Chris Smith edits to JDG 15 (#3839)

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@ -1226,63 +1226,52 @@ front:intro v8pn 0 # Introduction to Judges\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
14:20 hb14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Samsons wife was given to his best friend 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his wifes father gave her to his best friend”
14:20 ibt7 best friend 0 Alternate translation: “closest friend”
15:intro dn16 0 # Judges 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe account of Samson continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Samsons strength\n\nThe Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samsons power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
15:1 gn7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He said to himself 0 This refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “He thought to himself”
15:1 n6ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will go to my wifes room 0 Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will go to my wifes room, so we may sleep together”
15:1 hmg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis would not allow him to go in 0 The phrase “her room” is understood from what Samson said to himself. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “would not permit him to go into her room”
15:2 f2qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so I gave her to your friend 0 This means that he gave her to be his friends wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “so I gave her to be married to your friend”
15:2 pn1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion is she not? 0 He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hope you agree.”
15:2 ruf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Take her instead 0 He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Take her to be your wife instead”
15:3 b19a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them 0 Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me”
15:4 vl3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred foxes 0 “300 foxes”
15:4 bxn9 foxes 0 Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals.
15:4 g4ms each pair 0 a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails
15:4 l3z7 tail to tail 0 Alternate translation: “by their tails”
15:4 b6p3 torches 0 A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light.
15:5 p7mc standing grain 0 grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field
15:5 i6qn stacked grain 0 the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested
15:5 a7kw orchards 0 An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown.
15:6 mns7 the Timnites son-in-law 0 The husband of a mans daughter is a “son-in-law.”
15:6 r78s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Timnite 0 This is a person from Timnah.
15:6 uk9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit took Samsons wife and gave her to his friend 0 Samsons wifes father gave her in marriage to Samsons friend. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “took Samsons wife and allowed her to marry Samsons friend”
15:6 hz8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom burned up 0 The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death.
15:7 sj8e said to them 0 Alternate translation: “said to the Philistines”
15:7 k4eu If this is what you do 0 Alternate translation: “Because you have done this.”
15:8 x42b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh 0 Here “hip and thigh” refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate translation: “He cut their bodies to pieces”
15:8 xk3p cave 0 an opening in a hill or mountainside
15:8 yl63 cliff 0 a high, rocky hill or mountainside
15:8 b6rw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Etam 0 This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem.
15:9 g7cb the Philistines came up … in Judah 0 The phrase “came up” is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from.
15:9 fkh2 prepared for battle 0 Alternate translation: “organized themselves for battle”
15:9 v6jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lehi 0 This is the name of a town in Judah.
15:10 ut2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit do to him as he has done to us 0 The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. Alternate translation: “kill him like he killed many of our people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
15:11 y64p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three thousand men of Judah 0 “3,000 men of Judah”
15:11 ji18 cave in the cliff of Etam 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md).
15:11 k7fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us? 0 The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. Alternate translation: “You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm.”
15:11 td2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They did to me, and so I have done to them 0 Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They killed my wife, so I killed them”
15:12 a6ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hands of the Philistines 0 Here “hands” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the Philistines control”
15:13 nz1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hand you over to them 0 This means to cause someone to be under someone elses control. Alternate translation: “give you to the Philistines”
15:13 m8g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit up from the rock 0 This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md). Here the words “up from” mean that they had brought him away from the cave. Alternate translation: “away from the cave in the large rock” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:14 dr4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit When he came 0 Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. Alternate translation: “When they came”
15:14 xp7l Lehi 0 This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md).
15:14 w48h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom came on him with power 0 The phrase “came on” means that Yahwehs Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong”
15:14 nue5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax 0 Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. Alternate translation: “He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax”
15:14 d1fe flax 0 fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth
15:15 w6nt a fresh jawbone 0 This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set.
15:15 nb59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers a thousand men 0 “1,000 men”
15:16 dzp6 the jawbone of a donkey 0 Alternate translation: “a donkeys jawbone”
15:16 dm4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit heaps upon heaps 0 This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies”
15:17 ra2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ramath Lehi 0 This is the name of a place. Its name means “Jawbone Hill”
15:18 ta26 was very thirsty 0 Alternate translation: “needed water to drink”
15:18 t3wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole But now will I die of thirst and fall into … uncircumcised? 0 This could mean: (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into … uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into … uncircumcised?”
15:18 h9yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom die of thirst 0 This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body.
