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@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
1:12 l36d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶשָּׂ֖א לְ⁠בַדִּ֑⁠י טָרְחֲ⁠כֶ֥ם וּ⁠מַֽשַּׂאֲ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here Moses speaks of the people’s problems and complaints that he needed to solve as if they were heavy physical **loads** and **burdens** that he needed to **carry**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will I make a decision by myself for your issues and your concerns”
1:12 xa3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet טָרְחֲ⁠כֶ֥ם וּ⁠מַֽשַּׂאֲ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 The terms **loads** and **burdens** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “your heavy loads”
1:13 q6g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲכָמִ֧ים וּ⁠נְבֹנִ֛ים 1 The terms **wise** and **understanding** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “very wise”
1:13 ue4a waiting rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִ⁠ידֻעִ֖ים 1 Here, **well-known** could mean: (1) “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and reputable” (2) “ knowing.” Alternate translation: “and understanding”
1:13 ue4a waiting rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וִ⁠ידֻעִ֖ים 1 Here, **well-known** could mean: (1) “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and reputable” (2) “ knowing.” Alternate translation: “and understanding”
1:13 eea5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠רָאשֵׁי⁠כֶֽם 1 Here **heads** means “leaders.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as leaders”
1:15 zzio rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רָאשֵׁ֣י & רָאשִׁ֖ים 1 Here, **heads** means “leaders.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the leaders of … as leaders”
1:15 u5jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִֽ⁠ידֻעִ֔ים 1 Here, **well-known** could mean: (1) “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and reputable” (2) “ knowing.” Alternate translation: “and understanding”
1:15 u5jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וִֽ⁠ידֻעִ֔ים 1 Here, **well-known** could mean: (1) “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and reputable” (2) “ knowing.” Alternate translation: “and understanding”
1:15 t5iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers אֲלָפִ֜ים & מֵא֗וֹת & חֲמִשִּׁים֙ & עֲשָׂרֹ֔ת 1 Alternate translation: “groups of 1,000 … groups of 100 … groups of 50 … groups of 10”
1:15 w87y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׂרֵ֨י אֲלָפִ֜ים וְ⁠שָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֗וֹת וְ⁠שָׂרֵ֤י חֲמִשִּׁים֙ וְ⁠שָׂרֵ֣י עֲשָׂרֹ֔ת 1 The implication is that the leaders are in charge of groups of fighting men. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “leaders of thousands of fighting men and leaders of hundreds of fighting men and leaders of fifties of fighting men and leaders of tens of fighting men”
1:15 s3vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠שִׁבְטֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 The implication is that Moses appointed leaders for each of the tribes of Israel. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from each of your tribes”
@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
2:26 gnsw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language.
2:27 bwd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֶעְבְּרָ֣ה & אֵלֵ֑ךְ לֹ֥א אָס֖וּר 1 Moses is speaking on behalf of all the Israelites, so he uses the singular pronouns **me** and **I** here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use plural pronouns.
2:27 cp9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְ⁠אַרְצֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Moses is using the possessive form to describe the **land** that King Sihon rules over. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “the land that you rule over”
2:27 gytl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בַּ⁠דֶּ֖רֶךְ אֵלֵ֑ךְ לֹ֥א אָס֖וּר יָמִ֥ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹֽאול 1 These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second sentence emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences with a word that shows that, in the new sentence, the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “On the road I will go. Indeed, I will not turn right or left”
2:27 gytl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בַּ⁠דֶּ֖רֶךְ אֵלֵ֑ךְ לֹ֥א אָס֖וּר יָמִ֥ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹֽאול 1 These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second sentence emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences with a word that shows that, in the new sentence, the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “On the road I will go; indeed, I will not turn right or left”
2:27 bpdc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בַּ⁠דֶּ֖רֶךְ אֵלֵ֑ךְ 1 By beginning the sentence with **On the road**, Moses is emphasizing that he will only **go** by traveling upon the road and not off of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word order or phrase that clarifies this information. Alternate translation: “I will go on the road only”
2:28 n54c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative אֹ֣כֶל בַּ⁠כֶּ֤סֶף תַּשְׁבִּרֵ֨⁠נִי֙ וְ⁠אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּ⁠מַ֛יִם בַּ⁠כֶּ֥סֶף תִּתֶּן־לִ֖⁠י וְ⁠שָׁתִ֑יתִי 1 Moses is assuring Sihon that the Israelites will not trouble Sihon and his people by stealing from them. Instead, they will pay for everything they need. Moses is communicating a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please sell me food for money, and I will eat. And please give to me water for money, and I will drink.”
