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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
JDG front intro v8pn 0 # Introduction to Judges<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Judges<br><br>1. History of the judges of Israel (1:1–16:31)<br> * Introduction (1:1-3:6)<br> * Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (3:7–31)<br> * Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31)<br> * Gideon (6:1–8:35)<br> * Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (9:1–10:5)<br> * Jephthah (10:6-12:7)<br> * Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8-15)<br> * Samson (13:1–16:31)<br>1. The account of Micah and his idols (17:1–18:31)<br>1. The account of Gibeah; the other Israelites take revenge (19:1–21:25)<br><br>### What is the Book of Judges about?<br><br>The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over a period of about 150 years.<br><br>This book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the peoples who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a “judge.” The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died.<br><br>After that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title “Judges” because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use the title “Judges” or a title such as “The Book about the Leaders in Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What kind of leaders were the judges?<br><br>These were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. After defeating their enemies, these leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of these leaders may have served only certain tribes.<br><br>### What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges?<br><br>During this time, the twelve tribes of Israel were independent of one another. They were not a unified nation with one ruler. The tribes would sometimes help each other when enemies were threatening them.<br><br>These tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh.<br><br>### What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges?<br><br>During this time, Israel struggled to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the meaning of the phrase “in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes”?<br><br>This phrase occurs twice in the book of Judges. Shorter versions of the phrase occur two other times. These phrases imply that the writer or editor of this book was alive at a later time when there was a king in Israel. They also seem to imply that the writer thought that things were not good in Israel because there was no king.<br><br>The translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the book’s writer is looking back into the past.<br><br>### What is the meaning of the phrase “to this day”?<br><br>The narrator used this phrase to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. The translator must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation’s readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:21, 26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12.
JDG 1 intro a4am 0 # Judges 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### “After the death of Joshua”<br>This statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land<br><br>Israel fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against God’s instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land.
JDG 1 1 r9ee 0 Connecting Statement: The book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story.
JDG 1 1 b9my 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JDG 1 1 c92j figs-exclusive 0 will attack the Canaanites for us The word “us” refers to the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JDG 1 2 c4zw figs-synecdoche 0 Judah will attack Here “Judah” represents the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. Alternate translation: “The men of Judah must attack first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 1 2 i2v6 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JDG 1 2 ysi6 figs-explicit 0 this land This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. Alternate translation: “the land of the Canaanites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 1 3 k7aq 0 their brothers Alternate translation: “their fellow Israelites” or “their relatives”
JDG 1 3 x2kz 0 Come up with us The people of the tribes of Judah and Simeon were camped with the rest of the Israelite people in the valley of the Jordan River. The land given to Judah was in the hills above the valley. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. Alternate translation: “Come with us” or “Go with us”
JDG 1 3 p8mq figs-activepassive 0 that was assigned to us … that was assigned to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh assigned to us … that Yahweh assigned to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 1 3 yz2b 0 We will likewise go with you Alternate translation: “We will also go with you” or “In the same way, we will go with you”
JDG 1 4 ku4h figs-explicit 0 The men of Judah attacked It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 1 4 n19d translate-numbers 0 They killed ten thousand “They killed about 10,000” or “They killed a large number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 1 4 vmc4 0 of them Alternate translation: “soldiers of the Canaanites and Perizzites” or “enemies”
JDG 1 4 c9xq translate-names 0 Bezek This is an area in the mountains of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 5 w88l translate-names 0 Adoni-Bezek This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 5 i3pn figs-synecdoche 0 they fought against him Here “him” actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. Alternate translation: “they fought against him and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 1 6 vz6p 0 pursued him Alternate translation: “chased him”
JDG 1 7 es2p translate-numbers 0 Seventy kings “70 kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 1 7 t5fd figs-activepassive 0 who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off” or “whose thumbs and big toes we cut off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 1 7 p5cw figs-metonymy 0 gathered their food from under my table Forcing these kings to eat scraps of food represents all the ways that Adoni-Bezek humiliated these kings. Here “gathering” food represents eating it. Alternate translation: “ate scraps of food from under my table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 8 hh58 figs-metonymy 0 the city of Jerusalem and took it Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in Jerusalem and defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 8 ca78 figs-metonymy 0 They attacked it Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people of the city. Alternate translation: “They attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 8 k6ze figs-synecdoche 0 with the edge of the sword “with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 1 9 cs3t 0 the men of Judah went down to fight It was common to use the word “down” when it refers to traveling from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the men of Judah went to fight”
JDG 1 9 q3x9 0 in the Negev Alternate translation: “in the southern Judean wilderness”
JDG 1 9 x4ew 0 foothills hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
JDG 1 10 ax37 writing-background 0 the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 1 10 edk7 translate-names 0 Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. Each leader represents his army. Alternate translation: “Sheshai, Ahiman, Talmai, and their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 11 lh59 writing-background 0 the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called Kiriath Sepher. Alternate translation: “which used to be called Kiriath Sepher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 1 11 fn5g 0 was previously Alternate translation: “was in times past” or “was at an earlier time”
JDG 1 12 e7kf figs-metonymy 0 Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it Here “Kiriath Sepher” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Whoever attacks and defeats the people of Kiriath Sepher and takes their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 12 n39v translate-names 0 Aksah This is the name of Caleb’s daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 13 xa4b translate-names 0 Othniel, son of Kenaz These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 14 u3cc 0 she urged him Alternate translation: “Aksah urged Othniel”
JDG 1 15 m3cg 0 Give me a blessing Alternate translation: “Do a favor for me” or “Do this for me”
JDG 1 15 rz4u figs-explicit 0 Since you have given me the land of the Negev Caleb gave Aksah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 1 15 n8di figs-explicit 0 Since you have given me the land This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it (verse 14). She is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 1 16 x6ei 0 of Moses’ father-in-law Alternate translation: “of the father of Moses’ wife”
JDG 1 16 fqe9 0 father-in-law the Kenite went up Alternate translation: “father-in-law, who was one of the Ken people, went up”
JDG 1 16 n6kh 0 went up from the City of Palms … into the wilderness Alternate translation: “left the City of Palms … and went into the wilderness”
JDG 1 16 a29w figs-explicit 0 City of Palms This is another name for the city of Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 1 16 u7t8 translate-names 0 Arad This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 17 e48a 0 the men of Simeon their brothers Here “brothers” means relatives who were in another tribe of Israel.
JDG 1 17 nd84 translate-names 0 Zephath This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 17 iy2d figs-explicit 0 The name of the city was called Hormah After the Israelites destroyed Zephath, they changed its name to “Hormah.” The name “Hormah” means “complete destruction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 19 vtq2 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh was with the people of Judah Here “was with” means that Yahweh helped the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 1 19 g27v 0 plains a very large area of level, treeless ground
JDG 1 20 ys79 figs-activepassive 0 Hebron was given to Caleb (like Moses had said) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses had given Hebron to Caleb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 1 20 eml1 figs-synecdoche 0 three sons of Anak The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. Alternate translation: “three sons of Anak and their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 1 20 tyj7 translate-names 0 Anak This is the name of a man. Anak and his descendants were famous for being very tall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 21 l6aj 0 to this day “until now.” This refers to the time the book of Judges was written.
JDG 1 22 da33 figs-metonymy 0 The house of Joseph Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “The men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 22 pc1n figs-metonymy 0 to attack Bethel Here “Bethel” represents the people who live in Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 23 ffy3 0 spy to get information secretly
JDG 1 23 vx3f writing-background 0 the city that was formerly called Luz This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Luz but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 24 qdm8 0 spies people who get information secretly
JDG 1 25 dj1j figs-metonymy 0 they attacked the city Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 25 ncm9 figs-synecdoche 0 with the edge of the sword “with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 1 25 uw87 figs-idiom 0 get away This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 1 26 i4r5 0 Luz This new town started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz, near Bethel, that the man had left.
JDG 1 26 ym4e 0 which is its name to this day “which is still its name.” Here “to this day” refers to the time when the book of Judges was written.
JDG 1 27 va98 translate-names 0 Beth Shan … Taanach … Dor … Ibleam … Megiddo These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 27 grh4 0 because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land To “determine” is to firmly decide something. Alternate translation: “because the Canaanites firmly decided not to leave that land”
JDG 1 28 m64k figs-metonymy 0 When Israel became strong Here “Israel” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When the people of Israel became stronger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 28 h7tu 0 they forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor Alternate translation: “they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them”
JDG 1 29 ek8n figs-metonymy 0 Ephraim did not Here “Ephraim” the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 29 u8mq translate-names 0 Gezer The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 30 z9je figs-metonymy 0 Zebulun did not drive out Here “Zebulun” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 30 p5am translate-names 0 Kitron … Nahalol These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 30 l8tv figs-metonymy 0 but Zebulun forced Here “Zebulun” represents the people of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 30 cp5q 0 hard labor Alternate translation: “difficult labor”
JDG 1 31 e29r figs-metonymy 0 Asher did not drive Here “Asher” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Asher. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 31 b612 translate-names 0 Akko … Sidon … Ahlab, Akzib, Helbah, Aphek … Rehob These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 33 d9v1 translate-names 0 Beth Shemesh … Beth Anath These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 33 pck2 figs-activepassive 0 the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced into hard labor for Naphthali If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Naphtali forced the people of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath to work for them as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 1 34 w8it 0 not allowing them to come down Alternate translation: “stopping them from coming down”
JDG 1 34 ijt5 0 plain a very large area of flat land without trees
JDG 1 35 qwt2 translate-names 0 Mount Heres This is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 35 cw8t translate-names 0 Aijalon … Shaalbim These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 35 x276 0 the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them Alternate translation: “the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army”
JDG 1 35 uvw1 figs-metonymy 0 house of Joseph Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “the men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 36 g7nx translate-names 0 the hill of Akrabbim This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the “Scorpion Pass.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 36 qr2w translate-names 0 Sela This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 intro mf6a 0 # Judges 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh tests Israel<br><br>Yahweh said, “Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant.” Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])
JDG 2 1 tt9y 0 angel of Yahweh This could mean: (1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or (2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or (3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking.
JDG 2 1 q2ka 0 went up from Gilgal to Bokim Alternate translation: “left Gilgal and went to Bokim”
JDG 2 1 x66i translate-names 0 Bokim This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. “Bokim” means “crying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 1 te37 figs-ellipsis 0 and said It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and said to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 2 1 im2i 0 brought you up from Egypt Alternate translation: “led you from Egypt”
JDG 2 1 ha9u 0 your fathers Alternate translation: “your ancestors” or “your forefathers”
JDG 2 1 p92u figs-idiom 0 break my covenant with you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fail to do what I said I would do for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 2 2 syq4 figs-metonymy 0 you have not listened to my voice Here “voice” represents what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 2 w8ys figs-rquestion 0 What is this that you have done? This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 2 3 kdq3 figs-quotesinquotes 0 So now I say, ‘I will not … trap for you.’ This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “So now I tell you that I will not … trap for you.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG 2 3 plg4 figs-metaphor 0 become thorns in your sides The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “cause you trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 3 y4wm 0 thorns sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants
JDG 2 3 b6w1 figs-metaphor 0 their gods will become a trap for you The Israelites worshiping the Canaanite gods is spoken of as if the false gods were a hunter’s trap that catches an animal and causes it harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 4 f5v2 0 shouted and wept Alternate translation: “cried many tears”
JDG 2 6 p53v 0 Now when Joshua Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator begins a summary that explains how the generations of Israelites after Joshua sinned and worshiped false gods so that Yahweh punished them, but then he would send judges to rescue them. This summary ends in 2:23.
JDG 2 6 u1xb writing-background 0 when Joshua … of their land The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. This is recounting events that happened at the end of the book of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 2 6 i12e figs-explicit 0 to the place assigned You may want to help your readers by stating who assigned this place to them. Alternate translation: “to the place Yahweh gave them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 2 7 kcc2 writing-background 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 2 7 ydz9 0 during the lifetime This means the time that someone lived. Alternate translation: “during the life”
JDG 2 7 g5ah 0 the elders Here this means the men who helped lead Israel, participating in matters of social justice and in religious matters such as maintaining the law of Moses.
JDG 2 7 qml9 0 outlived him This means to live longer than someone else. Alternate translation: “lived longer than he did”
JDG 2 8 ii19 writing-background 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 2 8 m4jx writing-background 0 Joshua son of Nun … died at the age of 110 years old The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 ends. The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 2 8 k12w translate-names 0 Nun This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 8 xfn6 translate-numbers 0 110 years old “one hundred and ten years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 2 9 ne2z figs-activepassive 0 he was assigned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God gave him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 2 9 yk2s translate-names 0 Timnath Heres This is the name of an area of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 9 f8u2 translate-names 0 Mount Gaash This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 10 umh1 figs-euphemism 0 All that generation was also gathered to their fathers The phrase “was also gathered to their fathers” means that as the people of that generation died, their souls went to the same place as their ancestors who died before them. It is a polite way of saying they died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 2 10 r6cs 0 fathers Here this means the ancestors of a certain person or people group.
JDG 2 10 flq1 0 grew up Alternate translation: “grew older” or “became older”
JDG 2 10 qd7f 0 who did not know Yahweh Here “did not know” means they had not experienced Yahweh or his power the way the previous generation had.
JDG 2 11 yhh4 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 11 gx61 translate-names 0 Baals This is the plural of Baal. While “Baal” was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods that were often worshiped along with Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 12 tp3f figs-metaphor 0 They broke away from Yahweh The Israelites no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically broke away from him and left him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 12 re2c 0 their fathers Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
JDG 2 12 n4xl figs-metaphor 0 They went after other gods The Israelites starting to worship false gods is spoken of as if the Israelites walked and went after the false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 12 w9r2 translate-symaction 0 bowed down to them This is an act of worship and giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 2 12 j3xw 0 They provoked Yahweh to anger Alternate translation: “They caused Yahweh to become angry”
JDG 2 13 ddu6 translate-names 0 Ashtoreths This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 14 r6xm figs-metaphor 0 The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 14 bjf9 0 he gave them to the raiders who stole their possessions from them Alternate translation: “he let raiders steal their possessions”
JDG 2 14 v1ki figs-metaphor 0 He sold them as slaves who were held by the strength of their enemies around them, so they could no longer defend themselves against their enemies Yahweh allowing the enemies to take the Israelites as slaves is spoken of as if he sold them into slavery. The phrase “who were held by” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He allowed their enemies to conquer them and take them as slaves, and they could no longer resist their powerful enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 2 15 b13p figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s hand was against them to defeat them Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped their enemies defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 15 n59g 0 they were in terrible distress Alternate translation: “they were suffering terribly”
JDG 2 16 t2b3 figs-metaphor 0 Then Yahweh raised up judges Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he were raising or lifting the persons up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 16 myh2 figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of those Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 17 p49i 0 they would not listen to their judges Alternate translation: “they would not obey their judges”
JDG 2 17 dv8s figs-simile 0 gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them The people betraying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the people were prostitutes. Alternate translation: “betrayed him by worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 2 17 wwn4 0 their fathers Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
JDG 2 18 eau5 figs-metaphor 0 When Yahweh raised up judges Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 18 hz8j 0 judges for them … rescued them The word “them” refers to the Israelites.
JDG 2 18 ql9k figs-metonymy 0 the hand of their enemies Here “hand” refers to power of the enemies to hurt Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 18 j2rk 0 all the days the judge lived Alternate translation: “as long as the judge lived”
JDG 2 18 n8w4 0 pity to have compassion for someone or something
JDG 2 18 g95t figs-metonymy 0 as they groaned The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. Alternate translation: “as they suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 19 q63w figs-metaphor 0 they would turn away The people no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they would physically turn away from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 19 fnt4 0 their fathers Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
JDG 2 19 kid3 figs-metaphor 0 They would go after other gods to serve them and worship them The Israelites worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were walking and going after other gods. Alternate translation: “They would serve and worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 19 lq1a figs-litotes 0 They refused to give up any of their evil practices or their stubborn ways “They refused to stop doing evil things and being stubborn.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “They continued doing evil things and being stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG 2 20 b7rk figs-metaphor 0 The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 20 clk3 figs-metonymy 0 this nation has broken Here “nation” represents the people. Alternate translation: “these people have broken” or “the Israelites have broken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 21 ry6q figs-metonymy 0 any of the nations Here “nations” represents the people groups that lived in Canaan before the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 2 22 n194 figs-metaphor 0 they will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 23 tn49 figs-doublet 0 did not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “he did not let Joshua quickly conquer them and drive them out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG 2 23 b618 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of Joshua Here “hand” is a metonym for power, and “Joshua” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “into the power of Joshua and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 intro k35h 0 # Judges 3 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people worship false gods<br><br>Israel worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Blew a trumpet”<br><br>When Ehud “blew a trumpet,” he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 3 1 w2is 0 Now Yahweh Here “Now” begins a new section of the story.
JDG 3 1 hp8z 0 these nations This refers to the people groups that the narrator will list in 3:3.
JDG 3 1 xj63 figs-activepassive 0 who had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who had not fought in any of the wars in Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 3 2 l4u8 writing-background 0 He did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before This breaks from the main story line. The narrator gives background information about why Yahweh left some of the people groups in Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle before how to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 3 3 mgb4 figs-synecdoche 0 the five kings These five kings represent themselves and their people. Alternate translation: “the five kings and their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 3 upq5 translate-names 0 Mount Baal Hermon This is the highest mountain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 3 z6zc translate-names 0 Hamath Pass This is the name of an area at the northern boundary of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 4 vqn2 figs-activepassive 0 These nations were left If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left these nations in Canaan” or “Yahweh allowed these nations to continue to live in Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 3 4 dzs7 0 as a means Alternate translation: “as a way”
JDG 3 4 f89f 0 whether they would … gave their ancestors The words “they” and “their” refer to the people of Israel.
JDG 3 4 wbc7 0 the commands he gave Alternate translation: “the commands Yahweh gave”
JDG 3 7 p6m5 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 7 e1t1 figs-idiom 0 forgot Yahweh their God Here “forgot” is an idiom that means “they stopped obeying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 3 8 yg7p figs-metaphor 0 the anger of Yahweh was set on fire Yahweh becoming very angry is spoken of as if his anger were something that could be set on fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 8 gwp8 figs-metaphor 0 sold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is spoken of as if Yahweh sold them to Cushan-Rishathaim. Alternate translation: “allowed Cushan-Rishathaim and his army to defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 8 zj78 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim Here “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control. Also, “Cushan-Rishathaim” is a synechdoche that represents himself and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 8 b1vl translate-names 0 Cushan-Rishathaim This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 8 a27l translate-names 0 Aram Naharaim This is the name of a country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 9 vg5k figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh raised up someone Yahweh appointing someone to do a special work for him is spoken of as if Yahweh raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 9 k6r6 0 Othniel … Kenaz See how you translated these men’s names in [Judges 1:13](../01/13.md).
JDG 3 10 y845 0 empowered him This phrase means that Yahweh helped Othniel to have and develop the qualities he needed to be a great leader.
JDG 3 10 rq2z 0 he judged Israel Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
JDG 3 10 k8cd figs-synecdoche 0 he went out to war Here “he” refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 10 l4lh figs-synecdoche 0 Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram Here “Cushan-Rishathaim” represents his army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 10 f953 figs-metonymy 0 The hand of Othniel Here “hand” is a metonym for army. Alternate translation: “The army of Othniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 3 11 svg9 figs-metonymy 0 The land had peace “The land” is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. Alternate translation: “The people lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 3 11 i8ks translate-numbers 0 forty years “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 3 12 l914 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 12 nj1t figs-abstractnouns 0 Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 3 12 s1wn figs-synecdoche 0 to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites Here “Eglon king of Moab” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 12 z23q translate-names 0 Eglon This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 13 rp3h 0 the City of Palms This is another name for the city of Jericho. See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
JDG 3 14 h6y6 translate-numbers 0 eighteen years “18 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 3 15 mpv5 0 called out to Yahweh Here this means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
JDG 3 15 zn6d figs-metaphor 0 raised up someone Yahweh appointing someone to do a special service for him is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 15 jja5 translate-names 0 Ehud … Gera These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 15 w4sk 0 left-handed Ehud was better able to hold a sword with his left hand.
JDG 3 16 fm5l translate-bdistance 0 one cubit If it is necessary to use a modern measurement of length, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “46 centimeters” or “about one half meter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JDG 3 16 i3y7 0 he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh Alternate translation: “he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing”
JDG 3 16 s4wh 0 thigh the part of the leg between the knee and the hip
JDG 3 17 k42d writing-background 0 Now Eglon was a very fat man Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 3 19 q56y figs-activepassive 0 when he reached the place where the carved images were made near Gilgal If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when he arrived at the place near Gilgal where people made carved images” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 3 20 f67g 0 in the coolness of the upper room This is a room above the lower level that was used for rest and to remain cool during the hot part of the day.
JDG 3 20 p7ft translate-symaction 0 The king got up out of his seat Standing up was a sign of honoring God will listening to his message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 3 22 k49p 0 The tip of the sword came out of his back Alternate translation: “The sharp end of the sword came out of his back”
JDG 3 23 djg4 0 porch an outside room with low walls and a roof covering
JDG 3 24 z2qt figs-euphemism 0 Surely he is relieving himself This is a polite way to speak about a person having a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 3 25 d7zv 0 until they felt they were neglecting their duty They waited until they became worried that something was wrong and it was their duty to open the doors to their king’s private room.
JDG 3 25 e1jf 0 took the key and opened them Alternate translation: “took the key and opened the doors”
JDG 3 26 r2ig figs-events 0 While the servants were waiting … Ehud escaped This tells what happened before the servants opened the doors to the upper room and found the king dead. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile, as the servants were still waiting outside of the upper room … Ehud escaped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JDG 3 26 x36q translate-names 0 Seirah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 27 zet1 figs-ellipsis 0 When he arrived You may want to help your readers by stating where he arrived. Alternate translation: “When he arrived in Seirah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 3 28 s9y4 0 General Information: Ehud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim.
JDG 3 28 ax6h figs-metaphor 0 for Yahweh is about to defeat your enemies Yahweh helping the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight and defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 3 28 i3vy 0 captured the fords Alternate translation: “gained control of the fords”
JDG 3 28 k9q1 0 fords the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side
JDG 3 28 uf81 0 did not allow anyone to cross Alternate translation: “did not let anyone cross”
JDG 3 29 jjy8 translate-numbers 0 ten thousand men “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 3 29 e6ge 0 capable men Alternate translation: “able men” or “men able to fight well”
JDG 3 30 ch1z figs-activepassive 0 Moab was subdued by the strength of Israel If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Israelite army defeated the Moabites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 3 30 par9 figs-metonymy 0 the strength of Israel Here “strength” represents the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 3 30 w1xr figs-metonymy 0 the land had rest Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 3 30 dln1 translate-numbers 0 eighty years “80 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 3 31 psq1 0 judge God appointed judges to lead the people of Israel in times of trouble after they entered the Promised Land and before they had kings. Often judges rescued the Israelites from their enemies.
JDG 3 31 xdh8 translate-names 0 Shamgar The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 31 uz68 translate-names 0 Anath The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 3 31 f6s9 translate-numbers 0 600 men “six hundred men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 3 31 z3lr 0 a stick used to goad cattle Cattle farmers would poke their cattle with a sharp stick to make them move. AT “a stick used to urge cattle to move” or “a stick used to direct cattle”
JDG 3 31 n8z3 figs-metonymy 0 He also delivered Israel from danger The word “danger” refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “He also delivered the people of Israel from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 4 intro pjw5 0 # Judges 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Barak’s leadership<br><br>At this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 4 1 h4q7 0 Ehud See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG 4 1 aq65 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 2 yj14 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan Here “hand” refers to Jabin’s power over Israel. Yahweh’s decision to give Jabin power over them is spoken of as if Yahweh had sold them to Jabin. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allowed them to be defeated by the power of Jabin king of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 2 i943 translate-names 0 Jabin … Sisera These are the names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 2 fk1t translate-names 0 Hazor … Harosheth Haggoyim These are the names of cities or places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 3 ftq8 translate-numbers 0 nine hundred iron chariots “900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 4 3 k27q 0 twenty years Alternate translation: “20 years”
JDG 4 4 e7xn writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Deborah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 4 4 nnu6 translate-names 0 Deborah This is the name of a woman (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 4 gru6 translate-names 0 Lappidoth This is the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 4 lj93 0 judge God appointed judges to lead the Israelites in times of trouble. Often the judges rescued them from their enemies.
JDG 4 5 uy3x 0 palm of Deborah This tree was named after Deborah.
JDG 4 6 b5l8 translate-names 0 General Information: The writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain, and a river by their names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 6 ehp5 translate-names 0 Barak … Abinoam These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 6 yn83 translate-names 0 Mount Tabor This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 6 vi2x translate-numbers 0 ten thousand men “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 4 7 rm5r 0 I will draw out Here “I” refers to God.
JDG 4 7 mmc1 figs-synecdoche 0 draw out Sisera Here “Sisera” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “draw out Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 4 7 hl3v 0 draw out to cause people to come away from a safe location
JDG 4 7 k3na 0 Sisera … Jabin See how you translated these men’s names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG 4 7 sue6 translate-names 0 Kishon This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 8 qr6v 0 General Information: Barak has a discussion with Deborah.
JDG 4 8 b27v 0 Barak See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG 4 9 y6ww figs-metaphor 0 the road on which you are going will not lead to your honor The choice Barak makes is spoken of as if Barak were choosing a road on which to travel. And, “honor” is spoken of as if it were a destination to which one travels. Alternate translation: “no one will honor you for what you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 9 v8ri figs-metonymy 0 for Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman Here “hand” refers to her power to kill him. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will cause a woman to defeat Sisera” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 4 9 msw7 0 Sisera See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG 4 9 bi9q 0 Deborah See how you translated this woman’s name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG 4 10 g69f translate-numbers 0 Ten thousand men “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 4 11 wq16 writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Heber the Kenite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 4 11 fty7 translate-names 0 Heber … Hobab These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 11 aup8 0 Kenite See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md)
JDG 4 11 jez1 0 Moses’ father-in-law Alternate translation: “the father of Moses’ wife”
JDG 4 11 y5mf translate-names 0 Zaanannim This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 12 rkt1 0 When they told Sisera Here “they” does not identify anyone specifically. Alternate translation: “When someone told Sisera”
JDG 4 12 dcw1 0 Sisera See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG 4 12 i2cf 0 Barak … Abinoam … Mount Tabor See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG 4 13 r3xw figs-metonymy 0 Sisera called out all his chariots Here “chariots” represents the soldiers who drove the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 4 13 avt4 translate-numbers 0 nine hundred iron chariots “900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 4 13 x4xy 0 Harosheth Haggoyim See how you translated the name of this city in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG 4 13 a7q6 0 Kishon River See how you translated this in [Judges 4:7](../04/07.md).
JDG 4 14 pb3b figs-pastforfuture 0 Yahweh has given you victory Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give you victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JDG 4 14 r1ph figs-rquestion 0 Is not Yahweh leading you? Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Remember, Yahweh is leading you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 4 14 fv1q translate-numbers 0 with ten thousand “with 10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 4 15 t5qj 0 Yahweh confused Sisera and all his chariots and all his army Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army unable to think clearly” or “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army panic”
JDG 4 15 u8qh figs-metonymy 0 all his chariots Here the word “chariots” is a metonym for the soldiers driving the chariots. Alternate translation: “all the men driving chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 4 16 qj43 figs-synecdoche 0 Barak pursued Here “Barak” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers chased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 4 16 ce5l 0 Harosheth Translate this the same way you did in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG 4 16 x3gk figs-synecdoche 0 the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera’s whole army with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 4 17 ayi3 0 Sisera … Jabin … Hazor See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG 4 17 h17w figs-idiom 0 ran away on foot This is an idiom that means he was walking rather than riding a horse or in a chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 4 17 mp3u translate-names 0 Jael This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 4 17 s2ne 0 Heber See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
JDG 4 17 kwu8 0 Kenite See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
JDG 4 18 k8b1 figs-explicit 0 Turn aside This means to change course during a journey in order to rest. Alternate translation: “Come here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 4 18 u5k9 0 blanket a large covering for the body to sleep under for warmth, made of wool or animal skins
JDG 4 19 cn6j 0 He said to her Alternate translation: “Sisera said to Jael”
JDG 4 21 ctd6 0 tent peg a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent
JDG 4 21 i8q2 0 hammer a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground
JDG 4 21 lvc4 figs-metaphor 0 a deep sleep Like a person in a deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 22 n7wq 0 Barak was pursuing Alternate translation: “Barak was chasing” or “Barak was following after”
JDG 4 23 xzh1 figs-metaphor 0 God defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 24 y25t 0 The might Alternate translation: “The military power”
JDG 4 24 zcb9 figs-synecdoche 0 they destroyed him Here “him” refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “they destroyed Jabin and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 intro jgd9 0 # Judges 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The flood<br><br>God caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban’s chariots making<br>them vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 1 w7ex figs-explicit 0 On that day The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 1 pfq9 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG 5 1 l3sj 0 Barak … Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG 5 2 s181 0 when the people gladly volunteer for war Alternate translation: “when the men agree to fight in battle”
JDG 5 3 hs8j figs-apostrophe 0 Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JDG 5 3 cbt1 0 you kings … you leaders This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.
JDG 5 4 f5pu figs-metaphor 0 when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 4 vj7e translate-names 0 Seir Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 5 4 hw54 figs-metaphor 0 the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water This could mean: (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 5 p4qp figs-personification 0 The mountains quaked This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 5 d62l figs-metonymy 0 before the face of Yahweh Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 5 wuf5 figs-explicit 0 even Mount Sinai quaked When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. Alternate translation: “long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 6 he9e 0 In the days of Alternate translation: “During the lifetime of”
JDG 5 6 asi7 translate-names 0 Shamgar … Anath … Jael These are the names of people. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in [Judges 3:31](../03/31.md) and Jael in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 5 6 rw34 writing-background 0 son of Anath Shamgar’s father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 5 6 ki5e figs-activepassive 0 the main roads were abandoned This can be stated in active form and you can make explicit why the roads were abandoned Alternate translation: “people stopped using the main roads; because they were afraid of Israel’s enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 6 i6j5 0 the winding paths This refers to smaller roads that fewer people traveled on.
JDG 5 7 n27x figs-metaphor 0 I, Deborah, arose—arose as a mother in Israel Deborah speaks of becoming a leader in Israel as if she were a mother taking care of young children. Alternate translation: “I, Deborah, began to lead—I took care of the Israelites as a mother takes care of her children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 8 mxk4 figs-explicit 0 they chose new gods The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel worshiped new gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 8 duj5 figs-synecdoche 0 there was fighting at the city gates Here “gates” represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 8 v83h figs-hyperbole 0 there were no shields or spears seen among forty thousand in Israel This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. Alternate translation: “few weapons for battle remained in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 5 8 dl2n translate-numbers 0 forty thousand in Israel “40,000 in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 5 9 u5zy figs-metonymy 0 My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel The word “heart” represents a person’s emotions. The phrase “My heart goes out to” is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. Alternate translation: “I appreciate the commanders of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 5 10 dt2p figs-merism 0 you who ride on white donkeys … you who walk along the road This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. Alternate translation: “you rich people who ride on white donkeys … you poor people who walk along the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JDG 5 10 vf24 0 sitting on rugs for saddles These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey’s back to make the rider more comfortable.
JDG 5 11 v4bj figs-synecdoche 0 Hear the voices of those Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 11 f6il figs-synecdoche 0 went down to the city gates Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 12 de7e 0 Awake, awake Possible speakers are: (1) the people of Israel or (2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or (3) the poet who wrote the song.
JDG 5 12 jc43 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG 5 12 qc51 0 Barak … Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG 5 13 tl3e 0 to me with the warriors The word “me” refers to Deborah.
JDG 5 14 e478 figs-metaphor 0 from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek The people of Ephraim living in the land where the descendants of Amalek originally lived is spoken of as if the people of Ephraim were planted and their roots grew into the land. Alternate translation: “from Ephraim, that land where the descendants of Amalek once lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 14 k3ph figs-you 0 followed you Here “you” refers to the people of Ephraim. It can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “followed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG 5 14 yna1 translate-names 0 Machir This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 5 14 rl91 figs-metonymy 0 from Zebulun those who carry an officer’s staff Military leaders are described by the staff, a symbol of their authority. Alternate translation: “military leaders from Zebulun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 15 ruv4 figs-123person 0 My princes in Issachar were with Deborah Here “My” refers to Deborah. This whole statement can be translated in first person. Alternate translation: “My princes in Issachar were with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG 5 15 w1en 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG 5 15 sn4n figs-metonymy 0 Issachar was with Barak Here “Issachar” refers to the tribe of Issachar. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Issachar was with Barak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 15 yt1t 0 Barak See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG 5 15 z2wa 0 rushing after him into the valley under his command Alternate translation: “obeying his command and rushing after him into the valley”
JDG 5 15 u31z 0 rushing after Alternate translation: “following after” or “hurrying after”
JDG 5 15 sdi1 figs-metonymy 0 there were great searchings of heart Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. Alternate translation: “there was a lot of discussing about what they should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 16 wc6c figs-rquestion 0 Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks? This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in the battle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have helped us fight, instead of staying at home and listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 16 xdd2 0 the fireplaces Some versions of the Bible have the translation “the sheepfolds” or “the sheep pens.”
JDG 5 16 jg14 figs-metonymy 0 there were great searchings of heart Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. See how you translated this in [Judges 5:15](../05/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 5 17 pg1n figs-metonymy 0 Gilead stayed Here “Gilead” the men from Gilead who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Gilead stayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 17 zwj6 figs-explicit 0 the other side of the Jordan This refers to the east side of the Jordan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 17 l6vz figs-rquestion 0 Dan, why did he wander about on ships? This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan should not have remained on their ships!” or “the people of the tribe of Dan did not help us in the battle. Instead they were wandering around on the sea in ships!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 17 wn8k figs-metonymy 0 Dan, why did he Here “Dan” represents the men from Dan who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan, why did they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 17 wy1c figs-explicit 0 wander about on ships The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 17 q466 figs-explicit 0 Asher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of the tribe of Asher also failed to help us, they just remained on the coast near their harbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 17 hk9v figs-metonymy 0 Asher remained Here “Asher” represents the men who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Asher remained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 17 s37f 0 harbors places at the seacoast with deeper water where ships were kept
JDG 5 18 iq38 figs-ellipsis 0 Naphtali, also You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “Naphtali was a tribe who would also risk their lives to the point of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 5 19 klr4 figs-synecdoche 0 The kings came, they fought … the kings of Canaan fought The king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. Alternate translation: “The kings and their armies came and fought … the kings of Canaan and their armies fought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 19 qh9s figs-ellipsis 0 they fought … fought The word “us” is understood. Alternate translation: “they fought us … fought us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 5 19 bwx4 0 Taanach … Megiddo Translate the names of these places as you did in [Judges 1:27](../01/27.md).
JDG 5 19 jn5l figs-synecdoche 0 no silver as plunder Here “silver” represents any treasure in general. Alternate translation: “no silver or other treasures as plunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 19 lin6 0 plunder things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves
JDG 5 20 uwf8 figs-personification 0 From heaven the stars fought, from their paths across the heavens they fought against Sisera Yahweh helping the Israelite to defeat Sisera and his army is spoken of as if the stars themselves fought against Sisera and his army. This may refer to Yahweh using natural elements, specifically rain storms, to defeat Sisera. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 5 20 r9rm figs-synecdoche 0 against Sisera Here “Sisera” represents himself and his whole army. Alternate translation: “Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 20 ac6p 0 Sisera See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG 5 21 yn1b figs-explicit 0 The Kishon River swept them away Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly causing the chariots to be stuck in the mud and drowning many soldiers. Alternate translation: “The Kishon River flooded and swept away Sisera’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 21 h8ac 0 Kishon See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG 5 21 je12 figs-synecdoche 0 March on my soul, be strong Here “soul” refers to the whole person. The word “my” refers to Deborah. Alternate translation: “I tell myself to march on and to be strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 22 wx9v figs-explicit 0 Then came the sound of horses’ hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. Alternate translation: “Then I heard the sound of horses running away. Sisera’s mighty horses were running away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 22 n754 0 galloping runninb quickly
JDG 5 23 gg5n figs-metonymy 0 Curse Meroz Here “Meroz” represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “Curse the people of Meroz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 23 cdl6 translate-names 0 Meroz This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 5 24 n5q6 0 Jael See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md).
JDG 5 24 r37w 0 Heber See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
JDG 5 24 jve5 0 Kenite Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
JDG 5 25 a4wl 0 brought him butter Here “butter” refers to curdled milk. This was the best milk and a favorite drink among Jael’s people. Alternate translation: “brought him yogurt” or “brought him curds”
JDG 5 25 viu5 figs-explicit 0 a dish fit for princes This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 26 k8d2 0 She put her hand to the tent peg Alternate translation: “Jael grabbed the tent peg with her left hand”
JDG 5 26 iyf8 0 tent peg This is a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
JDG 5 26 c1yp figs-ellipsis 0 her right hand to the workman’s hammer This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “she grabbed a hammer with her right hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 5 26 va7c 0 hammer This is a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
JDG 5 26 hkm3 0 Sisera See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG 5 27 e9gf 0 limp without strength or movement
JDG 5 27 ezv3 figs-activepassive 0 he was violently killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she killed him” or “he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 5 28 duq1 0 the lattice This is a frame in the window made of crossed wood.
JDG 5 28 mw4d figs-parallelism 0 Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed? Both of these questions mean the same thing. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “Why is it taking Sisera so long to arrive home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 5 28 k2dy figs-metonymy 0 taken his chariot … Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots Both of these represent Sisera. Alternate translation: “taken Sisera … Why has he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 29 xa2n 0 wisest princesses A “princess” is the daughter of a king, but a “princess” can also mean female advisers to the king’s family. Alternate translation: “wisest ladies”
JDG 5 29 mw32 0 she gave herself the same answer Alternate translation: “she said to herself the same thing”
JDG 5 30 l98i figs-rquestion 0 Have they not found and divided up the plunder—a womb … plunder? The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “They must have so much plunder that it is taking a long time to divide it. They have … plunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 5 30 cw6v figs-rquestion 0 a womb, two wombs for every man … of those who plunder? The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “There must be a womb, two wombs for every man … of those who plunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 5 30 xgr7 figs-synecdoche 0 a womb, two wombs for every man Here “womb” represents a woman. Sisera’s mother believes Sisera’s men have captured many women. Alternate translation: “Each soldier will receive a woman or two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 30 p9nz 0 dyed fabric Alternate translation: “colored cloth” or “colored clothes”
JDG 5 30 zp9h 0 embroidered having designs made of colored threads
JDG 5 30 yg2c figs-synecdoche 0 for the necks of those who plunder Here “necks” represents Sisera’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “for the soldiers who plunder to wear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 31 bi4x figs-simile 0 like the sun when it rises in its might The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation’s army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 5 31 q1yt figs-metonymy 0 the land had peace Here “the land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and the people of Israel lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 31 mw3u translate-numbers 0 for forty years “for 40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 6 intro p5sj 0 # Judges 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8)<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s punishment<br>In Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
JDG 6 1 ht3z figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 6 1 l9nl figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Also, “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the people of Midian” or “the control of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 2 bs4z figs-metonymy 0 The power of Midian oppressed Israel Here “the power of Midian” refers to the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 2 pl5z 0 dens places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter
JDG 6 4 zcp1 0 They would set up their army Alternate translation: “The army would encamp” or “The army would set up their tents”
JDG 6 5 i2ld 0 Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase “came up” when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. Alternate translation: “Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel”
JDG 6 5 e5sl figs-simile 0 they would come as a swarm of locusts The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 6 5 ra2i figs-hyperbole 0 it was impossible to count This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 6 6 eg3l figs-metonymy 0 Midian weakened Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 6 lcc3 figs-idiom 0 called out to Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 7 z7sa figs-idiom 0 called out to Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 7 r2ej figs-metonymy 0 because of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “because of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 8 q22q 0 I brought you up from Egypt Alternate translation: “I led you out of Egypt”
JDG 6 8 h336 figs-metaphor 0 the house of slavery Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 6 9 ue1t figs-metonymy 0 from the hand In this phrase “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 10 ne4s figs-metonymy 0 obeyed my voice - Here “my voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “obeyed my command” or “obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 11 sex8 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
JDG 6 11 r6sg translate-names 0 Ophrah This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 6 11 iz4d translate-names 0 Abiezrite This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 6 11 y3ww 0 was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor This is a process called “threshing.” Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant.
JDG 6 12 fe5w 0 appeared to him Alternate translation: “went to him”
JDG 6 13 as35 0 my master Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man.
JDG 6 13 in9x figs-rquestion 0 Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, ‘Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’ Gideon uses a question to challenge the stranger’s statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG 6 13 e2k9 figs-idiom 0 gave us into the hand of Midian The phrase “gave us into” means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. Alternate translation: “allowed the Midianites to defeat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 13 vi7e figs-metonymy 0 gave us into the hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 13 buc4 figs-metonymy 0 of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 14 n2w1 0 Yahweh looked at him Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked at Gideon”
JDG 6 14 kx2t figs-metonymy 0 from the hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 14 wuu9 figs-metonymy 0 of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 14 zs9h figs-rquestion 0 Have I not sent you? Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here “sent” means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am sending you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 6 15 w5e8 0 Please, Lord Gideon now calls the person “Lord” instead of “my master” as in [Judges 6:13](../06/13.md). Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh.
JDG 6 15 wn75 figs-rquestion 0 how can I deliver Israel? Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 6 15 gpv8 0 See, my family Alternate translation: “Look at my family and me and you will see that it”
JDG 6 15 gp6c 0 in Manasseh Alternate translation: “in the tribe of Manasseh”
JDG 6 15 tw55 figs-metonymy 0 in my father’s house Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “in my father’s family” or “in my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 16 p1xa figs-idiom 0 I will be with you Here “be with you” is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 16 fhe8 figs-explicit 0 as one man You can state the full meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “as easily as if you were fighting only one man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 6 18 ngy5 0 set it before you Alternate translation: “place it in front of you”
JDG 6 19 kmz6 translate-bvolume 0 from an ephah of flour If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. Alternate translation: “with 22 liters of flour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
JDG 6 19 c4pf 0 broth water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it
JDG 6 19 r55k 0 them to him Alternate translation: “them to the angel of God”
JDG 6 20 u9cs 0 angel of God This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “God, who was in the form of an angel” or “God”
JDG 6 21 ggc2 0 angel of Yahweh In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 6 21 x8t9 0 went away Alternate translation: “disappeared”
JDG 6 22 x6iw 0 angel of Yahweh In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 6 22 l2pp figs-exclamations 0 Ah, Lord Yahweh! The word “Ah” here shows that Gideon was very frightened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JDG 6 22 c1kt figs-idiom 0 seen the angel of Yahweh face to face This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. Alternate translation: “really seen the angel of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 23 b3ha figs-explicit 0 Yahweh said to him Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 6 24 s81y 0 To this day This means to the time when the book of Judges was written.
JDG 6 24 y4ya 0 Ophrah Translate the name of this town as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 6 24 w4kn 0 the clan of Abiezer Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 6 25 h71y translate-ordinal 0 a second bull The word “second” is the ordinal number for “two.” Alternate translation: “another bull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG 6 25 n1rh 0 that is beside it Alternate translation: “that is beside the altar of Baal”
JDG 6 26 tj4p 0 on the top of this place of refuge The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites.
JDG 6 26 gvr9 0 construct it the correct way Alternate translation: “place the stones in an orderly manner” or “and build it properly”
JDG 6 27 xp8k 0 did as Yahweh had told him This refers to Yahweh’s command in [Judges 6:25-26](./25.md).
JDG 6 28 mii1 0 got up Alternate translation: “got up out of bed” or “woke up”
JDG 6 28 i5zb figs-activepassive 0 the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 6 30 r7h5 figs-activepassive 0 he may be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we may kill him as punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 6 31 jw4v figs-rquestion 0 Will you plead the case for Baal? Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to defend Baal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 6 31 xk3a 0 plead the case Alternate translation: “make a defense” or “give an excuse”
JDG 6 31 n471 figs-rquestion 0 Will you save him? Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to save Baal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 6 32 j4wk translate-names 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 6 32 q44c 0 because he said Alternate translation: “because Joash said”
JDG 6 33 ual5 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
JDG 6 33 eu5d figs-explicit 0 gathered together The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gathered together as an army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 6 34 d9eb figs-idiom 0 came over Gideon This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “took control of Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 6 34 sz1y 0 clan of Abiezer Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 6 34 zxl8 figs-ellipsis 0 so they might follow him The words “to battle” are understood. Alternate translation: “so they might follow him to battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 6 35 sy9t figs-activepassive 0 and they too, were called out to follow him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “calling them out to follow him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 6 35 qb25 figs-metonymy 0 to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali These all represent the people of each tribe. Alternate translation: “to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 37 uf1b 0 woolen fleece the woolly coat of a sheep
JDG 6 37 qz5z 0 dew water that forms on plants during the night
JDG 6 37 s8ri figs-explicit 0 then I will know that you will The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 6 38 cs87 0 Gideon rose Alternate translation: “Gideon got out of bed”
JDG 6 38 ub6l 0 wrung twist and squeeze something to remove water
JDG 7 intro q545 0 # Judges 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God gets all of the credit<br><br>God said, “There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, ‘Our own power has saved us.’” By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
JDG 7 1 u963 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 7 1 se4n 0 they encamped Alternate translation: “they set up their camp”
JDG 7 1 q9lu translate-names 0 spring of Harod … hill of Moreh These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 7 1 w8xb figs-metonymy 0 The camp of Midian was to their north Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. Alternate translation: “The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 7 2 ja78 figs-abstractnouns 0 for me to give you victory over the Midianites The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites” or “for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 7 2 ww36 figs-metonymy 0 Our own power has saved us Here “power” represents the people themselves. Alternate translation: “We have saved ourselves without God’s help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 7 3 i31q 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JDG 7 3 ahw6 figs-synecdoche 0 proclaim in the ears of the people Here “the ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “proclaim to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 7 3 gt6x figs-parallelism 0 Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles Both of these phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 7 3 h7mv 0 trembles This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. Alternate translation: “shakes with fear”
JDG 7 3 m53a figs-explicit 0 let him return You can make explicit where he will go. Alternate translation: “let him return to his home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 7 3 iup9 translate-names 0 Mount Gilead This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 7 3 s1sd translate-numbers 0 twenty-two thousand “22,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 7 3 wn6f figs-ellipsis 0 ten thousand remained The word “people” or “men” is understood. Alternate translation: “10,000 people remained” or “10,000 men remained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 7 3 z1zr translate-numbers 0 ten thousand “10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 7 4 t9yd figs-metonymy 0 I will make their number smaller for you there Here “number” represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 7 5 iem1 figs-go 0 Gideon brought The word “brought” can be translated as “took” or “led.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
JDG 7 5 w69s 0 laps to drink by licking with the tongue
JDG 7 6 ae7k translate-numbers 0 Three hundred men “300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 7 7 e8uv translate-numbers 0 three hundred men “300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 7 7 gk97 figs-you 0 I will rescue you and give you victory Here “you” is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JDG 7 8 j7gy figs-activepassive 0 So those who were chosen If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those whom Yahweh chose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 7 8 u2nh 0 took their supplies and their trumpets Here “their” refers to the Israelite soldiers who were leaving the army.
JDG 7 8 cx8b 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
JDG 7 9 u84q figs-metonymy 0 Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it Here “camp” refers to the whole Midianite army. The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them” or “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 7 10 xqh7 figs-ellipsis 0 afraid to go down You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “afraid to go down to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 7 10 u4w3 translate-names 0 Purah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 7 11 j99j figs-activepassive 0 your courage will be strengthened If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you hear will be encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 7 11 wv5r 0 guard posts places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army
JDG 7 12 r5ww figs-simile 0 as thick as a cloud of locusts Here “cloud” means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 7 12 zt6s figs-hyperbole 0 Their camels were more … in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 7 12 d37k figs-activepassive 0 Their camels were more than could be counted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their camels were more than anyone could count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 7 14 yg52 figs-metonymy 0 This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon Here “the sword of Gideon” refers to Gideon’s army attacking. Alternate translation: “The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 7 14 v4e2 figs-pastforfuture 0 God has given him victory over Midian This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JDG 7 16 xjf2 translate-numbers 0 three hundred men “300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 7 18 rj9w figs-explicit 0 For Yahweh and for Gideon! The words “we fight” are implied. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 7 19 cxa7 translate-numbers 0 hundred men “100 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 7 19 wba7 0 right at the beginning of the middle watch The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o’clock at night.
JDG 7 20 zfw1 figs-metonymy 0 The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon Here “sword” refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 7 22 nw1r translate-numbers 0 three hundred trumpets “300 trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 7 22 nk36 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh set every Midianite man’s sword against his comrades Here “sword” refers to their attack with the use of the sword. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 7 22 rv5b translate-names 0 Beth Shittah … Zererah … Abel Meholah … Tabbath These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 7 23 u5e9 figs-activepassive 0 The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 7 24 js9y translate-names 0 Beth Barah This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 7 24 u7ze 0 took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River Alternate translation: “took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah”
JDG 7 25 hn84 figs-explicit 0 at the rock of Oreb … at the winepress of Zeeb The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 7 25 rvj8 translate-names 0 Oreb … Zeeb These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 intro zh95 0 # Judges 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Succoth’s refusal to help Gideon<br>The men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Gideon refuses to be king<br><br>Gideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you.” Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone’s plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JDG 8 1 sea3 figs-rquestion 0 What is this you have done to us? The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not treated us fairly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 1 f8fy figs-metonymy 0 against Midian Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 1 whc1 0 they had a violent argument with him they argued angrily with him” or “they rebuked him severely”
JDG 8 2 xg1a 0 General Information: Gideon replies to the men from Ephraim.
JDG 8 2 wpi2 figs-rquestion 0 What have I done now compared to you? Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “I have done very little compared with what you have done!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 2 xg8b figs-rquestion 0 Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 2 i6yr figs-rquestion 0 Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. Alternate translation: “What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 8 2 rr59 figs-metonymy 0 Abiezer This is the name of one of Gideon’s ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer’s descendants and their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 3 x1xa 0 Oreb and Zeeb See how you translated these names in [Judges 7:25](../07/25.md).
JDG 8 3 bi55 figs-rquestion 0 What have I accomplished compared to you? Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is more important than what I have done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 3 riv2 0 died down Alternate translation: “became less”
JDG 8 4 f6yp translate-numbers 0 the three hundred men “the 300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 8 4 s9yv figs-abstractnouns 0 kept up the pursuit The word “pursuit,” an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “continued to chase their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 8 5 zt2q translate-names 0 Zebah and Zalmunna These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 6 l71p figs-rquestion 0 Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand? The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. Alternate translation: “You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 6 aw3g figs-synecdoche 0 Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna Here “hands” refer to the whole body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 6 bn4x figs-metonymy 0 now in your hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 6 k3em figs-rquestion 0 Why should we give bread to your army? The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “We see no reason to give bread to your army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 8 7 gwp6 figs-explicit 0 I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 8 7 j77m 0 thorns and briers sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals
JDG 8 8 bi3x figs-synecdoche 0 He went up from there Here “He” refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate translation: “They left there” or “Gideon and his 300 men left there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 8 ikw7 translate-names 0 Peniel The name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 8 ak91 figs-ellipsis 0 spoke to the people there in the same way You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “asked for food there in the same way” or “he also asked them for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 8 9 y4qf figs-euphemism 0 When I come again in peace This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. Alternate translation: “After I have completely defeated the Midian army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 8 9 nth4 figs-synecdoche 0 I will pull down this tower Here “I” refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “My men and I will pull down this tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 10 nfu6 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
JDG 8 10 tli8 0 Zebah and Zalmunna See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
JDG 8 10 vw38 translate-names 0 Karkor This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 10 bh2j translate-numbers 0 fifteen thousand men “15,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 8 10 p2iw figs-euphemism 0 had fallen This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 8 10 j3dk translate-numbers 0 120,000 men “one hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 8 10 mz6t figs-metonymy 0 men who drew the sword Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. This could mean: (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 11 t81p figs-synecdoche 0 Gideon went up Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 11 y551 figs-synecdoche 0 He defeated Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 11 jbu9 translate-names 0 Nobah and Jogbehah These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 12 dmu9 0 Zebah and Zalmunna See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
JDG 8 12 if5y 0 panic extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally
JDG 8 13 w2l7 translate-names 0 the pass of Heres This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 14 a6z2 figs-explicit 0 questioned him It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. Alternate translation: “he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 8 14 l2rr translate-numbers 0 seventy-seven officials “77 officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 8 15 buj3 0 Zebah and Zalmunna See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
JDG 8 15 bnf8 figs-rquestion 0 Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna? Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. Alternate translation: “You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 16 ct8g figs-synecdoche 0 Gideon took … he punished Here “Gideon” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers took … they punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 16 vr3e 0 thorns and briers These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in [Judges 8:7](../08/07.md).
JDG 8 17 dbh6 figs-synecdoche 0 he pulled Gideon and his soldiers pulled. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers pulled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 8 17 jg81 0 Peniel Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 8:8](../08/08.md).
JDG 8 18 lav2 0 Zebah and Zalmunna See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
JDG 8 18 gw8k 0 Tabor Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG 8 18 q1pd 0 As you are, so were they Alternate translation: “They were just like you”
JDG 8 19 jb1y figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. Alternate translation: “I promise you that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 8 20 xg9f translate-names 0 Jether This is the name of Gideon’s son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 21 p21p figs-idiom 0 For as the man is, so is his strength This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is a job for a man to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 8 21 lzn1 0 crescent This is a curved shape with two points. This shape occurs when the moon is mostly covered in shadow.
JDG 8 21 eu98 0 ornaments decorations
JDG 8 22 n3hy figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of Midian Here “hand” represents the power of Midian over Israel. Alternate translation: “from the power of Midian” or “from Midian” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 22 zz2f figs-metonymy 0 of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 24 va81 0 Gideon said to them Alternate translation: “Gideon said to the men of Israel”
JDG 8 24 qb9s 0 earrings jewelry worn on the ear
JDG 8 24 e5zj 0 plunder things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war
JDG 8 24 c2b3 writing-background 0 The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 8 25 ark2 0 cloak clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat
JDG 8 26 z8qb translate-numbers 0 1,700 shekels of gold “one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold.” If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “18.7 kilograms of gold” or “about 20 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JDG 8 26 w5mz 0 crescent ornaments See how you translated this in [Judges 8:21](../08/21.md).
JDG 8 26 rc47 0 pendants pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces
JDG 8 26 z7ld figs-activepassive 0 that was worn by the kings of Midian If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the kings of Midian wore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 8 27 awh9 0 Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings Alternate translation: “Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod”
JDG 8 27 tir6 0 Ophrah Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 8 27 tyw2 figs-metaphor 0 all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 8 27 j6ye figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel Here “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. Alternate translation: “very many people in Israel worshiped the garment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 8 27 bbx3 figs-metaphor 0 It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunter’s snare that would trap them. Alternate translation: “It became a temptation for Gideon and his family” or “Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 8 27 i29y figs-metonymy 0 for those in his house Here “his house” represents Gideon’s family. Alternate translation: “for his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 28 wui8 figs-activepassive 0 So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel” or “So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 8 28 u2ar figs-idiom 0 they did not raise their heads up again This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they did not attack Israel again” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 8 28 un4l figs-metonymy 0 So the land had peace Here “land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 28 mw8q translate-numbers 0 forty years “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 8 28 z3zj 0 in the days of Gideon Alternate translation: “during the life of Gideon”
JDG 8 29 z3sb 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 8 30 m14n translate-numbers 0 seventy sons “70 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 8 32 i3jl figs-idiom 0 a good old age This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when he was very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 8 32 w8yg figs-activepassive 0 was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 8 32 aen4 0 Ophrah Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 8 32 pc1f 0 the clan of Abiezer Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 8 33 be44 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JDG 8 33 l1r2 figs-metaphor 0 turned again The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. Alternate translation: “they stopped worshiping Yahwheh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 8 33 gh13 figs-metaphor 0 prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 8 33 ce8s translate-names 0 Baal-Berith This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 34 k1h5 figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of all their enemies Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of all their enemies” or “from all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 34 lqk5 0 on every side Alternate translation: “who surrounded them”
JDG 8 35 svf8 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jerub Baal Here “the house of” represents a person’s family. Alternate translation: “the family of Jerub Baal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 35 w3k3 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 9 intro zl19 0 # Judges 9 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jotham’s curse<br><br>Gideon’s son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon’s other sons. “Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Tree metaphor<br><br>This chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JDG 9 1 cb58 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 9 2 gfl5 figs-quotesinquotes 0 Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, ‘Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?’ This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG 9 2 lpf2 translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 2 e38y figs-metonymy 0 I am your bone and your flesh Here “your bone and your flesh” represents being someone’s relative. Alternate translation: “I am a member of your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 3 ie29 0 His mother’s relatives spoke for him to the leaders This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king.
JDG 9 3 ubh9 0 they agreed to follow Abimelech Alternate translation: “they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader”
JDG 9 4 yf44 figs-metonymy 0 the house Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 4 yf3w translate-bmoney 0 seventy pieces of silver This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. Alternate translation: “almost one kilo of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
JDG 9 4 v8x5 translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 4 g7i4 0 Baal-Berith This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md).
JDG 9 4 mi77 0 worthless and reckless Alternate translation: “violent and foolish”
JDG 9 5 c56j 0 Ophrah Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG 9 5 jer7 translate-numbers 0 one stone “1 stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 5 gnp3 translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 5 ilv2 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 9 6 up6d translate-names 0 Beth Millo This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 7 d3ws figs-parables 0 General Information: Jotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
JDG 9 7 ksz5 figs-activepassive 0 When Jotham was told about this If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 9 7 z9vx translate-names 0 Mount Gerizim This is a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 8 p19p figs-parables 0 The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 8 x1ky translate-symaction 0 to anoint a king over them Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 9 8 ai6t 0 Reign over us Alternate translation: “Be our king”
JDG 9 9 q6h3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my abundance … over the other trees? The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 9 v5cc figs-metonymy 0 abundance This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 9 b42t 0 by which gods and men are honored This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
JDG 9 9 ctc8 0 gods It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so this could mean: (1) “gods” or (2) “God.”
JDG 9 9 a9cy figs-metaphor 0 sway over To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JDG 9 11 df3r figs-parables 0 the fig tree said to them Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 11 bi3f figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my sweetness … over the other trees? The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 11 jkz5 figs-abstractnouns 0 my sweetness and my good fruit The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 9 12 m2h3 figs-parables 0 The trees said to the vine In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 13 i2y3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my new wine … over the other trees? The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 14 mp3a 0 thornbush Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.
JDG 9 15 g1p2 figs-parables 0 The thornbush said to the trees In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 9 15 zea8 translate-symaction 0 to anoint me as king over you To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 9 15 cm8a figs-abstractnouns 0 find safety The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 9 15 hvs5 0 fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars.
JDG 9 15 xn44 figs-123person 0 then let fire come out of the thornbush The thornbush refers to itself as “the thornbush.” Alternate translation: “then may fire come out from me, the thornbush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG 9 16 ayq2 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JDG 9 16 y7g3 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 9 16 nu7n figs-metonymy 0 his house Here “house” represents Gideon’s family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 17 x8ae 0 General Information: Jotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place.
JDG 9 17 fpm7 0 to think that my father fought for you … out of the hand of Midian Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem.
JDG 9 17 kqc3 figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of Midian Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the Midianites” or “from the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 18 cr5w figs-idiom 0 you have risen up against This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have opposed” or “you have rebelled against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 9 18 i5zw figs-metonymy 0 my father’s house Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my father’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 18 yy47 translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 18 ym97 translate-numbers 0 one stone “1 stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 18 c154 0 his female servant Here “his” refers to Gideon.