15:18 u4x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised 0 The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines”
15:19 c7pf split open the hollow place 0 “opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear.
15:19 c776 Lehi 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md)
15:19 rty1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism his strength returned and he revived 0 These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “he became strong again” or “he was revived”
15:19 r7ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names En Hakkore 0 This is the name of a spring of water. The name means “spring of him who prayed.”
15:19 k47v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom it is at Lehi to this day 0 This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase “to this day” refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today”
15:20 ru29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the days of the Philistines 0 This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “during the time the Philistines controlled Israel”
15:20 l52v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers for twenty years 0 “for 20 years”
15:1 k3p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent And it happened 1 The author is using this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event.
15:1 m2q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the days of 1 The author is using the word **days** by association to mean ”time.” Alternate translation: “at the time of”
15:1 r7s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction with a kid of goats 1 Bringing a **kid of goats** was a symbolic action that showed Samson wanted to reconcile with his wife. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “with a young goat as a gift to show he was no longer angry”
15:1 t5u8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom with a kid of goats 1 See how you translated the same expression in [6:19](../06/19.md).
15:1 v9w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism I will go in to my wife, to the chamber 1 Samson is speaking in a polite way about a private or uncomfortable matter. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “I would like to sleep with my bride” or “I would like to make the marriage official by consummating it”
15:1 x3y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship my wife 1 In this culture, engagement was tantamount to marriage, so a man would speak of a woman whom he was engaged to marry as his **wife**, even though they were not yet married. Your language may have its own term or expression for this relationship. Alternate translation: “my fiancée”
15:2 z7a1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication Saying, I said & hating, you hated her 1 The father is repeating the verb **say** and **hate** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “I said to myself ... you truly hated her”
15:2 b4c8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not her younger sister better than she? 1 The father is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Her younger sister is certainly better than she is!”
15:3 d1e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns to them 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the extended family present. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “to his wifes family”
15:3 f9g3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person the Philistines & to them 1 Samson is speaking about the Philistines in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “you Philistines … to you”
15:3 h6j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns when I do harm to them 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **harm**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when I harm them”
15:4 k7l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown foxes 1 A **fox** is a small wild dog. If your readers would not be familiar with what a fox is, in your translation you could use the name of a similar thing that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “coyotes” or “wild dogs”
15:4 m4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and he turned tail to tail, and he put one torch between two of the tails, in the middle 1 The author assumes that the reader will know that Samson tied the foxes tails together in pairs. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he tied the foxes tails together in pairs, and he put one torch between each pair of tails”
15:5 p2q6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and sent {them} 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the foxes with torches tied to their tails. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and sent the foxes with burning torches”
15:6 r9s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the Philistines 1 The author assumes that the reader will know that by **the Philistines**, he means the leaders of the Philistines. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the leaders of the Philistines”
15:6 t7u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And they said 1 Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the context. If it would be more natural in your language, you could translate this with an expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “And they were told”
15:6 v4w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship the son-in-law of the Timnite, because he took his wife 1 Your language may have its own term or expression for this relationship. Alternate translation: “Samson, who was engaged to marry the daughter of the Timnite, because he took her”
15:6 x2y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Timnite 1 The word **Timnite** is the name for a person from the town of Timnah. Alternate translation: “that man from Timnah”
15:6 z9a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo burned her and her father with fire 1 It might seem that the expression **burned … with fire** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “burned her and her father to death” or “killed her and her father by setting them on fire”
15:7 b7c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact If you have done like this, then if I avenge 1 Samson is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, then you could translate this as a confident statement. Alternate translation: “Since you have done such a thing, I am entitled to avenge myself against you”
15:7 d4e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit then afterwards I will stop 1 Samson assumes that the Philistines will understand that he means he will stop fighting once he has avenged himself because he feels that will make them even. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and that will make us even, so I will stop fighting”
15:8 f2g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Then he struck them leg on thigh 1 This is an expression that people of this culture commonly used to mean to kill opponents violently. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “Then he cut them to pieces”
15:8 h9j3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Etam 1 The word **Etam** is the name of a place.
15:9 k7l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lehi 1 The word **Lehi** is the name of a place. It is a shortened form of **Ramath-lehi**. The author explains the origin of this name in [15:17](../15/17.md).
15:11 m4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know that the Philistines are ruling over us? So what is this you have done to us? 1 The men of Judah are using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You must know that the Philistines are ruling over us! What you have done to us is terrible!”