2:28 brfk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֹ֣כֶל בַּ⁠כֶּ֤סֶף תַּשְׁבִּרֵ֨⁠נִי֙ וְ⁠אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּ⁠מַ֛יִם בַּ⁠כֶּ֥סֶף תִּתֶּן־לִ֖⁠י וְ⁠שָׁתִ֑יתִי 1 This verse contains expressions with extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “You will sell me food and water”
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
3:28 lo1o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns וְ⁠הוּא֙ יַנְחִ֣יל אוֹתָ֔⁠ם 1 Yahweh uses the word **himself** to emphasize how significant it was that Joshua will enable the Israelite people to conquer the land instead of Moses. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “and it is he who will cause them to inherit”
3:28 tsxo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה 1 The implication is that from the top of Mount Pisgah Moses **will see the land** that Joshua will lead the Israelites to conquer. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the land that you will see from the top of Mount Pisgah”
3:29 dut2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּ֥ית פְּעֽוֹר 1 The term **Beth Peor** is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah.
4:intro d8g8 0 # Deuteronomy 4 General Notes\n\n## Chapter Outline\n- vv. 1-40: Moses encourages the Israelites to obey Yahweh\n- vv. 41-43: Moses appoints cities of refuge\n- vv. 44-49: Summary of Moses’ first speech\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Moses’ instructions\nGod will not allow Moses to enter into the Promised Land. Since the Israelites are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### Cities of Refuge\n\nVerses 41-43 discuss cities of refuge, which are towns to which a manslayer could flee. In this case, a manslayer is anyone who accidentally kills another person. In those times, a close family member of the deceased would be obligated to take revenge for the killing of his family member by finding and killing the manslayer. Yahweh provides protection for the manslayer so that they will not be punished too harshly. \n(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n### Likeness\nVerses 15-31 warn the Israelites against creating idols. The other people groups in the land worshiped entities in nature such as the sun, moon, stars, trees, and so on. They created idols that looked like (in the likeness of) these entities. Yahweh forbids the Israelites from making likenesses of anything for the purpose of worshiping it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/likeness]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nMoses uses several rhetorical questions in verses 7-8, and 33-34. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Words for the law\n- statutes\n- ordinances\n- judgments\nMoses uses several words to refer to the law that Yahweh commanded the Israelites to obey. It is unclear what the differences are between these terms. If your language has different terms for the law, you could use them here to differentiate between the different Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])\n\n### “You”\n\r\n\n- vv. 1-22: “You” and “your” are both singular and plural; see notes for details.\r\n- vv. 23-40: “you” and “your” are singular.\n\nMoses is speaking to the Israelites who are alive, but he refers to events that happened to their ancestors. The pronouns “you” or “your” are plural here unless otherwise noted. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could explicitly state that these events happened to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])\n
4:intro d8g8 0 # Deuteronomy 4 General Notes\n\n## Chapter Outline\n- vv. 1-40: Moses encourages the Israelites to obey Yahweh\n- vv. 41-43: Moses appoints cities of refuge\n- vv. 44-49: Summary of Moses’ first speech\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Moses’ instructions\nGod will not allow Moses to enter into the Promised Land. Since the Israelites are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### Cities of Refuge\n\nVerses 41-43 discuss cities of refuge, which are towns to which a manslayer could flee. In this case, a manslayer is anyone who accidentally kills another person. In those times, a close family member of the deceased would be obligated to take revenge for the killing of his family member by finding and killing the manslayer. Yahweh provides protection for the manslayer so that they will not be punished too harshly. \n(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n### Likeness\nVerses 15-31 warn the Israelites against creating idols. The other people groups in the land worshiped entities in nature such as the sun, moon, stars, trees, and so on. They created idols that looked like (in the likeness of) these entities. Yahweh forbids the Israelites from making likenesses of anything for the purpose of worshiping it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/likeness]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nMoses uses several rhetorical questions in verses 7-8, and 33-34. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Words for the law\n- statutes\n- ordinances\n- judgments\nMoses uses several words to refer to the law that Yahweh commanded the Israelites to obey. It is unclear what the differences are between these terms. If your language has different terms for the law, you could use them here to differentiate between the different Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])\n\n### “You”\n\n\n- vv. 1-22: “You” and “your” are both singular and plural; see notes for details.\n- vv. 23-40: “you” and “your” are singular.\n\nMoses is speaking to the Israelites who are alive, but he refers to events that happened to their ancestors. The pronouns “you” or “your” are plural here unless otherwise noted. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could explicitly state that these events happened to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])\n