JDG 9 19 cwl5 figs-hypo 0 If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. Alternate translation: “If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JDG 9 19 re1x 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 9 19 r5ce figs-metonymy 0 his house Here “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 20 rv9v figs-hypo 0 But if not Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. Alternate translation: “But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JDG 9 20 g8i6 figs-metaphor 0 let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 9 20 ibq3 figs-metaphor 0 Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 9 20 iey1 0 Beth Millo This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:6](../09/06.md).
JDG 9 21 pan4 translate-names 0 Beer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 23 bv9r 0 God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem.
JDG 9 24 xf1e figs-activepassive 0 God did this so the violence done … helped him murder his brothers The passive phrases can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 9 24 cb41 translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 24 b1g1 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 9 25 b7tx 0 positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him Alternate translation: “sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech”
JDG 9 25 pd3x figs-activepassive 0 This was reported to Abimelech If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 9 26 r2ue translate-names 0 Gaal … Ebed These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 26 mv9b figs-abstractnouns 0 had confidence in him The word “confidence” is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb “trust.” Alternate translation: “trusted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 9 27 i6sf 0 They went out into the field Here “They” refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem.
JDG 9 27 r8w9 figs-explicit 0 they trampled on them They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 9 27 c3x3 0 trampled Alternate translation: “crushed” or “stomped”
JDG 9 27 d9l2 figs-metonymy 0 in the house Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 28 yyy5 0 Gaal … Ebed See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG 9 28 w9hj figs-rquestion 0 Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 28 dfp7 figs-parallelism 0 Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as “Shechem” because Abimelech’s mother was from Shechem. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 28 a6ws figs-rquestion 0 Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer? Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 28 p2s8 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 9 28 b36z translate-names 0 Zebul This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 28 rq5n 0 Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem’s father Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite.
JDG 9 28 ju72 figs-rquestion 0 Why should we serve Abimelech? Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 29 v1e2 0 I wish that this people were under my command Alternate translation: “I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem”
JDG 9 30 qj5l 0 Zebul See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
JDG 9 30 a53k 0 heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed Alternate translation: “heard what Gaal son of Ebed said”
JDG 9 30 p2rs 0 Gaal … Ebed See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG 9 30 u13b figs-metaphor 0 his anger was kindled Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 9 30 lx8u figs-metonymy 0 the city Here “city” represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 31 u898 0 in order to deceive Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. Alternate translation: “secretly”
JDG 9 31 gvg1 figs-metaphor 0 they are stirring up the city against you This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. Alternate translation: “they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 9 32 yn4z 0 General Information: Zebul’s messengers continue talking to Abimelech.
JDG 9 32 j18v 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JDG 9 32 mrh8 0 an ambush Alternate translation: “to hide and attack them suddenly”
JDG 9 33 k1f3 0 do whatever you can to them This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal.
JDG 9 34 be8t 0 all the men who were with him Alternate translation: “all the men accompanying Abimelech” or “all the men fighting for Abimelech”
JDG 9 34 b14p translate-numbers 0 dividing into four units “separating into 4 groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 35 q22c 0 Gaal … Ebed See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG 9 36 v8bb 0 Gaal This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG 9 36 vu4i 0 Zebul This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
JDG 9 36 gz9v 0 You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills”
JDG 9 37 kmf8 translate-numbers 0 one unit “1 group” or “1 troop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 38 tqh1 0 Zebul See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
JDG 9 38 qap7 figs-rquestion 0 Where are your proud words now, you Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You are not speaking proudly now, you” or “You are not proud now, you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 38 fub2 figs-rquestion 0 you who said, ‘Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?’ Zebul is quoting Gaal’s boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “you who said that we should not serve Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG 9 38 qdj1 figs-rquestion 0 Are these not the men you despised? Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Here are the men that you despised.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 9 38 u392 0 despised strongly disliked or hated
JDG 9 39 h55i 0 Gaal See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG 9 40 p7lv figs-idiom 0 Many fell with deadly wounds This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “And many men died of wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 9 41 y21z translate-names 0 Arumah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 41 q5ep 0 Zebul This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
JDG 9 41 f6ud 0 Gaal This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG 9 42 em2h figs-activepassive 0 this was reported to Abimelech If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone reported this to Abimelech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 9 43 rm73 translate-numbers 0 divided them into three units “separated them into 3 groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 43 e8ph 0 they set an ambush in the fields Alternate translation: “they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise”
JDG 9 43 l12e figs-synecdoche 0 he attacked Here “he” refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 9 44 h6g9 0 the units Alternate translation: “the groups of soldiers”
JDG 9 44 a246 translate-numbers 0 other two “other 2” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 45 e7uy figs-synecdoche 0 Abimelech fought … He tore down Here “Abimelech” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Abimelech and his soldiers fought … They tore down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 9 45 ch7p figs-metonymy 0 against the city Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “against the people of Shechem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 45 zi77 0 tore down Alternate translation: “demolished”
JDG 9 45 t928 figs-explicit 0 spread salt over it “spread salt over the land.” Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 9 46 lty1 figs-metonymy 0 the house Here this represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 9 46 kw6q translate-names 0 El-Berith The word “El” means “god.” This is the same false god as “Baal-Berith” in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 47 hnv1 figs-activepassive 0 Abimelech was told If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 9 48 h1s8 translate-names 0 Mount Zalmon This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 49 thc7 0 piled This means to stack the branches into a large heap.
JDG 9 49 f9xs translate-numbers 0 about a thousand men “about 1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 50 jh8f translate-names 0 Thebez This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 9 50 nyj8 0 encamped against Thebez Alternate translation: “camped outside the city of Thebez”
JDG 9 52 jgq2 0 fought against it Alternate translation: “attacked it”
JDG 9 53 z9j6 0 upper millstone Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them.
JDG 9 54 vm49 0 armor-bearer This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech.
JDG 9 54 is1h 0 pierced him through This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech.
JDG 9 56 h9fb translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 9 57 fx65 figs-idiom 0 made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads “Evil turn back on their heads” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 9 57 hua1 figs-idiom 0 on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 9 57 q7dp 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 10 intro zqn2 0 # Judges 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Jephthah ([Judges 10-12](./01.md)).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s punishment<br>In Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
JDG 10 1 g7ww translate-names 0 Tola … Puah … Dodo These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 10 1 ti4g translate-names 0 Shamir This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 10 1 lxh7 0 arose to deliver Israel Alternate translation: “came to deliver Israel” or “became the leader to deliver Israel”
JDG 10 1 i5f3 figs-metonymy 0 deliver Israel Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 2 m2fd 0 He judged Israel Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
JDG 10 2 m93u translate-numbers 0 twenty-three years “23 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 10 2 unp5 figs-activepassive 0 was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 10 3 f3wi figs-activepassive 0 He was followed by Jair the Gileadite If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jair the Gileadite was leader after Tola” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 10 3 m9uk translate-names 0 Jair This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 10 3 j6fm 0 the Gileadite Jair was from the tribe of Gilead.
JDG 10 3 fmn8 0 He judged Israel Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
JDG 10 3 d5gs figs-metonymy 0 Israel Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 3 ezp7 translate-numbers 0 twenty-two years “22 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 10 4 i1hv translate-numbers 0 thirty sons “30 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 10 4 vb1y translate-names 0 Havvoth Jair This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 10 4 h644 0 to this day This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written.
JDG 10 5 t8ka figs-activepassive 0 was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 10 5 s19j translate-names 0 Kamon This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 10 6 lj2d figs-metaphor 0 added to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh This speaks of evil as if it were an object that a person could add to and make bigger. Alternate translation: “continued doing what Yahweh said was evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 6 ki1z figs-metaphor 0 in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 6 p7j4 0 Ashtoreths This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:13](../02/13.md).
JDG 10 6 r515 figs-parallelism 0 They abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him The author basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. These can be combined. Alternate translation: “They completely stopped worshiping Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 10 6 p6q5 figs-metaphor 0 They abandoned Yahweh No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 7 zf61 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh burned with anger toward Israel Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if anger were a burning fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was very angry at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 7 f4v2 figs-metaphor 0 he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 7 aj5n figs-metonymy 0 into the hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 8 psa9 figs-doublet 0 crushed and oppressed These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. Alternate translation: “terribly oppressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG 10 8 q2ml translate-numbers 0 eighteen years “18 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 10 8 msz6 0 who were beyond the Jordan This means on the east side of the Jordan River.
JDG 10 8 b5w4 0 which is in Gilead Alternate translation: “this region is also called Gilead”
JDG 10 9 wq6g figs-metonymy 0 Judah … Benjamin “Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people belonging to those tribes. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Judah … the people of the tribe of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 9 nt9c figs-metonymy 0 house of Ephraim The “house” refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 9 gl3b figs-metonymy 0 so that Israel was greatly distressed “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Israel suffered much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 10 lda9 0 the people of Israel called out to Yahweh This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help.
JDG 10 10 b8t5 figs-metaphor 0 because we abandoned our God The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 10 t38a figs-123person 0 abandoned our God The people are speaking to Yahweh and refer to him as “our God.” This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “abandoned you, our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG 10 12 lf73 figs-rquestion 0 and also from the Sidonians? God is rebuking the people of Israel for their worship of other gods. The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Did I not deliver you” in verse 11 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who delivered you … and also from the Sidonians.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 10 12 w39a translate-names 0 Maonites These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 10 12 e4ml figs-metonymy 0 from their power Here “power” represents the Amalekites and the Maonites. Alternate translation: “from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 13 p759 figs-metaphor 0 you abandoned me again The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 10 13 zdy2 figs-idiom 0 I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you The phrase “keep adding to the times” is an idiom that means to continue to do something. You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Yahweh’s saying. Alternate translation: “I will not keep on delivering you again and again” or “You can be sure that I will stop delivering you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 10 16 i2l8 figs-explicit 0 foreign gods among them You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “foreign gods whose images they possessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 10 16 m6hd figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh could bear Israel’s misery no longer Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 18 j3k2 0 Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites? Alternate translation: “Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?”
JDG 11 intro q7si 0 # Judges 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jephthah the leader<br><br>Jephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them.
JDG 11 1 yk6s translate-names 0 Gileadite This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father’s name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 2 r35b 0 When his wife’s sons grew up Alternate translation: “When the sons of Gilead’s wife became adults”
JDG 11 3 aw1r translate-names 0 the land of Tob Tob is the name of a region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 3 f5ze 0 they traveled with him Alternate translation: “they followed him” or “they went everywhere together”
JDG 11 4 cn67 0 Some days later Alternate translation: “Some time later”
JDG 11 4 s6ku figs-idiom 0 made war against Israel The phrase “made war” is an idiom which means that they attacked Israel and were at war with them. Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “attacked the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 11 6 b37n 0 that we may fight with Alternate translation: “so that we can fight against”
JDG 11 7 f7vj figs-metonymy 0 my father’s house Here “house” refers to people living in the house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 11 8 ph3x figs-explicit 0 That is why we are turning to you now The word “that” refers to what Jephthah said about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are turning to you now because we are in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 8 uem9 0 fight with the people of Ammon Alternate translation: “fight against the people of Ammon”
JDG 11 11 hf4c figs-doublet 0 leader and commander These two words basically have the same meaning repeated to emphasize how important Jephthah had became. You can combine the two words. Alternate translation: “commander” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG 11 11 v6uq figs-idiom 0 When he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made This is an idiom. Here the phrase “before Yahwheh” means that he repeated his promises as a vow before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When Jephthah was in Mizpah he repeated all of these promises as a vow before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 11 w6mk 0 all the promises he made This refers to the promises he made to the leaders of Gilead about becoming their leader.
JDG 11 12 ybt9 0 What is this conflict between us “Why is there conflict between us?” Jephthah is asking the king why they are angry with Israel.
JDG 11 12 su7k figs-synecdoche 0 Why have you come with force to take our land The word “you” refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Why have your soldiers come to seize our land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 12 hwk4 0 come with force to take Alternate translation: “come to forcefully take”
JDG 11 13 qdz6 translate-names 0 Arnon … Jabbok These are the names of two rivers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 13 ps71 0 over to the Jordan Alternate translation: “on the other side of the Jordan River”
JDG 11 13 tsw4 0 in peace Alternate translation: “peacefully” or “and do not try to defend them”
JDG 11 15 i4ns figs-explicit 0 he said Here the word “he” refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word “they” as in the UST, referring to the group of messengers. Alternate translation: “Jephthah told the messengers to say” or “they said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 16 e7sj figs-idiom 0 they came up from Egypt Whenever people traveled to the promised land it is referred to as going “up” to the promised land. When the Israelites left Egypt they were on their way to the promised land. Alternate translation: “they left Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 17 je4p 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG 11 17 tn6f figs-synecdoche 0 When Israel sent messengers The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 17 kl4c 0 pass through Alternate translation: “go through” or “cross”
JDG 11 17 v8aa figs-idiom 0 would not listen This phrase is an idiom that means to “refuse.” Alternate translation: “refused” or “denied their request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 17 q2mz figs-explicit 0 They also sent messengers to the king of Moab The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 17 x2ue figs-explicit 0 but he refused The king of Moab refused Israel’s request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 18 el82 0 Arnon This is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
JDG 11 19 msq6 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG 11 19 ur8x figs-synecdoche 0 Israel sent messengers to Sihon The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 19 j2t5 translate-names 0 Sihon This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 19 pyu6 translate-names 0 Heshbon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 20 mn9x translate-names 0 Jahaz This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 20 ew16 figs-explicit 0 But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 20 d9ga figs-synecdoche 0 there he fought The word “he” refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “there they fought” or “there his army fought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 21 sf5x 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG 11 21 fsk6 0 Sihon See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
JDG 11 21 vp7w figs-metonymy 0 gave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel Here “hand” refers to power to defeat in battle. Alternate translation: “gave Israel power over Sihon and all his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 11 22 ce2e 0 Arnon … Jabbok See how you translated the names of these rivers in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
JDG 11 23 v22e 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG 11 23 ru3n figs-rquestion 0 should you now take possession of their land? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with this rhetorical question. The word “their” refers to the Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, you should not take possession of their land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 24 nr59 figs-rquestion 0 Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 24 bcm5 figs-idiom 0 take over This is an idiom which means to take control of something. Alternate translation: “take control of” or “take possession of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 24 z3zh translate-names 0 Chemosh This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 25 wln3 figs-rquestion 0 Now are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not better than Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 25 fk7m translate-names 0 Balak … Zippor These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 25 giw3 figs-rquestion 0 Did he dare to have an argument with Israel? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 25 k8y5 figs-rquestion 0 Did he ever wage war against them? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Nor did he ever wage war against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 26 pty2 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG 11 26 t5g4 translate-numbers 0 three hundred years “300 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 11 26 pu9w 0 Heshbon Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
JDG 11 26 c2xi translate-names 0 Aroer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 26 h61t figs-rquestion 0 why then did you not take them back during that time? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should have taken them back during that time.” or “now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 11 27 aei3 figs-synecdoche 0 I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. Alternate translation: “The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 27 n4fk figs-idiom 0 done you wrong … doing me wrong This is an idiom. To do someone wrong means to do something wrong to them. Alternate translation: “treated you wrongly … treating me wrongly” or “treated you unfairly … treating me unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 29 p2lw figs-idiom 0 the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah This is an idiom which means that the Spirit influenced Jephthah’s decisions. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took control of Jephthah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 29 dq1c figs-explicit 0 he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 31 kh4e figs-idiom 0 I will offer it up This is an idiom which means to give something as an offering. Alternate translation: “I will offer it to you” or “I will sacrifice it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 32 wr1n figs-synecdoche 0 So Jephthah passed through … Yahweh gave him victory Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate translation: “So Jephthah and his army passed through … Yahweh gave them victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 33 rt2j figs-synecdoche 0 He attacked Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself (verse 32). Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 11 33 dl1t 0 Aroer Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 11:26](../11/26.md).
JDG 11 33 pfq6 translate-names 0 Minnith … Abel Keramim These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 33 i18j translate-numbers 0 twenty cities “including 20 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 11 34 ng9v translate-unknown 0 tambourines musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JDG 11 35 md3n translate-symaction 0 he tore his clothes This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. Alternate translation: “he tore his clothes from grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 11 35 puu2 figs-parallelism 0 You have crushed me with sorrow … you have become one who causes me pain Jephthah said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 11 35 qi6c figs-metaphor 0 You have crushed me with sorrow Here Jephthah speaks of his great sorrow as something that crushes him. Alternate translation: “You have caused me great sorrow” or “You have filled me with sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 11 35 dvs5 figs-metaphor 0 you have become one who causes me pain Here Jephthah talks about his great distress and trouble as if it were pain. Alternate translation: “you have become someone who troubles me” or “you cause me great distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 11 35 gvy5 figs-idiom 0 I cannot turn back on my promise This is an idiom. To turn back on a promise means to not do what you have promised to do. Alternate translation: “I must do what I have promised” or “I cannot break my promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 11 36 e6gu figs-explicit 0 has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 11 37 hj6q figs-activepassive 0 Let this promise be kept for me This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “Keep this promise for me” or “Keep this promise concerning me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 11 37 dh7s 0 grieve over my virginity Alternate translation: “weep because I am a virgin” or “cry because I will never be married”
JDG 11 39 n4my figs-euphemism 0 had never known a man This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had never had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 11 40 s739 0 the Gileadite This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md).
JDG 12 intro p8zn 0 # Judges 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Shibboleth<br><br>This is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
JDG 12 1 mp3k figs-abstractnouns 0 A call went out to the men of Ephraim If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **call**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The men of Ephraim were called together” or “The men … of Ephraim called together their soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 12 1 ubq3 translate-names 0 Zaphon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 12 1 hh1l 0 passed through … pass through or “traveled through … travel” or “journeyed through … journey”
JDG 12 1 lt7l figs-idiom 0 We will burn your house down over you This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. Alternate translation: “We will burn your house down with you still in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 12 2 fsb1 figs-you 0 When I called you, you Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JDG 12 2 nxf4 figs-synecdoche 0 did not rescue me Jephthah uses the word “me” to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. Alternate translation: “do not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 12 3 s3v2 figs-you 0 you did not rescue me The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “you did not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 12 3 zev7 figs-idiom 0 I put my life in my own hand This is an idiom which means to risk one’s life and to rely only on one’s own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. Alternate translation: “We risked our lives, relying on our own strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 12 3 u5y7 figs-explicit 0 Yahweh gave me victory Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave us victory over them” or “Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 12 3 uje8 figs-you 0 Why have you come to fight against me The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “Why have you come to fight against us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 12 3 nt4r figs-explicit 0 passed through against the people of Ammon This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 12 4 by47 figs-synecdoche 0 he fought against Ephraim The word “he” refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. Alternate translation: “they fought against Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 12 4 y6zx figs-explicit 0 You Gileadites are fugitives You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. Alternate translation: “You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 12 4 p9f2 0 Gileadites people from Gilead
JDG 12 4 h3vl 0 in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh “in the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh” or “in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh.” Here “Ephraim” and “Manasseh” refer to regions and are named after the tribes which live there.
JDG 12 5 dcy5 0 to Ephraim Alternate translation: “to the land of Ephraim”
JDG 12 5 f8sh 0 The Gileadites captured Alternate translation: “The Gileadites controlled” or “The Gileadites occupied”
JDG 12 5 yc1p 0 fords These are places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow.
JDG 12 5 w1cc 0 Ephraimite person from the tribe of Ephraim
JDG 12 6 cee8 translate-transliterate 0 Shibboleth … Sibboleth These words have no meaning. Copy these words into your language, and make sure that the beginning of the words, that is the letters “Sh” and “S” are translated differently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
JDG 12 6 uc7k 0 pronounce the word Alternate translation: “make the sound of the word”
JDG 12 6 d82p translate-numbers 0 Forty-two thousand “42,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 12 6 c2bb figs-activepassive 0 Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They killed forty-two thousand Ephraimites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 12 7 v8rv figs-activepassive 0 Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jephthah the Gileadite died and they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 12 8 ha85 translate-names 0 Ibzan of Bethlehem This is the name of a man from Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 12 9 d515 figs-idiom 0 He gave away thirty daughters in marriage Here “give away … in marriage” is an idiom which means that he allowed his daughters to get married. Alternate translation: “He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 12 9 r2m9 figs-idiom 0 he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside The idiom “bring them in from the outside” means that he had women from other clans marry his sons. Alternate translation: “he arranged for thirty daughters of other men from outside of his clan to marry his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 12 10 jbg6 figs-activepassive 0 was buried at Bethlehem If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Bethlehem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 12 11 k8nx translate-names 0 Elon This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 12 11 jl6e 0 Zebulunite someone from the tribe of Zebulun
JDG 12 12 dn79 0 Aijalon Translate the name of this place the same way you did in [Judges 1:35](../01/35.md).
JDG 12 12 dzh4 figs-activepassive 0 was buried in Aijalon If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Aijalon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 12 13 x9gz translate-names 0 Abdon … Hillel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 12 13 z3n6 translate-names 0 Pirathon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 12 14 n7k2 figs-metonymy 0 They rode on seventy donkeys These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word “rode” is used instead of “owned.” Alternate translation: “They owned seventy donkeys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 12 14 ua8s translate-numbers 0 forty sons … thirty grandsons … seventy donkeys “40 sons…30 grandsons…70 donkeys (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 12 15 wqm2 translate-names 0 Pirathonite … Pirathon Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 13 intro eu67 0 # Judges 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Samson ([Judges 13-16](./01.md)).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Warning not to cut his hair<br><br>The angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson’s mother. Samson’s mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person’s hair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
JDG 13 1 acr5 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 1 g29r figs-metonymy 0 he gave them into the hand of the Philistines Here “hand” refers to power to gain victory in battle. Alternate translation: “he allowed the Philistines to defeat them” or “he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 13 1 jxd2 translate-numbers 0 forty years “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 13 2 y3dj translate-names 0 Zorah This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 13 2 l3wl 0 Danites people from the tribe of Dan
JDG 13 2 v9vw translate-names 0 Manoah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 13 3 a36u figs-idiom 0 give birth to a son This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 13 4 nfl8 figs-metaphor 0 anything unclean Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 5 q3p1 0 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
JDG 13 5 wb3h figs-metonymy 0 No razor will be used upon his head Here the word “head” refers to his hair. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one should ever cut his hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 13 5 lb1d 0 razor a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin
JDG 13 5 vq8h figs-explicit 0 a Nazirite to God This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 5 zui7 figs-metonymy 0 from the womb Here the word “womb” refers to the time before the child is born. Alternate translation: “from before he is born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 13 5 am6s figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the Philistines Here the word “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “the control of the Philistines” or “being under the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 13 6 djg9 figs-explicit 0 A man of God This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “A man that God sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 6 w3z3 figs-simile 0 his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible Here “terrible” means “frightening.” Alternate translation: “I was very afraid of him because he looked like an angel of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 13 7 n53c 0 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
JDG 13 7 p1sr figs-idiom 0 give birth to a son This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 13 7 s1qy figs-metaphor 0 any food that the law declares to be unclean Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 7 pd9a figs-explicit 0 a Nazirite to God This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 7 xct1 figs-merism 0 from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. Alternate translation: “all his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JDG 13 8 nb4i 0 Manoah See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
JDG 13 9 m96n figs-explicit 0 came to the woman You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the author’s words. Alternate translation: “came to Manoah’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 10 me6y 0 Look Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JDG 13 10 snn4 figs-explicit 0 The man This refers to the angel of God in [Judges 13:3](../13/03.md). This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the man of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 12 gti5 0 your words Alternate translation: “what you have said”
JDG 13 14 u67r figs-metonymy 0 anything that comes from the vines Here the angel refers to any food that grow on a vine as “coming” from the vine. Alternate translation: “anything that grows on a vine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 13 14 f8vu figs-metaphor 0 unclean Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 13:7](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 15 aw65 figs-explicit 0 prepare a young goat for you You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoah’s statement. Alternate translation: “cook a young goat for you to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 17 ut4y 0 your words come true Alternate translation: “what you have said comes true”
JDG 13 18 dsd7 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you ask my name? The angel asks this question as a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not ask me what my name is.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 13 18 rr96 figs-explicit 0 It is wonderful It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. Alternate translation: “It is too wonderful for you to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 19 lw91 figs-explicit 0 with the grain offering This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. Alternate translation: “with the grain offering required with it” or “with the grain offering to accompany it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 19 d2km 0 on the rock “on the altar.” The altar Manoah sacrificed the offering on was a rock.
JDG 13 19 pqv4 0 He did something Alternate translation: “The angel did something”
JDG 13 20 s8h8 0 the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar”
JDG 13 20 g2fz translate-symaction 0 lay facedown on the ground “lay with their faces to the ground.” This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG 13 21 yi5q 0 that he was the angel of Yahweh The word “he” refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen.
JDG 13 22 f9uz figs-explicit 0 We are sure to die, because we have seen God It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “God will cause us to die because we have seen him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 13 23 u22x figs-parallelism 0 He would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things Manoah’s wife said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “He would not have told us what he wanted us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 13 24 n565 0 the woman Alternate translation: “Manoah’s wife”
JDG 13 24 lz2q figs-idiom 0 gave birth to a son This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bore a son” or “had a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 13 24 ht9i 0 grew up Alternate translation: “became an adult” or “matured”
JDG 13 25 hmc1 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh’s Spirit began to stir him Here the way Yahweh’s Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit began to influence Samson” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 25 wnc2 translate-names 0 Mahaneh Dan … Eshtaol Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 13 25 x4d3 0 Zorah Translate the name of this town the same way you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
JDG 14 intro cl2d 0 # Judges 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Intermarriage<br><br>It was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson’s parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 14 1 bwa3 translate-names 0 Samson went down to Timnah The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 14 1 u7xb figs-euphemism 0 one of the daughters of the Philistines The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people” or “a Philistine girl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 14 2 b9h1 figs-idiom 0 Now get her for me to be my wife This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to become my wife” or “Make the arrangements for me to marry her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 3 lcb9 figs-rquestion 0 Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people? They ask this question to suggest that they could find Samson a wife among their own people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 14 3 x278 figs-euphemism 0 the daughters of your relatives The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among your relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 14 3 wj22 figs-rquestion 0 Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines? This question is asked to rebuke Samson. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind this question as a statement. you could make explicit the reason his parents do not want him to marry a Philistine. Alternate translation: “You really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 3 srv6 figs-idiom 0 Get her for me This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to be my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 3 r62c figs-explicit 0 she pleases me This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. “I am pleased by how beautiful she is” or “she is beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 4 ubq9 0 this matter This refers to Samson’s request to marry the Philistine woman.
JDG 14 4 k7hy 0 for he desired to create a conflict The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
JDG 14 5 d4lt translate-names 0 Samson went down to Timnah The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timnah was a city in the Sorek Valley. Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 14:1](../14/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 14 5 ty9r figs-idiom 0 And, look, there one of the young lions came up Here the word “look” is used to draw the readers attention to a surprising event that happens in the story. The phrase “came up” means that the lion came near him. Alternate translation: “Suddenly, a young lion came near him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 5 szi7 0 was roaring at him “threatened him.” This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something.
JDG 14 6 m9m5 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh’s Spirit suddenly came on him The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit made him very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 6 ryx9 0 tore … apart tore into two pieces
JDG 14 6 t92d figs-litotes 0 had nothing in his hand Here it states that he had nothing in his hand to emphasize that he was not holding a weapon. Alternate translation: “did not have a weapon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG 14 7 s2mj figs-explicit 0 she pleased Samson This means that he thought she was very beautiful. Alternate translation: “he was pleased by how beautiful she was” or “he thought she was very beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 8 d5v9 figs-idiom 0 he turned aside This means that he left his path to do something. Alternate translation: “he left the path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 8 ude7 0 carcass dead body
JDG 14 8 um8z figs-idiom 0 And, look, there was a swarm of bees Here the word “look” is used to draw the reader’s attention to something surprising that happens in the story. Alternate translation: “He found a swarm of bees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 8 y8ha 0 swarm large group of insects
JDG 14 9 u3ie 0 scraped up Alternate translation: “gathered up”
JDG 14 10 cm3z figs-idiom 0 Samson’s father went down to where the woman was The phrase “went down” is used to describe Timnah which is lower in elevation than where Samson’s father lives. Alternate translation: “Samson’s father went to where the woman lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 10 ugh2 figs-explicit 0 the custom of the young men It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. Alternate translation: “the custom of young men who were getting married” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 11 ff89 translate-numbers 0 thirty of their friends “30 of their friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 14 12 kh6c 0 riddle a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
JDG 14 12 a8er figs-idiom 0 can find it out This means to figure out the meaning of the riddle. Alternate translation: “can figure out its meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 12 fk4t translate-numbers 0 thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes “30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 14 12 ze1u 0 linen a type of cloth
JDG 14 13 yu1y figs-you 0 But if you cannot tell me Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the guests at the feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JDG 14 14 z49r 0 General Information: Samson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means.
JDG 14 14 j8sv 0 Out of the eater was something to eat Alternate translation: “Out of the eater came something to eat” or “Something to eat came out of something that eats”
JDG 14 14 mcm3 0 the eater The noun “eater” can be expressed as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the thing that eats”
JDG 14 14 hsz9 0 out of the strong was something sweet Alternate translation: “out of the strong came something sweet” or “Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong”
JDG 14 14 ck4e figs-nominaladj 0 the strong This refers to something that is strong. Alternate translation: “the strong thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JDG 14 14 bdu6 0 his guests Alternate translation: “the men at his feast”
JDG 14 14 mf31 figs-metaphor 0 could not find the answer Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. Alternate translation: “could not figure out the answer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 14 15 wrs2 translate-ordinal 0 the fourth day “day 4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG 14 15 w5dc 0 Trick mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
JDG 14 15 jx5r figs-metonymy 0 your father’s house This could mean: (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 14 15 t8sh figs-idiom 0 will burn up The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 15 si25 figs-rquestion 0 Did you invite us here in order to make us poor? They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 14 15 sg4i figs-explicit 0 to make us poor They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 16 hr3k figs-parallelism 0 All you do is hate me! You do not love me Samson’s wife basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You do not really love me at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 14 16 d72a 0 riddle a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
JDG 14 16 j4gp 0 Look here This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
JDG 14 16 zq8z figs-rquestion 0 if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 17 ejm7 0 during the seven days that their feast lasted This could mean: (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.”
JDG 14 17 rfq6 translate-ordinal 0 the seventh day “day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG 14 17 xid1 figs-idiom 0 she pressured him very much Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 18 ui6t figs-explicit 0 the men of the city This refers to Samson’s wife’s relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 18 mq6y translate-ordinal 0 the seventh day “day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG 14 18 vi1z figs-rquestion 0 What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion? This is the answer to the riddle. It may be written as a statement instead of as questions. If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding more information. Alternate translation: “Honey is sweet and a lion is strong.” or “Honey is sweet and it came out of a lion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 18 scv6 figs-metaphor 0 If you had not plowed with my heifer Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another person’s heifer to plow his field. Alternate translation: “If you had not used my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 14 18 cl8w 0 plowed To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds.
JDG 14 19 m2gz figs-idiom 0 came on Samson with power The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” or “made Samson very powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 14 19 ht3c translate-numbers 0 killed thirty of their men “killed 30 of their men” - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 14 19 kc4e 0 their men Alternate translation: “the men who lived there”
JDG 14 19 u2u5 0 plunder things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle
JDG 14 19 axx7 figs-explicit 0 their clothes These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. Alternate translation: “the sets of clothing that he had taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 14 19 ym43 0 Burning with anger Alternate translation: “Very angry”
JDG 14 19 d5ji 0 went up to his father’s house The phrase “went up” is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his father’s house is located.
JDG 14 20 hb14 figs-activepassive 0 Samson’s wife was given to his best friend If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his wife’s father gave her to his best friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 14 20 ibt7 0 best friend Alternate translation: “closest friend”
JDG 15 intro dn16 0 # Judges 15 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Samson’s strength<br><br>The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson’s power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
JDG 15 1 gn7w figs-idiom 0 He said to himself This refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “He thought to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 1 n6ml figs-explicit 0 I will go to my wife’s room Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will go to my wife’s room, so we may sleep together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 1 hmg4 figs-ellipsis 0 would not allow him to go in The phrase “her room” is understood from what Samson said to himself. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “would not permit him to go into her room” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG 15 2 f2qk figs-explicit 0 so I gave her to your friend This means that he gave her to be his friend’s wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “so I gave her to be married to your friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 2 pn1a figs-rquestion 0 is she not? He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hope you agree.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 15 2 ruf2 figs-explicit 0 Take her instead He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Take her to be your wife instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 3 b19a figs-explicit 0 I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 4 vl3y translate-numbers 0 three hundred foxes “300 foxes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 15 4 bxn9 0 foxes Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals.
JDG 15 4 g4ms 0 each pair a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails
JDG 15 4 l3z7 0 tail to tail Alternate translation: “by their tails”
JDG 15 4 b6p3 0 torches A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light.
JDG 15 5 p7mc 0 standing grain grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field
JDG 15 5 i6qn 0 stacked grain the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested
JDG 15 5 a7kw 0 orchards An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown.
JDG 15 6 mns7 0 the Timnite’s son-in-law The husband of a man’s daughter is a “son-in-law.”
JDG 15 6 r78s translate-names 0 Timnite This is a person from Timnah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 15 6 uk9a figs-explicit 0 took Samson’s wife and gave her to his friend Samson’s wife’s father gave her in marriage to Samson’s friend. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “took Samson’s wife and allowed her to marry Samson’s friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 6 hz8u figs-idiom 0 burned up The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 7 sj8e 0 said to them Alternate translation: “said to the Philistines”
JDG 15 7 k4eu 0 If this is what you do Alternate translation: “Because you have done this.”
JDG 15 8 x42b figs-synecdoche 0 he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh Here “hip and thigh” refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate translation: “He cut their bodies to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 15 8 m2qa figs-idiom 0 he went down Here the phrase “went down” does not likely mean that he changed elevation, but rather, it is a way to describe someone going to another place. Alternate translation: “he went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 8 xk3p 0 cave an opening in a hill or mountainside
JDG 15 8 yl63 0 cliff a high, rocky hill or mountainside
JDG 15 8 b6rw translate-names 0 Etam This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 15 9 g7cb 0 the Philistines came up … in Judah The phrase “came up” is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from.
JDG 15 9 fkh2 0 prepared for battle Alternate translation: “organized themselves for battle”
JDG 15 9 v6jw translate-names 0 Lehi This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 15 10 ut2q figs-explicit 0 do to him as he has done to us The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. Alternate translation: “kill him like he killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 15 11 y64p translate-numbers 0 three thousand men of Judah “3,000 men of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 15 11 ji18 0 cave in the cliff of Etam See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md).
JDG 15 11 k7fw figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us? The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. Alternate translation: “You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 15 11 td2d figs-explicit 0 They did to me, and so I have done to them Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They killed my wife, so I killed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 12 a6ty figs-metonymy 0 the hands of the Philistines Here “hands” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 15 13 nz1k figs-idiom 0 hand you over to them This means to cause someone to be under someone else’s control. Alternate translation: “give you to the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 13 m8g6 figs-explicit 0 up from the rock This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md). Here the words “up from” mean that they had brought him away from the cave. Alternate translation: “away from the cave in the large rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 14 dr4z figs-explicit 0 When he came Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. Alternate translation: “When they came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 14 xp7l 0 Lehi This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md).
JDG 15 14 w48h figs-idiom 0 came on him with power The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 14 nue5 figs-simile 0 The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. Alternate translation: “He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 15 14 d1fe 0 flax fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth
JDG 15 15 w6nt 0 a fresh jawbone This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set.
JDG 15 15 nb59 translate-numbers 0 a thousand men “1,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 15 16 dzp6 0 the jawbone of a donkey Alternate translation: “a donkey’s jawbone”
JDG 15 16 dm4v figs-explicit 0 heaps upon heaps This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 17 ra2d translate-names 0 Ramath Lehi This is the name of a place. It’s name means “Jawbone Hill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 15 18 ta26 0 was very thirsty Alternate translation: “needed water to drink”
JDG 15 18 t3wx figs-hyperbole 0 But now will I die of thirst and fall into … uncircumcised? This could mean: (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into … uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into … uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 15 18 h9yr figs-idiom 0 die of thirst This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 18 u4x9 figs-idiom 0 fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 19 c7pf 0 split open the hollow place “opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear.
JDG 15 19 c776 0 Lehi See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md)
JDG 15 19 rty1 figs-parallelism 0 his strength returned and he revived These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “he became strong again” or “he was revived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 15 19 r7ji translate-names 0 En Hakkore This is the name of a spring of water. The name means “spring of him who prayed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 15 19 k47v figs-idiom 0 it is at Lehi to this day This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase “to this day” refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 20 ru29 figs-explicit 0 in the days of the Philistines This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “during the time the Philistines controlled Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 20 l52v translate-numbers 0 for twenty years “for 20 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 16 intro u81n 0 # Judges 16 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Samson’s mistake<br><br>Samson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson’s only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.
JDG 16 1 l289 figs-euphemism 0 he went to bed with her The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 16 2 j859 translate-names 0 The Gazites were told The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 16 2 fyj2 0 The Gazites surrounded the place … they waited for him all night at the city gate This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.
JDG 16 2 lsy6 0 They kept silent all night This could mean: (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.”
JDG 16 3 iye2 0 until midnight Alternate translation: “until the middle of the night”
JDG 16 3 fv5x 0 its two posts These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts.
JDG 16 3 c2m4 0 bar and all The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars.
JDG 16 3 m4dx 0 shoulders the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body
JDG 16 3 yq6t translate-names 0 Hebron This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 16 4 itb4 translate-names 0 Valley of Sorek This is the name of a valley near Samson’s home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 16 5 c6wz 0 Trick to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
JDG 16 5 x4w2 figs-idiom 0 to see This is an idiom that means to learn something. Alternate translation: “to understand” or “to learn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 5 vq28 figs-idiom 0 where his great strength lies This is an idiom that refers to where his strength comes from. Alternate translation: “what causes him to be very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 5 y38x 0 by what means we may overpower him Alternate translation: “how we might overpower him”””
JDG 16 5 g3bg translate-numbers 0 1,100 pieces of silver “one thousand one hundred pieces of silver.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 16 6 r4hy figs-activepassive 0 bind you, so you might be controlled If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “bind you to control you” or “bind you to restrain you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 7 ae1p 0 fresh bowstrings Bowstrings were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. The words “fresh bowstrings” refer to those that come from a freshly slaughtered animal that have not yet dried.
JDG 16 7 z8ml figs-activepassive 0 that have not been dried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that have not yet dried” or “that are not dry yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 8 xv64 figs-activepassive 0 that had not been dried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that had not yet dried” or “that were not dry yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 8 xt1g 0 she tied Samson up with them Alternate translation: “Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings”
JDG 16 9 n6px writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 16 9 by3q figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 9 sy3a figs-simile 0 he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire The author describes how easily he broke the bowstrings by comparing them to how yarn breaks when it is burned. Alternate translation: “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if he were breaking burned yarn” or “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if they were made of thin yarn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 16 10 x2km figs-parallelism 0 This is how you have deceived me and told me lies. Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “You have greatly deceived me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 16 10 e5iw 0 you can be overpowered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you”
JDG 16 12 vpr3 figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 12 rnx9 figs-idiom 0 lying in wait This means that they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. Alternate translation: “waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 12 j7zp figs-simile 0 like they were a piece of thread The author describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to him breaking a piece of thread. Alternate translation: “as easily as if they were only a piece of thread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 16 13 hg41 figs-parallelism 0 you have deceived me and told me lies Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “you have greatly deceived me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG 16 13 t97z figs-activepassive 0 you may be overpowered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 13 s6f3 0 weave crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place
JDG 16 13 h8x3 0 locks of my hair small bunches of hair
JDG 16 13 c2e8 0 fabric cloth made from weaving material together
JDG 16 13 wv5v translate-unknown 0 loom a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JDG 16 13 gkr7 0 then nail that to the loom Alternate translation: “then nail the fabric to the loom”
JDG 16 13 pn2m 0 nail to hammer a nail in order to hold something in one place
JDG 16 13 w58a figs-explicit 0 I will be like any other man The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be as weak as any other man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 14 h61l figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 14 k9fi figs-explicit 0 he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 14 lc6p 0 the pin This is the wooden nail or peg used to fasten the fabric to the loom.
JDG 16 15 zzt1 figs-rquestion 0 How can you say, ‘I love you,’ when you do not share your secrets with me? Delilah asks this question to say that if Samson really loved her he would tell her his secrets. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “When you say ‘I love you,’ you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 16 16 s5ui figs-idiom 0 pressed him hard … pressured him Here the author speaks of how Delilah tries to persuade Samson as if she were putting pressure on him to convince him to tell her what she wants to know. Alternate translation: “tried hard to persuade him … kept trying to persuade him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 16 imn2 0 with her words Alternate translation: “by what she said to him”
JDG 16 16 iqa6 figs-hyperbole 0 that he wished he would die The author used a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize how miserable Sampson felt. Alternate translation: “that he was completely miserable” or “that he was very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 16 17 c8q9 figs-explicit 0 told her everything everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “told her the source of his strength” or “told her the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 17 y8xz 0 razor a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person’s skin
JDG 16 17 z2nf figs-explicit 0 a Nazirite for God This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 17 fhm4 figs-metonymy 0 from my mother’s womb Here “from my mother’s womb” refers to when he was born. This means that he has been a Nazirite since he was born. Alternate translation: “my entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 16 17 t2us figs-activepassive 0 If my head is shaved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone shaves my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 17 seg5 0 shaved to have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor
JDG 16 17 iq1l figs-personification 0 my strength will leave me Samson speaks about his strength as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “I will not be strong any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 16 18 m9zg figs-idiom 0 Delilah saw Here the word “saw” is a idiom that means to realize something. Alternate translation: “Delilah realized” or “Delilah learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 18 z2eu figs-explicit 0 the truth about everything Here the word “everything” refers to everything about why Samson was strong. Alternate translation: “the truth about why he is strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 18 x4mm 0 Come up again Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from.
JDG 16 18 ipi8 figs-explicit 0 bringing the silver in their hands This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. Alternate translation: “bringing the silver that they had promised to give her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 19 h2jg 0 She had him fall asleep Alternate translation: “She caused him to fall asleep”
JDG 16 19 x4y8 figs-explicit 0 in her lap This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with his head on her lap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 19 gjg3 0 lap The lap is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down.
JDG 16 19 vai4 figs-possession 0 the seven locks of his head Samson had seven locks of hair on his head. Locks are small bunches of hair. Here his locks of hair are described as “belonging” to his head. Alternate translation: “the seven locks of hair on his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
JDG 16 19 w8dj 0 subdue him Alternate translation: “control him”
JDG 16 19 qt31 figs-personification 0 his strength had left him Here Samson’s strength is described as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “his strength was gone” or “he was no longer strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 16 20 e9dj figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 20 jt7e 0 woke up Alternate translation: “awakened”
JDG 16 20 n31e 0 get out Alternate translation: “escape”
JDG 16 20 n47x figs-explicit 0 But he did not know that Yahweh had left him It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 21 ve9n figs-idiom 0 put out his eyes This means that they removed his eyes from his head. Alternate translation: “removed his eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 21 z2vv 0 down to Gaza The phrase “down to” is used here because they brought Samson to Gaza which is lower in elevation than his home where they captured him.
JDG 16 21 t7gr 0 bound him with bronze shackles Alternate translation: “chained him with bronze shackles” or “tied him up using bronze shackles”
JDG 16 21 t1sq 0 shackles locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both
JDG 16 21 mn74 0 turned the millstone Alternate translation: “pulled the millstone around in a circle”
JDG 16 21 ujq1 0 millstone This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it.
JDG 16 22 ru6p figs-activepassive 0 after it had been shaved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the Philistines had shaved it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 16 23 b13v translate-names 0 Dagon a major false god of the Philistines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 16 23 p125 0 has conquered Alternate translation: “has defeated”
JDG 16 23 ekg1 figs-metaphor 0 put him in our grasp Here the author speak of Samson being under the rulers’ control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. Alternate translation: “put him under our control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 16 24 ums1 0 the destroyer of our country This refers to Samson. The word “destroyer” can be expressed with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “the man who has destroyed our country”
JDG 16 24 y4qk figs-synecdoche 0 who killed many of us Here the word “us” refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. Alternate translation: “who killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 16 25 hiy5 figs-explicit 0 Call for Samson … They called for Samson Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. Alternate translation: “Call for them to bring out Samson … They brought Samson” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 26 b8yg 0 the boy “the young man” This was not a young child, but rather a youth.
JDG 16 26 d2gs 0 Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests Alternate translation: “Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building”
JDG 16 27 fx8p writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 16 27 cp19 translate-numbers 0 three thousand men and women “3,000 men and women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 16 27 l6hc 0 looking on Alternate translation: “watching”
JDG 16 27 ulj6 0 while Samson was entertaining them It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him.
JDG 16 28 n4yh 0 called to Yahweh Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh”
JDG 16 28 ypq4 figs-idiom 0 call me to mind This means to remember him and his situation. Alternate translation: “remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 28 ld69 0 only this once Alternate translation: “one more time”
JDG 16 28 f2en figs-idiom 0 in one blow on the Philistines This idiom means that he wants to have one more powerful act against the Philistines to get full revenge for what they did to him. Alternate translation: “with one strike against the Philistine” or “in one powerful act against the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 16 29 dmd3 0 on which the building rested Alternate translation: “which held up the building”
JDG 16 30 mt5g figs-explicit 0 He stretched out with his strength When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. Alternate translation: “He used his strength to push down the pillars” or “He used his strength to push over the pillars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 30 i5lw figs-nominaladj 0 the dead This refers to people who are dead. Alternate translation: “the dead people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JDG 16 30 u7yd 0 were more Alternate translation: “were a greater amount”
JDG 16 31 rl5r figs-metonymy 0 all the house of his father Here the word “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “all of his father’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 16 31 jg6m 0 came down The phrase “came down” is used here because the place that Samson’s family traveled form was higher in elevation than Gaza.
JDG 16 31 na1k 0 Zorah … Eshtaol See how you translated the names of these places in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md) and [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
JDG 16 31 de6c 0 in the burial place of Manoah, his father Alternate translation: “where his father, Manoah, is buried”
JDG 16 31 i2d4 translate-names 0 Manoah See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 16 31 wv8z figs-explicit 0 Samson had judged Israel for twenty years This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/20.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. Alternate translation: “Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 31 vmv2 translate-numbers 0 twenty years “20 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 17 intro c454 0 # Judges 17 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idols and figures<br><br>According to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
JDG 17 1 rrp1 writing-participants 0 There was a man This is a way to introduce a new person to the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JDG 17 1 ke46 translate-names 0 Micah This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 17 2 c1x6 translate-numbers 0 1,100 pieces “one thousand one hundred pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 17 2 k7it figs-activepassive 0 that were taken from you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone stole from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 17 2 m56x 0 I stole it Alternate translation: “I was the one who took it”
JDG 17 3 z9j9 translate-numbers 0 1,100 pieces “one thousand one hundred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 17 3 p6yd figs-idiom 0 set apart This means to dedicate something to a specific purpose. Alternate translation: “dedicate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 17 3 sc6v 0 cast metal metal that has been melted and poured into a mold to form a special shape
JDG 17 3 ss9u 0 I restore it to you Alternate translation: “I give it back to you”
JDG 17 4 xsr8 translate-numbers 0 two hundred pieces of silver “200 pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 17 4 r9hl figs-activepassive 0 they were placed in the house of Micah The word “they” refers to the metal figures. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Micah placed them in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 17 5 f5zy figs-explicit 0 a house of idols This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a house for worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 17 6 mxx3 figs-metaphor 0 everyone did what was right in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “each person did what he decided was right” or “each person did what he judged to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 17 7 z9bc 0 of Bethlehem Alternate translation: “from Bethlehem”
JDG 17 7 u5wv figs-explicit 0 of the clan of Judah This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “who was living among the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 17 7 ktm7 0 He stayed there to fulfill his duties Alternate translation: “He lived and worked there”
JDG 17 8 pd1z 0 find a place to live Alternate translation: “find a different place to live”
JDG 17 9 u9x8 figs-explicit 0 where I might live It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. Alternate translation: “where I might live and have a job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 17 10 s5tz figs-metonymy 0 a father and a priest The word “father” is here used in the sense of an advisor, and not to a literal father. Alternate translation: “an advisor and a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 17 10 mw13 0 I will give you ten pieces of silver a year Alternate translation: “I will give you ten pieces of silver each year”
JDG 17 10 j73e 0 a suit of clothes Alternate translation: “a set of clothes”
JDG 17 10 tm7m figs-explicit 0 So the Levite went into his house It is implied that the Levite accepted Micah’s offer, and therefore, entered Micah’s house. Alternate translation: “So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 17 11 mvs9 figs-simile 0 the young man became to Micah like one of his sons The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. Alternate translation: “the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 17 12 t9an figs-idiom 0 Micah set apart the Levite Here “set apart” means that Micah “dedicated” or “ordained” him. Alternate translation: “Micah dedicated the Levite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 17 12 s6d6 figs-metonymy 0 was in Micah’s house Here living in Micah’s house is spoken of as “being” in his house. Alternate translation: “lived in Micah’s house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 18 intro y2ru 0 # Judges 18 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribe of Dan<br><br>The tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes’ victories. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])
JDG 18 1 d1r4 writing-newevent 0 In those days This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JDG 18 1 w9qn writing-background 0 In those days … from among the tribes of Israel This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 18 1 g4f2 figs-explicit 0 not received any inheritance from This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. Alternate translation: “not received a land inheritance from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 18 2 f83t figs-metonymy 0 from the whole number of their tribe The phrase “the whole number” refers to all of the men in the tribe. Alternate translation: “from among all of the men in their tribe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 18 2 j6xd 0 experienced warriors Alternate translation: “experienced fighters”
JDG 18 2 jv96 0 Zorah See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
JDG 18 2 cgy7 0 Eshtaol See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
JDG 18 2 wg6e figs-idiom 0 to scout the land on foot The phrase “on foot” means to walk. Alternate translation: “to scout the land by walking through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 18 2 bt98 0 Micah See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 17:1](../17/01.md).
JDG 18 3 c2tl figs-metonymy 0 they recognized the speech of the young Levite They recognized the man by the sound of his voice. Here “speech” refers to his “voice.” Alternate translation: “they heard the young Levite talking, and they recognized his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 18 7 i57p translate-names 0 Laish This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 18 7 a8c9 0 There was no one who conquered Alternate translation: “There were no enemies living in their land who had conquered them”
JDG 18 7 ch81 0 had no dealings with anyone “had no contact with any outsiders.” This means they lived far enough away from any other city that they lived secluded from other people.
JDG 18 8 f5il 0 Zorah Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
JDG 18 8 lih2 0 Eshtaol Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
JDG 18 9 zpe9 figs-rquestion 0 Are you doing nothing? This rhetorical question is asked sarcastically and means that they should be doing the opposite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should be acting now!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JDG 18 9 n8um figs-doublenegatives 0 Do not be slow to attack These two negative words “not” and “slow” together emphasize the positive idea to attack quickly. Alternate translation: “Hurry! Attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JDG 18 10 r61z 0 the land is wide “the land is large.” This is a description of the size of the land.
JDG 18 10 ab9j figs-hyperbole 0 that does not lack anything in the land The men use a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that it is a very desirable place to live. Alternate translation: “where we will have everything there that we need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 18 10 aj2l figs-doublenegatives 0 that does not lack anything The two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “has everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JDG 18 11 b97l translate-numbers 0 Six hundred men “600 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 18 12 z66i translate-names 0 Kiriath Jearim This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 18 12 q4cf 0 Mahaneh Dan Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
JDG 18 12 f453 figs-idiom 0 to this day This means that something remains the same. It refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “and that is still its name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 18 14 l46p 0 Laish Translate the name of this town the same as you did in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
JDG 18 14 g3gr figs-rquestion 0 in these houses there are an ephod,…metal figure? Decide … will do The five men asked this question to suggest and encourage the men that they should steal the idols. This can be written as a statement, and the implied information may be given in a parenthetical phrase. Alternate translation: “these houses contain an ephod,…metal figure. (They were suggesting that the men steal these things.) Decide … will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 18 14 g8xi 0 in these houses there are Alternate translation: “in one of these house there is” or “among these houses is”
JDG 18 15 cx88 0 they turned in there Alternate translation: “they turned”
JDG 18 15 tf6m 0 they greeted him The word “him” refers to the Levite.
JDG 18 16 m84v translate-numbers 0 six hundred Danites “600 Danites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 18 17 a6nq translate-numbers 0 six hundred men “600 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 18 19 fje7 figs-rquestion 0 Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man … a clan in Israel? They ask this as a rhetorical question to imply that it is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is better for you to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel than for just the house of one man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 18 20 z2bp figs-synecdoche 0 The priest’s heart was glad Here the priest is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “The priest was glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 18 21 v31e figs-explicit 0 They put the small children in front of themselves They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. Alternate translation: “They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 18 21 t33e 0 they turned Alternate translation: “the Danites turned around”
JDG 18 22 p9e2 figs-idiom 0 a good distance “some distance.” This refers a short distance but one that is long enough to be considered as measurable progress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 18 22 l34e figs-activepassive 0 the men who were in the houses near Micah’s house were called together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he called together the men who were in the houses near his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 18 22 vkf1 0 they caught up with the Danites This implies that they ran after them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “running after the Danites, they caught up with them”
JDG 18 23 c2k3 figs-rquestion 0 Why have you been called together? This question is a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have called your men together to chase us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 18 23 sbb8 figs-activepassive 0 been called together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “called these men together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 18 24 dy7i figs-metonymy 0 the gods that I made Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them. Alternate translation: “the gods which I had made for me” or “the gods which a craftsman made for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 18 24 edz2 figs-rquestion 0 What else do I have left? Micah asks this question to emphasize that he no longer has the things that are important to him. Alternate translation: “I have nothing left.” or “You have taken everything that is important to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 18 24 i1v2 figs-rquestion 0 How can you ask me, ‘What is bothering you?’ Micah asks this question to emphasize that the Danites definitely know what is bothering him. Alternate translation: “You know that I am greatly distressed!’” or “You know how much I am bothered by what you have done to me!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 18 25 yzy3 figs-metonymy 0 let us hear you say anything The phrase “us hear you say” refers to the Danites hearing Micah speaking about what had happened, but it also includes if they are told by others that Micah had spoken about what had happened. Alternate translation: “let us find out that you have said anything” or “say anything about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 18 25 pgt9 figs-explicit 0 hear you say anything The word “anything” refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micah’s house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “hear you say anything about this matter” or “hear you say anything about what has happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 18 25 fqe4 figs-activepassive 0 you and your family will be killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “kill you and your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 18 26 g59x figs-idiom 0 went their way This means that they continued on their journey. Alternate translation: “continued on their journey” or “continued travelling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 18 26 v6df figs-explicit 0 they were too strong for him This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. Alternate translation: “they were too strong for him and his men to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 18 27 k9py figs-metonymy 0 what Micah had made Micah did not make his gods, rather a craftsman made them for him. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the things that had been made for Micah” or “Micah’s things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 18 27 fw33 0 Laish See how you translated this in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
JDG 18 27 r1pv figs-synecdoche 0 with the edge of the sword “with their swords.” Here “the sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 18 28 p5rb 0 they had no dealings with anyone this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
JDG 18 28 vw28 translate-names 0 Beth Rehob This is a name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 18 30 z23n figs-explicit 0 Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The young Levite’s name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 18 30 myi7 figs-metaphor 0 until the day of the land’s captivity This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. Alternate translation: “until the day that their enemies conquered their land” or “until the day that their enemies took them captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 18 31 m78z figs-metonymy 0 that he made Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. Alternate translation: “that had been made for him” or “that his craftsman made for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 19 intro gj7f 0 # Judges 19 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The sin of Benjamin<br><br>People from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor’s wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
JDG 19 1 akh7 writing-newevent 0 In those days This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JDG 19 1 u1qs 0 remote far from where most people live
JDG 19 2 p37k figs-explicit 0 was unfaithful to him This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. Alternate translation: “began to sleep with other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 19 3 e9q8 0 His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys Alternate translation: “He took with him his servant and two donkeys”
JDG 19 4 bhr2 0 His father-in-law, the girl’s father, persuaded Alternate translation: “His father-in-law, that is, the girl’s father, persuaded” or “The girl’s father persuaded”
JDG 19 4 v2kw 0 persuaded him to stay Alternate translation: “spoke to him so he decided to stay”
JDG 19 5 in6x 0 he prepared the Levite prepared
JDG 19 5 kp5g figs-synecdoche 0 Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread Here “bread” refers to “food.” Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 19 6 j88k 0 Please be willing to spend the night Alternate translation: “Please stay another night”
JDG 19 8 a9ur figs-metonymy 0 Strengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon The father-in-law is suggesting that he strengthen himself by eating. He is also asking him to wait until the afternoon to leave. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel, and wait until afternoon to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 19 9 lvj4 0 now the day is advancing toward evening Alternate translation: “the day is almost over” or “it is almost evening”
JDG 19 10 amf9 0 that is Jerusalem Alternate translation: “which was later called Jerusalem”
JDG 19 11 l8er figs-idiom 0 Come, let us This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 11 k4l3 figs-idiom 0 turn aside to This means to take a break from their journey and stop somewhere along the route. Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 12 yc4v figs-idiom 0 turn aside into This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 13 mke2 figs-idiom 0 Come, let us This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 15 fgr6 figs-idiom 0 turned aside This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 15 bqt5 0 the city square the marketplace where people gathered during the day
JDG 19 15 w9ny figs-idiom 0 took them into his house This phrase means for someone to invite them to spend the night in their home. Alternate translation: “invited them to stay in their house for that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 16 z1l2 0 Benjamites A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG 19 17 lsd3 figs-metaphor 0 He raised his eyes Here the man looked up and paid attention to what was around him. Alternate translation: “He looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 19 17 h3nh 0 the city square the marketplace where people gathered during the day. See how you translated this in [Judges 19:14](../19/14.md).
JDG 19 18 jzg4 figs-idiom 0 who will take me into his house This phrase refers to someone inviting other people into his house to spend the night there. Alternate translation: “who has invited me to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 18 c5ti figs-synecdoche 0 will take me Here the Levite says “me,” but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. Alternate translation: “will take us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 19 19 he3w figs-activepassive 0 there is bread and wine Change to active voice. Alternate translation: “we have plenty of bread and wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 19 19 gw93 figs-123person 0 me and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants The Levite speaks of himself and the others as servants and in the third person to show respect. Alternate translation: “me, my concubine, and my servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG 19 19 w8hb figs-litotes 0 We lack nothing This can be written as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “We have everything we need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG 19 20 ep3p 0 Only do not “Do not.” The word “only” is used here to emphasize what he did not want the Levite to do.
JDG 19 20 jm1p 0 square This refers to the city square. See how you translated this [Judges 19:17](../19/17.md).
JDG 19 21 z5ah figs-idiom 0 brought the Levite into his house This means that he invited the Levite to spend the night in his house. Also, by inviting the Levite he was inviting the man’s concubine and servant as well. Alternate translation: “invited the Levite and his servants to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 19 22 dx6j figs-idiom 0 they were making their hearts glad The phrase “making their hearts glad” is an idiom that means to have a good time with someone else. Alternate translation: “they were have a good time together” or “they were enjoying themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 22 q1dh 0 some men of … surrounded the house Some men stood on all sides of the house.