15:12 p2q6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom fall on me 1 This is an expression that people of this culture commonly used to mean to attack and kill. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “kill me”
15:13 r9s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication but binding, we will bind you & but putting to death, we will not put you to death 1 The men of Judah are repeating the verbs **bind** and **put to death** in order to intensify the ideas that they express. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “we will definitely bind you ... we will certainly not put you to death”
15:13 t7u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then they bound him with two new ropes 1 The author assumes that readers will know that the men of Judah used **new ropes** because they were strong and not worn out. The next verse indicates that they used one rope for Samsons hands and another for his arms. Alternate translation: “Then they tied his hands together with one new, strong rope and they tied his arms together with another new, strong rope”
15:14 v4w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Then the Spirit of Yahweh rushed on him 1 See how you translated the same expression in [14:6](../14/06.md).
15:14 x2y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile and the ropes that {were} on his arms became like flax that they burn with fire 1 The point of this comparison is that just as **flax** breaks easily when people **burn** it with **fire**, so the ropes on Samsons arms broke easily. That was because the Spirit of Yahweh made him very strong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he became so strong that he was able to break the ropes that were on his arms as easily as flax breaks when people burn it”
15:14 z9a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo that they burn with fire 1 It might seem that the expression **with fire** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “that they burn”
15:14 b7c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns that they burn 1 Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the context. If it would be more natural in your language, you could translate this with an expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “that people burn”
15:14 d4e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and his bonds melted from on his hands 1 The author is speaking as if these **bonds** literally **melted**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he was able to break the rope that bound his hands so easily that it seemed to melt away”
15:15 f2g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo and he stretched out his hand and took it 1 It might seem that this expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “and he picked it up”
15:16 h9j3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry With the jawbone of a donkey, a heap, two heaps 1 Samson is using words with similar sounds for poetic effect. In Hebrew, the word for **donkey** sounds similar to the word for **heap**. You may be able to reproduce this effect in your language. Alternate translation: “With the jawbone of an ass, a mass, two masses”
15:16 k7l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry a heap, two heaps 1 In order to make an emphatic statement, Samson is naming a number that should be sufficient to illustrate his point and then increasing that number by one. This was a common device in Hebrew poetry. If a speaker of your language would not do this, in your translation you could express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I have killed enough men to make an enormous heap”
15:17 m4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Ramath-lehi 1 **Ramath-lehi** is the name of a place. It is the full name of the place that is called “Lehi” in [15:9](../15/09.md). The ULT has spelled out this name using English letters so that readers will know how it sounds. However, it means “The Throwing of the Jawbone”; the author is explaining how the place got its name. In your translation, you could spell this name the way it sounds in your language but then add an explanation of its meaning. Alternate translation: “Ramath-lehi, which means The Throwing of the Jawbone
15:18 p2q6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns You have given this great salvation by the hand of your servant 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **salvation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “You have enabled your servant to do this great deed to help save your people”
15:18 r9s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person by the hand of your servant 1 Samson is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “by my hand”
15:18 t7u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion and now shall I die of thirst and fall into the hand of the uncircumcised? 1 Samson is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “and now I do not want to die of thirst and fall into the hand of the uncircumcised!”
15:18 v4w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of the uncircumcised 1 Samson is using the word **uncircumcised** by association to mean the Philistines, who did not practice circumcision. Alternate translation: “of the Philistines”
15:19 x2y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and his spirit returned 1 The author is speaking as if Samsons spirit had literally left his body and then **returned**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and his energy returned”
15:19 z9a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo he called its name 1 It might seem that the expression **called its name** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “he named it”
15:19 b7c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate En-hakkore 1 The word **En-hakkore** is the name of a place. It means “The Spring of the Caller.” Samson gave it this name because Yahweh provided this spring when he called out to him. In your translation, you could spell this name the way it sounds in your language but then add an explanation of its meaning. Alternate translation: “En-hakkore, which means The Spring of the Caller
15:19 d4e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to this day 1 The author assumes that the reader will understand that by **day**, he means the time at which he is writing. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “at the present time”
15:20 f2g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the days of the Philistines 1 The author is using the term **days** to refer by association to the time period when the Philistines ruled over Israel. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “during the time when the Philistines ruled over Israel”
16:intro u81n 0 # Judges 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe account of Samson concludes in this chapter.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Samsons mistake\n\nSamson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samsons only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.
16:1 l289 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism he went to bed with her 0 The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her”
16:2 j859 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names The Gazites were told 0 The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza”

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