4:1 m1n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 Here, **Israel** represents the people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people of Israel”
4:1 hfw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אֶל־הַֽ⁠חֻקִּים֙ וְ⁠אֶל־הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים 1 The terms **statutes** and **ordinances** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “to the important statutes”
4:1 zdp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֣עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks what comes after as the goal or purpose of what comes before. Moses wants the Israelites to live in the land. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
5:11 in6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative **leave unpunished**. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will certainly treat as guilty”
5:13 p3yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְלַאכְתֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 The implication is that the Israelites do **work** for six days, including any responsibilities, jobs, or duties that are required in daily life. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “your labor” or “your tasks”
5:14 cx31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְ⁠י֨וֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֔י 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “but day seven” or “but day 7”
5:14 po5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “is within your community”
5:14 po5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בִּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “is within your community”
5:15 ls4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּ⁠יָ֥ד חֲזָקָ֖ה וּ⁠בִ⁠זְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑ה 1 The terms **mighty hand** and **outstretched arm** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “and by very great power”
5:15 n9t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יָ֥ד חֲזָקָ֖ה 1 Here the word **hand** represents God’s power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by a mighty power”
5:15 knso rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בִ⁠זְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑ה 1 Here, **arm** refers to Yahweh’s power. Moses speaks of stretching out an **arm** as if it were a demonstration of supernatural power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by great deeds”
@ -668,7 +668,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
5:18 lke6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹ֖א תִּנְאָֽף 1 Alternate translation: “And do not have sexual relations with anyone other than your spouse”
5:20 vp3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְ⁠רֵֽעֲ⁠ךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁוְא 1 The implication is that the **testimony** would be given in court or before a judge. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And do not lie as you testify”
5:20 p6zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְ⁠רֵֽעֲ⁠ךָ֖ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow Israelite.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “against your fellow Israelite”
5:21 msw3 waiting rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְ⁠לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד & וְ⁠לֹ֨א תִתְאַוֶּ֜ה 1 Here, **desire** and **covet** mean “strongly desire what someone else has.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not strongly want to have … and do not want to take”
5:21 a80l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵעֶ֑⁠ךָ & רֵעֶ֗⁠ךָ & לְ⁠רֵעֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow Israelite.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your fellow Israelite … your fellow Israelite … is of your fellow Israelite”
5:21 sqc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠כֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְ⁠רֵעֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here, Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **anything** that is a material possession that belongs to **your neighbor**. If it would be helpful for your readers, use an expression for the possessions that someone else owns. Alternate translation: “and any possession that belongs to your neighbor”
5:22 c5s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ק֥וֹל גָּד֖וֹל 1 The implication is that the voice of Yahweh was very loud. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “loudly”
@ -912,12 +911,13 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