JDG 19 24 k4nm 0 See This word is used to get the peoples’ attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JDG 19 25 lk3t figs-metaphor 0 the men would not listen to him Here the author speaks of “agreeing” as if it were “listening.” Alternate translation: “the men would not accept his offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 19 25 ty8i 0 the man seized his concubine there could be confusion as to the identity of the man. Alternate translation: “the Levite seized his concubine”
JDG 19 25 d28f 0 at dawn “when the sun was coming up” or “at first light” This refers to when the sun begins to rise.
JDG 19 26 irp4 figs-idiom 0 it was light This refers to morning when it is bright outside. Alternate translation: “the sun was fully risen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 28 gk5s figs-explicit 0 But there was no answer The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But she did not answer because she was dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 19 29 r79a figs-idiom 0 limb by limb “section by section.” The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. “Limbs” refers to a person’s arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 29 fx7u translate-numbers 0 twelve pieces “12 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 19 29 xd3i figs-explicit 0 sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel This means that he sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. Alternate translation: “sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 20 intro lla1 0 # Judges 20 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Benjamin destroyed<br><br>The army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant.
JDG 20 1 wg4p figs-simile 0 as one man This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 20 1 jp6a figs-merism 0 from Dan to Beersheba This refers to the land as a whole. Alternate translation: “from all the eleven tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JDG 20 2 ze7s 0 God—400,000 men on foot Alternate translation: “God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came”
JDG 20 2 hzs8 0 ready to fight “capable of going to war.” They were not going to fight each other.
JDG 20 3 sl7g 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew.
JDG 20 3 x8r4 0 had gone up to Mizpah Mizpah was located high in the mountains.
JDG 20 4 sa27 0 to spend the night Alternate translation: “for the night” or “to stay for a night”
JDG 20 6 gkc4 figs-hendiadys 0 wickedness and outrage The word “outrage” describes the “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “outrageous wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JDG 20 7 h9h3 0 Now This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite.
JDG 20 7 wp5t figs-doublet 0 give your advice and counsel here The words “advice” and “counsel” refer to the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “decide what we need to do about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG 20 8 s9g2 figs-simile 0 as one This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. They all acted together in exactly the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 20 8 s835 figs-parallelism 0 None of us will go to his tent … none of us will return to his house These two clauses say basically the same thing twice for emphasis. They can be combined. The words “none … go” and “none … return” emphasizes how the people will continue to stay there. They can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will all stay here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG 20 9 xy7l 0 But now These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation.
JDG 20 9 l369 0 as the lot directs This involved tossing or rolling small marked stones to determine what God wants.
JDG 20 10 wsa9 translate-numbers 0 ten men of a hundred … one hundred of a thousand … one thousand of ten thousand “10 men out of 100…100 out of 1,000…1,000 out of 10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 10 mm9k 0 provisions food and other things the people need
JDG 20 11 wfs1 0 assembled against the city Alternate translation: “came together to attack the city”
JDG 20 13 m9f5 figs-idiom 0 put them to death This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them” or “execute them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 13 n1zx figs-metonymy 0 the voice of their brothers Here “voice” refers to the message that they spoke. Alternate translation: “what their brother said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 20 15 s9ku translate-numbers 0 twenty-six thousand “26,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 15 g1vk translate-numbers 0 seven hundred “700” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 16 a8xm 0 left-handed A left-handed person is someone who is more skilled with their left hand than with their right hand.
JDG 20 16 u1tj 0 could sling a stone at a hair and not miss This show how amazingly well they could aim and hit their target. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “could throw a stone at even a hair and hit it” or “could throw a stone at something as small as a hair and hit it”
JDG 20 17 apy5 0 not counting Alternate translation: “not including”
JDG 20 17 g8sz translate-numbers 0 400,000 “four hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 18 w2v7 0 asked for advice from God Alternate translation: “asked God what to do” or “asked God how to continue”
JDG 20 19 k8jq 0 moved their camp near Gibeah There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight.
JDG 20 21 vj4c translate-numbers 0 twenty-two thousand “22,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 22 cr9j figs-idiom 0 strengthened themselves Here “strengthened” is an idiom that means they encouraged each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 22 wb6t 0 they formed the battle line This probably means that the Israelites prepared their battle lines for the next day’s fighting. Alternate translation: “they got ready to fight the next day”
JDG 20 23 cpc2 0 they sought direction from Yahweh The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine God’s will.
JDG 20 25 t59r translate-numbers 0 eighteen thousand “18,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 26 y97x 0 before Yahweh Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence” or “to Yahweh”
JDG 20 27 usm6 writing-background 0 for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 20 27 cs7a 0 was there in those days Alternate translation: “was at Bethel in those days”
JDG 20 28 ly8e writing-background 0 and Phinehas … was serving before the ark in those days This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 20 28 d9ma figs-explicit 0 was serving before the ark The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “was serving as priest before the ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 20 28 w427 figs-explicit 0 Attack The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Attack the army of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 20 29 f7uq figs-metonymy 0 Israel set men Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 20 29 k5i5 0 secret places Alternate translation: “in ambush”
JDG 20 31 t9eh figs-explicit 0 fought against the people The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 20 31 d8me figs-activepassive 0 they were drawn away from the city If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel drew them away from the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 20 31 z77c figs-explicit 0 They began to kill some of the people The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 20 32 e81w 0 just as at first Alternate translation: “just as before” or “just like the first two times”
JDG 20 33 a2ik translate-names 0 Baal Tamar This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 20 33 swx2 translate-names 0 Maareh Gibeah This is the name of a place. Other translations may read “fields of Gibeah” or “west of Gibeah” or “Maareh Geba.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 20 34 de7z translate-numbers 0 ten thousand “10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 34 wk8a figs-idiom 0 chosen men This is an idiom that means these were particularly good soldiers. Alternate translation: “well-trained soldier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 34 p4k5 figs-metaphor 0 disaster was close to them Here immanent disaster is spoken of as if it was standing very close by them. Alternate translation: “they would soon be completely defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 20 35 bt91 translate-numbers 0 25,100 men “twenty-five thousand one hundred men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 36 mrd4 writing-background 0 The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men … outside Gibeah From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 20 36 i3ru figs-idiom 0 had given ground to Benjamin This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. Alternate translation: “had allowed Benjamin to move forward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 36 sq9e figs-idiom 0 they were counting on the men This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 39 t29b 0 would turn from the battle Alternate translation: “would retreat from the fight”
JDG 20 39 vbr9 figs-activepassive 0 they are defeated before us If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we have defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 20 41 ltm1 0 disaster great harm, trouble, misery
JDG 20 41 jg8p figs-idiom 0 come on them This idiom means it happened to them. Alternate translation: “happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 20 42 pdp2 figs-personification 0 But the fighting overtook them This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them” or “But they were not able to escape the fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG 20 43 xh56 translate-names 0 Nohah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 20 43 cis4 figs-metaphor 0 trampled them down The completed destruction of the Benjamites is spoken of as if the Israelites stomped on their bodies. Alternate translation: “they completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 20 44 jd79 translate-numbers 0 eighteen thousand “18,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 44 c8tw 0 were distinguished in battle Alternate translation: “had fought bravely in the battle”
JDG 20 45 akn8 0 They turned and fled Alternate translation: “The remaining Benjamites turned and fled”
JDG 20 45 e3cs translate-numbers 0 five thousand … two thousand “5,000…2,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 45 y3ry translate-names 0 Gidom This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 20 46 d674 translate-numbers 0 twenty-five thousand “25,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 47 h1ci translate-numbers 0 six hundred “600” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 20 48 h7m3 0 turned back against the people of Benjamin These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city.
JDG 20 48 l4rw figs-metonymy 0 the city Here “the city” refers to the people in that city. Alternate translation: “everyone who was in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 20 48 ue39 figs-idiom 0 in their path This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. Alternate translation: “they came to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 21 intro bf76 0 # Judges 21 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin and immorality<br><br>At the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, “everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
JDG 21 1 w65e writing-background 0 Now the men of Israel had made a promise … marry a Benjamite.” This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 21 1 rw2t 0 Benjamite This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG 21 3 q8cb figs-rquestion 0 Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today? The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 21 5 xs35 0 The people of Israel said, “Which of all the tribes of Israel did not come up in the assembly to Yahweh?” The people are referring back to the assembly of the Israelites at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites.
JDG 21 5 p72f writing-background 0 For they had made an important promise concerning anyone who did not come up to Yahweh at Mizpah. They said, “He would certainly be put to death.” This is background information to explain to the reader the promise that the Israelites had made at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 21 5 flc8 figs-activepassive 0 He would certainly be put to death Here “He” refers to anyone who did not go to Mizpah. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 21 6 yb7g figs-metaphor 0 their brother Benjamin This speaks of the tribe of Benjamin as if it were Israel’s brother to show their closeness to the tribe. Alternate translation: “the surviving Benjamites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 21 6 j93p figs-metaphor 0 one tribe has been cut off from Israel The destruction of the tribe of Benjamin is spoken of as if it had been cut off from Israel by a knife. This was an exaggeration because 600 men were still left. However, the women of Benjamin had been killed, so the future of the tribe was in question. Alternate translation: “one tribe has been removed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 21 7 dms9 0 Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters? The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that.
JDG 21 8 vtf2 translate-names 0 Jabesh Gilead This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 21 9 jyg7 0 people were set out in an orderly manner Alternate translation: “people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for”
JDG 21 9 qs2v figs-explicit 0 none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 21 10 p52b translate-numbers 0 twelve thousand “12,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 21 10 qw5x 0 strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction.
JDG 21 10 ajh8 0 strike … with the edge of the sword Alternate translation: “kill … with their swords”
JDG 21 12 n2u2 0 Jabesh Gilead This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
JDG 21 12 ani7 translate-numbers 0 four hundred young women “400 young women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 21 12 w47b figs-euphemism 0 who had not known a man by lying with him This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “who had not had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 21 13 c39b figs-abstractnouns 0 they were offering them peace If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they wanted to stop fighting with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 21 14 h1ad 0 Jabesh Gilead This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
JDG 21 14 iu7g 0 there were not enough women for all of them There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead.
JDG 21 15 v114 0 made a division between the tribes of Israel Alternate translation: “had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified”
JDG 21 16 sc2b 0 Benjamites This refers to the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG 21 16 rgy2 figs-activepassive 0 the women of Benjamin have been killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we killed all the Benjamite women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 21 17 mk7l figs-hyperbole 0 There must be an inheritance … is not destroyed from Israel The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG 21 18 qnk3 figs-synecdoche 0 a wife to Benjamin Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “a wife to the men of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 21 19 u453 writing-background 0 which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 21 19 m2hz translate-names 0 Lebonah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 21 21 am3f figs-explicit 0 each one of you should grab a wife … go back to the land of Benjamin It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 21 22 z5gg figs-abstractnouns 0 Show us favor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 21 22 zsi5 figs-explicit 0 because we did not get wives for each man during the war The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 21 22 pcc6 0 You are innocent … not give your daughters to them This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.
JDG 21 23 ng9r 0 the number of wives that they needed This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead ([Judges 21:14](../21/14.md)).
JDG 21 25 b8xe 0 there was no king in Israel Alternate translation: “Israel did not yet have a king”
JDG 21 25 d46g figs-metaphor 0 what was right in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what he judged to be right” or “what he considered to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
2 JDG front intro v8pn 0 # Introduction to Judges<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Judges<br><br>1. History of the judges of Israel (1:1–16:31)<br> * Introduction (1:1-3:6)<br> * Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (3:7–31)<br> * Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31)<br> * Gideon (6:1–8:35)<br> * Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (9:1–10:5)<br> * Jephthah (10:6-12:7)<br> * Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8-15)<br> * Samson (13:1–16:31)<br>1. The account of Micah and his idols (17:1–18:31)<br>1. The account of Gibeah; the other Israelites take revenge (19:1–21:25)<br><br>### What is the Book of Judges about?<br><br>The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over a period of about 150 years.<br><br>This book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the peoples who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a “judge.” The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died.<br><br>After that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title “Judges” because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use the title “Judges” or a title such as “The Book about the Leaders in Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What kind of leaders were the judges?<br><br>These were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. After defeating their enemies, these leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of these leaders may have served only certain tribes.<br><br>### What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges?<br><br>During this time, the twelve tribes of Israel were independent of one another. They were not a unified nation with one ruler. The tribes would sometimes help each other when enemies were threatening them.<br><br>These tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh.<br><br>### What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges?<br><br>During this time, Israel struggled to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the meaning of the phrase “in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes”?<br><br>This phrase occurs twice in the book of Judges. Shorter versions of the phrase occur two other times. These phrases imply that the writer or editor of this book was alive at a later time when there was a king in Israel. They also seem to imply that the writer thought that things were not good in Israel because there was no king.<br><br>The translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the book’s writer is looking back into the past.<br><br>### What is the meaning of the phrase “to this day”?<br><br>The narrator used this phrase to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. The translator must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation’s readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:21, 26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12.
3 JDG 1 intro a4am 0 # Judges 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### “After the death of Joshua”<br>This statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land<br><br>Israel fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against God’s instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land.
4 JDG 1 1 r9ee 0 Connecting Statement: The book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story.
5 JDG 1 1 b9my 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
6 JDG 1 1 c92j figs-exclusive 0 will attack the Canaanites for us The word “us” refers to the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
7 JDG 1 2 c4zw figs-synecdoche 0 Judah will attack Here “Judah” represents the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. Alternate translation: “The men of Judah must attack first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8 JDG 1 2 i2v6 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
9 JDG 1 2 ysi6 figs-explicit 0 this land This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. Alternate translation: “the land of the Canaanites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10 JDG 1 3 k7aq 0 their brothers Alternate translation: “their fellow Israelites” or “their relatives”
11 JDG 1 3 x2kz 0 Come up with us The people of the tribes of Judah and Simeon were camped with the rest of the Israelite people in the valley of the Jordan River. The land given to Judah was in the hills above the valley. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. Alternate translation: “Come with us” or “Go with us”
12 JDG 1 3 p8mq figs-activepassive 0 that was assigned to us … that was assigned to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh assigned to us … that Yahweh assigned to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13 JDG 1 3 yz2b 0 We will likewise go with you Alternate translation: “We will also go with you” or “In the same way, we will go with you”
14 JDG 1 4 ku4h figs-explicit 0 The men of Judah attacked It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15 JDG 1 4 n19d translate-numbers 0 They killed ten thousand “They killed about 10,000” or “They killed a large number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
16 JDG 1 4 vmc4 0 of them Alternate translation: “soldiers of the Canaanites and Perizzites” or “enemies”
17 JDG 1 4 c9xq translate-names 0 Bezek This is an area in the mountains of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18 JDG 1 5 w88l translate-names 0 Adoni-Bezek This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19 JDG 1 5 i3pn figs-synecdoche 0 they fought against him Here “him” actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. Alternate translation: “they fought against him and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
20 JDG 1 6 vz6p 0 pursued him Alternate translation: “chased him”
21 JDG 1 7 es2p translate-numbers 0 Seventy kings “70 kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
22 JDG 1 7 t5fd figs-activepassive 0 who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off” or “whose thumbs and big toes we cut off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23 JDG 1 7 p5cw figs-metonymy 0 gathered their food from under my table Forcing these kings to eat scraps of food represents all the ways that Adoni-Bezek humiliated these kings. Here “gathering” food represents eating it. Alternate translation: “ate scraps of food from under my table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24 JDG 1 8 hh58 figs-metonymy 0 the city of Jerusalem and took it Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in Jerusalem and defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
25 JDG 1 8 ca78 figs-metonymy 0 They attacked it Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people of the city. Alternate translation: “They attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26 JDG 1 8 k6ze figs-synecdoche 0 with the edge of the sword “with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
27 JDG 1 9 cs3t 0 the men of Judah went down to fight It was common to use the word “down” when it refers to traveling from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the men of Judah went to fight”
28 JDG 1 9 q3x9 0 in the Negev Alternate translation: “in the southern Judean wilderness”
29 JDG 1 9 x4ew 0 foothills hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
30 JDG 1 10 ax37 writing-background 0 the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
31 JDG 1 10 edk7 translate-names 0 Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. Each leader represents his army. Alternate translation: “Sheshai, Ahiman, Talmai, and their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32 JDG 1 11 lh59 writing-background 0 the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called Kiriath Sepher. Alternate translation: “which used to be called Kiriath Sepher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
33 JDG 1 11 fn5g 0 was previously Alternate translation: “was in times past” or “was at an earlier time”
34 JDG 1 12 e7kf figs-metonymy 0 Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it Here “Kiriath Sepher” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Whoever attacks and defeats the people of Kiriath Sepher and takes their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
35 JDG 1 12 n39v translate-names 0 Aksah This is the name of Caleb’s daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
36 JDG 1 13 xa4b translate-names 0 Othniel, son of Kenaz These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
37 JDG 1 14 u3cc 0 she urged him Alternate translation: “Aksah urged Othniel”
38 JDG 1 15 m3cg 0 Give me a blessing Alternate translation: “Do a favor for me” or “Do this for me”
39 JDG 1 15 rz4u figs-explicit 0 Since you have given me the land of the Negev Caleb gave Aksah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
40 JDG 1 15 n8di figs-explicit 0 Since you have given me the land This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it (verse 14). She is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
41 JDG 1 16 x6ei 0 of Moses’ father-in-law Alternate translation: “of the father of Moses’ wife”
42 JDG 1 16 fqe9 0 father-in-law the Kenite went up Alternate translation: “father-in-law, who was one of the Ken people, went up”
43 JDG 1 16 n6kh 0 went up from the City of Palms … into the wilderness Alternate translation: “left the City of Palms … and went into the wilderness”
44 JDG 1 16 a29w figs-explicit 0 City of Palms This is another name for the city of Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
45 JDG 1 16 u7t8 translate-names 0 Arad This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
46 JDG 1 17 e48a 0 the men of Simeon their brothers Here “brothers” means relatives who were in another tribe of Israel.
47 JDG 1 17 nd84 translate-names 0 Zephath This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
48 JDG 1 17 iy2d figs-explicit 0 The name of the city was called Hormah After the Israelites destroyed Zephath, they changed its name to “Hormah.” The name “Hormah” means “complete destruction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
49 JDG 1 19 vtq2 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh was with the people of Judah Here “was with” means that Yahweh helped the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
50 JDG 1 19 g27v 0 plains a very large area of level, treeless ground
51 JDG 1 20 ys79 figs-activepassive 0 Hebron was given to Caleb (like Moses had said) If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses had given Hebron to Caleb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
52 JDG 1 20 eml1 figs-synecdoche 0 three sons of Anak The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. Alternate translation: “three sons of Anak and their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
53 JDG 1 20 tyj7 translate-names 0 Anak This is the name of a man. Anak and his descendants were famous for being very tall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
54 JDG 1 21 l6aj 0 to this day “until now.” This refers to the time the book of Judges was written.
55 JDG 1 22 da33 figs-metonymy 0 The house of Joseph Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “The men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
56 JDG 1 22 pc1n figs-metonymy 0 to attack Bethel Here “Bethel” represents the people who live in Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
57 JDG 1 23 ffy3 0 spy to get information secretly
58 JDG 1 23 vx3f writing-background 0 the city that was formerly called Luz This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Luz but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
59 JDG 1 24 qdm8 0 spies people who get information secretly
60 JDG 1 25 dj1j figs-metonymy 0 they attacked the city Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
61 JDG 1 25 ncm9 figs-synecdoche 0 with the edge of the sword “with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
62 JDG 1 25 uw87 figs-idiom 0 get away This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
63 JDG 1 26 i4r5 0 Luz This new town started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz, near Bethel, that the man had left.
64 JDG 1 26 ym4e 0 which is its name to this day “which is still its name.” Here “to this day” refers to the time when the book of Judges was written.
65 JDG 1 27 va98 translate-names 0 Beth Shan … Taanach … Dor … Ibleam … Megiddo These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66 JDG 1 27 grh4 0 because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land To “determine” is to firmly decide something. Alternate translation: “because the Canaanites firmly decided not to leave that land”
67 JDG 1 28 m64k figs-metonymy 0 When Israel became strong Here “Israel” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When the people of Israel became stronger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
68 JDG 1 28 h7tu 0 they forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor Alternate translation: “they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them”
69 JDG 1 29 ek8n figs-metonymy 0 Ephraim did not Here “Ephraim” the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70 JDG 1 29 u8mq translate-names 0 Gezer The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
71 JDG 1 30 z9je figs-metonymy 0 Zebulun did not drive out Here “Zebulun” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
72 JDG 1 30 p5am translate-names 0 Kitron … Nahalol These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73 JDG 1 30 l8tv figs-metonymy 0 but Zebulun forced Here “Zebulun” represents the people of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
74 JDG 1 30 cp5q 0 hard labor Alternate translation: “difficult labor”
75 JDG 1 31 e29r figs-metonymy 0 Asher did not drive Here “Asher” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Asher. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
76 JDG 1 31 b612 translate-names 0 Akko … Sidon … Ahlab, Akzib, Helbah, Aphek … Rehob These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
77 JDG 1 33 d9v1 translate-names 0 Beth Shemesh … Beth Anath These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
78 JDG 1 33 pck2 figs-activepassive 0 the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced into hard labor for Naphthali If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Naphtali forced the people of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath to work for them as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
79 JDG 1 34 w8it 0 not allowing them to come down Alternate translation: “stopping them from coming down”
80 JDG 1 34 ijt5 0 plain a very large area of flat land without trees
81 JDG 1 35 qwt2 translate-names 0 Mount Heres This is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
82 JDG 1 35 cw8t translate-names 0 Aijalon … Shaalbim These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
83 JDG 1 35 x276 0 the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them Alternate translation: “the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army”
84 JDG 1 35 uvw1 figs-metonymy 0 house of Joseph Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “the men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
85 JDG 1 36 g7nx translate-names 0 the hill of Akrabbim This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the “Scorpion Pass.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
86 JDG 1 36 qr2w translate-names 0 Sela This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
87 JDG 2 intro mf6a 0 # Judges 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh tests Israel<br><br>Yahweh said, “Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant.” Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])
88 JDG 2 1 tt9y 0 angel of Yahweh This could mean: (1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or (2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or (3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking.
89 JDG 2 1 q2ka 0 went up from Gilgal to Bokim Alternate translation: “left Gilgal and went to Bokim”
90 JDG 2 1 x66i translate-names 0 Bokim This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. “Bokim” means “crying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
91 JDG 2 1 te37 figs-ellipsis 0 and said It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and said to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
92 JDG 2 1 im2i 0 brought you up from Egypt Alternate translation: “led you from Egypt”
93 JDG 2 1 ha9u 0 your fathers Alternate translation: “your ancestors” or “your forefathers”
94 JDG 2 1 p92u figs-idiom 0 break my covenant with you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fail to do what I said I would do for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
95 JDG 2 2 syq4 figs-metonymy 0 you have not listened to my voice Here “voice” represents what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
96 JDG 2 2 w8ys figs-rquestion 0 What is this that you have done? This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
97 JDG 2 3 kdq3 figs-quotesinquotes 0 So now I say, ‘I will not … trap for you.’ This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “So now I tell you that I will not … trap for you.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
98 JDG 2 3 plg4 figs-metaphor 0 become thorns in your sides The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “cause you trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
99 JDG 2 3 y4wm 0 thorns sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants
100 JDG 2 3 b6w1 figs-metaphor 0 their gods will become a trap for you The Israelites worshiping the Canaanite gods is spoken of as if the false gods were a hunter’s trap that catches an animal and causes it harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101 JDG 2 4 f5v2 0 shouted and wept Alternate translation: “cried many tears”
102 JDG 2 6 p53v 0 Now when Joshua Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator begins a summary that explains how the generations of Israelites after Joshua sinned and worshiped false gods so that Yahweh punished them, but then he would send judges to rescue them. This summary ends in 2:23.
103 JDG 2 6 u1xb writing-background 0 when Joshua … of their land The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. This is recounting events that happened at the end of the book of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
104 JDG 2 6 i12e figs-explicit 0 to the place assigned You may want to help your readers by stating who assigned this place to them. Alternate translation: “to the place Yahweh gave them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
105 JDG 2 7 kcc2 writing-background 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
106 JDG 2 7 ydz9 0 during the lifetime This means the time that someone lived. Alternate translation: “during the life”
107 JDG 2 7 g5ah 0 the elders Here this means the men who helped lead Israel, participating in matters of social justice and in religious matters such as maintaining the law of Moses.
108 JDG 2 7 qml9 0 outlived him This means to live longer than someone else. Alternate translation: “lived longer than he did”
109 JDG 2 8 ii19 writing-background 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
110 JDG 2 8 m4jx writing-background 0 Joshua son of Nun … died at the age of 110 years old The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 ends. The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
111 JDG 2 8 k12w translate-names 0 Nun This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
112 JDG 2 8 xfn6 translate-numbers 0 110 years old “one hundred and ten years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
113 JDG 2 9 ne2z figs-activepassive 0 he was assigned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God gave him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
114 JDG 2 9 yk2s translate-names 0 Timnath Heres This is the name of an area of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
115 JDG 2 9 f8u2 translate-names 0 Mount Gaash This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
116 JDG 2 10 umh1 figs-euphemism 0 All that generation was also gathered to their fathers The phrase “was also gathered to their fathers” means that as the people of that generation died, their souls went to the same place as their ancestors who died before them. It is a polite way of saying they died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
117 JDG 2 10 r6cs 0 fathers Here this means the ancestors of a certain person or people group.
118 JDG 2 10 flq1 0 grew up Alternate translation: “grew older” or “became older”
119 JDG 2 10 qd7f 0 who did not know Yahweh Here “did not know” means they had not experienced Yahweh or his power the way the previous generation had.
120 JDG 2 11 yhh4 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121 JDG 2 11 gx61 translate-names 0 Baals This is the plural of Baal. While “Baal” was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods that were often worshiped along with Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
122 JDG 2 12 tp3f figs-metaphor 0 They broke away from Yahweh The Israelites no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically broke away from him and left him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123 JDG 2 12 re2c 0 their fathers Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
124 JDG 2 12 n4xl figs-metaphor 0 They went after other gods The Israelites starting to worship false gods is spoken of as if the Israelites walked and went after the false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
125 JDG 2 12 w9r2 translate-symaction 0 bowed down to them This is an act of worship and giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
126 JDG 2 12 j3xw 0 They provoked Yahweh to anger Alternate translation: “They caused Yahweh to become angry”
127 JDG 2 13 ddu6 translate-names 0 Ashtoreths This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
128 JDG 2 14 r6xm figs-metaphor 0 The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
129 JDG 2 14 bjf9 0 he gave them to the raiders who stole their possessions from them Alternate translation: “he let raiders steal their possessions”
130 JDG 2 14 v1ki figs-metaphor 0 He sold them as slaves who were held by the strength of their enemies around them, so they could no longer defend themselves against their enemies Yahweh allowing the enemies to take the Israelites as slaves is spoken of as if he sold them into slavery. The phrase “who were held by” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He allowed their enemies to conquer them and take them as slaves, and they could no longer resist their powerful enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
131 JDG 2 15 b13p figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s hand was against them to defeat them Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped their enemies defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
132 JDG 2 15 n59g 0 they were in terrible distress Alternate translation: “they were suffering terribly”
133 JDG 2 16 t2b3 figs-metaphor 0 Then Yahweh raised up judges Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he were raising or lifting the persons up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134 JDG 2 16 myh2 figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of those Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
135 JDG 2 17 p49i 0 they would not listen to their judges Alternate translation: “they would not obey their judges”
136 JDG 2 17 dv8s figs-simile 0 gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them The people betraying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the people were prostitutes. Alternate translation: “betrayed him by worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
137 JDG 2 17 wwn4 0 their fathers Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
138 JDG 2 18 eau5 figs-metaphor 0 When Yahweh raised up judges Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139 JDG 2 18 hz8j 0 judges for them … rescued them The word “them” refers to the Israelites.
140 JDG 2 18 ql9k figs-metonymy 0 the hand of their enemies Here “hand” refers to power of the enemies to hurt Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
141 JDG 2 18 j2rk 0 all the days the judge lived Alternate translation: “as long as the judge lived”
142 JDG 2 18 n8w4 0 pity to have compassion for someone or something
143 JDG 2 18 g95t figs-metonymy 0 as they groaned The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. Alternate translation: “as they suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144 JDG 2 19 q63w figs-metaphor 0 they would turn away The people no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they would physically turn away from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
145 JDG 2 19 fnt4 0 their fathers Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
146 JDG 2 19 kid3 figs-metaphor 0 They would go after other gods to serve them and worship them The Israelites worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were walking and going after other gods. Alternate translation: “They would serve and worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
147 JDG 2 19 lq1a figs-litotes 0 They refused to give up any of their evil practices or their stubborn ways “They refused to stop doing evil things and being stubborn.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “They continued doing evil things and being stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
148 JDG 2 20 b7rk figs-metaphor 0 The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149 JDG 2 20 clk3 figs-metonymy 0 this nation has broken Here “nation” represents the people. Alternate translation: “these people have broken” or “the Israelites have broken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
150 JDG 2 21 ry6q figs-metonymy 0 any of the nations Here “nations” represents the people groups that lived in Canaan before the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
151 JDG 2 22 n194 figs-metaphor 0 they will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
152 JDG 2 23 tn49 figs-doublet 0 did not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “he did not let Joshua quickly conquer them and drive them out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
153 JDG 2 23 b618 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of Joshua Here “hand” is a metonym for power, and “Joshua” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “into the power of Joshua and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
154 JDG 3 intro k35h 0 # Judges 3 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people worship false gods<br><br>Israel worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Blew a trumpet”<br><br>When Ehud “blew a trumpet,” he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
155 JDG 3 1 w2is 0 Now Yahweh Here “Now” begins a new section of the story.
156 JDG 3 1 hp8z 0 these nations This refers to the people groups that the narrator will list in 3:3.
157 JDG 3 1 xj63 figs-activepassive 0 who had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who had not fought in any of the wars in Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
158 JDG 3 2 l4u8 writing-background 0 He did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before This breaks from the main story line. The narrator gives background information about why Yahweh left some of the people groups in Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle before how to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
159 JDG 3 3 mgb4 figs-synecdoche 0 the five kings These five kings represent themselves and their people. Alternate translation: “the five kings and their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
160 JDG 3 3 upq5 translate-names 0 Mount Baal Hermon This is the highest mountain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
161 JDG 3 3 z6zc translate-names 0 Hamath Pass This is the name of an area at the northern boundary of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
162 JDG 3 4 vqn2 figs-activepassive 0 These nations were left If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left these nations in Canaan” or “Yahweh allowed these nations to continue to live in Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
163 JDG 3 4 dzs7 0 as a means Alternate translation: “as a way”
164 JDG 3 4 f89f 0 whether they would … gave their ancestors The words “they” and “their” refer to the people of Israel.
165 JDG 3 4 wbc7 0 the commands he gave Alternate translation: “the commands Yahweh gave”
166 JDG 3 7 p6m5 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
167 JDG 3 7 e1t1 figs-idiom 0 forgot Yahweh their God Here “forgot” is an idiom that means “they stopped obeying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
168 JDG 3 8 yg7p figs-metaphor 0 the anger of Yahweh was set on fire Yahweh becoming very angry is spoken of as if his anger were something that could be set on fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
169 JDG 3 8 gwp8 figs-metaphor 0 sold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is spoken of as if Yahweh sold them to Cushan-Rishathaim. Alternate translation: “allowed Cushan-Rishathaim and his army to defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
170 JDG 3 8 zj78 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim Here “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control. Also, “Cushan-Rishathaim” is a synechdoche that represents himself and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
171 JDG 3 8 b1vl translate-names 0 Cushan-Rishathaim This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
172 JDG 3 8 a27l translate-names 0 Aram Naharaim This is the name of a country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
173 JDG 3 9 vg5k figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh raised up someone Yahweh appointing someone to do a special work for him is spoken of as if Yahweh raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174 JDG 3 9 k6r6 0 Othniel … Kenaz See how you translated these men’s names in [Judges 1:13](../01/13.md).
175 JDG 3 10 y845 0 empowered him This phrase means that Yahweh helped Othniel to have and develop the qualities he needed to be a great leader.
176 JDG 3 10 rq2z 0 he judged Israel Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
177 JDG 3 10 k8cd figs-synecdoche 0 he went out to war Here “he” refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
178 JDG 3 10 l4lh figs-synecdoche 0 Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram Here “Cushan-Rishathaim” represents his army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
179 JDG 3 10 f953 figs-metonymy 0 The hand of Othniel Here “hand” is a metonym for army. Alternate translation: “The army of Othniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
180 JDG 3 11 svg9 figs-metonymy 0 The land had peace “The land” is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. Alternate translation: “The people lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
181 JDG 3 11 i8ks translate-numbers 0 forty years “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
182 JDG 3 12 l914 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
183 JDG 3 12 nj1t figs-abstractnouns 0 Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
184 JDG 3 12 s1wn figs-synecdoche 0 to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites Here “Eglon king of Moab” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
185 JDG 3 12 z23q translate-names 0 Eglon This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
186 JDG 3 13 rp3h 0 the City of Palms This is another name for the city of Jericho. See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
187 JDG 3 14 h6y6 translate-numbers 0 eighteen years “18 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
188 JDG 3 15 mpv5 0 called out to Yahweh Here this means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
189 JDG 3 15 zn6d figs-metaphor 0 raised up someone Yahweh appointing someone to do a special service for him is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
190 JDG 3 15 jja5 translate-names 0 Ehud … Gera These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
191 JDG 3 15 w4sk 0 left-handed Ehud was better able to hold a sword with his left hand.
192 JDG 3 16 fm5l translate-bdistance 0 one cubit If it is necessary to use a modern measurement of length, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “46 centimeters” or “about one half meter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
193 JDG 3 16 i3y7 0 he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh Alternate translation: “he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing”
194 JDG 3 16 s4wh 0 thigh the part of the leg between the knee and the hip
195 JDG 3 17 k42d writing-background 0 Now Eglon was a very fat man Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
196 JDG 3 19 q56y figs-activepassive 0 when he reached the place where the carved images were made near Gilgal If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when he arrived at the place near Gilgal where people made carved images” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
197 JDG 3 20 f67g 0 in the coolness of the upper room This is a room above the lower level that was used for rest and to remain cool during the hot part of the day.
198 JDG 3 20 p7ft translate-symaction 0 The king got up out of his seat Standing up was a sign of honoring God will listening to his message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
199 JDG 3 22 k49p 0 The tip of the sword came out of his back Alternate translation: “The sharp end of the sword came out of his back”
200 JDG 3 23 djg4 0 porch an outside room with low walls and a roof covering
201 JDG 3 24 z2qt figs-euphemism 0 Surely he is relieving himself This is a polite way to speak about a person having a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
202 JDG 3 25 d7zv 0 until they felt they were neglecting their duty They waited until they became worried that something was wrong and it was their duty to open the doors to their king’s private room.
203 JDG 3 25 e1jf 0 took the key and opened them Alternate translation: “took the key and opened the doors”
204 JDG 3 26 r2ig figs-events 0 While the servants were waiting … Ehud escaped This tells what happened before the servants opened the doors to the upper room and found the king dead. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile, as the servants were still waiting outside of the upper room … Ehud escaped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
205 JDG 3 26 x36q translate-names 0 Seirah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
206 JDG 3 27 zet1 figs-ellipsis 0 When he arrived You may want to help your readers by stating where he arrived. Alternate translation: “When he arrived in Seirah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
207 JDG 3 28 s9y4 0 General Information: Ehud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim.
208 JDG 3 28 ax6h figs-metaphor 0 for Yahweh is about to defeat your enemies Yahweh helping the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight and defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
209 JDG 3 28 i3vy 0 captured the fords Alternate translation: “gained control of the fords”
210 JDG 3 28 k9q1 0 fords the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side
211 JDG 3 28 uf81 0 did not allow anyone to cross Alternate translation: “did not let anyone cross”
212 JDG 3 29 jjy8 translate-numbers 0 ten thousand men “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
213 JDG 3 29 e6ge 0 capable men Alternate translation: “able men” or “men able to fight well”
214 JDG 3 30 ch1z figs-activepassive 0 Moab was subdued by the strength of Israel If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Israelite army defeated the Moabites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
215 JDG 3 30 par9 figs-metonymy 0 the strength of Israel Here “strength” represents the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
216 JDG 3 30 w1xr figs-metonymy 0 the land had rest Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
217 JDG 3 30 dln1 translate-numbers 0 eighty years “80 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
218 JDG 3 31 psq1 0 judge God appointed judges to lead the people of Israel in times of trouble after they entered the Promised Land and before they had kings. Often judges rescued the Israelites from their enemies.
219 JDG 3 31 xdh8 translate-names 0 Shamgar The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
220 JDG 3 31 uz68 translate-names 0 Anath The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
221 JDG 3 31 f6s9 translate-numbers 0 600 men “six hundred men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
222 JDG 3 31 z3lr 0 a stick used to goad cattle Cattle farmers would poke their cattle with a sharp stick to make them move. AT “a stick used to urge cattle to move” or “a stick used to direct cattle”
223 JDG 3 31 n8z3 figs-metonymy 0 He also delivered Israel from danger The word “danger” refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “He also delivered the people of Israel from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
224 JDG 4 intro pjw5 0 # Judges 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Barak’s leadership<br><br>At this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
225 JDG 4 1 h4q7 0 Ehud See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
226 JDG 4 1 aq65 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
227 JDG 4 2 yj14 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan Here “hand” refers to Jabin’s power over Israel. Yahweh’s decision to give Jabin power over them is spoken of as if Yahweh had sold them to Jabin. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allowed them to be defeated by the power of Jabin king of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
228 JDG 4 2 i943 translate-names 0 Jabin … Sisera These are the names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
229 JDG 4 2 fk1t translate-names 0 Hazor … Harosheth Haggoyim These are the names of cities or places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
230 JDG 4 3 ftq8 translate-numbers 0 nine hundred iron chariots “900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
231 JDG 4 3 k27q 0 twenty years Alternate translation: “20 years”
232 JDG 4 4 e7xn writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Deborah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
233 JDG 4 4 nnu6 translate-names 0 Deborah This is the name of a woman (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
234 JDG 4 4 gru6 translate-names 0 Lappidoth This is the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
235 JDG 4 4 lj93 0 judge God appointed judges to lead the Israelites in times of trouble. Often the judges rescued them from their enemies.
236 JDG 4 5 uy3x 0 palm of Deborah This tree was named after Deborah.
237 JDG 4 6 b5l8 translate-names 0 General Information: The writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain, and a river by their names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
238 JDG 4 6 ehp5 translate-names 0 Barak … Abinoam These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
239 JDG 4 6 yn83 translate-names 0 Mount Tabor This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
240 JDG 4 6 vi2x translate-numbers 0 ten thousand men “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
241 JDG 4 7 rm5r 0 I will draw out Here “I” refers to God.
242 JDG 4 7 mmc1 figs-synecdoche 0 draw out Sisera Here “Sisera” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “draw out Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
243 JDG 4 7 hl3v 0 draw out to cause people to come away from a safe location
244 JDG 4 7 k3na 0 Sisera … Jabin See how you translated these men’s names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
245 JDG 4 7 sue6 translate-names 0 Kishon This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
246 JDG 4 8 qr6v 0 General Information: Barak has a discussion with Deborah.
247 JDG 4 8 b27v 0 Barak See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
248 JDG 4 9 y6ww figs-metaphor 0 the road on which you are going will not lead to your honor The choice Barak makes is spoken of as if Barak were choosing a road on which to travel. And, “honor” is spoken of as if it were a destination to which one travels. Alternate translation: “no one will honor you for what you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249 JDG 4 9 v8ri figs-metonymy 0 for Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman Here “hand” refers to her power to kill him. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will cause a woman to defeat Sisera” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
250 JDG 4 9 msw7 0 Sisera See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
251 JDG 4 9 bi9q 0 Deborah See how you translated this woman’s name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
252 JDG 4 10 g69f translate-numbers 0 Ten thousand men “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
253 JDG 4 11 wq16 writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Heber the Kenite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
254 JDG 4 11 fty7 translate-names 0 Heber … Hobab These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
255 JDG 4 11 aup8 0 Kenite See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md)
256 JDG 4 11 jez1 0 Moses’ father-in-law Alternate translation: “the father of Moses’ wife”
257 JDG 4 11 y5mf translate-names 0 Zaanannim This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
258 JDG 4 12 rkt1 0 When they told Sisera Here “they” does not identify anyone specifically. Alternate translation: “When someone told Sisera”
259 JDG 4 12 dcw1 0 Sisera See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
260 JDG 4 12 i2cf 0 Barak … Abinoam … Mount Tabor See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
261 JDG 4 13 r3xw figs-metonymy 0 Sisera called out all his chariots Here “chariots” represents the soldiers who drove the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
262 JDG 4 13 avt4 translate-numbers 0 nine hundred iron chariots “900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
263 JDG 4 13 x4xy 0 Harosheth Haggoyim See how you translated the name of this city in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
264 JDG 4 13 a7q6 0 Kishon River See how you translated this in [Judges 4:7](../04/07.md).
265 JDG 4 14 pb3b figs-pastforfuture 0 Yahweh has given you victory Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give you victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
266 JDG 4 14 r1ph figs-rquestion 0 Is not Yahweh leading you? Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Remember, Yahweh is leading you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
267 JDG 4 14 fv1q translate-numbers 0 with ten thousand “with 10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
268 JDG 4 15 t5qj 0 Yahweh confused Sisera and all his chariots and all his army Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army unable to think clearly” or “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army panic”
269 JDG 4 15 u8qh figs-metonymy 0 all his chariots Here the word “chariots” is a metonym for the soldiers driving the chariots. Alternate translation: “all the men driving chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
270 JDG 4 16 qj43 figs-synecdoche 0 Barak pursued Here “Barak” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers chased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
271 JDG 4 16 ce5l 0 Harosheth Translate this the same way you did in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
272 JDG 4 16 x3gk figs-synecdoche 0 the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera’s whole army with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
273 JDG 4 17 ayi3 0 Sisera … Jabin … Hazor See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
274 JDG 4 17 h17w figs-idiom 0 ran away on foot This is an idiom that means he was walking rather than riding a horse or in a chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
275 JDG 4 17 mp3u translate-names 0 Jael This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
276 JDG 4 17 s2ne 0 Heber See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
277 JDG 4 17 kwu8 0 Kenite See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
278 JDG 4 18 k8b1 figs-explicit 0 Turn aside This means to change course during a journey in order to rest. Alternate translation: “Come here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
279 JDG 4 18 u5k9 0 blanket a large covering for the body to sleep under for warmth, made of wool or animal skins
280 JDG 4 19 cn6j 0 He said to her Alternate translation: “Sisera said to Jael”
281 JDG 4 21 ctd6 0 tent peg a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent
282 JDG 4 21 i8q2 0 hammer a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground
283 JDG 4 21 lvc4 figs-metaphor 0 a deep sleep Like a person in a deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
284 JDG 4 22 n7wq 0 Barak was pursuing Alternate translation: “Barak was chasing” or “Barak was following after”
285 JDG 4 23 xzh1 figs-metaphor 0 God defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
286 JDG 4 24 y25t 0 The might Alternate translation: “The military power”
287 JDG 4 24 zcb9 figs-synecdoche 0 they destroyed him Here “him” refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “they destroyed Jabin and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
288 JDG 5 intro jgd9 0 # Judges 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The flood<br><br>God caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban’s chariots making<br>them vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
289 JDG 5 1 w7ex figs-explicit 0 On that day The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
290 JDG 5 1 pfq9 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
291 JDG 5 1 l3sj 0 Barak … Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
292 JDG 5 2 s181 0 when the people gladly volunteer for war Alternate translation: “when the men agree to fight in battle”
293 JDG 5 3 hs8j figs-apostrophe 0 Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
294 JDG 5 3 cbt1 0 you kings … you leaders This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.
295 JDG 5 4 f5pu figs-metaphor 0 when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296 JDG 5 4 vj7e translate-names 0 Seir Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
297 JDG 5 4 hw54 figs-metaphor 0 the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water This could mean: (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
298 JDG 5 5 p4qp figs-personification 0 The mountains quaked This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
299 JDG 5 5 d62l figs-metonymy 0 before the face of Yahweh Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
300 JDG 5 5 wuf5 figs-explicit 0 even Mount Sinai quaked When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. Alternate translation: “long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
301 JDG 5 6 he9e 0 In the days of Alternate translation: “During the lifetime of”
302 JDG 5 6 asi7 translate-names 0 Shamgar … Anath … Jael These are the names of people. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in [Judges 3:31](../03/31.md) and Jael in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
303 JDG 5 6 rw34 writing-background 0 son of Anath Shamgar’s father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
304 JDG 5 6 ki5e figs-activepassive 0 the main roads were abandoned This can be stated in active form and you can make explicit why the roads were abandoned Alternate translation: “people stopped using the main roads; because they were afraid of Israel’s enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
305 JDG 5 6 i6j5 0 the winding paths This refers to smaller roads that fewer people traveled on.
306 JDG 5 7 n27x figs-metaphor 0 I, Deborah, arose—arose as a mother in Israel Deborah speaks of becoming a leader in Israel as if she were a mother taking care of young children. Alternate translation: “I, Deborah, began to lead—I took care of the Israelites as a mother takes care of her children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
307 JDG 5 8 mxk4 figs-explicit 0 they chose new gods The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel worshiped new gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
308 JDG 5 8 duj5 figs-synecdoche 0 there was fighting at the city gates Here “gates” represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
309 JDG 5 8 v83h figs-hyperbole 0 there were no shields or spears seen among forty thousand in Israel This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. Alternate translation: “few weapons for battle remained in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
310 JDG 5 8 dl2n translate-numbers 0 forty thousand in Israel “40,000 in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
311 JDG 5 9 u5zy figs-metonymy 0 My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel The word “heart” represents a person’s emotions. The phrase “My heart goes out to” is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. Alternate translation: “I appreciate the commanders of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
312 JDG 5 10 dt2p figs-merism 0 you who ride on white donkeys … you who walk along the road This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. Alternate translation: “you rich people who ride on white donkeys … you poor people who walk along the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
313 JDG 5 10 vf24 0 sitting on rugs for saddles These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey’s back to make the rider more comfortable.
314 JDG 5 11 v4bj figs-synecdoche 0 Hear the voices of those Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
315 JDG 5 11 f6il figs-synecdoche 0 went down to the city gates Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
316 JDG 5 12 de7e 0 Awake, awake Possible speakers are: (1) the people of Israel or (2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or (3) the poet who wrote the song.
317 JDG 5 12 jc43 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
318 JDG 5 12 qc51 0 Barak … Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
319 JDG 5 13 tl3e 0 to me with the warriors The word “me” refers to Deborah.
320 JDG 5 14 e478 figs-metaphor 0 from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek The people of Ephraim living in the land where the descendants of Amalek originally lived is spoken of as if the people of Ephraim were planted and their roots grew into the land. Alternate translation: “from Ephraim, that land where the descendants of Amalek once lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
321 JDG 5 14 k3ph figs-you 0 followed you Here “you” refers to the people of Ephraim. It can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “followed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
322 JDG 5 14 yna1 translate-names 0 Machir This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
323 JDG 5 14 rl91 figs-metonymy 0 from Zebulun those who carry an officer’s staff Military leaders are described by the staff, a symbol of their authority. Alternate translation: “military leaders from Zebulun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
324 JDG 5 15 ruv4 figs-123person 0 My princes in Issachar were with Deborah Here “My” refers to Deborah. This whole statement can be translated in first person. Alternate translation: “My princes in Issachar were with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
325 JDG 5 15 w1en 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
326 JDG 5 15 sn4n figs-metonymy 0 Issachar was with Barak Here “Issachar” refers to the tribe of Issachar. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Issachar was with Barak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
327 JDG 5 15 yt1t 0 Barak See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
328 JDG 5 15 z2wa 0 rushing after him into the valley under his command Alternate translation: “obeying his command and rushing after him into the valley”
329 JDG 5 15 u31z 0 rushing after Alternate translation: “following after” or “hurrying after”
330 JDG 5 15 sdi1 figs-metonymy 0 there were great searchings of heart Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. Alternate translation: “there was a lot of discussing about what they should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331 JDG 5 16 wc6c figs-rquestion 0 Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks? This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in the battle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have helped us fight, instead of staying at home and listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
332 JDG 5 16 xdd2 0 the fireplaces Some versions of the Bible have the translation “the sheepfolds” or “the sheep pens.”
333 JDG 5 16 jg14 figs-metonymy 0 there were great searchings of heart Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. See how you translated this in [Judges 5:15](../05/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
334 JDG 5 17 pg1n figs-metonymy 0 Gilead stayed Here “Gilead” the men from Gilead who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Gilead stayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
335 JDG 5 17 zwj6 figs-explicit 0 the other side of the Jordan This refers to the east side of the Jordan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
336 JDG 5 17 l6vz figs-rquestion 0 Dan, why did he wander about on ships? This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan should not have remained on their ships!” or “the people of the tribe of Dan did not help us in the battle. Instead they were wandering around on the sea in ships!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
337 JDG 5 17 wn8k figs-metonymy 0 Dan, why did he Here “Dan” represents the men from Dan who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan, why did they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
338 JDG 5 17 wy1c figs-explicit 0 wander about on ships The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
339 JDG 5 17 q466 figs-explicit 0 Asher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of the tribe of Asher also failed to help us, they just remained on the coast near their harbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
340 JDG 5 17 hk9v figs-metonymy 0 Asher remained Here “Asher” represents the men who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Asher remained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
341 JDG 5 17 s37f 0 harbors places at the seacoast with deeper water where ships were kept
342 JDG 5 18 iq38 figs-ellipsis 0 Naphtali, also You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “Naphtali was a tribe who would also risk their lives to the point of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
343 JDG 5 19 klr4 figs-synecdoche 0 The kings came, they fought … the kings of Canaan fought The king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. Alternate translation: “The kings and their armies came and fought … the kings of Canaan and their armies fought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
344 JDG 5 19 qh9s figs-ellipsis 0 they fought … fought The word “us” is understood. Alternate translation: “they fought us … fought us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
345 JDG 5 19 bwx4 0 Taanach … Megiddo Translate the names of these places as you did in [Judges 1:27](../01/27.md).
346 JDG 5 19 jn5l figs-synecdoche 0 no silver as plunder Here “silver” represents any treasure in general. Alternate translation: “no silver or other treasures as plunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
347 JDG 5 19 lin6 0 plunder things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves
348 JDG 5 20 uwf8 figs-personification 0 From heaven the stars fought, from their paths across the heavens they fought against Sisera Yahweh helping the Israelite to defeat Sisera and his army is spoken of as if the stars themselves fought against Sisera and his army. This may refer to Yahweh using natural elements, specifically rain storms, to defeat Sisera. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
349 JDG 5 20 r9rm figs-synecdoche 0 against Sisera Here “Sisera” represents himself and his whole army. Alternate translation: “Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
350 JDG 5 20 ac6p 0 Sisera See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
351 JDG 5 21 yn1b figs-explicit 0 The Kishon River swept them away Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly causing the chariots to be stuck in the mud and drowning many soldiers. Alternate translation: “The Kishon River flooded and swept away Sisera’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
352 JDG 5 21 h8ac 0 Kishon See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
353 JDG 5 21 je12 figs-synecdoche 0 March on my soul, be strong Here “soul” refers to the whole person. The word “my” refers to Deborah. Alternate translation: “I tell myself to march on and to be strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
354 JDG 5 22 wx9v figs-explicit 0 Then came the sound of horses’ hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. Alternate translation: “Then I heard the sound of horses running away. Sisera’s mighty horses were running away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
355 JDG 5 22 n754 0 galloping runninb quickly
356 JDG 5 23 gg5n figs-metonymy 0 Curse Meroz Here “Meroz” represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “Curse the people of Meroz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
357 JDG 5 23 cdl6 translate-names 0 Meroz This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
358 JDG 5 24 n5q6 0 Jael See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md).
359 JDG 5 24 r37w 0 Heber See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
360 JDG 5 24 jve5 0 Kenite Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
361 JDG 5 25 a4wl 0 brought him butter Here “butter” refers to curdled milk. This was the best milk and a favorite drink among Jael’s people. Alternate translation: “brought him yogurt” or “brought him curds”
362 JDG 5 25 viu5 figs-explicit 0 a dish fit for princes This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
363 JDG 5 26 k8d2 0 She put her hand to the tent peg Alternate translation: “Jael grabbed the tent peg with her left hand”
364 JDG 5 26 iyf8 0 tent peg This is a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
365 JDG 5 26 c1yp figs-ellipsis 0 her right hand to the workman’s hammer This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “she grabbed a hammer with her right hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
366 JDG 5 26 va7c 0 hammer This is a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
367 JDG 5 26 hkm3 0 Sisera See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
368 JDG 5 27 e9gf 0 limp without strength or movement
369 JDG 5 27 ezv3 figs-activepassive 0 he was violently killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she killed him” or “he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
370 JDG 5 28 duq1 0 the lattice This is a frame in the window made of crossed wood.
371 JDG 5 28 mw4d figs-parallelism 0 Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed? Both of these questions mean the same thing. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “Why is it taking Sisera so long to arrive home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
372 JDG 5 28 k2dy figs-metonymy 0 taken his chariot … Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots Both of these represent Sisera. Alternate translation: “taken Sisera … Why has he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
373 JDG 5 29 xa2n 0 wisest princesses A “princess” is the daughter of a king, but a “princess” can also mean female advisers to the king’s family. Alternate translation: “wisest ladies”
374 JDG 5 29 mw32 0 she gave herself the same answer Alternate translation: “she said to herself the same thing”
375 JDG 5 30 l98i figs-rquestion 0 Have they not found and divided up the plunder—a womb … plunder? The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “They must have so much plunder that it is taking a long time to divide it. They have … plunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
376 JDG 5 30 cw6v figs-rquestion 0 a womb, two wombs for every man … of those who plunder? The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “There must be a womb, two wombs for every man … of those who plunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
377 JDG 5 30 xgr7 figs-synecdoche 0 a womb, two wombs for every man Here “womb” represents a woman. Sisera’s mother believes Sisera’s men have captured many women. Alternate translation: “Each soldier will receive a woman or two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
378 JDG 5 30 p9nz 0 dyed fabric Alternate translation: “colored cloth” or “colored clothes”
379 JDG 5 30 zp9h 0 embroidered having designs made of colored threads
380 JDG 5 30 yg2c figs-synecdoche 0 for the necks of those who plunder Here “necks” represents Sisera’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “for the soldiers who plunder to wear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
381 JDG 5 31 bi4x figs-simile 0 like the sun when it rises in its might The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation’s army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
382 JDG 5 31 q1yt figs-metonymy 0 the land had peace Here “the land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and the people of Israel lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
383 JDG 5 31 mw3u translate-numbers 0 for forty years “for 40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
384 JDG 6 intro p5sj 0 # Judges 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8)<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s punishment<br>In Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
385 JDG 6 1 ht3z figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
386 JDG 6 1 l9nl figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Also, “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the people of Midian” or “the control of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
387 JDG 6 2 bs4z figs-metonymy 0 The power of Midian oppressed Israel Here “the power of Midian” refers to the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
388 JDG 6 2 pl5z 0 dens places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter
389 JDG 6 4 zcp1 0 They would set up their army Alternate translation: “The army would encamp” or “The army would set up their tents”
390 JDG 6 5 i2ld 0 Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase “came up” when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. Alternate translation: “Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel”
391 JDG 6 5 e5sl figs-simile 0 they would come as a swarm of locusts The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
392 JDG 6 5 ra2i figs-hyperbole 0 it was impossible to count This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
393 JDG 6 6 eg3l figs-metonymy 0 Midian weakened Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
394 JDG 6 6 lcc3 figs-idiom 0 called out to Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
395 JDG 6 7 z7sa figs-idiom 0 called out to Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
396 JDG 6 7 r2ej figs-metonymy 0 because of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “because of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
397 JDG 6 8 q22q 0 I brought you up from Egypt Alternate translation: “I led you out of Egypt”
398 JDG 6 8 h336 figs-metaphor 0 the house of slavery Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
399 JDG 6 9 ue1t figs-metonymy 0 from the hand In this phrase “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
400 JDG 6 10 ne4s figs-metonymy 0 obeyed my voice - Here “my voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “obeyed my command” or “obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
401 JDG 6 11 sex8 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
402 JDG 6 11 r6sg translate-names 0 Ophrah This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
403 JDG 6 11 iz4d translate-names 0 Abiezrite This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
404 JDG 6 11 y3ww 0 was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor This is a process called “threshing.” Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant.
405 JDG 6 12 fe5w 0 appeared to him Alternate translation: “went to him”
406 JDG 6 13 as35 0 my master Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man.
407 JDG 6 13 in9x figs-rquestion 0 Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, ‘Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’ Gideon uses a question to challenge the stranger’s statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
408 JDG 6 13 e2k9 figs-idiom 0 gave us into the hand of Midian The phrase “gave us into” means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. Alternate translation: “allowed the Midianites to defeat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
409 JDG 6 13 vi7e figs-metonymy 0 gave us into the hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
410 JDG 6 13 buc4 figs-metonymy 0 of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
411 JDG 6 14 n2w1 0 Yahweh looked at him Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked at Gideon”
412 JDG 6 14 kx2t figs-metonymy 0 from the hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
413 JDG 6 14 wuu9 figs-metonymy 0 of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
414 JDG 6 14 zs9h figs-rquestion 0 Have I not sent you? Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here “sent” means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am sending you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
415 JDG 6 15 w5e8 0 Please, Lord Gideon now calls the person “Lord” instead of “my master” as in [Judges 6:13](../06/13.md). Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh.
