2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הוֹדַ֣ע אֵלָ֔י⁠ו חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he becomes aware of the sin that he has sinned” +4:28 al2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הוֹדַ֣ע אֵלָ֔י⁠ו חַטָּאת֖⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he becomes aware of the sin that he sinned” 4:28 mgqk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׂעִירַ֤ת עִזִּים֙ 1 The expression **a doe of the goats** refers to a female goat that belongs to the class of animals also called goats. If your language possesses a specific term for a female goat, consider using it here, or use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a female goat” or “a she-goat” +4:28 n2ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עִזִּים֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [4:23](../04/23.md). 4:28 b3et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּמִימָ֣ה 1 See how you translated this term in [1:3](../01/03.md). 4:29 rup1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַךְ֙ אֶת־ יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). -4:29 hqed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠מְק֖וֹם הָ⁠עֹלָֽה 1 The **place of the burnt offering** is identical to “the place where he slaughters the burnt offering to the face of Yahweh” in [4:24](../04/24.md). If this is unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “in the same place where people slaughter the animals for the burnt offering” +4:29 hqed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠מְק֖וֹם הָ⁠עֹלָֽה 1 The **place of the burnt offering** is identical to “the place where he slaughters the burnt offering to the face of Yahweh” in [4:24](../04/24.md). If this is unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “in the location where people slaughter the burnt offering” 4:30 su7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן מִ⁠דָּמָ⁠הּ֙ בְּ⁠אֶצְבָּע֔⁠וֹ 1 As before, it is implied that **the priest** will catch **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). -4:30 zr2b קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you handled this expression in [4:25](../04/25.md). -4:30 k9y4 וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־דָּמָ֣⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “And the remaining blood of the goat” -4:30 kqw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ 1 Although unspecified, it is likely that the **altar** mentioned here is the same **altar of the burnt offering** that is referred to in this verse, which is also the place where **the blood** of the sacrificial animal is poured out in the similar expressions in [4:7](../04/07.md), [4:18](../04/18.md), [4:25](../04/25.md), and [4:30](../04/30.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the identity of the altar explicit, or using an identifying adjective as the UST models. Alternate translation: “toward the base of the altar of the burnt offering” +4:30 avro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this idiom in [4:7](../04/07.md). +4:30 zr2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you handled this expression in [4:25](../04/25.md). +4:30 dqv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar idiom in [4:7](../04/07.md). +4:30 k9y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־דָּמָ֣⁠הּ 1 The phrase **all the blood of the bull** refers to the blood that remains after applying the blood to the **horns of the altar**. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the remaining blood of the goat” +4:30 kqw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ 1 Although unspecified, it is likely that the **altar** mentioned here is the same **altar of the burnt offering** that is referred to in this verse, which is also the place where **the blood** of the sacrificial animal is poured out in the similar expressions in [4:7](../04/07.md), [4:18](../04/18.md), [4:25](../04/25.md), and [4:30](../04/30.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the identity of the altar explicit or using an identifying adjective as the UST models. Alternate translation: “at the base of the altar of the burnt offering” 4:31 m5yu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבָּ֣⁠הּ 1 As in [4:26](../04/26.md), the phrase **all of its fat** refers to the fat portions of the goat described in the instructions for peace offerings in [3:14–15](../03/14.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And all of the goat’s fat, including the fat covering the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” -4:31 hmu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָסִ֗יר 1 As in [4:20](../04/20.md), here, **he** refers to the individual offering the sacrifice, not to the priest. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject explicit. Alternate translation: “the person offering the purification offering should remove” +4:31 hmu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָסִ֗יר 1 As in [4:20](../04/20.md), here, **he** refers to the individual offering the sacrifice, not to the priest. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject explicit. Alternate translation: “the person offering the purification offering shall remove” 4:31 x3cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּסַ֣ר חֵלֶב֮ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person would remove the fat” -4:31 lo98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּסַ֣ר חֵלֶב֮ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִים֒ 1 As in [4:10](../04/10.md), the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense here to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past action. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as the fat would be removed from the sacrifice of the peace offerings” -4:31 y4ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֤יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). -4:31 e8ap לְ⁠רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +4:31 lo98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּסַ֣ר חֵלֶב֮ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל זֶ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִים֒ 1 As in [4:10](../04/10.md), the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense here to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe an action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past actions. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as the fat would be removed from the sacrifice of the peace offerings” +4:31 y4ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֤יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). 4:31 f423 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 See how you handled this expression involving an abstract noun in [1:4](../01/04.md) and [4:20](../04/20.md). 4:31 rty9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the inidivual’s sins” 4:32 fcuy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אִם־כֶּ֛בֶשׂ יָבִ֥יא קָרְבָּנ֖⁠וֹ 1 Here, the words **he** and **his** refer to the individual from the people of the land referred to in [4:27–28](../04/27.md). If it would be unclear in your language that these words refer to the same individual as the previous section, consider making the subject explicit. Alternate translation: “But if that individual brings a lamb as his offering” 4:32 sqnk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְמִימָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this term in [1:3](../01/03.md). 4:33 gp8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠סָמַךְ֙ אֶת־יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֑את 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). -4:33 n4w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בִּ⁠מְק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הָ⁠עֹלָֽה׃ 1 As in [4:24](../04/24.md), **he** does not refer specifically to the individual whose purification offering the current section discusses, but refers generally to any person who kills an animal in order to offer a burnt offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “in the place where someone would slaughter the burnt offering” -4:34 swdg וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן מִ⁠דַּ֤ם הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ בְּ⁠אֶצְבָּע֔⁠וֹ 1 See how you handled the information implied in the similar expressions in [1:5](../01/05.md). -4:34 l4b7 קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you handled this expression in [4:25](../04/25.md) and [4:30](../04/30.md). -4:34 k2b9 וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־דָּמָ֣⁠הּ 1 See how you handled this expression in [4:30](../04/30.md). +4:33 n4w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בִּ⁠מְק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הָ⁠עֹלָֽה׃ 1 As in [4:24](../04/24.md), **he** does not refer specifically to the individual whose purification offering the current section discusses, but refers generally to any person who kills an animal in order to offer a burnt offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “in the location where someone would slaughter the burnt offering” +4:34 swdg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לָקַ֨ח הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן מִ⁠דַּ֤ם הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ בְּ⁠אֶצְבָּע֔⁠וֹ 1 See how you handled the information implied in the similar expressions in [4:5](../04/05.md). +4:34 th46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar idiom in [4:7](../04/07.md). +4:34 l4b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you handled this expression in [4:25](../04/25.md) and [4:30](../04/30.md). +4:34 k2b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־דָּמָ֣⁠הּ 1 See how you translated this expression in [4:30](../04/30.md). Alternate translation: “And all the remaining blood” 4:34 iq0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ 1 Although unspecified, it is likely that the **altar** mentioned here is the same **altar of the burnt offering** that is referred to in this verse, which is also the place where **the blood** of the sacrificial animal is poured out in the similar expressions in [4:7](../04/07.md), [4:18](../04/18.md), [4:25](../04/25.md), and [4:30](../04/30.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the identity of the altar explicit, or using an identifying adjective as the UST models. Alternate translation: “toward the base of the altar of the burnt offering” 4:35 pl3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבָּ֣⁠ה 1 As in [4:26](../04/26.md) and [4:31](../04/31.md), the phrase **all of its fat** refers to the fat portions of the lamb described in the instructions for peace offerings in [3:9–10](../03/09.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And all of the lamb’s fat, including the entire fatty tail, the fat covering the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” -4:35 z6xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָסִ֗יר 1 As in [4:31](../04/31.md), here, **he** refers to the individual offering the sacrifice, not to the priest. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject explicit. Alternate translation: “the person offering the purification offering should remove” -4:35 gqlb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יוּסַ֥ר חֵֽלֶב־הַ⁠כֶּשֶׂב֮ מִ⁠זֶּ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִים֒ 1 As in [4:10](../04/10.md), the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense here to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past action. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as the fat of the lamb would be removed from the sacrifice of the peace offerings” +4:35 z6xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָסִ֗יר 1 As in [4:31](../04/31.md), here, **he** refers to the individual offering the sacrifice, not to the priest. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject explicit. Alternate translation: “the person offering the sin offering shall remove” +4:35 gqlb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יוּסַ֥ר חֵֽלֶב־הַ⁠כֶּשֶׂב֮ מִ⁠זֶּ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִים֒ 1 As in [4:10](../04/10.md), the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense here to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe an action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past actions. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as the fat of the lamb would be removed from the sacrifice of the peace offerings” 4:35 i2gb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יוּסַ֥ר חֵֽלֶב־הַ⁠כֶּשֶׂב֮ מִ⁠זֶּ֣בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִים֒ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person who offers a lamb as a sacrifice of peace offerings removes the fat of that lamb” -4:35 mpi3 וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן אֹתָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [1:9](../01/09.md). +4:35 mpi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן אֹתָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [1:9](../01/09.md). 4:35 t7jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עַ֖ל אִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar possessive expressions in [2:3](../02/03.md) and [2:10](../02/10.md). Alternate translation: “on the sacrifices that people offer as gifts to Yahweh” 4:35 sy5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן עַל־ חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ 1 See how you handled this expression involving an abstract noun in [1:4](../01/04.md). 4:35 m4ms rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the individual of his sin” 5:intro dfg1 0 # Leviticus 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about how to offer a specific type of sacrifice.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Not testifying\n\nIf a person saw a crime, or a wrong being done, they were required to be a witness about what they saw or heard. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\n### Sacrifices for the poor\n\nThis chapter explains that poor people were allowed to offer less expensive sacrifices if they could not afford more costly sacrifices. -5:1 rx2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠נֶ֣פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֗א וְ⁠שָֽׁמְעָה֙ 1 Although the words translated **A person** and **he** are feminine, they have a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “And when any person sins, and he hears” or “And when someone sins, and he hears” +5:1 rx2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠נֶ֣פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֗א וְ⁠שָֽׁמְעָה֙ 1 Although the words translated **a person** is feminine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “And when any person sins, and he hears” or “And when someone sins, and he hears” 5:1 a833 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ק֣וֹל אָלָ֔ה 1 The **sound of a curse** is an idiom that refers to someone hearing a publicly spoken imprecatory curse against the perpetrator of a crime which has harmed the individual who speaks the curse (see the parallel text in [Proverbs 29:24](prov/29/24.md)). The implication of this verse is that if the individual who hears the curse against the perpetrator of the crime fails to testify against that individual in the context of the judicial system, then he must **carry his iniquity** (for this phrase, see the next note). Alternate translation: “someone pronouncing a curse against someone who has wronged them” -5:1 erm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽ⁠וֹ 1 The expression **he will carry his iniquity** refers to being responsible to make restitution for the guilt acquired by an individual’s wrongdoing, whether intentional or unintentional. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then he is now responsible to make restitution for his wrongdoing” -5:2 nz0p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֶ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּגַּע֮ 1 Although the words translated **A person** and **he** are feminine, they have a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “when any person touches” or “when someone touches” -5:2 ix6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom טָמֵא֒ & טְמֵאָ֗ה & טְמֵאָ֔ה & טָמֵ֑א & טָמֵ֖א 1 For an object or body to be **unclean** means that it has acquired impurity through its proximity to death. In ancient Israel, this impurity was seen to pollute the holy space where Yahweh lived among the Israelites and could desecrate the sacred items that were consecrated to him. Consequently, anything impure or unclean was not allowed to enter sacred space or touch anything unclean. -5:2 kw6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְ⁠נִבְלַ֨ת חַיָּ֜ה טְמֵאָ֗ה 1 The expression **the carcass of an unclean animal** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describe the carcass of any wild animal that an Israelite might encounter. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the dead body of any unclean wild animal” -5:2 gh1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּ⁠נִבְלַת֙ בְּהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֔ה 1 The expression **the carcass of unclean livestock** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describe the carcass of any domesticated animal that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the unclean dead body of any of your domesticated animals” -5:2 tkk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּ⁠נִבְלַ֖ת שֶׁ֣רֶץ טָמֵ֑א 1 The expression **the carcass of an unclean creeping animal** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describe the carcass of any winged, swarming insect that an Israelite might encounter. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the dead body of any unclean swarming animal that you come across” +5:1 erm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽ⁠וֹ 1 The expression **he shall carry his iniquity** refers to being responsible to make restitution for the guilt acquired by an individual’s wrongdoing, whether intentional or unintentional. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then he is now responsible to make restitution for his wrongdoing” +5:2 nz0p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֶ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּגַּע֮ 1 Although the words translated **A person** is feminine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “when any person touches” or “when someone touches” +5:2 ix6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown טָמֵא֒ & טְמֵאָ֗ה & טְמֵאָ֔ה & טָמֵ֑א & טָמֵ֖א 1 For an object or body to be **unclean** means that it has acquired impurity through its perceived proximity to death. In ancient Israel, this impurity was seen to pollute the holy space where Yahweh lived among the Israelites and could desecrate the sacred items that were consecrated to him. Consequently, anything impure or unclean was not allowed to enter the sacred space or touch anything clean or holy. If your language has a similar word, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic term. Alternate translation: “polluted … polluted … polluted … polluted … is polluted himself” +5:2 kw6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְ⁠נִבְלַ֨ת חַיָּ֜ה טְמֵאָ֗ה 1 The expression **the unclean carcass of an animal** does not refer to the body of a specific animal. Rather, it describes the carcass of any wild animal that an Israelite might encounter. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the dead body of any wild animal” +5:2 gh1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּ⁠נִבְלַת֙ בְּהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֔ה 1 The expression **the unclean carcass of livestock** does not refer to a the body of a specific animal. Rather, it describes the carcass of any domesticated animal that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the unclean dead body of any of a person's domesticated animals” +5:2 tkk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּ⁠נִבְלַ֖ת שֶׁ֣רֶץ טָמֵ֑א 1 The expression **the carcass of an unclean swarming animal** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describes the carcass of any animal or insect that swarms or creeps on the ground, including winged, swarming insects, mice, rats, and lizards (see [11:20–23](../11/20.md) and [11:24–29](../11/24.md) for the full list of these animals). Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the dead body of any impure animal that creeps or swarms on the ground” 5:2 kf5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not realize that he touched something unclean” 5:2 a2xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אָשֵֽׁם 1 Here, to become **guilty** means both to feel the internal sense of having done wrong and to enter into a legal state of needing to make reparations for wrongdoing, whether intentional or unintentional. As the General Introduction to the chapter discusses, this kind of guilt resulted in the need for the **guilt offering**, by which a person atoned for himself and made reparation for the impurity that he brought into the sacred space by his wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “and he needs to make reparations for his wrongdoing” -5:3 kp8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns א֣וֹ כִ֤י יִגַּע֙ בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uncleanness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Or if he touches a human body in a way that makes him unclean” +5:3 kp8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns א֣וֹ כִ֤י יִגַּע֙ בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uncleanness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Or if he touches a human body in a way that makes pollutes him” 5:3 dmsx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם 1 The expression **the uncleanness of a man** uses the possessive form to refer to the uncleanness that is acquired from a human source. Alternate translation: “the uncleanness that comes from a person” 5:3 fuj0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry לְ⁠כֹל֙ טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִטְמָ֖א בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he becomes unclean** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **uncleanness**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. 5:3 ymu7 לְ⁠כֹל֙ טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִטְמָ֖א בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “with regard to all of a person's sins by which he sins” -5:3 twrx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לְ⁠כֹל֙ טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ 1 Here, **his** refers to the **man** mentioned earlier in the verse, which itself, although masculine, has a generic sense that refers to any human being, whether living or dead. If it would helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “with regard to any uncleanness that comes from a human being, whether living or dead” -5:3 b9ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת & טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ & יִטְמָ֖א 1 See how you translated these words in [5:2](../05/02.md). +5:3 twrx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לְ⁠כֹל֙ טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ 1 Here, **his** refers to the **man** mentioned earlier in the verse, which, although masculine, has a generic sense that refers to any human being, whether living or dead. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “with regard to any uncleanness that comes from a human being, whether living or dead” +5:3 b9ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֣ת & טֻמְאָת֔⁠וֹ & יִטְמָ֖א 1 See how you translated these words in [5:2](../05/02.md). 5:3 k7l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not realize it” or “and he does not know about it” -5:4 g4f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְ⁠בַטֵּ֨א 1 This means to swear an oath without thinking seriously about it. It implies that after the person **swears** the oath, he either cannot fulfill it or he does not really want to fulfill it. -5:4 so0x נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ 1 See how you translated this similar expression in [5:2](../05/02.md). Alternate translation “when any person swears” or “when someone swears” +5:3 i368 וְ⁠ה֥וּא יָדַ֖ע 1 Alternate translation: “when he himself knows” +5:3 rvsc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns וְ⁠ה֥וּא יָדַ֖ע 1 The word **himself** emphasizes how significant it is that **the man**, who had previously was unaware of having touched any uncleanness, had come to realize what he had done. Consider using a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “but only when he alone knows” +5:3 jy32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠ה֥וּא יָדַ֖ע 1 The expression **be he himself knows** is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but when he himself knows that he has unintentionally touched something unclean” +5:4 g4f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְ⁠בַטֵּ֨א בִ⁠שְׂפָתַ֜יִם לְ⁠הָרַ֣ע ׀ א֣וֹ לְ⁠הֵיטִ֗יב 1 This means to swear an oath without thinking seriously about it. It implies that after the person **swears** the oath, he either cannot fulfill it or he does not really want to fulfill it. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person hastily swears an oath with two lips without the intention to do what he promised, to do evil or to do good” +5:4 so0x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ 1 See how you translated this similar expression in [5:2](../05/02.md). Alternate translation “when any person swears an oath” or “when someone swears an oath” 5:4 l73y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְ⁠בַטֵּ֨א בִ⁠שְׂפָתַ֜יִם 1 Here, **with two lips** refers to the words that the person speaks. Alternate translation: “by speaking rashly with their words” -5:4 x743 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לְ֠⁠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְבַטֵּ֧א הָ⁠אָדָ֛ם בִּ⁠שְׁבֻעָ֖ה 1 Although the words translated **a man** is masculine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who speaks rashly while swearing an oath. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “with regard to everything that a person thoughtlessly speaks in an oath” +5:4 x743 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לְ֠⁠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְבַטֵּ֧א הָ⁠אָדָ֛ם בִּ⁠שְׁבֻעָ֖ה 1 Although the word **man** is masculine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who speaks rashly while swearing an oath. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “with regard to everything that a person speaks rashly in an oath” 5:4 nre6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not realize it” or “and he does not know about it” +5:4 tdo9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns וְ⁠הוּא־יָדַ֥ע 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:3](../05/03.md). 5:4 pftx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠אַחַ֥ת מֵ⁠אֵֽלֶּה 1 The phrase **from these things** refers to the ways of sinning unintentionally, as described in [5:1–4](../05/01.md). 5:5 nt5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠אַחַ֣ת מֵ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:4](../05/04.md). -5:5 zzqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִ֨תְוַדָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א עָלֶֽי⁠הָ׃ 1 As in [4:14](../04/14.md), the phrase **regarding it** refers to the commands of Yahweh mentioned in [4:13](../04/13.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “then he should confess that which he sinned with regard to the commands of Yahweh” -5:6 x2i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הֵבִ֣יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֣⁠וֹ לַ⁠יהוָ֡ה 1 Here, **his guilt** does not refer to the legal status of guilt that it did in [5:2–5](../05/02.md). Rather, it refers to the required penalty for that person’s guilt, that is, the sacrifice that will provide atonement for the individual’s guilt that he acquired by sinning unintentionally. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring the sacrifice required to atone for his guilt to Yahweh” -5:6 twdf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הֵבִ֣יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֣⁠וֹ לַ⁠יהוָ֡ה 1 Here, to **bring** the required sacrifice **to Yahweh** refers to carrying the sacrifice to the altar that is located at the entrance of the tent of meeting, as described with the other sacrificial processes in the previous chapters. Because the tent of meeting was were Yahweh lived among the Israelites, taking the offering to the altar is considered the same as bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he should bring his guilt to the altar that is located at the entrance to the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +5:5 zzqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִ֨תְוַדָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א עָלֶֽי⁠הָ׃ 1 As in [4:14](../04/14.md), the phrase **regarding it** refers to the commands of Yahweh mentioned in [4:13](../04/13.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “then he shall confess that he sinned with regard to the commands of Yahweh” +5:6 x2i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הֵבִ֣יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֣⁠וֹ לַ⁠יהוָ֡ה 1 Here, **his guilt** does not refer to the legal status of guilt that it did in [5:2–5](../05/02.md). Rather, it refers to the required penalty for that person’s guilt, that is, the animal sacrifice that will provide atonement for the individual’s guilt that he acquired by sinning unintentionally. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring the required sacrifice required by Yahweh” +5:6 twdf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הֵבִ֣יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֣⁠וֹ לַ⁠יהוָ֡ה 1 Here, to **bring** the required sacrifice **to Yahweh** refers to carrying the sacrifice to the altar that is located at the entrance of the tent of meeting, as described with the other sacrificial processes in the previous chapters. Because the tent of meeting was where Yahweh lived among the Israelites, taking the offering to the altar is considered the same as bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring his guilt to the altar that is located inside the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” 5:6 b75l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry חַטָּאת⁠וֹ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטָ֜א 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md) and [4:28](../04/28.md). -5:6 tn5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נְקֵבָ֨ה מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֥אן 1 The expression **a female from the flock** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describes any individual sheep or goat that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a female flock animal that he owns” -5:6 go0u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֥אן 1 The expression **the flock** does not refer to a specific group of animals. Rather, it describes any group of sheep or goats that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. See how you translated this expression in [1:10](../01/10.md) and [3:6](../03/06.md). Alternate translation: “from the flock of animals that he owns” -5:6 kktf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun כִּשְׂבָּ֛ה אֽוֹ־שְׂעִירַ֥ת עִזִּ֖ים 1 Here, a **lamb** or **doe of the goats** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describes any individual sheep or goat that an Israelite might own. Alternate translation: “any lamb or any female goat from the goats that you own” -5:6 vrib שְׂעִירַ֥ת עִזִּ֖ים 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [4:23](../04/23.md) and [4:28](../04/28.md). +5:6 go0u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֥אן 1 The expression **the flock** does not refer to a specific group of animals. Rather, it describes any group of sheep or goats that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. See how you translated this expression in [1:10](../01/10.md) and [3:6](../03/06.md). Alternate translation: “from the flock animals that he owns” +5:6 kktf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כִּשְׂבָּ֛ה 1 A **lamb** is a young sheep. If your language has a specific word for young members of this animal group, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression Alternate translation: “a young sheep” +5:6 f93k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׂעִירַ֥ת עִזִּ֖ים 1 A **doe** refers to a female goat or sheep—here, specifically, a goat. If your language has a specific word for this gender of this particular animal group, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a nanny goat” +5:6 vrib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations שְׂעִירַ֥ת עִזִּ֖ים 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [4:23](../04/23.md) and [4:28](../04/28.md). 5:6 haku וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן מֵ⁠חַטָּאתֽ⁠וֹ׃ 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin.” -5:6 fj3k וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [1:4](../01/04.md). -5:7 uz2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אִם־לֹ֨א תַגִּ֣יע יָד⁠וֹ֮ דֵּ֣י שֶׂה֒ 1 The expression **if his hand does not touch enough flock animals** is an idiom that refers to being unable to afford to offer one’s own flock animal or to purchase another’s flock animal. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if he is unable to offer his own flock animal or to purchase someone else’s” -5:7 llw0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns שֶׂה֒ 1 In this verse, the word **flock animal** is singular in form, but it refers to all domesticated animals that are herded as a flock, usually sheep and goats, as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “sheep or goats” -5:7 gm7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠הֵבִ֨יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֜⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֗א 1 The expression **his guilt that he sinned** is an abbreviated form of the similar phrase found in [5:6](../05/06.md) and leaves out some words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful, you could supply the missing words from 5:6. Alternate translation: “then he should bring his guilt for his sin that he sinned” -5:7 ugl5 וְ⁠הֵבִ֨יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֜⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). -5:7 tgyj תֹרִ֛ים & בְנֵֽי־יוֹנָ֖ה 1 See how you translated these terms in [1:14](../01/14.md). -5:7 ilhy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶחָ֥ד & וְ⁠אֶחָ֥ד 1 The word translated **one** does not refer to a single bird but to one of the two kinds of birds prescribed by the verse. If this would not be clear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “two of the birds....and the other two birds” -5:7 f37p לְ⁠חַטָּ֖את & לְ⁠עֹלָֽה 1 See how you translated these terms in [1:3](../01/03.md) and [4:3](../04/03.md). -5:8 yeet וְ⁠הִקְרִ֛יב 1 In this verse and the next, **he** refers to the priest. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and the priest should present” -5:8 bz85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠מּ֥וּל עָרְפּ֖⁠וֹ 1 The expression **from the back of its neck** refers to the nape of the neck. The priest was instructed to take hold of this location on the bird, and twist, such that the bird was killed, but the head was not removed completely. If your language has a term for this part of a bird’s body, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “from the nape of the bird’s neck” -5:9 e1cy וְ⁠הִזָּ֞ה מִ⁠דַּ֤ם 1 See how you handled the implied information in this symbolic action in [1:5](../01/05.md). +5:6 fj3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [1:4](../01/04.md). +5:7 uz2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אִם־לֹ֨א תַגִּ֣יע יָד⁠וֹ֮ דֵּ֣י שֶׂה֒ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to being unable to afford to offer one’s own flock animal or to purchase another’s flock animal. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if he is unable to offer his own flock animal or to purchase someone else’s” +5:7 gm7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠הֵבִ֨יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֜⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֗א 1 The expression **his guilt that he sinned** is an abbreviated form of the similar phrase found in [5:6](../05/06.md) and leaves out some words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful, you could supply the missing words from [5:6](../05/06.md). Alternate translation: “then he shall bring his guilt for his sin that he sinned” +5:7 ugl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הֵבִ֨יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֜⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). +5:7 tgyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown תֹרִ֛ים & בְנֵֽי־יוֹנָ֖ה 1 See how you translated these terms in [1:14](../01/14.md). +5:7 ilhy אֶחָ֥ד & וְ⁠אֶחָ֥ד 1 Alternate translation: “one of the birds … and the other bird” +5:7 f37p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְ⁠חַטָּ֖את & לְ⁠עֹלָֽה 1 See how you translated these terms in [1:3](../01/03.md) and [4:3](../04/03.md). +5:8 yeet rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הִקְרִ֛יב 1 Here and throughout the next verse, **he** refers to the priest. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation, with a comma before: “and the priest shall present” +5:8 bz85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠מּ֥וּל עָרְפּ֖⁠וֹ 1 The expression **from the back of its neck** refers to the nape of the bird's neck. The priest was instructed to take hold of this location on the bird and twist it, such that the bird was killed but the head was not removed completely. If your language has a word for this part of a bird’s body, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “from the nape of the bird’s neck” +5:9 e1cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִזָּ֞ה מִ⁠דַּ֤ם 1 See how you handled the implied information in this symbolic action in [1:5](../01/05.md). 