7:26 b8dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet שַׁקֵּ֧ץ ׀ תְּשַׁקְּצֶ֛⁠נּוּ וְ⁠תַעֵ֥ב ׀ תְּֽתַעֲבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 The terms **detest** and **abhor** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “You shall completely and utterly detest it”
7:26 eeub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication שַׁקֵּ֧ץ ׀ תְּשַׁקְּצֶ֛⁠נּוּ וְ⁠תַעֵ֥ב ׀ תְּֽתַעֲבֶ֖⁠נּוּ 1 The phrases **Detesting, you shall detest it** and **abhorring, you shall abhor it** translate verbs that are repeated for emphasis. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
7:26 xs75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “since”
8:intro w4zj 0 # Deuteronomy 8 General Notes\n\n\n## Outline\n- vv. 1-10: Moses reminds the Israelites of Yahweh’s provision for them in the desert\n- vv. 11-20: Moses warns the Israelites to remember Yahweh\n\n\n## Structure\n\n\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Forgetting\n\n\nMoses reminds the living Israelites about all the miracles that Yahweh did for them to bring them out of Egypt and survive in the wilderness. In the wilderness, the Israelites complained and grumbled. It was easy for them to forget what Yahweh did for them and disobey Yahweh. As a result, Yahweh punished that generation by causing them to die in the wilderness without entering the land. The living Israelites are the children of that generation. Moses is warning them not to make the same mistakes as their parents did. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/Israel]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Issues in this Chapter\n\n### “You”\n\nEven though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, you and your are singular in this chapter unless otherwise noted. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
8:1 v0kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys תִּשְׁמְר֣וּ⁠ן לַ⁠עֲשׂ֑וֹת 1 The two words **keep** and **doing** express a single idea. The word **keep** describes the act of doing. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “You shall faithfully do”
8:intro w4zj 0 # Deuteronomy 8 General Notes\n\n\n## Outline\n- vv. 1-10: Moses reminds the Israelites of Yahweh’s provision for them in the desert\n- vv. 11-20: Moses warns the Israelites to remember Yahweh\n\n\n## Structure\n\n\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Forgetting\n\n\nMoses reminds the living Israelites about all the miracles that Yahweh did for them to bring them out of Egypt and survive in the wilderness. In the wilderness, the Israelites complained and grumbled. It was easy for them to forget what Yahweh did for them and disobey Yahweh. As a result, Yahweh punished that generation by causing them to die in the wilderness without entering the land. The living Israelites are the children of that generation. Moses is warning them not to make the same mistakes as their parents did. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/Israel]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Issues in this Chapter\n\n### “You”\n\nWhen Moses is addressing the Israelites, he uses both the singular and plural forms of “You.”\n\n- vv. 1: See notes.\n- vv. 2-19: “You” and “your” are singular.\n- vv. 20: “you” and “your” are plural.\n\n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
8:1 uosi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd מְצַוְּ⁠ךָ֛ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** is singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
8:1 rbf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תִּשְׁמְר֣וּ⁠ן 1 See the [book introduction](../front/intro.md) for more infromation about translating **shall**. Alternate translation: “Keep”
8:1 s002 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְמַ֨עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks what follows as the goal or purpose of what comes before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
8:1 rje7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּֽחְי֜וּ⁠ן וּ⁠רְבִיתֶ֗ם 1 The implication is that the Israelites will continue to **live** in the land and **multiply** their population with many births if they obey Yahweh. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you may dwell in the land for a long time and multiply your population”
8:1 s775 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לַ⁠אֲבֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. The fact that Yahweh will give the land to the living Israelites is implied by what Moses said earlier in this speech. You could supply these words from earlier in the passage if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh swore to your fathers that he would give to you”
8:2 xeqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd וְ⁠זָכַרְתָּ֣ & הֹלִֽיכֲ⁠ךָ֜ & אֱלֹהֶ֛י⁠ךָ & עַנֹּֽתְ⁠ךָ֜ לְ⁠נַסֹּֽתְ⁠ךָ֗ & בִּֽ⁠לְבָבְ⁠ךָ֛ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular from this verse to [verse 19](../08/19.md). If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
8:2 z13w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּל־הַ⁠דֶּ֗רֶךְ 1 Here, **all the way** represents everything that the Israelites saw, heard, and experienced during the time they were in the wilderness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everything that happened on the journey”