416 JDG 6 15 wn75 figs-rquestion 0 how can I deliver Israel? Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
417 JDG 6 15 gpv8 0 See, my family Alternate translation: “Look at my family and me and you will see that it”
418 JDG 6 15 gp6c 0 in Manasseh Alternate translation: “in the tribe of Manasseh”
419 JDG 6 15 tw55 figs-metonymy 0 in my father’s house Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “in my father’s family” or “in my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
420 JDG 6 16 p1xa figs-idiom 0 I will be with you Here “be with you” is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
421 JDG 6 16 fhe8 figs-explicit 0 as one man You can state the full meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “as easily as if you were fighting only one man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
422 JDG 6 18 ngy5 0 set it before you Alternate translation: “place it in front of you”
423 JDG 6 19 kmz6 translate-bvolume 0 from an ephah of flour If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. Alternate translation: “with 22 liters of flour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
424 JDG 6 19 c4pf 0 broth water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it
425 JDG 6 19 r55k 0 them to him Alternate translation: “them to the angel of God”
426 JDG 6 20 u9cs 0 angel of God This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “God, who was in the form of an angel” or “God”
427 JDG 6 21 ggc2 0 angel of Yahweh In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
428 JDG 6 21 x8t9 0 went away Alternate translation: “disappeared”
429 JDG 6 22 x6iw 0 angel of Yahweh In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
430 JDG 6 22 l2pp figs-exclamations 0 Ah, Lord Yahweh! The word “Ah” here shows that Gideon was very frightened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
431 JDG 6 22 c1kt figs-idiom 0 seen the angel of Yahweh face to face This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. Alternate translation: “really seen the angel of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
432 JDG 6 23 b3ha figs-explicit 0 Yahweh said to him Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
433 JDG 6 24 s81y 0 To this day This means to the time when the book of Judges was written.
434 JDG 6 24 y4ya 0 Ophrah Translate the name of this town as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
435 JDG 6 24 w4kn 0 the clan of Abiezer Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
436 JDG 6 25 h71y translate-ordinal 0 a second bull The word “second” is the ordinal number for “two.” Alternate translation: “another bull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
437 JDG 6 25 n1rh 0 that is beside it Alternate translation: “that is beside the altar of Baal”
438 JDG 6 26 tj4p 0 on the top of this place of refuge The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites.
439 JDG 6 26 gvr9 0 construct it the correct way Alternate translation: “place the stones in an orderly manner” or “and build it properly”
440 JDG 6 27 xp8k 0 did as Yahweh had told him This refers to Yahweh’s command in [Judges 6:25-26](./25.md).
441 JDG 6 28 mii1 0 got up Alternate translation: “got up out of bed” or “woke up”
442 JDG 6 28 i5zb figs-activepassive 0 the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
443 JDG 6 30 r7h5 figs-activepassive 0 he may be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we may kill him as punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
444 JDG 6 31 jw4v figs-rquestion 0 Will you plead the case for Baal? Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to defend Baal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
445 JDG 6 31 xk3a 0 plead the case Alternate translation: “make a defense” or “give an excuse”
446 JDG 6 31 n471 figs-rquestion 0 Will you save him? Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to save Baal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
447 JDG 6 32 j4wk translate-names 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
448 JDG 6 32 q44c 0 because he said Alternate translation: “because Joash said”
449 JDG 6 33 ual5 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
450 JDG 6 33 eu5d figs-explicit 0 gathered together The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gathered together as an army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
451 JDG 6 34 d9eb figs-idiom 0 came over Gideon This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “took control of Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
452 JDG 6 34 sz1y 0 clan of Abiezer Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
453 JDG 6 34 zxl8 figs-ellipsis 0 so they might follow him The words “to battle” are understood. Alternate translation: “so they might follow him to battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
454 JDG 6 35 sy9t figs-activepassive 0 and they too, were called out to follow him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “calling them out to follow him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
455 JDG 6 35 qb25 figs-metonymy 0 to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali These all represent the people of each tribe. Alternate translation: “to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
456 JDG 6 37 uf1b 0 woolen fleece the woolly coat of a sheep
457 JDG 6 37 qz5z 0 dew water that forms on plants during the night
458 JDG 6 37 s8ri figs-explicit 0 then I will know that you will The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
459 JDG 6 38 cs87 0 Gideon rose Alternate translation: “Gideon got out of bed”
460 JDG 6 38 ub6l 0 wrung twist and squeeze something to remove water
461 JDG 7 intro q545 0 # Judges 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God gets all of the credit<br><br>God said, “There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, ‘Our own power has saved us.’” By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
462 JDG 7 1 u963 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
463 JDG 7 1 se4n 0 they encamped Alternate translation: “they set up their camp”
464 JDG 7 1 q9lu translate-names 0 spring of Harod … hill of Moreh These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
465 JDG 7 1 w8xb figs-metonymy 0 The camp of Midian was to their north Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. Alternate translation: “The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
466 JDG 7 2 ja78 figs-abstractnouns 0 for me to give you victory over the Midianites The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites” or “for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
467 JDG 7 2 ww36 figs-metonymy 0 Our own power has saved us Here “power” represents the people themselves. Alternate translation: “We have saved ourselves without God’s help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
468 JDG 7 3 i31q 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
469 JDG 7 3 ahw6 figs-synecdoche 0 proclaim in the ears of the people Here “the ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “proclaim to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
470 JDG 7 3 gt6x figs-parallelism 0 Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles Both of these phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
471 JDG 7 3 h7mv 0 trembles This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. Alternate translation: “shakes with fear”
472 JDG 7 3 m53a figs-explicit 0 let him return You can make explicit where he will go. Alternate translation: “let him return to his home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
473 JDG 7 3 iup9 translate-names 0 Mount Gilead This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
474 JDG 7 3 s1sd translate-numbers 0 twenty-two thousand “22,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
475 JDG 7 3 wn6f figs-ellipsis 0 ten thousand remained The word “people” or “men” is understood. Alternate translation: “10,000 people remained” or “10,000 men remained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
476 JDG 7 3 z1zr translate-numbers 0 ten thousand “10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
477 JDG 7 4 t9yd figs-metonymy 0 I will make their number smaller for you there Here “number” represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
478 JDG 7 5 iem1 figs-go 0 Gideon brought The word “brought” can be translated as “took” or “led.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
479 JDG 7 5 w69s 0 laps to drink by licking with the tongue
480 JDG 7 6 ae7k translate-numbers 0 Three hundred men “300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
481 JDG 7 7 e8uv translate-numbers 0 three hundred men “300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
482 JDG 7 7 gk97 figs-you 0 I will rescue you and give you victory Here “you” is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
483 JDG 7 8 j7gy figs-activepassive 0 So those who were chosen If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those whom Yahweh chose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
484 JDG 7 8 u2nh 0 took their supplies and their trumpets Here “their” refers to the Israelite soldiers who were leaving the army.
485 JDG 7 8 cx8b 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
486 JDG 7 9 u84q figs-metonymy 0 Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it Here “camp” refers to the whole Midianite army. The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them” or “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
487 JDG 7 10 xqh7 figs-ellipsis 0 afraid to go down You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “afraid to go down to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
488 JDG 7 10 u4w3 translate-names 0 Purah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
489 JDG 7 11 j99j figs-activepassive 0 your courage will be strengthened If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you hear will be encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
490 JDG 7 11 wv5r 0 guard posts places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army
491 JDG 7 12 r5ww figs-simile 0 as thick as a cloud of locusts Here “cloud” means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
492 JDG 7 12 zt6s figs-hyperbole 0 Their camels were more … in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
493 JDG 7 12 d37k figs-activepassive 0 Their camels were more than could be counted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their camels were more than anyone could count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
494 JDG 7 14 yg52 figs-metonymy 0 This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon Here “the sword of Gideon” refers to Gideon’s army attacking. Alternate translation: “The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
495 JDG 7 14 v4e2 figs-pastforfuture 0 God has given him victory over Midian This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
496 JDG 7 16 xjf2 translate-numbers 0 three hundred men “300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
497 JDG 7 18 rj9w figs-explicit 0 For Yahweh and for Gideon! The words “we fight” are implied. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
498 JDG 7 19 cxa7 translate-numbers 0 hundred men “100 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
499 JDG 7 19 wba7 0 right at the beginning of the middle watch The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o’clock at night.
500 JDG 7 20 zfw1 figs-metonymy 0 The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon Here “sword” refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
501 JDG 7 22 nw1r translate-numbers 0 three hundred trumpets “300 trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
502 JDG 7 22 nk36 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh set every Midianite man’s sword against his comrades Here “sword” refers to their attack with the use of the sword. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
503 JDG 7 22 rv5b translate-names 0 Beth Shittah … Zererah … Abel Meholah … Tabbath These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
504 JDG 7 23 u5e9 figs-activepassive 0 The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
505 JDG 7 24 js9y translate-names 0 Beth Barah This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
506 JDG 7 24 u7ze 0 took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River Alternate translation: “took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah”
507 JDG 7 25 hn84 figs-explicit 0 at the rock of Oreb … at the winepress of Zeeb The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
508 JDG 7 25 rvj8 translate-names 0 Oreb … Zeeb These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
509 JDG 8 intro zh95 0 # Judges 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Succoth’s refusal to help Gideon<br>The men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Gideon refuses to be king<br><br>Gideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you.” Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone’s plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
510 JDG 8 1 sea3 figs-rquestion 0 What is this you have done to us? The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not treated us fairly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
511 JDG 8 1 f8fy figs-metonymy 0 against Midian Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
512 JDG 8 1 whc1 0 they had a violent argument with him they argued angrily with him” or “they rebuked him severely”
513 JDG 8 2 xg1a 0 General Information: Gideon replies to the men from Ephraim.
514 JDG 8 2 wpi2 figs-rquestion 0 What have I done now compared to you? Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “I have done very little compared with what you have done!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
515 JDG 8 2 xg8b figs-rquestion 0 Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
516 JDG 8 2 i6yr figs-rquestion 0 Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. Alternate translation: “What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
517 JDG 8 2 rr59 figs-metonymy 0 Abiezer This is the name of one of Gideon’s ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer’s descendants and their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
518 JDG 8 3 x1xa 0 Oreb and Zeeb See how you translated these names in [Judges 7:25](../07/25.md).
519 JDG 8 3 bi55 figs-rquestion 0 What have I accomplished compared to you? Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is more important than what I have done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
520 JDG 8 3 riv2 0 died down Alternate translation: “became less”
521 JDG 8 4 f6yp translate-numbers 0 the three hundred men “the 300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
522 JDG 8 4 s9yv figs-abstractnouns 0 kept up the pursuit The word “pursuit,” an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “continued to chase their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
523 JDG 8 5 zt2q translate-names 0 Zebah and Zalmunna These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
524 JDG 8 6 l71p figs-rquestion 0 Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand? The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. Alternate translation: “You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
525 JDG 8 6 aw3g figs-synecdoche 0 Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna Here “hands” refer to the whole body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
526 JDG 8 6 bn4x figs-metonymy 0 now in your hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
527 JDG 8 6 k3em figs-rquestion 0 Why should we give bread to your army? The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “We see no reason to give bread to your army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
528 JDG 8 7 gwp6 figs-explicit 0 I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
529 JDG 8 7 j77m 0 thorns and briers sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals
530 JDG 8 8 bi3x figs-synecdoche 0 He went up from there Here “He” refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate translation: “They left there” or “Gideon and his 300 men left there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
531 JDG 8 8 ikw7 translate-names 0 Peniel The name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
532 JDG 8 8 ak91 figs-ellipsis 0 spoke to the people there in the same way You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “asked for food there in the same way” or “he also asked them for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
533 JDG 8 9 y4qf figs-euphemism 0 When I come again in peace This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. Alternate translation: “After I have completely defeated the Midian army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
534 JDG 8 9 nth4 figs-synecdoche 0 I will pull down this tower Here “I” refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “My men and I will pull down this tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
535 JDG 8 10 nfu6 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
536 JDG 8 10 tli8 0 Zebah and Zalmunna See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
537 JDG 8 10 vw38 translate-names 0 Karkor This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
538 JDG 8 10 bh2j translate-numbers 0 fifteen thousand men “15,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
539 JDG 8 10 p2iw figs-euphemism 0 had fallen This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
540 JDG 8 10 j3dk translate-numbers 0 120,000 men “one hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
541 JDG 8 10 mz6t figs-metonymy 0 men who drew the sword Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. This could mean: (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
542 JDG 8 11 t81p figs-synecdoche 0 Gideon went up Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
543 JDG 8 11 y551 figs-synecdoche 0 He defeated Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
544 JDG 8 11 jbu9 translate-names 0 Nobah and Jogbehah These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
545 JDG 8 12 dmu9 0 Zebah and Zalmunna See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
546 JDG 8 12 if5y 0 panic extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally
547 JDG 8 13 w2l7 translate-names 0 the pass of Heres This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
548 JDG 8 14 a6z2 figs-explicit 0 questioned him It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. Alternate translation: “he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
549 JDG 8 14 l2rr translate-numbers 0 seventy-seven officials “77 officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
550 JDG 8 15 buj3 0 Zebah and Zalmunna See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
551 JDG 8 15 bnf8 figs-rquestion 0 Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna? Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. Alternate translation: “You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
552 JDG 8 16 ct8g figs-synecdoche 0 Gideon took … he punished Here “Gideon” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers took … they punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
553 JDG 8 16 vr3e 0 thorns and briers These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in [Judges 8:7](../08/07.md).
554 JDG 8 17 dbh6 figs-synecdoche 0 he pulled Gideon and his soldiers pulled. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers pulled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
555 JDG 8 17 jg81 0 Peniel Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 8:8](../08/08.md).
556 JDG 8 18 lav2 0 Zebah and Zalmunna See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
557 JDG 8 18 gw8k 0 Tabor Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
558 JDG 8 18 q1pd 0 As you are, so were they Alternate translation: “They were just like you”
559 JDG 8 19 jb1y figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. Alternate translation: “I promise you that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
560 JDG 8 20 xg9f translate-names 0 Jether This is the name of Gideon’s son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
561 JDG 8 21 p21p figs-idiom 0 For as the man is, so is his strength This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is a job for a man to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
562 JDG 8 21 lzn1 0 crescent This is a curved shape with two points. This shape occurs when the moon is mostly covered in shadow.
563 JDG 8 21 eu98 0 ornaments decorations
564 JDG 8 22 n3hy figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of Midian Here “hand” represents the power of Midian over Israel. Alternate translation: “from the power of Midian” or “from Midian” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
565 JDG 8 22 zz2f figs-metonymy 0 of Midian Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
566 JDG 8 24 va81 0 Gideon said to them Alternate translation: “Gideon said to the men of Israel”
567 JDG 8 24 qb9s 0 earrings jewelry worn on the ear
568 JDG 8 24 e5zj 0 plunder things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war
569 JDG 8 24 c2b3 writing-background 0 The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
570 JDG 8 25 ark2 0 cloak clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat
571 JDG 8 26 z8qb translate-numbers 0 1,700 shekels of gold “one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold.” If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “18.7 kilograms of gold” or “about 20 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
572 JDG 8 26 w5mz 0 crescent ornaments See how you translated this in [Judges 8:21](../08/21.md).
573 JDG 8 26 rc47 0 pendants pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces
574 JDG 8 26 z7ld figs-activepassive 0 that was worn by the kings of Midian If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the kings of Midian wore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
575 JDG 8 27 awh9 0 Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings Alternate translation: “Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod”
576 JDG 8 27 tir6 0 Ophrah Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
577 JDG 8 27 tyw2 figs-metaphor 0 all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
578 JDG 8 27 j6ye figs-hyperbole 0 all Israel Here “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. Alternate translation: “very many people in Israel worshiped the garment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
579 JDG 8 27 bbx3 figs-metaphor 0 It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunter’s snare that would trap them. Alternate translation: “It became a temptation for Gideon and his family” or “Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
580 JDG 8 27 i29y figs-metonymy 0 for those in his house Here “his house” represents Gideon’s family. Alternate translation: “for his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
581 JDG 8 28 wui8 figs-activepassive 0 So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel” or “So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
582 JDG 8 28 u2ar figs-idiom 0 they did not raise their heads up again This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they did not attack Israel again” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
583 JDG 8 28 un4l figs-metonymy 0 So the land had peace Here “land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
584 JDG 8 28 mw8q translate-numbers 0 forty years “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
585 JDG 8 28 z3zj 0 in the days of Gideon Alternate translation: “during the life of Gideon”
586 JDG 8 29 z3sb 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
587 JDG 8 30 m14n translate-numbers 0 seventy sons “70 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
588 JDG 8 32 i3jl figs-idiom 0 a good old age This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when he was very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
589 JDG 8 32 w8yg figs-activepassive 0 was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590 JDG 8 32 aen4 0 Ophrah Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
591 JDG 8 32 pc1f 0 the clan of Abiezer Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
592 JDG 8 33 be44 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
593 JDG 8 33 l1r2 figs-metaphor 0 turned again The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. Alternate translation: “they stopped worshiping Yahwheh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
594 JDG 8 33 gh13 figs-metaphor 0 prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
595 JDG 8 33 ce8s translate-names 0 Baal-Berith This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
596 JDG 8 34 k1h5 figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of all their enemies Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of all their enemies” or “from all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
597 JDG 8 34 lqk5 0 on every side Alternate translation: “who surrounded them”
598 JDG 8 35 svf8 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jerub Baal Here “the house of” represents a person’s family. Alternate translation: “the family of Jerub Baal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
599 JDG 8 35 w3k3 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
600 JDG 9 intro zl19 0 # Judges 9 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jotham’s curse<br><br>Gideon’s son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon’s other sons. “Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Tree metaphor<br><br>This chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
601 JDG 9 1 cb58 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
602 JDG 9 2 gfl5 figs-quotesinquotes 0 Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, ‘Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?’ This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
603 JDG 9 2 lpf2 translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
604 JDG 9 2 e38y figs-metonymy 0 I am your bone and your flesh Here “your bone and your flesh” represents being someone’s relative. Alternate translation: “I am a member of your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
605 JDG 9 3 ie29 0 His mother’s relatives spoke for him to the leaders This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king.
606 JDG 9 3 ubh9 0 they agreed to follow Abimelech Alternate translation: “they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader”
607 JDG 9 4 yf44 figs-metonymy 0 the house Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
608 JDG 9 4 yf3w translate-bmoney 0 seventy pieces of silver This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. Alternate translation: “almost one kilo of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
609 JDG 9 4 v8x5 translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
610 JDG 9 4 g7i4 0 Baal-Berith This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md).
611 JDG 9 4 mi77 0 worthless and reckless Alternate translation: “violent and foolish”
612 JDG 9 5 c56j 0 Ophrah Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
613 JDG 9 5 jer7 translate-numbers 0 one stone “1 stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
614 JDG 9 5 gnp3 translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
615 JDG 9 5 ilv2 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
616 JDG 9 6 up6d translate-names 0 Beth Millo This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
617 JDG 9 7 d3ws figs-parables 0 General Information: Jotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
618 JDG 9 7 ksz5 figs-activepassive 0 When Jotham was told about this If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
619 JDG 9 7 z9vx translate-names 0 Mount Gerizim This is a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
620 JDG 9 8 p19p figs-parables 0 The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
621 JDG 9 8 x1ky translate-symaction 0 to anoint a king over them Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
622 JDG 9 8 ai6t 0 Reign over us Alternate translation: “Be our king”
623 JDG 9 9 q6h3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my abundance … over the other trees? The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
624 JDG 9 9 v5cc figs-metonymy 0 abundance This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
625 JDG 9 9 b42t 0 by which gods and men are honored This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
626 JDG 9 9 ctc8 0 gods It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so this could mean: (1) “gods” or (2) “God.”
627 JDG 9 9 a9cy figs-metaphor 0 sway over To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
628 JDG 9 11 df3r figs-parables 0 the fig tree said to them Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
629 JDG 9 11 bi3f figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my sweetness … over the other trees? The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
630 JDG 9 11 jkz5 figs-abstractnouns 0 my sweetness and my good fruit The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
631 JDG 9 12 m2h3 figs-parables 0 The trees said to the vine In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
632 JDG 9 13 i2y3 figs-rquestion 0 Should I give up my new wine … over the other trees? The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
633 JDG 9 14 mp3a 0 thornbush Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.
634 JDG 9 15 g1p2 figs-parables 0 The thornbush said to the trees In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
635 JDG 9 15 zea8 translate-symaction 0 to anoint me as king over you To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
636 JDG 9 15 cm8a figs-abstractnouns 0 find safety The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
637 JDG 9 15 hvs5 0 fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars.
638 JDG 9 15 xn44 figs-123person 0 then let fire come out of the thornbush The thornbush refers to itself as “the thornbush.” Alternate translation: “then may fire come out from me, the thornbush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
639 JDG 9 16 ayq2 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
640 JDG 9 16 y7g3 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
641 JDG 9 16 nu7n figs-metonymy 0 his house Here “house” represents Gideon’s family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
642 JDG 9 17 x8ae 0 General Information: Jotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place.
643 JDG 9 17 fpm7 0 to think that my father fought for you … out of the hand of Midian Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem.
644 JDG 9 17 kqc3 figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of Midian Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the Midianites” or “from the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
645 JDG 9 18 cr5w figs-idiom 0 you have risen up against This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have opposed” or “you have rebelled against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
646 JDG 9 18 i5zw figs-metonymy 0 my father’s house Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my father’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
647 JDG 9 18 yy47 translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
648 JDG 9 18 ym97 translate-numbers 0 one stone “1 stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
649 JDG 9 18 c154 0 his female servant Here “his” refers to Gideon.
650 JDG 9 19 cwl5 figs-hypo 0 If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. Alternate translation: “If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
651 JDG 9 19 re1x 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
652 JDG 9 19 r5ce figs-metonymy 0 his house Here “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
653 JDG 9 20 rv9v figs-hypo 0 But if not Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. Alternate translation: “But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
654 JDG 9 20 g8i6 figs-metaphor 0 let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
655 JDG 9 20 ibq3 figs-metaphor 0 Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656 JDG 9 20 iey1 0 Beth Millo This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:6](../09/06.md).
657 JDG 9 21 pan4 translate-names 0 Beer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
658 JDG 9 23 bv9r 0 God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem.
659 JDG 9 24 xf1e figs-activepassive 0 God did this so the violence done … helped him murder his brothers The passive phrases can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
660 JDG 9 24 cb41 translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
661 JDG 9 24 b1g1 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
662 JDG 9 25 b7tx 0 positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him Alternate translation: “sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech”
663 JDG 9 25 pd3x figs-activepassive 0 This was reported to Abimelech If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
664 JDG 9 26 r2ue translate-names 0 Gaal … Ebed These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
665 JDG 9 26 mv9b figs-abstractnouns 0 had confidence in him The word “confidence” is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb “trust.” Alternate translation: “trusted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
666 JDG 9 27 i6sf 0 They went out into the field Here “They” refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem.
667 JDG 9 27 r8w9 figs-explicit 0 they trampled on them They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
668 JDG 9 27 c3x3 0 trampled Alternate translation: “crushed” or “stomped”
669 JDG 9 27 d9l2 figs-metonymy 0 in the house Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
670 JDG 9 28 yyy5 0 Gaal … Ebed See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
671 JDG 9 28 w9hj figs-rquestion 0 Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
672 JDG 9 28 dfp7 figs-parallelism 0 Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as “Shechem” because Abimelech’s mother was from Shechem. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
673 JDG 9 28 a6ws figs-rquestion 0 Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer? Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
674 JDG 9 28 p2s8 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
675 JDG 9 28 b36z translate-names 0 Zebul This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
676 JDG 9 28 rq5n 0 Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem’s father Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite.
677 JDG 9 28 ju72 figs-rquestion 0 Why should we serve Abimelech? Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
678 JDG 9 29 v1e2 0 I wish that this people were under my command Alternate translation: “I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem”
679 JDG 9 30 qj5l 0 Zebul See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
680 JDG 9 30 a53k 0 heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed Alternate translation: “heard what Gaal son of Ebed said”
681 JDG 9 30 p2rs 0 Gaal … Ebed See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
682 JDG 9 30 u13b figs-metaphor 0 his anger was kindled Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
683 JDG 9 30 lx8u figs-metonymy 0 the city Here “city” represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
684 JDG 9 31 u898 0 in order to deceive Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. Alternate translation: “secretly”
685 JDG 9 31 gvg1 figs-metaphor 0 they are stirring up the city against you This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. Alternate translation: “they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
686 JDG 9 32 yn4z 0 General Information: Zebul’s messengers continue talking to Abimelech.
687 JDG 9 32 j18v 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
688 JDG 9 32 mrh8 0 an ambush Alternate translation: “to hide and attack them suddenly”
689 JDG 9 33 k1f3 0 do whatever you can to them This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal.
690 JDG 9 34 be8t 0 all the men who were with him Alternate translation: “all the men accompanying Abimelech” or “all the men fighting for Abimelech”
691 JDG 9 34 b14p translate-numbers 0 dividing into four units “separating into 4 groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
692 JDG 9 35 q22c 0 Gaal … Ebed See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
693 JDG 9 36 v8bb 0 Gaal This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
694 JDG 9 36 vu4i 0 Zebul This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
695 JDG 9 36 gz9v 0 You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills”
696 JDG 9 37 kmf8 translate-numbers 0 one unit “1 group” or “1 troop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
697 JDG 9 38 tqh1 0 Zebul See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
698 JDG 9 38 qap7 figs-rquestion 0 Where are your proud words now, you Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You are not speaking proudly now, you” or “You are not proud now, you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
699 JDG 9 38 fub2 figs-rquestion 0 you who said, ‘Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?’ Zebul is quoting Gaal’s boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “you who said that we should not serve Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
700 JDG 9 38 qdj1 figs-rquestion 0 Are these not the men you despised? Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Here are the men that you despised.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
701 JDG 9 38 u392 0 despised strongly disliked or hated
702 JDG 9 39 h55i 0 Gaal See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
703 JDG 9 40 p7lv figs-idiom 0 Many fell with deadly wounds This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “And many men died of wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
704 JDG 9 41 y21z translate-names 0 Arumah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
705 JDG 9 41 q5ep 0 Zebul This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
706 JDG 9 41 f6ud 0 Gaal This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
707 JDG 9 42 em2h figs-activepassive 0 this was reported to Abimelech If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone reported this to Abimelech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
708 JDG 9 43 rm73 translate-numbers 0 divided them into three units “separated them into 3 groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
709 JDG 9 43 e8ph 0 they set an ambush in the fields Alternate translation: “they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise”
710 JDG 9 43 l12e figs-synecdoche 0 he attacked Here “he” refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
711 JDG 9 44 h6g9 0 the units Alternate translation: “the groups of soldiers”
712 JDG 9 44 a246 translate-numbers 0 other two “other 2” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
713 JDG 9 45 e7uy figs-synecdoche 0 Abimelech fought … He tore down Here “Abimelech” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Abimelech and his soldiers fought … They tore down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
714 JDG 9 45 ch7p figs-metonymy 0 against the city Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “against the people of Shechem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
715 JDG 9 45 zi77 0 tore down Alternate translation: “demolished”
716 JDG 9 45 t928 figs-explicit 0 spread salt over it “spread salt over the land.” Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
717 JDG 9 46 lty1 figs-metonymy 0 the house Here this represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
718 JDG 9 46 kw6q translate-names 0 El-Berith The word “El” means “god.” This is the same false god as “Baal-Berith” in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
719 JDG 9 47 hnv1 figs-activepassive 0 Abimelech was told If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
720 JDG 9 48 h1s8 translate-names 0 Mount Zalmon This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
721 JDG 9 49 thc7 0 piled This means to stack the branches into a large heap.
722 JDG 9 49 f9xs translate-numbers 0 about a thousand men “about 1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
723 JDG 9 50 jh8f translate-names 0 Thebez This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
724 JDG 9 50 nyj8 0 encamped against Thebez Alternate translation: “camped outside the city of Thebez”
725 JDG 9 52 jgq2 0 fought against it Alternate translation: “attacked it”
726 JDG 9 53 z9j6 0 upper millstone Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them.
727 JDG 9 54 vm49 0 armor-bearer This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech.
728 JDG 9 54 is1h 0 pierced him through This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech.
729 JDG 9 56 h9fb translate-numbers 0 seventy “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
730 JDG 9 57 fx65 figs-idiom 0 made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads “Evil turn back on their heads” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
731 JDG 9 57 hua1 figs-idiom 0 on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
732 JDG 9 57 q7dp 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
733 JDG 10 intro zqn2 0 # Judges 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Jephthah ([Judges 10-12](./01.md)).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s punishment<br>In Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
734 JDG 10 1 g7ww translate-names 0 Tola … Puah … Dodo These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
735 JDG 10 1 ti4g translate-names 0 Shamir This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
736 JDG 10 1 lxh7 0 arose to deliver Israel Alternate translation: “came to deliver Israel” or “became the leader to deliver Israel”
737 JDG 10 1 i5f3 figs-metonymy 0 deliver Israel Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
738 JDG 10 2 m2fd 0 He judged Israel Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
739 JDG 10 2 m93u translate-numbers 0 twenty-three years “23 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
740 JDG 10 2 unp5 figs-activepassive 0 was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
741 JDG 10 3 f3wi figs-activepassive 0 He was followed by Jair the Gileadite If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jair the Gileadite was leader after Tola” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
742 JDG 10 3 m9uk translate-names 0 Jair This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
743 JDG 10 3 j6fm 0 the Gileadite Jair was from the tribe of Gilead.
744 JDG 10 3 fmn8 0 He judged Israel Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
745 JDG 10 3 d5gs figs-metonymy 0 Israel Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
746 JDG 10 3 ezp7 translate-numbers 0 twenty-two years “22 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
747 JDG 10 4 i1hv translate-numbers 0 thirty sons “30 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
748 JDG 10 4 vb1y translate-names 0 Havvoth Jair This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
749 JDG 10 4 h644 0 to this day This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written.
750 JDG 10 5 t8ka figs-activepassive 0 was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
751 JDG 10 5 s19j translate-names 0 Kamon This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
752 JDG 10 6 lj2d figs-metaphor 0 added to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh This speaks of evil as if it were an object that a person could add to and make bigger. Alternate translation: “continued doing what Yahweh said was evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
753 JDG 10 6 ki1z figs-metaphor 0 in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
754 JDG 10 6 p7j4 0 Ashtoreths This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:13](../02/13.md).
755 JDG 10 6 r515 figs-parallelism 0 They abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him The author basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. These can be combined. Alternate translation: “They completely stopped worshiping Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
756 JDG 10 6 p6q5 figs-metaphor 0 They abandoned Yahweh No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
757 JDG 10 7 zf61 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh burned with anger toward Israel Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if anger were a burning fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was very angry at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
758 JDG 10 7 f4v2 figs-metaphor 0 he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
759 JDG 10 7 aj5n figs-metonymy 0 into the hand Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
760 JDG 10 8 psa9 figs-doublet 0 crushed and oppressed These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. Alternate translation: “terribly oppressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
761 JDG 10 8 q2ml translate-numbers 0 eighteen years “18 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
762 JDG 10 8 msz6 0 who were beyond the Jordan This means on the east side of the Jordan River.
763 JDG 10 8 b5w4 0 which is in Gilead Alternate translation: “this region is also called Gilead”
764 JDG 10 9 wq6g figs-metonymy 0 Judah … Benjamin “Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people belonging to those tribes. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Judah … the people of the tribe of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
765 JDG 10 9 nt9c figs-metonymy 0 house of Ephraim The “house” refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
766 JDG 10 9 gl3b figs-metonymy 0 so that Israel was greatly distressed “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Israel suffered much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
767 JDG 10 10 lda9 0 the people of Israel called out to Yahweh This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help.
768 JDG 10 10 b8t5 figs-metaphor 0 because we abandoned our God The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
769 JDG 10 10 t38a figs-123person 0 abandoned our God The people are speaking to Yahweh and refer to him as “our God.” This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “abandoned you, our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
770 JDG 10 12 lf73 figs-rquestion 0 and also from the Sidonians? God is rebuking the people of Israel for their worship of other gods. The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Did I not deliver you” in verse 11 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who delivered you … and also from the Sidonians.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
771 JDG 10 12 w39a translate-names 0 Maonites These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
772 JDG 10 12 e4ml figs-metonymy 0 from their power Here “power” represents the Amalekites and the Maonites. Alternate translation: “from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
773 JDG 10 13 p759 figs-metaphor 0 you abandoned me again The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
774 JDG 10 13 zdy2 figs-idiom 0 I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you The phrase “keep adding to the times” is an idiom that means to continue to do something. You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Yahweh’s saying. Alternate translation: “I will not keep on delivering you again and again” or “You can be sure that I will stop delivering you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
775 JDG 10 16 i2l8 figs-explicit 0 foreign gods among them You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “foreign gods whose images they possessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
776 JDG 10 16 m6hd figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh could bear Israel’s misery no longer Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
777 JDG 10 18 j3k2 0 Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites? Alternate translation: “Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?”
778 JDG 11 intro q7si 0 # Judges 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jephthah the leader<br><br>Jephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them.
779 JDG 11 1 yk6s translate-names 0 Gileadite This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father’s name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
780 JDG 11 2 r35b 0 When his wife’s sons grew up Alternate translation: “When the sons of Gilead’s wife became adults”
781 JDG 11 3 aw1r translate-names 0 the land of Tob Tob is the name of a region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
782 JDG 11 3 f5ze 0 they traveled with him Alternate translation: “they followed him” or “they went everywhere together”
783 JDG 11 4 cn67 0 Some days later Alternate translation: “Some time later”
784 JDG 11 4 s6ku figs-idiom 0 made war against Israel The phrase “made war” is an idiom which means that they attacked Israel and were at war with them. Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “attacked the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
785 JDG 11 6 b37n 0 that we may fight with Alternate translation: “so that we can fight against”
786 JDG 11 7 f7vj figs-metonymy 0 my father’s house Here “house” refers to people living in the house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
787 JDG 11 8 ph3x figs-explicit 0 That is why we are turning to you now The word “that” refers to what Jephthah said about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are turning to you now because we are in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
788 JDG 11 8 uem9 0 fight with the people of Ammon Alternate translation: “fight against the people of Ammon”
789 JDG 11 11 hf4c figs-doublet 0 leader and commander These two words basically have the same meaning repeated to emphasize how important Jephthah had became. You can combine the two words. Alternate translation: “commander” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
790 JDG 11 11 v6uq figs-idiom 0 When he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made This is an idiom. Here the phrase “before Yahwheh” means that he repeated his promises as a vow before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When Jephthah was in Mizpah he repeated all of these promises as a vow before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
791 JDG 11 11 w6mk 0 all the promises he made This refers to the promises he made to the leaders of Gilead about becoming their leader.
792 JDG 11 12 ybt9 0 What is this conflict between us “Why is there conflict between us?” Jephthah is asking the king why they are angry with Israel.
793 JDG 11 12 su7k figs-synecdoche 0 Why have you come with force to take our land The word “you” refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Why have your soldiers come to seize our land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
794 JDG 11 12 hwk4 0 come with force to take Alternate translation: “come to forcefully take”
795 JDG 11 13 qdz6 translate-names 0 Arnon … Jabbok These are the names of two rivers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
796 JDG 11 13 ps71 0 over to the Jordan Alternate translation: “on the other side of the Jordan River”
797 JDG 11 13 tsw4 0 in peace Alternate translation: “peacefully” or “and do not try to defend them”
798 JDG 11 15 i4ns figs-explicit 0 he said Here the word “he” refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word “they” as in the UST, referring to the group of messengers. Alternate translation: “Jephthah told the messengers to say” or “they said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
799 JDG 11 16 e7sj figs-idiom 0 they came up from Egypt Whenever people traveled to the promised land it is referred to as going “up” to the promised land. When the Israelites left Egypt they were on their way to the promised land. Alternate translation: “they left Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
800 JDG 11 17 je4p 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
801 JDG 11 17 tn6f figs-synecdoche 0 When Israel sent messengers The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
802 JDG 11 17 kl4c 0 pass through Alternate translation: “go through” or “cross”
803 JDG 11 17 v8aa figs-idiom 0 would not listen This phrase is an idiom that means to “refuse.” Alternate translation: “refused” or “denied their request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
804 JDG 11 17 q2mz figs-explicit 0 They also sent messengers to the king of Moab The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
805 JDG 11 17 x2ue figs-explicit 0 but he refused The king of Moab refused Israel’s request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
806 JDG 11 18 el82 0 Arnon This is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
807 JDG 11 19 msq6 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
808 JDG 11 19 ur8x figs-synecdoche 0 Israel sent messengers to Sihon The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
809 JDG 11 19 j2t5 translate-names 0 Sihon This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
810 JDG 11 19 pyu6 translate-names 0 Heshbon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
811 JDG 11 20 mn9x translate-names 0 Jahaz This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
812 JDG 11 20 ew16 figs-explicit 0 But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
813 JDG 11 20 d9ga figs-synecdoche 0 there he fought The word “he” refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “there they fought” or “there his army fought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
814 JDG 11 21 sf5x 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
815 JDG 11 21 fsk6 0 Sihon See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
816 JDG 11 21 vp7w figs-metonymy 0 gave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel Here “hand” refers to power to defeat in battle. Alternate translation: “gave Israel power over Sihon and all his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
817 JDG 11 22 ce2e 0 Arnon … Jabbok See how you translated the names of these rivers in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
818 JDG 11 23 v22e 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
819 JDG 11 23 ru3n figs-rquestion 0 should you now take possession of their land? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with this rhetorical question. The word “their” refers to the Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, you should not take possession of their land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
820 JDG 11 24 nr59 figs-rquestion 0 Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
821 JDG 11 24 bcm5 figs-idiom 0 take over This is an idiom which means to take control of something. Alternate translation: “take control of” or “take possession of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
822 JDG 11 24 z3zh translate-names 0 Chemosh This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
823 JDG 11 25 wln3 figs-rquestion 0 Now are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not better than Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
824 JDG 11 25 fk7m translate-names 0 Balak … Zippor These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
825 JDG 11 25 giw3 figs-rquestion 0 Did he dare to have an argument with Israel? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
826 JDG 11 25 k8y5 figs-rquestion 0 Did he ever wage war against them? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Nor did he ever wage war against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
827 JDG 11 26 pty2 0 General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
828 JDG 11 26 t5g4 translate-numbers 0 three hundred years “300 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
829 JDG 11 26 pu9w 0 Heshbon Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
830 JDG 11 26 c2xi translate-names 0 Aroer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
831 JDG 11 26 h61t figs-rquestion 0 why then did you not take them back during that time? Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should have taken them back during that time.” or “now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
832 JDG 11 27 aei3 figs-synecdoche 0 I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. Alternate translation: “The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
833 JDG 11 27 n4fk figs-idiom 0 done you wrong … doing me wrong This is an idiom. To do someone wrong means to do something wrong to them. Alternate translation: “treated you wrongly … treating me wrongly” or “treated you unfairly … treating me unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
834 JDG 11 29 p2lw figs-idiom 0 the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah This is an idiom which means that the Spirit influenced Jephthah’s decisions. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took control of Jephthah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
835 JDG 11 29 dq1c figs-explicit 0 he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
836 JDG 11 31 kh4e figs-idiom 0 I will offer it up This is an idiom which means to give something as an offering. Alternate translation: “I will offer it to you” or “I will sacrifice it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
837 JDG 11 32 wr1n figs-synecdoche 0 So Jephthah passed through … Yahweh gave him victory Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate translation: “So Jephthah and his army passed through … Yahweh gave them victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
838 JDG 11 33 rt2j figs-synecdoche 0 He attacked Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself (verse 32). Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
839 JDG 11 33 dl1t 0 Aroer Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 11:26](../11/26.md).
840 JDG 11 33 pfq6 translate-names 0 Minnith … Abel Keramim These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
841 JDG 11 33 i18j translate-numbers 0 twenty cities “including 20 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
842 JDG 11 34 ng9v translate-unknown 0 tambourines musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
843 JDG 11 35 md3n translate-symaction 0 he tore his clothes This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. Alternate translation: “he tore his clothes from grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
844 JDG 11 35 puu2 figs-parallelism 0 You have crushed me with sorrow … you have become one who causes me pain Jephthah said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
845 JDG 11 35 qi6c figs-metaphor 0 You have crushed me with sorrow Here Jephthah speaks of his great sorrow as something that crushes him. Alternate translation: “You have caused me great sorrow” or “You have filled me with sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
846 JDG 11 35 dvs5 figs-metaphor 0 you have become one who causes me pain Here Jephthah talks about his great distress and trouble as if it were pain. Alternate translation: “you have become someone who troubles me” or “you cause me great distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
847 JDG 11 35 gvy5 figs-idiom 0 I cannot turn back on my promise This is an idiom. To turn back on a promise means to not do what you have promised to do. Alternate translation: “I must do what I have promised” or “I cannot break my promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
848 JDG 11 36 e6gu figs-explicit 0 has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
849 JDG 11 37 hj6q figs-activepassive 0 Let this promise be kept for me This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “Keep this promise for me” or “Keep this promise concerning me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
850 JDG 11 37 dh7s 0 grieve over my virginity Alternate translation: “weep because I am a virgin” or “cry because I will never be married”
851 JDG 11 39 n4my figs-euphemism 0 had never known a man This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had never had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
852 JDG 11 40 s739 0 the Gileadite This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md).
853 JDG 12 intro p8zn 0 # Judges 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Shibboleth<br><br>This is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
854 JDG 12 1 mp3k figs-abstractnouns 0 A call went out to the men of Ephraim If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **call**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The men of Ephraim were called together” or “The men … of Ephraim called together their soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
855 JDG 12 1 ubq3 translate-names 0 Zaphon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
856 JDG 12 1 hh1l 0 passed through … pass through or “traveled through … travel” or “journeyed through … journey”
857 JDG 12 1 lt7l figs-idiom 0 We will burn your house down over you This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. Alternate translation: “We will burn your house down with you still in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
858 JDG 12 2 fsb1 figs-you 0 When I called you, you Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
859 JDG 12 2 nxf4 figs-synecdoche 0 did not rescue me Jephthah uses the word “me” to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. Alternate translation: “do not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
860 JDG 12 3 s3v2 figs-you 0 you did not rescue me The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “you did not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
861 JDG 12 3 zev7 figs-idiom 0 I put my life in my own hand This is an idiom which means to risk one’s life and to rely only on one’s own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. Alternate translation: “We risked our lives, relying on our own strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
862 JDG 12 3 u5y7 figs-explicit 0 Yahweh gave me victory Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave us victory over them” or “Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
863 JDG 12 3 uje8 figs-you 0 Why have you come to fight against me The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “Why have you come to fight against us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
864 JDG 12 3 nt4r figs-explicit 0 passed through against the people of Ammon This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
865 JDG 12 4 by47 figs-synecdoche 0 he fought against Ephraim The word “he” refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. Alternate translation: “they fought against Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
866 JDG 12 4 y6zx figs-explicit 0 You Gileadites are fugitives You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. Alternate translation: “You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
867 JDG 12 4 p9f2 0 Gileadites people from Gilead
868 JDG 12 4 h3vl 0 in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh “in the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh” or “in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh.” Here “Ephraim” and “Manasseh” refer to regions and are named after the tribes which live there.
869 JDG 12 5 dcy5 0 to Ephraim Alternate translation: “to the land of Ephraim”
870 JDG 12 5 f8sh 0 The Gileadites captured Alternate translation: “The Gileadites controlled” or “The Gileadites occupied”
871 JDG 12 5 yc1p 0 fords These are places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow.
872 JDG 12 5 w1cc 0 Ephraimite person from the tribe of Ephraim
873 JDG 12 6 cee8 translate-transliterate 0 Shibboleth … Sibboleth These words have no meaning. Copy these words into your language, and make sure that the beginning of the words, that is the letters “Sh” and “S” are translated differently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
874 JDG 12 6 uc7k 0 pronounce the word Alternate translation: “make the sound of the word”
875 JDG 12 6 d82p translate-numbers 0 Forty-two thousand “42,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
876 JDG 12 6 c2bb figs-activepassive 0 Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They killed forty-two thousand Ephraimites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
877 JDG 12 7 v8rv figs-activepassive 0 Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jephthah the Gileadite died and they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
878 JDG 12 8 ha85 translate-names 0 Ibzan of Bethlehem This is the name of a man from Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
879 JDG 12 9 d515 figs-idiom 0 He gave away thirty daughters in marriage Here “give away … in marriage” is an idiom which means that he allowed his daughters to get married. Alternate translation: “He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
880 JDG 12 9 r2m9 figs-idiom 0 he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside The idiom “bring them in from the outside” means that he had women from other clans marry his sons. Alternate translation: “he arranged for thirty daughters of other men from outside of his clan to marry his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
881 JDG 12 10 jbg6 figs-activepassive 0 was buried at Bethlehem If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Bethlehem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
882 JDG 12 11 k8nx translate-names 0 Elon This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
883 JDG 12 11 jl6e 0 Zebulunite someone from the tribe of Zebulun
884 JDG 12 12 dn79 0 Aijalon Translate the name of this place the same way you did in [Judges 1:35](../01/35.md).
885 JDG 12 12 dzh4 figs-activepassive 0 was buried in Aijalon If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Aijalon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
886 JDG 12 13 x9gz translate-names 0 Abdon … Hillel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
887 JDG 12 13 z3n6 translate-names 0 Pirathon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
888 JDG 12 14 n7k2 figs-metonymy 0 They rode on seventy donkeys These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word “rode” is used instead of “owned.” Alternate translation: “They owned seventy donkeys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
889 JDG 12 14 ua8s translate-numbers 0 forty sons … thirty grandsons … seventy donkeys “40 sons…30 grandsons…70 donkeys (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
890 JDG 12 15 wqm2 translate-names 0 Pirathonite … Pirathon Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
891 JDG 13 intro eu67 0 # Judges 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Samson ([Judges 13-16](./01.md)).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Warning not to cut his hair<br><br>The angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson’s mother. Samson’s mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person’s hair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
892 JDG 13 1 acr5 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
893 JDG 13 1 g29r figs-metonymy 0 he gave them into the hand of the Philistines Here “hand” refers to power to gain victory in battle. Alternate translation: “he allowed the Philistines to defeat them” or “he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
894 JDG 13 1 jxd2 translate-numbers 0 forty years “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
895 JDG 13 2 y3dj translate-names 0 Zorah This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
896 JDG 13 2 l3wl 0 Danites people from the tribe of Dan
897 JDG 13 2 v9vw translate-names 0 Manoah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
898 JDG 13 3 a36u figs-idiom 0 give birth to a son This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
899 JDG 13 4 nfl8 figs-metaphor 0 anything unclean Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
900 JDG 13 5 q3p1 0 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
901 JDG 13 5 wb3h figs-metonymy 0 No razor will be used upon his head Here the word “head” refers to his hair. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one should ever cut his hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
902 JDG 13 5 lb1d 0 razor a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin
903 JDG 13 5 vq8h figs-explicit 0 a Nazirite to God This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
904 JDG 13 5 zui7 figs-metonymy 0 from the womb Here the word “womb” refers to the time before the child is born. Alternate translation: “from before he is born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
905 JDG 13 5 am6s figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the Philistines Here the word “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “the control of the Philistines” or “being under the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
906 JDG 13 6 djg9 figs-explicit 0 A man of God This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “A man that God sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
907 JDG 13 6 w3z3 figs-simile 0 his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible Here “terrible” means “frightening.” Alternate translation: “I was very afraid of him because he looked like an angel of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
908 JDG 13 7 n53c 0 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
909 JDG 13 7 p1sr figs-idiom 0 give birth to a son This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
910 JDG 13 7 s1qy figs-metaphor 0 any food that the law declares to be unclean Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
911 JDG 13 7 pd9a figs-explicit 0 a Nazirite to God This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
912 JDG 13 7 xct1 figs-merism 0 from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. Alternate translation: “all his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
913 JDG 13 8 nb4i 0 Manoah See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
914 JDG 13 9 m96n figs-explicit 0 came to the woman You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the author’s words. Alternate translation: “came to Manoah’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
915 JDG 13 10 me6y 0 Look Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
916 JDG 13 10 snn4 figs-explicit 0 The man This refers to the angel of God in [Judges 13:3](../13/03.md). This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the man of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
917 JDG 13 12 gti5 0 your words Alternate translation: “what you have said”
918 JDG 13 14 u67r figs-metonymy 0 anything that comes from the vines Here the angel refers to any food that grow on a vine as “coming” from the vine. Alternate translation: “anything that grows on a vine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
919 JDG 13 14 f8vu figs-metaphor 0 unclean Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 13:7](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
920 JDG 13 15 aw65 figs-explicit 0 prepare a young goat for you You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoah’s statement. Alternate translation: “cook a young goat for you to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
921 JDG 13 17 ut4y 0 your words come true Alternate translation: “what you have said comes true”
922 JDG 13 18 dsd7 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you ask my name? The angel asks this question as a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not ask me what my name is.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
923 JDG 13 18 rr96 figs-explicit 0 It is wonderful It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. Alternate translation: “It is too wonderful for you to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
924 JDG 13 19 lw91 figs-explicit 0 with the grain offering This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. Alternate translation: “with the grain offering required with it” or “with the grain offering to accompany it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
925 JDG 13 19 d2km 0 on the rock “on the altar.” The altar Manoah sacrificed the offering on was a rock.
926 JDG 13 19 pqv4 0 He did something Alternate translation: “The angel did something”
927 JDG 13 20 s8h8 0 the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar”
928 JDG 13 20 g2fz translate-symaction 0 lay facedown on the ground “lay with their faces to the ground.” This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
929 JDG 13 21 yi5q 0 that he was the angel of Yahweh The word “he” refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen.
930 JDG 13 22 f9uz figs-explicit 0 We are sure to die, because we have seen God It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “God will cause us to die because we have seen him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
931 JDG 13 23 u22x figs-parallelism 0 He would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things Manoah’s wife said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “He would not have told us what he wanted us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
932 JDG 13 24 n565 0 the woman Alternate translation: “Manoah’s wife”
933 JDG 13 24 lz2q figs-idiom 0 gave birth to a son This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bore a son” or “had a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
934 JDG 13 24 ht9i 0 grew up Alternate translation: “became an adult” or “matured”
935 JDG 13 25 hmc1 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh’s Spirit began to stir him Here the way Yahweh’s Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit began to influence Samson” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
936 JDG 13 25 wnc2 translate-names 0 Mahaneh Dan … Eshtaol Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
937 JDG 13 25 x4d3 0 Zorah Translate the name of this town the same way you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
938 JDG 14 intro cl2d 0 # Judges 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Intermarriage<br><br>It was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson’s parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
939 JDG 14 1 bwa3 translate-names 0 Samson went down to Timnah The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
940 JDG 14 1 u7xb figs-euphemism 0 one of the daughters of the Philistines The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people” or “a Philistine girl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
941 JDG 14 2 b9h1 figs-idiom 0 Now get her for me to be my wife This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to become my wife” or “Make the arrangements for me to marry her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
942 JDG 14 3 lcb9 figs-rquestion 0 Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people? They ask this question to suggest that they could find Samson a wife among their own people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
943 JDG 14 3 x278 figs-euphemism 0 the daughters of your relatives The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among your relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
944 JDG 14 3 wj22 figs-rquestion 0 Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines? This question is asked to rebuke Samson. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind this question as a statement. you could make explicit the reason his parents do not want him to marry a Philistine. Alternate translation: “You really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
945 JDG 14 3 srv6 figs-idiom 0 Get her for me This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to be my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
946 JDG 14 3 r62c figs-explicit 0 she pleases me This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. “I am pleased by how beautiful she is” or “she is beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
947 JDG 14 4 ubq9 0 this matter This refers to Samson’s request to marry the Philistine woman.
948 JDG 14 4 k7hy 0 for he desired to create a conflict The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
949 JDG 14 5 d4lt translate-names 0 Samson went down to Timnah The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timnah was a city in the Sorek Valley. Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 14:1](../14/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
950 JDG 14 5 ty9r figs-idiom 0 And, look, there one of the young lions came up Here the word “look” is used to draw the readers attention to a surprising event that happens in the story. The phrase “came up” means that the lion came near him. Alternate translation: “Suddenly, a young lion came near him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
951 JDG 14 5 szi7 0 was roaring at him “threatened him.” This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something.
952 JDG 14 6 m9m5 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh’s Spirit suddenly came on him The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit made him very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
953 JDG 14 6 ryx9 0 tore … apart tore into two pieces
954 JDG 14 6 t92d figs-litotes 0 had nothing in his hand Here it states that he had nothing in his hand to emphasize that he was not holding a weapon. Alternate translation: “did not have a weapon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
955 JDG 14 7 s2mj figs-explicit 0 she pleased Samson This means that he thought she was very beautiful. Alternate translation: “he was pleased by how beautiful she was” or “he thought she was very beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
956 JDG 14 8 d5v9 figs-idiom 0 he turned aside This means that he left his path to do something. Alternate translation: “he left the path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
957 JDG 14 8 ude7 0 carcass dead body
958 JDG 14 8 um8z figs-idiom 0 And, look, there was a swarm of bees Here the word “look” is used to draw the reader’s attention to something surprising that happens in the story. Alternate translation: “He found a swarm of bees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
959 JDG 14 8 y8ha 0 swarm large group of insects
960 JDG 14 9 u3ie 0 scraped up Alternate translation: “gathered up”
961 JDG 14 10 cm3z figs-idiom 0 Samson’s father went down to where the woman was The phrase “went down” is used to describe Timnah which is lower in elevation than where Samson’s father lives. Alternate translation: “Samson’s father went to where the woman lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
962 JDG 14 10 ugh2 figs-explicit 0 the custom of the young men It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. Alternate translation: “the custom of young men who were getting married” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
963 JDG 14 11 ff89 translate-numbers 0 thirty of their friends “30 of their friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
964 JDG 14 12 kh6c 0 riddle a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
965 JDG 14 12 a8er figs-idiom 0 can find it out This means to figure out the meaning of the riddle. Alternate translation: “can figure out its meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
966 JDG 14 12 fk4t translate-numbers 0 thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes “30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
967 JDG 14 12 ze1u 0 linen a type of cloth
968 JDG 14 13 yu1y figs-you 0 But if you cannot tell me Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the guests at the feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
969 JDG 14 14 z49r 0 General Information: Samson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means.
970 JDG 14 14 j8sv 0 Out of the eater was something to eat Alternate translation: “Out of the eater came something to eat” or “Something to eat came out of something that eats”
971 JDG 14 14 mcm3 0 the eater The noun “eater” can be expressed as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the thing that eats”
972 JDG 14 14 hsz9 0 out of the strong was something sweet Alternate translation: “out of the strong came something sweet” or “Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong”
973 JDG 14 14 ck4e figs-nominaladj 0 the strong This refers to something that is strong. Alternate translation: “the strong thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
974 JDG 14 14 bdu6 0 his guests Alternate translation: “the men at his feast”
975 JDG 14 14 mf31 figs-metaphor 0 could not find the answer Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. Alternate translation: “could not figure out the answer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
976 JDG 14 15 wrs2 translate-ordinal 0 the fourth day “day 4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
977 JDG 14 15 w5dc 0 Trick mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
978 JDG 14 15 jx5r figs-metonymy 0 your father’s house This could mean: (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
979 JDG 14 15 t8sh figs-idiom 0 will burn up The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
980 JDG 14 15 si25 figs-rquestion 0 Did you invite us here in order to make us poor? They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
981 JDG 14 15 sg4i figs-explicit 0 to make us poor They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
982 JDG 14 16 hr3k figs-parallelism 0 All you do is hate me! You do not love me Samson’s wife basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You do not really love me at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
983 JDG 14 16 d72a 0 riddle a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
984 JDG 14 16 j4gp 0 Look here This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
985 JDG 14 16 zq8z figs-rquestion 0 if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
986 JDG 14 17 ejm7 0 during the seven days that their feast lasted This could mean: (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.”
987 JDG 14 17 rfq6 translate-ordinal 0 the seventh day “day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
988 JDG 14 17 xid1 figs-idiom 0 she pressured him very much Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
989 JDG 14 18 ui6t figs-explicit 0 the men of the city This refers to Samson’s wife’s relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
990 JDG 14 18 mq6y translate-ordinal 0 the seventh day “day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
991 JDG 14 18 vi1z figs-rquestion 0 What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion? This is the answer to the riddle. It may be written as a statement instead of as questions. If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding more information. Alternate translation: “Honey is sweet and a lion is strong.” or “Honey is sweet and it came out of a lion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
992 JDG 14 18 scv6 figs-metaphor 0 If you had not plowed with my heifer Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another person’s heifer to plow his field. Alternate translation: “If you had not used my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
993 JDG 14 18 cl8w 0 plowed To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds.
994 JDG 14 19 m2gz figs-idiom 0 came on Samson with power The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” or “made Samson very powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
995 JDG 14 19 ht3c translate-numbers 0 killed thirty of their men “killed 30 of their men” - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
996 JDG 14 19 kc4e 0 their men Alternate translation: “the men who lived there”
997 JDG 14 19 u2u5 0 plunder things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle
998 JDG 14 19 axx7 figs-explicit 0 their clothes These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. Alternate translation: “the sets of clothing that he had taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
999 JDG 14 19 ym43 0 Burning with anger Alternate translation: “Very angry”
1000 JDG 14 19 d5ji 0 went up to his father’s house The phrase “went up” is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his father’s house is located.
1001 JDG 14 20 hb14 figs-activepassive 0 Samson’s wife was given to his best friend If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his wife’s father gave her to his best friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1002 JDG 14 20 ibt7 0 best friend Alternate translation: “closest friend”
1003 JDG 15 intro dn16 0 # Judges 15 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Samson’s strength<br><br>The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson’s power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
1004 JDG 15 1 gn7w figs-idiom 0 He said to himself This refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “He thought to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1005 JDG 15 1 n6ml figs-explicit 0 I will go to my wife’s room Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will go to my wife’s room, so we may sleep together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1006 JDG 15 1 hmg4 figs-ellipsis 0 would not allow him to go in The phrase “her room” is understood from what Samson said to himself. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “would not permit him to go into her room” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1007 JDG 15 2 f2qk figs-explicit 0 so I gave her to your friend This means that he gave her to be his friend’s wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “so I gave her to be married to your friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1008 JDG 15 2 pn1a figs-rquestion 0 is she not? He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hope you agree.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1009 JDG 15 2 ruf2 figs-explicit 0 Take her instead He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Take her to be your wife instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1010 JDG 15 3 b19a figs-explicit 0 I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1011 JDG 15 4 vl3y translate-numbers 0 three hundred foxes “300 foxes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1012 JDG 15 4 bxn9 0 foxes Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals.
1013 JDG 15 4 g4ms 0 each pair a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails
1014 JDG 15 4 l3z7 0 tail to tail Alternate translation: “by their tails”
1015 JDG 15 4 b6p3 0 torches A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light.
1016 JDG 15 5 p7mc 0 standing grain grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field
1017 JDG 15 5 i6qn 0 stacked grain the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested
1018 JDG 15 5 a7kw 0 orchards An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown.
1019 JDG 15 6 mns7 0 the Timnite’s son-in-law The husband of a man’s daughter is a “son-in-law.”
1020 JDG 15 6 r78s translate-names 0 Timnite This is a person from Timnah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1021 JDG 15 6 uk9a figs-explicit 0 took Samson’s wife and gave her to his friend Samson’s wife’s father gave her in marriage to Samson’s friend. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “took Samson’s wife and allowed her to marry Samson’s friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1022 JDG 15 6 hz8u figs-idiom 0 burned up The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1023 JDG 15 7 sj8e 0 said to them Alternate translation: “said to the Philistines”
1024 JDG 15 7 k4eu 0 If this is what you do Alternate translation: “Because you have done this.”
1025 JDG 15 8 x42b figs-synecdoche 0 he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh Here “hip and thigh” refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate translation: “He cut their bodies to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1026 JDG 15 8 m2qa figs-idiom 0 he went down Here the phrase “went down” does not likely mean that he changed elevation, but rather, it is a way to describe someone going to another place. Alternate translation: “he went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1027 JDG 15 8 xk3p 0 cave an opening in a hill or mountainside
1028 JDG 15 8 yl63 0 cliff a high, rocky hill or mountainside
1029 JDG 15 8 b6rw translate-names 0 Etam This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1030 JDG 15 9 g7cb 0 the Philistines came up … in Judah The phrase “came up” is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from.
1031 JDG 15 9 fkh2 0 prepared for battle Alternate translation: “organized themselves for battle”
1032 JDG 15 9 v6jw translate-names 0 Lehi This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1033 JDG 15 10 ut2q figs-explicit 0 do to him as he has done to us The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. Alternate translation: “kill him like he killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1034 JDG 15 11 y64p translate-numbers 0 three thousand men of Judah “3,000 men of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1035 JDG 15 11 ji18 0 cave in the cliff of Etam See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md).
1036 JDG 15 11 k7fw figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us? The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. Alternate translation: “You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1037 JDG 15 11 td2d figs-explicit 0 They did to me, and so I have done to them Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They killed my wife, so I killed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1038 JDG 15 12 a6ty figs-metonymy 0 the hands of the Philistines Here “hands” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1039 JDG 15 13 nz1k figs-idiom 0 hand you over to them This means to cause someone to be under someone else’s control. Alternate translation: “give you to the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1040 JDG 15 13 m8g6 figs-explicit 0 up from the rock This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md). Here the words “up from” mean that they had brought him away from the cave. Alternate translation: “away from the cave in the large rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1041 JDG 15 14 dr4z figs-explicit 0 When he came Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. Alternate translation: “When they came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1042 JDG 15 14 xp7l 0 Lehi This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md).