5:9 d3jq וְ⁠הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֣ר בַּ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “And the remaining blood” -5:9 uh1v יִמָּצֵ֖ה אֶל־יְס֣וֹד הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 Alternate translation: “he shall squeeze out on the base of the altar” -5:10 ens1 וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה עֹלָ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “And the second, he shall prepare as a burnt offering” -5:10 t4n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֑ט 1 The phrase **according to the regulation** refers to the commandments and instructions of Yahweh given to the people of Israel, likely the regulations for burnt offerings that Yahweh gave in Lev 1. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “according to the instructions and commands that Yahweh gave to the people of Israel” -5:10 xgmn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ׃ס 1 Here, the words **him**, **his**, and **he** refer not to the priest, but to the individual who acquired guilt by sinning in the ways described in [5:1–4](../05/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall make atonement for the individual from his sin that he sinned, and it will be forgiven to that individual” -5:10 sf4t וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). -5:10 lm1w מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א 1 See how you handled the poetic repetition of words in the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). -5:10 v199 וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). -5:11 l7oh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אִם־לֹא֩ תַשִּׂ֨יג יָד֜⁠וֹ לִ⁠שְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֗ים אוֹ֮ לִ⁠שְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵי־יוֹנָה֒ 1 Like the similar expression in [5:7](../04/26.md), the phrase **if his hand does not reach two turtledoves or two sons of a pigeon** is an idiom that refers to being unable to afford to purchase one of these kinds of birds for a sacrifice. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if he is unable to purchase two turtledoves or two sons of a pigeon for himself” -5:11 suid תֹרִ֗ים & בְנֵי־יוֹנָה֒ 1 See how you translated these terms in [1:14](../01/14.md). -5:11 id4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠הֵבִ֨יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֜⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֗א 1 As in [5:7](../05/07.md), the expression **his offering that he sinned** is an abbreviated form of the similar phrase found in [5:6](../05/06.md) and leaves out some words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful, you could supply the missing words from 5:6. Alternate translation: “then he should bring his offering for his sin that he sinned” +5:10 ens1 וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה עֹלָ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “And the second he shall prepare as a burnt offering” +5:10 t4n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּ֑ט 1 The phrase **according to the regulation** refers to the commandments and instructions of Yahweh given to the people of Israel, likely the regulations for burnt offerings that Yahweh gave in the first chapter of Leviticus. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “according to the instructions for burnt offerings that Yahweh gave to the people of Israel” +5:10 xgmn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ׃ס 1 Here, the words **him**, **his**, and **he** refer not to the priest but to the individual who acquired guilt by sinning in the ways described in [5:1–4](../05/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall make atonement for the individual from his sin that the individual sinned, and it will be forgiven to that individual” +5:10 sf4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). +5:10 lm1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry מֵ⁠חַטָּאת֥⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א 1 See how you handled the poetic repetition of words in the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). +5:10 v199 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). +5:11 l7oh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אִם־לֹא֩ תַשִּׂ֨יג יָד֜⁠וֹ לִ⁠שְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֗ים אוֹ֮ לִ⁠שְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵי־יוֹנָה֒ 1 Like the similar expression in [5:7](../04/26.md), the phrase **if his hand does not reach** is an idiom that refers to being unable to afford to purchase one of these kinds of birds for a sacrifice. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if he is unable to purchase two turtledoves or two sons of a pigeon for himself” +5:11 suid rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown תֹרִ֗ים & בְנֵי־יוֹנָה֒ 1 See how you translated these terms in [1:14](../01/14.md). +5:11 id4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠הֵבִ֨יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֜⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֗א 1 As in [5:7](../05/07.md), the expression **his offering that he sinned** is an abbreviated form of the similar phrase found in [5:6](../05/06.md) and leaves out some words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful, you could supply the missing words from [5:6](../05/06.md). Alternate translation: “then he shall bring his offering for his sin that he sinned” 5:11 cq1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume עֲשִׂירִ֧ת הָ⁠אֵפָ֛ה סֹ֖לֶת 1 An **ephah** is an ancient measurement of volume equivalent to approximately 22.8 liters. Consequently, a **tenth of an ephah** is a little more than two liters. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the equivalent modern measurement in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “about two liters of flour” 5:11 lta4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction עֲשִׂירִ֧ת 1 A **tenth** is one part out of ten equal parts. -5:11 opzs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֥י חַטָּ֖את הִֽיא 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period preceeding: “This is because it is a purification offering” -5:12 hn99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וֶ⁠הֱבִיאָ⁠הּ֮ 1 Here, **it** refers to the tenth of an ephah of flour mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he should bring the tenth of an ephah of flour” -5:12 f7f8 וְ⁠קָמַ֣ץ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֣ן ׀ מִ֠מֶּ⁠נָּה מְל֨וֹא קֻמְצ֜⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). -5:12 vzu4 וְ⁠הִקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest should burn it on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” -5:13 g136 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠כִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). -5:13 o7ad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־חַטָּאת֧⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֛א מֵֽ⁠אַחַ֥ת מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה 1 The expression **from one from these** refers to the commandments of Yahweh that the individual sinned and violated in the ways described in [5:1–4](../05/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “for his sin that he sinned with regard to one of these ways of violating God’s commandments that pertain to ways a person can unintentionally become guilty” -5:13 vf2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry עַל־חַטָּאת֧⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֛א 1 See how you translated these poetically repeated terms in [4:27](../04/27.md), [4:35](../04/35.md), and the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). +5:11 eq3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹא־יִתֵּ֤ן עָלֶ֨י⁠הָ֙ לְבֹנָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the idiom in the similar expression in [2:15](../02/15.md). +5:11 opzs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֥י חַטָּ֖את הִֽיא 1 The word **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period preceding: “This is because this flour is being offered as a sin offering” +5:12 hn99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וֶ⁠הֱבִיאָ⁠הּ֮ 1 Here, **it** refers to the tenth of an ephah of flour mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring the tenth of an ephah of flour” +5:12 f7f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠קָמַ֣ץ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֣ן ׀ מִ֠מֶּ⁠נָּה מְל֨וֹא קֻמְצ֜⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). +5:12 vzu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +5:13 g136 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). +5:13 o7ad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־חַטָּאת֧⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֛א מֵֽ⁠אַחַ֥ת מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה 1 The expression **from one from these** refers to the commandments of Yahweh that the individual sinned and violated in the ways described in [5:1–4](../05/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “for his sin that he sinned with regard to one of these ways of violating Yahweh's commandments about ways a person can unintentionally become guilty” +5:13 vf2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry עַל־חַטָּאת֧⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֛א 1 See how you translated these poetically repeated terms in [4:27](../04/27.md) and [4:35](../04/35.md) and the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). +5:13 dncf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry מֵֽ⁠אַחַ֥ת מֵ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md). 5:13 zpm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֣ח ל֑⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). -5:13 jpzd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הָיְתָ֥ה לַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 The expression **it will be for the priest** means that the portion of the tenth of an ephah of flour that is not burned as part of the memorial portion (as described in [5:12](../05/12.md)) should belong to the priest as food. He receives it after performing the sacrifice, just as is the case with the portion of the **grain offering** that is not burnt as part of the memorial portion. Alternate translation: “And the remaining portion of the flour that is not burned as part of the memorial portion should belong to the priest as food” +5:13 jpzd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הָיְתָ֥ה לַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 The expression **it will be for the priest** means that the portion of the tenth of an ephah of flour that is not burned as part of the memorial portion (as described in [5:12](../05/12.md)) should belong to the priest performing the sacrifice as his food, just as is the case with the portion of the **grain offering** that is not burnt as part of the memorial portion. Alternate translation: “And the remaining portion of the flour that was not burned as part of the memorial portion shall belong to the priest as his food” 5:14 ymzk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. -5:15 at39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּֽי־ תִמְעֹ֣ל 1 As in [5:1](../05/01.md) and [5:2](../05/02.md), although the words translated **A person** and **he** are feminine, they have a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “When any person trespasses” or “When someone trespasses” -5:15 sst7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry תִמְעֹ֣ל מַ֔עַל 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he trespasses** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **trespass**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. -5:15 peon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠חָֽטְאָה֙ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֔ה מִ⁠קָּדְשֵׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 The expression **sins by mistake from the holy things of Yahweh** means to accidentally violate God’s commands regarding the proper treatment of the sacred space and the sacred objects related to the worship of Yahweh. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and he sins by mistake with regard to the sacred space and the sacred objects consecrated to Yahweh” -5:15 mcd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠חָֽטְאָה֙ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md) and [4:27](../04/27.md). -5:15 vtk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הֵבִיא֩ אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֨⁠וֹ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֜ה 1 Here, to **bring** the required sacrifice **to Yahweh** refers to carrying the sacrifice to the altar that is located at the entrance of the tent of meeting, as described with the other sacrificial processes in the previous chapters. Because the tent of meeting was were Yahweh lived among the Israelites, taking the offering to the altar is considered the same as bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “then he should bring his guilt to the altar that is located at the entrance to the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +5:15 at39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּֽי־ תִמְעֹ֣ל 1 As in [5:1](../05/01.md) and [5:2](../05/02.md), although the word translated **A person** is feminine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “When any person trespasses” or “When someone trespasses” +5:15 sst7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry תִמְעֹ֣ל מַ֔עַל 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he trespasses** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **trespass**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. +5:15 peon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠חָֽטְאָה֙ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֔ה מִ⁠קָּדְשֵׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 The expression **sins by mistake from the holy things of Yahweh** means to violate Yahweh's commands regarding the proper treatment of the sacred space and the sacred objects related to the worship of Yahweh. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and he sins by mistake with regard to Yahweh's commandments about how to behave in the sacred space and handle the sacred objects consecrated to Yahweh” +5:15 mcd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠חָֽטְאָה֙ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md). +5:15 vtk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הֵבִיא֩ אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֨⁠וֹ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֜ה 1 Here, to **bring** the required sacrifice **to Yahweh** refers to carrying the sacrifice to the altar that is located at the entrance of the tent of meeting, as described with the other sacrificial processes in the previous chapters. Because the tent of meeting was where Yahweh lived among the Israelites, taking the offering to the altar is considered the same as bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “then he shall bring his guilt to the altar that is located inside the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” 5:15 yhj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הֵבִיא֩ אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֨⁠וֹ 1 As in [5:6](../05/06.md) and [5:7](../05/07.md), here, **his guilt** does not refer to the legal status of guilt but to the required penalty for that person’s guilt, that is, the sacrifice that will provide atonement for the individual’s guilt that he acquired by sinning unintentionally. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “then he shall bring the sacrifice required to make restitution for his guilt” 5:15 sx6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִ֣ים 1 See how you translated this term in [1:3](../01/03.md). 5:15 gfnv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֗אן 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). -5:15 cjex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֛ 1 The expression **in your valuation** refers to the process of determining (through the use of weights) the monetary value of the ram described in this verse, using the **the shekel of the holy place** as a base measurement. If it would be clearer in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “with your assessment of the value of the ram in silver” +5:15 cjex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֛ 1 The expression **in your valuation** refers to the process of determining the monetary value of the ram described in this verse through the use of weights, using **the shekel of the holy place** as a base measurement. If it would be clearer in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “along with your assessment of the value of the ram in silver” 5:15 hf2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֛ 1 Even though Yahweh is speaking to a group of people, **you** is singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. -5:15 nwrl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֛ כֶּֽסֶף־שְׁקָלִ֥ים בְּ⁠שֶֽׁקֶל־הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 The **silver shekels** that were used in **the holy place** were an ancient measurement of the weight of silver that functioned as currency, equivalent to approximately 10 grams or two-fifths of an ounce of silver. You could try to express this amount in terms of the current monetary value of silver, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate since those values can change over time. Instead, consider using a generic phrase. Alternate translation: “in your valuation, the standard weight of silver that is used in the holy place” +5:15 nwrl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֛ כֶּֽסֶף־שְׁקָלִ֥ים בְּ⁠שֶֽׁקֶל־הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 The **silver shekel** that was used in **the holy place** was an ancient measurement of the weight of silver that functioned as a currency, equivalent to approximately 10 grams or two-fifths of an ounce of silver. You could try to express this amount in terms of the current monetary value of silver, but that might cause your translation to become outdated and inaccurate since those values can change over time. Instead, consider using a generic phrase. Alternate translation: “in your valuation, the standard weight of silver that is used by the priests in the holy place” 5:15 rptx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 The **holy place** is another way of saying the precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the holy space of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” 5:15 ozia rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְ⁠אָשָֽׁם 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, the **guilt offering** was a special kind of sacrifice that made restitution for the desecrated object that was was mishandled by the individual who sinned unintentionally with regard to the sacred objects consecrated to Yahweh. -5:16 gao6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר֩ חָטָ֨א מִן־הַ⁠קֹּ֜דֶשׁ יְשַׁלֵּ֗ם 1 The expression **he shall restore** does not mean that the guilty individual must physically replace the desecrated object in the sacred tent. Rather, the expression **he shall restore** refers to the process of bringing the monetary value of the object in silver (in addition to one-fifth of its value) to the priest as part of the sacrifice. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “And he should make restitution for that which he which he sinned” -5:16 rlc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר֩ חָטָ֨א 1 The expression **that which he sinned** refers to the specific sacred object that the person desecrated, having mishandled it according to the commandments of Yahweh regarding the proper treatment of sacred objects. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the item that he desecrated by mishandling it and therefore sinned” +5:16 gao6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר֩ חָטָ֨א מִן־הַ⁠קֹּ֜דֶשׁ יְשַׁלֵּ֗ם 1 The expression **he shall restore** does not mean that the guilty individual must physically replace the desecrated object in the sacred tent. Rather, the expression refers to the process of bringing the monetary value of the object in silver (in addition to one-fifth of its value) to the priest as part of the sacrifice. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “And he shall make restitution for that which he which he sinned” +5:16 rlc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר֩ חָטָ֨א 1 The expression **that which he sinned** refers to the specific sacred object that the person desecrated by mishandling it according to the commandments of Yahweh regarding the proper treatment of sacred objects. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And whatever item that he desecrated by mishandling it” 5:16 zf4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִן־הַ⁠קֹּ֜דֶשׁ 1 The expression **from the holy thing** refers to the sacred items that are consecrated to Yahweh for special use in the sacred tent. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “regarding the sacred items that are consecrated to Yahweh” -5:16 nl4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אֶת־חֲמִֽישִׁת⁠וֹ֙ יוֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 Here, **it** refers to **that which he sinned**. However, the expressions **a fifth of it** and **he shall add to it** do not refer to the addition of a physical portion of the sacred object. Rather, here **it** refers to the item’s monetary value. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and a fifth of the value of the sacred object he shall add to the value of that object” +5:16 nl4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אֶת־חֲמִֽישִׁת⁠וֹ֙ יוֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 Here, **it** refers to **that which he sinned**. However, the expressions **a fifth of it** and **he will add to it** do not refer to the addition of a physical portion of the sacred object. Rather, these expressions refer to the item’s monetary value. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and a fifth of the value of the sacred object he shall add to the value of that object” 5:16 g15p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction חֲמִֽישִׁת⁠וֹ֙ 1 The **fifth** is one part out of five equal parts. -5:16 yvax rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נָתַ֥ן אֹת֖⁠וֹ 1 Here **it** refers to the monetary sum of the value of the sacred item plus **a fifth of it**, resulting in 120% of the value of the original item. Alternate translation, in a new sentence: “And he should bring the value of the sacred object, plus a fifth of its value,” -5:16 c3af rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֗ן יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../05/06.md). -5:16 geu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠אֵ֥יל הָ⁠אָשָׁ֖ם 1 Here, the expression **the ram of the guilt offering** uses the possessive form to describe a **ram** that is characterized by its use as a **guilt offering**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning generically. Alternate translation: “with the ram that the individual is offering as a guilt offering” -5:16 c61p וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). -5:17 r03h וְ⁠אִם־נֶ֨פֶשׁ֙ כִּ֣י תֶֽחֱטָ֔א 1 See how you handled the similar expression in [5:1](../05/01.md), [5:2](../05/02.md), and [5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “And when anyone sins” or “And when someone sins” +5:16 yvax rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נָתַ֥ן אֹת֖⁠וֹ 1 Here **it** refers to the monetary sum of the value of the sacred item plus **a fifth of it**, resulting in 120% of the value of the original item. Alternate translation, with a comma after: “and he shall give the value of the sacred object, plus a fifth of its value” +5:16 c3af rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֗ן יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֛י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../05/06.md). +5:16 geu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠אֵ֥יל הָ⁠אָשָׁ֖ם 1 Here, the expression **the ram of the guilt offering** uses the possessive form to describe a **ram** that is characterized by its use as a **guilt offering**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning generically. Alternate translation: “with the ram that the individual offers as a guilt offering” +5:16 c61p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). +5:17 r03h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠אִם־נֶ֨פֶשׁ֙ כִּ֣י תֶֽחֱטָ֔א 1 See how you handled the similar expression in [5:1](../05/01.md), [5:2](../05/02.md), and [5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “And when anyone sins” or “And when someone sins” 5:17 aht3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠עָֽשְׂתָ֗ה אַחַת֙ מִ⁠כָּל־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:22](../04/22.md). 5:17 onsa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אָשֵׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:2](../05/02.md). -5:17 kv1l וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you handled both this metaphor and the abstract noun in [5:1](../05/01.md). -5:18 w18m אַ֣יִל תָּמִ֧ים מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֛אן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). +5:17 kv1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you handled both this idiom and the abstract noun in [5:1](../05/01.md). +5:18 w18m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אַ֣יִל תָּמִ֧ים מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֛אן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). 5:18 wdm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֥ 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). -5:18 a3a9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠אָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how your translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). -5:18 pf98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠כִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). +5:18 a3a9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְ⁠אָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how your translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). +5:18 pf98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). 5:18 vzbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry עַ֣ל שִׁגְגָת֧⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁגָ֛ג 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he mistook** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **mistake**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider using a generic expression: “for his unintentional mistake” -5:18 w9fo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠ה֥וּא לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע 1 This phrase is a parenthetical aside that functions to provide essential background information for the current thought. That the individual **himself did not know** clarifies that he has unintentionally done wrong without knowing it, as opposed to flagrantly defying Yahweh’s commandments (that is, the “sin with a high hand”). +5:18 w9fo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠ה֥וּא לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע 1 This phrase is a parenthetical aside that functions to provide essential background information for the current thought. That the individual **himself did not know** clarifies that he has done wrong without knowing it, as opposed to flagrantly defying Yahweh’s commandments (that is, the “sin with a high hand”). Alternate translation: “but he was unaware” +5:18 irws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns וְ⁠ה֥וּא לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע 1 This expression uses the word **himself** to emphasize how significant it was that the person who previously was unaware of their unintentional sin has now come to realize what they had done. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “but even he did not know” +5:18 xtjs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠ה֥וּא לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע 1 This expression leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but he himself did not know that he had previously made this mistake” 5:18 t3jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֥ח לֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). -5:19 uez7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). -5:19 sa8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication אָשֹׁ֥ם אָשַׁ֖ם לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 The words **he is surely guilty** translate a verb that is repeated for emphasis. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly considers him guilty” +5:19 uez7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). +5:19 sa8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication אָשֹׁ֥ם אָשַׁ֖ם לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 The expression **being guilty, he is guilty** translates a verb that is repeated for emphasis. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly considers him guilty” 6:intro yt3w Missing General Notes 0 # Leviticus 6 General Notes 6:1 fi2o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. 6:2 gp5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תֶחֱטָ֔א וּ⁠מָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל 1 See how you translated the similar generic use of feminine pronouns in [2:1](../02/01.md). 6:2 s69l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וּ⁠מָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל 1 See how you translated the similar expression using repeated words in [5:15](../05/15.md). -6:2 bj5d בַּ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “by disobeying one of Yahweh’s commandments” 6:2 visv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠כִחֵ֨שׁ בַּ⁠עֲמִית֜⁠וֹ 1 As with the feminine pronouns, the words **he** and **his** refer generally to any Israelite. If the switch from feminine pronouns to masculine would be confusing in your language, consider using a generic word for a person. Alternate translation: “and that person denies his fellow citizen” -6:2 hezk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠כִחֵ֨שׁ בַּ⁠עֲמִית֜⁠וֹ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, in the context of [6:2–3](../06/02.md), the expression **denies his fellow citizen** is an idiom that refers to the actions whereby someone swears a socially-binding oath with a member of their family or clan and commits himself or herself to certain actions regarding the other person, but afterward fails to behave in accordance with the stipulations of the oath. This could be done by stealing from the other individual, extorting from them wages or any owed money, finding something that belongs to the other individual but failing to return it, or any other way of proving that the original oath was taken without intent to abide by it honestly. If the idiom here does not communicate this meaning in your language, consider using a more general expression. Alternate translation: “and he acts in such a way that breaks an oath that he made with his fellow citizen” +6:2 hezk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠כִחֵ֨שׁ בַּ⁠עֲמִית֜⁠וֹ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, in the context of [6:2–3](../06/02.md), the expression **denies his fellow citizen** is an idiom that refers to the actions whereby someone swears a socially-binding oath with a member of their family or clan and commits himself or herself to certain actions regarding the other person, but afterward fails to behave in accordance with the stipulations of the oath. This could be done by stealing from the other individual, extorting them out of wages or any owed money, finding something that belongs to the other individual but failing to return it, or any other way of proving that the original oath was taken without intent to abide by it honestly. If the idiom here does not communicate this meaning in your language, consider using a more general expression. Alternate translation: “and he acts in such a way that breaks an oath that he made with his fellow citizen” 6:2 jfwm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּ⁠עֲמִית֜⁠וֹ 1 Here, a **fellow citizen** does not refer to “citizens” in a modern sense. Rather the expression refers to another Israelite, probably a direct member of an individual’s immediate or extended family or wider clan network. If the term **citizen** would be misleading in your language, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a member of his immediate or extended family or clan” 6:2 k1zm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠פִקָּד֗וֹן 1 This **deposit** refers to either (1) a monetary down payment that served to guarantee the full payment of a larger amount. Alternate translation: “with a down payment on a larger owed sum” or (2) an item that was given from one individual to another for safekeeping. Alternate translation: “with an item given to him for safekeeping” -6:2 vren rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֽוֹ־בִ⁠תְשׂ֤וּמֶת יָד֙ 1 The expression **a pledge of a hand** refers to a physical item that is given from one member of a community to another. This item would commit the individual who received it to carry out the stipulations of the oath. Alternate translation: “or with a physical item that serves as a reminder of the terms of the oath made between them” +6:2 vren rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֽוֹ־בִ⁠תְשׂ֤וּמֶת יָד֙ 1 The expression **a pledge of a hand** refers to a physical item that is given from one member of a community to another. This item would commit the individual who received it to carry out the stipulations of the oath. Alternate translation: “or with a physical item that served as a reminder of the terms of the oath made between them” 6:2 grkn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns א֣וֹ בְ⁠גָזֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **robbery**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “or by robbing him” 6:2 d182 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit א֖וֹ עָשַׁ֥ק אֶת־עֲמִיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, to **extort** a **fellow citizen** refers to an employer refusing to pay an employee his or her wages or one member of a party willfully withholding a previously agreed-upon amount of money from the other. If this is not clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or he refuses to pay his employees or intentionally withholds money that he agreed to pay to his fellow citizen” 6:3 f043 וְ⁠נִשְׁבַּ֣ע עַל־שָׁ֑קֶר עַל־אַחַ֗ת מִ⁠כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הָ⁠אָדָ֖ם לַ⁠חֲטֹ֥א בָ⁠הֵֽנָּה 1 Alternate translation: “and he swears on a lie in any of the ways people act and consequently sin” -6:3 shnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נִשְׁבַּ֣ע עַל־שָׁ֑קֶר 1 The expression **swears on a lie** is an idiom that refers to taking an oath with another person deceitfully, that is, with the intention not to carry out the required actions of the oath. Alternate translation: “or he swears without the intention to fulfill the conditions of the oath, and so, swears deceitfully” +6:3 shnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נִשְׁבַּ֣ע עַל־שָׁ֑קֶר 1 The expression **swears on a lie** is an idiom that refers to taking an oath with another person deceitfully, that is, with the intention not to carry out the required actions of the oath. Alternate translation: “or he swears an oath without the intention to fulfill the conditions of the oath and so swears the oath deceitfully” 6:3 zsj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נִשְׁבַּ֣ע 1 The expression **he swears** does not refer to the use of profanity or taboo language. Rather, it refers to taking an oath with another person that publicly binds an individual to particular actions. If this meaning is not clear in your language or if the use of the expression **he swears** would be confusing, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or he makes an oath with another Israelite” 6:4 k9s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־יֶחֱטָ֣א וְ⁠אָשֵׁם֒ 1 The expression **when he sins** refers to committing any of the wrongdoings regarding taking an oath with a fellow Israelite described in [6:2–3](../06/02.md). If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he sins in any of the ways just described and so becomes guilty” 6:4 esh5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אָשֵׁם֒ 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:2](../05/02.md) and throughout the previous chapter. @@ -446,65 +465,62 @@ front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 6:4 d32h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry אֶת־ הַ⁠פִּקָּד֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **was deposited** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **deposit**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider using a generic expression: “whatever was deposited with him” 6:4 skzc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠פִּקָּד֔וֹן 1 See how you translated this term in [6:2](../06/02.md). 6:4 eja8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that his fellow citizen deposited with him” -6:5 ngzt א֠וֹ מִ⁠כֹּ֞ל אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׁבַ֣ע עָלָי⁠ו֮ לַ⁠שֶּׁקֶר֒ 1 Alternate translation: “or whatever he deceitfully swore and did not fulfill” +6:5 ngzt א֠וֹ מִ⁠כֹּ֞ל אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׁבַ֣ע עָלָי⁠ו֮ לַ⁠שֶּׁקֶר֒ 1 Alternate translation: “or in whatever way he deceitfully swore and did not fulfill his oath” 6:5 pux9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִשָּׁבַ֣ע עָלָי⁠ו֮ לַ⁠שֶּׁקֶר֒ 1 See how you translated the similar idiom in [6:3](../06/03.md). -6:5 sv3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 The expression **in its head** is an emphatic idiom that refers to doing something totally or completely. In this context, it connotes repaying the entire amount of the monetary value of whatever the individual has stolen, extorted, or withheld from his fellow Israelite. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “completely” or “in full” -6:5 dmrd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠שִׁלַּ֤ם אֹת⁠וֹ֙ 1 The expression **he will restore it** refers to paying back the monetary value of whatever the individual stole, extorted, or withheld from his fellow Israelite. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then he should repay the value of whatever he has stolen, extorted, or withheld from his fellow Israelite” +6:5 dmrd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠שִׁלַּ֤ם אֹת⁠וֹ֙ 1 The expression **he will restore it** refers to paying back the monetary value of whatever the individual stole, extorted, or withheld from his fellow Israelite. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then he shall repay the value of whatever he has stolen, extorted, or withheld from his fellow Israelite” +6:5 sv3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠רֹאשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 The expression **in its head** is an emphatic idiom that means “totally” or “completely.” In this context, it connotes repaying the entire value of the monetary value of whatever the individual has stolen, extorted, or withheld from his fellow Israelite. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “completely” or “in full” 6:5 vi6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠חֲמִשִׁתָ֖י⁠ו יֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **it** refers to the monetary value of what the individual owes. See how you translated this in [5:16](../05/16.md). 6:5 tr1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction וַ⁠חֲמִשִׁתָ֖י⁠ו 1 The **fifth** is one part out of five equal parts. 6:5 n94x לַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֥וּא ל֛⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “To whomever it is owed” -6:5 ilm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִתְּנֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **it** refers to the full monetary value of what the individual owes plus the additional fifth that the law requires. Alternate translation: “he should give the full monetary amount of what is owed plus the required extra fifth” -6:5 csvs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אַשְׁמָתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, the expression **on the day of his guilt** uses the possessive form to describe any **day** that is characterized by the onset of **guilt**, both in the sense of the internal feeling of having committed wrongdoing and in the legal sense of needing to provide restitution for that wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “whenever he realizes that he is guilty” -6:5 szar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אַשְׁמָתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, the abstract noun **guilt** does not refer to the guilt offering to which the same expression in [5:6](../05/06.md) and elsewhere in the previous chapter referred. Rather, it refers to both the internal sense of having committed wrongdoing and the legal state of needing to provide reparations for that wrongdoing, whether intentional or unintentional, in the same sense as the expression that you encountered in [6:4](../06/04.md). If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the day that he becomes guilty” -6:6 v5ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֥⁠וֹ יָבִ֖יא לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 As in [5:6](../05/06.md), here, **his guilt** does not refer to the legal status of guilt or to the feeling of having committed wrongdoing, but to the required penalty for that person’s guilt, that is, the sacrifice that will provide atonement for the individual’s guilt that he acquired by sinning unintentionally. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “And he should bring the sacrifice required to make restitution for his guilt to Yahweh” +6:5 ilm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִתְּנֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **it** refers to the full monetary value of what the individual owes plus the additional one-fifth that the law requires. Alternate translation: “he shall give the full monetary amount of what is owed plus the required extra one-fifth” +6:5 csvs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אַשְׁמָתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, the expression **on the day of his guilt** uses the possessive form to describe either: (1) any **day** that is characterized by the onset of **guilt**, both in the sense of the internal feeling of having committed wrongdoing and in the legal sense of needing to provide restitution for that wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “whenever he realizes that he is guilty” or (2) the day on which this individual offers their guilt offering. Alternate translation: “one the day when he offers his guilt offering” +6:5 szar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אַשְׁמָתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, the abstract noun **guilt** does not refer to the guilt offering to which the same expression in [5:6](../05/06.md) and elsewhere in the previous chapter referred. Rather, it refers to either: (1) both the internal sense of having committed wrongdoing and the legal state of needing to provide reparations for that wrongdoing, whether intentional or unintentional, in the same sense as the expression that you encountered in [6:4](../06/04.md). Alternate translation: “on the day that he becomes guilty” or (2) the individual's guilt offering. Alternate translation: “on the day when he offers his guilt offering” +6:6 v5ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֥⁠וֹ יָבִ֖יא לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 As in [5:6](../05/06.md), here, **his guilt** does not refer to the legal status of guilt or to the feeling of having committed wrongdoing, but to the required penalty for that person’s guilt, that is, the sacrifice that will provide atonement for the individual’s guilt that he acquired by sinning unintentionally. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring the sacrifice required to make restitution for his guilt to Yahweh” 6:6 yr8o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this metonymy in [5:6](../05/06.md) and [5:15](../05/15.md). -6:6 sw7j אַ֣יִל תָּמִ֧ים מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֛אן 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). +6:6 sw7j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אַ֣יִל תָּמִ֧ים מִן־הַ⁠צֹּ֛אן 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). 6:6 b7td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠עֶרְכְּ⁠ךָ֥ 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). -6:6 fppq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠אָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). -6:7 ybw2 וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). -6:7 mnh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “in the precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +6:6 fppq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְ⁠אָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). +6:7 ybw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧י⁠ו הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). +6:7 mnh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “in the precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” 6:7 n4ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠נִסְלַ֣ח ל֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **him** refers to the individual offering the sacrifice, not to the priest. If this is not clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and it will be forgiven to the individual who offers the sacrifice” 6:7 ixwy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִסְלַ֣ח ל֑⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive him” 6:7 wgkg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־אַחַ֛ת מִ⁠כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לְ⁠אַשְׁמָ֥ה בָֽ⁠הּ 1 In the phrase **all that he does to his guilt**, the abstract noun **guilt** is not the indirect object of the verb **does**, but its result or consequence. In other words, the person’s **guilt** comes as a result of something that they have done. If it would be clearer in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “concerning one thing from all that he does and becomes guilty by doing it” 6:7 eclt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִ⁠כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לְ⁠אַשְׁמָ֥ה 1 Here, the words **he** and **his** do not refer to a specific person, but generally to anyone who does something that causes him to acquire legal guilt. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “from all that any individual might do to his guilt” or “from everything that someone could do to his guilt” 6:8 kaur rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. -6:8-9 zk2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & צַ֤ו אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־בָּנָ֣י⁠ו לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to command Aaron and his sons” -6:9 hck7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־בָּנָ֣י⁠ו 1 As in [2:2](../02/02.md), at the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, **Aaron** and *his sons** constituted the priesthood. But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. Alternate translation: “Aaron and to his descendants” +6:8-9 zk2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & צַ֤ו אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־בָּנָ֣י⁠ו לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to command Aaron and his sons” +6:9 hck7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־בָּנָ֣י⁠ו 1 As in [2:2](../02/02.md), at the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, **Aaron** and *his sons** constituted the priesthood. But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and their successors. Alternate translation: “Aaron and to his descendants” 6:9 hxc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. 6:9 eo2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תּוֹרַ֖ת הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 Here, the expression **the instruction of the burnt offering** uses the possessive form to describe **instruction** that is characterized by the fact that it concerns **the burnt offering**. Alternate translation: “the instruction regarding how the priest should perform the burnt offering” -6:9 cs53 הִ֣וא הָ⁠עֹלָ֡ה עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ 1 Alternate translation: “It is a burnt offering, on the hearth, on the altar” +6:9 cs53 הִ֣וא הָ⁠עֹלָ֡ה עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ 1 Alternate translation: “It, the burnt offering is on the hearth, on the altar” 6:9 jopw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ 1 The **hearth** of **the altar** refers to the flat top of the altar where the sacrifices would be placed on top of burning coals or wood. As such, the expression **on the hearth** and **on the altar** mean basically the same thing. The second expression emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “on the top of the altar where the burning wood and coals are” 6:9 a961 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠אֵ֥שׁ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ תּ֥וּקַד בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the priests should keep the fire of the altar burning” -6:9 kjwz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אֵ֥שׁ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ 1 Here, the expression **the fire of the altar** uses the possessive form to describe **fire** that is characterized by its location on **altar**. Alternate translation: “the fire that is on top of the altar” -6:10 ko21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִדּ֣⁠וֹ בַ֗ד 1 This **linen robe** is described in [Exodus 28:1–5](exod/28/01.md) and [Exod 28:31–35](exod/28/31.md). It was a blue linen robe made of one piece of fabric, covered in a design of blue, purple, and scarlet pomegranates and included gold bells on the hem. If your language has a term for a special outer garment, especially in religious contexts, consider using it here. +6:9 kjwz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אֵ֥שׁ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ 1 Here, the expression **the fire of the altar** uses the possessive form to describe **fire** that is characterized by its location on **altar**. Alternate translation: “And the fire that is on top of the altar” +6:10 ko21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִדּ֣⁠וֹ בַ֗ד 1 This **linen robe** is described in [Exodus 28:1–5](../exod/28/01.md) and [Exod 28:31–35](../exod/28/31.md). It was a blue linen robe made of one piece of fabric, covered in a design of blue, purple, and scarlet pomegranates, and included gold bells on the hem. If your language has a term for a special outer garment, especially in religious contexts, consider using it here. 6:10 fpgc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַ֗ד & בַד֮ 1 This **linen** is a flax-based textile made from fibers derived from the stems of the flax plant. If your language does not have a word for this kind of fabric, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “fine fabric … fine fabric" -6:10 wc6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠מִֽכְנְסֵי־ בַד֮ 1 These **undergarments of linen** are described in [Exodus 28:1–5](exod/28/01.md) and [Exod 28:42–43](exod/28/43.md). Covering the priest from the waist to the thigh, they were required whenever the priest entered the tent of meeting or approached the altar to perform a sacrifice. If your language has a word for special undergarments that a person might wear in religious contexts, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “and his ceremonial linen underwear” -6:10 tfzo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִלְבַּ֣שׁ עַל־בְּשָׂר⁠וֹ֒ 1 Here, **flesh** is either (1) an idiomatic expression for bare skin. Alternate translation: “he should wear directly on his skin” or 2) a euphemism for male genitals. Alternate translation: “he should wear in order to cover his genitals” -6:10 m8t8 וְ⁠הֵרִ֣ים 1 Alternate translation: “And he should remove” -6:10 y6a1 אֶת־הַ⁠דֶּ֗שֶׁן 1 See how you translated this term in [1:16](../01/16.md). -6:10 m875 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֥ל הָ⁠אֵ֛שׁ אֶת־ הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 The author of Leviticus uses the image of **the fire** consuming or eating **the burnt offering** to refer to the process that the sacrifice undergoes as the fire burns it until it is **fatty ash**. If your language has a similar idiom used to describe fire that completely burns something, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “where the fire has completely burned the burnt offerings on the altar so that they are now nothing but ash” -6:10 m85x rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠שָׂמ֕⁠וֹ 1 Here, **it** refers to the **fatty ash** that has accumulated on the altar. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and he should put the fatty ash that has accumulated on the altar** +6:10 wc6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠מִֽכְנְסֵי־ בַד֮ 1 These **undergarments of linen** are described in [Exodus 28:1–5](../exod/28/01.md) and [Exod 28:42–43](../exod/28/43.md). Covering the priest from the waist to the thigh, they were required whenever the priest entered the tent of meeting or approached the altar to perform a sacrifice. If your language has a word for special undergarments that a person might wear in religious contexts, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “and his ceremonial linen underwear” +6:10 tfzo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִלְבַּ֣שׁ עַל־בְּשָׂר⁠וֹ֒ 1 Here, **flesh** is either: (1) an idiomatic expression for bare skin. Alternate translation: “he should wear directly on his skin” or 2) a euphemism for male genitals. Alternate translation: “he should wear in order to cover his genitals” +6:10 m8t8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הֵרִ֣ים 1 See how you translated this idiom in [4:8](../04/08.md). Alternate translation: “And he shall remove” +6:10 y6a1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠דֶּ֗שֶׁן 1 See how you translated this term in [1:16](../01/16.md). +6:10 m875 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֥ל הָ⁠אֵ֛שׁ אֶת־ הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 Leviticus uses the image of **the fire** consuming or eating **the burnt offering** to refer to the process that the sacrifice undergoes as the fire burns it until it is **fatty ash**. If your language has a similar idiom used to describe a fire that completely burns something, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “where the fire has completely burned the burnt offerings on the altar so that they are now nothing but ash” +6:10 m85x rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠שָׂמ֕⁠וֹ 1 Here, **it** refers to the **fatty ash** that has accumulated on the altar. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and he shall put the fatty ash that has accumulated** 6:11 hr24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔י⁠ו 1 Here, **his clothes** refers to the linen robe and the linen undergarments described in the previous verse. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his linen robe and undergarments” 6:11 ggt0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים 1 Here, **other clothes** refers to common, everyday clothing that the priest owns that could be used for removing the ash to the clean place without the danger of making something sacred, like his special linen clothing, become desecrated and common. Alternate translation: “other, everyday, common clothing” -6:11 kazg אֶל־מִ⁠ח֣וּץ לַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֔ה אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָהֽוֹר 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:12](../04/12.md). 6:12 w5lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠הָ⁠אֵ֨שׁ עַל־ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ תּֽוּקַד־ בּ⁠וֹ֙ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md). -6:12 z80u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בַּ⁠בֹּ֣קֶר בַּ⁠בֹּ֑קֶר 1 The repetition of the phrase **in the morning** is an emphatic way to say “every morning.” If your language also uses repetition for emphasis in this way, consider doing so here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every morning” or “morning by morning” +6:12 z80u rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry בַּ⁠בֹּ֣קֶר בַּ⁠בֹּ֑קֶר 1 The repetition of the phrase **in the morning** is an emphatic way to say “every morning.” If your language also uses repetition for emphasis in this way, consider doing so here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every morning” or “morning by morning” 6:12 xjsb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָלֶ֧י⁠הָ & עָלֶ֨י⁠הָ֙ & עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ 1 Here, **it** refers to **the fire on the altar**. Alternate translation: “on the fire that is on the altar ... on that same fire ... on the altar’s fire” -6:12 xpmu וְ⁠הִקְטִ֥יר עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +6:12 xpmu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֥יר עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). 6:12 jp9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֶלְבֵ֥י הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִֽים 1 The **fat of the peace offerings** refers to the portions of fat described in [3:3–4](../03/03.md) and elsewhere in chapter 3. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the fat portions that are required for the peace offerings, including the fat covering the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys and the fat that is on them that is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” 6:13 j84c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֵ֗שׁ תָּמִ֛יד תּוּקַ֥ד עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md). 6:14 xwgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md). Alternate translation: “And this is the instruction regarding how the priest should perform the grain offering” 6:14 nch7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). -6:14 k3r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the precinct of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” -6:14 os48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ 1 The expression **toward the face of the altar** is a prepositional idiom that refers to the space in front of the front side of the altar. Alternate translation: “before the altar” or “in the space in front of the altar” +6:14 k3r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the precinct of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +6:14 os48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ 1 The expression **toward the face of the altar** is an idiom that refers to the space in front of the front side of the altar. Alternate translation: “before the altar” or “in the space in front of the altar” 6:15 zrxr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הֵרִ֨ים מִמֶּ֜⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest who is offering the grain offering. If it be helpful in your language, consider making the reference explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall raise up from it” -6:15 mj35 בְּ⁠קֻמְצ֗⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “with a large handful” 6:15 vkkx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִ⁠סֹּ֤לֶת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:1](../02/01.md). 6:15 yu8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֣יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֗חַ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And he will cause everything to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward God in heaven” -6:15 cs5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵ֧יחַ נִיחֹ֛חַ & לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 See how you translated these expressions in [1:9](../01/09.md). -6:16 q6ww וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתֶ֣רֶת מִמֶּ֔⁠נָּה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). +6:16 q6ww וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתֶ֣רֶת מִמֶּ֔⁠נָּה 1 Alternate translation: “And the rest of the grain offering” 6:16 vytc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַהֲרֹ֣ן וּ⁠בָנָ֑י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the similar way of referring to the priests in [2:2](../02/02.md). -6:16 l34o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-parallelism מַצּ֤וֹת תֵּֽאָכֵל֙ בְּ⁠מָק֣וֹם קָדֹ֔שׁ בַּ⁠חֲצַ֥ר אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד יֹאכְלֽוּ⁠הָ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Unleavened bread should be eaten in a holy place. Yes, the priests should it eat it in the courtyard of the tent of meeting” +6:16 l34o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-parallelism מַצּ֤וֹת תֵּֽאָכֵל֙ בְּ⁠מָק֣וֹם קָדֹ֔שׁ בַּ⁠חֲצַ֥ר אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד יֹאכְלֽוּ⁠הָ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Unleavened bread should be eaten in a holy place. Specifically, the priests should eat it in the courtyard of the tent of meeting” 6:16 yl98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַצּ֤וֹת תֵּֽאָכֵל֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They shall eat the unleavened bread” 6:17 scb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֤א תֵאָפֶה֙ חָמֵ֔ץ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not bake it with leaven” 6:17 jbz4 חֶלְקָ֛⁠ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֹתָ֖⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “I have given them their portion” @@ -512,8 +528,8 @@ front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 6:17 sw40 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֶלְקָ֛⁠ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֹתָ֖⁠הּ מֵ⁠אִשָּׁ֑⁠י 1 The phrase **Their portion** refers to the portion of the grain offering that remains after the memorial portion has been lifted out and burned. This remaining portion was to be reserved for the priests to eat. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From all my gifts, I have given to the priests for food the portion of the grain offering that is left over after the memorial portion is burned” 6:17 rvti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֤דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁים֙ הִ֔וא 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). 6:17 k5hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּ⁠חַטָּ֖את 1 See how you translated this term in [4:3](../04/03.md). -6:17 vnhv c://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠כָ⁠אָשָֽׁם 1 See how you translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). -6:18 imdc כָּל־זָכָ֞ר בִּ⁠בְנֵ֤י אַהֲרֹן֙ יֹֽאכֲלֶ֔⁠נָּה 1 Alternate translation: “Every male among the sons of Aaron is permitted to eat it” or “Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it” +6:17 vnhv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠כָ⁠אָשָֽׁם 1 See how you translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). +6:18 imdc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative כָּל־זָכָ֞ר בִּ⁠בְנֵ֤י אַהֲרֹן֙ יֹֽאכֲלֶ֔⁠נָּה 1 This expression uses a future statement to issue permission. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Every male among the sons of Aaron is permitted to eat it” or “Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it” 6:18 n55t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar possessive form in [2:3](../02/03.md). 6:18 n43x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בָּ⁠הֶ֖ם יִקְדָּֽשׁ 1 This could mean: (1) any object or person that touches the portion of the offering reserved for the priests’ food becomes as holy as the portion itself. Alternate translation: “Anyone or anything that touches them becomes holy” (2) any person who touches this offering must be someone set apart for handling sacred items, that is, the priests alone. Alternate translation: “Anyone who touches them must be holy themselves” 6:19 sx4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. @@ -526,56 +542,56 @@ front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 6:20 uya3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction עֲשִׂירִ֨ת 1 A **tenth** is one part of ten equal parts. 6:20 yptr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מַחֲצִיתָ֣⁠הּ בַּ⁠בֹּ֔קֶר וּ⁠מַחֲצִיתָ֖⁠הּ בָּ⁠עָֽרֶב 1 This expression leaves out some words that may be essential for understanding in some languages. The phrase refers to a requirement to bring **half** of the prescribed grain offering in the first half of the day, and the other half later on, in the second half of the day. If it would be helpful in your language, consider starting a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “The priest should bring half of the grain offering in the morning and the other half in the evening” 6:21 kkw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive עַֽל־מַחֲבַ֗ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֛מֶן תֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest should prepare it in oil on a griddle” -6:21 w6vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַֽל־מַחֲבַ֗ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֛מֶן תֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 This expression refers to a method of cooking flour that has been mixed with oil similar to modern-day pan-frying. The batter, comprised of wheat flour and oil, is placed on a hot, flat surface that has been coated with a generous amount of olive oil. If your language has a word for this method of cooking, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “It should be pan-fried in olive oil on a griddle ” -6:21 r8ne rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עַֽל־ מַחֲבַ֗ת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:5](../02/05.md). +6:21 w6vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַֽל־מַחֲבַ֗ת בַּ⁠שֶּׁ֛מֶן תֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 This expression refers to a method of cooking flour that has been mixed with oil similar to modern-day pan-frying. The batter, comprised of wheat flour and oil, is placed on a hot, flat surface that has been coated with a generous amount of olive oil. If your language has a word for this method of cooking, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “It shall be pan-fried in olive oil on a griddle ” +6:21 r8ne rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַחֲבַ֗ת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:5](../02/05.md). 6:21 j4wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֻרְבֶּ֣כֶת 1 The word translated **Mixed** refers to either (1) the flour and oil being “well-mixed” or “kneaded.” Alternate translation: “You should bring it well kneaded” or (2) the flour being “well soaked” with oil. Alternate translation: “You should bring it thoroughly soaked with oil” -6:21 u6mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תְּבִיאֶ֑⁠נָּה & תַּקְרִ֥יב 1 As the General Introduction to the book of Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even in a direct address. However, as the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here and throughout the rest of the chapter, the author of Leviticus switches to a second-person address. If you have been using third-person pronouns since chapter 4, and the sudden switch to second-person would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use the third-person in your translation. Alternate translation: “he should bring it … he should present” -6:21 x83n רֵֽיחַ־ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַ⁠יהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). -6:22 ciwr וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֧יחַ תַּחְתָּ֛י⁠ו מִ⁠בָּנָ֖י⁠ו יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, **it** refers to the unique grain offering required on the day of the priest’s anointing for the priesthood, as described in [6:19–20](../06/19.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest under him from his sons should prepare this particular grain offering” -6:22 o4t3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֧יחַ תַּחְתָּ֛י⁠ו 1 The expression **the anointed priest under him** refers to the priest from among the descendants of the current high priest who has been appointed by the symbolic action of being anointed to be the next high priest. If your language has a similar idiom to express succession, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest who will succeed him” +6:21 u6mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תְּבִיאֶ֑⁠נָּה & תַּקְרִ֥יב 1 As the General Introduction to the book of Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even in a direct address. However, as the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here and throughout the rest of the chapter, the author of Leviticus switches to a second-person address. If you have been using third-person pronouns since chapter 4, and the sudden switch to second-person would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use the third-person in your translation. Alternate translation: “he shall bring it … he shall present” +6:22 ciwr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֧יחַ תַּחְתָּ֛י⁠ו מִ⁠בָּנָ֖י⁠ו יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, **it** refers to the unique grain offering required on the day of the priest’s anointing for the priesthood, as described in [6:19–20](../06/19.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest under him from his sons should prepare this particular grain offering” +6:22 o4t3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֧יחַ תַּחְתָּ֛י⁠ו 1 The expression **the anointed priest under him** refers to the priest from among the descendants of the current high priest who has been appointed to be the next high priest. If your language has a similar idiom to express succession, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest who will succeed him” 6:22 mihg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן הַ⁠מָּשִׁ֧יחַ 1 See how you translated this way of referring to the high priest in [4:3](../04/03.md). 6:22 qs7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לַ⁠יהוָ֖ה כָּלִ֥יל תָּקְטָֽר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. To formulate this sentence with an active form, see how you translated the expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “the priests should burn the whole offering and so cause it to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards Yahweh in heaven” -6:23 lhn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠כָל־מִנְחַ֥ת כֹּהֵ֛ן כָּלִ֥יל תִּהְיֶ֖ה 1 This phrase instructs the priests to remember to offer this particular grain offering in its entirety, as opposed to the normal grain offerings, where the priest only burned the portion that he lifted out with a handful or the pieces that he chose to crumbled up on the altar. In these cases, the rest of the grain offering was permitted to be kept by the priest for food. Alternate translation: “As opposed to normal grain offerings, remember, this special grain offering that a priest offers when the high priest anoints him to become a priest should be offered on the altar in its entirety” +6:23 lhn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠כָל־מִנְחַ֥ת כֹּהֵ֛ן כָּלִ֥יל תִּהְיֶ֖ה 1 This phrase instructs the priests to remember to offer this particular grain offering in its entirety, as opposed to the normal grain offerings, where the priest only burned the portion that he lifted out with a handful of the pieces that he chose to crumble up on the altar. In these cases, the rest of the grain offering was permitted to be kept by the priest for food. Alternate translation: “As opposed to normal grain offerings, remember, this special grain offering that a priest offers when the high priest anoints him to become a priest should be offered on the altar in its entirety” 6:23 v7ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א תֵאָכֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one should eat this special grain offering that a priest offers when the high priest anoints him to become a priest” 6:24 iwut rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. 6:24-25 jr62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְ⁠אֶל־ בָּנָ֣י⁠ו לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to say to Aaron and his sons” 6:25 xb9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. -6:25 m73v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תּוֹרַ֖ת הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֑את 1 As is the case with the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md), the expression **the instruction of the purification offering** uses the possessive form to describe **instruction** that is characterized by the fact that it regards **the purification offering**. Alternate translation: “is the instruction concerning how a priest should perform the purification offering” +6:25 m73v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תּוֹרַ֖ת הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֑את 1 As is the case with the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md), the expression **the instruction of the purification offering** uses the possessive form to describe **instruction** that is characterized by the fact that it regards **the sin offering**. Alternate translation: “is the instruction concerning how a priest should perform the sin offering” 6:25 e32d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בִּ⁠מְק֡וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָ⁠עֹלָ֜ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in the place where people slaughter the burnt offering” -6:25 pld6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense בִּ⁠מְק֡וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָ⁠עֹלָ֜ה 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing this specific sacrifice. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe the action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past action. Alternate translation: “in the same location where the burnt offering would normally be slaughtered” -6:25 zni8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people should also slaughter the purification offering” -6:25 grig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +6:25 pld6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense בִּ⁠מְק֡וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָ⁠עֹלָ֜ה 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing this specific sacrifice. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe the action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past actions. Alternate translation: “in the same location where the burnt offering would normally be slaughtered” +6:25 zni8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people should also slaughter the sin offering” +6:25 grig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). 6:25 g8qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). 6:26 eaw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בְּ⁠מָק֤וֹם קָדֹשׁ֙ תֵּֽאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He shall eat it in a holy place” 6:27 is2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בִּ⁠בְשָׂרָ֖⁠הּ יִקְדָּ֑שׁ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:18](../06/18.md). -6:27 hsg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠בְשָׂרָ֖⁠הּ 1 Here, the expression **its flesh** refers to the meat of the purification offering. Alternate translation: “the meat of the purification offering that is not burned completely on the altar” +6:27 hsg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠בְשָׂרָ֖⁠הּ 1 Here, the expression **its meat** refers to the meat of the sin offering. Alternate translation: “the meat of the sin offering that is not burned completely on the altar” 6:27 sjth וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִזֶּ֤ה מִ⁠דָּמָ⁠הּ֙ עַל־הַ⁠בֶּ֔גֶד אֲשֶׁר֙ יִזֶּ֣ה עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ תְּכַבֵּ֖ס בְּ⁠מָק֥וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ 1 Alternate translation: “And whoever sprinkles some of its blood on any clothing should wash the places where the blood was sprinkled on the clothing in a holy place” -6:27 rd0i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִזֶּ֤ה מִ⁠דָּמָ⁠הּ֙ עַל־הַ⁠בֶּ֔גֶד אֲשֶׁר֙ יִזֶּ֣ה עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ תְּכַבֵּ֖ס בְּ⁠מָק֥וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ׃ 1 It is implied that the blood should be sprinkled not on clothing but only on sacred objects, like the altar, in order to cleanse them from the impurity of sin. This phrase refers to a hypothetical scenario in which, in the process of sprinkling the blood on the sacred objects, some blood also comes into contact with someone’s clothing, requiring the clothing to be carefully washed. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the implied information explicit. Alternate translation: “And whoever, in the process of sprinkling blood on the sacred objects of the tent of meeting, also accidentally sprinkles some of the blood on the clothing, wherever he sprinkles on it, you must wash that spot in a holy place” -6:27 rtwr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תְּכַבֵּ֖ס 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third-person, even though it is a direct address. However, as the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here and throughout the rest of the chapter, the author of Leviticus switches to a second-person address. If you have been using third-person pronouns since chapter 4, and the sudden switch to second-person would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use the third-person in your translation. Alternate translation: “a person shall wash” -6:28 f316 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠כְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּבֻשַּׁל־ בּ֖⁠וֹ יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest should shatter any container of earthenware in which he has boiled the purification offering” +6:27 rd0i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִזֶּ֤ה מִ⁠דָּמָ⁠הּ֙ עַל־הַ⁠בֶּ֔גֶד אֲשֶׁר֙ יִזֶּ֣ה עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ תְּכַבֵּ֖ס בְּ⁠מָק֥וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ׃ 1 It is implied that the blood should be sprinkled not on clothing but only on sacred objects, like the altar, in order to cleanse them from the impurity of sin. This phrase refers to a hypothetical scenario in which, in the process of sprinkling the blood on the sacred objects, some blood also comes into contact with someone’s clothing, requiring the clothing to be carefully washed. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the implied information explicit. Alternate translation: “And whoever, in the process of sprinkling blood on the sacred objects of the tent of meeting, also accidentally sprinkles some of the blood on the clothing, wherever he sprinkles on it, he must wash that spot in a holy place” +6:27 rtwr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תְּכַבֵּ֖ס 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. However, as the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here and throughout the rest of the chapter, the author of Leviticus switches to a second-person address. If you have been using third-person pronouns since chapter 4, and the sudden switch to second-person would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use the third-person in your translation. Alternate translation: “a person shall wash” +6:28 f316 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠כְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּבֻשַּׁל־ בּ֖⁠וֹ יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest should shatter any container of earthenware in which he has boiled the sin offering” 6:28 wlyw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠כְלִי־חֶ֛רֶשׂ & בִּ⁠כְלִ֤י נְחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ 1 The **container of earthenware** and the **container of bronze** refer to cooking vessels made from **earthenware** or **bronze**, likely resembling modern kitchen pots, in which meat could be cooked in boiling water. If your language has a specific word for a kitchen pot made from these materials, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And an earthenware pot … in a bronze pot” 6:28 sia1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חֶ֛רֶשׂ 1 The **container** is described as made of **earthenware**, which refers to a material similar to clay or potsherds, out of which a pot-shaped vessel could be shaped and baked in a kiln until hardened. If your language has a specific word for this material, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “clay” -6:28 e4tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠אִם־בִּ⁠כְלִ֤י נְחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ בֻּשָּׁ֔לָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But if the priest has boiled the purification offering in a container of bronze” +6:28 e4tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠אִם־בִּ⁠כְלִ֤י נְחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ בֻּשָּׁ֔לָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But if the priest has boiled the sin offering in a container of bronze” 6:28 at58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מֹרַ֥ק וְ⁠שֻׁטַּ֖ף בַּ⁠מָּֽיִם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then he should scour the bronze container and rinse it with water” -6:29 al20 כָּל־זָכָ֥ר בַּ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֖ים יֹאכַ֣ל אֹתָ֑⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “Every male among the sons of Aaron is permitted to eat it” or “Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it” +6:29 al20 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative כָּל־זָכָ֥ר בַּ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֖ים יֹאכַ֣ל אֹתָ֑⁠הּ 1 See how you translated the similar use of a future form to indicate permission in [6:18](../06/18/.md). Alternate translation: “Every male among the sons of Aaron is permitted to eat it” or “Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it” 6:29 cva6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). -6:30 b4w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠כָל־ חַטָּ֡את אֲשֶׁר֩ יוּבָ֨א מִ⁠דָּמָ֜⁠הּ אֶל־ אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But every purification offering that requires the priest to bring some of its blood into the tent of meeting” -6:30 pcz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). +6:30 b4w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠כָל־ חַטָּ֡את אֲשֶׁר֩ יוּבָ֨א מִ⁠דָּמָ֜⁠הּ אֶל־ אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But every sin offering that requires the priest to bring some of its blood into the tent of meeting” +6:30 pcz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). 6:30 kgra rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 The expression **the holy place** is another way of referring to the portion of the tent of meeting which housed the altar and sacred objects that the priest would sprinkle with the blood of the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting” +6:30 dt9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative לֹ֣א תֵאָכֵ֑ל בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף 1 These expressions use a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “it must not be eaten. It must be burned with fire” or “it should not be eaten. It should be burned with fire” 6:30 yz83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֣א תֵאָכֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one is permitted to eat it” 6:30 w6h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּשָּׂרֵֽף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest must burn it” 7:intro nbv3 0 # Leviticus 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, peace offerings and freewill offerings.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Blood\n\nThe people were not allowed to eat or drink the blood of the sacrificed animal because life was considered to be in the blood of the animal. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [Leviticus 17:11](../../lev/17/11.md)) 7:1 rct1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הָ⁠אָשָׁ֑ם 1\n\n See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [5:15](../05/15.md). 7:1 m86w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הֽוּא 1\n\n See how you translated this expression in [6:17](../06/17.md). -7:2 w7q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense בִּ⁠מְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣⁠עֹלָ֔ה 1\n\n Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the future tense to describe future action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual will perform this specific action. Rather, the future tense is being used to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to a specific future action. Alternate translation: “In the location where the burnt offering would normally be slaughtered” -7:2 i8iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ & יִשְׁחֲט֖וּ 1\n\n Here, **they** refers generically to anyone who might perform these actions. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a general expression for a person. Alternate translation: “someone normally slaughters… people shall slaughter” or “an individual slaughters … that individual shall slaughter” +7:2 w7q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense בִּ⁠מְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣⁠עֹלָ֔ה 1\n\n Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the future tense to describe future action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual will perform this specific action. Rather, the future tense is used to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to a specific future action. Alternate translation: “In the location where the burnt offering would normally be slaughtered” +7:2 i8iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ & יִשְׁחֲט֖וּ 1\n\n Here, **they** refers generically to anyone who might perform these actions. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a general expression for a person. Alternate translation: “someone normally slaughters … people shall slaughter” or “an individual slaughters … that individual shall slaughter” 7:2 grkl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ & יִשְׁחֲט֖וּ 1\n\n Although the end of the last chapter addressed the people of Israel using a second-person singular form, here the author of Leviticus addresses everyone who approaches the tent of meeting to sacrifice using a third-person plural form. If the switch from second-person forms to third-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider using whichever form you have been using throughout the previous chapters. 7:2 dhkm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הָ֣⁠עֹלָ֔ה 1\n\n See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [1:3](../01/03.md). -7:2 tzsl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אֶת־דָּמ֛⁠וֹ יִזְרֹ֥ק 1\n\n Here, **he** does not refer to the person offering the sacrifice but rather to the priest, the individual normally responsible for splattering **the blood** on **the altar**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And its blood the priest shall splash” +7:2 tzsl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אֶת־דָּמ֛⁠וֹ יִזְרֹ֥ק 1\n\n Here, **he** does not refer to the person offering the sacrifice but rather to the priest, the individual normally responsible for splashing **the blood** on **the altar**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And its blood the priest shall splash” 7:3 xzk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יַקְרִ֣יב 1\n\n Here, **he** does not refer to the priest but to the individual offering the sacrifice, the person normally responsible for butchering and preparing the animal’s fat. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the individual offering the sacrifice shall present” -7:3 xhdr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֵ֚ת הָֽ⁠אַלְיָ֔ה וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֖לֶב הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֥ה אֶת־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב 1\n\n See how you translated these terms in [3:3](../03/03.md). +7:3 xhdr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֵ֚ת הָֽ⁠אַלְיָ֔ה וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֖לֶב הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּ֥ה אֶת־הַ⁠קֶּֽרֶב 1\n\n See how you translated these terms in [3:9](../03/09.md). 7:4 tiur rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֔ת וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠כְּסָלִ֑ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1\n\n See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md). -7:5 bh08 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר אֹתָ֤⁠ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1\n\n See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +7:5 bh08 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֨יר אֹתָ֤⁠ם הַ⁠כֹּהֵן֙ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חָ⁠ה 1\n\n See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). 7:5 aa8f אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1\n\n See how you translated the similar expression in [2:11](../02/11.md). 7:6 y9wb כָּל־זָכָ֥ר בַּ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֖ים יֹאכְלֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1\n\n Alternate translation: “Every male among the sons of Aaron is permitted to eat it” or “Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it” 7:6 ei3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they shall eat it” @@ -625,14 +641,14 @@ front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 7:16 z5nx וּ⁠מִֽ⁠מָּחֳרָ֔ת וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ 1 Alternate translation: “And the next day, the rest of it” 7:17 havi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֖ר מִ⁠בְּשַׂ֣ר הַ⁠זָּ֑בַח בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ 1 It might seem that the expression **will be burned with fire** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “But the remainder from the meat of the sacrifice will be completely burned on the third day” 7:17 fqvh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֖ר מִ⁠בְּשַׂ֣ר הַ⁠זָּ֑בַח בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the priests should burn the remainder of the meat of the sacrifice with fire on the third day” -7:17 vr3a וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֖ר 1 See how you translated this term in [2:3](../02/03.md). +7:17 vr3a וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֖ר מִ⁠בְּשַׂ֣ר הַ⁠זָּ֑בַח 1 Alternate translation: “But the remaining meat from the sacrifice” 7:17 m4fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י 1 The word **third** is the ordinal number for three. The day that the animal is sacrificed counts as the first day. Alternate translation: “after two days” -7:18 zhtf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְ⁠אִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִ⁠בְּשַׂר־זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜י⁠ו 1 Here the expression **is ever eaten** uses a repetition of the verbal form in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “And if some of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings is at any time eaten” -7:18 oqhi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠אִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִ⁠בְּשַׂר־זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜י⁠ו 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if anyone ever eats some of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings” +7:18 zhtf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְ⁠אִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִ⁠בְּשַׂר־זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜י⁠ו 1 Here the author of Leviticus uses a repetition of the verbal form **is eaten** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “And if some of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings is at any time eaten” +7:18 oqhi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠אִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִ⁠בְּשַׂר־זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜י⁠ו 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if, eating, anyone eats some of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings” 7:18 rfk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֣א יֵרָצֶה֒ הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֣יב אֹת֗⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not accept the person who presented it” 7:18 rzi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֧א יֵחָשֵׁ֛ב ל֖⁠וֹ\n 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not account the sacrifice to him” 7:18 em1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֧א יֵחָשֵׁ֛ב ל֖⁠וֹ 1 Here, the forgiveness brought about by the sacrifice is spoken of using legal or possibly financial terminology, as if the sacrifice would be accredited to a person’s account before Yahweh. If your language uses similar metaphors to convey these ideas, consider using them here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “the person who offers the sacrifice will not be forgiven” -7:18 w5e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פִּגּ֣וּל 1 For the meat of a sacrifice to be **defiled** means that it has remained uneaten for an unacceptably long time such that it is now no longer acceptable to Yahweh. Consequently, eating **defiled** meat would make the sacrifice itself ineffective for acquiring forgiveness from Yahweh. If your language has a religious term for this kind of desecrated meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternative translation: “spoiled and unacceptable meat” +7:18 w5e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פִּגּ֣וּל 1 For the meat of a sacrifice to be **defiled** means that it has remained uneaten for an unacceptably long time such that it is now no longer acceptable to Yahweh. Consequently, eating **defiled** meat would make the sacrifice itself ineffective. If your language has a religious term for this kind of desecrated meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternative translation: “spoiled and unacceptable meat” 7:18 jgq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠הַ⁠נֶּ֛פֶשׁ הָ⁠אֹכֶ֥לֶת מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ עֲוֺנָ֥⁠הּ תִּשָּֽׂא 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). 7:18 yorf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עֲוֺנָ֥⁠הּ תִּשָּֽׂא 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:1](../05/01.md). 7:19 ef1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּשָׂ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּ֤ע בְּ⁠כָל־טָמֵא֙ לֹ֣א יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the priests shall not eat the meat that touches any unclean thing” @@ -641,212 +657,457 @@ front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 7:19 gnjy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵ֑ף 1 See how you translated this expression in [7:17](../07/17.md). 7:19 b8tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׂרֵ֑ף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priests shall burn it” 7:19 zi2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠הַ֨⁠בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 The phrase **the meat** leaves out information that some languages might consider essential to understanding. It refers to clean meat that has not touched anything unclean, in contrast to **the meat that touches any unclean thing**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate expression: “But, as for clean meat that has not touched any unclean thing” -7:19 cj9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־טָה֖וֹר 1 The expression **any clean person** refers to any individual who has succeeded in remaining ceremonially clean by abstaining from touching anything that would render him unclean, as determined by Leviticus. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “any person who has not touched anything unclean and so has, himself, remained clean” +7:19 cj9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־טָה֖וֹר 1 The expression **any clean person** refers to any individual who has succeeded in remaining ceremonially clean by abstaining from touching anything that would render him unclean, as instructed by Leviticus. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “any person who has not touched anything unclean and so has, himself, remained clean” 7:19 ls5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּשָֽׂר 1 The **meat** referred to here is the same as **the meat** that has not touched anything unclean and so is considered clean. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “any clean meat” 7:20 rxcw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠הַ⁠נֶּ֜פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאכַ֣ל בָּשָׂ֗ר 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). 7:20 qn8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּשָׂ֗ר מִ⁠זֶּ֤בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה 1 The expression **the peace offerings that are for Yahweh** might seem to imply that the peace offerings supply Yahweh with food. However, as stated before, Yahweh does not eat, nor does he need food from human beings. The peace offerings belong to Yahweh in the sense that they are dedicated especially to Yahweh’s special purposes. Consequently, the portions of meat from these sacrifices are not to be used for any common purpose. In your translation, make sure that it is not implied that the meat from these sacrifices provides Yahweh with food. 7:20 pk97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠טֻמְאָת֖⁠וֹ עָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 A person who is not fit for God’s special, sacred space is spoken of as if **his uncleanness** were physically resting **on him**. If your language would use a similar metaphor, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and he is unclean” 7:20 i2g0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠טֻמְאָת֖⁠וֹ עָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 The words **his** and **him** are being used generically to refer to anyone who might become unclean and so should avoid eating the meat that is especially set apart for holy purposes. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the uncleanness of that person is on him” 7:20 miq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠טֻמְאָת֖⁠וֹ עָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 See how you handled the abstract noun **uncleanness** in [5:3](../05/03.md). -7:20 iyf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 Again, the words **soul** and **her** are feminine and refer generically to any individual who has eaten the meat of the sacrifice while they were considered unclean. See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). -7:20 m7mh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 The punishment for a person eating the meat that is dedicated to Yahweh while they are considered unclean is spoken of as if the person were being literally cut off from his people. This could be: (1) an idiom that refers to Yahweh’s executing divine judgment against the individual in some unspecified manner, thus removing the person from the people of God. Alternate translation: “then that person will be punished and removed from her people” or, to avoid the passive form, “then Yahweh will execute divine judgment against that person and remove her from her people” (2) a metaphor that refers to the people excommunicating the individual from her community. Alternative translation: “then that person should be removed from her people and excommunicated” or, to avoid the passive form, “then the people should remove that person from the people and refuse to have contact with her” -7:20 a43e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel shall cut off that person” +7:20 iyf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 Again, the word **person** is feminine and refers generically to any individual who has eaten the meat of the sacrifice while he was considered unclean. See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). +7:20 m7mh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 The punishment for a person eating the meat that is dedicated to Yahweh while they are considered unclean is spoken of as if the person were being literally cut off from his people. This could be: (1) an idiom that refers to Yahweh’s executing divine judgment against the individual in some unspecified manner, thus removing the person from the people of God. Alternate translation: “then that person will be punished and removed from her people” or, to avoid the passive form, “then Yahweh will execute divine judgment against that person and remove her from her people” or (2) a metaphor that refers to the people excommunicating the individual from her community. Alternative translation: “then that person should be removed from her people and excommunicated” or, to avoid the passive form, “then the people should remove that person from the people and refuse to have contact with her” +7:20 a43e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. For interpretive options for this expression, see the previous note. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel shall cut off that person” or ”Yahweh shall cut off that person” 7:21 wmem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠נֶ֜פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תִגַּ֣ע 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). 7:21 j99o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠כָל־טָמֵ֗א 1 See how you translated the use of this term in [5:2](../05/02.md). 7:21 hq6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠טֻמְאַ֤ת אָדָם֙ 1 See how you translated the use of this expression in [5:3](../05/03.md). -7:21 g4kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠בְהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֗ה 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, the animals considered clean and unclean are described in detail in [11:1–47](../11/01.md). Something was considered unclean and potentially able to defile the space or objects that were dedicated especially for Yahweh and for his purposes when they were culturally associated with death. +7:21 g4kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טְמֵאָ֗ה & טָמֵ֔א 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, the animals considered clean and unclean are described in detail in [11:1–47](../11/01.md). Something was considered unclean and potentially able to defile the space or objects that were dedicated especially for Yahweh and for his purposes when they were culturally associated with death. If your language has a term for this concept, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “ritually polluted ... ritually polluted” or ”taboo ... taboo” 7:21 n22g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּ⁠כָל־שֶׁ֣קֶץ טָמֵ֔א 1 This **unclean detestable thing** refers to the specific animals that Yahweh forbids both eating and touching in [11:29–31](../11/29.md). These included the mole rat, the mouse, and several kinds of lizard. If your language has a specific term for the kind of animal that is considered taboo to touch or to eat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “any unclean animal that is forbidden to eat or to touch“ or “any taboo animal” 7:21 qpnu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠אָכַ֛ל 1 Here, **he** refers to anyone who might eat the meat of the sacrifice. If it would be helpful, consider using a generic expression for a person. Alternate translation: “and that person eats” -7:21 eaoo מִ⁠בְּשַׂר־זֶ֥בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). +7:21 eaoo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠בְּשַׂר־זֶ֥בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). 7:21 z5au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). 7:22 xw34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. -7:22-23 zkjl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to tell the sons of Israel” +7:22-23 zkjl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to tell the sons of Israel” 7:23 w4mz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. 7:23 y5o3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here and until [7:26](../07/26.md), the author of Leviticus switches from the use of third-person forms to the use of second-person plural forms. If the switch from third-person to second-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using for the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “No one should eat” 7:23 z2p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ 1 Here, **You** is plural. It refers to the people of Israel who would offer sacrifices at the tent of meeting. If your language uses a plural form to address a group of people, consider using that form here. If not, consider using a third-person form, as modeled by the previous note. -7:24 t2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠חֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ וְ⁠חֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in an active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you may use the fat of a carcass or the fat of a torn animal” or, using the third-person, “And anyone may use the fat of a carcass or the fat of a torn animal” +7:24 t2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠חֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ וְ⁠חֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in an active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you shall use the fat of a carcass or the fat of a torn animal” or, in the third person, “And anyone shall use the fat of a carcass or the fat of a torn animal” 7:24 fbok rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠חֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ 1 The **fat of a carcass** refers to any fat portion from any animal, wild or domesticated, that has died, usually referring to those animals that have died of natural causes and that any Israelite might find in the desert wilderness. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the fat of any dead animal, whether wild or domesticated, that someone happens to find” 7:24 ggyw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠חֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה 1 The expression **the fat of a torn animal** refers to the fat portions of an animal, usually a domesticated animal, that has been attacked and killed by wild animals. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or the fat of a domesticated animal that was killed and torn apart by wild animals” -7:24 vs7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה לְ⁠כָל־מְלָאכָ֑ה 1 The expression **will be made for any work** is used to denote allowance given to these fat portions for any variety of other, unspecified uses. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “may be used for any purpose other than eating” -7:24 e2ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְ⁠אָכֹ֖ל לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽ⁠הוּ 1 Here the expression **but you shall certainly not eat it** uses a repetition of the verbal form in order to intensify the idea that the eating of these fat portions is forbidden. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “but you should never eat it” or, using the third-person, “but no one should ever eat it” +7:24 vs7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה לְ⁠כָל־מְלָאכָ֑ה 1 The expression **will be made for any work** uses a future statement to denote permission or allowance. Specifically, it refers to the permission given to the people of Israel to use these fat portions for a variety of unspecified uses, other than eating. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “may be used for domestic household purposes” or “could possibly be used for domestic household purposes” +7:24 e2ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְ⁠אָכֹ֖ל לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽ⁠הוּ 1 Here the expression **eating, you shall not eat it** uses a repetition of the verbal form in order to intensify the idea that the eating of these fat portions is forbidden. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “but you should certainly never eat it” or, using the third-person, “but no one should ever eat it” +7:24 iwg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽ⁠הוּ׃ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to the people of Israel, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +7:24 xlck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽ⁠הוּ׃ 1 If the switch from third-person to second-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using for the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “no one shall eat it” 7:25 tl3a חֵ֔לֶב מִן־הַ֨⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֥יב מִמֶּ֛⁠נָּה אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַ⁠יהוָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “fat that comes from a domesticated animal from which someone has presented portions of meat or fat as a gift to Yahweh” 7:25 cjbt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ֨⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). 7:25 f99k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָ⁠אֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ׃ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). -7:26 f76a בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:17](../03/17.md). -7:26 ujw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לָ⁠ע֖וֹף וְ⁠לַ⁠בְּהֵמָֽה 1 The expressions **the bird** and **the livestock** do not refer to specific animals or groups of animals. The terms describe any animal or group of animals that an Israelite might own or come across. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of any of your birds or any livestock that you own” or, using the third-person, “of any bird or any livestock that someone might own” +7:26 f76a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וְ⁠כָל־דָּם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכְל֔וּ בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 In this verse, the words **you** and **your** are plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer sacrifices, regardless of where they happen to live. Consider using the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +7:26 ljd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠כָל־דָּם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכְל֔וּ בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 If you have been using third-person forms throughout this chapter, consider using whatever form would be clearest in your language. Alternate translation: “And no one shall eat any blood in any of his dwelling places” +7:26 ujw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לָ⁠ע֖וֹף וְ⁠לַ⁠בְּהֵמָֽה 1 The expressions **the bird** and **the livestock** do not refer to specific animals or groups of animals. The terms describe any animal or group of animals that an Israelite might own or purchase to eat. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of any bird or any livestock that you own” or, using the third-person, “of any bird or any livestock that someone might own” 7:27 xa78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations כָּל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאכַ֣ל 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). 7:27 nm4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נִכְרְתָ֛ה הַ⁠נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵֽ⁠עַמֶּֽי⁠הָ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). 7:28 gkdm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. -7:28-29 rh99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can translate this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel” +7:28-29 rh99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can translate this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel” 7:29 twhb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. -7:29 mr3y הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־זֶ֤בַח שְׁלָמָי⁠ו֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה יָבִ֧יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֛⁠וֹ לַ⁠יהוָ֖ה מִ⁠זֶּ֥בַח שְׁלָמָֽי⁠ו 1 Alternative translation: “The person presenting the sacrifice of his peace offerings to Yahweh should especially bring this portion of the sacrifice to Yahweh apart from the rest of the sacrifice of his peace offerings” +7:29 mr3y הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־זֶ֤בַח שְׁלָמָי⁠ו֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה יָבִ֧יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֛⁠וֹ לַ⁠יהוָ֖ה מִ⁠זֶּ֥בַח שְׁלָמָֽי⁠ו 1 Alternative translation: “Any person who presents the sacrifice of his peace offerings to Yahweh shall make sure to bring this portion of meat to Yahweh that comes from the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings” 7:29 m7q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־זֶ֤בַח שְׁלָמָי⁠ו֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה יָבִ֧יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֛⁠וֹ לַ⁠יהוָ֖ה מִ⁠זֶּ֥בַח שְׁלָמָֽי⁠ו 1 Here, the author of Leviticus uses the word **his** to switch back to the use of third-person singular forms to address the people of Israel. If the switch from third-person to second-person back to third-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using in your translation throughout the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “If you present the sacrifice of your peace offerings to Yahweh, you should bring your offering to Yahweh from the sacrifice of your peace offerings” -7:30 w7dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יָדָ֣י⁠ו תְּבִיאֶ֔ינָה 1 Here, **hands** represent the whole person, emphasizing the individual’s personal responsibility and agency in bringing the sacrifice. If your language uses a similar expression to express this idea, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “He himself should bring” or, using the second-person “You yourself should bring” +7:30 w7dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יָדָ֣י⁠ו תְּבִיאֶ֔ינָה 1 Here, **his hands** represent the whole person, emphasizing the individual’s personal responsibility and agency in bringing the sacrifice. If your language uses a similar expression to express this idea, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “He himself should bring” or, using the second-person “You yourself should bring” 7:30 ry2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֤לֶב עַל־הֶֽ⁠חָזֶה֙ & אֵ֣ת הֶ⁠חָזֶ֗ה 1 Here, the **breast** is the portion of the animal’s meat consisting of the larger part of the animal’s chest below the region of the neck. The **breast** and **the fat on the breast** were considered uniquely choice portions of meat and fat. Consequently, it was dedicated especially to Yahweh. If your language has a special term for this portion of meat and fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate expression: “the fat that is on the breast meat … the breast meat itself” -7:30 v5t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction לְ⁠הָנִ֥יף אֹת֛⁠וֹ תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 For the priest **to wave** the offering in Yahweh’s presence is a symbolic gesture that shows that the person is dedicating the sacrifice to Yahweh. This act could mean: (1) wafting the smell of the sacrifice in Yahweh’s direction, creating a “pleasant smell to Yahweh” that would result in the acceptance of the sacrifice (2) merely presenting the sacrifice to Yahweh in a unique way. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to waft the breast meat of the sacrifice as a sacrifice that is wafted in Yahweh’s presence” -7:30 fd4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Here, the expression **a wave offering to the face of Yahweh** could mean: (1) waving **the breast** in Yahweh’s presence in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting” (2) waving **the breast** in the direction of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. Alternate translation: “in the direction of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” -7:31 tbb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ⁠הִקְטִ֧יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֖לֶב הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +7:30 v5t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction לְ⁠הָנִ֥יף אֹת֛⁠וֹ תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 For the priest **to wave** the offering in Yahweh’s presence is a symbolic gesture that shows that the person is dedicating the sacrifice to Yahweh. This act could mean: (1) merely presenting the sacrifice to Yahweh in a unique way. Alternate translation: “to lift and show off the breast meat of the sacrifice in Yahweh’s presence” or (2) causing the smell of the sacrifice to waft in Yahweh’s direction, creating a “pleasant smell to Yahweh” that would result in the acceptance of the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “to move the breast meat of the sacrifice back and forth overhead so that the smell of the meat is wafted to Yahweh’s presence” +7:30 fd4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Here, the expression **a wave offering to the face of Yahweh** could mean: (1) waving **the breast** in Yahweh’s presence in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting” or (2) waving **the breast** in the direction of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. Alternate translation: “in the direction of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +7:31 tbb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הִקְטִ֧יר הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֖לֶב הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). 7:31 npon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֖לֶב 1 The phrase **the fat** refers to the fat of the breast, as distinct from **the breast**, which refers to the meat of the breast itself. If this would be confusing in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the fat of the breast” 7:31 ncgd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הָיָה֙ הֶֽ⁠חָזֶ֔ה לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנָֽי⁠ו 1 This expression means that the meat of **the breast** should not be burned completely on the altar but rather should be given to the priests for food. See how you translated this similar expression in [7:7](../07/07.md). 7:31 h7vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנָֽי⁠ו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). -7:32 f116 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֵת֙ שׁ֣וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין 1 The **right thigh** is the upper part of the right leg of the animal, directly above the knee and below the hip joint. Although the reason for the choice of the **right** portion of the thighs is unknown and debated, the **thigh** itself was consider a uniquely choice portion of meat, and so was especially dedicated to Yahweh and to his special purposes, like providing food for the priests. If your language has a word for this choice portion of an animal’s meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And the choice portion of meat between the hip and the knee joints on the right leg of the animal” -7:32 cxqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תִּתְּנ֥וּ & שַׁלְמֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here, the author of Leviticus suddenly switches from the use of third-person forms to use of second-person plural forms. If the switch from third-person to second-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using for the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “the person presenting the offering should give … his peace offerings” -7:32 ceao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תִּתְּנ֥וּ & שַׁלְמֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to the people of Israel who would offer sacrifices at the tent of meeting. If your language uses a plural form to address a group of people, consider using that form here. If not, consider using the third person, as modeled by the previous note. -7:32 sew1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְרוּמָ֖ה לַ⁠כֹּהֵ֑ן 1 While previously the **contribution** belonged to Yahweh, here it is explained that this unique portion of meat actually was to be provided for the priests’ food. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as a contribution of choice meat to provide the priests with food” +7:32 f116 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֵת֙ שׁ֣וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין 1 The **right thigh** is the upper part of the right leg of the animal, directly above the knee and below the hip joint. Although the reason for the choice of the **right** portion of the thighs is unknown and debated, the **thigh** itself was considered a uniquely choice portion of meat, and so was especially dedicated to Yahweh and to his special purposes, like providing food for the priests. If your language has a word for this choice portion of an animal’s meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And the choice portion of meat between the hip and the knee joints on the right leg of the animal” +7:32 cxqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תִּתְּנ֥וּ & שַׁלְמֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here, the author of Leviticus suddenly switches from the use of third-person forms to the use of second-person plural forms. If the switch from third-person to second-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using for the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “the person presenting the offering shall give … his peace offerings” +7:32 ceao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תִּתְּנ֥וּ & שַׁלְמֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Here, **you** and **your** are plural. They refer to the people of Israel who would offer sacrifices at the tent of meeting. If your language uses a plural form to address a group of people, consider using that form here. If not, consider using the third person, as modeled by the previous note. +7:32 sew1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְרוּמָ֖ה לַ⁠כֹּהֵ֑ן 1 Previously the **contribution** belonged to Yahweh. Here it is explained that this unique portion of meat belonged to Yahweh's purposes, specifically to provide the priests with their allotment of food. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as an important contribution of choice meat that provides the priests with food” 7:33 l8go rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־דַּ֧ם הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֛ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֵ֖לֶב מִ⁠בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן 1 The **person presenting the blood of the peace offerings and the fat from the sons of Aaron** is one of the priests. At the time that Yahweh spoke these instructions to Moses, they were the literal “sons of Aaron.” However, this expression refers to whichever priest happened to perform the symbolic action of **presenting the blood of the peace offerings** along with **the fat**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “The priest who presents the blood of the peace offerings and the fat, who is among the sons of Aaron” 7:33 lbwv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). -7:33 q6eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ל֧⁠וֹ תִהְיֶ֛ה שׁ֥וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִ֖ין לְ⁠מָנָֽה׃ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, this **portion** refers to the special allotment of food provided for the priests according to the instructions that Yahweh gave to the people of Israel. Because the Levites, the sons of Aaron, were not given any portion of land and therefore could not farm for themselves, they were dependent on the contributions of their fellow Israelites for food. Yahweh provided this food by setting apart these choice portions for the priests. If this would not be clear from your translation, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the right thigh will be for that priest, as the allocation of his food given by Yahweh” +7:33 q6eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ל֧⁠וֹ תִהְיֶ֛ה שׁ֥וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִ֖ין לְ⁠מָנָֽה׃ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, this **portion** refers to the special allotment of food provided for the priests according to the instructions that Yahweh gave to the people of Israel. Because the Levites, the sons of Aaron, were not given any portion of land and therefore could not farm for themselves, they were dependent on the contributions of their fellow Israelites for food. Yahweh provided this food by setting apart these choice portions for the priests. If this would not be clear from your translation, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the right thigh shall be for that priest, as the allocation of his food given by Yahweh” 7:34 kefs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי֩ 1 The word translated **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because” or, using the second-person, “You should do this because” 7:34 sns3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לָקַ֨חְתִּי֙ & וָ⁠אֶתֵּ֣ן 1 Here, **I** refers to Yahweh, who now speaks directly about himself. If this would not be clear, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, took … and I, Yahweh, gave” 7:34 ovp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל & בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). 7:34 w06t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֹ֠תָ⁠ם 1 Here, **them** refers to the **breast** and the **right thigh**, those special portions of meat that Yahweh provided for the priests’ food. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the breast meat and the portion of the right thigh” 7:34 mkn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). -7:34 n4eg לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֤ן 1 See how you handled this way of referring to the priests in [1:7](../01/07.md). 7:34 u24m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠חָק־עוֹלָ֔ם 1 This **enduring portion** refers to the portions of meat, the breast and the right thigh, that Yahweh instructed should be given to the priests for food from the peace offerings that the people of Israel will offer. This **portion** is **enduring** because Yahweh envisions that these instructions are binding for the people of God for all time. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as a portion of food that should always be provided for the priests” -7:35 h86d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown זֹ֣את מִשְׁחַ֤ת אַהֲרֹן֙ וּ⁠מִשְׁחַ֣ת בָּנָ֔י⁠ו 1 This **allotment** is the same as the “enduring portion” of the previous verse. It refers to the choice portions of meat, the breast and the right thigh, that Yahweh instructed should be given to the priests for food from the peace offerings that the people of Israel will offer. If this is unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This is the portion of the meat of the sacrifices that should be given to Aaron and to his sons” +7:35 h86d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown זֹ֣את מִשְׁחַ֤ת אַהֲרֹן֙ וּ⁠מִשְׁחַ֣ת בָּנָ֔י⁠ו 1 This **allotment** is the same as the “enduring portion” of the previous verse. It refers to the choice portions of meat—the breast and the right thigh—that Yahweh instructed should be given to the priests for food from the peace offerings that the people of Israel will offer. If this is unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This is the portion of the meat of the sacrifices that should be given to Aaron and to his sons” 7:35 ydj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). 7:35 xb0d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ הִקְרִ֣יב אֹתָ֔⁠ם לְ⁠כַהֵ֖ן לַ⁠יהוָֽה׃ 1 Here, **he** refers to Moses and **them** refers to **Aaron** and **his sons**. The expression **on the day he presented them as priests to Yahweh** refers to the day when Moses anointed Aaron and his sons with oil to dedicate them as priests in the service of Yahweh, as described in [8:12](../08/12.md) and [8:30](../08/30.md). If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “on the day Moses presented Aaron and his sons as priests to Yahweh” 7:36 er1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לָ⁠הֶ֗ם 1 Here, **them** refers to the priests, that is, Aaron and his sons. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “to the priests” or “to Aaron and his sons, the priests” -7:36 o7ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣⁠וֹ אֹתָ֔⁠ם מֵ⁠אֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 The expression **the day of his anointing them from the people of Israel** refers to the anointing of the priests to be especially dedicated to Yahweh apart from the rest of the people of God for special, sacred service to him. In this sense, they are **anointed** **from** the people of Israel. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the day of his anointing them to be priests to Yahweh and be set apart from the people of Israel” +7:36 o7ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣⁠וֹ אֹתָ֔⁠ם מֵ⁠אֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 The expression **the day of his anointing them from the people of Israel** refers to the anointing of the priests to be especially dedicated to Yahweh apart from the rest of the people of God for special, sacred service to him. In this sense, the priests are **anointed** **from** the people of Israel. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the day of his anointing them to be priests to Yahweh and be set apart from the people of Israel” 7:36 mag4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣⁠וֹ אֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 As in the previous verse, **his** refers to Moses and **them** refers to the priests, that is, to Aaron and his sons. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “on the day Moses anointed Aaron and his sons as priests to Yahweh” -7:36 l9rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣⁠וֹ אֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 The act of **anointing** the priests was a symbolic action in which oil, usually olive oil, was liberally applying to the head of the priests to mark their dedication to special, sacred service to Yahweh. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the day of his anointing them with oil to mark their dedication to Yahweh as priests to him” -7:36 eohw בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). -7:36 sb6p חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְ⁠דֹרֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:17](../03/17.md). -7:37 mq5s לָֽ⁠עֹלָה֙ 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [1:3](../01/03.md). +7:36 l9rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction בְּ⁠יוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣⁠וֹ אֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 The act of **anointing** the priests was a symbolic action in which oil, usually olive oil, was liberally applied to the head of the priests to mark their dedication to special, sacred service to Yahweh. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the day of his anointing them with oil to mark their dedication to Yahweh as priests to him” +7:36 eohw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). +7:36 sb6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְ⁠דֹרֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 The expression **An enduring statute for their generations** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. It implies that every Israelite should always obey this commandment wherever they live. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation, with a period before: “Every generation should always obey this statute” 7:37 zoq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [2:1](../02/01.md). 7:37 icz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠לַֽ⁠חַטָּ֖את 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [4:3](../04/03.md). 7:37 uk25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠לָ⁠אָשָׁ֑ם 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [5:15](../05/15.md). 7:37 izaw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠לַ֨⁠מִּלּוּאִ֔ים 1 This **ordination offering** was a special sacrifice that was offered on the occasion of the dedication of a priest to the special, sacred service to Yahweh of the priesthood. It is described in detail in [8:22–32](../08/22.md). Alternate translation: “and of the sacrifice that is offered for the priests when they are dedicated to Yahweh as priests” 7:37 ey6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּ⁠לְ⁠זֶ֖בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִֽים׃ 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [3:1](../03/01.md). -7:38 zub8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠י֨וֹם צַוֺּת֜⁠וֹ 1 The expression **on the day of his commanding** could refer to: (1) Yahweh commanding the people of Israel to begin bringing their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “on the day Yahweh commanded” (2) Moses, relaying the instructions he received from Yahweh, commanding the people of Israel to begin bringing their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “on the day Moses commanded” -7:38 b18c אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). +7:38 zub8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠י֨וֹם צַוֺּת֜⁠וֹ 1 The expression **on the day of his commanding** could refer to: (1) Yahweh commanding the people of Israel to begin bringing their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “on the day Yahweh commanded” or (2) Moses, relaying the instructions he received from Yahweh, commanding the people of Israel to begin bringing their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “on the day Moses commanded” +7:38 b18c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). 7:38 kbsg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry לְ⁠הַקְרִ֧יב אֶת־קָרְבְּנֵי⁠הֶ֛ם 1 See how you handled the poetic repetition of words in [1:2](../01/02.md). 7:38 tda7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּ⁠מִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי 1 This **wilderness** refers to the dry, barren desert plain that is common in the Sinai peninsula region of the modern Middle East. If your language has a word for this kind of landscape, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “in the dry, desert plain of Sinai” 8:intro d9y6 0 # Leviticus 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Moses set apart, or consecrated, the sons of Aaron to be priests. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) -8:1 n6q2 0 # General Information:\n\nIn chapter 8 Moses ordains Aaron and his sons as priests according to the commands of Yahweh that Moses recorded in the book of Exodus. -8:2 i9xv הַ⁠בְּגָדִ֔ים 1 Alternate translation: “the priestly garments” or “the clothes that the priests wore” -8:5 u5b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לַ⁠עֲשֽׂוֹת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh commands us to do” -8:6 mi63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יִּרְחַ֥ץ אֹתָ֖⁠ם בַּ⁠מָּֽיִם 1 This is a symbolic action. It is a ritually cleaning that prepares them to become priests. -8:7 fk7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־ הַ⁠כֻּתֹּ֗נֶת & בָּֽ⁠אַבְנֵ֔ט & הַ⁠מְּעִ֔יל & אֶת־ הָ⁠אֵפֹ֑ד & בְּ⁠חֵ֨שֶׁב֙ הָֽ⁠אֵפֹ֔ד 1 These are special garments that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests. -8:7 t8nm בָּֽ⁠אַבְנֵ֔ט 1 A **sash** is a long piece of cloth that is tied around the waist or chest. -8:7 h3ci וַ⁠יֶּאְפֹּ֥ד ל֖⁠וֹ בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “and tied it around him” -8:8 nv8j וַ⁠יָּ֥שֶׂם עָלָ֖י⁠ו אֶת־ הַ⁠חֹ֑שֶׁן 1 Alternate translation: “And Moses placed the breastpiece on Aaron” -8:8 mus9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־ הַ⁠חֹ֑שֶׁן & הַ⁠חֹ֔שֶׁן 1 This is a special garment that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests. -8:8 du8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־ הָ⁠אוּרִ֖ים וְ⁠אֶת־ הַ⁠תֻּמִּֽים 1 It is not clear what **the Urim and the Thummim** are. They were objects that the priest somehow used to determine the will of God. -8:9 tm71 אֶת־ הַ⁠מִּצְנֶ֖פֶת 1 A **turban** is a man’s head covering that is a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head. -8:9 z3b6 אֵ֣ת צִ֤יץ הַ⁠זָּהָב֙ נֵ֣זֶר הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 These two phrases refer to the same thing. It was a plate of pure gold attached to the turban. -8:11 s2ye כָּל־ כֵּלָ֗י⁠ו 1 These **utensils** were all the pots, pans, shovels, and forks used at the altar. -8:11 ccy9 הַ⁠כִּיֹּ֛ר 1 This **washbasin** was a bronze basin that was located between the altar and the tabernacle. -8:11 ar2l כַּנּ֖⁠וֹ 1 This **base** was a bronze stand on which the washbasin was placed. -8:12 h6lm וַ⁠יִּצֹק֙ 1 Alternate translation: “And Moses poured” -8:13 p71m אַבְנֵ֔ט 1 The word **sashes** is the plural form of “sash.” See how you translated this in [Leviticus 8:7](../08/07.md). -8:14 n1yy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יִּסְמֹ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֤ן וּ⁠בָנָי⁠ו֙ אֶת־ יְדֵי⁠הֶ֔ם עַל־ רֹ֖אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies **Aaron and his sons** with the animal they are offering. In this way they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). -8:15 z8mk קַרְנ֨וֹת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ 1 The **horns of the altar** refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/07.md). -8:15 mdq3 וַֽ⁠יְקַדְּשֵׁ֖⁠הוּ 1 Alternate translation: “And he set the altar apart for God” -8:15 m4pw לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽי⁠ו 1 Here, **to make atonement** means to make the altar fit for use in serving God. Alternate translation: “in order to make it a suitable place for burning sacrifices for sin” -8:16 zlu1 הַ⁠קֶּרֶב֒ 1 The **inner parts** were the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -8:16 s1n5 הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד & הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֖ת 1 See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/04.md). -8:17 l8kn עֹר⁠וֹ֙ 1 A **hide** is the coat or skin of a herd animal. -8:18 r16d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽ⁠יִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּ⁠בָנָ֛י⁠ו אֶת־ יְדֵי⁠הֶ֖ם עַל־ רֹ֥אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies **Aaron and his sons** with the animal they are offering. In this way they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). -8:21 d927 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠רֵֽיחַ־ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ 1 Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the **aroma** of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -8:22 qr6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֵ֖יל הַ⁠מִּלֻּאִ֑ים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **consecration**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the ram for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to God” -8:22 v85u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽ⁠יִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּ⁠בָנָ֛י⁠ו אֶת־ יְדֵי⁠הֶ֖ם עַל־ רֹ֥אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies **Aaron and his sons** with the animal they are offering. In this way the they are offering themselves to Yahweh through the animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:4](../01/04.md). -8:23 e9be rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּשְׁחָ֓ט׀ וַ⁠יִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ מִ⁠דָּמ֔⁠וֹ 1 It is implied that **Moses** caught the **blood** in a bowl as the blood drained out from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses slaughtered it, caught some of the blood in a bowl,” -8:25 jt5v הַ⁠קֶּרֶב֒ 1 Here, **the inner parts** refers to the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -8:25 pi33 הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד & הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֖ת 1 See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/04.md). -8:25 u6m5 שׁ֥וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִֽין 1 The **thigh** is the upper part of the leg above the knee. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:32](../07/32.md). -8:26 w3xw וּ⁠מִ⁠סַּ֨ל הַ⁠מַּצּ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה 1 This does not refer to the location of the **basket of bread**. It means this is the bread that Moses had dedicated to Yahweh. -8:27 hy74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֣ן אֶת־ הַ⁠כֹּ֔ל עַ֚ל כַּפֵּ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְ⁠עַ֖ל כַּפֵּ֣י בָנָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **hands** represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “gave it all to Aaron and his sons” -8:27 n3y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛⁠ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 It is implied that Aaron and his sons presented the offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “and Aaron and his sons waved them before Yahweh as a wave offering” -8:27 rg6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛⁠ם 1 This is a symbolic action that dedicates the offering to Yahweh. -8:28 q9b5 וַ⁠יִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֹתָ⁠ם֙ 1 Here, **them** refers to the fat, thigh, and all of the bread. -8:28 qfd1 מִלֻּאִ֥ים הֵם֙ 1 Alternate translation: “They were an offering for setting Aaron and his sons apart for service to Yahweh” -8:28 rd24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ 1 Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the **aroma** of the burning sacrifice. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -8:29 x4nk אֶת־ הֶ֣⁠חָזֶ֔ה 1 The **breast** is the front part of the animal’s body below the neck. -8:29 yt3l מֵ⁠אֵ֣יל הַ⁠מִּלֻּאִ֗ים 1 Here, ** consecration** refers to an official ceremony that makes someone a priest. -8:31 q5eb בְּ⁠סַ֣ל הַ⁠מִּלֻּאִ֑ים 1 This means the **basket** contains offerings used while consecrating Aaron and his sons. -8:31 bf4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes צִוֵּ֨יתִי֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּ⁠בָנָ֖י⁠ו יֹאכְלֻֽ⁠הוּ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I commanded Aaron and his sons will eat it” -8:33 m5um rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive עַ֚ד י֣וֹם מְלֹ֔את יְמֵ֖י מִלֻּאֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until you fulfill the days of your ordination” -8:33 l462 יְמֵ֖י מִלֻּאֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 This **consecration** was an official ceremony that made someone a priest. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 8:29](../08/29.md). -8:34 ds5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לַ⁠עֲשֹׂ֖ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “us to do” -8:34 e67x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **atonement**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to atone for your sins” -8:35 m25h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this is what he has commanded me” +8:1 n6q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +8:2 f2p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־בָּנָ֣י⁠ו אִתּ֔⁠וֹ 1 Here, the expression **his sons** refers specifically to Aaron’s four male sons. If this would be unclear, given the previous use of this expression, consider making the meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “and his four sons, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar” +8:2 i9xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵת֙ הַ⁠בְּגָדִ֔ים וְ⁠אֵ֖ת שֶׁ֣מֶן הַ⁠מִּשְׁחָ֑ה וְ⁠אֵ֣ת ׀ פַּ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֗את וְ⁠אֵת֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הָֽ⁠אֵילִ֔ים וְ⁠אֵ֖ת סַ֥ל הַ⁠מַּצּֽוֹת׃ 1 These items and animals are the required elements of the ordination ceremony as described in [Exodus 29:1–46](../exo/29/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the purpose of the items in this list. Alternate translation: “and everything they need for their ordination ceremony, including the clothes and the oil of anointing and the bull of the sin offering and two rams and a basket of unleavened bread” +8:2 qg84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵת֙ הַ⁠בְּגָדִ֔ים 1 Here, the expression **the clothes** refers to the unique, ceremonial garments the priests wore when performing and preparing sacrifices. These clothes are detailed in [Exodus 29:5–6](../exo/29/05.md) and [Exodus 29:8–9](../exo/29/08.md). Alternate translation: “and the priestly garments” or “and the special clothes that the priests wore” +8:2 yf9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אֵ֖ת שֶׁ֣מֶן הַ⁠מִּשְׁחָ֑ה 1 The expression **oil of anointing** uses the possessive form to describe olive oil that was mixed with perfuming spices and used for ceremonially setting priests and kings apart for service to Yahweh. This was done by sprinkling or pouring the oil on whomever or whatever was being set apart. This oil is described in detail in [Exodus 30:23–24](../exo/30/23.md). If your language does not have an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anointing**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and the oil that is used to anoint people and things for service to Yahweh” +8:2 apkt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אֵ֣ת ׀ פַּ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֗את 1 The expression **the bull of the sin offering** uses the possessive form to describe the **bull** that had been selected to be sacrificed for a **sin offering**. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “and the bull that Aaron and his sons will present as a sin offering” +8:6 l1zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֣ב מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְ⁠אֶת־בָּנָ֑י⁠ו 1 To **present** someone or something is a symbolic action that includes bringing the person, object, or animal to the entrance of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. Here, the same verb is used of Aaron and his sons that was used for the sacrifices in Leviticus 1–7. Alternate translation: “And Moses brought Aaron and his sons forward and stood them in Yahweh's presence” +8:6 mi63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יִּרְחַ֥ץ אֹתָ֖⁠ם בַּ⁠מָּֽיִם 1 This is a symbolic action that is required by the ordination ceremony as described in [Exodus 29:1–46](../exo/29/01.md). Here, washing with water is part of a ritual cleaning that prepares Aaron and his sons to become priests. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider explaining the significance of this action in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and he washed them with water in order to purify them and prepare them to become priests to Yahweh” +8:6 xn3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַ⁠יִּרְחַ֥ץ אֹתָ֖⁠ם בַּ⁠מָּֽיִם׃ 1 It might seem that the expression **and he washed them with water** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could use an equivalent expression. See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “and he thoroughly washed them” +8:7 f2ad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן עָלָ֜י⁠ו אֶת־הַ⁠כֻּתֹּ֗נֶת & וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֥ן עָלָ֖י⁠ו אֶת־הָ⁠אֵפֹ֑ד 1 These expressions use an idiom with the verb ”to give” which means to place or put something on someone. If this idiom would not be clear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “And he put the tunic on him … and he put the ephod on him” +8:7 dzpn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַ⁠כֻּתֹּ֗נֶת 1 This **tunic** was a finely embroidered piece of linen clothing worn directly on the skin by all priests, underneath all the other pieces of clothing. It is described in [Exodus 28:39](../exo/28/39.md) and [Exodus 39:27](../exo/39/27.md). If your language has a term for this particular piece of religious clothing, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the special shirt” +8:7 t8nm בָּֽ⁠אַבְנֵ֔ט 1 This **sash** was a linen piece of fabric that was worn on top of the **tunic** and was embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet colors and hemmed with little bells and the designs of pomegranates, as described in [Exodus 28:4](../exo/28/04.md), [Exodus 28:39–40](../exo/28/39.md), [Exodus 29:9](../exo/29/09.md), and [Exodus 29:29](../exo/29/29.md). If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “with the special girdle” +8:7 y0ax rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶֽת־הַ⁠מְּעִ֔יל 1 This **robe** was a blue and purple outer garment made from woven wool made of a single piece of fabric with a hole for the head, as described in [Exodus 28:31–35](../exo/28/31.md) and [Exodus 39:22–26](../exo/39/22.md). If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “with the special coat” +8:7 lm3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הָ⁠אֵפֹ֑ד 1 This **ephod** was a skillfully woven outer garment of blue, red, and purple colored fine, embroidered linen. It covered the priest, from his chest to his genitals, and was suspended by two strands of fabric that rose over the shoulders. Additionally, the shoulder pieces were set with onyx stones that were engraved with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel and set in gold filigree. The priestly **ephod** is described in detail in [Exodus 28:6–14](../exo/28/06.md) and [Exodus 39:1–7](../exo/39/01.md). If your language has a term for this particular piece of religious clothing, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the priest’s special apron” +8:7 i7eo rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate אֶת־הָ⁠אֵפֹ֑ד 1 The word **ephod** is a word borrowed from Hebrew. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternate translation: “the priest's special apron” +8:7 rqxh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּ⁠חֵ֨שֶׁב֙ הָֽ⁠אֵפֹ֔ד 1 This **finely woven waistband** was a piece of skillfully woven blue, red, and purple colored embroidered linen that was to be worn around the waist and matched the priestly **ephod**. It is described in [Exodus 28:8](../exo/28/08.md), [Exodus 39:5](../exo/39/05.md), and [Exodus 39:20–21](../exo/39/20.md). If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “with the special linen belt of the ephod” +8:7 h3ci וַ⁠יֶּאְפֹּ֥ד ל֖⁠וֹ בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “and he ephoded him with it” +8:8 nv8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־ הַ⁠חֹ֑שֶׁן 1 This **breastpiece** was a folded golden plate that formed a pocket and rested on the priest’s chest. It also contained twelve precious stones in four rows of three stones each, symbolizing the twelve tribes of Israel. The priest’s **breastpiece** is described in detail in [Exodus 28:15–30](../exo/28/15.md). If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the priest’s special chest plate” +8:8 ueih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּתֵּן֙ אֶל־הַ⁠חֹ֔שֶׁן אֶת־הָ⁠אוּרִ֖ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠תֻּמִּֽים׃ 1 This expression is an idiom that means to place or put something on someone. If this idiom would not be clear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and he put the Urim and the Thummim on the breastpiece” +8:8 dnqf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הָ⁠אוּרִ֖ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠תֻּמִּֽים׃ 1 Although their exact identity and function are debated, **the Urim and the Thummim** appear to have been objects that the priests used as oracles in the sacred tent in order to determine the will of Yahweh. The **Urim and the Thummim** rested in the pocket of the priests’ **breastpiece** and [Exodus 28:30](../exo/28/30.md) states that they were to be “over Aaron’s heart when he comes before the Lord.” If your language has a word for this kind of religious object, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the special stones that the priests use to determine what Yahweh wants to do” +8:8 ghyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate אֶת־הָ⁠אוּרִ֖ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠תֻּמִּֽים׃ 1 The words **Urim** and **Thummim** are borrowed from Hebrew. You will need to decide if you will also borrow these words into your language or if you will translate their meaning. If you borrow the word, you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternate translation: “the special stones that helped the priest determine Yahweh's will” +8:9 tm71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־ הַ⁠מִּצְנֶ֖פֶת 1 A **turban** is a man’s head covering that is a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head. This **turban** was made of finely woven linen (according to [Exodus 28:39](../exo/28/39.md)) and was to be worn by the priests to cover their heads when they offered sacrifices to Yahweh. If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the priest’s special headdress” +8:9 kvlv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶל־מ֣וּל פָּנָ֗י⁠ו 1 The expression **the front of its face** is an idiom. It refers to the front of the turban to which the **plate of gold** was fixed. If this would unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the front side of the turban” +8:9 z3b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-parallelism אֵ֣ת צִ֤יץ הַ⁠זָּהָב֙ נֵ֣זֶר הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes and explains the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the plate of gold that was the priest’s crown of holiness” +8:9 gc5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֵ֣ת צִ֤יץ הַ⁠זָּהָב֙ 1 This **plate of gold** was likely a decorative rectangle of gold engraved with the words “Holy to Yahweh” on it (according to [Exodus 28:36](../exo/28/36.md)). [Exodus 28:36-38](../exo/28/36.md) explains that this **plate of gold** allowed the priests to bear the guilt of the Israelites as they offered sacrifices on behalf of the people. If your language has a term for this particular piece of religious clothing, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the special engraved gold sign” +8:9 zjgp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נֵ֣זֶר הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 This **crown of holiness** is another way of describing the **plate of gold** that is fixed to the front of the priest’s turban by a blue-violet chord (according to [Exodus 38:37](../exo/38/37.md)). The **plate of gold** served as a special marker on the head of the priest, distinguishing him and setting him apart for the special task of offering sacrifices to Yahweh. If your language has a word for a religious object of this type, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the priest's headpiece” +8:9 ndlf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נֵ֣זֶר הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 The expression **the crown of holiness** uses the possessive form to refer to either: (1) a crown that was especially holy. Alternate translation: “the holy crown” or (2) a crown that bore and represented the priest's own holiness. Alternate translation: “the crown that shows how holy the priest is” +8:10 m00p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־שֶׁ֣מֶן הַ⁠מִּשְׁחָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [8:2](../08/02.md). +8:10 dkw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יִּמְשַׁ֥ח אֶת־הַ⁠מִּשְׁכָּ֖ן וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑⁠וֹ 1 This is a ritual action. By sprinkling and pouring the special anointing oil on all the utensils and furniture of the tent of meeting, Moses set them apart for exclusive use for Yahweh’s purposes. This ceremony is described in detail in [Exodus 30:26–29](../exo/30/26.md). +8:10 n3h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יְקַדֵּ֖שׁ אֹתָֽ⁠ם׃ 1 Here, to make something **holy** means to dedicate it for exclusive use in the service of Yahweh alone. If this meaning would be unclear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “And he sanctified and dedicated them for the service of Yahweh alone” +8:11 po98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יַּ֥ז מִמֶּ֛⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **it** refers to the oil of anointing referenced in the previous verse. If it would be helpful for your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And he sprinkled some of the oil of anointing” +8:11 yn6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יַּ֥ז 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [4:6](../04/06.md). +8:11 s2ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־ כֵּלָ֗י⁠ו 1 These **utensils** were all the pots, pans, shovels, and forks used at the altar in the tent of meeting. They correspond to the expression ”all that {was} in it“ in the previous verse. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “every pot, pan, shovel, and fork used at the altars in the tent of meeting” +8:11 ccy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠כִּיֹּ֛ר 1 This **washbasin** was a large bronze tub that was filled with water and used for ritual washing in the sacred tent. It is described in [Exodus 30:17–21](../exo/30/17.md). If your language has a term for a religious item of this type, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic term. Alternate translation: “and the special bronze bathtub” +8:11 ar2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּנּ֖⁠וֹ 1 This **base** was a base made of bronze on top of which the **washbasin** would sit in the sacred tent. It is mentioned in [Exodus 30:18](../exo/30/18.md), where the **washbasin** is also described. If your language has a term for a religious item of this type, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic term. Alternate translation: “and the bronze stand for the washbasin” +8:11 yhky rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠קַדְּשָֽׁ⁠ם׃ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:10](../08/10.md). +8:11 zzfs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ⁠קַדְּשָֽׁ⁠ם׃ 1 Here, the word **to** marks making the items **holy** as the goal or purpose of sprinkling them with the oil of anointing. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: ”He did this to make them holy” +8:12 h6lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִ⁠שֶּׁ֣מֶן הַ⁠מִּשְׁחָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar possessive form in [8:2](../08/02.md). +8:12 x2hi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יִּמְשַׁ֥ח אֹת֖⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:10](../08/10.md). +8:12 i3fu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠קַדְּשֽׁ⁠וֹ׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [8:10](../08/10.md). +8:12 g2d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ⁠קַדְּשֽׁ⁠וֹ׃ 1 Here, the word **to** marks making Aaron **holy** as the goal or purpose of pouring **the oil of anointing** on his head. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: ”He did this to make Aaron holy” +8:13 iryy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֨ב מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֗ן 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [8:6](../08/06.md). +8:13 e6ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כֻּתֳּנֹת֙ 1 See how you translated this article of clothing in [8:6](../08/06.md). +8:13 p71m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אַבְנֵ֔ט 1 See how you translated this article of clothing in [8:7](../08/07.md). +8:13 z2kr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִגְבָּע֑וֹת 1 These **headbands** were pieces of fabric made from finely woven linen cloth that were likely bound on the head. If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the priests' special head wrappings” +8:14 rw7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יַּגֵּ֕שׁ אֵ֖ת פַּ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֑את 1 To bring the bull near is a symbolic action equivalent to the expression ”to present“ used in this chapter and elsewhere in Leviticus. It refers to bringing the person, object, or animal to the entrance of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lived among the Israelites, and showing it off to Yahweh. If the significance of this action would be unclear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “And he led the bull of the sin offering to Yahweh's presence in the tent of meeting” +8:14 t8dr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵ֖ת פַּ֣ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֑את & פַּ֥ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּֽאת׃ 1 See how you translated this possessive form in [8:2](../08/02.md). +8:14 n1yy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יִּסְמֹ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֤ן וּ⁠בָנָי⁠ו֙ אֶת־יְדֵי⁠הֶ֔ם עַל־רֹ֖אשׁ פַּ֥ר הַֽ⁠חַטָּֽאת׃ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies **Aaron and his sons** with the animal they are offering. In this way, they are placing their sin on the animal in Yahweh's presence. See how you translated this action in [1:4](../01/04.md). +8:15 je3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּשְׁחָ֗ט 1 Although unclear, because it is the one offering the sacrifice who usually slaughters the animal for that sacrifice, the word **he** here likely refers to Aaron together with his sons. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent plain. Alternate translation: “And Aaron and his sons slaughtered it” +8:15 r7ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶת־הַ⁠דָּם֙ 1 See how you handled the implied information in this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +8:15 n38w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ֠⁠יִּתֵּן עַל־קַרְנ֨וֹת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ סָבִיב֙ בְּ⁠אֶצְבָּע֔⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:7](../04/07.md). +8:15 z8mk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַרְנ֨וֹת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֤חַ 1 The **horns of the altar** refer to the corners of the **altar**. They are shaped like the **horns** of an ox. Alternate translation: “the horn-shaped projections at the corners of the altar” +8:15 xezu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יְחַטֵּ֖א & יָצַק֙ & וַֽ⁠יְקַדְּשֵׁ֖⁠הוּ 1 Here, the words **he** refer to Moses. If this would not be clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses purified … Moses poured out … And Moses made it holy” +8:15 z994 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יְחַטֵּ֖א אֶת־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 Here, to **purify** the altar means to cleanse it from the impurity caused by the presence of sin. By putting blood on the horns of the altar and pouring blood on the altar's base, Moses uses the cleansing power of blood to purify the altar and prepare it to be a vessel through which acceptable sacrifices might be offered. If this would be unclear in your language, consider clarifying by adding words in your translation or by supplying a footnote. Alternate translation: “And, by putting blood on the altar, he purified the altar from the impurity of sin in order to make it an acceptable place to offer sacrifices to Yahweh” +8:15 m4pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וַֽ⁠יְקַדְּשֵׁ֖⁠הוּ לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽי⁠ו׃ 1 Here, the word **to** marks making **atonement** on the altar as the goal or purpose of Moses purifying the altar. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “And he made it holy. He did this so that atonement might be made on it” +8:15 mdq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽ⁠יְקַדְּשֵׁ֖⁠הוּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:10](../08/10.md). +8:15 qblp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽי⁠ו׃ 1 See how you handled this expression and its abstract noun in [1:4](../01/04.md). +8:16 hngc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּקַּ֗ח אֶֽת־כָּל־הַ⁠חֵלֶב֮ 1 Here, **he** refers to Moses. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses took all the fat” +8:16 zlu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶֽת־כָּל־הַ⁠חֵלֶב֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַ⁠קֶּרֶב֒ 1 See how you translated this fat portion in [3:3](../03/03.md). +8:16 s1n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֵת֙ יֹתֶ֣רֶת הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד 1 See how you translated this fat portion in [3:4](../03/03.md). +8:16 ozat rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֖ת 1 See how you translated this fat portion in [3:4](../03/03.md). +8:16 wysw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יַּקְטֵ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֖ה הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחָ⁠ה׃ 1 The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to rise refers to the fact that the sacrifice went up to God in heaven in the form of smoke. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “and Moses caused them to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the smoke and be pleased” +8:17 wetb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֤ר 1 Here **the bull** refers to every part of the animal except the internal organs and the fat portions that were mentioned in the previous verse. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “But the remaining parts of the bull” +8:17 cjs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo שָׂרַ֣ף בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ 1 See how you handled the extra information in this expression in [4:12](../04/12.md). +8:17 ggug rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns שָׂרַ֣ף בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ 1 Although the subject is not stated, the word **he** cannot refer to either Moses, who offers the sacrifice as the priest, or to Aaron and his sons, who are being ordained as priests. As previously mentioned, this action must be accomplished by someone else who can afford to risk becoming unclean through contact with the carcass of the dead animal. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “someone else burned with fire” or “another Israelite burned with fire” +8:18 sten rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֕ב אֵ֖ת אֵ֣יל הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 Here, **he** refers to Moses. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses presented the ram of the burnt offering” +8:18 xhiw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵ֖ת אֵ֣יל הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar possessive form in [8:2](../08/02.md). +8:18 r16d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽ⁠יִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּ⁠בָנָ֛י⁠ו אֶת־יְדֵי⁠הֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָ⁠אָֽיִל׃ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies **Aaron and his sons** with the animal they are offering. In this way, they are placing their sin on the animal in Yahweh's presence. See how you translated this in [1:4](../01/04.md). +8:19 yili rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּשְׁחָ֑ט 1 Although unclear, because it is the one offering the sacrifice who usually slaughters the animal for that sacrifice, **he** here likely refers to Aaron together with his sons. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent plain. Alternate translation: “And Aaron and his sons slaughtered it” +8:19 g6p0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּזְרֹ֨ק מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הַ⁠דָּ֛ם עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 It is implied that **Moses** caught the **blood** in a bowl as the blood drained out from the animal before he splashed it on the altar. See how you handled the implied information in the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +8:20 i2w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אַ֔יִל נִתַּ֖ח לִ⁠נְתָחָ֑י⁠ו 1 For emphasis, a verb and its object from the same root are being used. The verb **cut** is related to the noun **pieces**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “And he carefully and thoroughly butchered the ram into its various pieces” +8:20 acfw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אַ֔יִל נִתַּ֖ח לִ⁠נְתָחָ֑י⁠ו 1 Although unclear, because it is the one offering the sacrifice who usually butchers the animal for that sacrifice, **he** here likely refers to Aaron together with his sons. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent plain. Alternate translation: “And Aaron and his sons cut the ram into its pieces” +8:20 k05k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יַּקְטֵ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הָ⁠רֹ֔אשׁ וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠נְּתָחִ֖ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠פָּֽדֶר׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And Moses caused the head and the pieces and the suet to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the smoke and be pleased” +8:20 yx76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠נְּתָחִ֖ים 1 The expression **the pieces** refers to the appropriate portions of fat that would be removed from the burnt offering, according to the instructions recorded in Leviticus [1:8](../01/08.md). See how you translated the similar expression there. +8:20 vm61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠פָּֽדֶר׃ 1 See how you translated this fat portion in [1:8](../01/08.md). +8:21 t8ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo רָחַ֣ץ בַּ⁠מָּ֑יִם 1 See how you handled the extra information in this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +8:21 xtyh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns רָחַ֣ץ בַּ⁠מָּ֑יִם 1 Although unclear, because it is the one offering the sacrifice who usually slaughters and prepares the animal for that sacrifice, **he** here likely refers to Aaron together with his sons. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent plain. Alternate translation: “Aaron and his sons washed with water” +8:21 w635 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יַּקְטֵר֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה אֶת־כָּל־הָ⁠אַ֜יִל הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֗חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And Moses caused the head and the pieces and the suet to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the smoke and be pleased” +8:22 com2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יַּקְרֵב֙ אֶת־הָ⁠אַ֣יִל הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֔י 1 Here, **he** refers to Moses. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses presented the second ram” +8:22 qr6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵ֖יל הַ⁠מִּלֻּאִ֑ים 1 The expression **the ram of the ordination offering** uses the possessive form to describe the **ram** that had been selected to be sacrificed for an **ordination offering**. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “the ram that Aaron and his sons had presented as an ordination offering” +8:22 v85u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽ⁠יִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּ⁠בָנָ֛י⁠ו אֶת־יְדֵי⁠הֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָ⁠אָֽיִל׃ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). +8:23 qn88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּשְׁחָ֓ט 1 Although unclear, because it is the one offering the sacrifice who usually slaughters the animal for that sacrifice, **he** here likely refers to Aaron together with his sons. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent plain. Alternate translation: “And Aaron and his sons slaughtered it” +8:23 e9be rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ מִ⁠דָּמ֔⁠וֹ 1 See how you handled the implied information in the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +8:23 ja2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֛ן עַל־תְּנ֥וּךְ אֹֽזֶן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַ⁠יְמָנִ֑ית וְ⁠עַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָד⁠וֹ֙ הַ⁠יְמָנִ֔ית וְ⁠עַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠יְמָנִֽית׃ 1 This is a symbolic action. Just as placing blood on the extremities of the altar purified it and prepared it to be an appropriate vessel through which acceptable sacrifices might be offered to Yahweh, by placing blood on Aaron’s right earlobe, the thumb of his right hand, and the big toe of his right foot Moses purifies Aaron and prepares him to be set apart for offering acceptable sacrifices to Yahweh. If this would not be clear in your language, consider explaining the meaning of this rite in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and he gave it on the earlobe of the right ear of Aaron and on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot. He did this in order to purify Aaron from the impurity of sin and to prepare him to offer acceptable sacrifices to Yahweh” +8:23 puhy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֛ן עַל־תְּנ֥וּךְ אֹֽזֶן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַ⁠יְמָנִ֑ית 1 This expression is an idiom. It refers to placing or putting something on someone. If this idiom would not be clear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and he put it on the earlobe of the right ear of Aaron” +8:24 ztw0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֗ן 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [8:6](../08/06.md). +8:24 bjgp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֤ה מִן־הַ⁠דָּם֙ עַל־תְּנ֤וּךְ אָזְנָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠יְמָנִ֔ית וְ⁠עַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠יְמָנִ֔ית וְ⁠עַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְלָ֖⁠ם הַ⁠יְמָנִ֑ית 1 Just as was done with Aaron, this is a ritual action. Just as placing blood on the extremities of the altar purified it and prepared it to be an appropriate vessel through which acceptable sacrifices might be offered to Yahweh, by placing blood on Aaron’s sons’ right earlobes, the thumbs of their right hands, and the big toes of their right feet, Moses purified Aaron’s sons and prepared them to be set apart for offering acceptable sacrifices to Yahweh. If this would not be clear in your language, consider explaining the meaning of this rite in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and Moses gave some of the blood on the earlobe of their right ear and on the thumb of their right hand and on the big toe of their right foot. He did this in order to purify Aaron’s sons from the impurity of sin and to prepare them to offer acceptable sacrifices to Yahweh” +8:24 mjda rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֤ה מִן־הַ⁠דָּם֙ עַל־תְּנ֤וּךְ אָזְנָ⁠ם֙ הַ⁠יְמָנִ֔ית 1 This expression is an idiom. It refers to placing or putting something on someone. If this idiom would not be clear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and Moses put some of the blood on the earlobe of their right ear” +8:25 jt5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶת־הָֽ⁠אַלְיָ֗ה 1 See how you translated this portion of fat in [3:9](../03/09.md). +8:25 pi33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֶֽת־כָּל־הַ⁠חֵלֶב֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַ⁠קֶּרֶב֒ וְ⁠אֵת֙ יֹתֶ֣רֶת הַ⁠כָּבֵ֔ד וְ⁠אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֖ת 1 See how you translated these portions of fat and internal organs in [3:4](../03/04.md). +8:25 u6m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שׁ֥וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִֽין 1 See how you translated this portion of meat in [7:32](../07/32.md). +8:26 w3xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠מִ⁠סַּ֨ל הַ⁠מַּצּ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה 1 The expression **to the face of Yahweh** here refers to the location of the **basket of the unleavened bread**, as specified in [Exodus 29:3](../exo/29/03.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And from the basket of the unleavened bread that was placed in Yahweh’s presence in the sacred precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” +8:26 nlvk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠מִ⁠סַּ֨ל הַ⁠מַּצּ֜וֹת 1 The expression **the basket of the unleavened bread** uses the possessive form to describe a basket that is characterized by the presence of unleavened bread. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And from the basket that contained the unleavened bread” +8:26 uu53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חַלַּ֨ת מַצָּ֤ה אַחַת֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:4](../02/04.md). +8:26 t601 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְֽ⁠חַלַּ֨ת לֶ֥חֶם שֶׁ֛מֶן אַחַ֖ת 1 The expression **loaf of bread of oil** uses the possessive form to describe a loaf of bread that is characterized by the presence of oil on top. It corresponds to the bread whose flour is well-soaked with oil in [7:12](../07/12.md). Alternate translation: “and one loaf of bread that was well-soaked with oil” +8:26 tszw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠רָקִ֣יק אֶחָ֑ד 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:4](../02/04.md). +8:27 tq8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֣ן אֶת־הַ⁠כֹּ֔ל עַ֚ל כַּפֵּ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְ⁠עַ֖ל כַּפֵּ֣י בָנָ֑י⁠ו 1 See how you translated this idiom in [8:7](../08/07.md). +8:27 xnw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠כֹּ֔ל 1 Here, **the whole** refers to the fat portions, the right thigh, and all of the loaves of bread. If it would be helpful, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “all the portions of fat, the right thigh, and the loaves of bread” +8:27 hy74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּפֵּ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן & כַּפֵּ֣י בָנָ֑י⁠ו 1 The **palm** is the flat part of the inside of one’s hand. If your language has a word for this part of the hand, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: ”the open hands of Aaron ... the open hands of his sons” +8:27 n3y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛⁠ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 Although the subject is not named, because it is usually the person offering the sacrifice who is authorized to dedicate the portions of the sacrifice to Yahweh by waving them in his presence, it is likely that **he** here refers to Aaron and his sons. This is further clarified by the fact that Moses placed the portions of fat, the right thigh, and the loaves of bread in the open palms of Aaron and his sons. If it would be clearer in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and Aaron and his sons waved them as a wave offering” +8:27 l4k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛⁠ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this symbolic action and its corresponding type of offering in [7:30](../07/30.md). +8:27 veot rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 Here, the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means “in the presence of Yahweh,” as in toward the direction of the Most Holy Place where Yahweh lives among the Israelites. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “in the direction of the Most Holy Place where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” +8:28 q9b5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֹתָ⁠ם֙ 1 Here, **them** refers to the fat portions, the right thigh, and all of the loaves of bread. If it would be helpful, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses took the portions of fat, the right thigh, and the loaves of bread” +8:28 gvly rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יַּקְטֵ֥ר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֖חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +8:29 ejop rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יְנִיפֵ֥⁠הוּ תְנוּפָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this symbolic action and its corresponding type of offering in [7:30](../07/30.md). +8:29 auht rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means “in the presence of Yahweh,” as in toward the direction of the Most Holy Place where Yahweh lives among the Israelites. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “in the direction of the Most Holy Place where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +8:29 yt3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אֵ֣יל הַ⁠מִּלֻּאִ֗ים 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:22](../08/22.md). +8:29 u7ex לְ⁠מֹשֶׁ֤ה הָיָה֙ לְ⁠מָנָ֔ה 1 Alternate translation: “It became a portion for Moses” or “It was Moses’ portion” +8:30 b4zq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִ⁠שֶּׁ֣מֶן הַ⁠מִּשְׁחָ֗ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [8:2](../08/02.md). +8:30 wcw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠מִן־הַ⁠דָּם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּחַ֒ 1 The expression **the blood that was on the altar** refers to the blood of the sacrificed animal that had earlier been placed on the horns of the altar. If this would be not clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and some of the blood that he had previously put on the four horns of the altar” +8:30 vnvz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יַּ֤ז עַֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ עַל־בְּגָדָ֔י⁠ו וְ⁠עַל־בָּנָ֛י⁠ו וְ⁠עַל־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖י⁠ו אִתּ֑⁠וֹ 1 This is a ritual action. Just as sprinkling the oil on the utensils of the sacred tent sanctified them and dedicated them for service to Yahweh, the mixture of blood and oil both dedicates Aaron and his sons for service to Yahweh as priests and purifies them and their clothing from the impurity of sin through the cleansing nature of blood. If this would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning of the symbolic action in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and he sprinkled them on Aaron, on his clothes and on his sons and on the clothes of his sons with him. He did this in order to dedicate Aaron and his sons and to purify them from the impurity of sin” +8:30 zxdv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יְקַדֵּ֤שׁ אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔י⁠ו וְ⁠אֶת־בָּנָ֛י⁠ו וְ⁠אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖י⁠ו אִתּֽ⁠וֹ׃ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:10](../08/10.md). Alternate translation: “And he set Aaron, his clothes and his sons and the clothes of his sons with him apart and dedicated them all for the service of Yahweh alone” +8:31 h9hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠בָּשָׂר֮ 1 Although it is unclear, it is likely that, here, **the meat** refers to the meat of the ram that Aaron and his sons offered as an ordination offering and that Moses waved as a wave offering in Yahweh's presence. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the meat of the ram of the ordination offering” +8:31 cpcx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תֹּאכְל֣וּ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +8:31 wc6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֹּאכְל֣וּ 1 This expression uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you must eat it” +8:31 q5eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠סַ֣ל הַ⁠מִּלֻּאִ֑ים 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:22](../08/22.md). +8:31 bf4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוֵּ֨יתִי֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּ⁠בָנָ֖י⁠ו יֹאכְלֻֽ⁠הוּ׃ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “just as I commanded when I said that Aaron and his sons shall eat it” +8:31 q1xj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּ⁠בָנָ֖י⁠ו יֹאכְלֻֽ⁠הוּ׃ 1 The expression **Aaron and his sons shall eat it** uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Aaron and his sons should eat it” or ”Aaron and his sons must eat it” +8:32 d6jm וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹתָ֥ר בַּ⁠בָּשָׂ֖ר וּ⁠בַ⁠לָּ֑חֶם 1 Alternate translation: “But the rest of the meat and bread” +8:32 pz43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ תִּשְׂרֹֽפוּ׃ 1 See how you handled the extra information in this expression in [4:12](../04/12.md). +8:32 u784 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ תִּשְׂרֹֽפוּ׃ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +8:32 gs7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative בָּ⁠אֵ֖שׁ תִּשְׂרֹֽפוּ׃ 1 This expression uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you should burn with fire” or ”you must burn with fire” +8:33 l33w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תֵֽצְאוּ֙ & מִלֻּאֵי⁠כֶ֑ם & אֶת־יֶדְ⁠כֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **you** and **your** are plural. They refer to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +8:33 con5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative לֹ֤א תֵֽצְאוּ֙ 1 This expression uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you should not go out” or “you must not go out” +8:33 m5um rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry עַ֚ד י֣וֹם מְלֹ֔את יְמֵ֖י מִלֻּאֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Words from the same root are being repeated in a poetic word-play. The words **filling** and **ordination** come from the same root as the verbal expression **he will fill**. If your language has similarly related words that would convey these meanings, consider using them here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “until the day when your ordination is filled up because, during those seven days, he will fill up your hands” +8:33 l462 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns יְמֵ֖י מִלֻּאֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **ordination**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the days when you are being ordained as priests in service to Yahweh” +8:33 bd76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כִּ֚י שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים יְמַלֵּ֖א אֶת־יֶדְ⁠כֶֽם׃ 1 The expression **he will fill your hand** is an idiom that means to induct someone into the ministry and responsibilities of the priesthood. According to this verse, it will take seven days for Yahweh to induct Aaron and his sons into the priesthood. (See [Exodus 28:41](../exo/28/41.md) and [Exodus 29:9](../exo/29/09.md) for representative examples.) If this would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because it will take seven days for Yahweh to give you the responsibilities of the priesthood and dedicate you as priests” +8:33 nt6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יְמַלֵּ֖א אֶת־יֶדְ⁠כֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **he** refers to Yahweh. If this would not be clear to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will fill your hand” +8:34 io5e כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לַ⁠עֲשֹׂ֖ת 1 Alternate translation: “What has been done today is just as Yahweh commanded should be done” +8:34 e67x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 See how you handled the word **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). +8:34 d5c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵי⁠כֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **to** marks making **atonement** as the goal or purpose of Yahweh's commandments regarding the procedure of the various sacrifices performed on this day. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He did this so that he might make atonement for you” +8:34 eefz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular עֲלֵי⁠כֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +8:35 v2rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תֵּשְׁב֨וּ & וּ⁠שְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם & וְ⁠לֹ֣א תָמ֑וּתוּ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +8:35 i0s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֵּשְׁב֨וּ & וּ⁠שְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם 1 These expressions use a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you must stay ... and you must keep” or “you should stay ... and you should keep” +8:35 oxn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וּ⁠שְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת יְהוָ֖ה 1 Words from the same root are repeated for emphasis. The word **watch** is from the same root as the verb **keep**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. +8:35 h75b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠שְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת יְהוָ֖ה 1 To **keep** the **watch of Yahweh** does not mean to stand and guard the entrance to the sacred tent. Rather, the expression means to carefully avoid what Yahweh has commanded his people not to do, in other words, his prohibitions. If this meaning would not be clear, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will carefully keep Yahweh’s instructions about what you are not to do” +8:35 b94k rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠לֹ֣א תָמ֑וּתוּ 1 The word **and** here indicates that what follows is a result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “If you do this, you will not die” +8:35 m25h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כִּי־כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because thus Yahweh commanded me” +8:35 mvnl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי׃ 1 The word translated as **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You should do all this because thus I have been commanded” +8:35 fol0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns צֻוֵּֽיתִי׃ 1 Here, **I** refers to Moses. If this would not be clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “I, Moses, have been commanded” +8:36 bb62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ס 1 The expression **by the hand of Moses** uses one part of a person, the **hand**, to represent all of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh commanded through Moses” 9:intro s8cl 0 # Leviticus 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nAaron begins to function as the high priest in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Following Yahweh’s instructions\n\nGreat care is taken to show that Aaron perfectly followed Yahweh’s instructions. Moses records every detail to show how Aaron correctly followed Yahweh.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Fire came out from Yahweh”\n\nAaron did not create the fire that consumed his sacrifice. Instead, Yahweh miraculously began the fire which consumed the sacrifice. This showed that the sacrifice was acceptable to him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) 9:1 ksc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁמִינִ֔י 1 The word **eighth** is the ordinal number for eight. -9:2 exi1 לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “to Yahweh” or “in the presence of Yahweh” -9:3 jx2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠אֶל־ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר קְח֤וּ שְׂעִיר־ עִזִּים֙ 1 This is the beginning of a direct quote within a direct quote. You can change this into an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “And you must tell the people of Israel to take a male goat” -9:3 ah79 בְּנֵי־ שָׁנָ֛ה 1 Alternate translation: “a year old” or “twelve months of age” -9:4 gz2r לִ⁠זְבֹּ֨חַ֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 Alternate translation: “to sacrifice to Yahweh” -9:6 m2gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ 1 Here, **you** refers to the people of Israel. -9:6 p7cq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠יֵרָ֥א אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֖ם כְּב֥וֹד יְהוָֽה 1 Here, **glory** represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh may show you the glory of his presence” -9:7 k98c וַ⁠עֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־ חַטָּֽאתְ⁠ךָ֙ וְ⁠אֶת־ עֹ֣לָתֶ֔⁠ךָ & וַ⁠עֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־ קָרְבַּ֤ן הָ⁠עָם֙ וְ⁠כַפֵּ֣ר בַּֽעֲדָ֔⁠ם 1 These are two different sacrifices. The first sacrifice is to atone for the sins of the high priest. When the high priest sins it also makes the people guilty ([Leviticus 4:3](../04/03.md)). The second sacrifice is to atone of the sins the people themselves commit. -9:9 q85r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֠⁠יַּקְרִבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֣ן אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּם֮ אֵלָי⁠ו֒ 1 This implies that they caught the **blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. -9:9 pk8j קַרְנ֣וֹת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 The **horns of the altar** refer to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/07.md). -9:9 pp55 יְס֖וֹד הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ 1 Alternate translation: “the bottom of the altar” -9:10 dcj3 הִקְטִ֖יר 1 Alternate translation: “Aaron burned” -9:10 gqd4 הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֜ת & הַ⁠כָּבֵד֙ 1 See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/04.md). -9:11 n477 הָ⁠ע֑וֹר 1 A **hide** is the coat or skin of a herd animal. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:8](../07/08.md). -9:12 t13n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֠⁠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֵלָי⁠ו֙ אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 It is implied that **the sons of Aaron** caught the **blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. -9:14 nj4y אֶת־ הַ⁠קֶּ֖רֶב 1 Here, **the inner parts** refers to the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -9:15 f5tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal כָּ⁠רִאשֽׁוֹן 1 The word **first** is the ordinal number for one. Alternate translation: “like the goat of the sin offering” -9:17 a8bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠לְּ⁠בַ֖ד עֹלַ֥ת הַ⁠בֹּֽקֶר 1 The **burnt offering of the morning** refers to the first sacrifice of each day. The priests would offer this burnt sacrifice in the morning before any other sacrifice. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. -9:18 pdy2 וַ⁠יִּשְׁחַ֤ט 1 Alternate translation: “And Aaron killed” -9:18 y9tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֠⁠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּם֙ אֵלָ֔י⁠ו 1 It is implied that they caught the **blood** in a bowl. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. -9:19 ju3w וְ⁠הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּה֙ 1 The *inner parts** are the stomach and intestines. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). -9:19 q1v7 וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֔ת & הַ⁠כָּבֵֽד 1 See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:4](../03/04.md). -9:20 cb2c וַ⁠יָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־ הַ⁠חֲלָבִ֖ים עַל־ הֶ⁠חָז֑וֹת וַ⁠יַּקְטֵ֥ר 1 Alternate translation: “Aaron’s sons then put the fat portions on the breasts, and Aaron burned” -9:20 u277 הֶ⁠חָז֑וֹת 1 The breast is front part of the animal’s body below the neck. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:30](../07/30.md). -9:21 lwm2 שׁ֣וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין 1 The **thigh** is the upper part of the leg above the knee. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:32](../07/32.md). -9:21 ki59 לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “to Yahweh” -9:22 ky92 וַ⁠יֵּ֗רֶד 1 The phrase **came down** is used because the place of the altar was higher than where the people were standing. -9:23 d94f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠יֵּרָ֥א כְבוֹד־ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־ כָּל־ הָ⁠עָֽם 1 Here, **glory** represents Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh showed all the people the glory of his presence” -9:24 v7ig וַ⁠תֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַ⁠תֹּ֨אכַל֙ 1 Alternate translation: “And Yahweh sent a fire that consumed” -9:24 m6fb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠תֹּ֨אכַל֙ & אֶת־ הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה 1 The fire completely burning up the offering is spoken of as if the fire **consumed** or used up the burnt offering. -9:24 da35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֖וּ עַל־ פְּנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 This is a sign respect and honor. Alternate translation: “and lay with their faces to the ground” -10:intro qn6v 0 # Leviticus 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 10:3.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Mourning\n\nAaron was told that he and his remaining sons should not mourn Aaron’s sons who were killed. As priests, they must put priestly work first, before their mourning and personal problems.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Unapproved fire”\n\nThe phrase “unapproved fire “ indicates that Aaron’s son offered an unacceptable sacrifice. Because of Yahweh’s holiness, this was a serious sin. They may have offered a sacrifice at the wrong time or in the wrong way. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +9:1 rp4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁמִינִ֔י 1 The **eighth day** is the first day after the seven-day period of the ordination ceremony. Alternate translation: “on the first day after the ordination ceremony had finished” +9:2 jvuc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֵ֣גֶל בֶּן־בָּקָ֧ר לְ⁠חַטָּ֛את וְ⁠אַ֥יִל לְ⁠עֹלָ֖ה תְּמִימִ֑ם 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the word **perfect** here refers to an animal that is an exemplary representative of its species. Alternate translation: “an unblemished calf, a son of the cattle, for a sin offering, and an unblemished ram for a burnt offering” or "a calf without blemish, a son of the cattle, for a sin offering, and a ram without blemish for a burnt offering" +9:2 fik1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עֵ֣גֶל 1 A **calf** is a young bovine. If your language does not have a word for this type of animal, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a young bovine” +9:2 dtge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בֶּן־בָּקָ֧ר 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +9:2 e8xc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בָּקָ֧ר 1 See how you translated this word in [1:2](../01/02.md). +9:2 c82u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הַקְרֵ֖ב 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [8:6](../08/06.md). +9:2 exi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, in contexts such as this, the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means “where Yahweh can see” and, by extension, ”in Yahweh's presence.” See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “before Yahweh” or “in the precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +9:3 jx2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠אֶל־ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר קְח֤וּ שְׂעִיר־ עִזִּים֙ 1 This expression introduces a direct quote within a direct quote. You could change this into an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “And you should tell the sons of Israel to take a buck of the goats” +9:3 rfql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). +9:3 wxr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תְּדַבֵּ֣ר 1 This expression is using a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you must speak” or ”speak” +9:3 s42l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תְּדַבֵּ֣ר 1 Here, **you** is singular. It refers to Aaron, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +9:3 xwgi rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +9:3 nq8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׂעִיר־עִזִּים֙ 1 The expression **a buck of the goats** used the possessive form to refer to a male goat that belongs to the class of animals also called goats. If your language possesses a specific term for a male goat, consider using it here, or use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “an adult male goat” +9:3 unc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עִזִּים֙ 1 The expression **the goats** does not refer to a specific group of animals. It describes any groups of animals that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the goats that you own” +9:3 ah79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠עֵ֨גֶל וָ⁠כֶ֧בֶשׂ בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה תְּמִימִ֖ם 1 The expression **a son of a year** is an idiom that refers to an animal that is a year old. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and a perfect calf and a perfect lamb that are a year old” or “and a perfect calf and a perfect lamb that are twelve months of age” +9:4 gz2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence” or “in the precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” +9:4 fei7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִנְחָ֖ה בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַ⁠שָּׁ֑מֶן 1 See how you translated this expression in [7:10](../07/10.md). +9:4 l9yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal כִּ֣י הַ⁠יּ֔וֹם יְהוָ֖ה נִרְאָ֥ה אֲלֵי⁠כֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **for** marks Yahweh's appearing to the people of Israel as the goal or purpose of presenting all the sacrificial animals that Moses names here. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You should do this because Yahweh will appear to you today” +9:4 rn4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֲלֵי⁠כֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to the Israelite people, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +9:5 o262 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּקְח֗וּ 1 Here, **they** refers to the Israelite people, the “sons of Israel.” If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And the people of Israel brought” +9:5 jx2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֔ה 1 The expression **that which Moses commanded** refers to the five animals for the burnt, sin, and fellowship sacrifices and the loaves of bread for the grain offerings. These were referred to in [9:3–4](../09/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “the animals for the sacrifices and the grain offerings that Moses told them to bring” +9:5 jha5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 Here, **to the face of the tent of meeting** is an idiom that means “before the tent of meeting.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the front of the tent of meeting” +9:5 xpfc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽ⁠יִּקְרְבוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣⁠עֵדָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [8:6](../08/06.md). +9:5 v2co rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠יַּֽעַמְד֖וּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 Here, to **stand to the face of Yahweh** refers to the fact that the Israelite people came to stand before the altar, in the courtyard of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they stood in Yahweh’s presence within the precincts of the tent of meeting in which Yahweh lived among the Israelites” +9:6 m2gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to the Israelite people, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +9:6 p7cq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠יֵרָ֥א אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֖ם כְּב֥וֹד יְהוָֽה 1 Here, the expression **the glory of Yahweh** refers to the earthly manifestation of Yahweh in the form of fire (see [9:23–24](../09/23.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh himself will appear to you in the form of heavenly fire” +9:7 k98c וַ⁠עֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־ חַטָּֽאתְ⁠ךָ֙ וְ⁠אֶת־ עֹ֣לָתֶ֔⁠ךָ & וַ⁠עֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־ קָרְבַּ֤ן הָ⁠עָם֙ 1 Alternate translation: “and prepare your sin offering and your burnt offering ... And prepare the offering of the people” +9:7 xst1 וְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר בַּֽעַדְ⁠ךָ֖ וּ⁠בְעַ֣ד הָ⁠עָ֑ם & וְ⁠כַפֵּ֣ר בַּֽעֲדָ֔⁠ם 1 Alternate translation: “and make atonement for yourself and for the people ... and make atonement for them” +9:7 caq0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר & וְ⁠כַפֵּ֣ר 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). +9:7 kkgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־קָרְבַּ֤ן הָ⁠עָם֙ 1 The expression **the offering of the people** uses the possessive form to describe the sacrifices that Yahweh has commanded the people of Israel to bring. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the offering that Yahweh commanded the people to bring” +9:8 v2tu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־עֵ֥גֶל הַ⁠חַטָּ֖את 1 The expression **the calf of the sin offering** uses the possessive form to describe a calf that is characterized by the fact that it has been chosen to be sacrificed as a sin offering. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the calf that he presented as a sin offering” +9:8 gnsj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁר־לֽ⁠וֹ׃ 1 The expression **which was for himself** refers to the fact that this animal, the **calf of the sin offering**, was being offered for Aaron’s sake, and not for the people. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “which he offered to make atonement for himself” +9:9 q85r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֠⁠יַּקְרִבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֣ן אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּם֮ אֵלָי⁠ו֒ 1 This statement implies that the **sons of Aaron** collected the **blood** of the calf in a bowl as the blood drained. See how you handled the implied information in the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +9:9 ydrp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ֠⁠יַּקְרִבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֣ן אֶת־הַ⁠דָּם֮ אֵלָי⁠ו֒ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:2](../01/02.md). +9:9 i8b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֣ן 1 Here, **the sons of Aaron** literally refers to Aaron’s four historical sons and not to the entire priesthood. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation, with a comma after: “Aaron’s four sons, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar” +9:9 pp9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּטְבֹּ֤ל אֶצְבָּע⁠וֹ֙ & וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֖ן & יָצַ֔ק 1 Here, the words **he** and **his** refer to Aaron. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and Aaron dipped his finger ... and Aaron gave it ... and he poured out” +9:9 dw7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֖ן עַל־קַרְנ֣וֹת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 See how you translated this idiom in [4:7](../04/07.md). +9:9 pk8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קַרְנ֣וֹת הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 See how you translated this portion of the altar in [4:7](../04/07.md). +9:10 gqd4 וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֜ת וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠יֹּתֶ֤רֶת מִן־הַ⁠כָּבֵד֙ 1 See how you translated these internal organs in [3:4](../03/04.md). +9:10 henu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הִקְטִ֖יר הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חָ⁠ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +9:11 g8cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠בָּשָׂ֖ר 1 Here, **the meat** refers to the portions of the calf of the sin offering that were to be taken outside of the camp and burned. According to [4:11](../04/11.md), this included the calf’s head, the legs, the remaining internal organs (other than the kidney and the liver), and any remaining meat (other than the breast meat and the right thigh). If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation, with a comma after: “But the meat of the calf, along with its head and its legs, its entrails, its dung” +9:11 n477 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo שָׂרַ֣ף בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ 1 See how you handled the extra information in the similar expression in [6:30](../06/30.md). +9:11 qatp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns שָׂרַ֣ף בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ 1 Although it is unclear, it is likely that **he** here cannot refer to Aaron or to his sons or any of the priests, since burning the calf’s carcass outside of the camp had the potential to make them unclean. Thus, **he** here likely refers to another, unnamed Israelite. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “someone else burned with fire” or “another Israelite burned with fire” +9:12 ld7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּשְׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הָ⁠עֹלָ֑ה 1 Here, **he** refers to Aaron. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And Aaron slaughtered the burnt offering” +9:12 t13n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֠⁠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֵלָי⁠ו֙ אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּ֔ם 1 As before, this expression implies that **the sons of Aaron** caught the **blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. See how you handled the implied information in the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +9:13 o1kk וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠עֹלָ֗ה הִמְצִ֧יאוּ אֵלָ֛י⁠ו לִ⁠נְתָחֶ֖י⁠הָ וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠רֹ֑אשׁ 1 Alternate translation: “And they brought the burnt offering to him, having cut it into its pieces, including the head” +9:13 ci8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠עֹלָ֗ה הִמְצִ֧יאוּ אֵלָ֛י⁠ו 1 Here, **they** refers to the sons of Aaron, while **him** refers to Aaron himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making these referents explicit. Alternate translation: “And the burnt offering Aaron’s four sons brought to their father” +9:13 p2xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יַּקְטֵ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ 1 See how you translated this ritual action in [1:9](../01/09.md). +9:14 b7wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יִּרְחַ֥ץ אֶת־הַ⁠קֶּ֖רֶב וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠כְּרָעָ֑יִם וַ⁠יַּקְטֵ֥ר עַל־הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחָ⁠ה׃ 1 See how you translated these actions in [1:9](../01/09.md). +9:15 vae8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֕ב אֵ֖ת קָרְבַּ֣ן הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 See how you translated the similar repetition of related words in [1:2](../01/02.md). +9:15 xe2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֕ב 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [8:6](../08/06.md). +9:15 zz37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵ֖ת קָרְבַּ֣ן הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [9:7](../09/07.md). +9:15 siz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־שְׂעִ֤יר הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ 1 See how you translated the similar possessive form in [9:8](../09/08.md). +9:15 dwac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָ⁠עָ֔ם 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [9:8](../09/08.md). +9:15 f5tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal כָּ⁠רִאשֽׁוֹן 1 The word **first** is the ordinal number for one. The expression **the first one** refers to the calf that Aaron offered as a sin offering for himself. Alternate translation: “like the calf that Aaron offered as a sin offering for himself” +9:16 vyze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽ⁠יַּעֲשֶׂ֖⁠הָ כַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ 1 The expression **he did it according to the regulation** means that Aaron offered the burnt offering that the people required according to the instructions that Yahweh commanded in Leviticus 1. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and he did it just as Yahweh had commanded” +9:17 rf9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יְמַלֵּ֤א כַפּ⁠וֹ֙ מִמֶּ֔⁠נָּה 1 The expression **he filled his palm from it** refers to the priests’ practice of designating what portion of a grain offering would be burned by scooping out whatever he could fit in his open, upturned hand. This practice is described in [2:2](../02/02.md) and [5:12](../05/012.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and Aaron filled his palm with a handful of the grain offering in order to designate how much he would burn on the altar” +9:17 myae rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יַּקְטֵ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 Here, **it** refers not to the whole grain offering, but to the portion that Aaron scooped out with his palm. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and he caused the portion of the grain offering that he scooped out with his palm to become smoke on the altar” +9:17 xi9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יַּקְטֵ֖ר עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). +9:17 a8bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠לְּ⁠בַ֖ד עֹלַ֥ת הַ⁠בֹּֽקֶר 1 The expression **the burnt offering of the morning** uses the possessive form to describe the burnt offering that was offered as the first sacrifice of each day. Normally, the priests would offer this burnt sacrifice in the morning before any other sacrifice. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in addition to the burnt offering that had been offered earlier that morning as the usual first sacrifice of the day” +9:18 pdy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּשְׁחַ֤ט 1 Although it is unclear, it is likely that **he** here refers to Aaron, who is offering this sacrifice on behalf of the whole people. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Aaron slaughtered” +9:18 zxfv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אַ֔יִל זֶ֥בַח הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִ֖ים 1 The expression **the ram of the sacrifice of the peace offerings** uses the possessive form to describe a ram that was characterized by the fact that it had been chosen to be the animal sacrifice for a peace offering. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The ram that the people had presented to Aaron as the sacrifice for their peace offering” +9:18 vtbh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [9:8](../09/08.md). +9:18 y9tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֠⁠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֶת־ הַ⁠דָּם֙ אֵלָ֔י⁠ו 1 As before, this expression implies that **the sons of Aaron** caught the **blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. See how you handled the implied information in the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). +9:18 qkc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן 1 Here, the expression **the sons of Aaron** refers specifically to Aaron’s four male sons. If this would be unclear, given the previous use of this expression, consider making the meaning explicit. Alternate translation, with a comma after: “and Aaron's four sons, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar” +9:19 ju3w הָֽ⁠אַלְיָ֤ה & וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּלָיֹ֔ת וְ⁠יֹתֶ֖רֶת הַ⁠כָּבֵֽד׃ 1 See how you translated these fat portions and internal organs in [3:4](../03/04.md). +9:19 q1v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הַֽ⁠מְכַסֶּה֙ 1 The expression **that which covers** refers to the fat that covers the internal organs, as referenced in [3:3](../03/03.md) and elsewhere in Leviticus 1–7. Alternate translation: “and the fat covering the innards” +9:20 cb2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יָּשִׂ֥ימוּ 1 Here, **they** refers to the sons of Aaron. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “Aaron’s four sons put” +9:20 a6zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠חֲלָבִ֖ים & הַ⁠חֲלָבִ֖ים 1 The expression **the fat** refers to all the portions of fat and the internal organs that were listed in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “all these portions of fat and the innards ... all these portions of fat and the innards” +9:20 u277 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הֶ⁠חָז֑וֹת 1 See how you translated this portion of meat in [7:30](../07/30.md). +9:20 ftr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַ⁠יַּקְטֵ֥ר הַ⁠חֲלָבִ֖ים הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחָ⁠ה׃ 1 See how you translated this action in [1:9](../01/09.md). +9:20 c778 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יַּקְטֵ֥ר הַ⁠חֲלָבִ֖ים הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּֽחָ⁠ה׃ 1 Here, **he** refers to Aaron. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and Aaron caused the fat portions to become smoke on the altar” +9:21 lwm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שׁ֣וֹק הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין 1 See how you translated this portion of meat in [7:32](../07/32.md). +9:21 m515 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הֵנִ֧יף אַהֲרֹ֛ן תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this symbolic action and its corresponding type of offering in [7:30](../07/30.md). +9:21 ki59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this idiom in [7:30](../07/30.md). +9:22 y35z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יִּשָּׂ֨א אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־יד⁠ו אֶל־הָ⁠עָ֖ם 1 Lifting one's hands is a symbolic action that signals a physical posture of prayer. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “And Aaron lifted his hands toward the people so that he could pray for them” +9:22 xk8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing וַֽ⁠יְבָרְכֵ֑⁠ם 1 Aaron is asking Yahweh to bless the people. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he prayed Yahweh’s blessing over the people” +9:22 ky92 וַ⁠יֵּ֗רֶד מֵ⁠עֲשֹׂ֧ת הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֛את וְ⁠הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה וְ⁠הַ⁠שְּׁלָמִֽים׃ 1 The expression **And he came down** refers to the fact that Aaron was likely elevated off the ground, probably by means of stairs or a ramp, in order to offer the sacrifices on top of the altar. Consequently, Aaron would have been higher than where the people were standing. If it would be helpful, consider supplying this implied information. Alternate translation: “And, because Aaron was elevated above the people when he offered the sacrifices, he came down from making the sin offering and the burnt offering and the peace offerings” +9:23 lsoa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish וַ⁠יָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְ⁠אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וַ⁠יֵּ֣צְא֔וּ 1 These expressions may seem like consecutive actions. However, it is likely that Moses and Aaron went into the tent of meeting to talk with Yahweh and that they only came out again once they had done so. In your translation, make sure that these two actions do not appear to be immediately consecutive. Alternate translation: “And Moses and Aaron went into the tent of meeting. Sometime later, after they had met with Yahweh, they went out” +9:23 mr4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing וַֽ⁠יְבָרֲכ֖וּ אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 Aaron and Moses are asking Yahweh to bless **the people**. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and they prayed that Yahweh would bless the people” +9:23 d94f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יֵּרָ֥א כְבוֹד־ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־ כָּל־ הָ⁠עָֽם 1 See how you translated the expression **the glory of Yahweh** in [9:6](../09/06.md). +9:24 v7ig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַ⁠תֹּ֨אכַל֙ 1 The expression **from before the face of Yahweh** likely means that the fire came from the direction of Yahweh’s presence in the Most Holy Place, where he lived among the Israelites. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh's presence in the Most Holy Place, where he lived among the Israelites” +9:24 m6fb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠תֹּ֨אכַל֙ עַל־הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֔חַ אֶת־הָ⁠עֹלָ֖ה וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠חֲלָבִ֑ים 1 This expression uses the image of **the fire** consuming or eating **the burnt offering** to refer to the process that the sacrifice undergoes as the fire burns it until it is completely ash. If your language has a similar idiom used of fire completely burning something, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and it completely burned the burnt offering and the fat on the altar until it was nothing but ash” +9:24 m7g9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וַ⁠יַּ֤רְא כָּל־הָ⁠עָם֙ 1 The expression *all the people saw** may leave out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And all the people saw what happened” or “And all the people saw how the fire consumed the burnt offering and the fat on the altar” +9:24 e6ys rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יָּרֹ֔נּוּ 1 Here, to shout is to cry out in joy with a loud voice. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “and they joyfully shouted” or “and they cheered loudly” +9:24 da35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֖וּ עַל־ פְּנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 To fall on one’s **face** is a symbolic action. As an act of reverence, honor, and submission, It refers to either: (1) bowing on one’s knees with one’s face to the ground. If your language has a similar idiom to refer to bowing with respect to authority, consider using it here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they knelt down in respect and awe with their faces on the ground” or (2) laying flat on the ground. Alternate translation: “and they laid flat out on the ground” +10:intro qn6v 0 # Leviticus 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 10:3.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Mourning\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Fire” +10:1 wogp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּקְח֣וּ 1 The word **And** indicates that the action of this chapter immediately follows what happened in the previous chapter. The events recorded here should be considered to be a continuation of the story of the ordination ceremony. In your translate, be sure to use a connecting word that signals this to your readers. 10:1 r6u3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נָדָ֨ב וַ⁠אֲבִיה֜וּא 1 **Nadab** and **Abihu** are the names of Aaron’s sons. -10:1 ghd1 מַחְתָּת֗⁠וֹ 1 A **censer** is a shallow metal container which priests used to carry hot coals or incense. -10:1 d3vv וַ⁠יִּתְּנ֤וּ בָ⁠הֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ 1 Alternate translation: “and they put burning coals in it” -10:1 qem4 וַ⁠יַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 Alternate translation: “But Yahweh did not approve of their offering because it was not according to what he commanded them to offer” -10:1 afy8 לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה 1 Alternate translation: “unapproved fire to Yahweh” -10:2 et86 וַ⁠תֵּ֥צֵא אֵ֛שׁ מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “So Yahweh sent out fire” -10:2 f9fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠תֹּ֣אכַל אוֹתָ֑⁠ם 1 The fire completely burning the men up is spoken of as if the fire **devoured** or completely used them up. -10:2 c893 וַ⁠יָּמֻ֖תוּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “And they died in the presence of Yahweh” -10:3 pl7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הוּא֩ אֲשֶׁר־ דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה׀ לֵ⁠אמֹר֙ בִּ⁠קְרֹבַ֣⁠י אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ וְ⁠עַל־ פְּנֵ֥י כָל־ הָ⁠עָ֖ם אֶכָּבֵ֑ד 1 This has a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh was talking about when he said that he would reveal his holiness to those who come near him, and that he will be glorified on the faces of the people.” -10:3 c9g1 בִּ⁠קְרֹבַ֣⁠י אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ 1 The phrase **those who come near me** refers to the priests that serve Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will show those that come near to serve me that I am holy” or “Those who come near to serve me must treat me as holy” -10:3 py8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠עַל־ פְּנֵ֥י כָל־ הָ⁠עָ֖ם אֶכָּבֵ֑ד 1 This second part of Yahweh’s statement still concerns the priest, who are the ones who come near to Yahweh. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they must glorify me before all the people” or “And they must honor me in the presence of all the people” -10:4 qzy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִֽישָׁאֵל֙ & אֶלְצָפָ֔ן & בְּנֵ֥י עֻזִּיאֵ֖ל 1 **Mishael**, **Elzaphan**, and **Uzziel** are names of men. -10:4 bt7v אֶת־ אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 This does not mean they were literal **brothers**. Here **brothers** means relatives or cousins. -10:5 qi3k וַֽ⁠יִּקְרְב֗וּ 1 Alternate translation: “So Mishael and Elzaphan came near” -10:5 lmx1 וַ⁠יִּשָּׂאֻ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠כֻתֳּנֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 They **carried** the bodies of Nadab and Abihu, which still had on the priestly **tunics**. -10:6 w2ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠אֶלְעָזָר֩ וּ⁠לְ⁠אִֽיתָמָ֨ר 1 **Eleazar** and **Ithamar** are the names of Aaron’s sons. -10:6 zau7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction רָֽאשֵׁי⁠כֶ֥ם אַל־ תִּפְרָ֣עוּ׀ וּ⁠בִגְדֵי⁠כֶ֤ם לֹֽא־ תִפְרֹ֨מוּ֙ 1 Yahweh is telling Aaron and his sons not to show any outward signs of grief or mourning. -10:6 pe72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כָּל־ הָ⁠עֵדָ֖ה 1 Here, **assembly** means the whole congregation of Israel, not just a group of leaders. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel” -10:6 cbn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּל־ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **house** represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel” -10:6 g4h2 יִבְכּוּ֙ אֶת־ הַ⁠שְּׂרֵפָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר שָׂרַ֥ף יְהוָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “may mourn for those whom Yahweh killed with his fire” -10:9 fke8 חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם 1 Here, **It** refers back to the command for the priests to not drink wine or strong drink when they enter the tent of meeting. -10:9 xt68 חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְ⁠דֹרֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/17.md). -10:10 c51w וּֽ⁠לֲ⁠הַבְדִּ֔יל 1 You can start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “You must do this so that you will be able to distinguish” -10:10 um6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ וּ⁠בֵ֣ין הַ⁠חֹ֑ל 1 The nominal adjectives **the set apart** and **the common** can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “what is holy and what is common” or “between what is dedicated to God and what is ordinary” -10:10 h6gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj הַ⁠טָּמֵ֖א וּ⁠בֵ֥ין הַ⁠טָּהֽוֹר 1 The nominal adjectives **the unclean** and **the clean** indicate groups of things. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “what is unclean and what is clean” or “what God will not accept and what he will accept” -10:10 hnd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠טָּמֵ֖א 1 A person or thing that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch is spoken of as if they were physically **unclean**. -10:10 hwt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠טָּהֽוֹר 1 A person or thing that Yahweh has stated is fit to touch is spoken of as if they were physically **clean**. -10:12 x7w9 כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא 1 Alternate translation: “for the grain offering is most holy” -10:13 lw7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כִּי־ כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh commanded me” -10:14 kzs9 שׁ֣וֹק 1 The **thigh** is the upper part of the leg above the knee. -10:14 pj8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠מָק֣וֹם טָה֔וֹר 1 A **place** that is fit to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if it were physically **clean**. -10:14 hd3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you אַתָּ֕ה וּ⁠בָנֶ֥י⁠ךָ וּ⁠בְנֹתֶ֖י⁠ךָ אִתָּ֑⁠ךְ 1 Here, **you** and **your** refer to Aaron. -10:14 d7ig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כִּֽי־ חָקְ⁠ךָ֤ וְ⁠חָק־ בָּנֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ נִתְּנ֔וּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has given them as the share of you and of your sons” -10:15 y6r2 וַ⁠חֲזֵ֣ה 1 The **breast** is the front part of the animal’s body below the neck. -10:15 e8hp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הָיָ֨ה לְ⁠ךָ֜ וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנֶ֤י⁠ךָ אִתְּ⁠ךָ֙ לְ⁠חָק־ עוֹלָ֔ם 1 Translate this so it is understood that the portion belongs to Aaron and his sons. Alternate translation: “And this portion will always be for you and your sons” -10:16 ssj2 אֶלְעָזָ֤ר & אִֽיתָמָר֙ 1 See how you translated *Eleazar** and **Ithamar** in [Leviticus 10:6](../10/06.md). -10:17 y3wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַדּ֗וּעַ לֹֽא־ אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־ הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ בִּ⁠מְק֣וֹם הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא וְ⁠אֹתָ֣⁠הּ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָ⁠כֶ֗ם לָ⁠שֵׂאת֙ אֶת־ עֲוֺ֣ן הָ⁠עֵדָ֔ה לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֖ם לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Moses uses a question to rebuke Eleazar and Ithamar. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have eaten the sin offering in the holy place, since it is the holiest holy thing, and it he has given to you to take away the iniquity of the assembly, to make atonement for them before the face of Yahweh.” -10:17 rz8i כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא 1 Alternate translation: “since the sin offering is most the most holy thing” -10:17 d4e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ⁠שֵׂאת֙ אֶת־ עֲוֺ֣ן הָ⁠עֵדָ֔ה 1 Causing Yahweh to forgive the people of Israel is spoken of as if their **iniquity** were an object that Yahweh takes from the people. -10:17 m77r לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” -10:18 yy2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־ הוּבָ֣א אֶת־ דָּמָ֔⁠הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you did not bring its blood” -10:19 jkx5 וַ⁠תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה אֹתִ֖⁠י כָּ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה 1 Aaron is referring to the death of his two sons. -10:19 yzv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠אָכַ֤לְתִּי חַטָּאת֙ הַ⁠יּ֔וֹם הַ⁠יִּיטַ֖ב בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 These sacrifices were to be eaten with joy and happiness. Aaron uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh would not be pleased for him to eat the sacrifices since he is sad because of his sons’ deaths. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, Yahweh would not have been pleased if I had eaten the sin offering today.” +10:1 ghd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַחְתָּת֗⁠וֹ 1 A **censer** is a shallow metal container that priests could use to carry hot coals or ash. It is likely that these dishes could also be used to offer incense. If your language has a word for this religious object, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “his pan” +10:1 d3vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּתְּנ֤וּ בָ⁠הֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ 1 See how you translated this idiom in [1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “and they put fire in them” +10:1 oggx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֔שׁ 1 Here, the word **fire** represents the coals that produce fire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “burning coals” or “live coals” +10:1 lb5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קְטֹ֑רֶת 1 See how you translated this term in [4:7](../04/07.md). +10:1 qem4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:2](../01/02.md). +10:1 dwmf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” or “in Yahweh’s presence” +10:1 b4s0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה 1 It is likely that the expression **strange fire** means that either: (1) Nadab and Abihu had used burning coals that came from a common, everyday source rather than from a holy source, as Yahweh had commanded. Alternate translation: “common fire that was not set apart exclusively for Yahweh’s purposes” or (2) the incense that Nadab and Abihu placed on top of the burning coals was not the kind of incense that Yahweh had commanded should be offered in the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “unauthorized incense” +10:1 afy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֣שׁ 1 It is likely that **fire** refers to coals that Nadab and Abihu used to smolder the incense and cause it to smoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “coals” +10:1 it5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽ⁠ם׃ 1 This expression refers to the fact that the **strange fire** that Nadab and Abihu offered was not what Yahweh had commanded. Alternate translation: “that was not what Yahweh had specifically commanded his priests to offer” +10:2 c7n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish אֵ֛שׁ 1 Here, **fire** means fire and not coals, as in the previous verse. The repetition of words is intended to be ironic. Nadab and Abihu offered fire, but fire consumed them in judgment. If your language has similar words for live coals and for fire that could preserve this irony, consider using those terms here. If not, be sure to translate this word as fire. +10:2 et86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “from the Holy of Holies where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” or “from Yahweh’s presence” +10:2 f9fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠תֹּ֣אכַל אוֹתָ֑⁠ם 1 The author of Leviticus uses the image of the **fire** consuming or eating Aaron’s two sons to refer to the process that the sacrifice undergoes as the fire burns it until it is completely ash. If your language has a similar idiom used of fire completely burning something, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and it completely burned them until they were nothing but ash” +10:2 c893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠יָּמֻ֖תוּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “And they died in the precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” or “And they died in Yahweh’s presence” +10:3 pl7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הוּא֩ אֲשֶׁר־ דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה׀ לֵ⁠אמֹר֙ בִּ⁠קְרֹבַ֣⁠י אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ וְ⁠עַל־ פְּנֵ֥י כָל־ הָ⁠עָ֖ם אֶכָּבֵ֑ד 1 This has a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh spoke when he said that he would show himself to be holy among those who draw near to him and that he would be honored on the faces of all the people” +10:3 gef8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹר֙ 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +10:3 c9g1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠קְרֹבַ֣⁠י 1 The phrase **those who come near me** refers to either: (1) the priests that draw near to Yahweh in order to offer sacrifices to him. Alternate translation: “among the priests who offer sacrifices to me” or (2) all the people who draw near to Yahweh in order to offer sacrifices to him. Alternate translation: “among everyone who offers sacrifices to me” +10:3 p7vy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ 1 The expression **I will show myself to be holy** means that, by killing Aaron’s sons, either: (1) Yahweh demonstrated that he alone is God by showing that he is not only set apart from sin but also perfect and powerful. Alternate translation: “I will show that I am God and that I alone am set apart from sin” or (2) Yahweh removed the impurity caused by the sins of Nadab and Abihu, thus purifying himself. Alternate translation: “I will purify myself from the impurity of people’s sin” +10:3 pag5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will make them see that I am holy” +10:3 kpac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠עַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־הָ⁠עָ֖ם 1 Here, the **face** of **all the people** refers to the people's faculties of sight and, by extension, what they can see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And in the sight of all the people” +10:3 py8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֶכָּבֵ֑ד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will demonstrate that people should honor me” +10:4 qzy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִֽישָׁאֵל֙ & אֶלְצָפָ֔ן & בְּנֵ֥י עֻזִּיאֵ֖ל 1 **Mishael** and **Elzaphan** are the names of Aaron’s cousins, the sons of his uncle, **Uzziel**. +10:4 o9ui rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עֻזִּיאֵ֖ל 1 **Uzziel** is the name of Aaron’s uncle. +10:4 tu5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship דֹּ֣ד אַהֲרֹ֑ן 1 Here the term **uncle** specifically refers to Aaron's father's brother. If your language has a specific word for an **uncle**, it would be appropriate to use it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “Aaron's father's brother” +10:4 etlw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction קִ֠רְב֞וּ 1 To **present** oneself is a symbolic action that refers to bringing oneself into Yahweh’s presence to do his purposes. If this expression would be confusing to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, with a period following: “Come near to the precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites and be ready to do what Yahweh requires of you” +10:4 tus1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׂא֤וּ אֶת־אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 To **lift** something can mean to carry it. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and carry your brothers” +10:4 bt7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־ אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 Here, the word **brothers** refers either: (1) to close family relations. Alternate translation: “your close family members” or (2) to fellow Israelites who are to consider one another as members of a single extended family. Alternate translation: “your fellow Israelites” +10:4 m9ht rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֶת־אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 Here, **your** is plural. It refers to Mishael and Elzaphan, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +10:4 wutc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מֵ⁠אֵ֣ת פְּנֵי־הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 Here, **from the face of the Holy Place** is an idiom that refers to the location in front of the Holy Place, likely the courtyard in front of the curtain that hung over the entrance to the Holy of Holies. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the space in front of the Holy of Holies within the tent of meeting” +10:4 k1n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠קֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 The **Holy Place** refers to the inner tent inside of which the Holy of Holies was located. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “the inner sanctuary which houses the Holy of Holies” +10:5 qi3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽ⁠יִּקְרְב֗וּ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:2](../01/02.md). +10:5 vv6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּשָּׂאֻ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠כֻתֳּנֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 Mishael and Elzaphan carry Nadab and Abihu **by their tunics** so as to not come in direct contact with a dead body, which would make Mishael and Elzaphan ceremonially unclean. If it would be helpful in your language, consider providing this implied information in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and, because they did not want to become unclean by touching a dead body, they lifted them by their tunics” +10:5 x91o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּשָּׂאֻ⁠ם֙ 1 To **lift** something means to carry it. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they carried them” +10:5 lmx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּשָּׂאֻ⁠ם֙ 1 Here, **them** refers to the bodies of Nadab and Abihu. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “and they lifted the bodies of Nadab and Abihu” +10:5 g8xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּ⁠כֻתֳּנֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 See how you translated this article of clothing in [8:7](../08/07.md). +10:5 aswh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠כֻתֳּנֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 Here, **their** could refer to (1) Nadab and Abihu. Alternate translation: “by Nadab and Abihu’s tunics” or (2) Mishael and Elzaphan. Alternate translation: “by Mishael and Elzaphan’s tunics” +10:6 w2ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠אֶלְעָזָר֩ וּ⁠לְ⁠אִֽיתָמָ֨ר 1 **Eleazar** and **Ithamar** are the names of Aaron’s two remaining sons. +10:6 jqvz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ׀ בָּנָ֜י⁠ו 1 Here, **his** refers to Aaron. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “Aaron’s sons” +10:6 zau7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction רָֽאשֵׁי⁠כֶ֥ם אַל־ תִּפְרָ֣עוּ׀ וּ⁠בִגְדֵי⁠כֶ֤ם לֹֽא־ תִפְרֹ֨מוּ֙ 1 These are symbolic actions associated with mourning for dead relatives. If your language does not have similar actions associated with a period of mourning, consider explaining the meaning of these actions in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “Do not mourn for your relatives by letting your heads be loose or by tearing your clothes” +10:6 hutl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רָֽאשֵׁי⁠כֶ֥ם אַל־תִּפְרָ֣עוּ ׀ 1 Here, the word **heads** refers to the hair of one’s head by association, so the expression **Do not let your heads be loose** refers to letting one’s hair hang down disheveled and unkempt. It is implied that Aaron’s sons’ hair was long enough to hang down over their heads. As the previous note suggests, this was a common practice associated with mourning for a dead relative. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not let your long hair hang down loose” +10:6 qzuj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular רָֽאשֵׁי⁠כֶ֥ם & וּ⁠בִגְדֵי⁠כֶ֤ם & וְ⁠לֹ֣א תָמֻ֔תוּ & וַ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 Here, **you** and **your** are plural. They refer to Aaron’s sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +10:6 viun rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִקְצֹ֑ף 1 Here, **he** refers to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not be angry” +10:6 s1o8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֙ כָּל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases in a way that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “But the whole house of Israel, who are your brothers” +10:6 pe72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 Here, the word **brothers** does not mean male relatives. Rather, it likely refers to all their fellow Israelites, who were to be considered to be members of a single extended family. Alternate translation: “But all your fellow Israelites” +10:6 cbn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּל־ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **house** refers to the whole people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel” +10:6 d6t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative יִבְכּוּ֙ 1 This expression uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “should weep” or “must weep” +10:6 g4h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry הַ⁠שְּׂרֵפָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר שָׂרַ֥ף יְהוָֽה 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he burned** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **burning**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. +10:6 pcx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠שְּׂרֵפָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר שָׂרַ֥ף יְהוָֽה׃ 1 The word **burning** refers to the fire that came out from the Holy Place and consumed Nadab and Abihu. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the way that Yahweh completely destroyed Nadab and Abihu with fire” +10:7 iyos rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לֹ֤א תֵֽצְאוּ֙ & תָּמֻ֔תוּ & עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Eleazar and Ithamar, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +10:7 gymx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative לֹ֤א תֵֽצְאוּ֙ 1 The expression **you shall not go out** uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you must not go out” or “do not go out” +10:7 xne1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־ 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “This is because” +10:7 pdx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שֶׁ֛מֶן מִשְׁחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה 1 The expression **the oil of the anointing of Yahweh** uses the possessive form to describe oil that is characterized by the fact that it is used to anoint people for service to Yahweh. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning with a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the special oil that is used to set people apart to serve as priests to Yahweh” +10:7 u594 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַֽ⁠יַּעֲשׂ֖וּ כִּ⁠דְבַ֥ר מֹשֶֽׁה 1 The term **word** is being used to mean the message that Moses spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they did exactly what Moses told them to do” +10:7 mo1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַֽ⁠יַּעֲשׂ֖וּ 1 Here, **they** refers to Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s two remaining sons. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “And Eleazar and Ithamar did” +10:8 xdru rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹֽר׃ 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +10:9 sezj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠שֵׁכָ֞ר 1 Here, **beer** is likely a fermented and alcoholic beverage made from brewing wheat, barley, or other grains. If your language has a word for this beverage, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “or other alcoholic beverage” +10:9 h40l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אַתָּ֣ה ׀ וּ⁠בָנֶ֣י⁠ךָ אִתָּ֗⁠ךְ 1 Here, **you** is singular. It refers to Aaron, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +10:9 jjm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בָנֶ֣י⁠ךָ אִתָּ֗⁠ךְ 1 The expression **your sons with you** refers to Eleazar and Ithamar, who are **with** Aaron by virtue of being his two remaining living sons (whereas the bodies of Nadab and Abihu, Aaron’s now deceased sons, have been taken outside of the camp). If this expression would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or your remaining sons who are still alive” +10:9 ewsm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular בְּ⁠בֹאֲ⁠כֶ֛ם & וְ⁠לֹ֣א תָמֻ֑תוּ & לְ⁠דֹרֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **you** and **your** are plural. They refer to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +10:10 c51w rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וּֽ⁠לֲ⁠הַבְדִּ֔יל 1 Here, the word **and** does not mean that the ability to separate between **the holy** and **the common** is a direct consequence of abstaining from drinking alcohol while conducting priestly duties. If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language to connect this statement to the previous one. Alternatively, it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You also should learn to separate” +10:10 um6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ & הַ⁠חֹ֑ל 1 The adjectives **holy** and **common** are being used as nouns to refer to that which is set apart for Yahweh alone and that which is associated with ordinary, everyday life. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “that which is holy … that which is common” +10:10 gy4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠חֹ֑ל 1 The word **common** refers to things, animals, or people that are not set apart for Yahweh but are associated with ordinary, everyday life. If this meaning would not clear in your language, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the ordinary” +10:10 h6gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj הַ⁠טָּמֵ֖א & הַ⁠טָּהֽוֹר 1 The adjectives **clean** and **unclean** are being used as nouns to refer to that which is able to be in holy space and come into contact with holy objects and that which is impure and cannot be in holy space without introducing impurity to that space and those objects. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “that which is clean … that which is unclean” +10:10 hnd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠טָּמֵ֖א 1 See how you translated this term in [5:2](../05/02.md). +10:10 hwt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠טָּהֽוֹר 1 See how you translated this term in [4:12](../04/12.md). +10:11 ersp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וּ⁠לְ⁠הוֹרֹ֖ת 1 Here, **in order to** marks teaching **the sons of Israel** as the goal or purpose of learning to separate between holy and common, between clean and unclean. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternatively, it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “The priests should learn to do this so that they might be able to teach” +10:11 z0fa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). +10:11 ziwv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 Here, **hand** represents the agency of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through Moses” +10:12 tnax rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ׀ בָּנָי⁠ו֮ הַ⁠נּֽוֹתָרִים֒ 1 Here, **his** refers to Aaron. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “Aaron's remaining sons” +10:12 bsmt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). +10:12 uj8a וְ⁠אִכְל֥וּ⁠הָ מַצּ֖וֹת אֵ֣צֶל הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 Alternate translation: “and eat the unleavened bread beside the altar” +10:12 azgq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אִכְל֥וּ⁠הָ 1 Here, **it** refers to whatever portion of the **grain offering** was left over and had not been burned on the altar. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “and eat the remaining grain offering” +10:12 icyo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא׃ 1 The word **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “This is because it is a holy thing of the holy things” +10:12 x7w9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). +10:13 iemc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֹתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 This expression uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And you must eat it” or “Eat it” +10:13 zyz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons. Consider using the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +10:13 dwqm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֹתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 Here, **it** refers to whatever portion of the **grain offering** was left over and had not been burned on the altar. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “the remaining grain offering” +10:13 gl9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י חָקְ⁠ךָ֤ וְ⁠חָק־בָּנֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ הִ֔וא מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 The word **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You should do this because it is your portion and the portion of your sons from the gifts of Yahweh” +10:13 wa2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). +10:13 kd8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי׃ 1 The word **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “This is so because thus I have been commanded” +10:13 lw7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כִּי־ כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because thus Yahweh commanded me” +10:14 fbtl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אֵת֩ חֲזֵ֨ה הַ⁠תְּנוּפָ֜ה 1 The expression **the breast of the wave offering** uses the possessive form to describe breast meat that is characterized by the fact that it has been chosen to be offered as a wave offering. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the breast meat that Aaron and his sons presented as a wave offering” +10:14 ydf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠אֵת֩ חֲזֵ֨ה 1 See how you translated this type of meat in [7:30](../07/30.md). +10:14 wlkc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠תְּנוּפָ֜ה 1 See how you translated this type of offering in [7:30](../07/30.md). +10:14 zlh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אֵ֣ת ׀ שׁ֣וֹק הַ⁠תְּרוּמָ֗ה 1 The expression **the thing of the contribution** uses the possessive form to describe thigh meat that is characterized by the fact that it has been chosen to be offered as a special contribution of food to Yahweh’s priests. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the thigh meat that Aaron and his sons presented as a special contribution” +10:14 kzs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שׁ֣וֹק 1 See how you translated this portion of meat in [7:32](../07/32.md). +10:14 x3ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠תְּרוּמָ֗ה 1 See how you translated this term in [7:14](../07/14.md). +10:14 q9tm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ 1 The expression **you shall eat** uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you must eat” or “eat” +10:14 xg6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons. Consider using the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +10:14 hd3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַתָּ֕ה וּ⁠בָנֶ֥י⁠ךָ וּ⁠בְנֹתֶ֖י⁠ךָ אִתָּ֑⁠ךְ 1 Here, **you** and **your** refer to Aaron. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “you, Aaron, and your sons and your daughters with you” +10:14 ipkv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אַתָּ֕ה וּ⁠בָנֶ֥י⁠ךָ וּ⁠בְנֹתֶ֖י⁠ךָ אִתָּ֑⁠ךְ & חָקְ⁠ךָ֤ & בָּנֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 Here, the words **you** and **your** are singular. They refer to Aaron alone. Consider using the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +10:14 r4oa rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־חָקְ⁠ךָ֤ וְ⁠חָק־בָּנֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ נִתְּנ֔וּ 1 The word **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You should do this because they are given {as} your portion and the portion of your sons” +10:14 d7ig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כִּֽי־ חָקְ⁠ךָ֤ וְ⁠חָק־ בָּנֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ נִתְּנ֔וּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has given them as your portion and the portion of your sons” +10:14 exsy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns נִתְּנ֔וּ 1 Here, **they** does not refer to Aaron’s sons and daughters. Rather, it refers to the breast meat of the wave offering and the thigh meat of the contribution. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referents explicitly. Alternate translation: “the breast meat of the wave offering and the thigh meat of the contribution are given” +10:14 qnqe rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִ⁠זִּבְחֵ֥י שַׁלְמֵ֖י 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:1](../03/01.md). +10:14 ers8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). +10:15 mzyf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שׁ֣וֹק הַ⁠תְּרוּמָ֞ה וַ⁠חֲזֵ֣ה הַ⁠תְּנוּפָ֗ה 1 See how you translated these expressions in [10:14](../10/14.md). +10:15 x654 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִשֵּׁ֤י הַ⁠חֲלָבִים֙ 1 The expression **the gifts of the fat portions** refers to all the portions of fat and internal organs that would normally be offered with sacrifices of peace offerings. See [3:3–4](../03/03.md), [3:9–10](../03/09.md), and [3:14–15](../03/14.md) for the exact portions. +10:15 f30w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָבִ֔יאוּ 1 Here, **they** likely refers to the people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel shall bring” +10:15 ri2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative יָבִ֔יאוּ 1 The expression **they shall bring** uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “they must bring” or “they should bring” +10:15 n69i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְ⁠הָנִ֥יף תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this ritual action and its corresponding type of offering in [7:30](../07/30.md). +10:15 vhjx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ⁠הָנִ֥יף תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 Here, **to** marks waving the meat and fat portions as a **wave offering** as the goal or purpose of bringing them to the tent of meeting. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. +10:15 agci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” or “in Yahweh’s presence” +10:15 e8hp וְ⁠הָיָ֨ה לְ⁠ךָ֜ וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנֶ֤י⁠ךָ אִתְּ⁠ךָ֙ לְ⁠חָק־ עוֹלָ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “And it belongs to you and to your sons with you as an enduring portion” +10:16 gh55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אֵ֣ת ׀ שְׂעִ֣יר הַֽ⁠חַטָּ֗את 1 See how you translated this possessive form in [9:15](../09/15.md). Here, the **goat of the sin offering** refers to the butchered meat of the animal rather than to the live animal itself. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the meat of the goat of the sin offering” +10:16 mb94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication דָּרֹ֥שׁ דָּרַ֛שׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה 1 This expression repeats the verb **searched for** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Moses diligently searched for” +10:16 emuf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive שֹׂרָ֑ף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Aaron’s sons had burned it up” +10:16 u1x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ֠⁠יִּקְצֹף 1 Here, **he** refers to Moses. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referents explicitly. Alternate translation: “And Moses was angry” +10:16 a6vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. +10:17 y3wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular מַדּ֗וּעַ לֹֽא־אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם & לָ⁠כֶ֗ם 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Eleazar and Ithamar, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +10:17 py7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַֽ⁠חַטָּאת֙ 1 Here, **the sin offering** refers to the meat of the goat that was offered as a sin offering. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the meat of the goat that was offered as a sin offering” +10:17 rz8i rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא 1 The word **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a question mark before and a period after: “You should have done this because it is a holy thing of holy things” +10:17 ckr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אֹתָ֣⁠הּ ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָ⁠כֶ֗ם 1 Here, **it** refers to the meat of the sin offering. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And he gave the meat of the sin offering to you” +10:17 pohs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns נָתַ֣ן 1 Here, **he** refers to Yahweh. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave” +10:17 scg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לָ⁠שֵׂאת֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן הָ⁠עֵדָ֔ה 1 Here, **to** marks bearing the **iniquity of the people** as the goal or purpose of Yahweh’s having given the meat of the **sin offering** to the priests to eat. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. +10:17 d4e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ⁠שֵׂאת֙ אֶת־ עֲוֺ֣ן הָ⁠עֵדָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this idiom in [5:1](../05/01.md). +10:17 oubl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֖ם 1 Here, **to** marks making **atonement** for the people as the goal or purpose of Yahweh’s having given the meat of the **sin offering** to the priests to eat. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. +10:17 i4gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠כַפֵּ֥ר 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). +10:17 rsax rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֖ם 1 Here, **them** refers to the congregation. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “for the congregation” +10:17 kvwa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence” or “in Yahweh’s judgment” +10:18 yy2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־הוּבָ֣א אֶת־דָּמָ֔⁠הּ אֶל־הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ פְּנִ֑ימָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this sacrifice was not the type that required the priests to bring its blood into the inner Holy Place” +10:18 ijm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־הוּבָ֣א אֶת־דָּמָ֔⁠הּ אֶל־הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ פְּנִ֑ימָה 1 According to [6:23](../06/23.md), sin offerings that required the priest to bring the blood of the animal into the inner sanctuary of the Holy Place could not be eaten by the priests. Rather, this variety of sin offerings had to be burned completely. Moses is saying that because the sin offering presented by the people was not this particular kind of sin offering, it should have been eaten by the priests. If this would not be clear to your readers, consider explaining the significance of this statement in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “if the blood of the sin offering had been brought into the inner Holy Place, it couldn’t have been eaten. But as it was, the sin offering that the people presented did not require this” +10:18 o5qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֶת־דָּמָ֔⁠הּ 1 Here, **its** refers to the sin offering. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “the blood of the sin offering” +10:18 b9hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠קֹּ֖דֶשׁ פְּנִ֑ימָה 1 The **inner Holy Place** refers to the space inside the tent of meeting, particularly, the interior space of the inner tent in which the Holy of Holies was housed. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the interior of the tent of the Holy Place” +10:18 mzac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication אָכ֨וֹל תֹּאכְל֥וּ אֹתָ֛⁠הּ 1 This expression repeats the verb **eat** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “You shall have certainly eaten it” +10:18 l9r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֹּאכְל֥וּ אֹתָ֛⁠הּ 1 The expression **you shall eat it** uses a future statement to give an instruction or command that ought to have been followed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you should have eaten it” +10:18 hnp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תֹּאכְל֥וּ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +10:19 srqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הִקְרִ֨יבוּ אֶת־חַטָּאתָ֤⁠ם וְ⁠אֶת־עֹֽלָתָ⁠ם֙ 1 Here, **they** and **their** refer to Aaron’s four sons, who had offered **burnt offerings** and **sin offerings** on their own behalf as well as on the behalf of the people. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “my four sons presented their sin offering and their burnt offering” +10:19 ja8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” or “in Yahweh’s presence” +10:19 jkx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וַ⁠תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה אֹתִ֖⁠י כָּ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה 1 Aaron is referring to the death of his sons, Nadab and Abihu, in a polite way by using the phrase **it has happened to me according to these things**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to these events in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “and now my sons lie dead outside of the camp, having been consumed by Yahweh’s fire” +10:19 yzv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠אָכַ֤לְתִּי חַטָּאת֙ הַ⁠יּ֔וֹם הַ⁠יִּיטַ֖ב בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Aaron here uses the question form to question Moses about the appropriateness of eating the meat of the sin offering when his two sons were killed within the holy space of the tent of meeting itself. His question anticipates a negative response. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation, with a period rather than a question mark after: “But even if I ate the sin offering today, it would not have been good in the eyes of Yahweh, would it” +10:19 e4az rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אָכַ֤לְתִּי חַטָּאת֙ 1 Here, the **sin offering** refers to the meat of the sin offering. If it would be helpful for your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if I ate the meat of the goat of the sin offering” +10:19 ovou rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠יִּיטַ֖ב בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 Here, **eyes** represent the sight of a person and, by extension, their judgment or approval. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “would it have been good in Yahweh’s judgment” +10:19 ni6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַ⁠יִּיטַ֖ב בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 The expression **good in the eyes of Yahweh** is an idiom that means “to be pleasing to Yahweh” or “to be acceptable to Yahweh.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “would Yahweh have approved” or “would it have pleased Yahweh” +10:20 npu0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֣ע מֹשֶׁ֔ה 1 The expression **And Moses heard** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses heard what Aaron said” +10:20 k82x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּיטַ֖ב בְּ⁠עֵינָֽי⁠ו 1 Here, **eyes** represent the sight of a person and, by extension, their judgment or approval. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it was good to him” +10:20 dcek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּיטַ֖ב בְּ⁠עֵינָֽי⁠ו 1 The expression **good in his eyes** is an idiom that means “to be pleasing” or “to be acceptable.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he approved” or “and it seemed good to him” 11:intro i427 0 # Leviticus 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n\n### Laws about food\n\nThis chapter contains a list of the animals the Israelites were not allowed to eat. Further research may be needed to determine the exact location of different parts of an animal. Many of these foods are not consumed to this day because they cause diseases, but it is unclear why the other foods are prohibited.\n\nEating unclean foods made a person unclean. The process of consuming these types of foods spread the uncleanliness to a person. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) 11:2 sc39 מִ⁠כָּל־ הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “from any of the animals” 11:3 yce6 מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה 1 This means the **hoof** is split into two parts instead of being one whole. @@ -1623,4 +1884,4 @@ front:intro nxz4 0 # Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 27:32 rzb2 הָֽ⁠עֲשִׂירִ֕י 1 Alternate translation: “every tenth animal” 27:33 j4n9 וְ⁠הָֽיָה־ ה֧וּא וּ⁠תְמוּרָת֛⁠וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־ קֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 Alternate translation: “then you will set apart both animals” 27:33 f56x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He cannot redeem it” or “He cannot buy it back” -27:34 dxq6 אֵ֣לֶּה הַ⁠מִּצְוֺ֗ת 1 This is a summary statement. It refers to the commandments that were given in the past chapters. +27:34 dxq6 אֵ֣לֶּה הַ⁠מִּצְוֺ֗ת 1 This is a summary statement. It refers to the commandments that were given in the past chapters. \ No newline at end of file