8:2 mfgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְמַ֨עַן & לְ⁠נַסֹּֽתְ⁠ךָ֗ לָ⁠דַ֜עַת 1 Here, the words **so that** and **to** mark what follows as the goal or purpose of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
8:2 ifes rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֲשֶׁ֧ר בִּֽ⁠לְבָבְ⁠ךָ֛ 1 Here, **heart** refers to a person’s inner being and will. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what you truly wanted”
@ -975,7 +975,8 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
8:20 a8kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 Here, the word **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
8:20 l9hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א תִשְׁמְע֔וּ⁠ן בְּ⁠ק֖וֹל 1 Here the word **listen** means to listen and obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you would not obey the voice of”
8:20 l83x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠ק֖וֹל 1 Here, **voice** represents the words that Yahweh spoke, which include his commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the words of”
9:intro id6j 0 # Deuteronomy 9 General Notes\n\n## General Outline\n- vv. 1-6: Moses reminds the Israelites that Yahweh did not choose them because they were righteous\n- vv. 7-29: Moses recounts the Israelites’ sin when they worshiped the golden calf\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s victory\nThis chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh’s. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh’s punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Israel’s sin\nYahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too.
9:intro id6j 0 # Deuteronomy 9 General Notes\n\n## General Outline\n- vv. 1-6: Moses reminds the Israelites that Yahweh did not choose them because they were righteous\n- vv. 7-29: Moses recounts the Israelites’ sin when they worshiped the golden calf\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s victory\nThis chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh’s. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh’s punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Israel’s sin\nYahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### “You”\n\nWhen Moses is addressing the Israelites, he uses both the singular and plural forms of “you.”\n\n- vv. 1-6: “You” and “your” are singular.\n- vv. 7: See note.\n- vv. 8-9: “You” and “your” are plural.\n- vv. 16-25: “You” and “your” are plural.\n\n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
9:1 fvrk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd שְׁמַ֣ע & אַתָּ֨ה & מִמֶּ֑⁠ךָּ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, commands and the words **you** and **your** are singular from this verse to [verse 6](../09/06.md). If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
9:1 wy46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 Here, **Israel** represents the people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Israelites”
9:1 zw1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וּ⁠בְצֻרֹ֖ת בַּ⁠שָּׁמָֽיִם 1 Moses says **fortified to the heavens** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. See how you translated this phrase in [1:28](../01/28.md). Alternate translation: “and extremely well-fortified”
9:2 s1te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the offspring of”
@ -1013,6 +1014,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
9:6 ctjb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְ⁠צִדְקָֽתְ⁠ךָ֙ 1 Here **in** means “because of.” You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “because of your righteousness”
9:6 zgiw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְ⁠צִדְקָֽתְ⁠ךָ֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in your good deeds”
9:6 m7os rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף 1 Here, **stiff of neck** is an idiom that means “stubborn” and “rebellious.” The image comes from an animal that does not want to go the way his master is trying to direct him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are a hard-hearted people” or “are a rebellious people”
9:7 drtg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd זְכֹר֙ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֔ח & הִקְצַ֛פְתָּ & אֱלֹהֶ֖י⁠ךָ & יָצָ֣אתָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, the command **Remember**, **you** and **your** are singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
9:7 rx7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet זְכֹר֙ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֔ח 1 The words **remember** and **you shall not forget** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Remember, indeed, you shall not forget”
9:7 ldb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you בֹּֽאֲ⁠כֶם֙ & הֱיִיתֶ֖ם 1 The pronoun **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
9:7 kd2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מָּק֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 Here, **this place** refers to the Jordan River valley, where the Israelites are camping. This is where Moses is speaking to the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “this valley”
@ -1695,22 +1697,30 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
15:22 lxt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּ⁠צְּבִ֖י 1 See how you translated this in [12:15](../12/15.md).