1043 JDG 15 14 w48h figs-idiom 0 came on him with power The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1044 JDG 15 14 nue5 figs-simile 0 The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. Alternate translation: “He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1045 JDG 15 14 d1fe 0 flax fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth
1046 JDG 15 15 w6nt 0 a fresh jawbone This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set.
1047 JDG 15 15 nb59 translate-numbers 0 a thousand men “1,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1048 JDG 15 16 dzp6 0 the jawbone of a donkey Alternate translation: “a donkey’s jawbone”
1049 JDG 15 16 dm4v figs-explicit 0 heaps upon heaps This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1050 JDG 15 17 ra2d translate-names 0 Ramath Lehi This is the name of a place. It’s name means “Jawbone Hill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1051 JDG 15 18 ta26 0 was very thirsty Alternate translation: “needed water to drink”
1052 JDG 15 18 t3wx figs-hyperbole 0 But now will I die of thirst and fall into … uncircumcised? This could mean: (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into … uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into … uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1053 JDG 15 18 h9yr figs-idiom 0 die of thirst This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1054 JDG 15 18 u4x9 figs-idiom 0 fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1055 JDG 15 19 c7pf 0 split open the hollow place “opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear.
1056 JDG 15 19 c776 0 Lehi See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md)
1057 JDG 15 19 rty1 figs-parallelism 0 his strength returned and he revived These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “he became strong again” or “he was revived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1058 JDG 15 19 r7ji translate-names 0 En Hakkore This is the name of a spring of water. The name means “spring of him who prayed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1059 JDG 15 19 k47v figs-idiom 0 it is at Lehi to this day This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase “to this day” refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1060 JDG 15 20 ru29 figs-explicit 0 in the days of the Philistines This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “during the time the Philistines controlled Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1061 JDG 15 20 l52v translate-numbers 0 for twenty years “for 20 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1062 JDG 16 intro u81n 0 # Judges 16 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Samson’s mistake<br><br>Samson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson’s only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.
1063 JDG 16 1 l289 figs-euphemism 0 he went to bed with her The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1064 JDG 16 2 j859 translate-names 0 The Gazites were told The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1065 JDG 16 2 fyj2 0 The Gazites surrounded the place … they waited for him all night at the city gate This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.
1066 JDG 16 2 lsy6 0 They kept silent all night This could mean: (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.”
1067 JDG 16 3 iye2 0 until midnight Alternate translation: “until the middle of the night”
1068 JDG 16 3 fv5x 0 its two posts These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts.
1069 JDG 16 3 c2m4 0 bar and all The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars.
1070 JDG 16 3 m4dx 0 shoulders the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body
1071 JDG 16 3 yq6t translate-names 0 Hebron This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1072 JDG 16 4 itb4 translate-names 0 Valley of Sorek This is the name of a valley near Samson’s home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1073 JDG 16 5 c6wz 0 Trick to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
1074 JDG 16 5 x4w2 figs-idiom 0 to see This is an idiom that means to learn something. Alternate translation: “to understand” or “to learn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1075 JDG 16 5 vq28 figs-idiom 0 where his great strength lies This is an idiom that refers to where his strength comes from. Alternate translation: “what causes him to be very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1076 JDG 16 5 y38x 0 by what means we may overpower him Alternate translation: “how we might overpower him”””
1077 JDG 16 5 g3bg translate-numbers 0 1,100 pieces of silver “one thousand one hundred pieces of silver.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1078 JDG 16 6 r4hy figs-activepassive 0 bind you, so you might be controlled If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “bind you to control you” or “bind you to restrain you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1079 JDG 16 7 ae1p 0 fresh bowstrings Bowstrings were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. The words “fresh bowstrings” refer to those that come from a freshly slaughtered animal that have not yet dried.
1080 JDG 16 7 z8ml figs-activepassive 0 that have not been dried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that have not yet dried” or “that are not dry yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1081 JDG 16 8 xv64 figs-activepassive 0 that had not been dried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that had not yet dried” or “that were not dry yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1082 JDG 16 8 xt1g 0 she tied Samson up with them Alternate translation: “Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings”
1083 JDG 16 9 n6px writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1084 JDG 16 9 by3q figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1085 JDG 16 9 sy3a figs-simile 0 he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire The author describes how easily he broke the bowstrings by comparing them to how yarn breaks when it is burned. Alternate translation: “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if he were breaking burned yarn” or “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if they were made of thin yarn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1086 JDG 16 10 x2km figs-parallelism 0 This is how you have deceived me and told me lies. Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “You have greatly deceived me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1087 JDG 16 10 e5iw 0 you can be overpowered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you”
1088 JDG 16 12 vpr3 figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1089 JDG 16 12 rnx9 figs-idiom 0 lying in wait This means that they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. Alternate translation: “waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1090 JDG 16 12 j7zp figs-simile 0 like they were a piece of thread The author describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to him breaking a piece of thread. Alternate translation: “as easily as if they were only a piece of thread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1091 JDG 16 13 hg41 figs-parallelism 0 you have deceived me and told me lies Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “you have greatly deceived me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1092 JDG 16 13 t97z figs-activepassive 0 you may be overpowered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1093 JDG 16 13 s6f3 0 weave crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place
1094 JDG 16 13 h8x3 0 locks of my hair small bunches of hair
1095 JDG 16 13 c2e8 0 fabric cloth made from weaving material together
1096 JDG 16 13 wv5v translate-unknown 0 loom a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1097 JDG 16 13 gkr7 0 then nail that to the loom Alternate translation: “then nail the fabric to the loom”
1098 JDG 16 13 pn2m 0 nail to hammer a nail in order to hold something in one place
1099 JDG 16 13 w58a figs-explicit 0 I will be like any other man The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be as weak as any other man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1100 JDG 16 14 h61l figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1101 JDG 16 14 k9fi figs-explicit 0 he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1102 JDG 16 14 lc6p 0 the pin This is the wooden nail or peg used to fasten the fabric to the loom.
1103 JDG 16 15 zzt1 figs-rquestion 0 How can you say, ‘I love you,’ when you do not share your secrets with me? Delilah asks this question to say that if Samson really loved her he would tell her his secrets. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “When you say ‘I love you,’ you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1104 JDG 16 16 s5ui figs-idiom 0 pressed him hard … pressured him Here the author speaks of how Delilah tries to persuade Samson as if she were putting pressure on him to convince him to tell her what she wants to know. Alternate translation: “tried hard to persuade him … kept trying to persuade him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1105 JDG 16 16 imn2 0 with her words Alternate translation: “by what she said to him”
1106 JDG 16 16 iqa6 figs-hyperbole 0 that he wished he would die The author used a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize how miserable Sampson felt. Alternate translation: “that he was completely miserable” or “that he was very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1107 JDG 16 17 c8q9 figs-explicit 0 told her everything everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “told her the source of his strength” or “told her the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1108 JDG 16 17 y8xz 0 razor a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person’s skin
1109 JDG 16 17 z2nf figs-explicit 0 a Nazirite for God This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1110 JDG 16 17 fhm4 figs-metonymy 0 from my mother’s womb Here “from my mother’s womb” refers to when he was born. This means that he has been a Nazirite since he was born. Alternate translation: “my entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1111 JDG 16 17 t2us figs-activepassive 0 If my head is shaved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone shaves my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1112 JDG 16 17 seg5 0 shaved to have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor
1113 JDG 16 17 iq1l figs-personification 0 my strength will leave me Samson speaks about his strength as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “I will not be strong any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1114 JDG 16 18 m9zg figs-idiom 0 Delilah saw Here the word “saw” is a idiom that means to realize something. Alternate translation: “Delilah realized” or “Delilah learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1115 JDG 16 18 z2eu figs-explicit 0 the truth about everything Here the word “everything” refers to everything about why Samson was strong. Alternate translation: “the truth about why he is strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1116 JDG 16 18 x4mm 0 Come up again Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from.
1117 JDG 16 18 ipi8 figs-explicit 0 bringing the silver in their hands This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. Alternate translation: “bringing the silver that they had promised to give her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1118 JDG 16 19 h2jg 0 She had him fall asleep Alternate translation: “She caused him to fall asleep”
1119 JDG 16 19 x4y8 figs-explicit 0 in her lap This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with his head on her lap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1120 JDG 16 19 gjg3 0 lap The lap is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down.
1121 JDG 16 19 vai4 figs-possession 0 the seven locks of his head Samson had seven locks of hair on his head. Locks are small bunches of hair. Here his locks of hair are described as “belonging” to his head. Alternate translation: “the seven locks of hair on his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
1122 JDG 16 19 w8dj 0 subdue him Alternate translation: “control him”
1123 JDG 16 19 qt31 figs-personification 0 his strength had left him Here Samson’s strength is described as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “his strength was gone” or “he was no longer strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1124 JDG 16 20 e9dj figs-idiom 0 The Philistines are upon you The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1125 JDG 16 20 jt7e 0 woke up Alternate translation: “awakened”
1126 JDG 16 20 n31e 0 get out Alternate translation: “escape”
1127 JDG 16 20 n47x figs-explicit 0 But he did not know that Yahweh had left him It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1128 JDG 16 21 ve9n figs-idiom 0 put out his eyes This means that they removed his eyes from his head. Alternate translation: “removed his eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1129 JDG 16 21 z2vv 0 down to Gaza The phrase “down to” is used here because they brought Samson to Gaza which is lower in elevation than his home where they captured him.
1130 JDG 16 21 t7gr 0 bound him with bronze shackles Alternate translation: “chained him with bronze shackles” or “tied him up using bronze shackles”
1131 JDG 16 21 t1sq 0 shackles locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both
1132 JDG 16 21 mn74 0 turned the millstone Alternate translation: “pulled the millstone around in a circle”
1133 JDG 16 21 ujq1 0 millstone This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it.
1134 JDG 16 22 ru6p figs-activepassive 0 after it had been shaved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the Philistines had shaved it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1135 JDG 16 23 b13v translate-names 0 Dagon a major false god of the Philistines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1136 JDG 16 23 p125 0 has conquered Alternate translation: “has defeated”
1137 JDG 16 23 ekg1 figs-metaphor 0 put him in our grasp Here the author speak of Samson being under the rulers’ control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. Alternate translation: “put him under our control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1138 JDG 16 24 ums1 0 the destroyer of our country This refers to Samson. The word “destroyer” can be expressed with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “the man who has destroyed our country”
1139 JDG 16 24 y4qk figs-synecdoche 0 who killed many of us Here the word “us” refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. Alternate translation: “who killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1140 JDG 16 25 hiy5 figs-explicit 0 Call for Samson … They called for Samson Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. Alternate translation: “Call for them to bring out Samson … They brought Samson” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1141 JDG 16 26 b8yg 0 the boy “the young man” This was not a young child, but rather a youth.
1142 JDG 16 26 d2gs 0 Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests Alternate translation: “Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building”
1143 JDG 16 27 fx8p writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1144 JDG 16 27 cp19 translate-numbers 0 three thousand men and women “3,000 men and women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1145 JDG 16 27 l6hc 0 looking on Alternate translation: “watching”
1146 JDG 16 27 ulj6 0 while Samson was entertaining them It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him.
1147 JDG 16 28 n4yh 0 called to Yahweh Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh”
1148 JDG 16 28 ypq4 figs-idiom 0 call me to mind This means to remember him and his situation. Alternate translation: “remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1149 JDG 16 28 ld69 0 only this once Alternate translation: “one more time”
1150 JDG 16 28 f2en figs-idiom 0 in one blow on the Philistines This idiom means that he wants to have one more powerful act against the Philistines to get full revenge for what they did to him. Alternate translation: “with one strike against the Philistine” or “in one powerful act against the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1151 JDG 16 29 dmd3 0 on which the building rested Alternate translation: “which held up the building”
1152 JDG 16 30 mt5g figs-explicit 0 He stretched out with his strength When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. Alternate translation: “He used his strength to push down the pillars” or “He used his strength to push over the pillars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1153 JDG 16 30 i5lw figs-nominaladj 0 the dead This refers to people who are dead. Alternate translation: “the dead people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1154 JDG 16 30 u7yd 0 were more Alternate translation: “were a greater amount”
1155 JDG 16 31 rl5r figs-metonymy 0 all the house of his father Here the word “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “all of his father’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1156 JDG 16 31 jg6m 0 came down The phrase “came down” is used here because the place that Samson’s family traveled form was higher in elevation than Gaza.
1157 JDG 16 31 na1k 0 Zorah … Eshtaol See how you translated the names of these places in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md) and [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
1158 JDG 16 31 de6c 0 in the burial place of Manoah, his father Alternate translation: “where his father, Manoah, is buried”
1159 JDG 16 31 i2d4 translate-names 0 Manoah See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1160 JDG 16 31 wv8z figs-explicit 0 Samson had judged Israel for twenty years This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/20.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. Alternate translation: “Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1161 JDG 16 31 vmv2 translate-numbers 0 twenty years “20 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1162 JDG 17 intro c454 0 # Judges 17 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idols and figures<br><br>According to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
1163 JDG 17 1 rrp1 writing-participants 0 There was a man This is a way to introduce a new person to the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
1164 JDG 17 1 ke46 translate-names 0 Micah This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1165 JDG 17 2 c1x6 translate-numbers 0 1,100 pieces “one thousand one hundred pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1166 JDG 17 2 k7it figs-activepassive 0 that were taken from you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone stole from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1167 JDG 17 2 m56x 0 I stole it Alternate translation: “I was the one who took it”
1168 JDG 17 3 z9j9 translate-numbers 0 1,100 pieces “one thousand one hundred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1169 JDG 17 3 p6yd figs-idiom 0 set apart This means to dedicate something to a specific purpose. Alternate translation: “dedicate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1170 JDG 17 3 sc6v 0 cast metal metal that has been melted and poured into a mold to form a special shape
1171 JDG 17 3 ss9u 0 I restore it to you Alternate translation: “I give it back to you”
1172 JDG 17 4 xsr8 translate-numbers 0 two hundred pieces of silver “200 pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1173 JDG 17 4 r9hl figs-activepassive 0 they were placed in the house of Micah The word “they” refers to the metal figures. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Micah placed them in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1174 JDG 17 5 f5zy figs-explicit 0 a house of idols This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a house for worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1175 JDG 17 6 mxx3 figs-metaphor 0 everyone did what was right in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “each person did what he decided was right” or “each person did what he judged to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1176 JDG 17 7 z9bc 0 of Bethlehem Alternate translation: “from Bethlehem”
1177 JDG 17 7 u5wv figs-explicit 0 of the clan of Judah This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “who was living among the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1178 JDG 17 7 ktm7 0 He stayed there to fulfill his duties Alternate translation: “He lived and worked there”
1179 JDG 17 8 pd1z 0 find a place to live Alternate translation: “find a different place to live”
1180 JDG 17 9 u9x8 figs-explicit 0 where I might live It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. Alternate translation: “where I might live and have a job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1181 JDG 17 10 s5tz figs-metonymy 0 a father and a priest The word “father” is here used in the sense of an advisor, and not to a literal father. Alternate translation: “an advisor and a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1182 JDG 17 10 mw13 0 I will give you ten pieces of silver a year Alternate translation: “I will give you ten pieces of silver each year”
1183 JDG 17 10 j73e 0 a suit of clothes Alternate translation: “a set of clothes”
1184 JDG 17 10 tm7m figs-explicit 0 So the Levite went into his house It is implied that the Levite accepted Micah’s offer, and therefore, entered Micah’s house. Alternate translation: “So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1185 JDG 17 11 mvs9 figs-simile 0 the young man became to Micah like one of his sons The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. Alternate translation: “the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1186 JDG 17 12 t9an figs-idiom 0 Micah set apart the Levite Here “set apart” means that Micah “dedicated” or “ordained” him. Alternate translation: “Micah dedicated the Levite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1187 JDG 17 12 s6d6 figs-metonymy 0 was in Micah’s house Here living in Micah’s house is spoken of as “being” in his house. Alternate translation: “lived in Micah’s house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1188 JDG 18 intro y2ru 0 # Judges 18 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribe of Dan<br><br>The tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes’ victories. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])
1189 JDG 18 1 d1r4 writing-newevent 0 In those days This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1190 JDG 18 1 w9qn writing-background 0 In those days … from among the tribes of Israel This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1191 JDG 18 1 g4f2 figs-explicit 0 not received any inheritance from This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. Alternate translation: “not received a land inheritance from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1192 JDG 18 2 f83t figs-metonymy 0 from the whole number of their tribe The phrase “the whole number” refers to all of the men in the tribe. Alternate translation: “from among all of the men in their tribe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1193 JDG 18 2 j6xd 0 experienced warriors Alternate translation: “experienced fighters”
1194 JDG 18 2 jv96 0 Zorah See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
1195 JDG 18 2 cgy7 0 Eshtaol See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
1196 JDG 18 2 wg6e figs-idiom 0 to scout the land on foot The phrase “on foot” means to walk. Alternate translation: “to scout the land by walking through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1197 JDG 18 2 bt98 0 Micah See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 17:1](../17/01.md).
1198 JDG 18 3 c2tl figs-metonymy 0 they recognized the speech of the young Levite They recognized the man by the sound of his voice. Here “speech” refers to his “voice.” Alternate translation: “they heard the young Levite talking, and they recognized his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1199 JDG 18 7 i57p translate-names 0 Laish This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1200 JDG 18 7 a8c9 0 There was no one who conquered Alternate translation: “There were no enemies living in their land who had conquered them”
1201 JDG 18 7 ch81 0 had no dealings with anyone “had no contact with any outsiders.” This means they lived far enough away from any other city that they lived secluded from other people.
1202 JDG 18 8 f5il 0 Zorah Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
1203 JDG 18 8 lih2 0 Eshtaol Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
1204 JDG 18 9 zpe9 figs-rquestion 0 Are you doing nothing? This rhetorical question is asked sarcastically and means that they should be doing the opposite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should be acting now!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1205 JDG 18 9 n8um figs-doublenegatives 0 Do not be slow to attack These two negative words “not” and “slow” together emphasize the positive idea to attack quickly. Alternate translation: “Hurry! Attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1206 JDG 18 10 r61z 0 the land is wide “the land is large.” This is a description of the size of the land.
1207 JDG 18 10 ab9j figs-hyperbole 0 that does not lack anything in the land The men use a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that it is a very desirable place to live. Alternate translation: “where we will have everything there that we need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1208 JDG 18 10 aj2l figs-doublenegatives 0 that does not lack anything The two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “has everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1209 JDG 18 11 b97l translate-numbers 0 Six hundred men “600 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1210 JDG 18 12 z66i translate-names 0 Kiriath Jearim This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1211 JDG 18 12 q4cf 0 Mahaneh Dan Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
1212 JDG 18 12 f453 figs-idiom 0 to this day This means that something remains the same. It refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “and that is still its name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1213 JDG 18 14 l46p 0 Laish Translate the name of this town the same as you did in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
1214 JDG 18 14 g3gr figs-rquestion 0 in these houses there are an ephod,…metal figure? Decide … will do The five men asked this question to suggest and encourage the men that they should steal the idols. This can be written as a statement, and the implied information may be given in a parenthetical phrase. Alternate translation: “these houses contain an ephod,…metal figure. (They were suggesting that the men steal these things.) Decide … will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1215 JDG 18 14 g8xi 0 in these houses there are Alternate translation: “in one of these house there is” or “among these houses is”
1216 JDG 18 15 cx88 0 they turned in there Alternate translation: “they turned”
1217 JDG 18 15 tf6m 0 they greeted him The word “him” refers to the Levite.
1218 JDG 18 16 m84v translate-numbers 0 six hundred Danites “600 Danites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1219 JDG 18 17 a6nq translate-numbers 0 six hundred men “600 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1220 JDG 18 19 fje7 figs-rquestion 0 Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man … a clan in Israel? They ask this as a rhetorical question to imply that it is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is better for you to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel than for just the house of one man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1221 JDG 18 20 z2bp figs-synecdoche 0 The priest’s heart was glad Here the priest is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “The priest was glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1222 JDG 18 21 v31e figs-explicit 0 They put the small children in front of themselves They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. Alternate translation: “They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1223 JDG 18 21 t33e 0 they turned Alternate translation: “the Danites turned around”
1224 JDG 18 22 p9e2 figs-idiom 0 a good distance “some distance.” This refers a short distance but one that is long enough to be considered as measurable progress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1225 JDG 18 22 l34e figs-activepassive 0 the men who were in the houses near Micah’s house were called together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he called together the men who were in the houses near his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1226 JDG 18 22 vkf1 0 they caught up with the Danites This implies that they ran after them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “running after the Danites, they caught up with them”
1227 JDG 18 23 c2k3 figs-rquestion 0 Why have you been called together? This question is a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have called your men together to chase us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1228 JDG 18 23 sbb8 figs-activepassive 0 been called together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “called these men together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1229 JDG 18 24 dy7i figs-metonymy 0 the gods that I made Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them. Alternate translation: “the gods which I had made for me” or “the gods which a craftsman made for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1230 JDG 18 24 edz2 figs-rquestion 0 What else do I have left? Micah asks this question to emphasize that he no longer has the things that are important to him. Alternate translation: “I have nothing left.” or “You have taken everything that is important to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1231 JDG 18 24 i1v2 figs-rquestion 0 How can you ask me, ‘What is bothering you?’ Micah asks this question to emphasize that the Danites definitely know what is bothering him. Alternate translation: “You know that I am greatly distressed!’” or “You know how much I am bothered by what you have done to me!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1232 JDG 18 25 yzy3 figs-metonymy 0 let us hear you say anything The phrase “us hear you say” refers to the Danites hearing Micah speaking about what had happened, but it also includes if they are told by others that Micah had spoken about what had happened. Alternate translation: “let us find out that you have said anything” or “say anything about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1233 JDG 18 25 pgt9 figs-explicit 0 hear you say anything The word “anything” refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micah’s house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “hear you say anything about this matter” or “hear you say anything about what has happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1234 JDG 18 25 fqe4 figs-activepassive 0 you and your family will be killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “kill you and your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1235 JDG 18 26 g59x figs-idiom 0 went their way This means that they continued on their journey. Alternate translation: “continued on their journey” or “continued travelling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1236 JDG 18 26 v6df figs-explicit 0 they were too strong for him This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. Alternate translation: “they were too strong for him and his men to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1237 JDG 18 27 k9py figs-metonymy 0 what Micah had made Micah did not make his gods, rather a craftsman made them for him. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the things that had been made for Micah” or “Micah’s things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1238 JDG 18 27 fw33 0 Laish See how you translated this in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
1239 JDG 18 27 r1pv figs-synecdoche 0 with the edge of the sword “with their swords.” Here “the sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1240 JDG 18 28 p5rb 0 they had no dealings with anyone this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
1241 JDG 18 28 vw28 translate-names 0 Beth Rehob This is a name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1242 JDG 18 30 z23n figs-explicit 0 Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The young Levite’s name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1243 JDG 18 30 myi7 figs-metaphor 0 until the day of the land’s captivity This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. Alternate translation: “until the day that their enemies conquered their land” or “until the day that their enemies took them captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1244 JDG 18 31 m78z figs-metonymy 0 that he made Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. Alternate translation: “that had been made for him” or “that his craftsman made for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1245 JDG 19 intro gj7f 0 # Judges 19 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The sin of Benjamin<br><br>People from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor’s wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
1246 JDG 19 1 akh7 writing-newevent 0 In those days This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1247 JDG 19 1 u1qs 0 remote far from where most people live
1248 JDG 19 2 p37k figs-explicit 0 was unfaithful to him This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. Alternate translation: “began to sleep with other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1249 JDG 19 3 e9q8 0 His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys Alternate translation: “He took with him his servant and two donkeys”
1250 JDG 19 4 bhr2 0 His father-in-law, the girl’s father, persuaded Alternate translation: “His father-in-law, that is, the girl’s father, persuaded” or “The girl’s father persuaded”
1251 JDG 19 4 v2kw 0 persuaded him to stay Alternate translation: “spoke to him so he decided to stay”
1252 JDG 19 5 in6x 0 he prepared the Levite prepared
1253 JDG 19 5 kp5g figs-synecdoche 0 Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread Here “bread” refers to “food.” Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1254 JDG 19 6 j88k 0 Please be willing to spend the night Alternate translation: “Please stay another night”
1255 JDG 19 8 a9ur figs-metonymy 0 Strengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon The father-in-law is suggesting that he strengthen himself by eating. He is also asking him to wait until the afternoon to leave. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel, and wait until afternoon to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1256 JDG 19 9 lvj4 0 now the day is advancing toward evening Alternate translation: “the day is almost over” or “it is almost evening”
1257 JDG 19 10 amf9 0 that is Jerusalem Alternate translation: “which was later called Jerusalem”
1258 JDG 19 11 l8er figs-idiom 0 Come, let us This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1259 JDG 19 11 k4l3 figs-idiom 0 turn aside to This means to take a break from their journey and stop somewhere along the route. Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1260 JDG 19 12 yc4v figs-idiom 0 turn aside into This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1261 JDG 19 13 mke2 figs-idiom 0 Come, let us This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1262 JDG 19 15 fgr6 figs-idiom 0 turned aside This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1263 JDG 19 15 bqt5 0 the city square the marketplace where people gathered during the day
1264 JDG 19 15 w9ny figs-idiom 0 took them into his house This phrase means for someone to invite them to spend the night in their home. Alternate translation: “invited them to stay in their house for that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1265 JDG 19 16 z1l2 0 Benjamites A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
1266 JDG 19 17 lsd3 figs-metaphor 0 He raised his eyes Here the man looked up and paid attention to what was around him. Alternate translation: “He looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1267 JDG 19 17 h3nh 0 the city square the marketplace where people gathered during the day. See how you translated this in [Judges 19:14](../19/14.md).
1268 JDG 19 18 jzg4 figs-idiom 0 who will take me into his house This phrase refers to someone inviting other people into his house to spend the night there. Alternate translation: “who has invited me to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1269 JDG 19 18 c5ti figs-synecdoche 0 will take me Here the Levite says “me,” but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. Alternate translation: “will take us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1270 JDG 19 19 he3w figs-activepassive 0 there is bread and wine Change to active voice. Alternate translation: “we have plenty of bread and wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1271 JDG 19 19 gw93 figs-123person 0 me and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants The Levite speaks of himself and the others as servants and in the third person to show respect. Alternate translation: “me, my concubine, and my servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1272 JDG 19 19 w8hb figs-litotes 0 We lack nothing This can be written as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “We have everything we need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1273 JDG 19 20 ep3p 0 Only do not “Do not.” The word “only” is used here to emphasize what he did not want the Levite to do.
1274 JDG 19 20 jm1p 0 square This refers to the city square. See how you translated this [Judges 19:17](../19/17.md).
1275 JDG 19 21 z5ah figs-idiom 0 brought the Levite into his house This means that he invited the Levite to spend the night in his house. Also, by inviting the Levite he was inviting the man’s concubine and servant as well. Alternate translation: “invited the Levite and his servants to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1276 JDG 19 22 dx6j figs-idiom 0 they were making their hearts glad The phrase “making their hearts glad” is an idiom that means to have a good time with someone else. Alternate translation: “they were have a good time together” or “they were enjoying themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1277 JDG 19 22 q1dh 0 some men of … surrounded the house Some men stood on all sides of the house.
1278 JDG 19 24 k4nm 0 See This word is used to get the peoples’ attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
1279 JDG 19 25 lk3t figs-metaphor 0 the men would not listen to him Here the author speaks of “agreeing” as if it were “listening.” Alternate translation: “the men would not accept his offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1280 JDG 19 25 ty8i 0 the man seized his concubine there could be confusion as to the identity of the man. Alternate translation: “the Levite seized his concubine”
1281 JDG 19 25 d28f 0 at dawn “when the sun was coming up” or “at first light” This refers to when the sun begins to rise.
1282 JDG 19 26 irp4 figs-idiom 0 it was light This refers to morning when it is bright outside. Alternate translation: “the sun was fully risen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1283 JDG 19 28 gk5s figs-explicit 0 But there was no answer The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But she did not answer because she was dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1284 JDG 19 29 r79a figs-idiom 0 limb by limb “section by section.” The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. “Limbs” refers to a person’s arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1285 JDG 19 29 fx7u translate-numbers 0 twelve pieces “12 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1286 JDG 19 29 xd3i figs-explicit 0 sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel This means that he sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. Alternate translation: “sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1287 JDG 20 intro lla1 0 # Judges 20 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Benjamin destroyed<br><br>The army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant.
1288 JDG 20 1 wg4p figs-simile 0 as one man This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1289 JDG 20 1 jp6a figs-merism 0 from Dan to Beersheba This refers to the land as a whole. Alternate translation: “from all the eleven tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1290 JDG 20 2 ze7s 0 God—400,000 men on foot Alternate translation: “God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came”
1291 JDG 20 2 hzs8 0 ready to fight “capable of going to war.” They were not going to fight each other.
1292 JDG 20 3 sl7g 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew.
1293 JDG 20 3 x8r4 0 had gone up to Mizpah Mizpah was located high in the mountains.
1294 JDG 20 4 sa27 0 to spend the night Alternate translation: “for the night” or “to stay for a night”
1295 JDG 20 6 gkc4 figs-hendiadys 0 wickedness and outrage The word “outrage” describes the “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “outrageous wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1296 JDG 20 7 h9h3 0 Now This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite.
1297 JDG 20 7 wp5t figs-doublet 0 give your advice and counsel here The words “advice” and “counsel” refer to the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “decide what we need to do about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1298 JDG 20 8 s9g2 figs-simile 0 as one This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. They all acted together in exactly the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1299 JDG 20 8 s835 figs-parallelism 0 None of us will go to his tent … none of us will return to his house These two clauses say basically the same thing twice for emphasis. They can be combined. The words “none … go” and “none … return” emphasizes how the people will continue to stay there. They can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will all stay here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1300 JDG 20 9 xy7l 0 But now These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation.
1301 JDG 20 9 l369 0 as the lot directs This involved tossing or rolling small marked stones to determine what God wants.
1302 JDG 20 10 wsa9 translate-numbers 0 ten men of a hundred … one hundred of a thousand … one thousand of ten thousand “10 men out of 100…100 out of 1,000…1,000 out of 10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1303 JDG 20 10 mm9k 0 provisions food and other things the people need
1304 JDG 20 11 wfs1 0 assembled against the city Alternate translation: “came together to attack the city”
1305 JDG 20 13 m9f5 figs-idiom 0 put them to death This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them” or “execute them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1306 JDG 20 13 n1zx figs-metonymy 0 the voice of their brothers Here “voice” refers to the message that they spoke. Alternate translation: “what their brother said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1307 JDG 20 15 s9ku translate-numbers 0 twenty-six thousand “26,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1308 JDG 20 15 g1vk translate-numbers 0 seven hundred “700” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1309 JDG 20 16 a8xm 0 left-handed A left-handed person is someone who is more skilled with their left hand than with their right hand.
1310 JDG 20 16 u1tj 0 could sling a stone at a hair and not miss This show how amazingly well they could aim and hit their target. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “could throw a stone at even a hair and hit it” or “could throw a stone at something as small as a hair and hit it”
1311 JDG 20 17 apy5 0 not counting Alternate translation: “not including”
1312 JDG 20 17 g8sz translate-numbers 0 400,000 “four hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1313 JDG 20 18 w2v7 0 asked for advice from God Alternate translation: “asked God what to do” or “asked God how to continue”
1314 JDG 20 19 k8jq 0 moved their camp near Gibeah There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight.
1315 JDG 20 21 vj4c translate-numbers 0 twenty-two thousand “22,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1316 JDG 20 22 cr9j figs-idiom 0 strengthened themselves Here “strengthened” is an idiom that means they encouraged each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1317 JDG 20 22 wb6t 0 they formed the battle line This probably means that the Israelites prepared their battle lines for the next day’s fighting. Alternate translation: “they got ready to fight the next day”
1318 JDG 20 23 cpc2 0 they sought direction from Yahweh The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine God’s will.
1319 JDG 20 25 t59r translate-numbers 0 eighteen thousand “18,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1320 JDG 20 26 y97x 0 before Yahweh Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence” or “to Yahweh”
1321 JDG 20 27 usm6 writing-background 0 for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1322 JDG 20 27 cs7a 0 was there in those days Alternate translation: “was at Bethel in those days”
1323 JDG 20 28 ly8e writing-background 0 and Phinehas … was serving before the ark in those days This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1324 JDG 20 28 d9ma figs-explicit 0 was serving before the ark The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “was serving as priest before the ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1325 JDG 20 28 w427 figs-explicit 0 Attack The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Attack the army of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1326 JDG 20 29 f7uq figs-metonymy 0 Israel set men Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1327 JDG 20 29 k5i5 0 secret places Alternate translation: “in ambush”
1328 JDG 20 31 t9eh figs-explicit 0 fought against the people The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1329 JDG 20 31 d8me figs-activepassive 0 they were drawn away from the city If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel drew them away from the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1330 JDG 20 31 z77c figs-explicit 0 They began to kill some of the people The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1331 JDG 20 32 e81w 0 just as at first Alternate translation: “just as before” or “just like the first two times”
1332 JDG 20 33 a2ik translate-names 0 Baal Tamar This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1333 JDG 20 33 swx2 translate-names 0 Maareh Gibeah This is the name of a place. Other translations may read “fields of Gibeah” or “west of Gibeah” or “Maareh Geba.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1334 JDG 20 34 de7z translate-numbers 0 ten thousand “10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1335 JDG 20 34 wk8a figs-idiom 0 chosen men This is an idiom that means these were particularly good soldiers. Alternate translation: “well-trained soldier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1336 JDG 20 34 p4k5 figs-metaphor 0 disaster was close to them Here immanent disaster is spoken of as if it was standing very close by them. Alternate translation: “they would soon be completely defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1337 JDG 20 35 bt91 translate-numbers 0 25,100 men “twenty-five thousand one hundred men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1338 JDG 20 36 mrd4 writing-background 0 The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men … outside Gibeah From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1339 JDG 20 36 i3ru figs-idiom 0 had given ground to Benjamin This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. Alternate translation: “had allowed Benjamin to move forward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1340 JDG 20 36 sq9e figs-idiom 0 they were counting on the men This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1341 JDG 20 39 t29b 0 would turn from the battle Alternate translation: “would retreat from the fight”
1342 JDG 20 39 vbr9 figs-activepassive 0 they are defeated before us If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we have defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1343 JDG 20 41 ltm1 0 disaster great harm, trouble, misery
1344 JDG 20 41 jg8p figs-idiom 0 come on them This idiom means it happened to them. Alternate translation: “happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1345 JDG 20 42 pdp2 figs-personification 0 But the fighting overtook them This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them” or “But they were not able to escape the fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1346 JDG 20 43 xh56 translate-names 0 Nohah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1347 JDG 20 43 cis4 figs-metaphor 0 trampled them down The completed destruction of the Benjamites is spoken of as if the Israelites stomped on their bodies. Alternate translation: “they completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1348 JDG 20 44 jd79 translate-numbers 0 eighteen thousand “18,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1349 JDG 20 44 c8tw 0 were distinguished in battle Alternate translation: “had fought bravely in the battle”
1350 JDG 20 45 akn8 0 They turned and fled Alternate translation: “The remaining Benjamites turned and fled”
1351 JDG 20 45 e3cs translate-numbers 0 five thousand … two thousand “5,000…2,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1352 JDG 20 45 y3ry translate-names 0 Gidom This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1353 JDG 20 46 d674 translate-numbers 0 twenty-five thousand “25,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1354 JDG 20 47 h1ci translate-numbers 0 six hundred “600” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1355 JDG 20 48 h7m3 0 turned back against the people of Benjamin These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city.
1356 JDG 20 48 l4rw figs-metonymy 0 the city Here “the city” refers to the people in that city. Alternate translation: “everyone who was in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1357 JDG 20 48 ue39 figs-idiom 0 in their path This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. Alternate translation: “they came to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1358 JDG 21 intro bf76 0 # Judges 21 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin and immorality<br><br>At the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, “everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1359 JDG 21 1 w65e writing-background 0 Now the men of Israel had made a promise … marry a Benjamite.” This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1360 JDG 21 1 rw2t 0 Benjamite This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
1361 JDG 21 3 q8cb figs-rquestion 0 Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today? The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1362 JDG 21 5 xs35 0 The people of Israel said, “Which of all the tribes of Israel did not come up in the assembly to Yahweh?” The people are referring back to the assembly of the Israelites at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites.
1363 JDG 21 5 p72f writing-background 0 For they had made an important promise concerning anyone who did not come up to Yahweh at Mizpah. They said, “He would certainly be put to death.” This is background information to explain to the reader the promise that the Israelites had made at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1364 JDG 21 5 flc8 figs-activepassive 0 He would certainly be put to death Here “He” refers to anyone who did not go to Mizpah. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1365 JDG 21 6 yb7g figs-metaphor 0 their brother Benjamin This speaks of the tribe of Benjamin as if it were Israel’s brother to show their closeness to the tribe. Alternate translation: “the surviving Benjamites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1366 JDG 21 6 j93p figs-metaphor 0 one tribe has been cut off from Israel The destruction of the tribe of Benjamin is spoken of as if it had been cut off from Israel by a knife. This was an exaggeration because 600 men were still left. However, the women of Benjamin had been killed, so the future of the tribe was in question. Alternate translation: “one tribe has been removed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1367 JDG 21 7 dms9 0 Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters? The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that.
1368 JDG 21 8 vtf2 translate-names 0 Jabesh Gilead This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1369 JDG 21 9 jyg7 0 people were set out in an orderly manner Alternate translation: “people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for”
1370 JDG 21 9 qs2v figs-explicit 0 none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1371 JDG 21 10 p52b translate-numbers 0 twelve thousand “12,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1372 JDG 21 10 qw5x 0 strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction.
1373 JDG 21 10 ajh8 0 strike … with the edge of the sword Alternate translation: “kill … with their swords”
1374 JDG 21 12 n2u2 0 Jabesh Gilead This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
1375 JDG 21 12 ani7 translate-numbers 0 four hundred young women “400 young women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1376 JDG 21 12 w47b figs-euphemism 0 who had not known a man by lying with him This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “who had not had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1377 JDG 21 13 c39b figs-abstractnouns 0 they were offering them peace If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they wanted to stop fighting with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1378 JDG 21 14 h1ad 0 Jabesh Gilead This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
1379 JDG 21 14 iu7g 0 there were not enough women for all of them There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead.
1380 JDG 21 15 v114 0 made a division between the tribes of Israel Alternate translation: “had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified”
1381 JDG 21 16 sc2b 0 Benjamites This refers to the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
1382 JDG 21 16 rgy2 figs-activepassive 0 the women of Benjamin have been killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we killed all the Benjamite women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1383 JDG 21 17 mk7l figs-hyperbole 0 There must be an inheritance … is not destroyed from Israel The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1384 JDG 21 18 qnk3 figs-synecdoche 0 a wife to Benjamin Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “a wife to the men of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1385 JDG 21 19 u453 writing-background 0 which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1386 JDG 21 19 m2hz translate-names 0 Lebonah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1387 JDG 21 21 am3f figs-explicit 0 each one of you should grab a wife … go back to the land of Benjamin It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1388 JDG 21 22 z5gg figs-abstractnouns 0 Show us favor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1389 JDG 21 22 zsi5 figs-explicit 0 because we did not get wives for each man during the war The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1390 JDG 21 22 pcc6 0 You are innocent … not give your daughters to them This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.
1391 JDG 21 23 ng9r 0 the number of wives that they needed This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead ([Judges 21:14](../21/14.md)).
1392 JDG 21 25 b8xe 0 there was no king in Israel Alternate translation: “Israel did not yet have a king”
1393 JDG 21 25 d46g figs-metaphor 0 what was right in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what he judged to be right” or “what he considered to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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front:intro v8pn 0 # Introduction to Judges\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Judges\n\n1. History of the judges of Israel (1:1–16:31)\n * Introduction (1:1-3:6)\n * Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (3:7–31)\n * Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31)\n * Gideon (6:1–8:35)\n * Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (9:1–10:5)\n * Jephthah (10:6-12:7)\n * Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8-15)\n * Samson (13:1–16:31)\n1. The account of Micah and his idols (17:1–18:31)\n1. The account of Gibeah; the other Israelites take revenge (19:1–21:25)\n\n### What is the Book of Judges about?\n\nThe Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over a period of about 150 years.\n\nThis book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the peoples who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a “judge.” The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died.\n\nAfter that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has the title “Judges” because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use the title “Judges” or a title such as “The Book about the Leaders in Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What kind of leaders were the judges?\n\nThese were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. After defeating their enemies, these leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of these leaders may have served only certain tribes.\n\n### What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges?\n\nDuring this time, the twelve tribes of Israel were independent of one another. They were not a unified nation with one ruler. The tribes would sometimes help each other when enemies were threatening them.\n\nThese tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh.\n\n### What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges?\n\nDuring this time, Israel struggled to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What is the meaning of the phrase “in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes”?\n\nThis phrase occurs twice in the book of Judges. Shorter versions of the phrase occur two other times. These phrases imply that the writer or editor of this book was alive at a later time when there was a king in Israel. They also seem to imply that the writer thought that things were not good in Israel because there was no king.\n\nThe translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the book’s writer is looking back into the past.\n\n### What is the meaning of the phrase “to this day”?\n\nThe narrator used this phrase to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. The translator must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation’s readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:21, 26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12.
1:intro a4am 0 # Judges 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### “After the death of Joshua”\nThis statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land\n\nIsrael fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against God’s instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land.
1:1 r9ee Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story.
1:1 b9my Yahweh 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
1:1 c92j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive will attack the Canaanites for us 0 The word “us” refers to the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1:2 c4zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Judah will attack 0 Here “Judah” represents the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. Alternate translation: “The men of Judah must attack first” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:2 i2v6 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1:2 ysi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit this land 0 This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. Alternate translation: “the land of the Canaanites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:3 k7aq their brothers 0 Alternate translation: “their fellow Israelites” or “their relatives”
1:3 x2kz Come up with us 0 The people of the tribes of Judah and Simeon were camped with the rest of the Israelite people in the valley of the Jordan River. The land given to Judah was in the hills above the valley. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. Alternate translation: “Come with us” or “Go with us”
1:3 p8mq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that was assigned to us & that was assigned to you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh assigned to us … that Yahweh assigned to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:3 yz2b We will likewise go with you 0 Alternate translation: “We will also go with you” or “In the same way, we will go with you”
1:4 ku4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The men of Judah attacked 0 It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:4 n19d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers They killed ten thousand 0 “They killed about 10,000” or “They killed a large number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1:4 vmc4 of them 0 Alternate translation: “soldiers of the Canaanites and Perizzites” or “enemies”
1:4 c9xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bezek 0 This is an area in the mountains of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:5 w88l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Adoni-Bezek 0 This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:5 i3pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche they fought against him 0 Here “him” actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. Alternate translation: “they fought against him and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:6 vz6p pursued him 0 Alternate translation: “chased him”
1:7 es2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Seventy kings 0 “70 kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1:7 t5fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off” or “whose thumbs and big toes we cut off” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:7 p5cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gathered their food from under my table 0 Forcing these kings to eat scraps of food represents all the ways that Adoni-Bezek humiliated these kings. Here “gathering” food represents eating it. Alternate translation: “ate scraps of food from under my table” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:8 hh58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city of Jerusalem and took it 0 Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in Jerusalem and defeated them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:8 ca78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy They attacked it 0 Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people of the city. Alternate translation: “They attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:8 k6ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche with the edge of the sword 0 “with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:9 cs3t the men of Judah went down to fight 0 It was common to use the word “down” when it refers to traveling from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the men of Judah went to fight”
1:9 q3x9 in the Negev 0 Alternate translation: “in the southern Judean wilderness”
1:9 x4ew foothills 0 hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
1:10 ax37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba 0 This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1:10 edk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai 0 These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. Each leader represents his army. Alternate translation: “Sheshai, Ahiman, Talmai, and their armies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:11 lh59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher 0 The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called Kiriath Sepher. Alternate translation: “which used to be called Kiriath Sepher” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1:11 fn5g was previously 0 Alternate translation: “was in times past” or “was at an earlier time”
1:12 e7kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it 0 Here “Kiriath Sepher” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Whoever attacks and defeats the people of Kiriath Sepher and takes their city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:12 n39v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aksah 0 This is the name of Caleb’s daughter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:13 xa4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Othniel, son of Kenaz 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:14 u3cc she urged him 0 Alternate translation: “Aksah urged Othniel”
1:15 m3cg Give me a blessing 0 Alternate translation: “Do a favor for me” or “Do this for me”
1:15 rz4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Since you have given me the land of the Negev 0 Caleb gave Aksah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:15 n8di rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Since you have given me the land 0 This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it (verse 14). She is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:16 x6ei of Moses’ father-in-law 0 Alternate translation: “of the father of Moses’ wife”
1:16 fqe9 father-in-law the Kenite went up 0 Alternate translation: “father-in-law, who was one of the Ken people, went up”
1:16 n6kh went up from the City of Palms & into the wilderness 0 Alternate translation: “left the City of Palms … and went into the wilderness”
1:16 a29w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit City of Palms 0 This is another name for the city of Jericho. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:16 u7t8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arad 0 This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:17 e48a the men of Simeon their brothers 0 Here “brothers” means relatives who were in another tribe of Israel.
1:17 nd84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zephath 0 This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:17 iy2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The name of the city was called Hormah 0 After the Israelites destroyed Zephath, they changed its name to “Hormah.” The name “Hormah” means “complete destruction.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:19 vtq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh was with the people of Judah 0 Here “was with” means that Yahweh helped the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:19 g27v plains 0 a very large area of level, treeless ground
1:20 ys79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Hebron was given to Caleb (like Moses had said) 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses had given Hebron to Caleb” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:20 eml1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche three sons of Anak 0 The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. Alternate translation: “three sons of Anak and their people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:20 tyj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Anak 0 This is the name of a man. Anak and his descendants were famous for being very tall. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:21 l6aj to this day 0 “until now.” This refers to the time the book of Judges was written.
1:22 da33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The house of Joseph 0 Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “The men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:22 pc1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to attack Bethel 0 Here “Bethel” represents the people who live in Bethel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:23 ffy3 spy 0 to get information secretly
1:23 vx3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background the city that was formerly called Luz 0 This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Luz but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Bethel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:24 qdm8 spies 0 people who get information secretly
1:25 dj1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they attacked the city 0 Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:25 ncm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche with the edge of the sword 0 “with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:25 uw87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom get away 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:26 i4r5 Luz 0 This new town started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz, near Bethel, that the man had left.
1:26 ym4e which is its name to this day 0 “which is still its name.” Here “to this day” refers to the time when the book of Judges was written.
1:27 va98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Shan & Taanach & Dor & Ibleam & Megiddo 0 These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:27 grh4 because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land 0 To “determine” is to firmly decide something. Alternate translation: “because the Canaanites firmly decided not to leave that land”
1:28 m64k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy When Israel became strong 0 Here “Israel” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When the people of Israel became stronger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:28 h7tu they forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor 0 Alternate translation: “they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them”
1:29 ek8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Ephraim did not 0 Here “Ephraim” the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:29 u8mq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gezer 0 The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:30 z9je rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Zebulun did not drive out 0 Here “Zebulun” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:30 p5am rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kitron & Nahalol 0 These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:30 l8tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy but Zebulun forced 0 Here “Zebulun” represents the people of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:30 cp5q hard labor 0 Alternate translation: “difficult labor”
1:31 e29r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Asher did not drive 0 Here “Asher” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Asher. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:31 b612 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Akko & Sidon & Ahlab, Akzib, Helbah, Aphek & Rehob 0 These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:33 d9v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Shemesh & Beth Anath 0 These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:33 pck2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced into hard labor for Naphthali 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Naphtali forced the people of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath to work for them as slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:34 w8it not allowing them to come down 0 Alternate translation: “stopping them from coming down”
1:34 ijt5 plain 0 a very large area of flat land without trees
1:35 qwt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Heres 0 This is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:35 cw8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aijalon & Shaalbim 0 These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:35 x276 the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them 0 Alternate translation: “the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army”
1:35 uvw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Joseph 0 Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “the men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:36 g7nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the hill of Akrabbim 0 This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the “Scorpion Pass.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:36 qr2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sela 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:intro mf6a 0 # Judges 2 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh tests Israel\n\nYahweh said, “Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant.” Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])
2:1 tt9y angel of Yahweh 0 This could mean: (1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or (2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or (3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking.
2:1 q2ka went up from Gilgal to Bokim 0 Alternate translation: “left Gilgal and went to Bokim”
2:1 x66i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bokim 0 This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. “Bokim” means “crying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:1 te37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and said 0 It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and said to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2:1 im2i brought you up from Egypt 0 Alternate translation: “led you from Egypt”
2:1 ha9u your fathers 0 Alternate translation: “your ancestors” or “your forefathers”
2:1 p92u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom break my covenant with you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fail to do what I said I would do for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:2 syq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you have not listened to my voice 0 Here “voice” represents what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:2 w8ys rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is this that you have done? 0 This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:3 kdq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes So now I say, ‘I will not & trap for you.’ 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “So now I tell you that I will not … trap for you.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2:3 plg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor become thorns in your sides 0 The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “cause you trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:3 y4wm thorns 0 sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants
2:3 b6w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their gods will become a trap for you 0 The Israelites worshiping the Canaanite gods is spoken of as if the false gods were a hunter’s trap that catches an animal and causes it harm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:4 f5v2 shouted and wept 0 Alternate translation: “cried many tears”
2:6 p53v Now when Joshua 0 Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator begins a summary that explains how the generations of Israelites after Joshua sinned and worshiped false gods so that Yahweh punished them, but then he would send judges to rescue them. This summary ends in 2:23.
2:6 u1xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background when Joshua & of their land 0 The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. This is recounting events that happened at the end of the book of Joshua. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2:6 i12e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to the place assigned 0 You may want to help your readers by stating who assigned this place to them. Alternate translation: “to the place Yahweh gave them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:7 kcc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2:7 ydz9 during the lifetime 0 This means the time that someone lived. Alternate translation: “during the life”
2:7 g5ah the elders 0 Here this means the men who helped lead Israel, participating in matters of social justice and in religious matters such as maintaining the law of Moses.
2:7 qml9 outlived him 0 This means to live longer than someone else. Alternate translation: “lived longer than he did”
2:8 ii19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2:8 m4jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Joshua son of Nun & died at the age of 110 years old 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 ends. The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2:8 k12w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nun 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:8 xfn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 110 years old 0 “one hundred and ten years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2:9 ne2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he was assigned 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God gave him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:9 yk2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Timnath Heres 0 This is the name of an area of land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:9 f8u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Gaash 0 This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:10 umh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism All that generation was also gathered to their fathers 0 The phrase “was also gathered to their fathers” means that as the people of that generation died, their souls went to the same place as their ancestors who died before them. It is a polite way of saying they died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2:10 r6cs fathers 0 Here this means the ancestors of a certain person or people group.
2:10 flq1 grew up 0 Alternate translation: “grew older” or “became older”
2:10 qd7f who did not know Yahweh 0 Here “did not know” means they had not experienced Yahweh or his power the way the previous generation had.
2:11 yhh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:11 gx61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baals 0 This is the plural of Baal. While “Baal” was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods that were often worshiped along with Baal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:12 tp3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They broke away from Yahweh 0 The Israelites no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically broke away from him and left him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:12 re2c their fathers 0 Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
2:12 n4xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They went after other gods 0 The Israelites starting to worship false gods is spoken of as if the Israelites walked and went after the false gods. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:12 w9r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction bowed down to them 0 This is an act of worship and giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2:12 j3xw They provoked Yahweh to anger 0 Alternate translation: “They caused Yahweh to become angry”
2:13 ddu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ashtoreths 0 This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:14 r6xm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel 0 The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:14 bjf9 he gave them to the raiders who stole their possessions from them 0 Alternate translation: “he let raiders steal their possessions”
2:14 v1ki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He sold them as slaves who were held by the strength of their enemies around them, so they could no longer defend themselves against their enemies 0 Yahweh allowing the enemies to take the Israelites as slaves is spoken of as if he sold them into slavery. The phrase “who were held by” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He allowed their enemies to conquer them and take them as slaves, and they could no longer resist their powerful enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:15 b13p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh’s hand was against them to defeat them 0 Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped their enemies defeat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:15 n59g they were in terrible distress 0 Alternate translation: “they were suffering terribly”
2:16 t2b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Then Yahweh raised up judges 0 Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he were raising or lifting the persons up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:16 myh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of those 0 Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:17 p49i they would not listen to their judges 0 Alternate translation: “they would not obey their judges”
2:17 dv8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them 0 The people betraying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the people were prostitutes. Alternate translation: “betrayed him by worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2:17 wwn4 their fathers 0 Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
2:18 eau5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor When Yahweh raised up judges 0 Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the persons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:18 hz8j judges for them & rescued them 0 The word “them” refers to the Israelites.
2:18 ql9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of their enemies 0 Here “hand” refers to power of the enemies to hurt Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:18 j2rk all the days the judge lived 0 Alternate translation: “as long as the judge lived”
2:18 n8w4 pity 0 to have compassion for someone or something
2:18 g95t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy as they groaned 0 The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. Alternate translation: “as they suffered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:19 q63w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they would turn away 0 The people no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they would physically turn away from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:19 fnt4 their fathers 0 Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
2:19 kid3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They would go after other gods to serve them and worship them 0 The Israelites worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were walking and going after other gods. Alternate translation: “They would serve and worship other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:19 lq1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes They refused to give up any of their evil practices or their stubborn ways 0 “They refused to stop doing evil things and being stubborn.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “They continued doing evil things and being stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2:20 b7rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel 0 The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:20 clk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this nation has broken 0 Here “nation” represents the people. Alternate translation: “these people have broken” or “the Israelites have broken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:21 ry6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy any of the nations 0 Here “nations” represents the people groups that lived in Canaan before the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:22 n194 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it 0 How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:23 tn49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet did not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “he did not let Joshua quickly conquer them and drive them out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2:23 b618 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of Joshua 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for power, and “Joshua” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “into the power of Joshua and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:intro k35h 0 # Judges 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The people worship false gods\n\nIsrael worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Blew a trumpet”\n\nWhen Ehud “blew a trumpet,” he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:1 w2is Now Yahweh 0 Here “Now” begins a new section of the story.
3:1 hp8z these nations 0 This refers to the people groups that the narrator will list in 3:3.
3:1 xj63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who had not fought in any of the wars in Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:2 l4u8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background He did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before 0 This breaks from the main story line. The narrator gives background information about why Yahweh left some of the people groups in Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle before how to fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
3:3 mgb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the five kings 0 These five kings represent themselves and their people. Alternate translation: “the five kings and their people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:3 upq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Baal Hermon 0 This is the highest mountain in Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:3 z6zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hamath Pass 0 This is the name of an area at the northern boundary of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:4 vqn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive These nations were left 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left these nations in Canaan” or “Yahweh allowed these nations to continue to live in Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:4 dzs7 as a means 0 Alternate translation: “as a way”
3:4 f89f whether they would & gave their ancestors 0 The words “they” and “their” refer to the people of Israel.
3:4 wbc7 the commands he gave 0 Alternate translation: “the commands Yahweh gave”
3:7 p6m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:7 e1t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom forgot Yahweh their God 0 Here “forgot” is an idiom that means “they stopped obeying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3:8 yg7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the anger of Yahweh was set on fire 0 Yahweh becoming very angry is spoken of as if his anger were something that could be set on fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:8 gwp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim 0 Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is spoken of as if Yahweh sold them to Cushan-Rishathaim. Alternate translation: “allowed Cushan-Rishathaim and his army to defeat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:8 zj78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim 0 Here “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control. Also, “Cushan-Rishathaim” is a synechdoche that represents himself and his army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:8 b1vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Cushan-Rishathaim 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:8 a27l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aram Naharaim 0 This is the name of a country. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:9 vg5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh raised up someone 0 Yahweh appointing someone to do a special work for him is spoken of as if Yahweh raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:9 k6r6 Othniel & Kenaz 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Judges 1:13](../01/13.md).
3:10 y845 empowered him 0 This phrase means that Yahweh helped Othniel to have and develop the qualities he needed to be a great leader.
3:10 rq2z he judged Israel 0 Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
3:10 k8cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he went out to war 0 Here “he” refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:10 l4lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram 0 Here “Cushan-Rishathaim” represents his army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:10 f953 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The hand of Othniel 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for army. Alternate translation: “The army of Othniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:11 svg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The land had peace 0 “The land” is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. Alternate translation: “The people lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:11 i8ks rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 “40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3:12 l914 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:12 nj1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:12 s1wn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites 0 Here “Eglon king of Moab” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:12 z23q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eglon 0 This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:13 rp3h the City of Palms 0 This is another name for the city of Jericho. See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
3:14 h6y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighteen years 0 “18 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3:15 mpv5 called out to Yahweh 0 Here this means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
3:15 zn6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor raised up someone 0 Yahweh appointing someone to do a special service for him is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:15 jja5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ehud & Gera 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:15 w4sk left-handed 0 Ehud was better able to hold a sword with his left hand.
3:16 fm5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance one cubit 0 If it is necessary to use a modern measurement of length, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “46 centimeters” or “about one half meter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
3:16 i3y7 he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh 0 Alternate translation: “he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing”
3:16 s4wh thigh 0 the part of the leg between the knee and the hip
3:17 k42d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now Eglon was a very fat man 0 Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Eglon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
3:19 q56y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when he reached the place where the carved images were made near Gilgal 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when he arrived at the place near Gilgal where people made carved images” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:20 f67g in the coolness of the upper room 0 This is a room above the lower level that was used for rest and to remain cool during the hot part of the day.
3:20 p7ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction The king got up out of his seat 0 Standing up was a sign of honoring God will listening to his message. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3:22 k49p The tip of the sword came out of his back 0 Alternate translation: “The sharp end of the sword came out of his back”
3:23 djg4 porch 0 an outside room with low walls and a roof covering
3:24 z2qt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Surely he is relieving himself 0 This is a polite way to speak about a person having a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3:25 d7zv until they felt they were neglecting their duty 0 They waited until they became worried that something was wrong and it was their duty to open the doors to their king’s private room.
3:25 e1jf took the key and opened them 0 Alternate translation: “took the key and opened the doors”
3:26 r2ig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events While the servants were waiting & Ehud escaped 0 This tells what happened before the servants opened the doors to the upper room and found the king dead. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile, as the servants were still waiting outside of the upper room … Ehud escaped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
3:26 x36q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Seirah 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:27 zet1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis When he arrived 0 You may want to help your readers by stating where he arrived. Alternate translation: “When he arrived in Seirah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3:28 s9y4 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nEhud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim.
3:28 ax6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for Yahweh is about to defeat your enemies 0 Yahweh helping the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight and defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:28 i3vy captured the fords 0 Alternate translation: “gained control of the fords”
3:28 k9q1 fords 0 the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side
3:28 uf81 did not allow anyone to cross 0 Alternate translation: “did not let anyone cross”
3:29 jjy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousand men 0 “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3:29 e6ge capable men 0 Alternate translation: “able men” or “men able to fight well”
3:30 ch1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Moab was subdued by the strength of Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Israelite army defeated the Moabites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:30 par9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the strength of Israel 0 Here “strength” represents the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:30 w1xr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land had rest 0 Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:30 dln1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighty years 0 “80 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3:31 psq1 judge 0 God appointed judges to lead the people of Israel in times of trouble after they entered the Promised Land and before they had kings. Often judges rescued the Israelites from their enemies.