15:23 xsv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast רַ֥ק 1 Moses uses the word **Only** here to indicate a strong contrast between which parts of the animals that the Israelites could and could not eat. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Except”
15:23 bw7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־דָּמ֖⁠וֹ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑ל עַל־הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ תִּשְׁפְּכֶ֖⁠נּוּ כַּ⁠מָּֽיִם 1 See how you translated this in [12:16](../12/16.md).
16:intro fgs7 0 # Deuteronomy 16 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Festivals\n\nThis chapter retells the specific commands about how to celebrate the Passover. This recalled the Passover in Egypt, which was an important event in the formation of the nation of Israel. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])\n\n### Life in Israel\n\nAs Yahweh’s chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. Also, Yahweh must be the only God in Israel. He alone is to be worshiped. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
16:1 v2as 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
16:1 q8mq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths month of Aviv 0 This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:1 l33g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit keep the Passover 0 It is implied by “keep the Passover” that they would celebrate and eat the Passover meal. Alternate translation: “celebrate the Passover meal” or “eat the Passover meal”
16:2 f3xc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will sacrifice the Passover 0 Here “Passover” represents the animal that is sacrificed for the Passover celebration. Alternate translation: For the Passover you will offer a sacrifice”
16:3 fgj8 with it 0 Here “it” refers to the animal they will sacrifice and eat.
16:3 du99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seven days 0 Alternate translation: “7 days”
16:3 m6rj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the bread of affliction 0 This was the name of the unleavened bread. The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “this bread will remind you of how much you suffered while in Egypt”
16:3 df5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit out of the land of Egypt in haste 0 The people had to leave Egypt so quickly that they did not have enough time to make bread with yeast in it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “out of the land of Egypt in such hurry you did not have time to make bread with yeast in it”
16:3 zi9r Do this all the days of your life 0 Alternate translation: “Do this as long as you live”
16:3 k8n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember”
16:4 jvu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive No yeast must be seen among you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not have any yeast among you”
16:4 t1u8 within all your borders 0 Alternate translation: “inside all your territory” or “in all your land”
16:4 uc3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal first day 0 This “first” is the ordinal number for one.
16:5 s93m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You may not sacrifice the Passover 0 Here “Passover” represents the animal that will be sacrificed. Alternate translation: “For the Passover you may not sacrifice the animal”
16:5 x2av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within any of your city gates 0 Here “gates” represents the cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within any of your towns”
16:intro fgs7 0 # Deuteronomy 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n### Outline\n- vv. 1-8: Instructions for the Festival of the Passover\n- vv. 9-12: Instructions for the Festival of the Harvest\n- vv. 13-17: Instructions for the Feast of Huts\n- vv. 18-22: Adminstration of Justice\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Feasts\n\nThis chapter gives instructions for the feasts that Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate. The Passover feast represents the time when the Israelites escaped from Egypt. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])\n\n## Other Potential Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### “You”
16:1 byqt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׁמוֹר֙ 1 The implication is that the Israelites must keep “the month of Aviv” by celebrating the Festival of the Passover during that month. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Celebrate”
16:1 q8mq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths אֶת־חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠אָבִ֔יב 1 **Aviv** is the first month of the Hebrew calendar and inhcludes parts of March and April on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar, and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar.
16:1 jne3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּ֞י בְּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽ⁠אָבִ֗יב הוֹצִ֨יאֲ⁠ךָ֜ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛י⁠ךָ מִ⁠מִּצְרַ֖יִם לָֽיְלָה 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 12](Exo/12/01.md), when Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate because he was about to bring the Israelites out of Egypt. The Israelites left in a hurry at **night**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “for in the month of Aviv, Yahweh your God commanded you to celebrate the Passover because he brought you out from Egypt at night”
16:1 kjsh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הוֹצִ֨יאֲ⁠ךָ֜ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “took” instead of **brought**. Alternate translation: “took you out”
16:2 j8oz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠זָבַ֥חְתָּ 1 For more information about translating “shall,” see the [book introduction](../front/intro.md).