3:31 xdh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shamgar 0 The name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:31 uz68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Anath 0 The name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:31 f6s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 600 men 0 “six hundred men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3:31 z3lr a stick used to goad cattle 0 Cattle farmers would poke their cattle with a sharp stick to make them move. AT “a stick used to urge cattle to move” or “a stick used to direct cattle”
3:31 n8z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He also delivered Israel from danger 0 The word “danger” refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “He also delivered the people of Israel from their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:intro pjw5 0 # Judges 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Barak’s leadership\n\nAt this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4:1 h4q7 Ehud 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
4:1 aq65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:2 yj14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan 0 Here “hand” refers to Jabin’s power over Israel. Yahweh’s decision to give Jabin power over them is spoken of as if Yahweh had sold them to Jabin. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allowed them to be defeated by the power of Jabin king of Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:2 i943 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jabin & Sisera 0 These are the names of men (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:2 fk1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hazor & Harosheth Haggoyim 0 These are the names of cities or places (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:3 ftq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers nine hundred iron chariots 0 “900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
4:3 k27q twenty years 0 Alternate translation: “20 years”
4:4 e7xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Deborah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
4:4 nnu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Deborah 0 This is the name of a woman (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:4 gru6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lappidoth 0 This is the name of a man (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:4 lj93 judge 0 God appointed judges to lead the Israelites in times of trouble. Often the judges rescued them from their enemies.
4:5 uy3x palm of Deborah 0 This tree was named after Deborah.
4:6 b5l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain, and a river by their names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:6 ehp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Barak & Abinoam 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:6 yn83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Tabor 0 This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:6 vi2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousand men 0 “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
4:7 rm5r I will draw out 0 Here “I” refers to God.
4:7 mmc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche draw out Sisera 0 Here “Sisera” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “draw out Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4:7 hl3v draw out 0 to cause people to come away from a safe location
4:7 k3na Sisera & Jabin 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
4:7 sue6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kishon 0 This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:8 qr6v General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nBarak has a discussion with Deborah.
4:8 b27v Barak 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
4:9 y6ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the road on which you are going will not lead to your honor 0 The choice Barak makes is spoken of as if Barak were choosing a road on which to travel. And, “honor” is spoken of as if it were a destination to which one travels. Alternate translation: “no one will honor you for what you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:9 v8ri rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman 0 Here “hand” refers to her power to kill him. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will cause a woman to defeat Sisera” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:9 msw7 Sisera 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
4:9 bi9q Deborah 0 See how you translated this woman’s name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
4:10 g69f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Ten thousand men 0 “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
4:11 wq16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Heber the Kenite. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
4:11 fty7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heber & Hobab 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:11 aup8 Kenite 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md)
4:11 jez1 Moses’ father-in-law 0 Alternate translation: “the father of Moses’ wife”
4:11 y5mf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zaanannim 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:12 rkt1 When they told Sisera 0 Here “they” does not identify anyone specifically. Alternate translation: “When someone told Sisera”
4:12 dcw1 Sisera 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
4:12 i2cf Barak & Abinoam & Mount Tabor 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
4:13 r3xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Sisera called out all his chariots 0 Here “chariots” represents the soldiers who drove the chariots. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:13 avt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers nine hundred iron chariots 0 “900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
4:13 x4xy Harosheth Haggoyim 0 See how you translated the name of this city in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
4:13 a7q6 Kishon River 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 4:7](../04/07.md).
4:14 pb3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture Yahweh has given you victory 0 Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give you victory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
4:14 r1ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not Yahweh leading you? 0 Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Remember, Yahweh is leading you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4:14 fv1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers with ten thousand 0 “with 10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
4:15 t5qj Yahweh confused Sisera and all his chariots and all his army 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army unable to think clearly” or “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army panic”
4:15 u8qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all his chariots 0 Here the word “chariots” is a metonym for the soldiers driving the chariots. Alternate translation: “all the men driving chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:16 qj43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Barak pursued 0 Here “Barak” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers chased” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4:16 ce5l Harosheth 0 Translate this the same way you did in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
4:16 x3gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword 0 Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera’s whole army with their swords” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:17 ayi3 Sisera & Jabin & Hazor 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
4:17 h17w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ran away on foot 0 This is an idiom that means he was walking rather than riding a horse or in a chariot. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4:17 mp3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jael 0 This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:17 s2ne Heber 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
4:17 kwu8 Kenite 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
4:18 k8b1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Turn aside 0 This means to change course during a journey in order to rest. Alternate translation: “Come here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4:18 u5k9 blanket 0 a large covering for the body to sleep under for warmth, made of wool or animal skins
4:19 cn6j He said to her 0 Alternate translation: “Sisera said to Jael”
4:21 ctd6 tent peg 0 a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent
4:21 i8q2 hammer 0 a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground
4:21 lvc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a deep sleep 0 Like a person in a deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:22 n7wq Barak was pursuing 0 Alternate translation: “Barak was chasing” or “Barak was following after”
4:23 xzh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel 0 God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:24 y25t The might 0 Alternate translation: “The military power”
4:24 zcb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche they destroyed him 0 Here “him” refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “they destroyed Jabin and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:intro jgd9 0 # Judges 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### The flood\n\nGod caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban’s chariots making\nthem vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:1 w7ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit On that day 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:1 pfq9 Deborah 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
5:1 l3sj Barak & Abinoam 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
5:2 s181 when the people gladly volunteer for war 0 Alternate translation: “when the men agree to fight in battle”
5:3 hs8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders 0 Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
5:3 cbt1 you kings & you leaders 0 This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.
5:4 f5pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom 0 This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:4 vj7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Seir 0 Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:4 hw54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water 0 This could mean: (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:5 p4qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The mountains quaked 0 This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:5 d62l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy before the face of Yahweh 0 Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:5 wuf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit even Mount Sinai quaked 0 When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. Alternate translation: “long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:6 he9e In the days of 0 Alternate translation: “During the lifetime of”
5:6 asi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shamgar & Anath & Jael 0 These are the names of people. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in [Judges 3:31](../03/31.md) and Jael in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:6 rw34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background son of Anath 0 Shamgar’s father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
5:6 ki5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the main roads were abandoned 0 This can be stated in active form and you can make explicit why the roads were abandoned Alternate translation: “people stopped using the main roads; because they were afraid of Israel’s enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:6 i6j5 the winding paths 0 This refers to smaller roads that fewer people traveled on.
5:7 n27x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I, Deborah, arose—arose as a mother in Israel 0 Deborah speaks of becoming a leader in Israel as if she were a mother taking care of young children. Alternate translation: “I, Deborah, began to lead—I took care of the Israelites as a mother takes care of her children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:8 mxk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they chose new gods 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel worshiped new gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:8 duj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche there was fighting at the city gates 0 Here “gates” represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:8 v83h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole there were no shields or spears seen among forty thousand in Israel 0 This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. Alternate translation: “few weapons for battle remained in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
5:8 dl2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty thousand in Israel 0 “40,000 in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5:9 u5zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel 0 The word “heart” represents a person’s emotions. The phrase “My heart goes out to” is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. Alternate translation: “I appreciate the commanders of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5:10 dt2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism you who ride on white donkeys & you who walk along the road 0 This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. Alternate translation: “you rich people who ride on white donkeys … you poor people who walk along the road” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
5:10 vf24 sitting on rugs for saddles 0 These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey’s back to make the rider more comfortable.
5:11 v4bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Hear the voices of those 0 Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:11 f6il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche went down to the city gates 0 Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:12 de7e Awake, awake 0 Possible speakers are: (1) the people of Israel or (2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or (3) the poet who wrote the song.
5:12 jc43 Deborah 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
5:12 qc51 Barak & Abinoam 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
5:13 tl3e to me with the warriors 0 The word “me” refers to Deborah.
5:14 e478 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek 0 The people of Ephraim living in the land where the descendants of Amalek originally lived is spoken of as if the people of Ephraim were planted and their roots grew into the land. Alternate translation: “from Ephraim, that land where the descendants of Amalek once lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:14 k3ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you followed you 0 Here “you” refers to the people of Ephraim. It can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “followed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
5:14 yna1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Machir 0 This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:14 rl91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from Zebulun those who carry an officer’s staff 0 Military leaders are described by the staff, a symbol of their authority. Alternate translation: “military leaders from Zebulun” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:15 ruv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person My princes in Issachar were with Deborah 0 Here “My” refers to Deborah. This whole statement can be translated in first person. Alternate translation: “My princes in Issachar were with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
5:15 w1en Deborah 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
5:15 sn4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Issachar was with Barak 0 Here “Issachar” refers to the tribe of Issachar. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Issachar was with Barak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:15 yt1t Barak 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
5:15 z2wa rushing after him into the valley under his command 0 Alternate translation: “obeying his command and rushing after him into the valley”
5:15 u31z rushing after 0 Alternate translation: “following after” or “hurrying after”
5:15 sdi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy there were great searchings of heart 0 Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. Alternate translation: “there was a lot of discussing about what they should do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:16 wc6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks? 0 This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in the battle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have helped us fight, instead of staying at home and listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:16 xdd2 the fireplaces 0 Some versions of the Bible have the translation “the sheepfolds” or “the sheep pens.”
5:16 jg14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy there were great searchings of heart 0 Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. See how you translated this in [Judges 5:15](../05/15.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:17 pg1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Gilead stayed 0 Here “Gilead” the men from Gilead who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Gilead stayed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:17 zwj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the other side of the Jordan 0 This refers to the east side of the Jordan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:17 l6vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Dan, why did he wander about on ships? 0 This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan should not have remained on their ships!” or “the people of the tribe of Dan did not help us in the battle. Instead they were wandering around on the sea in ships!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:17 wn8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Dan, why did he 0 Here “Dan” represents the men from Dan who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan, why did they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:17 wy1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit wander about on ships 0 The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:17 q466 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Asher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of the tribe of Asher also failed to help us, they just remained on the coast near their harbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:17 hk9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Asher remained 0 Here “Asher” represents the men who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Asher remained” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:17 s37f harbors 0 places at the seacoast with deeper water where ships were kept
5:18 iq38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Naphtali, also 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “Naphtali was a tribe who would also risk their lives to the point of death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5:19 klr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The kings came, they fought & the kings of Canaan fought 0 The king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. Alternate translation: “The kings and their armies came and fought … the kings of Canaan and their armies fought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:19 qh9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis they fought & fought 0 The word “us” is understood. Alternate translation: “they fought us … fought us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5:19 bwx4 Taanach & Megiddo 0 Translate the names of these places as you did in [Judges 1:27](../01/27.md).
5:19 jn5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche no silver as plunder 0 Here “silver” represents any treasure in general. Alternate translation: “no silver or other treasures as plunder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:19 lin6 plunder 0 things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves
5:20 uwf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification From heaven the stars fought, from their paths across the heavens they fought against Sisera 0 Yahweh helping the Israelite to defeat Sisera and his army is spoken of as if the stars themselves fought against Sisera and his army. This may refer to Yahweh using natural elements, specifically rain storms, to defeat Sisera. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5:20 r9rm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche against Sisera 0 Here “Sisera” represents himself and his whole army. Alternate translation: “Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:20 ac6p Sisera 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
5:21 yn1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The Kishon River swept them away 0 Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly causing the chariots to be stuck in the mud and drowning many soldiers. Alternate translation: “The Kishon River flooded and swept away Sisera’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:21 h8ac Kishon 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
5:21 je12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche March on my soul, be strong 0 Here “soul” refers to the whole person. The word “my” refers to Deborah. Alternate translation: “I tell myself to march on and to be strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:22 wx9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then came the sound of horses’ hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones 0 This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. Alternate translation: “Then I heard the sound of horses running away. Sisera’s mighty horses were running away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:22 n754 galloping 0 runninb quickly
5:23 gg5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Curse Meroz 0 Here “Meroz” represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “Curse the people of Meroz” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:23 cdl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Meroz 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:24 n5q6 Jael 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md).
5:24 r37w Heber 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
5:24 jve5 Kenite 0 Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
5:25 a4wl brought him butter 0 Here “butter” refers to curdled milk. This was the best milk and a favorite drink among Jael’s people. Alternate translation: “brought him yogurt” or “brought him curds”
5:25 viu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a dish fit for princes 0 This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:26 k8d2 She put her hand to the tent peg 0 Alternate translation: “Jael grabbed the tent peg with her left hand”
5:26 iyf8 tent peg 0 This is a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
5:26 c1yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis her right hand to the workman’s hammer 0 This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “she grabbed a hammer with her right hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5:26 va7c hammer 0 This is a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
5:26 hkm3 Sisera 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
5:27 e9gf limp 0 without strength or movement
5:27 ezv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he was violently killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she killed him” or “he died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:28 duq1 the lattice 0 This is a frame in the window made of crossed wood.
5:28 mw4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed? 0 Both of these questions mean the same thing. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “Why is it taking Sisera so long to arrive home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5:28 k2dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy taken his chariot & Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots 0 Both of these represent Sisera. Alternate translation: “taken Sisera … Why has he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:29 xa2n wisest princesses 0 A “princess” is the daughter of a king, but a “princess” can also mean female advisers to the king’s family. Alternate translation: “wisest ladies”
5:29 mw32 she gave herself the same answer 0 Alternate translation: “she said to herself the same thing”
5:30 l98i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have they not found and divided up the plunder—a womb & plunder? 0 The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “They must have so much plunder that it is taking a long time to divide it. They have … plunder.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5:30 cw6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion a womb, two wombs for every man & of those who plunder? 0 The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “There must be a womb, two wombs for every man … of those who plunder.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5:30 xgr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a womb, two wombs for every man 0 Here “womb” represents a woman. Sisera’s mother believes Sisera’s men have captured many women. Alternate translation: “Each soldier will receive a woman or two” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:30 p9nz dyed fabric 0 Alternate translation: “colored cloth” or “colored clothes”
5:30 zp9h embroidered 0 having designs made of colored threads
5:30 yg2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche for the necks of those who plunder 0 Here “necks” represents Sisera’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “for the soldiers who plunder to wear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:31 bi4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like the sun when it rises in its might 0 The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation’s army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
5:31 q1yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land had peace 0 Here “the land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and the people of Israel lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:31 mw3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers for forty years 0 “for 40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6:intro p5sj 0 # Judges 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8)\n\n### Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel’s punishment\nIn Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
6:1 ht3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:1 l9nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Also, “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the people of Midian” or “the control of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:2 bs4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The power of Midian oppressed Israel 0 Here “the power of Midian” refers to the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:2 pl5z dens 0 places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter
6:4 zcp1 They would set up their army 0 Alternate translation: “The army would encamp” or “The army would set up their tents”
6:5 i2ld Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up 0 The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase “came up” when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. Alternate translation: “Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel”
6:5 e5sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they would come as a swarm of locusts 0 The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
6:5 ra2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole it was impossible to count 0 This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
6:6 eg3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Midian weakened 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:6 lcc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom called out to Yahweh 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:7 z7sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom called out to Yahweh 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:7 r2ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “because of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:8 q22q I brought you up from Egypt 0 Alternate translation: “I led you out of Egypt”
6:8 h336 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of slavery 0 Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:9 ue1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand 0 In this phrase “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:10 ne4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy obeyed my voice 0 - Here “my voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “obeyed my command” or “obeyed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:11 sex8 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
6:11 r6sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ophrah 0 This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6:11 iz4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abiezrite 0 This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6:11 y3ww was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor 0 This is a process called “threshing.” Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant.
6:12 fe5w appeared to him 0 Alternate translation: “went to him”
6:13 as35 my master 0 Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man.
6:13 in9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, ‘Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’ 0 Gideon uses a question to challenge the stranger’s statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
6:13 e2k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom gave us into the hand of Midian 0 The phrase “gave us into” means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. Alternate translation: “allowed the Midianites to defeat us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:13 vi7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gave us into the hand 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:13 buc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:14 n2w1 Yahweh looked at him 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked at Gideon”
6:14 kx2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:14 wuu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:14 zs9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have I not sent you? 0 Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here “sent” means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am sending you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6:15 w5e8 Please, Lord 0 Gideon now calls the person “Lord” instead of “my master” as in [Judges 6:13](../06/13.md). Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh.
6:15 wn75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how can I deliver Israel? 0 Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6:15 gpv8 See, my family 0 Alternate translation: “Look at my family and me and you will see that it”
6:15 gp6c in Manasseh 0 Alternate translation: “in the tribe of Manasseh”
6:15 tw55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in my father’s house 0 Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “in my father’s family” or “in my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:16 p1xa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will be with you 0 Here “be with you” is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:16 fhe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit as one man 0 You can state the full meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “as easily as if you were fighting only one man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:18 ngy5 set it before you 0 Alternate translation: “place it in front of you”
6:19 kmz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume from an ephah of flour 0 If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. Alternate translation: “with 22 liters of flour” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
6:19 c4pf broth 0 water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it
6:19 r55k them to him 0 Alternate translation: “them to the angel of God”
6:20 u9cs angel of God 0 This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “God, who was in the form of an angel” or “God”
6:21 ggc2 angel of Yahweh 0 In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
6:21 x8t9 went away 0 Alternate translation: “disappeared”
6:22 x6iw angel of Yahweh 0 In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
6:22 l2pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Ah, Lord Yahweh! 0 The word “Ah” here shows that Gideon was very frightened. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
6:22 c1kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom seen the angel of Yahweh face to face 0 This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. Alternate translation: “really seen the angel of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:23 b3ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh said to him 0 Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:24 s81y To this day 0 This means to the time when the book of Judges was written.
6:24 y4ya Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this town as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
6:24 w4kn the clan of Abiezer 0 Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
6:25 h71y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal a second bull 0 The word “second” is the ordinal number for “two.” Alternate translation: “another bull” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
6:25 n1rh that is beside it 0 Alternate translation: “that is beside the altar of Baal”
6:26 tj4p on the top of this place of refuge 0 The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites.
6:26 gvr9 construct it the correct way 0 Alternate translation: “place the stones in an orderly manner” or “and build it properly”
6:27 xp8k did as Yahweh had told him 0 This refers to Yahweh’s command in [Judges 6:25-26](./25.md).
6:28 mii1 got up 0 Alternate translation: “got up out of bed” or “woke up”
6:28 i5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:30 r7h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he may be put to death 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we may kill him as punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:31 jw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you plead the case for Baal? 0 Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to defend Baal.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6:31 xk3a plead the case 0 Alternate translation: “make a defense” or “give an excuse”
6:31 n471 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you save him? 0 Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to save Baal.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6:32 j4wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6:32 q44c because he said 0 Alternate translation: “because Joash said”
6:33 ual5 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
6:33 eu5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit gathered together 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gathered together as an army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:34 d9eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom came over Gideon 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “took control of Gideon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:34 sz1y clan of Abiezer 0 Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
6:34 zxl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis so they might follow him 0 The words “to battle” are understood. Alternate translation: “so they might follow him to battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
6:35 sy9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive and they too, were called out to follow him 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “calling them out to follow him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:35 qb25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali 0 These all represent the people of each tribe. Alternate translation: “to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:37 uf1b woolen fleece 0 the woolly coat of a sheep
6:37 qz5z dew 0 water that forms on plants during the night
6:37 s8ri rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit then I will know that you will 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:38 cs87 Gideon rose 0 Alternate translation: “Gideon got out of bed”
6:38 ub6l wrung 0 twist and squeeze something to remove water
7:intro q545 0 # Judges 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Gideon continues in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God gets all of the credit\n\nGod said, “There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, ‘Our own power has saved us.’” By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God’s power. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
7:1 u963 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
7:1 se4n they encamped 0 Alternate translation: “they set up their camp”
7:1 q9lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names spring of Harod & hill of Moreh 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7:1 w8xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The camp of Midian was to their north 0 Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. Alternate translation: “The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:2 ja78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns for me to give you victory over the Midianites 0 The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites” or “for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7:2 ww36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Our own power has saved us 0 Here “power” represents the people themselves. Alternate translation: “We have saved ourselves without God’s help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:3 i31q Now 0 This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
7:3 ahw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche proclaim in the ears of the people 0 Here “the ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “proclaim to the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
7:3 gt6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles 0 Both of these phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
7:3 h7mv trembles 0 This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. Alternate translation: “shakes with fear”
7:3 m53a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit let him return 0 You can make explicit where he will go. Alternate translation: “let him return to his home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:3 iup9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Gilead 0 This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7:3 s1sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-two thousand 0 “22,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7:3 wn6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ten thousand remained 0 The word “people” or “men” is understood. Alternate translation: “10,000 people remained” or “10,000 men remained” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
7:3 z1zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousand 0 “10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7:4 t9yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will make their number smaller for you there 0 Here “number” represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:5 iem1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go Gideon brought 0 The word “brought” can be translated as “took” or “led.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
7:5 w69s laps 0 to drink by licking with the tongue
7:6 ae7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Three hundred men 0 “300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7:7 e8uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred men 0 “300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7:7 gk97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you I will rescue you and give you victory 0 Here “you” is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
7:8 j7gy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So those who were chosen 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those whom Yahweh chose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:8 u2nh took their supplies and their trumpets 0 Here “their” refers to the Israelite soldiers who were leaving the army.
7:8 cx8b Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
7:9 u84q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it 0 Here “camp” refers to the whole Midianite army. The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them” or “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7:10 xqh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis afraid to go down 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “afraid to go down to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
7:10 u4w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Purah 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7:11 j99j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your courage will be strengthened 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you hear will be encourage you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:11 wv5r guard posts 0 places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army
7:12 r5ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as thick as a cloud of locusts 0 Here “cloud” means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
7:12 zt6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Their camels were more & in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore 0 The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
7:12 d37k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Their camels were more than could be counted 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their camels were more than anyone could count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:14 yg52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon 0 Here “the sword of Gideon” refers to Gideon’s army attacking. Alternate translation: “The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:14 v4e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture God has given him victory over Midian 0 This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
7:16 xjf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred men 0 “300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7:18 rj9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit For Yahweh and for Gideon! 0 The words “we fight” are implied. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:19 cxa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers hundred men 0 “100 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7:19 wba7 right at the beginning of the middle watch 0 The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o’clock at night.
7:20 zfw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon 0 Here “sword” refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:22 nw1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred trumpets 0 “300 trumpets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7:22 nk36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh set every Midianite man’s sword against his comrades 0 Here “sword” refers to their attack with the use of the sword. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:22 rv5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Shittah & Zererah & Abel Meholah & Tabbath 0 These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7:23 u5e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:24 js9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Barah 0 This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7:24 u7ze took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River 0 Alternate translation: “took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah”
7:25 hn84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the rock of Oreb & at the winepress of Zeeb 0 The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:25 rvj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Oreb & Zeeb 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:intro zh95 0 # Judges 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Gideon concludes in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Succoth’s refusal to help Gideon\nThe men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Gideon refuses to be king\n\nGideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you.” Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone’s plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
8:1 sea3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is this you have done to us? 0 The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not treated us fairly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8:1 f8fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:1 whc1 they had a violent argument with him 0 they argued angrily with him” or “they rebuked him severely”
8:2 xg1a General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nGideon replies to the men from Ephraim.
8:2 wpi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have I done now compared to you? 0 Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “I have done very little compared with what you have done!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8:2 xg8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? 0 Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8:2 i6yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? 0 Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. Alternate translation: “What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:2 rr59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Abiezer 0 This is the name of one of Gideon’s ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer’s descendants and their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:3 x1xa Oreb and Zeeb 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 7:25](../07/25.md).
8:3 bi55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have I accomplished compared to you? 0 Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is more important than what I have done.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8:3 riv2 died down 0 Alternate translation: “became less”
8:4 f6yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers the three hundred men 0 “the 300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8:4 s9yv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns kept up the pursuit 0 The word “pursuit,” an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “continued to chase their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
8:5 zt2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zebah and Zalmunna 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:6 l71p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand? 0 The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. Alternate translation: “You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8:6 aw3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna 0 Here “hands” refer to the whole body. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:6 bn4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy now in your hand 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:6 k3em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should we give bread to your army? 0 The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “We see no reason to give bread to your army.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:7 gwp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:7 j77m thorns and briers 0 sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals
8:8 bi3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He went up from there 0 Here “He” refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate translation: “They left there” or “Gideon and his 300 men left there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:8 ikw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Peniel 0 The name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:8 ak91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis spoke to the people there in the same way 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “asked for food there in the same way” or “he also asked them for food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
8:9 y4qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism When I come again in peace 0 This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. Alternate translation: “After I have completely defeated the Midian army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
8:9 nth4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I will pull down this tower 0 Here “I” refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “My men and I will pull down this tower” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:10 nfu6 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
8:10 tli8 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
8:10 vw38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Karkor 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:10 bh2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers fifteen thousand men 0 “15,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8:10 p2iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism had fallen 0 This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
8:10 j3dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 120,000 men 0 “one hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8:10 mz6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy men who drew the sword 0 Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. This could mean: (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:11 t81p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Gideon went up 0 Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:11 y551 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He defeated 0 Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:11 jbu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nobah and Jogbehah 0 These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:12 dmu9 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
8:12 if5y panic 0 extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally
8:13 w2l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the pass of Heres 0 This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:14 a6z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit questioned him 0 It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. Alternate translation: “he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:14 l2rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy-seven officials 0 “77 officials” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8:15 buj3 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
8:15 bnf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna? 0 Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. Alternate translation: “You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8:16 ct8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Gideon took & he punished 0 Here “Gideon” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers took … they punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:16 vr3e thorns and briers 0 These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in [Judges 8:7](../08/07.md).
8:17 dbh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he pulled 0 Gideon and his soldiers pulled. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers pulled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:17 jg81 Peniel 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 8:8](../08/08.md).
8:18 lav2 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
8:18 gw8k Tabor 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
8:18 q1pd As you are, so were they 0 Alternate translation: “They were just like you”
8:19 jb1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As Yahweh lives 0 This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. Alternate translation: “I promise you that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
8:20 xg9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jether 0 This is the name of Gideon’s son. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:21 p21p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom For as the man is, so is his strength 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is a job for a man to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
8:21 lzn1 crescent 0 This is a curved shape with two points. This shape occurs when the moon is mostly covered in shadow.
8:21 eu98 ornaments 0 decorations
8:22 n3hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of Midian 0 Here “hand” represents the power of Midian over Israel. Alternate translation: “from the power of Midian” or “from Midian” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:22 zz2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:24 va81 Gideon said to them 0 Alternate translation: “Gideon said to the men of Israel”
8:24 qb9s earrings 0 jewelry worn on the ear
8:24 e5zj plunder 0 things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war
8:24 c2b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites 0 Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
8:25 ark2 cloak 0 clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat
8:26 z8qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 1,700 shekels of gold 0 “one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold.” If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “18.7 kilograms of gold” or “about 20 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
8:26 w5mz crescent ornaments 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 8:21](../08/21.md).
8:26 rc47 pendants 0 pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces
8:26 z7ld rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that was worn by the kings of Midian 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the kings of Midian wore” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:27 awh9 Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings 0 Alternate translation: “Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod”
8:27 tir6 Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
8:27 tyw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there 0 This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:27 j6ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all Israel 0 Here “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. Alternate translation: “very many people in Israel worshiped the garment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
8:27 bbx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house 0 This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunter’s snare that would trap them. Alternate translation: “It became a temptation for Gideon and his family” or “Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:27 i29y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for those in his house 0 Here “his house” represents Gideon’s family. Alternate translation: “for his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:28 wui8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel” or “So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:28 u2ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they did not raise their heads up again 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they did not attack Israel again” (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
8:28 un4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So the land had peace 0 Here “land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:28 mw8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 “40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8:28 z3zj in the days of Gideon 0 Alternate translation: “during the life of Gideon”
8:29 z3sb Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
8:30 m14n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy sons 0 “70 sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8:32 i3jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a good old age 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when he was very old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
8:32 w8yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:32 aen4 Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
8:32 pc1f the clan of Abiezer 0 Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
8:33 be44 It came about 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
8:33 l1r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turned again 0 The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. Alternate translation: “they stopped worshiping Yahwheh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:33 gh13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals 0 This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:33 ce8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baal-Berith 0 This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:34 k1h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand of all their enemies 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of all their enemies” or “from all their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:34 lqk5 on every side 0 Alternate translation: “who surrounded them”
8:35 svf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Jerub Baal 0 Here “the house of” represents a person’s family. Alternate translation: “the family of Jerub Baal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:35 w3k3 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
9:intro zl19 0 # Judges 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jotham’s curse\n\nGideon’s son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon’s other sons. “Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Tree metaphor\n\nThis chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
9:1 cb58 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
9:2 gfl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, ‘Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?’ 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
9:2 lpf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:2 e38y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am your bone and your flesh 0 Here “your bone and your flesh” represents being someone’s relative. Alternate translation: “I am a member of your family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:3 ie29 His mother’s relatives spoke for him to the leaders 0 This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king.
9:3 ubh9 they agreed to follow Abimelech 0 Alternate translation: “they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader”
9:4 yf44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house 0 Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:4 yf3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney seventy pieces of silver 0 This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. Alternate translation: “almost one kilo of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
9:4 v8x5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:4 g7i4 Baal-Berith 0 This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md).
9:4 mi77 worthless and reckless 0 Alternate translation: “violent and foolish”
9:5 c56j Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
9:5 jer7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one stone 0 “1 stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:5 gnp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:5 ilv2 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
9:6 up6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Millo 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:7 d3ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
9:7 ksz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive When Jotham was told about this 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:7 z9vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Gerizim 0 This is a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:8 p19p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ 0 In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
9:8 x1ky rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction to anoint a king over them 0 Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
9:8 ai6t Reign over us 0 Alternate translation: “Be our king”
9:9 q6h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I give up my abundance & over the other trees? 0 The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:9 v5cc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy abundance 0 This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:9 b42t by which gods and men are honored 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
9:9 ctc8 gods 0 It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so this could mean: (1) “gods” or (2) “God.”
9:9 a9cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sway over 0 To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
9:11 df3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables the fig tree said to them 0 Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
9:11 bi3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I give up my sweetness & over the other trees? 0 The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:11 jkz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns my sweetness and my good fruit 0 The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9:12 m2h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables The trees said to the vine 0 In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
9:13 i2y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I give up my new wine & over the other trees? 0 The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:14 mp3a thornbush 0 Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.
9:15 g1p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables The thornbush said to the trees 0 In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
9:15 zea8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction to anoint me as king over you 0 To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
9:15 cm8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns find safety 0 The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9:15 hvs5 fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon 0 This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars.
9:15 xn44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person then let fire come out of the thornbush 0 The thornbush refers to itself as “the thornbush.” Alternate translation: “then may fire come out from me, the thornbush” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
9:16 ayq2 Now 0 This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
9:16 y7g3 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
9:16 nu7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his house 0 Here “house” represents Gideon’s family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:17 x8ae General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place.
9:17 fpm7 to think that my father fought for you & out of the hand of Midian 0 Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem.
9:17 kqc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of Midian 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the Midianites” or “from the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:18 cr5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you have risen up against 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have opposed” or “you have rebelled against” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:18 i5zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my father’s house 0 Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my father’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:18 yy47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:18 ym97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one stone 0 “1 stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:18 c154 his female servant 0 Here “his” refers to Gideon.
9:19 cwl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house 0 Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. Alternate translation: “If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
9:19 re1x Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
9:19 r5ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his house 0 Here “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:20 rv9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo But if not 0 Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. Alternate translation: “But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
9:20 g8i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem 0 Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:20 ibq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech 0 Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:20 iey1 Beth Millo 0 This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:6](../09/06.md).
9:21 pan4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beer 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:23 bv9r God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem 0 This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem.
9:24 xf1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive God did this so the violence done & helped him murder his brothers 0 The passive phrases can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:24 cb41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:24 b1g1 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
9:25 b7tx positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him 0 Alternate translation: “sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech”
9:25 pd3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive This was reported to Abimelech 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:26 r2ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gaal & Ebed 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:26 mv9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns had confidence in him 0 The word “confidence” is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb “trust.” Alternate translation: “trusted him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9:27 i6sf They went out into the field 0 Here “They” refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem.
9:27 r8w9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they trampled on them 0 They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:27 c3x3 trampled 0 Alternate translation: “crushed” or “stomped”
9:27 d9l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the house 0 Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:28 yyy5 Gaal & Ebed 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
9:28 w9hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? 0 Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:28 dfp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? 0 Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as “Shechem” because Abimelech’s mother was from Shechem. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:28 a6ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer? 0 Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:28 p2s8 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
9:28 b36z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zebul 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:28 rq5n Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem’s father 0 Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite.
9:28 ju72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should we serve Abimelech? 0 Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:29 v1e2 I wish that this people were under my command 0 Alternate translation: “I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem”
9:30 qj5l Zebul 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
9:30 a53k heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed 0 Alternate translation: “heard what Gaal son of Ebed said”
9:30 p2rs Gaal & Ebed 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
9:30 u13b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his anger was kindled 0 Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:30 lx8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city 0 Here “city” represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:31 u898 in order to deceive 0 Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. Alternate translation: “secretly”
9:31 gvg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they are stirring up the city against you 0 This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. Alternate translation: “they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:32 yn4z General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nZebul’s messengers continue talking to Abimelech.
9:32 j18v Now 0 This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
9:32 mrh8 an ambush 0 Alternate translation: “to hide and attack them suddenly”
9:33 k1f3 do whatever you can to them 0 This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal.
9:34 be8t all the men who were with him 0 Alternate translation: “all the men accompanying Abimelech” or “all the men fighting for Abimelech”
9:34 b14p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers dividing into four units 0 “separating into 4 groups” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:35 q22c Gaal & Ebed 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
9:36 v8bb Gaal 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
9:36 vu4i Zebul 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
9:36 gz9v You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men 0 Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills”
9:37 kmf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one unit 0 “1 group” or “1 troop” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:38 tqh1 Zebul 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
9:38 qap7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where are your proud words now, you 0 Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You are not speaking proudly now, you” or “You are not proud now, you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:38 fub2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion you who said, ‘Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?’ 0 Zebul is quoting Gaal’s boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “you who said that we should not serve Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
9:38 qdj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are these not the men you despised? 0 Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Here are the men that you despised.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:38 u392 despised 0 strongly disliked or hated
9:39 h55i Gaal 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
9:40 p7lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Many fell with deadly wounds 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “And many men died of wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:41 y21z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arumah 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:41 q5ep Zebul 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
9:41 f6ud Gaal 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
9:42 em2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this was reported to Abimelech 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone reported this to Abimelech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:43 rm73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers divided them into three units 0 “separated them into 3 groups” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:43 e8ph they set an ambush in the fields 0 Alternate translation: “they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise”
9:43 l12e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he attacked 0 Here “he” refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
9:44 h6g9 the units 0 Alternate translation: “the groups of soldiers”
9:44 a246 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers other two 0 “other 2” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:45 e7uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Abimelech fought & He tore down 0 Here “Abimelech” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Abimelech and his soldiers fought … They tore down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
9:45 ch7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against the city 0 Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “against the people of Shechem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:45 zi77 tore down 0 Alternate translation: “demolished”
9:45 t928 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit spread salt over it 0 “spread salt over the land.” Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:46 lty1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house 0 Here this represents a temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:46 kw6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names El-Berith 0 The word “El” means “god.” This is the same false god as “Baal-Berith” in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:47 hnv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Abimelech was told 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:48 h1s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Zalmon 0 This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:49 thc7 piled 0 This means to stack the branches into a large heap.
9:49 f9xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers about a thousand men 0 “about 1,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:50 jh8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Thebez 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:50 nyj8 encamped against Thebez 0 Alternate translation: “camped outside the city of Thebez”
9:52 jgq2 fought against it 0 Alternate translation: “attacked it”
9:53 z9j6 upper millstone 0 Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them.
9:54 vm49 armor-bearer 0 This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech.
9:54 is1h pierced him through 0 This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech.
9:56 h9fb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:57 fx65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads 0 “Evil turn back on their heads” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:57 hua1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:57 q7dp Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
10:intro zqn2 0 # Judges 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the account of Jephthah ([Judges 10-12](./01.md)).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel’s punishment\nIn Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
10:1 g7ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tola & Puah & Dodo 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:1 ti4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shamir 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:1 lxh7 arose to deliver Israel 0 Alternate translation: “came to deliver Israel” or “became the leader to deliver Israel”
10:1 i5f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy deliver Israel 0 Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:2 m2fd He judged Israel 0 Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
10:2 m93u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-three years 0 “23 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
10:2 unp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:3 f3wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He was followed by Jair the Gileadite 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jair the Gileadite was leader after Tola” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:3 m9uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jair 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:3 j6fm the Gileadite 0 Jair was from the tribe of Gilead.
10:3 fmn8 He judged Israel 0 Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
10:3 d5gs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Israel 0 Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:3 ezp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-two years 0 “22 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
10:4 i1hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers thirty sons 0 “30 sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
10:4 vb1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Havvoth Jair 0 This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:4 h644 to this day 0 This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written.
10:5 t8ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:5 s19j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kamon 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:6 lj2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor added to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh 0 This speaks of evil as if it were an object that a person could add to and make bigger. Alternate translation: “continued doing what Yahweh said was evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:6 ki1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:6 p7j4 Ashtoreths 0 This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:13](../02/13.md).
10:6 r515 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism They abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him 0 The author basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. These can be combined. Alternate translation: “They completely stopped worshiping Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
10:6 p6q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They abandoned Yahweh 0 No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:7 zf61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh burned with anger toward Israel 0 Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if anger were a burning fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was very angry at Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:7 f4v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites 0 Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:7 aj5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:8 psa9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet crushed and oppressed 0 These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. Alternate translation: “terribly oppressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
10:8 q2ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighteen years 0 “18 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
10:8 msz6 who were beyond the Jordan 0 This means on the east side of the Jordan River.
10:8 b5w4 which is in Gilead 0 Alternate translation: “this region is also called Gilead”
10:9 wq6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah & Benjamin 0 “Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people belonging to those tribes. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Judah … the people of the tribe of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:9 nt9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Ephraim 0 The “house” refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:9 gl3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy so that Israel was greatly distressed 0 “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Israel suffered much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:10 lda9 the people of Israel called out to Yahweh 0 This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help.
10:10 b8t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor because we abandoned our God 0 The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:10 t38a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person abandoned our God 0 The people are speaking to Yahweh and refer to him as “our God.” This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “abandoned you, our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
10:12 lf73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion and also from the Sidonians? 0 God is rebuking the people of Israel for their worship of other gods. The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Did I not deliver you” in verse 11 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who delivered you … and also from the Sidonians.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
10:12 w39a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Maonites 0 These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:12 e4ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from their power 0 Here “power” represents the Amalekites and the Maonites. Alternate translation: “from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:13 p759 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you abandoned me again 0 The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:13 zdy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you 0 The phrase “keep adding to the times” is an idiom that means to continue to do something. You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Yahweh’s saying. Alternate translation: “I will not keep on delivering you again and again” or “You can be sure that I will stop delivering you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:16 i2l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit foreign gods among them 0 You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “foreign gods whose images they possessed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:16 m6hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh could bear Israel’s misery no longer 0 Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:18 j3k2 Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites? 0 Alternate translation: “Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?”
11:intro q7si 0 # Judges 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Jephthah continues in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jephthah the leader\n\nJephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them.
11:1 yk6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gileadite 0 This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father’s name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:2 r35b When his wife’s sons grew up 0 Alternate translation: “When the sons of Gilead’s wife became adults”
11:3 aw1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the land of Tob 0 Tob is the name of a region. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:3 f5ze they traveled with him 0 Alternate translation: “they followed him” or “they went everywhere together”
11:4 cn67 Some days later 0 Alternate translation: “Some time later”
11:4 s6ku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom made war against Israel 0 The phrase “made war” is an idiom which means that they attacked Israel and were at war with them. Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “attacked the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:6 b37n that we may fight with 0 Alternate translation: “so that we can fight against”
11:7 f7vj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my father’s house 0 Here “house” refers to people living in the house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:8 ph3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit That is why we are turning to you now 0 The word “that” refers to what Jephthah said about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are turning to you now because we are in trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:8 uem9 fight with the people of Ammon 0 Alternate translation: “fight against the people of Ammon”
11:11 hf4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet leader and commander 0 These two words basically have the same meaning repeated to emphasize how important Jephthah had became. You can combine the two words. Alternate translation: “commander” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
11:11 v6uq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom When he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made 0 This is an idiom. Here the phrase “before Yahwheh” means that he repeated his promises as a vow before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When Jephthah was in Mizpah he repeated all of these promises as a vow before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:11 w6mk all the promises he made 0 This refers to the promises he made to the leaders of Gilead about becoming their leader.
11:12 ybt9 What is this conflict between us 0 “Why is there conflict between us?” Jephthah is asking the king why they are angry with Israel.
11:12 su7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Why have you come with force to take our land 0 The word “you” refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Why have your soldiers come to seize our land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:12 hwk4 come with force to take 0 Alternate translation: “come to forcefully take”
11:13 qdz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arnon & Jabbok 0 These are the names of two rivers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:13 ps71 over to the Jordan 0 Alternate translation: “on the other side of the Jordan River”
11:13 tsw4 in peace 0 Alternate translation: “peacefully” or “and do not try to defend them”
11:15 i4ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he said 0 Here the word “he” refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word “they” as in the UST, referring to the group of messengers. Alternate translation: “Jephthah told the messengers to say” or “they said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:16 e7sj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they came up from Egypt 0 Whenever people traveled to the promised land it is referred to as going “up” to the promised land. When the Israelites left Egypt they were on their way to the promised land. Alternate translation: “they left Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:17 je4p General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
11:17 tn6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche When Israel sent messengers 0 The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:17 kl4c pass through 0 Alternate translation: “go through” or “cross”
11:17 v8aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom would not listen 0 This phrase is an idiom that means to “refuse.” Alternate translation: “refused” or “denied their request” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:17 q2mz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They also sent messengers to the king of Moab 0 The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:17 x2ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit but he refused 0 The king of Moab refused Israel’s request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:18 el82 Arnon 0 This is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
11:19 msq6 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
11:19 ur8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Israel sent messengers to Sihon 0 The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:19 j2t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sihon 0 This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:19 pyu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:20 mn9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jahaz 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:20 ew16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory 0 Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:20 d9ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche there he fought 0 The word “he” refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “there they fought” or “there his army fought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:21 sf5x General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
11:21 fsk6 Sihon 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
11:21 vp7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel 0 Here “hand” refers to power to defeat in battle. Alternate translation: “gave Israel power over Sihon and all his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:22 ce2e Arnon & Jabbok 0 See how you translated the names of these rivers in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
11:23 v22e General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
11:23 ru3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion should you now take possession of their land? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with this rhetorical question. The word “their” refers to the Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, you should not take possession of their land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:24 nr59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:24 bcm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom take over 0 This is an idiom which means to take control of something. Alternate translation: “take control of” or “take possession of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:24 z3zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Chemosh 0 This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:25 wln3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Now are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not better than Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:25 fk7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Balak & Zippor 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:25 giw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did he dare to have an argument with Israel? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:25 k8y5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did he ever wage war against them? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Nor did he ever wage war against them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:26 pty2 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
11:26 t5g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred years 0 “300 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
11:26 pu9w Heshbon 0 Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
11:26 c2xi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aroer 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:26 h61t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion why then did you not take them back during that time? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should have taken them back during that time.” or “now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:27 aei3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me 0 Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. Alternate translation: “The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:27 n4fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom done you wrong & doing me wrong 0 This is an idiom. To do someone wrong means to do something wrong to them. Alternate translation: “treated you wrongly … treating me wrongly” or “treated you unfairly … treating me unfairly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:29 p2lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah 0 This is an idiom which means that the Spirit influenced Jephthah’s decisions. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took control of Jephthah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:29 dq1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he passed through Gilead and Manasseh & from Mizpah of Gilead 0 Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:31 kh4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will offer it up 0 This is an idiom which means to give something as an offering. Alternate translation: “I will offer it to you” or “I will sacrifice it to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:32 wr1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche So Jephthah passed through & Yahweh gave him victory 0 Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate translation: “So Jephthah and his army passed through … Yahweh gave them victory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:33 rt2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He attacked 0 Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself (verse 32). Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:33 dl1t Aroer 0 Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 11:26](../11/26.md).
11:33 pfq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Minnith & Abel Keramim 0 These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:33 i18j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty cities 0 “including 20 cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
11:34 ng9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown tambourines 0 musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
11:35 md3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he tore his clothes 0 This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. Alternate translation: “he tore his clothes from grief” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
11:35 puu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism You have crushed me with sorrow & you have become one who causes me pain 0 Jephthah said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
11:35 qi6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You have crushed me with sorrow 0 Here Jephthah speaks of his great sorrow as something that crushes him. Alternate translation: “You have caused me great sorrow” or “You have filled me with sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:35 dvs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have become one who causes me pain 0 Here Jephthah talks about his great distress and trouble as if it were pain. Alternate translation: “you have become someone who troubles me” or “you cause me great distress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:35 gvy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I cannot turn back on my promise 0 This is an idiom. To turn back on a promise means to not do what you have promised to do. Alternate translation: “I must do what I have promised” or “I cannot break my promise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:36 e6gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites 0 Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:37 hj6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Let this promise be kept for me 0 This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “Keep this promise for me” or “Keep this promise concerning me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:37 dh7s grieve over my virginity 0 Alternate translation: “weep because I am a virgin” or “cry because I will never be married”
11:39 n4my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism had never known a man 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had never had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
11:40 s739 the Gileadite 0 This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md).
12:intro p8zn 0 # Judges 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.\n\n### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Shibboleth\n\nThis is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
12:1 mp3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns A call went out to the men of Ephraim 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **call**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The men of Ephraim were called together” or “The men … of Ephraim called together their soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12:1 ubq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zaphon 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12:1 hh1l passed through & pass through 0 or “traveled through … travel” or “journeyed through … journey”
12:1 lt7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom We will burn your house down over you 0 This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. Alternate translation: “We will burn your house down with you still in it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12:2 fsb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you When I called you, you 0 Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
12:2 nxf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche did not rescue me 0 Jephthah uses the word “me” to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. Alternate translation: “do not rescue us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12:3 s3v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you did not rescue me 0 The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “you did not rescue us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12:3 zev7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I put my life in my own hand 0 This is an idiom which means to risk one’s life and to rely only on one’s own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. Alternate translation: “We risked our lives, relying on our own strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12:3 u5y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh gave me victory 0 Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave us victory over them” or “Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:3 uje8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Why have you come to fight against me 0 The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “Why have you come to fight against us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12:3 nt4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit passed through against the people of Ammon 0 This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:4 by47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he fought against Ephraim 0 The word “he” refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. Alternate translation: “they fought against Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12:4 y6zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You Gileadites are fugitives 0 You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. Alternate translation: “You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:4 p9f2 Gileadites 0 people from Gilead
12:4 h3vl in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh 0 “in the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh” or “in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh.” Here “Ephraim” and “Manasseh” refer to regions and are named after the tribes which live there.
12:5 dcy5 to Ephraim 0 Alternate translation: “to the land of Ephraim”
12:5 f8sh The Gileadites captured 0 Alternate translation: “The Gileadites controlled” or “The Gileadites occupied”
12:5 yc1p fords 0 These are places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow.
12:5 w1cc Ephraimite 0 person from the tribe of Ephraim
12:6 cee8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Shibboleth & Sibboleth 0 These words have no meaning. Copy these words into your language, and make sure that the beginning of the words, that is the letters “Sh” and “S” are translated differently. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
12:6 uc7k pronounce the word 0 Alternate translation: “make the sound of the word”
12:6 d82p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Forty-two thousand 0 “42,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
12:6 c2bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They killed forty-two thousand Ephraimites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:7 v8rv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jephthah the Gileadite died and they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:8 ha85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ibzan of Bethlehem 0 This is the name of a man from Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12:9 d515 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He gave away thirty daughters in marriage 0 Here “give away … in marriage” is an idiom which means that he allowed his daughters to get married. Alternate translation: “He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12:9 r2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside 0 The idiom “bring them in from the outside” means that he had women from other clans marry his sons. Alternate translation: “he arranged for thirty daughters of other men from outside of his clan to marry his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12:10 jbg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried at Bethlehem 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Bethlehem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:11 k8nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elon 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12:11 jl6e Zebulunite 0 someone from the tribe of Zebulun
12:12 dn79 Aijalon 0 Translate the name of this place the same way you did in [Judges 1:35](../01/35.md).
12:12 dzh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried in Aijalon 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Aijalon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:13 x9gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abdon & Hillel 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12:13 z3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pirathon 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12:14 n7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy They rode on seventy donkeys 0 These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word “rode” is used instead of “owned.” Alternate translation: “They owned seventy donkeys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:14 ua8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty sons & thirty grandsons & seventy donkeys 0 “40 sons … 30 grandsons … 70 donkeys (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
12:15 wqm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pirathonite & Pirathon 0 Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13:intro eu67 0 # Judges 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the account of Samson ([Judges 13-16](./01.md)).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Warning not to cut his hair\n\nThe angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson’s mother. Samson’s mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person’s hair. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
13:1 acr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:1 g29r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he gave them into the hand of the Philistines 0 Here “hand” refers to power to gain victory in battle. Alternate translation: “he allowed the Philistines to defeat them” or “he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:1 jxd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 “40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
13:2 y3dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zorah 0 This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13:2 l3wl Danites 0 people from the tribe of Dan
13:2 v9vw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Manoah 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13:3 a36u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom give birth to a son 0 This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:4 nfl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor anything unclean 0 Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:5 q3p1 Look 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
13:5 wb3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy No razor will be used upon his head 0 Here the word “head” refers to his hair. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one should ever cut his hair” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:5 lb1d razor 0 a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin
13:5 vq8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a Nazirite to God 0 This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:5 zui7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the womb 0 Here the word “womb” refers to the time before the child is born. Alternate translation: “from before he is born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:5 am6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of the Philistines 0 Here the word “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “the control of the Philistines” or “being under the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:6 djg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit A man of God 0 This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “A man that God sent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:6 w3z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible 0 Here “terrible” means “frightening.” Alternate translation: “I was very afraid of him because he looked like an angel of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13:7 n53c Look 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
13:7 p1sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom give birth to a son 0 This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:7 s1qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor any food that the law declares to be unclean 0 Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:7 pd9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a Nazirite to God 0 This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:7 xct1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death 0 This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. Alternate translation: “all his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
13:8 nb4i Manoah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
13:9 m96n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit came to the woman 0 You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the author’s words. Alternate translation: “came to Manoah’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:10 me6y Look 0 Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
13:10 snn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The man 0 This refers to the angel of God in [Judges 13:3](../13/03.md). This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the man of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:12 gti5 your words 0 Alternate translation: “what you have said”
13:14 u67r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy anything that comes from the vines 0 Here the angel refers to any food that grow on a vine as “coming” from the vine. Alternate translation: “anything that grows on a vine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:14 f8vu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unclean 0 Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 13:7](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:15 aw65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit prepare a young goat for you 0 You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoah’s statement. Alternate translation: “cook a young goat for you to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:17 ut4y your words come true 0 Alternate translation: “what you have said comes true”
13:18 dsd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you ask my name? 0 The angel asks this question as a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not ask me what my name is.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
13:18 rr96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It is wonderful 0 It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. Alternate translation: “It is too wonderful for you to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:19 lw91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit with the grain offering 0 This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. Alternate translation: “with the grain offering required with it” or “with the grain offering to accompany it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:19 d2km on the rock 0 “on the altar.” The altar Manoah sacrificed the offering on was a rock.
13:19 pqv4 He did something 0 Alternate translation: “The angel did something”
13:20 s8h8 the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar 0 Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar”
13:20 g2fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction lay facedown on the ground 0 “lay with their faces to the ground.” This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
13:21 yi5q that he was the angel of Yahweh 0 The word “he” refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen.
13:22 f9uz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit We are sure to die, because we have seen God 0 It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “God will cause us to die because we have seen him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:23 u22x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism He would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things 0 Manoah’s wife said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “He would not have told us what he wanted us to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
13:24 n565 the woman 0 Alternate translation: “Manoah’s wife”
13:24 lz2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom gave birth to a son 0 This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bore a son” or “had a baby boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:24 ht9i grew up 0 Alternate translation: “became an adult” or “matured”
13:25 hmc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh’s Spirit began to stir him 0 Here the way Yahweh’s Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit began to influence Samson” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:25 wnc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mahaneh Dan & Eshtaol 0 Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13:25 x4d3 Zorah 0 Translate the name of this town the same way you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
14:intro cl2d 0 # Judges 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18.\n\n### Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Intermarriage\n\nIt was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson’s parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
14:1 bwa3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Samson went down to Timnah 0 The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14:1 u7xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism one of the daughters of the Philistines 0 The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people” or “a Philistine girl” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
14:2 b9h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Now get her for me to be my wife 0 This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to become my wife” or “Make the arrangements for me to marry her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:3 lcb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people? 0 They ask this question to suggest that they could find Samson a wife among their own people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
14:3 x278 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism the daughters of your relatives 0 The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among your relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
14:3 wj22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines? 0 This question is asked to rebuke Samson. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind this question as a statement. you could make explicit the reason his parents do not want him to marry a Philistine. Alternate translation: “You really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:3 srv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Get her for me 0 This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to be my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:3 r62c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit she pleases me 0 This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. “I am pleased by how beautiful she is” or “she is beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:4 ubq9 this matter 0 This refers to Samson’s request to marry the Philistine woman.
14:4 k7hy for he desired to create a conflict 0 The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
14:5 d4lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Samson went down to Timnah 0 The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timnah was a city in the Sorek Valley. Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 14:1](../14/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14:5 ty9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And, look, there one of the young lions came up 0 Here the word “look” is used to draw the readers attention to a surprising event that happens in the story. The phrase “came up” means that the lion came near him. Alternate translation: “Suddenly, a young lion came near him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:5 szi7 was roaring at him 0 “threatened him.” This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something.
14:6 m9m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh’s Spirit suddenly came on him 0 The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit made him very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:6 ryx9 tore & apart 0 tore into two pieces
14:6 t92d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes had nothing in his hand 0 Here it states that he had nothing in his hand to emphasize that he was not holding a weapon. Alternate translation: “did not have a weapon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
14:7 s2mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit she pleased Samson 0 This means that he thought she was very beautiful. Alternate translation: “he was pleased by how beautiful she was” or “he thought she was very beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:8 d5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he turned aside 0 This means that he left his path to do something. Alternate translation: “he left the path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:8 ude7 carcass 0 dead body
14:8 um8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And, look, there was a swarm of bees 0 Here the word “look” is used to draw the reader’s attention to something surprising that happens in the story. Alternate translation: “He found a swarm of bees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:8 y8ha swarm 0 large group of insects
14:9 u3ie scraped up 0 Alternate translation: “gathered up”
14:10 cm3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Samson’s father went down to where the woman was 0 The phrase “went down” is used to describe Timnah which is lower in elevation than where Samson’s father lives. Alternate translation: “Samson’s father went to where the woman lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:10 ugh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the custom of the young men 0 It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. Alternate translation: “the custom of young men who were getting married” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:11 ff89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers thirty of their friends 0 “30 of their friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
14:12 kh6c riddle 0 a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
14:12 a8er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom can find it out 0 This means to figure out the meaning of the riddle. Alternate translation: “can figure out its meaning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:12 fk4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes 0 “30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
14:12 ze1u linen 0 a type of cloth
14:13 yu1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you But if you cannot tell me 0 Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the guests at the feast. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
14:14 z49r General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nSamson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means.
14:14 j8sv Out of the eater was something to eat 0 Alternate translation: “Out of the eater came something to eat” or “Something to eat came out of something that eats”
14:14 mcm3 the eater 0 The noun “eater” can be expressed as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the thing that eats”
14:14 hsz9 out of the strong was something sweet 0 Alternate translation: “out of the strong came something sweet” or “Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong”
14:14 ck4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the strong 0 This refers to something that is strong. Alternate translation: “the strong thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
14:14 bdu6 his guests 0 Alternate translation: “the men at his feast”
14:14 mf31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor could not find the answer 0 Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. Alternate translation: “could not figure out the answer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:15 wrs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the fourth day 0 “day 4” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
14:15 w5dc Trick 0 mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
14:15 jx5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your father’s house 0 This could mean: (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:15 t8sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will burn up 0 The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:15 si25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did you invite us here in order to make us poor? 0 They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
14:15 sg4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to make us poor 0 They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:16 hr3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism All you do is hate me! You do not love me 0 Samson’s wife basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You do not really love me at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
14:16 d72a riddle 0 a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
14:16 j4gp Look here 0 This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
14:16 zq8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? 0 Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:17 ejm7 during the seven days that their feast lasted 0 This could mean: (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.”
14:17 rfq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the seventh day 0 “day 7” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
14:17 xid1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom she pressured him very much 0 Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:18 ui6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the men of the city 0 This refers to Samson’s wife’s relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:18 mq6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the seventh day 0 “day 7” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
14:18 vi1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion? 0 This is the answer to the riddle. It may be written as a statement instead of as questions. If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding more information. Alternate translation: “Honey is sweet and a lion is strong.” or “Honey is sweet and it came out of a lion.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:18 scv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor If you had not plowed with my heifer 0 Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another person’s heifer to plow his field. Alternate translation: “If you had not used my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:18 cl8w plowed 0 To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds.
14:19 m2gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom came on Samson with power 0 The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” or “made Samson very powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:19 ht3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers killed thirty of their men 0 “killed 30 of their men” - (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
14:19 kc4e their men 0 Alternate translation: “the men who lived there”
14:19 u2u5 plunder 0 things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle
14:19 axx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit their clothes 0 These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. Alternate translation: “the sets of clothing that he had taken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:19 ym43 Burning with anger 0 Alternate translation: “Very angry”
14:19 d5ji went up to his father’s house 0 The phrase “went up” is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his father’s house is located.
14:20 hb14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Samson’s wife was given to his best friend 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his wife’s father gave her to his best friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:20 ibt7 best friend 0 Alternate translation: “closest friend”
15:intro dn16 0 # Judges 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Samson’s strength\n\nThe Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson’s power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
15:1 gn7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He said to himself 0 This refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “He thought to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:1 n6ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will go to my wife’s room 0 Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will go to my wife’s room, so we may sleep together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:1 hmg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis would not allow him to go in 0 The phrase “her room” is understood from what Samson said to himself. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “would not permit him to go into her room” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
15:2 f2qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so I gave her to your friend 0 This means that he gave her to be his friend’s wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “so I gave her to be married to your friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:2 pn1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion is she not? 0 He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hope you agree.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:2 ruf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Take her instead 0 He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Take her to be your wife instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:3 b19a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them 0 Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:4 vl3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred foxes 0 “300 foxes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:4 bxn9 foxes 0 Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals.
15:4 g4ms each pair 0 a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails
15:4 l3z7 tail to tail 0 Alternate translation: “by their tails”
15:4 b6p3 torches 0 A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light.
15:5 p7mc standing grain 0 grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field
15:5 i6qn stacked grain 0 the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested
15:5 a7kw orchards 0 An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown.
15:6 mns7 the Timnite’s son-in-law 0 The husband of a man’s daughter is a “son-in-law.”
15:6 r78s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Timnite 0 This is a person from Timnah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:6 uk9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit took Samson’s wife and gave her to his friend 0 Samson’s wife’s father gave her in marriage to Samson’s friend. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “took Samson’s wife and allowed her to marry Samson’s friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:6 hz8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom burned up 0 The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:7 sj8e said to them 0 Alternate translation: “said to the Philistines”
15:7 k4eu If this is what you do 0 Alternate translation: “Because you have done this.”
15:8 x42b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh 0 Here “hip and thigh” refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate translation: “He cut their bodies to pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:8 m2qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he went down 0 Here the phrase “went down” does not likely mean that he changed elevation, but rather, it is a way to describe someone going to another place. Alternate translation: “he went” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:8 xk3p cave 0 an opening in a hill or mountainside
15:8 yl63 cliff 0 a high, rocky hill or mountainside
15:8 b6rw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Etam 0 This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:9 g7cb the Philistines came up & in Judah 0 The phrase “came up” is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from.
15:9 fkh2 prepared for battle 0 Alternate translation: “organized themselves for battle”
15:9 v6jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lehi 0 This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:10 ut2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit do to him as he has done to us 0 The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. Alternate translation: “kill him like he killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
15:11 y64p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three thousand men of Judah 0 “3,000 men of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:11 ji18 cave in the cliff of Etam 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md).