16:2 f3xc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פֶּ֛סַח 1 Here, **Passover* represents the animal that the Israelites sacrificed for the Festival of the Passover. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the animal for the Passover”
16:2 tvqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַ⁠יהוָ֥ה 1 The implication is that the Passover sacrifice was for honoring **Yahweh**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “for the honor of Yahweh”
16:2 nb19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy צֹ֣אן וּ⁠בָקָ֑ר 1 Here, **the flock and the herd** represent the animals sacrificed for the Festival of the Passover. Yahweh commanded each Israelite family to sacrifice a male lamb or goat without blemish during the sacrifice in [Numbers 9](Num/09/01.md) and [Exodus 12](Exo/12/01.md). You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “one male from the flock or the herd from each of your families”
16:2 ccpa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בַּ⁠מָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה לְ⁠שַׁכֵּ֥ן שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ שָֽׁם 1 The expression **the place that Yaweh will chose for his name to dwell there** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “in the place that Yahweh will set his name”
16:2 t12w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ 1 Here, **name** represents Yahweh’s presence and blessings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his presence”
16:3 fgj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָלָי⁠ו֙ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the animal for the Passover sacrifice. If this is not clear for your readers, you could state the noun again. Alternate translation: “with the sacrifice”
16:3 jpxw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָלָ֥י⁠ו 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the Feast of Unleavened Bread, which is the part of the Festival of the Passover that follows the Passover sacrifice. If this is not clear for your readers, you could state the name of the feast. Alternate translation: “during the Feast of Unleavened Bread”
16:3 i2cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish עָלָ֥י⁠ו מַצּ֖וֹת לֶ֣חֶם עֹ֑נִי 1 Here, **bread of affliction** refers to **unleavened bread**. It does not refer to another type of bread that the Israelites should eat. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “unleavened bread, which is the bread of affliction, on it”
16:3 gfq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “this is because”
16:3 dd9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go יָצָ֨אתָ֙ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “you went out”
16:3 df5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְ⁠חִפָּז֗וֹן יָצָ֨אתָ֙ מֵ⁠אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם 1 The implication is that the people had to leave Egypt so quickly that they did not have enough time to make bread with yeast in it, because bread with yeast takes time to rise. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you could not wait for bread with yeast because you had to escape Egypt so fast”
16:3 zi9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיֶּֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, **days** is an idiom that refers to a duration of time. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as long as you live”
16:4 jvu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠לֹֽא־יֵרָאֶ֨ה לְ⁠ךָ֥ שְׂאֹ֛ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And get rid of all the yeast among you”
16:4 bmyz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֵרָאֶ֨ה 1 Here, **seen** means “owned” or “possessed.” Moses is speaking of being **seen** with something as if it were owning it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “shall be present”
16:4 mbhd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹא־יָלִ֣ין מִן־הַ⁠בָּשָׂ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּזְבַּ֥ח בָּ⁠עֶ֛רֶב בַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הָ⁠רִאשׁ֖וֹן לַ⁠בֹּֽקֶר 1 The implication is that the Israelites must eat all the meat from the Passover sacrifice in the same evening that they sacrifice it. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and you must eat all of the meat that you sacrifice in the evening on the first day before the morning”
16:4 uc3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הָ⁠רִאשׁ֖וֹן 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “day one”
16:5 s93m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־הַ⁠פָּ֑סַח 1 Here, **Passover* represents the animal that the Israelites sacrificed for the Festival of the Passover. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the animal for the Passover”
16:5 x2av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠אַחַ֣ד שְׁעָרֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the borders of the towns in the land of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “within any of the land”
16:6 u7ep at the going down of the sun 0 Alternate translation: “at sunset”
16:7 f6n3 You must roast it 0 Alternate translation: “You must cook it”
16:8 pjy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers six days 0 Alternate translation: “6 days”

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