15:11 k7fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us? 0 The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. Alternate translation: “You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:11 td2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They did to me, and so I have done to them 0 Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They killed my wife, so I killed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:12 a6ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hands of the Philistines 0 Here “hands” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:13 nz1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hand you over to them 0 This means to cause someone to be under someone else’s control. Alternate translation: “give you to the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:13 m8g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit up from the rock 0 This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md). Here the words “up from” mean that they had brought him away from the cave. Alternate translation: “away from the cave in the large rock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:14 dr4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit When he came 0 Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. Alternate translation: “When they came” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:14 xp7l Lehi 0 This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md).
15:14 w48h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom came on him with power 0 The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:14 nue5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax 0 Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. Alternate translation: “He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
15:14 d1fe flax 0 fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth
15:15 w6nt a fresh jawbone 0 This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set.
15:15 nb59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers a thousand men 0 “1,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:16 dzp6 the jawbone of a donkey 0 Alternate translation: “a donkey’s jawbone”
15:16 dm4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit heaps upon heaps 0 This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:17 ra2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ramath Lehi 0 This is the name of a place. It’s name means “Jawbone Hill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:18 ta26 was very thirsty 0 Alternate translation: “needed water to drink”
15:18 t3wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole But now will I die of thirst and fall into & uncircumcised? 0 This could mean: (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into … uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into … uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
15:18 h9yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom die of thirst 0 This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:18 u4x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised 0 The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:19 c7pf split open the hollow place 0 “opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear.
15:19 c776 Lehi 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md)
15:19 rty1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism his strength returned and he revived 0 These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “he became strong again” or “he was revived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
15:19 r7ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names En Hakkore 0 This is the name of a spring of water. The name means “spring of him who prayed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:19 k47v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom it is at Lehi to this day 0 This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase “to this day” refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:20 ru29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the days of the Philistines 0 This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “during the time the Philistines controlled Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:20 l52v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers for twenty years 0 “for 20 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
16:intro u81n 0 # Judges 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson concludes in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Samson’s mistake\n\nSamson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson’s only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.
16:1 l289 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism he went to bed with her 0 The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
16:2 j859 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names The Gazites were told 0 The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:2 fyj2 The Gazites surrounded the place & they waited for him all night at the city gate 0 This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.
16:2 lsy6 They kept silent all night 0 This could mean: (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.”
16:3 iye2 until midnight 0 Alternate translation: “until the middle of the night”
16:3 fv5x its two posts 0 These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts.
16:3 c2m4 bar and all 0 The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars.
16:3 m4dx shoulders 0 the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body
16:3 yq6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hebron 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:4 itb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Valley of Sorek 0 This is the name of a valley near Samson’s home. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:5 c6wz Trick 0 to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
16:5 x4w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to see 0 This is an idiom that means to learn something. Alternate translation: “to understand” or “to learn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:5 vq28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom where his great strength lies 0 This is an idiom that refers to where his strength comes from. Alternate translation: “what causes him to be very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:5 y38x by what means we may overpower him 0 Alternate translation: “how we might overpower him”””
16:5 g3bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 1,100 pieces of silver 0 “one thousand one hundred pieces of silver.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
16:6 r4hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive bind you, so you might be controlled 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “bind you to control you” or “bind you to restrain you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:7 ae1p fresh bowstrings 0 Bowstrings were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. The words “fresh bowstrings” refer to those that come from a freshly slaughtered animal that have not yet dried.
16:7 z8ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that have not been dried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that have not yet dried” or “that are not dry yet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:8 xv64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that had not been dried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that had not yet dried” or “that were not dry yet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:8 xt1g she tied Samson up with them 0 Alternate translation: “Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings”
16:9 n6px rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
16:9 by3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The Philistines are upon you 0 The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:9 sy3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire 0 The author describes how easily he broke the bowstrings by comparing them to how yarn breaks when it is burned. Alternate translation: “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if he were breaking burned yarn” or “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if they were made of thin yarn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
16:10 x2km rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism This is how you have deceived me and told me lies. 0 Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “You have greatly deceived me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
16:10 e5iw you can be overpowered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you”
16:12 vpr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The Philistines are upon you 0 The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:12 rnx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom lying in wait 0 This means that they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. Alternate translation: “waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:12 j7zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like they were a piece of thread 0 The author describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to him breaking a piece of thread. Alternate translation: “as easily as if they were only a piece of thread” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
16:13 hg41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism you have deceived me and told me lies 0 Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “you have greatly deceived me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
16:13 t97z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you may be overpowered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:13 s6f3 weave 0 crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place
16:13 h8x3 locks of my hair 0 small bunches of hair
16:13 c2e8 fabric 0 cloth made from weaving material together
16:13 wv5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown loom 0 a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
16:13 gkr7 then nail that to the loom 0 Alternate translation: “then nail the fabric to the loom”
16:13 pn2m nail 0 to hammer a nail in order to hold something in one place
16:13 w58a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will be like any other man 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be as weak as any other man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:14 h61l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The Philistines are upon you 0 The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:14 k9fi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom 0 Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:14 lc6p the pin 0 This is the wooden nail or peg used to fasten the fabric to the loom.
16:15 zzt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can you say, ‘I love you,’ when you do not share your secrets with me? 0 Delilah asks this question to say that if Samson really loved her he would tell her his secrets. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “When you say ‘I love you,’ you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:16 s5ui rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom pressed him hard & pressured him 0 Here the author speaks of how Delilah tries to persuade Samson as if she were putting pressure on him to convince him to tell her what she wants to know. Alternate translation: “tried hard to persuade him … kept trying to persuade him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:16 imn2 with her words 0 Alternate translation: “by what she said to him”
16:16 iqa6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole that he wished he would die 0 The author used a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize how miserable Sampson felt. Alternate translation: “that he was completely miserable” or “that he was very unhappy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
16:17 c8q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit told her everything 0 everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “told her the source of his strength” or “told her the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:17 y8xz razor 0 a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person’s skin
16:17 z2nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a Nazirite for God 0 This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:17 fhm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from my mother’s womb 0 Here “from my mother’s womb” refers to when he was born. This means that he has been a Nazirite since he was born. Alternate translation: “my entire life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:17 t2us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive If my head is shaved 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone shaves my head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:17 seg5 shaved 0 to have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor
16:17 iq1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification my strength will leave me 0 Samson speaks about his strength as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “I will not be strong any more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
16:18 m9zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Delilah saw 0 Here the word “saw” is a idiom that means to realize something. Alternate translation: “Delilah realized” or “Delilah learned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:18 z2eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the truth about everything 0 Here the word “everything” refers to everything about why Samson was strong. Alternate translation: “the truth about why he is strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:18 x4mm Come up again 0 Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from.
16:18 ipi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit bringing the silver in their hands 0 This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. Alternate translation: “bringing the silver that they had promised to give her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:19 h2jg She had him fall asleep 0 Alternate translation: “She caused him to fall asleep”
16:19 x4y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in her lap 0 This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with his head on her lap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:19 gjg3 lap 0 The lap is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down.
16:19 vai4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession the seven locks of his head 0 Samson had seven locks of hair on his head. Locks are small bunches of hair. Here his locks of hair are described as “belonging” to his head. Alternate translation: “the seven locks of hair on his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
16:19 w8dj subdue him 0 Alternate translation: “control him”
16:19 qt31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification his strength had left him 0 Here Samson’s strength is described as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “his strength was gone” or “he was no longer strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
16:20 e9dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The Philistines are upon you 0 The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:20 jt7e woke up 0 Alternate translation: “awakened”
16:20 n31e get out 0 Alternate translation: “escape”
16:20 n47x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But he did not know that Yahweh had left him 0 It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:21 ve9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom put out his eyes 0 This means that they removed his eyes from his head. Alternate translation: “removed his eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:21 z2vv down to Gaza 0 The phrase “down to” is used here because they brought Samson to Gaza which is lower in elevation than his home where they captured him.
16:21 t7gr bound him with bronze shackles 0 Alternate translation: “chained him with bronze shackles” or “tied him up using bronze shackles”
16:21 t1sq shackles 0 locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both
16:21 mn74 turned the millstone 0 Alternate translation: “pulled the millstone around in a circle”
16:21 ujq1 millstone 0 This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it.
16:22 ru6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive after it had been shaved 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the Philistines had shaved it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:23 b13v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Dagon 0 a major false god of the Philistines (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:23 p125 has conquered 0 Alternate translation: “has defeated”
16:23 ekg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor put him in our grasp 0 Here the author speak of Samson being under the rulers’ control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. Alternate translation: “put him under our control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:24 ums1 the destroyer of our country 0 This refers to Samson. The word “destroyer” can be expressed with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “the man who has destroyed our country”
16:24 y4qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche who killed many of us 0 Here the word “us” refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. Alternate translation: “who killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
16:25 hiy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Call for Samson & They called for Samson 0 Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. Alternate translation: “Call for them to bring out Samson … They brought Samson” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:26 b8yg the boy 0 “the young man” This was not a young child, but rather a youth.
16:26 d2gs Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests 0 Alternate translation: “Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building”
16:27 fx8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
16:27 cp19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three thousand men and women 0 “3,000 men and women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
16:27 l6hc looking on 0 Alternate translation: “watching”
16:27 ulj6 while Samson was entertaining them 0 It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him.
16:28 n4yh called to Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh”
16:28 ypq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call me to mind 0 This means to remember him and his situation. Alternate translation: “remember me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:28 ld69 only this once 0 Alternate translation: “one more time”
16:28 f2en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in one blow on the Philistines 0 This idiom means that he wants to have one more powerful act against the Philistines to get full revenge for what they did to him. Alternate translation: “with one strike against the Philistine” or “in one powerful act against the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:29 dmd3 on which the building rested 0 Alternate translation: “which held up the building”
16:30 mt5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He stretched out with his strength 0 When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. Alternate translation: “He used his strength to push down the pillars” or “He used his strength to push over the pillars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:30 i5lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the dead 0 This refers to people who are dead. Alternate translation: “the dead people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
16:30 u7yd were more 0 Alternate translation: “were a greater amount”
16:31 rl5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all the house of his father 0 Here the word “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “all of his father’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:31 jg6m came down 0 The phrase “came down” is used here because the place that Samson’s family traveled form was higher in elevation than Gaza.
16:31 na1k Zorah & Eshtaol 0 See how you translated the names of these places in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md) and [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
16:31 de6c in the burial place of Manoah, his father 0 Alternate translation: “where his father, Manoah, is buried”
16:31 i2d4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Manoah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:31 wv8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Samson had judged Israel for twenty years 0 This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/20.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. Alternate translation: “Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:31 vmv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty years 0 “20 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
17:intro c454 0 # Judges 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Idols and figures\n\nAccording to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
17:1 rrp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants There was a man 0 This is a way to introduce a new person to the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
17:1 ke46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Micah 0 This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:2 c1x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 1,100 pieces 0 “one thousand one hundred pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
17:2 k7it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that were taken from you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone stole from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:2 m56x I stole it 0 Alternate translation: “I was the one who took it”
17:3 z9j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 1,100 pieces 0 “one thousand one hundred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
17:3 p6yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom set apart 0 This means to dedicate something to a specific purpose. Alternate translation: “dedicate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:3 sc6v cast metal 0 metal that has been melted and poured into a mold to form a special shape
17:3 ss9u I restore it to you 0 Alternate translation: “I give it back to you”
17:4 xsr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers two hundred pieces of silver 0 “200 pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
17:4 r9hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they were placed in the house of Micah 0 The word “they” refers to the metal figures. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Micah placed them in his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:5 f5zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a house of idols 0 This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a house for worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:6 mxx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor everyone did what was right in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “each person did what he decided was right” or “each person did what he judged to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:7 z9bc of Bethlehem 0 Alternate translation: “from Bethlehem”
17:7 u5wv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit of the clan of Judah 0 This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “who was living among the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:7 ktm7 He stayed there to fulfill his duties 0 Alternate translation: “He lived and worked there”
17:8 pd1z find a place to live 0 Alternate translation: “find a different place to live”
17:9 u9x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit where I might live 0 It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. Alternate translation: “where I might live and have a job” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:10 s5tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a father and a priest 0 The word “father” is here used in the sense of an advisor, and not to a literal father. Alternate translation: “an advisor and a priest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:10 mw13 I will give you ten pieces of silver a year 0 Alternate translation: “I will give you ten pieces of silver each year”
17:10 j73e a suit of clothes 0 Alternate translation: “a set of clothes”
17:10 tm7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So the Levite went into his house 0 It is implied that the Levite accepted Micah’s offer, and therefore, entered Micah’s house. Alternate translation: “So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:11 mvs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile the young man became to Micah like one of his sons 0 The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. Alternate translation: “the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
17:12 t9an rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Micah set apart the Levite 0 Here “set apart” means that Micah “dedicated” or “ordained” him. Alternate translation: “Micah dedicated the Levite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:12 s6d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy was in Micah’s house 0 Here living in Micah’s house is spoken of as “being” in his house. Alternate translation: “lived in Micah’s house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:intro y2ru 0 # Judges 18 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The tribe of Dan\n\nThe tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes’ victories. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])
18:1 d1r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent In those days 0 This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
18:1 w9qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background In those days & from among the tribes of Israel 0 This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
18:1 g4f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit not received any inheritance from 0 This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. Alternate translation: “not received a land inheritance from” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:2 f83t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the whole number of their tribe 0 The phrase “the whole number” refers to all of the men in the tribe. Alternate translation: “from among all of the men in their tribe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:2 j6xd experienced warriors 0 Alternate translation: “experienced fighters”
18:2 jv96 Zorah 0 See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
18:2 cgy7 Eshtaol 0 See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
18:2 wg6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to scout the land on foot 0 The phrase “on foot” means to walk. Alternate translation: “to scout the land by walking through it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:2 bt98 Micah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 17:1](../17/01.md).
18:3 c2tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they recognized the speech of the young Levite 0 They recognized the man by the sound of his voice. Here “speech” refers to his “voice.” Alternate translation: “they heard the young Levite talking, and they recognized his voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:7 i57p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Laish 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18:7 a8c9 There was no one who conquered 0 Alternate translation: “There were no enemies living in their land who had conquered them”
18:7 ch81 had no dealings with anyone 0 “had no contact with any outsiders.” This means they lived far enough away from any other city that they lived secluded from other people.
18:8 f5il Zorah 0 Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
18:8 lih2 Eshtaol 0 Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
18:9 zpe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you doing nothing? 0 This rhetorical question is asked sarcastically and means that they should be doing the opposite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should be acting now!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
18:9 n8um rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives Do not be slow to attack 0 These two negative words “not” and “slow” together emphasize the positive idea to attack quickly. Alternate translation: “Hurry! Attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
18:10 r61z the land is wide 0 “the land is large.” This is a description of the size of the land.
18:10 ab9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole that does not lack anything in the land 0 The men use a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that it is a very desirable place to live. Alternate translation: “where we will have everything there that we need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
18:10 aj2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives that does not lack anything 0 The two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “has everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
18:11 b97l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Six hundred men 0 “600 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
18:12 z66i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kiriath Jearim 0 This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18:12 q4cf Mahaneh Dan 0 Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
18:12 f453 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to this day 0 This means that something remains the same. It refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “and that is still its name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:14 l46p Laish 0 Translate the name of this town the same as you did in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
18:14 g3gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion in these houses there are an ephod, & metal figure? Decide & will do 0 The five men asked this question to suggest and encourage the men that they should steal the idols. This can be written as a statement, and the implied information may be given in a parenthetical phrase. Alternate translation: “these houses contain an ephod, … metal figure. (They were suggesting that the men steal these things.) Decide … will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:14 g8xi in these houses there are 0 Alternate translation: “in one of these house there is” or “among these houses is”
18:15 cx88 they turned in there 0 Alternate translation: “they turned”
18:15 tf6m they greeted him 0 The word “him” refers to the Levite.
18:16 m84v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers six hundred Danites 0 “600 Danites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
18:17 a6nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers six hundred men 0 “600 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
18:19 fje7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man & a clan in Israel? 0 They ask this as a rhetorical question to imply that it is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is better for you to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel than for just the house of one man.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
18:20 z2bp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The priest’s heart was glad 0 Here the priest is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “The priest was glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:21 v31e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They put the small children in front of themselves 0 They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. Alternate translation: “They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:21 t33e they turned 0 Alternate translation: “the Danites turned around”
18:22 p9e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a good distance 0 “some distance.” This refers a short distance but one that is long enough to be considered as measurable progress. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:22 l34e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the men who were in the houses near Micah’s house were called together 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he called together the men who were in the houses near his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:22 vkf1 they caught up with the Danites 0 This implies that they ran after them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “running after the Danites, they caught up with them”
18:23 c2k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you been called together? 0 This question is a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have called your men together to chase us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
18:23 sbb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive been called together 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “called these men together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:24 dy7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the gods that I made 0 Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them. Alternate translation: “the gods which I had made for me” or “the gods which a craftsman made for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:24 edz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What else do I have left? 0 Micah asks this question to emphasize that he no longer has the things that are important to him. Alternate translation: “I have nothing left.” or “You have taken everything that is important to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
18:24 i1v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can you ask me, ‘What is bothering you?’ 0 Micah asks this question to emphasize that the Danites definitely know what is bothering him. Alternate translation: “You know that I am greatly distressed!’” or “You know how much I am bothered by what you have done to me!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
18:25 yzy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy let us hear you say anything 0 The phrase “us hear you say” refers to the Danites hearing Micah speaking about what had happened, but it also includes if they are told by others that Micah had spoken about what had happened. Alternate translation: “let us find out that you have said anything” or “say anything about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:25 pgt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit hear you say anything 0 The word “anything” refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micah’s house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “hear you say anything about this matter” or “hear you say anything about what has happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:25 fqe4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you and your family will be killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “kill you and your family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:26 g59x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom went their way 0 This means that they continued on their journey. Alternate translation: “continued on their journey” or “continued travelling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:26 v6df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they were too strong for him 0 This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. Alternate translation: “they were too strong for him and his men to fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:27 k9py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy what Micah had made 0 Micah did not make his gods, rather a craftsman made them for him. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the things that had been made for Micah” or “Micah’s things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:27 fw33 Laish 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
18:27 r1pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche with the edge of the sword 0 “with their swords.” Here “the sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:28 p5rb they had no dealings with anyone 0 this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
18:28 vw28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Rehob 0 This is a name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18:30 z23n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses 0 This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The young Levite’s name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18:30 myi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor until the day of the land’s captivity 0 This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. Alternate translation: “until the day that their enemies conquered their land” or “until the day that their enemies took them captive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:31 m78z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that he made 0 Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. Alternate translation: “that had been made for him” or “that his craftsman made for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:intro gj7f 0 # Judges 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The sin of Benjamin\n\nPeople from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor’s wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
19:1 akh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent In those days 0 This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
19:1 u1qs remote 0 far from where most people live
19:2 p37k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit was unfaithful to him 0 This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. Alternate translation: “began to sleep with other men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:3 e9q8 His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys 0 Alternate translation: “He took with him his servant and two donkeys”
19:4 bhr2 His father-in-law, the girl’s father, persuaded 0 Alternate translation: “His father-in-law, that is, the girl’s father, persuaded” or “The girl’s father persuaded”
19:4 v2kw persuaded him to stay 0 Alternate translation: “spoke to him so he decided to stay”
19:5 in6x he prepared 0 the Levite prepared
19:5 kp5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread 0 Here “bread” refers to “food.” Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
19:6 j88k Please be willing to spend the night 0 Alternate translation: “Please stay another night”
19:8 a9ur rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Strengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon 0 The father-in-law is suggesting that he strengthen himself by eating. He is also asking him to wait until the afternoon to leave. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel, and wait until afternoon to leave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:9 lvj4 now the day is advancing toward evening 0 Alternate translation: “the day is almost over” or “it is almost evening”
19:10 amf9 that is Jerusalem 0 Alternate translation: “which was later called Jerusalem”
19:11 l8er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Come, let us 0 This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:11 k4l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn aside to 0 This means to take a break from their journey and stop somewhere along the route. Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:12 yc4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn aside into 0 This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:13 mke2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Come, let us 0 This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:15 fgr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turned aside 0 This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stopped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:15 bqt5 the city square 0 the marketplace where people gathered during the day
19:15 w9ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom took them into his house 0 This phrase means for someone to invite them to spend the night in their home. Alternate translation: “invited them to stay in their house for that night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:16 z1l2 Benjamites 0 A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
19:17 lsd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He raised his eyes 0 Here the man looked up and paid attention to what was around him. Alternate translation: “He looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:17 h3nh the city square 0 the marketplace where people gathered during the day. See how you translated this in [Judges 19:14](../19/14.md).
19:18 jzg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who will take me into his house 0 This phrase refers to someone inviting other people into his house to spend the night there. Alternate translation: “who has invited me to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:18 c5ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche will take me 0 Here the Levite says “me,” but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. Alternate translation: “will take us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
19:19 he3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive there is bread and wine 0 Change to active voice. Alternate translation: “we have plenty of bread and wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:19 gw93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person me and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants 0 The Levite speaks of himself and the others as servants and in the third person to show respect. Alternate translation: “me, my concubine, and my servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
19:19 w8hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes We lack nothing 0 This can be written as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “We have everything we need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
19:20 ep3p Only do not 0 “Do not.” The word “only” is used here to emphasize what he did not want the Levite to do.
19:20 jm1p square 0 This refers to the city square. See how you translated this [Judges 19:17](../19/17.md).
19:21 z5ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom brought the Levite into his house 0 This means that he invited the Levite to spend the night in his house. Also, by inviting the Levite he was inviting the man’s concubine and servant as well. Alternate translation: “invited the Levite and his servants to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
19:22 dx6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they were making their hearts glad 0 The phrase “making their hearts glad” is an idiom that means to have a good time with someone else. Alternate translation: “they were have a good time together” or “they were enjoying themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:22 q1dh some men of & surrounded the house 0 Some men stood on all sides of the house.
19:24 k4nm See 0 This word is used to get the peoples’ attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
19:25 lk3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the men would not listen to him 0 Here the author speaks of “agreeing” as if it were “listening.” Alternate translation: “the men would not accept his offer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:25 ty8i the man seized his concubine 0 there could be confusion as to the identity of the man. Alternate translation: “the Levite seized his concubine”
19:25 d28f at dawn 0 “when the sun was coming up” or “at first light” This refers to when the sun begins to rise.
19:26 irp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom it was light 0 This refers to morning when it is bright outside. Alternate translation: “the sun was fully risen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:28 gk5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But there was no answer 0 The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But she did not answer because she was dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:29 r79a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom limb by limb 0 “section by section.” The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. “Limbs” refers to a person’s arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:29 fx7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twelve pieces 0 “12 pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
19:29 xd3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel 0 This means that he sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. Alternate translation: “sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:intro lla1 0 # Judges 20 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Benjamin destroyed\n\nThe army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant.
20:1 wg4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as one man 0 This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
20:1 jp6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from Dan to Beersheba 0 This refers to the land as a whole. Alternate translation: “from all the eleven tribes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
20:2 ze7s God—400,000 men on foot 0 Alternate translation: “God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came”
20:2 hzs8 ready to fight 0 “capable of going to war.” They were not going to fight each other.
20:3 sl7g Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew.
20:3 x8r4 had gone up to Mizpah 0 Mizpah was located high in the mountains.
20:4 sa27 to spend the night 0 Alternate translation: “for the night” or “to stay for a night”
20:6 gkc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys wickedness and outrage 0 The word “outrage” describes the “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “outrageous wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
20:7 h9h3 Now 0 This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite.
20:7 wp5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet give your advice and counsel here 0 The words “advice” and “counsel” refer to the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “decide what we need to do about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
20:8 s9g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as one 0 This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. They all acted together in exactly the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
20:8 s835 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism None of us will go to his tent & none of us will return to his house 0 These two clauses say basically the same thing twice for emphasis. They can be combined. The words “none … go” and “none … return” emphasizes how the people will continue to stay there. They can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will all stay here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
20:9 xy7l But now 0 These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation.
20:9 l369 as the lot directs 0 This involved tossing or rolling small marked stones to determine what God wants.
20:10 wsa9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten men of a hundred & one hundred of a thousand & one thousand of ten thousand 0 “10 men out of 100 … 100 out of 1,000 … 1,000 out of 10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:10 mm9k provisions 0 food and other things the people need
20:11 wfs1 assembled against the city 0 Alternate translation: “came together to attack the city”
20:13 m9f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom put them to death 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them” or “execute them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:13 n1zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the voice of their brothers 0 Here “voice” refers to the message that they spoke. Alternate translation: “what their brother said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:15 s9ku rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-six thousand 0 “26,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:15 g1vk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seven hundred 0 “700” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:16 a8xm left-handed 0 A left-handed person is someone who is more skilled with their left hand than with their right hand.
20:16 u1tj could sling a stone at a hair and not miss 0 This show how amazingly well they could aim and hit their target. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “could throw a stone at even a hair and hit it” or “could throw a stone at something as small as a hair and hit it”
20:17 apy5 not counting 0 Alternate translation: “not including”
20:17 g8sz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 400,000 0 “four hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:18 w2v7 asked for advice from God 0 Alternate translation: “asked God what to do” or “asked God how to continue”
20:19 k8jq moved their camp near Gibeah 0 There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight.
20:21 vj4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-two thousand 0 “22,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:22 cr9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom strengthened themselves 0 Here “strengthened” is an idiom that means they encouraged each other. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:22 wb6t they formed the battle line 0 This probably means that the Israelites prepared their battle lines for the next day’s fighting. Alternate translation: “they got ready to fight the next day”
20:23 cpc2 they sought direction from Yahweh 0 The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine God’s will.
20:25 t59r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighteen thousand 0 “18,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:26 y97x before Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence” or “to Yahweh”
20:27 usm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days 0 This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
20:27 cs7a was there in those days 0 Alternate translation: “was at Bethel in those days”
20:28 ly8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background and Phinehas & was serving before the ark in those days 0 This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
20:28 d9ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit was serving before the ark 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “was serving as priest before the ark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:28 w427 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Attack 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Attack the army of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:29 f7uq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Israel set men 0 Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:29 k5i5 secret places 0 Alternate translation: “in ambush”
20:31 t9eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit fought against the people 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:31 d8me rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they were drawn away from the city 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel drew them away from the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:31 z77c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They began to kill some of the people 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:32 e81w just as at first 0 Alternate translation: “just as before” or “just like the first two times”
20:33 a2ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baal Tamar 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:33 swx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Maareh Gibeah 0 This is the name of a place. Other translations may read “fields of Gibeah” or “west of Gibeah” or “Maareh Geba.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:34 de7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousand 0 “10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:34 wk8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom chosen men 0 This is an idiom that means these were particularly good soldiers. Alternate translation: “well-trained soldier” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:34 p4k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor disaster was close to them 0 Here immanent disaster is spoken of as if it was standing very close by them. Alternate translation: “they would soon be completely defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:35 bt91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 25,100 men 0 “twenty-five thousand one hundred men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:36 mrd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men & outside Gibeah 0 From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
20:36 i3ru rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom had given ground to Benjamin 0 This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. Alternate translation: “had allowed Benjamin to move forward” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:36 sq9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they were counting on the men 0 This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:39 t29b would turn from the battle 0 Alternate translation: “would retreat from the fight”
20:39 vbr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they are defeated before us 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we have defeated them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:41 ltm1 disaster 0 great harm, trouble, misery
20:41 jg8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom come on them 0 This idiom means it happened to them. Alternate translation: “happened to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:42 pdp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification But the fighting overtook them 0 This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them” or “But they were not able to escape the fighting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
20:43 xh56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nohah 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:43 cis4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor trampled them down 0 The completed destruction of the Benjamites is spoken of as if the Israelites stomped on their bodies. Alternate translation: “they completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:44 jd79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighteen thousand 0 “18,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:44 c8tw were distinguished in battle 0 Alternate translation: “had fought bravely in the battle”
20:45 akn8 They turned and fled 0 Alternate translation: “The remaining Benjamites turned and fled”
20:45 e3cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers five thousand & two thousand 0 “5,000 … 2,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:45 y3ry rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gidom 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:46 d674 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-five thousand 0 “25,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:47 h1ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers six hundred 0 “600” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
20:48 h7m3 turned back against the people of Benjamin 0 These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city.
20:48 l4rw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city 0 Here “the city” refers to the people in that city. Alternate translation: “everyone who was in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:48 ue39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in their path 0 This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. Alternate translation: “they came to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21:intro bf76 0 # Judges 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sin and immorality\n\nAt the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, “everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
21:1 w65e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now the men of Israel had made a promise & marry a Benjamite.” 0 This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
21:1 rw2t Benjamite 0 This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
21:3 q8cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today? 0 The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:5 xs35 The people of Israel said, “Which of all the tribes of Israel did not come up in the assembly to Yahweh?” 0 The people are referring back to the assembly of the Israelites at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites.
21:5 p72f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background For they had made an important promise concerning anyone who did not come up to Yahweh at Mizpah. They said, “He would certainly be put to death.” 0 This is background information to explain to the reader the promise that the Israelites had made at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
21:5 flc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He would certainly be put to death 0 Here “He” refers to anyone who did not go to Mizpah. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:6 yb7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their brother Benjamin 0 This speaks of the tribe of Benjamin as if it were Israel’s brother to show their closeness to the tribe. Alternate translation: “the surviving Benjamites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:6 j93p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor one tribe has been cut off from Israel 0 The destruction of the tribe of Benjamin is spoken of as if it had been cut off from Israel by a knife. This was an exaggeration because 600 men were still left. However, the women of Benjamin had been killed, so the future of the tribe was in question. Alternate translation: “one tribe has been removed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
21:7 dms9 Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters? 0 The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that.
21:8 vtf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jabesh Gilead 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:9 jyg7 people were set out in an orderly manner 0 Alternate translation: “people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for”
21:9 qs2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there 0 This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:10 p52b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twelve thousand 0 “12,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
21:10 qw5x strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children 0 The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction.
21:10 ajh8 strike & with the edge of the sword 0 Alternate translation: “kill … with their swords”
21:12 n2u2 Jabesh Gilead 0 This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
21:12 ani7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers four hundred young women 0 “400 young women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
21:12 w47b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism who had not known a man by lying with him 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “who had not had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
21:13 c39b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns they were offering them peace 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they wanted to stop fighting with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21:14 h1ad Jabesh Gilead 0 This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
21:14 iu7g there were not enough women for all of them 0 There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead.
21:15 v114 made a division between the tribes of Israel 0 Alternate translation: “had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified”
21:16 sc2b Benjamites 0 This refers to the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
21:16 rgy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the women of Benjamin have been killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we killed all the Benjamite women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:17 mk7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole There must be an inheritance & is not destroyed from Israel 0 The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
21:18 qnk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a wife to Benjamin 0 Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “a wife to the men of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
21:19 u453 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah 0 This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
21:19 m2hz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lebonah 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:21 am3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit each one of you should grab a wife & go back to the land of Benjamin 0 It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:22 z5gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Show us favor 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21:22 zsi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit because we did not get wives for each man during the war 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:22 pcc6 You are innocent & not give your daughters to them 0 This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.
21:23 ng9r the number of wives that they needed 0 This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead ([Judges 21:14](../21/14.md)).
21:25 b8xe there was no king in Israel 0 Alternate translation: “Israel did not yet have a king”
21:25 d46g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was right in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what he judged to be right” or “what he considered to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
2 front:intro v8pn 0 # Introduction to Judges\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Judges\n\n1. History of the judges of Israel (1:1–16:31)\n * Introduction (1:1-3:6)\n * Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (3:7–31)\n * Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31)\n * Gideon (6:1–8:35)\n * Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (9:1–10:5)\n * Jephthah (10:6-12:7)\n * Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8-15)\n * Samson (13:1–16:31)\n1. The account of Micah and his idols (17:1–18:31)\n1. The account of Gibeah; the other Israelites take revenge (19:1–21:25)\n\n### What is the Book of Judges about?\n\nThe Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over a period of about 150 years.\n\nThis book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the peoples who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a “judge.” The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died.\n\nAfter that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has the title “Judges” because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use the title “Judges” or a title such as “The Book about the Leaders in Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What kind of leaders were the judges?\n\nThese were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. After defeating their enemies, these leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of these leaders may have served only certain tribes.\n\n### What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges?\n\nDuring this time, the twelve tribes of Israel were independent of one another. They were not a unified nation with one ruler. The tribes would sometimes help each other when enemies were threatening them.\n\nThese tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh.\n\n### What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges?\n\nDuring this time, Israel struggled to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What is the meaning of the phrase “in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes”?\n\nThis phrase occurs twice in the book of Judges. Shorter versions of the phrase occur two other times. These phrases imply that the writer or editor of this book was alive at a later time when there was a king in Israel. They also seem to imply that the writer thought that things were not good in Israel because there was no king.\n\nThe translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the book’s writer is looking back into the past.\n\n### What is the meaning of the phrase “to this day”?\n\nThe narrator used this phrase to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. The translator must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation’s readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:21, 26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12.
3 1:intro a4am 0 # Judges 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### “After the death of Joshua”\nThis statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land\n\nIsrael fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against God’s instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land.
4 1:1 r9ee Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story.
5 1:1 b9my Yahweh 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
6 1:1 c92j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive will attack the Canaanites for us 0 The word “us” refers to the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
7 1:2 c4zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Judah will attack 0 Here “Judah” represents the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. Alternate translation: “The men of Judah must attack first” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8 1:2 i2v6 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
9 1:2 ysi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit this land 0 This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. Alternate translation: “the land of the Canaanites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10 1:3 k7aq their brothers 0 Alternate translation: “their fellow Israelites” or “their relatives”
11 1:3 x2kz Come up with us 0 The people of the tribes of Judah and Simeon were camped with the rest of the Israelite people in the valley of the Jordan River. The land given to Judah was in the hills above the valley. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. Alternate translation: “Come with us” or “Go with us”
12 1:3 p8mq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that was assigned to us & that was assigned to you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh assigned to us … that Yahweh assigned to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13 1:3 yz2b We will likewise go with you 0 Alternate translation: “We will also go with you” or “In the same way, we will go with you”
14 1:4 ku4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The men of Judah attacked 0 It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15 1:4 n19d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers They killed ten thousand 0 “They killed about 10,000” or “They killed a large number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
16 1:4 vmc4 of them 0 Alternate translation: “soldiers of the Canaanites and Perizzites” or “enemies”
17 1:4 c9xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bezek 0 This is an area in the mountains of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18 1:5 w88l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Adoni-Bezek 0 This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19 1:5 i3pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche they fought against him 0 Here “him” actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. Alternate translation: “they fought against him and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
20 1:6 vz6p pursued him 0 Alternate translation: “chased him”
21 1:7 es2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Seventy kings 0 “70 kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
22 1:7 t5fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off” or “whose thumbs and big toes we cut off” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23 1:7 p5cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gathered their food from under my table 0 Forcing these kings to eat scraps of food represents all the ways that Adoni-Bezek humiliated these kings. Here “gathering” food represents eating it. Alternate translation: “ate scraps of food from under my table” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24 1:8 hh58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city of Jerusalem and took it 0 Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in Jerusalem and defeated them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
25 1:8 ca78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy They attacked it 0 Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people of the city. Alternate translation: “They attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26 1:8 k6ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche with the edge of the sword 0 “with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
27 1:9 cs3t the men of Judah went down to fight 0 It was common to use the word “down” when it refers to traveling from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the men of Judah went to fight”
28 1:9 q3x9 in the Negev 0 Alternate translation: “in the southern Judean wilderness”
29 1:9 x4ew foothills 0 hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
30 1:10 ax37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba 0 This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
31 1:10 edk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai 0 These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. Each leader represents his army. Alternate translation: “Sheshai, Ahiman, Talmai, and their armies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32 1:11 lh59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher 0 The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called Kiriath Sepher. Alternate translation: “which used to be called Kiriath Sepher” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
33 1:11 fn5g was previously 0 Alternate translation: “was in times past” or “was at an earlier time”
34 1:12 e7kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it 0 Here “Kiriath Sepher” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Whoever attacks and defeats the people of Kiriath Sepher and takes their city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
35 1:12 n39v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aksah 0 This is the name of Caleb’s daughter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
36 1:13 xa4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Othniel, son of Kenaz 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
37 1:14 u3cc she urged him 0 Alternate translation: “Aksah urged Othniel”
38 1:15 m3cg Give me a blessing 0 Alternate translation: “Do a favor for me” or “Do this for me”
39 1:15 rz4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Since you have given me the land of the Negev 0 Caleb gave Aksah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
40 1:15 n8di rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Since you have given me the land 0 This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it (verse 14). She is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
41 1:16 x6ei of Moses’ father-in-law 0 Alternate translation: “of the father of Moses’ wife”
42 1:16 fqe9 father-in-law the Kenite went up 0 Alternate translation: “father-in-law, who was one of the Ken people, went up”
43 1:16 n6kh went up from the City of Palms & into the wilderness 0 Alternate translation: “left the City of Palms … and went into the wilderness”
44 1:16 a29w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit City of Palms 0 This is another name for the city of Jericho. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
45 1:16 u7t8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arad 0 This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
46 1:17 e48a the men of Simeon their brothers 0 Here “brothers” means relatives who were in another tribe of Israel.
47 1:17 nd84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zephath 0 This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
48 1:17 iy2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The name of the city was called Hormah 0 After the Israelites destroyed Zephath, they changed its name to “Hormah.” The name “Hormah” means “complete destruction.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
49 1:19 vtq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh was with the people of Judah 0 Here “was with” means that Yahweh helped the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
50 1:19 g27v plains 0 a very large area of level, treeless ground
51 1:20 ys79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Hebron was given to Caleb (like Moses had said) 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses had given Hebron to Caleb” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
52 1:20 eml1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche three sons of Anak 0 The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. Alternate translation: “three sons of Anak and their people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
53 1:20 tyj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Anak 0 This is the name of a man. Anak and his descendants were famous for being very tall. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
54 1:21 l6aj to this day 0 “until now.” This refers to the time the book of Judges was written.
55 1:22 da33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The house of Joseph 0 Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “The men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
56 1:22 pc1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to attack Bethel 0 Here “Bethel” represents the people who live in Bethel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
57 1:23 ffy3 spy 0 to get information secretly
58 1:23 vx3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background the city that was formerly called Luz 0 This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Luz but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Bethel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
59 1:24 qdm8 spies 0 people who get information secretly
60 1:25 dj1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they attacked the city 0 Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
61 1:25 ncm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche with the edge of the sword 0 “with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
62 1:25 uw87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom get away 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
63 1:26 i4r5 Luz 0 This new town started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz, near Bethel, that the man had left.
64 1:26 ym4e which is its name to this day 0 “which is still its name.” Here “to this day” refers to the time when the book of Judges was written.
65 1:27 va98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Shan & Taanach & Dor & Ibleam & Megiddo 0 These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66 1:27 grh4 because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land 0 To “determine” is to firmly decide something. Alternate translation: “because the Canaanites firmly decided not to leave that land”
67 1:28 m64k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy When Israel became strong 0 Here “Israel” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When the people of Israel became stronger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
68 1:28 h7tu they forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor 0 Alternate translation: “they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them”
69 1:29 ek8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Ephraim did not 0 Here “Ephraim” the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70 1:29 u8mq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gezer 0 The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
71 1:30 z9je rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Zebulun did not drive out 0 Here “Zebulun” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
72 1:30 p5am rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kitron & Nahalol 0 These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73 1:30 l8tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy but Zebulun forced 0 Here “Zebulun” represents the people of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
74 1:30 cp5q hard labor 0 Alternate translation: “difficult labor”
75 1:31 e29r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Asher did not drive 0 Here “Asher” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Asher. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
76 1:31 b612 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Akko & Sidon & Ahlab, Akzib, Helbah, Aphek & Rehob 0 These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
77 1:33 d9v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Shemesh & Beth Anath 0 These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
78 1:33 pck2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced into hard labor for Naphthali 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Naphtali forced the people of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath to work for them as slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
79 1:34 w8it not allowing them to come down 0 Alternate translation: “stopping them from coming down”
80 1:34 ijt5 plain 0 a very large area of flat land without trees
81 1:35 qwt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Heres 0 This is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
82 1:35 cw8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aijalon & Shaalbim 0 These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
83 1:35 x276 the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them 0 Alternate translation: “the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army”
84 1:35 uvw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Joseph 0 Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “the men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
85 1:36 g7nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the hill of Akrabbim 0 This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the “Scorpion Pass.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
86 1:36 qr2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sela 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
87 2:intro mf6a 0 # Judges 2 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh tests Israel\n\nYahweh said, “Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant.” Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])
88 2:1 tt9y angel of Yahweh 0 This could mean: (1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or (2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or (3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking.
89 2:1 q2ka went up from Gilgal to Bokim 0 Alternate translation: “left Gilgal and went to Bokim”
90 2:1 x66i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bokim 0 This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. “Bokim” means “crying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
91 2:1 te37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and said 0 It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and said to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
92 2:1 im2i brought you up from Egypt 0 Alternate translation: “led you from Egypt”
93 2:1 ha9u your fathers 0 Alternate translation: “your ancestors” or “your forefathers”
94 2:1 p92u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom break my covenant with you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fail to do what I said I would do for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
95 2:2 syq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you have not listened to my voice 0 Here “voice” represents what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
96 2:2 w8ys rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is this that you have done? 0 This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
97 2:3 kdq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes So now I say, ‘I will not & trap for you.’ 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “So now I tell you that I will not … trap for you.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
98 2:3 plg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor become thorns in your sides 0 The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “cause you trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
99 2:3 y4wm thorns 0 sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants
100 2:3 b6w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their gods will become a trap for you 0 The Israelites worshiping the Canaanite gods is spoken of as if the false gods were a hunter’s trap that catches an animal and causes it harm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101 2:4 f5v2 shouted and wept 0 Alternate translation: “cried many tears”
102 2:6 p53v Now when Joshua 0 Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator begins a summary that explains how the generations of Israelites after Joshua sinned and worshiped false gods so that Yahweh punished them, but then he would send judges to rescue them. This summary ends in 2:23.
103 2:6 u1xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background when Joshua & of their land 0 The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. This is recounting events that happened at the end of the book of Joshua. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
104 2:6 i12e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to the place assigned 0 You may want to help your readers by stating who assigned this place to them. Alternate translation: “to the place Yahweh gave them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
105 2:7 kcc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
106 2:7 ydz9 during the lifetime 0 This means the time that someone lived. Alternate translation: “during the life”
107 2:7 g5ah the elders 0 Here this means the men who helped lead Israel, participating in matters of social justice and in religious matters such as maintaining the law of Moses.
108 2:7 qml9 outlived him 0 This means to live longer than someone else. Alternate translation: “lived longer than he did”
109 2:8 ii19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
110 2:8 m4jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Joshua son of Nun & died at the age of 110 years old 0 The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 ends. The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
111 2:8 k12w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nun 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
112 2:8 xfn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 110 years old 0 “one hundred and ten years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
113 2:9 ne2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he was assigned 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God gave him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
114 2:9 yk2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Timnath Heres 0 This is the name of an area of land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
115 2:9 f8u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Gaash 0 This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
116 2:10 umh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism All that generation was also gathered to their fathers 0 The phrase “was also gathered to their fathers” means that as the people of that generation died, their souls went to the same place as their ancestors who died before them. It is a polite way of saying they died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
117 2:10 r6cs fathers 0 Here this means the ancestors of a certain person or people group.
118 2:10 flq1 grew up 0 Alternate translation: “grew older” or “became older”
119 2:10 qd7f who did not know Yahweh 0 Here “did not know” means they had not experienced Yahweh or his power the way the previous generation had.
120 2:11 yhh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121 2:11 gx61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baals 0 This is the plural of Baal. While “Baal” was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods that were often worshiped along with Baal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
122 2:12 tp3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They broke away from Yahweh 0 The Israelites no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically broke away from him and left him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123 2:12 re2c their fathers 0 Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
124 2:12 n4xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They went after other gods 0 The Israelites starting to worship false gods is spoken of as if the Israelites walked and went after the false gods. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
125 2:12 w9r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction bowed down to them 0 This is an act of worship and giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
126 2:12 j3xw They provoked Yahweh to anger 0 Alternate translation: “They caused Yahweh to become angry”
127 2:13 ddu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ashtoreths 0 This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
128 2:14 r6xm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel 0 The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
129 2:14 bjf9 he gave them to the raiders who stole their possessions from them 0 Alternate translation: “he let raiders steal their possessions”
130 2:14 v1ki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He sold them as slaves who were held by the strength of their enemies around them, so they could no longer defend themselves against their enemies 0 Yahweh allowing the enemies to take the Israelites as slaves is spoken of as if he sold them into slavery. The phrase “who were held by” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He allowed their enemies to conquer them and take them as slaves, and they could no longer resist their powerful enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
131 2:15 b13p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh’s hand was against them to defeat them 0 Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped their enemies defeat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
132 2:15 n59g they were in terrible distress 0 Alternate translation: “they were suffering terribly”
133 2:16 t2b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Then Yahweh raised up judges 0 Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he were raising or lifting the persons up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134 2:16 myh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of those 0 Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
135 2:17 p49i they would not listen to their judges 0 Alternate translation: “they would not obey their judges”
136 2:17 dv8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them 0 The people betraying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the people were prostitutes. Alternate translation: “betrayed him by worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
137 2:17 wwn4 their fathers 0 Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
138 2:18 eau5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor When Yahweh raised up judges 0 Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the persons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139 2:18 hz8j judges for them & rescued them 0 The word “them” refers to the Israelites.
140 2:18 ql9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of their enemies 0 Here “hand” refers to power of the enemies to hurt Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
141 2:18 j2rk all the days the judge lived 0 Alternate translation: “as long as the judge lived”
142 2:18 n8w4 pity 0 to have compassion for someone or something
143 2:18 g95t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy as they groaned 0 The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. Alternate translation: “as they suffered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144 2:19 q63w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they would turn away 0 The people no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they would physically turn away from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
145 2:19 fnt4 their fathers 0 Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
146 2:19 kid3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They would go after other gods to serve them and worship them 0 The Israelites worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were walking and going after other gods. Alternate translation: “They would serve and worship other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
147 2:19 lq1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes They refused to give up any of their evil practices or their stubborn ways 0 “They refused to stop doing evil things and being stubborn.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “They continued doing evil things and being stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
148 2:20 b7rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel 0 The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149 2:20 clk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this nation has broken 0 Here “nation” represents the people. Alternate translation: “these people have broken” or “the Israelites have broken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
150 2:21 ry6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy any of the nations 0 Here “nations” represents the people groups that lived in Canaan before the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
151 2:22 n194 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it 0 How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
152 2:23 tn49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet did not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “he did not let Joshua quickly conquer them and drive them out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
153 2:23 b618 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of Joshua 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for power, and “Joshua” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “into the power of Joshua and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
154 3:intro k35h 0 # Judges 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The people worship false gods\n\nIsrael worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Blew a trumpet”\n\nWhen Ehud “blew a trumpet,” he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
155 3:1 w2is Now Yahweh 0 Here “Now” begins a new section of the story.
156 3:1 hp8z these nations 0 This refers to the people groups that the narrator will list in 3:3.
157 3:1 xj63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who had not fought in any of the wars in Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
158 3:2 l4u8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background He did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before 0 This breaks from the main story line. The narrator gives background information about why Yahweh left some of the people groups in Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle before how to fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
159 3:3 mgb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the five kings 0 These five kings represent themselves and their people. Alternate translation: “the five kings and their people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
160 3:3 upq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Baal Hermon 0 This is the highest mountain in Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
161 3:3 z6zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hamath Pass 0 This is the name of an area at the northern boundary of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
162 3:4 vqn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive These nations were left 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left these nations in Canaan” or “Yahweh allowed these nations to continue to live in Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
163 3:4 dzs7 as a means 0 Alternate translation: “as a way”
164 3:4 f89f whether they would & gave their ancestors 0 The words “they” and “their” refer to the people of Israel.
165 3:4 wbc7 the commands he gave 0 Alternate translation: “the commands Yahweh gave”
166 3:7 p6m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
167 3:7 e1t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom forgot Yahweh their God 0 Here “forgot” is an idiom that means “they stopped obeying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
168 3:8 yg7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the anger of Yahweh was set on fire 0 Yahweh becoming very angry is spoken of as if his anger were something that could be set on fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
169 3:8 gwp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim 0 Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is spoken of as if Yahweh sold them to Cushan-Rishathaim. Alternate translation: “allowed Cushan-Rishathaim and his army to defeat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
170 3:8 zj78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim 0 Here “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control. Also, “Cushan-Rishathaim” is a synechdoche that represents himself and his army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
171 3:8 b1vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Cushan-Rishathaim 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
172 3:8 a27l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aram Naharaim 0 This is the name of a country. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
173 3:9 vg5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh raised up someone 0 Yahweh appointing someone to do a special work for him is spoken of as if Yahweh raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174 3:9 k6r6 Othniel & Kenaz 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Judges 1:13](../01/13.md).
175 3:10 y845 empowered him 0 This phrase means that Yahweh helped Othniel to have and develop the qualities he needed to be a great leader.
176 3:10 rq2z he judged Israel 0 Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
177 3:10 k8cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he went out to war 0 Here “he” refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
178 3:10 l4lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram 0 Here “Cushan-Rishathaim” represents his army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
179 3:10 f953 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The hand of Othniel 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for army. Alternate translation: “The army of Othniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
180 3:11 svg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The land had peace 0 “The land” is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. Alternate translation: “The people lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
181 3:11 i8ks rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 “40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
182 3:12 l914 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
183 3:12 nj1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
184 3:12 s1wn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites 0 Here “Eglon king of Moab” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
185 3:12 z23q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eglon 0 This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
186 3:13 rp3h the City of Palms 0 This is another name for the city of Jericho. See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
187 3:14 h6y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighteen years 0 “18 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
188 3:15 mpv5 called out to Yahweh 0 Here this means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
189 3:15 zn6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor raised up someone 0 Yahweh appointing someone to do a special service for him is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
190 3:15 jja5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ehud & Gera 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
191 3:15 w4sk left-handed 0 Ehud was better able to hold a sword with his left hand.
192 3:16 fm5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance one cubit 0 If it is necessary to use a modern measurement of length, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “46 centimeters” or “about one half meter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
193 3:16 i3y7 he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh 0 Alternate translation: “he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing”
194 3:16 s4wh thigh 0 the part of the leg between the knee and the hip
195 3:17 k42d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now Eglon was a very fat man 0 Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Eglon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
196 3:19 q56y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when he reached the place where the carved images were made near Gilgal 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when he arrived at the place near Gilgal where people made carved images” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
197 3:20 f67g in the coolness of the upper room 0 This is a room above the lower level that was used for rest and to remain cool during the hot part of the day.
198 3:20 p7ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction The king got up out of his seat 0 Standing up was a sign of honoring God will listening to his message. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
199 3:22 k49p The tip of the sword came out of his back 0 Alternate translation: “The sharp end of the sword came out of his back”
200 3:23 djg4 porch 0 an outside room with low walls and a roof covering
201 3:24 z2qt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Surely he is relieving himself 0 This is a polite way to speak about a person having a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
202 3:25 d7zv until they felt they were neglecting their duty 0 They waited until they became worried that something was wrong and it was their duty to open the doors to their king’s private room.
203 3:25 e1jf took the key and opened them 0 Alternate translation: “took the key and opened the doors”
204 3:26 r2ig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events While the servants were waiting & Ehud escaped 0 This tells what happened before the servants opened the doors to the upper room and found the king dead. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile, as the servants were still waiting outside of the upper room … Ehud escaped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
205 3:26 x36q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Seirah 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
206 3:27 zet1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis When he arrived 0 You may want to help your readers by stating where he arrived. Alternate translation: “When he arrived in Seirah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
207 3:28 s9y4 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nEhud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim.
208 3:28 ax6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for Yahweh is about to defeat your enemies 0 Yahweh helping the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight and defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
209 3:28 i3vy captured the fords 0 Alternate translation: “gained control of the fords”
210 3:28 k9q1 fords 0 the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side
211 3:28 uf81 did not allow anyone to cross 0 Alternate translation: “did not let anyone cross”
212 3:29 jjy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousand men 0 “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
213 3:29 e6ge capable men 0 Alternate translation: “able men” or “men able to fight well”
214 3:30 ch1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Moab was subdued by the strength of Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Israelite army defeated the Moabites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
215 3:30 par9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the strength of Israel 0 Here “strength” represents the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
216 3:30 w1xr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land had rest 0 Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
217 3:30 dln1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighty years 0 “80 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
218 3:31 psq1 judge 0 God appointed judges to lead the people of Israel in times of trouble after they entered the Promised Land and before they had kings. Often judges rescued the Israelites from their enemies.
219 3:31 xdh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shamgar 0 The name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
220 3:31 uz68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Anath 0 The name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
221 3:31 f6s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 600 men 0 “six hundred men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
222 3:31 z3lr a stick used to goad cattle 0 Cattle farmers would poke their cattle with a sharp stick to make them move. AT “a stick used to urge cattle to move” or “a stick used to direct cattle”
223 3:31 n8z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He also delivered Israel from danger 0 The word “danger” refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “He also delivered the people of Israel from their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
224 4:intro pjw5 0 # Judges 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Barak’s leadership\n\nAt this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
225 4:1 h4q7 Ehud 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
226 4:1 aq65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
227 4:2 yj14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan 0 Here “hand” refers to Jabin’s power over Israel. Yahweh’s decision to give Jabin power over them is spoken of as if Yahweh had sold them to Jabin. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allowed them to be defeated by the power of Jabin king of Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
228 4:2 i943 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jabin & Sisera 0 These are the names of men (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
229 4:2 fk1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hazor & Harosheth Haggoyim 0 These are the names of cities or places (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
230 4:3 ftq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers nine hundred iron chariots 0 “900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
231 4:3 k27q twenty years 0 Alternate translation: “20 years”
232 4:4 e7xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Deborah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
233 4:4 nnu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Deborah 0 This is the name of a woman (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
234 4:4 gru6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lappidoth 0 This is the name of a man (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
235 4:4 lj93 judge 0 God appointed judges to lead the Israelites in times of trouble. Often the judges rescued them from their enemies.
236 4:5 uy3x palm of Deborah 0 This tree was named after Deborah.
237 4:6 b5l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain, and a river by their names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
238 4:6 ehp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Barak & Abinoam 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
239 4:6 yn83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Tabor 0 This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
240 4:6 vi2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousand men 0 “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
241 4:7 rm5r I will draw out 0 Here “I” refers to God.
242 4:7 mmc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche draw out Sisera 0 Here “Sisera” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “draw out Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
243 4:7 hl3v draw out 0 to cause people to come away from a safe location
244 4:7 k3na Sisera & Jabin 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
245 4:7 sue6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kishon 0 This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
246 4:8 qr6v General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nBarak has a discussion with Deborah.
247 4:8 b27v Barak 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
248 4:9 y6ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the road on which you are going will not lead to your honor 0 The choice Barak makes is spoken of as if Barak were choosing a road on which to travel. And, “honor” is spoken of as if it were a destination to which one travels. Alternate translation: “no one will honor you for what you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249 4:9 v8ri rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman 0 Here “hand” refers to her power to kill him. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will cause a woman to defeat Sisera” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
250 4:9 msw7 Sisera 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
251 4:9 bi9q Deborah 0 See how you translated this woman’s name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
252 4:10 g69f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Ten thousand men 0 “10,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
253 4:11 wq16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Heber the Kenite. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
254 4:11 fty7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heber & Hobab 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
255 4:11 aup8 Kenite 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md)
256 4:11 jez1 Moses’ father-in-law 0 Alternate translation: “the father of Moses’ wife”
257 4:11 y5mf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zaanannim 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
258 4:12 rkt1 When they told Sisera 0 Here “they” does not identify anyone specifically. Alternate translation: “When someone told Sisera”
259 4:12 dcw1 Sisera 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
260 4:12 i2cf Barak & Abinoam & Mount Tabor 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
261 4:13 r3xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Sisera called out all his chariots 0 Here “chariots” represents the soldiers who drove the chariots. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
262 4:13 avt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers nine hundred iron chariots 0 “900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
263 4:13 x4xy Harosheth Haggoyim 0 See how you translated the name of this city in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
264 4:13 a7q6 Kishon River 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 4:7](../04/07.md).
265 4:14 pb3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture Yahweh has given you victory 0 Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give you victory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
266 4:14 r1ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not Yahweh leading you? 0 Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Remember, Yahweh is leading you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
267 4:14 fv1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers with ten thousand 0 “with 10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
268 4:15 t5qj Yahweh confused Sisera and all his chariots and all his army 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army unable to think clearly” or “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army panic”
269 4:15 u8qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all his chariots 0 Here the word “chariots” is a metonym for the soldiers driving the chariots. Alternate translation: “all the men driving chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
270 4:16 qj43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Barak pursued 0 Here “Barak” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers chased” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
271 4:16 ce5l Harosheth 0 Translate this the same way you did in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
272 4:16 x3gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword 0 Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera’s whole army with their swords” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
273 4:17 ayi3 Sisera & Jabin & Hazor 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
274 4:17 h17w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ran away on foot 0 This is an idiom that means he was walking rather than riding a horse or in a chariot. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
275 4:17 mp3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jael 0 This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
276 4:17 s2ne Heber 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
277 4:17 kwu8 Kenite 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
278 4:18 k8b1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Turn aside 0 This means to change course during a journey in order to rest. Alternate translation: “Come here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
279 4:18 u5k9 blanket 0 a large covering for the body to sleep under for warmth, made of wool or animal skins
280 4:19 cn6j He said to her 0 Alternate translation: “Sisera said to Jael”
281 4:21 ctd6 tent peg 0 a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent
282 4:21 i8q2 hammer 0 a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground
283 4:21 lvc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a deep sleep 0 Like a person in a deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
284 4:22 n7wq Barak was pursuing 0 Alternate translation: “Barak was chasing” or “Barak was following after”
285 4:23 xzh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel 0 God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
286 4:24 y25t The might 0 Alternate translation: “The military power”
287 4:24 zcb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche they destroyed him 0 Here “him” refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “they destroyed Jabin and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
288 5:intro jgd9 0 # Judges 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### The flood\n\nGod caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban’s chariots making\nthem vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
289 5:1 w7ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit On that day 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
290 5:1 pfq9 Deborah 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
291 5:1 l3sj Barak & Abinoam 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
292 5:2 s181 when the people gladly volunteer for war 0 Alternate translation: “when the men agree to fight in battle”
293 5:3 hs8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders 0 Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
294 5:3 cbt1 you kings & you leaders 0 This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.
295 5:4 f5pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom 0 This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296 5:4 vj7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Seir 0 Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
297 5:4 hw54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water 0 This could mean: (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
298 5:5 p4qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The mountains quaked 0 This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
299 5:5 d62l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy before the face of Yahweh 0 Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
300 5:5 wuf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit even Mount Sinai quaked 0 When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. Alternate translation: “long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
301 5:6 he9e In the days of 0 Alternate translation: “During the lifetime of”
302 5:6 asi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shamgar & Anath & Jael 0 These are the names of people. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in [Judges 3:31](../03/31.md) and Jael in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
303 5:6 rw34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background son of Anath 0 Shamgar’s father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
304 5:6 ki5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the main roads were abandoned 0 This can be stated in active form and you can make explicit why the roads were abandoned Alternate translation: “people stopped using the main roads; because they were afraid of Israel’s enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
305 5:6 i6j5 the winding paths 0 This refers to smaller roads that fewer people traveled on.
306 5:7 n27x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I, Deborah, arose—arose as a mother in Israel 0 Deborah speaks of becoming a leader in Israel as if she were a mother taking care of young children. Alternate translation: “I, Deborah, began to lead—I took care of the Israelites as a mother takes care of her children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
307 5:8 mxk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they chose new gods 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel worshiped new gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
308 5:8 duj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche there was fighting at the city gates 0 Here “gates” represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
309 5:8 v83h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole there were no shields or spears seen among forty thousand in Israel 0 This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. Alternate translation: “few weapons for battle remained in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
310 5:8 dl2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty thousand in Israel 0 “40,000 in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
311 5:9 u5zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel 0 The word “heart” represents a person’s emotions. The phrase “My heart goes out to” is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. Alternate translation: “I appreciate the commanders of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
312 5:10 dt2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism you who ride on white donkeys & you who walk along the road 0 This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. Alternate translation: “you rich people who ride on white donkeys … you poor people who walk along the road” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
313 5:10 vf24 sitting on rugs for saddles 0 These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey’s back to make the rider more comfortable.
314 5:11 v4bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Hear the voices of those 0 Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
315 5:11 f6il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche went down to the city gates 0 Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
316 5:12 de7e Awake, awake 0 Possible speakers are: (1) the people of Israel or (2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or (3) the poet who wrote the song.
317 5:12 jc43 Deborah 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
318 5:12 qc51 Barak & Abinoam 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
319 5:13 tl3e to me with the warriors 0 The word “me” refers to Deborah.
320 5:14 e478 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek 0 The people of Ephraim living in the land where the descendants of Amalek originally lived is spoken of as if the people of Ephraim were planted and their roots grew into the land. Alternate translation: “from Ephraim, that land where the descendants of Amalek once lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
321 5:14 k3ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you followed you 0 Here “you” refers to the people of Ephraim. It can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “followed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
322 5:14 yna1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Machir 0 This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
323 5:14 rl91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from Zebulun those who carry an officer’s staff 0 Military leaders are described by the staff, a symbol of their authority. Alternate translation: “military leaders from Zebulun” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
324 5:15 ruv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person My princes in Issachar were with Deborah 0 Here “My” refers to Deborah. This whole statement can be translated in first person. Alternate translation: “My princes in Issachar were with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
325 5:15 w1en Deborah 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
326 5:15 sn4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Issachar was with Barak 0 Here “Issachar” refers to the tribe of Issachar. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Issachar was with Barak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
327 5:15 yt1t Barak 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
328 5:15 z2wa rushing after him into the valley under his command 0 Alternate translation: “obeying his command and rushing after him into the valley”
329 5:15 u31z rushing after 0 Alternate translation: “following after” or “hurrying after”
330 5:15 sdi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy there were great searchings of heart 0 Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. Alternate translation: “there was a lot of discussing about what they should do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331 5:16 wc6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks? 0 This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in the battle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have helped us fight, instead of staying at home and listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
332 5:16 xdd2 the fireplaces 0 Some versions of the Bible have the translation “the sheepfolds” or “the sheep pens.”
333 5:16 jg14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy there were great searchings of heart 0 Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. See how you translated this in [Judges 5:15](../05/15.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
334 5:17 pg1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Gilead stayed 0 Here “Gilead” the men from Gilead who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Gilead stayed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
335 5:17 zwj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the other side of the Jordan 0 This refers to the east side of the Jordan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
336 5:17 l6vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Dan, why did he wander about on ships? 0 This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan should not have remained on their ships!” or “the people of the tribe of Dan did not help us in the battle. Instead they were wandering around on the sea in ships!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
337 5:17 wn8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Dan, why did he 0 Here “Dan” represents the men from Dan who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan, why did they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
338 5:17 wy1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit wander about on ships 0 The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
339 5:17 q466 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Asher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of the tribe of Asher also failed to help us, they just remained on the coast near their harbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
340 5:17 hk9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Asher remained 0 Here “Asher” represents the men who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Asher remained” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
341 5:17 s37f harbors 0 places at the seacoast with deeper water where ships were kept
342 5:18 iq38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Naphtali, also 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “Naphtali was a tribe who would also risk their lives to the point of death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
343 5:19 klr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The kings came, they fought & the kings of Canaan fought 0 The king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. Alternate translation: “The kings and their armies came and fought … the kings of Canaan and their armies fought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
344 5:19 qh9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis they fought & fought 0 The word “us” is understood. Alternate translation: “they fought us … fought us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
345 5:19 bwx4 Taanach & Megiddo 0 Translate the names of these places as you did in [Judges 1:27](../01/27.md).
346 5:19 jn5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche no silver as plunder 0 Here “silver” represents any treasure in general. Alternate translation: “no silver or other treasures as plunder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
347 5:19 lin6 plunder 0 things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves
348 5:20 uwf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification From heaven the stars fought, from their paths across the heavens they fought against Sisera 0 Yahweh helping the Israelite to defeat Sisera and his army is spoken of as if the stars themselves fought against Sisera and his army. This may refer to Yahweh using natural elements, specifically rain storms, to defeat Sisera. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
349 5:20 r9rm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche against Sisera 0 Here “Sisera” represents himself and his whole army. Alternate translation: “Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
350 5:20 ac6p Sisera 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
351 5:21 yn1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The Kishon River swept them away 0 Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly causing the chariots to be stuck in the mud and drowning many soldiers. Alternate translation: “The Kishon River flooded and swept away Sisera’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
352 5:21 h8ac Kishon 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
353 5:21 je12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche March on my soul, be strong 0 Here “soul” refers to the whole person. The word “my” refers to Deborah. Alternate translation: “I tell myself to march on and to be strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
354 5:22 wx9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then came the sound of horses’ hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones 0 This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. Alternate translation: “Then I heard the sound of horses running away. Sisera’s mighty horses were running away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
355 5:22 n754 galloping 0 runninb quickly
356 5:23 gg5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Curse Meroz 0 Here “Meroz” represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “Curse the people of Meroz” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
357 5:23 cdl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Meroz 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
358 5:24 n5q6 Jael 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md).
359 5:24 r37w Heber 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
360 5:24 jve5 Kenite 0 Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
361 5:25 a4wl brought him butter 0 Here “butter” refers to curdled milk. This was the best milk and a favorite drink among Jael’s people. Alternate translation: “brought him yogurt” or “brought him curds”
362 5:25 viu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a dish fit for princes 0 This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
363 5:26 k8d2 She put her hand to the tent peg 0 Alternate translation: “Jael grabbed the tent peg with her left hand”
364 5:26 iyf8 tent peg 0 This is a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
365 5:26 c1yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis her right hand to the workman’s hammer 0 This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “she grabbed a hammer with her right hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
366 5:26 va7c hammer 0 This is a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
367 5:26 hkm3 Sisera 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
368 5:27 e9gf limp 0 without strength or movement
369 5:27 ezv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he was violently killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she killed him” or “he died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
370 5:28 duq1 the lattice 0 This is a frame in the window made of crossed wood.
371 5:28 mw4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed? 0 Both of these questions mean the same thing. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “Why is it taking Sisera so long to arrive home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
372 5:28 k2dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy taken his chariot & Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots 0 Both of these represent Sisera. Alternate translation: “taken Sisera … Why has he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
373 5:29 xa2n wisest princesses 0 A “princess” is the daughter of a king, but a “princess” can also mean female advisers to the king’s family. Alternate translation: “wisest ladies”
374 5:29 mw32 she gave herself the same answer 0 Alternate translation: “she said to herself the same thing”
375 5:30 l98i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have they not found and divided up the plunder—a womb & plunder? 0 The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “They must have so much plunder that it is taking a long time to divide it. They have … plunder.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
376 5:30 cw6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion a womb, two wombs for every man & of those who plunder? 0 The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “There must be a womb, two wombs for every man … of those who plunder.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
377 5:30 xgr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a womb, two wombs for every man 0 Here “womb” represents a woman. Sisera’s mother believes Sisera’s men have captured many women. Alternate translation: “Each soldier will receive a woman or two” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
378 5:30 p9nz dyed fabric 0 Alternate translation: “colored cloth” or “colored clothes”
379 5:30 zp9h embroidered 0 having designs made of colored threads
380 5:30 yg2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche for the necks of those who plunder 0 Here “necks” represents Sisera’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “for the soldiers who plunder to wear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
381 5:31 bi4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like the sun when it rises in its might 0 The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation’s army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
382 5:31 q1yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land had peace 0 Here “the land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and the people of Israel lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
383 5:31 mw3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers for forty years 0 “for 40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
384 6:intro p5sj 0 # Judges 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8)\n\n### Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel’s punishment\nIn Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
385 6:1 ht3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
386 6:1 l9nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Also, “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the people of Midian” or “the control of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
387 6:2 bs4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The power of Midian oppressed Israel 0 Here “the power of Midian” refers to the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
388 6:2 pl5z dens 0 places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter
389 6:4 zcp1 They would set up their army 0 Alternate translation: “The army would encamp” or “The army would set up their tents”
390 6:5 i2ld Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up 0 The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase “came up” when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. Alternate translation: “Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel”
391 6:5 e5sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they would come as a swarm of locusts 0 The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
392 6:5 ra2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole it was impossible to count 0 This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
393 6:6 eg3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Midian weakened 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
394 6:6 lcc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom called out to Yahweh 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
395 6:7 z7sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom called out to Yahweh 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
396 6:7 r2ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “because of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
397 6:8 q22q I brought you up from Egypt 0 Alternate translation: “I led you out of Egypt”
398 6:8 h336 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of slavery 0 Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
399 6:9 ue1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand 0 In this phrase “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
400 6:10 ne4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy obeyed my voice 0 - Here “my voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “obeyed my command” or “obeyed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
401 6:11 sex8 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
402 6:11 r6sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ophrah 0 This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
403 6:11 iz4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abiezrite 0 This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
404 6:11 y3ww was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor 0 This is a process called “threshing.” Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant.
405 6:12 fe5w appeared to him 0 Alternate translation: “went to him”
406 6:13 as35 my master 0 Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man.
407 6:13 in9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, ‘Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’ 0 Gideon uses a question to challenge the stranger’s statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
408 6:13 e2k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom gave us into the hand of Midian 0 The phrase “gave us into” means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. Alternate translation: “allowed the Midianites to defeat us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
409 6:13 vi7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gave us into the hand 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
410 6:13 buc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
411 6:14 n2w1 Yahweh looked at him 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked at Gideon”
412 6:14 kx2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
413 6:14 wuu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
414 6:14 zs9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have I not sent you? 0 Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here “sent” means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am sending you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
415 6:15 w5e8 Please, Lord 0 Gideon now calls the person “Lord” instead of “my master” as in [Judges 6:13](../06/13.md). Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh.
416 6:15 wn75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how can I deliver Israel? 0 Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
417 6:15 gpv8 See, my family 0 Alternate translation: “Look at my family and me and you will see that it”
418 6:15 gp6c in Manasseh 0 Alternate translation: “in the tribe of Manasseh”
419 6:15 tw55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in my father’s house 0 Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “in my father’s family” or “in my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
420 6:16 p1xa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will be with you 0 Here “be with you” is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
421 6:16 fhe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit as one man 0 You can state the full meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “as easily as if you were fighting only one man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
422 6:18 ngy5 set it before you 0 Alternate translation: “place it in front of you”
423 6:19 kmz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume from an ephah of flour 0 If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. Alternate translation: “with 22 liters of flour” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
424 6:19 c4pf broth 0 water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it
425 6:19 r55k them to him 0 Alternate translation: “them to the angel of God”
426 6:20 u9cs angel of God 0 This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “God, who was in the form of an angel” or “God”
427 6:21 ggc2 angel of Yahweh 0 In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
428 6:21 x8t9 went away 0 Alternate translation: “disappeared”
429 6:22 x6iw angel of Yahweh 0 In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
430 6:22 l2pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Ah, Lord Yahweh! 0 The word “Ah” here shows that Gideon was very frightened. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
431 6:22 c1kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom seen the angel of Yahweh face to face 0 This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. Alternate translation: “really seen the angel of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
432 6:23 b3ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh said to him 0 Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
433 6:24 s81y To this day 0 This means to the time when the book of Judges was written.
434 6:24 y4ya Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this town as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
435 6:24 w4kn the clan of Abiezer 0 Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
436 6:25 h71y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal a second bull 0 The word “second” is the ordinal number for “two.” Alternate translation: “another bull” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
437 6:25 n1rh that is beside it 0 Alternate translation: “that is beside the altar of Baal”
438 6:26 tj4p on the top of this place of refuge 0 The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites.
439 6:26 gvr9 construct it the correct way 0 Alternate translation: “place the stones in an orderly manner” or “and build it properly”
440 6:27 xp8k did as Yahweh had told him 0 This refers to Yahweh’s command in [Judges 6:25-26](./25.md).
441 6:28 mii1 got up 0 Alternate translation: “got up out of bed” or “woke up”
442 6:28 i5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
443 6:30 r7h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he may be put to death 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we may kill him as punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
444 6:31 jw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you plead the case for Baal? 0 Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to defend Baal.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
445 6:31 xk3a plead the case 0 Alternate translation: “make a defense” or “give an excuse”
446 6:31 n471 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you save him? 0 Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to save Baal.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
447 6:32 j4wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
448 6:32 q44c because he said 0 Alternate translation: “because Joash said”
449 6:33 ual5 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
450 6:33 eu5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit gathered together 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gathered together as an army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
451 6:34 d9eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom came over Gideon 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “took control of Gideon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
452 6:34 sz1y clan of Abiezer 0 Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
453 6:34 zxl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis so they might follow him 0 The words “to battle” are understood. Alternate translation: “so they might follow him to battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
454 6:35 sy9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive and they too, were called out to follow him 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “calling them out to follow him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
455 6:35 qb25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali 0 These all represent the people of each tribe. Alternate translation: “to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
456 6:37 uf1b woolen fleece 0 the woolly coat of a sheep
457 6:37 qz5z dew 0 water that forms on plants during the night
458 6:37 s8ri rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit then I will know that you will 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
459 6:38 cs87 Gideon rose 0 Alternate translation: “Gideon got out of bed”
460 6:38 ub6l wrung 0 twist and squeeze something to remove water
461 7:intro q545 0 # Judges 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Gideon continues in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God gets all of the credit\n\nGod said, “There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, ‘Our own power has saved us.’” By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God’s power. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
462 7:1 u963 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
463 7:1 se4n they encamped 0 Alternate translation: “they set up their camp”
464 7:1 q9lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names spring of Harod & hill of Moreh 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
465 7:1 w8xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The camp of Midian was to their north 0 Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. Alternate translation: “The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
466 7:2 ja78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns for me to give you victory over the Midianites 0 The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites” or “for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
467 7:2 ww36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Our own power has saved us 0 Here “power” represents the people themselves. Alternate translation: “We have saved ourselves without God’s help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
468 7:3 i31q Now 0 This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
469 7:3 ahw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche proclaim in the ears of the people 0 Here “the ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “proclaim to the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
470 7:3 gt6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles 0 Both of these phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
471 7:3 h7mv trembles 0 This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. Alternate translation: “shakes with fear”
472 7:3 m53a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit let him return 0 You can make explicit where he will go. Alternate translation: “let him return to his home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
473 7:3 iup9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Gilead 0 This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
474 7:3 s1sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-two thousand 0 “22,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
475 7:3 wn6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ten thousand remained 0 The word “people” or “men” is understood. Alternate translation: “10,000 people remained” or “10,000 men remained” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
476 7:3 z1zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousand 0 “10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
477 7:4 t9yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will make their number smaller for you there 0 Here “number” represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
478 7:5 iem1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go Gideon brought 0 The word “brought” can be translated as “took” or “led.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
479 7:5 w69s laps 0 to drink by licking with the tongue
480 7:6 ae7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Three hundred men 0 “300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
481 7:7 e8uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred men 0 “300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
482 7:7 gk97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you I will rescue you and give you victory 0 Here “you” is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
483 7:8 j7gy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So those who were chosen 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those whom Yahweh chose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
484 7:8 u2nh took their supplies and their trumpets 0 Here “their” refers to the Israelite soldiers who were leaving the army.
485 7:8 cx8b Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
486 7:9 u84q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it 0 Here “camp” refers to the whole Midianite army. The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them” or “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
487 7:10 xqh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis afraid to go down 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “afraid to go down to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
488 7:10 u4w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Purah 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
489 7:11 j99j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your courage will be strengthened 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you hear will be encourage you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
490 7:11 wv5r guard posts 0 places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army
491 7:12 r5ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as thick as a cloud of locusts 0 Here “cloud” means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
492 7:12 zt6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Their camels were more & in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore 0 The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
493 7:12 d37k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Their camels were more than could be counted 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their camels were more than anyone could count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
494 7:14 yg52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon 0 Here “the sword of Gideon” refers to Gideon’s army attacking. Alternate translation: “The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
495 7:14 v4e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture God has given him victory over Midian 0 This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
496 7:16 xjf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred men 0 “300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
497 7:18 rj9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit For Yahweh and for Gideon! 0 The words “we fight” are implied. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
498 7:19 cxa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers hundred men 0 “100 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
499 7:19 wba7 right at the beginning of the middle watch 0 The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o’clock at night.
500 7:20 zfw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon 0 Here “sword” refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
501 7:22 nw1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred trumpets 0 “300 trumpets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
502 7:22 nk36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh set every Midianite man’s sword against his comrades 0 Here “sword” refers to their attack with the use of the sword. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
503 7:22 rv5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Shittah & Zererah & Abel Meholah & Tabbath 0 These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
504 7:23 u5e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
505 7:24 js9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Barah 0 This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
506 7:24 u7ze took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River 0 Alternate translation: “took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah”
507 7:25 hn84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the rock of Oreb & at the winepress of Zeeb 0 The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
508 7:25 rvj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Oreb & Zeeb 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
509 8:intro zh95 0 # Judges 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Gideon concludes in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Succoth’s refusal to help Gideon\nThe men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Gideon refuses to be king\n\nGideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you.” Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone’s plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
510 8:1 sea3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is this you have done to us? 0 The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not treated us fairly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
511 8:1 f8fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
512 8:1 whc1 they had a violent argument with him 0 they argued angrily with him” or “they rebuked him severely”
513 8:2 xg1a General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nGideon replies to the men from Ephraim.
514 8:2 wpi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have I done now compared to you? 0 Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “I have done very little compared with what you have done!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
515 8:2 xg8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? 0 Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
516 8:2 i6yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? 0 Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. Alternate translation: “What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
517 8:2 rr59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Abiezer 0 This is the name of one of Gideon’s ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer’s descendants and their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
518 8:3 x1xa Oreb and Zeeb 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 7:25](../07/25.md).
519 8:3 bi55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have I accomplished compared to you? 0 Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is more important than what I have done.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
520 8:3 riv2 died down 0 Alternate translation: “became less”
521 8:4 f6yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers the three hundred men 0 “the 300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
522 8:4 s9yv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns kept up the pursuit 0 The word “pursuit,” an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “continued to chase their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
523 8:5 zt2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zebah and Zalmunna 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
524 8:6 l71p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand? 0 The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. Alternate translation: “You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
525 8:6 aw3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna 0 Here “hands” refer to the whole body. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
526 8:6 bn4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy now in your hand 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
527 8:6 k3em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should we give bread to your army? 0 The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “We see no reason to give bread to your army.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
528 8:7 gwp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
529 8:7 j77m thorns and briers 0 sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals
530 8:8 bi3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He went up from there 0 Here “He” refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate translation: “They left there” or “Gideon and his 300 men left there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
531 8:8 ikw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Peniel 0 The name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
532 8:8 ak91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis spoke to the people there in the same way 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “asked for food there in the same way” or “he also asked them for food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
533 8:9 y4qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism When I come again in peace 0 This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. Alternate translation: “After I have completely defeated the Midian army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
534 8:9 nth4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I will pull down this tower 0 Here “I” refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “My men and I will pull down this tower” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
535 8:10 nfu6 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
536 8:10 tli8 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
537 8:10 vw38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Karkor 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
538 8:10 bh2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers fifteen thousand men 0 “15,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
539 8:10 p2iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism had fallen 0 This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
540 8:10 j3dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 120,000 men 0 “one hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
541 8:10 mz6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy men who drew the sword 0 Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. This could mean: (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
542 8:11 t81p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Gideon went up 0 Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
543 8:11 y551 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He defeated 0 Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
544 8:11 jbu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nobah and Jogbehah 0 These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
545 8:12 dmu9 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
546 8:12 if5y panic 0 extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally
547 8:13 w2l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the pass of Heres 0 This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
548 8:14 a6z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit questioned him 0 It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. Alternate translation: “he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
549 8:14 l2rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy-seven officials 0 “77 officials” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
550 8:15 buj3 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
551 8:15 bnf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna? 0 Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. Alternate translation: “You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
552 8:16 ct8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Gideon took & he punished 0 Here “Gideon” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers took … they punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
553 8:16 vr3e thorns and briers 0 These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in [Judges 8:7](../08/07.md).
554 8:17 dbh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he pulled 0 Gideon and his soldiers pulled. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers pulled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
555 8:17 jg81 Peniel 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 8:8](../08/08.md).
556 8:18 lav2 Zebah and Zalmunna 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
557 8:18 gw8k Tabor 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
558 8:18 q1pd As you are, so were they 0 Alternate translation: “They were just like you”
559 8:19 jb1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As Yahweh lives 0 This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. Alternate translation: “I promise you that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
560 8:20 xg9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jether 0 This is the name of Gideon’s son. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
561 8:21 p21p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom For as the man is, so is his strength 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is a job for a man to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
562 8:21 lzn1 crescent 0 This is a curved shape with two points. This shape occurs when the moon is mostly covered in shadow.
563 8:21 eu98 ornaments 0 decorations
564 8:22 n3hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of Midian 0 Here “hand” represents the power of Midian over Israel. Alternate translation: “from the power of Midian” or “from Midian” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
565 8:22 zz2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of Midian 0 Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
566 8:24 va81 Gideon said to them 0 Alternate translation: “Gideon said to the men of Israel”
567 8:24 qb9s earrings 0 jewelry worn on the ear
568 8:24 e5zj plunder 0 things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war
569 8:24 c2b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites 0 Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
570 8:25 ark2 cloak 0 clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat
571 8:26 z8qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 1,700 shekels of gold 0 “one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold.” If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “18.7 kilograms of gold” or “about 20 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
572 8:26 w5mz crescent ornaments 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 8:21](../08/21.md).
573 8:26 rc47 pendants 0 pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces
574 8:26 z7ld rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that was worn by the kings of Midian 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the kings of Midian wore” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
575 8:27 awh9 Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings 0 Alternate translation: “Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod”
576 8:27 tir6 Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
577 8:27 tyw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there 0 This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
578 8:27 j6ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all Israel 0 Here “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. Alternate translation: “very many people in Israel worshiped the garment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
579 8:27 bbx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house 0 This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunter’s snare that would trap them. Alternate translation: “It became a temptation for Gideon and his family” or “Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
580 8:27 i29y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for those in his house 0 Here “his house” represents Gideon’s family. Alternate translation: “for his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
581 8:28 wui8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel” or “So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
582 8:28 u2ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they did not raise their heads up again 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they did not attack Israel again” (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
583 8:28 un4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So the land had peace 0 Here “land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
584 8:28 mw8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 “40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
585 8:28 z3zj in the days of Gideon 0 Alternate translation: “during the life of Gideon”
586 8:29 z3sb Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
587 8:30 m14n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy sons 0 “70 sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
588 8:32 i3jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a good old age 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when he was very old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
589 8:32 w8yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590 8:32 aen4 Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
591 8:32 pc1f the clan of Abiezer 0 Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
592 8:33 be44 It came about 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
593 8:33 l1r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turned again 0 The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. Alternate translation: “they stopped worshiping Yahwheh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
594 8:33 gh13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals 0 This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
595 8:33 ce8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baal-Berith 0 This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
596 8:34 k1h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand of all their enemies 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of all their enemies” or “from all their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
597 8:34 lqk5 on every side 0 Alternate translation: “who surrounded them”
598 8:35 svf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Jerub Baal 0 Here “the house of” represents a person’s family. Alternate translation: “the family of Jerub Baal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
599 8:35 w3k3 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
600 9:intro zl19 0 # Judges 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jotham’s curse\n\nGideon’s son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon’s other sons. “Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Tree metaphor\n\nThis chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
601 9:1 cb58 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
602 9:2 gfl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, ‘Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?’ 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
603 9:2 lpf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
604 9:2 e38y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am your bone and your flesh 0 Here “your bone and your flesh” represents being someone’s relative. Alternate translation: “I am a member of your family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
605 9:3 ie29 His mother’s relatives spoke for him to the leaders 0 This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king.
606 9:3 ubh9 they agreed to follow Abimelech 0 Alternate translation: “they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader”
607 9:4 yf44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house 0 Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
608 9:4 yf3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney seventy pieces of silver 0 This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. Alternate translation: “almost one kilo of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
609 9:4 v8x5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
610 9:4 g7i4 Baal-Berith 0 This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md).
611 9:4 mi77 worthless and reckless 0 Alternate translation: “violent and foolish”
612 9:5 c56j Ophrah 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
613 9:5 jer7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one stone 0 “1 stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
614 9:5 gnp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
615 9:5 ilv2 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
616 9:6 up6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Millo 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
617 9:7 d3ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
618 9:7 ksz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive When Jotham was told about this 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
619 9:7 z9vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Gerizim 0 This is a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
620 9:8 p19p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ 0 In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
621 9:8 x1ky rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction to anoint a king over them 0 Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
622 9:8 ai6t Reign over us 0 Alternate translation: “Be our king”
623 9:9 q6h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I give up my abundance & over the other trees? 0 The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
624 9:9 v5cc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy abundance 0 This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
625 9:9 b42t by which gods and men are honored 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
626 9:9 ctc8 gods 0 It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so this could mean: (1) “gods” or (2) “God.”
627 9:9 a9cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sway over 0 To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
628 9:11 df3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables the fig tree said to them 0 Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
629 9:11 bi3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I give up my sweetness & over the other trees? 0 The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
630 9:11 jkz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns my sweetness and my good fruit 0 The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
631 9:12 m2h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables The trees said to the vine 0 In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
632 9:13 i2y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I give up my new wine & over the other trees? 0 The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
633 9:14 mp3a thornbush 0 Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.
634 9:15 g1p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables The thornbush said to the trees 0 In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
635 9:15 zea8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction to anoint me as king over you 0 To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
636 9:15 cm8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns find safety 0 The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
637 9:15 hvs5 fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon 0 This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars.
638 9:15 xn44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person then let fire come out of the thornbush 0 The thornbush refers to itself as “the thornbush.” Alternate translation: “then may fire come out from me, the thornbush” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
639 9:16 ayq2 Now 0 This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
640 9:16 y7g3 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
641 9:16 nu7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his house 0 Here “house” represents Gideon’s family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
642 9:17 x8ae General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place.
643 9:17 fpm7 to think that my father fought for you & out of the hand of Midian 0 Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem.
644 9:17 kqc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of Midian 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the Midianites” or “from the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
645 9:18 cr5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you have risen up against 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have opposed” or “you have rebelled against” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
646 9:18 i5zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my father’s house 0 Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my father’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
647 9:18 yy47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
648 9:18 ym97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one stone 0 “1 stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
649 9:18 c154 his female servant 0 Here “his” refers to Gideon.
650 9:19 cwl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house 0 Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. Alternate translation: “If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
651 9:19 re1x Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
652 9:19 r5ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his house 0 Here “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
653 9:20 rv9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo But if not 0 Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. Alternate translation: “But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
654 9:20 g8i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem 0 Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
655 9:20 ibq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech 0 Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656 9:20 iey1 Beth Millo 0 This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:6](../09/06.md).
657 9:21 pan4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beer 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
658 9:23 bv9r God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem 0 This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem.
659 9:24 xf1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive God did this so the violence done & helped him murder his brothers 0 The passive phrases can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
660 9:24 cb41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
661 9:24 b1g1 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
662 9:25 b7tx positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him 0 Alternate translation: “sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech”
663 9:25 pd3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive This was reported to Abimelech 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
664 9:26 r2ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gaal & Ebed 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
665 9:26 mv9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns had confidence in him 0 The word “confidence” is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb “trust.” Alternate translation: “trusted him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
666 9:27 i6sf They went out into the field 0 Here “They” refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem.
667 9:27 r8w9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they trampled on them 0 They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
668 9:27 c3x3 trampled 0 Alternate translation: “crushed” or “stomped”
669 9:27 d9l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the house 0 Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
670 9:28 yyy5 Gaal & Ebed 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
671 9:28 w9hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? 0 Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
672 9:28 dfp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? 0 Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as “Shechem” because Abimelech’s mother was from Shechem. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
673 9:28 a6ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer? 0 Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
674 9:28 p2s8 Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
675 9:28 b36z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zebul 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
676 9:28 rq5n Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem’s father 0 Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite.
677 9:28 ju72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should we serve Abimelech? 0 Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
678 9:29 v1e2 I wish that this people were under my command 0 Alternate translation: “I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem”
679 9:30 qj5l Zebul 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
680 9:30 a53k heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed 0 Alternate translation: “heard what Gaal son of Ebed said”
681 9:30 p2rs Gaal & Ebed 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
682 9:30 u13b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his anger was kindled 0 Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
683 9:30 lx8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city 0 Here “city” represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
684 9:31 u898 in order to deceive 0 Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. Alternate translation: “secretly”
685 9:31 gvg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they are stirring up the city against you 0 This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. Alternate translation: “they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
686 9:32 yn4z General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nZebul’s messengers continue talking to Abimelech.
687 9:32 j18v Now 0 This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
688 9:32 mrh8 an ambush 0 Alternate translation: “to hide and attack them suddenly”
689 9:33 k1f3 do whatever you can to them 0 This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal.
690 9:34 be8t all the men who were with him 0 Alternate translation: “all the men accompanying Abimelech” or “all the men fighting for Abimelech”
691 9:34 b14p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers dividing into four units 0 “separating into 4 groups” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
692 9:35 q22c Gaal & Ebed 0 See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
693 9:36 v8bb Gaal 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
694 9:36 vu4i Zebul 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
695 9:36 gz9v You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men 0 Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills”
696 9:37 kmf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one unit 0 “1 group” or “1 troop” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
697 9:38 tqh1 Zebul 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
698 9:38 qap7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where are your proud words now, you 0 Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You are not speaking proudly now, you” or “You are not proud now, you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
699 9:38 fub2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion you who said, ‘Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?’ 0 Zebul is quoting Gaal’s boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “you who said that we should not serve Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
700 9:38 qdj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are these not the men you despised? 0 Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Here are the men that you despised.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
701 9:38 u392 despised 0 strongly disliked or hated
702 9:39 h55i Gaal 0 See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
703 9:40 p7lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Many fell with deadly wounds 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “And many men died of wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
704 9:41 y21z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arumah 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
705 9:41 q5ep Zebul 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
706 9:41 f6ud Gaal 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
707 9:42 em2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this was reported to Abimelech 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone reported this to Abimelech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
708 9:43 rm73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers divided them into three units 0 “separated them into 3 groups” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
709 9:43 e8ph they set an ambush in the fields 0 Alternate translation: “they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise”
710 9:43 l12e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he attacked 0 Here “he” refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
711 9:44 h6g9 the units 0 Alternate translation: “the groups of soldiers”
712 9:44 a246 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers other two 0 “other 2” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
713 9:45 e7uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Abimelech fought & He tore down 0 Here “Abimelech” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Abimelech and his soldiers fought … They tore down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
714 9:45 ch7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against the city 0 Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “against the people of Shechem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
715 9:45 zi77 tore down 0 Alternate translation: “demolished”
716 9:45 t928 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit spread salt over it 0 “spread salt over the land.” Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
717 9:46 lty1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house 0 Here this represents a temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
718 9:46 kw6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names El-Berith 0 The word “El” means “god.” This is the same false god as “Baal-Berith” in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
719 9:47 hnv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Abimelech was told 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
720 9:48 h1s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Zalmon 0 This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
721 9:49 thc7 piled 0 This means to stack the branches into a large heap.
722 9:49 f9xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers about a thousand men 0 “about 1,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
723 9:50 jh8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Thebez 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
724 9:50 nyj8 encamped against Thebez 0 Alternate translation: “camped outside the city of Thebez”
725 9:52 jgq2 fought against it 0 Alternate translation: “attacked it”
726 9:53 z9j6 upper millstone 0 Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them.
727 9:54 vm49 armor-bearer 0 This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech.
728 9:54 is1h pierced him through 0 This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech.
729 9:56 h9fb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy 0 “70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
730 9:57 fx65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads 0 “Evil turn back on their heads” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
731 9:57 hua1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
732 9:57 q7dp Jerub Baal 0 This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
733 10:intro zqn2 0 # Judges 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the account of Jephthah ([Judges 10-12](./01.md)).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel’s punishment\nIn Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
734 10:1 g7ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tola & Puah & Dodo 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
735 10:1 ti4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shamir 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
736 10:1 lxh7 arose to deliver Israel 0 Alternate translation: “came to deliver Israel” or “became the leader to deliver Israel”
737 10:1 i5f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy deliver Israel 0 Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
738 10:2 m2fd He judged Israel 0 Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
739 10:2 m93u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-three years 0 “23 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
740 10:2 unp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
741 10:3 f3wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He was followed by Jair the Gileadite 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jair the Gileadite was leader after Tola” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
742 10:3 m9uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jair 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
743 10:3 j6fm the Gileadite 0 Jair was from the tribe of Gilead.
744 10:3 fmn8 He judged Israel 0 Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
745 10:3 d5gs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Israel 0 Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
746 10:3 ezp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-two years 0 “22 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
747 10:4 i1hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers thirty sons 0 “30 sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
748 10:4 vb1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Havvoth Jair 0 This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
749 10:4 h644 to this day 0 This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written.
750 10:5 t8ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
751 10:5 s19j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kamon 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
752 10:6 lj2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor added to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh 0 This speaks of evil as if it were an object that a person could add to and make bigger. Alternate translation: “continued doing what Yahweh said was evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
753 10:6 ki1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
754 10:6 p7j4 Ashtoreths 0 This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:13](../02/13.md).
755 10:6 r515 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism They abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him 0 The author basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. These can be combined. Alternate translation: “They completely stopped worshiping Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
756 10:6 p6q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They abandoned Yahweh 0 No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
757 10:7 zf61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh burned with anger toward Israel 0 Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if anger were a burning fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was very angry at Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
758 10:7 f4v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites 0 Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
759 10:7 aj5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
760 10:8 psa9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet crushed and oppressed 0 These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. Alternate translation: “terribly oppressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
761 10:8 q2ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighteen years 0 “18 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
762 10:8 msz6 who were beyond the Jordan 0 This means on the east side of the Jordan River.
763 10:8 b5w4 which is in Gilead 0 Alternate translation: “this region is also called Gilead”
764 10:9 wq6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah & Benjamin 0 “Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people belonging to those tribes. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Judah … the people of the tribe of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
765 10:9 nt9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Ephraim 0 The “house” refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
766 10:9 gl3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy so that Israel was greatly distressed 0 “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Israel suffered much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
767 10:10 lda9 the people of Israel called out to Yahweh 0 This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help.
768 10:10 b8t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor because we abandoned our God 0 The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
769 10:10 t38a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person abandoned our God 0 The people are speaking to Yahweh and refer to him as “our God.” This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “abandoned you, our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
770 10:12 lf73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion and also from the Sidonians? 0 God is rebuking the people of Israel for their worship of other gods. The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Did I not deliver you” in verse 11 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who delivered you … and also from the Sidonians.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
771 10:12 w39a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Maonites 0 These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
772 10:12 e4ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from their power 0 Here “power” represents the Amalekites and the Maonites. Alternate translation: “from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
773 10:13 p759 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you abandoned me again 0 The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
774 10:13 zdy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you 0 The phrase “keep adding to the times” is an idiom that means to continue to do something. You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Yahweh’s saying. Alternate translation: “I will not keep on delivering you again and again” or “You can be sure that I will stop delivering you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
775 10:16 i2l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit foreign gods among them 0 You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “foreign gods whose images they possessed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
776 10:16 m6hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh could bear Israel’s misery no longer 0 Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
777 10:18 j3k2 Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites? 0 Alternate translation: “Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?”
778 11:intro q7si 0 # Judges 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Jephthah continues in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jephthah the leader\n\nJephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them.
779 11:1 yk6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gileadite 0 This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father’s name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
780 11:2 r35b When his wife’s sons grew up 0 Alternate translation: “When the sons of Gilead’s wife became adults”
781 11:3 aw1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the land of Tob 0 Tob is the name of a region. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
782 11:3 f5ze they traveled with him 0 Alternate translation: “they followed him” or “they went everywhere together”
783 11:4 cn67 Some days later 0 Alternate translation: “Some time later”
784 11:4 s6ku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom made war against Israel 0 The phrase “made war” is an idiom which means that they attacked Israel and were at war with them. Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “attacked the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
785 11:6 b37n that we may fight with 0 Alternate translation: “so that we can fight against”
786 11:7 f7vj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my father’s house 0 Here “house” refers to people living in the house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
787 11:8 ph3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit That is why we are turning to you now 0 The word “that” refers to what Jephthah said about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are turning to you now because we are in trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
788 11:8 uem9 fight with the people of Ammon 0 Alternate translation: “fight against the people of Ammon”
789 11:11 hf4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet leader and commander 0 These two words basically have the same meaning repeated to emphasize how important Jephthah had became. You can combine the two words. Alternate translation: “commander” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
790 11:11 v6uq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom When he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made 0 This is an idiom. Here the phrase “before Yahwheh” means that he repeated his promises as a vow before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When Jephthah was in Mizpah he repeated all of these promises as a vow before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
791 11:11 w6mk all the promises he made 0 This refers to the promises he made to the leaders of Gilead about becoming their leader.
792 11:12 ybt9 What is this conflict between us 0 “Why is there conflict between us?” Jephthah is asking the king why they are angry with Israel.
793 11:12 su7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Why have you come with force to take our land 0 The word “you” refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Why have your soldiers come to seize our land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
794 11:12 hwk4 come with force to take 0 Alternate translation: “come to forcefully take”
795 11:13 qdz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arnon & Jabbok 0 These are the names of two rivers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
796 11:13 ps71 over to the Jordan 0 Alternate translation: “on the other side of the Jordan River”
797 11:13 tsw4 in peace 0 Alternate translation: “peacefully” or “and do not try to defend them”
798 11:15 i4ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he said 0 Here the word “he” refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word “they” as in the UST, referring to the group of messengers. Alternate translation: “Jephthah told the messengers to say” or “they said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
799 11:16 e7sj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they came up from Egypt 0 Whenever people traveled to the promised land it is referred to as going “up” to the promised land. When the Israelites left Egypt they were on their way to the promised land. Alternate translation: “they left Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
800 11:17 je4p General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
801 11:17 tn6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche When Israel sent messengers 0 The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
802 11:17 kl4c pass through 0 Alternate translation: “go through” or “cross”
803 11:17 v8aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom would not listen 0 This phrase is an idiom that means to “refuse.” Alternate translation: “refused” or “denied their request” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
804 11:17 q2mz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They also sent messengers to the king of Moab 0 The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
805 11:17 x2ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit but he refused 0 The king of Moab refused Israel’s request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
806 11:18 el82 Arnon 0 This is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
807 11:19 msq6 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
808 11:19 ur8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Israel sent messengers to Sihon 0 The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
809 11:19 j2t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sihon 0 This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
810 11:19 pyu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
811 11:20 mn9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jahaz 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
812 11:20 ew16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory 0 Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
813 11:20 d9ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche there he fought 0 The word “he” refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “there they fought” or “there his army fought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
814 11:21 sf5x General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
815 11:21 fsk6 Sihon 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
816 11:21 vp7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel 0 Here “hand” refers to power to defeat in battle. Alternate translation: “gave Israel power over Sihon and all his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
817 11:22 ce2e Arnon & Jabbok 0 See how you translated the names of these rivers in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
818 11:23 v22e General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
819 11:23 ru3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion should you now take possession of their land? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with this rhetorical question. The word “their” refers to the Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, you should not take possession of their land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
820 11:24 nr59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
821 11:24 bcm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom take over 0 This is an idiom which means to take control of something. Alternate translation: “take control of” or “take possession of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
822 11:24 z3zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Chemosh 0 This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
823 11:25 wln3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Now are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not better than Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
824 11:25 fk7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Balak & Zippor 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
825 11:25 giw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did he dare to have an argument with Israel? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
826 11:25 k8y5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did he ever wage war against them? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Nor did he ever wage war against them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
827 11:26 pty2 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
828 11:26 t5g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred years 0 “300 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
829 11:26 pu9w Heshbon 0 Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
830 11:26 c2xi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aroer 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
831 11:26 h61t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion why then did you not take them back during that time? 0 Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should have taken them back during that time.” or “now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
832 11:27 aei3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me 0 Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. Alternate translation: “The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
833 11:27 n4fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom done you wrong & doing me wrong 0 This is an idiom. To do someone wrong means to do something wrong to them. Alternate translation: “treated you wrongly … treating me wrongly” or “treated you unfairly … treating me unfairly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
834 11:29 p2lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah 0 This is an idiom which means that the Spirit influenced Jephthah’s decisions. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took control of Jephthah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
835 11:29 dq1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he passed through Gilead and Manasseh & from Mizpah of Gilead 0 Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
836 11:31 kh4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will offer it up 0 This is an idiom which means to give something as an offering. Alternate translation: “I will offer it to you” or “I will sacrifice it to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
837 11:32 wr1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche So Jephthah passed through & Yahweh gave him victory 0 Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate translation: “So Jephthah and his army passed through … Yahweh gave them victory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
838 11:33 rt2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He attacked 0 Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself (verse 32). Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
839 11:33 dl1t Aroer 0 Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 11:26](../11/26.md).
840 11:33 pfq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Minnith & Abel Keramim 0 These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
841 11:33 i18j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty cities 0 “including 20 cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
842 11:34 ng9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown tambourines 0 musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
843 11:35 md3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he tore his clothes 0 This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. Alternate translation: “he tore his clothes from grief” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
844 11:35 puu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism You have crushed me with sorrow & you have become one who causes me pain 0 Jephthah said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
845 11:35 qi6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You have crushed me with sorrow 0 Here Jephthah speaks of his great sorrow as something that crushes him. Alternate translation: “You have caused me great sorrow” or “You have filled me with sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
846 11:35 dvs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have become one who causes me pain 0 Here Jephthah talks about his great distress and trouble as if it were pain. Alternate translation: “you have become someone who troubles me” or “you cause me great distress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
847 11:35 gvy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I cannot turn back on my promise 0 This is an idiom. To turn back on a promise means to not do what you have promised to do. Alternate translation: “I must do what I have promised” or “I cannot break my promise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
848 11:36 e6gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites 0 Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
849 11:37 hj6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Let this promise be kept for me 0 This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “Keep this promise for me” or “Keep this promise concerning me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
850 11:37 dh7s grieve over my virginity 0 Alternate translation: “weep because I am a virgin” or “cry because I will never be married”
851 11:39 n4my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism had never known a man 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had never had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
852 11:40 s739 the Gileadite 0 This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md).
853 12:intro p8zn 0 # Judges 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.\n\n### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Shibboleth\n\nThis is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
854 12:1 mp3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns A call went out to the men of Ephraim 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **call**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The men of Ephraim were called together” or “The men … of Ephraim called together their soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
855 12:1 ubq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zaphon 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
856 12:1 hh1l passed through & pass through 0 or “traveled through … travel” or “journeyed through … journey”
857 12:1 lt7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom We will burn your house down over you 0 This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. Alternate translation: “We will burn your house down with you still in it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
858 12:2 fsb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you When I called you, you 0 Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
859 12:2 nxf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche did not rescue me 0 Jephthah uses the word “me” to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. Alternate translation: “do not rescue us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
860 12:3 s3v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you did not rescue me 0 The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “you did not rescue us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
861 12:3 zev7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I put my life in my own hand 0 This is an idiom which means to risk one’s life and to rely only on one’s own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. Alternate translation: “We risked our lives, relying on our own strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
862 12:3 u5y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh gave me victory 0 Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave us victory over them” or “Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
863 12:3 uje8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Why have you come to fight against me 0 The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “Why have you come to fight against us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
864 12:3 nt4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit passed through against the people of Ammon 0 This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
865 12:4 by47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he fought against Ephraim 0 The word “he” refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. Alternate translation: “they fought against Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
866 12:4 y6zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You Gileadites are fugitives 0 You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. Alternate translation: “You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
867 12:4 p9f2 Gileadites 0 people from Gilead
868 12:4 h3vl in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh 0 “in the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh” or “in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh.” Here “Ephraim” and “Manasseh” refer to regions and are named after the tribes which live there.
869 12:5 dcy5 to Ephraim 0 Alternate translation: “to the land of Ephraim”
870 12:5 f8sh The Gileadites captured 0 Alternate translation: “The Gileadites controlled” or “The Gileadites occupied”
871 12:5 yc1p fords 0 These are places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow.
872 12:5 w1cc Ephraimite 0 person from the tribe of Ephraim
873 12:6 cee8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Shibboleth & Sibboleth 0 These words have no meaning. Copy these words into your language, and make sure that the beginning of the words, that is the letters “Sh” and “S” are translated differently. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
874 12:6 uc7k pronounce the word 0 Alternate translation: “make the sound of the word”
875 12:6 d82p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Forty-two thousand 0 “42,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
876 12:6 c2bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They killed forty-two thousand Ephraimites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
877 12:7 v8rv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jephthah the Gileadite died and they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
878 12:8 ha85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ibzan of Bethlehem 0 This is the name of a man from Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
879 12:9 d515 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He gave away thirty daughters in marriage 0 Here “give away … in marriage” is an idiom which means that he allowed his daughters to get married. Alternate translation: “He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
880 12:9 r2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside 0 The idiom “bring them in from the outside” means that he had women from other clans marry his sons. Alternate translation: “he arranged for thirty daughters of other men from outside of his clan to marry his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
881 12:10 jbg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried at Bethlehem 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Bethlehem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
882 12:11 k8nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elon 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
883 12:11 jl6e Zebulunite 0 someone from the tribe of Zebulun
884 12:12 dn79 Aijalon 0 Translate the name of this place the same way you did in [Judges 1:35](../01/35.md).
885 12:12 dzh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried in Aijalon 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Aijalon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
886 12:13 x9gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abdon & Hillel 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
887 12:13 z3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pirathon 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
888 12:14 n7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy They rode on seventy donkeys 0 These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word “rode” is used instead of “owned.” Alternate translation: “They owned seventy donkeys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
889 12:14 ua8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty sons & thirty grandsons & seventy donkeys 0 “40 sons … 30 grandsons … 70 donkeys (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
890 12:15 wqm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pirathonite & Pirathon 0 Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
891 13:intro eu67 0 # Judges 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the account of Samson ([Judges 13-16](./01.md)).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Warning not to cut his hair\n\nThe angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson’s mother. Samson’s mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person’s hair. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
892 13:1 acr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
893 13:1 g29r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he gave them into the hand of the Philistines 0 Here “hand” refers to power to gain victory in battle. Alternate translation: “he allowed the Philistines to defeat them” or “he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
894 13:1 jxd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 “40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
895 13:2 y3dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zorah 0 This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
896 13:2 l3wl Danites 0 people from the tribe of Dan
897 13:2 v9vw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Manoah 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
898 13:3 a36u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom give birth to a son 0 This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
899 13:4 nfl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor anything unclean 0 Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
900 13:5 q3p1 Look 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
901 13:5 wb3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy No razor will be used upon his head 0 Here the word “head” refers to his hair. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one should ever cut his hair” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
902 13:5 lb1d razor 0 a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin
903 13:5 vq8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a Nazirite to God 0 This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
904 13:5 zui7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the womb 0 Here the word “womb” refers to the time before the child is born. Alternate translation: “from before he is born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
905 13:5 am6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of the Philistines 0 Here the word “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “the control of the Philistines” or “being under the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
906 13:6 djg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit A man of God 0 This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “A man that God sent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
907 13:6 w3z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible 0 Here “terrible” means “frightening.” Alternate translation: “I was very afraid of him because he looked like an angel of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
908 13:7 n53c Look 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
909 13:7 p1sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom give birth to a son 0 This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
910 13:7 s1qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor any food that the law declares to be unclean 0 Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
911 13:7 pd9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a Nazirite to God 0 This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
912 13:7 xct1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death 0 This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. Alternate translation: “all his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
913 13:8 nb4i Manoah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
914 13:9 m96n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit came to the woman 0 You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the author’s words. Alternate translation: “came to Manoah’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
915 13:10 me6y Look 0 Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
916 13:10 snn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The man 0 This refers to the angel of God in [Judges 13:3](../13/03.md). This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the man of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
917 13:12 gti5 your words 0 Alternate translation: “what you have said”
918 13:14 u67r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy anything that comes from the vines 0 Here the angel refers to any food that grow on a vine as “coming” from the vine. Alternate translation: “anything that grows on a vine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
919 13:14 f8vu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unclean 0 Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 13:7](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
920 13:15 aw65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit prepare a young goat for you 0 You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoah’s statement. Alternate translation: “cook a young goat for you to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
921 13:17 ut4y your words come true 0 Alternate translation: “what you have said comes true”
922 13:18 dsd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you ask my name? 0 The angel asks this question as a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not ask me what my name is.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
923 13:18 rr96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It is wonderful 0 It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. Alternate translation: “It is too wonderful for you to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
924 13:19 lw91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit with the grain offering 0 This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. Alternate translation: “with the grain offering required with it” or “with the grain offering to accompany it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
925 13:19 d2km on the rock 0 “on the altar.” The altar Manoah sacrificed the offering on was a rock.
926 13:19 pqv4 He did something 0 Alternate translation: “The angel did something”
927 13:20 s8h8 the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar 0 Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar”
928 13:20 g2fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction lay facedown on the ground 0 “lay with their faces to the ground.” This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
929 13:21 yi5q that he was the angel of Yahweh 0 The word “he” refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen.
930 13:22 f9uz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit We are sure to die, because we have seen God 0 It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “God will cause us to die because we have seen him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
931 13:23 u22x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism He would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things 0 Manoah’s wife said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “He would not have told us what he wanted us to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
932 13:24 n565 the woman 0 Alternate translation: “Manoah’s wife”
933 13:24 lz2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom gave birth to a son 0 This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bore a son” or “had a baby boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
934 13:24 ht9i grew up 0 Alternate translation: “became an adult” or “matured”
935 13:25 hmc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh’s Spirit began to stir him 0 Here the way Yahweh’s Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit began to influence Samson” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
936 13:25 wnc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mahaneh Dan & Eshtaol 0 Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
937 13:25 x4d3 Zorah 0 Translate the name of this town the same way you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
938 14:intro cl2d 0 # Judges 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18.\n\n### Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Intermarriage\n\nIt was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson’s parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
939 14:1 bwa3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Samson went down to Timnah 0 The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
940 14:1 u7xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism one of the daughters of the Philistines 0 The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people” or “a Philistine girl” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
941 14:2 b9h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Now get her for me to be my wife 0 This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to become my wife” or “Make the arrangements for me to marry her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
942 14:3 lcb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people? 0 They ask this question to suggest that they could find Samson a wife among their own people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
943 14:3 x278 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism the daughters of your relatives 0 The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among your relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
944 14:3 wj22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines? 0 This question is asked to rebuke Samson. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind this question as a statement. you could make explicit the reason his parents do not want him to marry a Philistine. Alternate translation: “You really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
945 14:3 srv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Get her for me 0 This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to be my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
946 14:3 r62c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit she pleases me 0 This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. “I am pleased by how beautiful she is” or “she is beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
947 14:4 ubq9 this matter 0 This refers to Samson’s request to marry the Philistine woman.
948 14:4 k7hy for he desired to create a conflict 0 The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
949 14:5 d4lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Samson went down to Timnah 0 The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timnah was a city in the Sorek Valley. Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 14:1](../14/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
950 14:5 ty9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And, look, there one of the young lions came up 0 Here the word “look” is used to draw the readers attention to a surprising event that happens in the story. The phrase “came up” means that the lion came near him. Alternate translation: “Suddenly, a young lion came near him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
951 14:5 szi7 was roaring at him 0 “threatened him.” This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something.
952 14:6 m9m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh’s Spirit suddenly came on him 0 The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit made him very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
953 14:6 ryx9 tore & apart 0 tore into two pieces
954 14:6 t92d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes had nothing in his hand 0 Here it states that he had nothing in his hand to emphasize that he was not holding a weapon. Alternate translation: “did not have a weapon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
955 14:7 s2mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit she pleased Samson 0 This means that he thought she was very beautiful. Alternate translation: “he was pleased by how beautiful she was” or “he thought she was very beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
956 14:8 d5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he turned aside 0 This means that he left his path to do something. Alternate translation: “he left the path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
957 14:8 ude7 carcass 0 dead body
958 14:8 um8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And, look, there was a swarm of bees 0 Here the word “look” is used to draw the reader’s attention to something surprising that happens in the story. Alternate translation: “He found a swarm of bees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
959 14:8 y8ha swarm 0 large group of insects
960 14:9 u3ie scraped up 0 Alternate translation: “gathered up”
961 14:10 cm3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Samson’s father went down to where the woman was 0 The phrase “went down” is used to describe Timnah which is lower in elevation than where Samson’s father lives. Alternate translation: “Samson’s father went to where the woman lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
962 14:10 ugh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the custom of the young men 0 It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. Alternate translation: “the custom of young men who were getting married” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
963 14:11 ff89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers thirty of their friends 0 “30 of their friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
964 14:12 kh6c riddle 0 a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
965 14:12 a8er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom can find it out 0 This means to figure out the meaning of the riddle. Alternate translation: “can figure out its meaning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
966 14:12 fk4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes 0 “30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
967 14:12 ze1u linen 0 a type of cloth
968 14:13 yu1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you But if you cannot tell me 0 Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the guests at the feast. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
969 14:14 z49r General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nSamson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means.
970 14:14 j8sv Out of the eater was something to eat 0 Alternate translation: “Out of the eater came something to eat” or “Something to eat came out of something that eats”
971 14:14 mcm3 the eater 0 The noun “eater” can be expressed as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the thing that eats”
972 14:14 hsz9 out of the strong was something sweet 0 Alternate translation: “out of the strong came something sweet” or “Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong”
973 14:14 ck4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the strong 0 This refers to something that is strong. Alternate translation: “the strong thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
974 14:14 bdu6 his guests 0 Alternate translation: “the men at his feast”
975 14:14 mf31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor could not find the answer 0 Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. Alternate translation: “could not figure out the answer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
976 14:15 wrs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the fourth day 0 “day 4” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
977 14:15 w5dc Trick 0 mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
978 14:15 jx5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your father’s house 0 This could mean: (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
979 14:15 t8sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will burn up 0 The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
980 14:15 si25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did you invite us here in order to make us poor? 0 They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
981 14:15 sg4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to make us poor 0 They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
982 14:16 hr3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism All you do is hate me! You do not love me 0 Samson’s wife basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You do not really love me at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
983 14:16 d72a riddle 0 a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
984 14:16 j4gp Look here 0 This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
985 14:16 zq8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? 0 Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
986 14:17 ejm7 during the seven days that their feast lasted 0 This could mean: (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.”
987 14:17 rfq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the seventh day 0 “day 7” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
988 14:17 xid1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom she pressured him very much 0 Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
989 14:18 ui6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the men of the city 0 This refers to Samson’s wife’s relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
990 14:18 mq6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the seventh day 0 “day 7” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
991 14:18 vi1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion? 0 This is the answer to the riddle. It may be written as a statement instead of as questions. If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding more information. Alternate translation: “Honey is sweet and a lion is strong.” or “Honey is sweet and it came out of a lion.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
992 14:18 scv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor If you had not plowed with my heifer 0 Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another person’s heifer to plow his field. Alternate translation: “If you had not used my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
993 14:18 cl8w plowed 0 To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds.
994 14:19 m2gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom came on Samson with power 0 The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” or “made Samson very powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
995 14:19 ht3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers killed thirty of their men 0 “killed 30 of their men” - (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
996 14:19 kc4e their men 0 Alternate translation: “the men who lived there”
997 14:19 u2u5 plunder 0 things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle
998 14:19 axx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit their clothes 0 These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. Alternate translation: “the sets of clothing that he had taken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
999 14:19 ym43 Burning with anger 0 Alternate translation: “Very angry”
1000 14:19 d5ji went up to his father’s house 0 The phrase “went up” is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his father’s house is located.
1001 14:20 hb14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Samson’s wife was given to his best friend 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his wife’s father gave her to his best friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1002 14:20 ibt7 best friend 0 Alternate translation: “closest friend”
1003 15:intro dn16 0 # Judges 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Samson’s strength\n\nThe Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson’s power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
1004 15:1 gn7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He said to himself 0 This refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “He thought to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1005 15:1 n6ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will go to my wife’s room 0 Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will go to my wife’s room, so we may sleep together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1006 15:1 hmg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis would not allow him to go in 0 The phrase “her room” is understood from what Samson said to himself. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “would not permit him to go into her room” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1007 15:2 f2qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so I gave her to your friend 0 This means that he gave her to be his friend’s wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “so I gave her to be married to your friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1008 15:2 pn1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion is she not? 0 He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hope you agree.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1009 15:2 ruf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Take her instead 0 He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Take her to be your wife instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1010 15:3 b19a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them 0 Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1011 15:4 vl3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred foxes 0 “300 foxes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1012 15:4 bxn9 foxes 0 Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals.
1013 15:4 g4ms each pair 0 a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails
1014 15:4 l3z7 tail to tail 0 Alternate translation: “by their tails”
1015 15:4 b6p3 torches 0 A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light.
1016 15:5 p7mc standing grain 0 grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field
1017 15:5 i6qn stacked grain 0 the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested
1018 15:5 a7kw orchards 0 An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown.
1019 15:6 mns7 the Timnite’s son-in-law 0 The husband of a man’s daughter is a “son-in-law.”
1020 15:6 r78s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Timnite 0 This is a person from Timnah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1021 15:6 uk9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit took Samson’s wife and gave her to his friend 0 Samson’s wife’s father gave her in marriage to Samson’s friend. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “took Samson’s wife and allowed her to marry Samson’s friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1022 15:6 hz8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom burned up 0 The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1023 15:7 sj8e said to them 0 Alternate translation: “said to the Philistines”
1024 15:7 k4eu If this is what you do 0 Alternate translation: “Because you have done this.”
1025 15:8 x42b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh 0 Here “hip and thigh” refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate translation: “He cut their bodies to pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1026 15:8 m2qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he went down 0 Here the phrase “went down” does not likely mean that he changed elevation, but rather, it is a way to describe someone going to another place. Alternate translation: “he went” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1027 15:8 xk3p cave 0 an opening in a hill or mountainside
1028 15:8 yl63 cliff 0 a high, rocky hill or mountainside
1029 15:8 b6rw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Etam 0 This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1030 15:9 g7cb the Philistines came up & in Judah 0 The phrase “came up” is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from.
1031 15:9 fkh2 prepared for battle 0 Alternate translation: “organized themselves for battle”
1032 15:9 v6jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lehi 0 This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1033 15:10 ut2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit do to him as he has done to us 0 The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. Alternate translation: “kill him like he killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1034 15:11 y64p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three thousand men of Judah 0 “3,000 men of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1035 15:11 ji18 cave in the cliff of Etam 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md).
1036 15:11 k7fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us? 0 The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. Alternate translation: “You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1037 15:11 td2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They did to me, and so I have done to them 0 Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They killed my wife, so I killed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1038 15:12 a6ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hands of the Philistines 0 Here “hands” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1039 15:13 nz1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hand you over to them 0 This means to cause someone to be under someone else’s control. Alternate translation: “give you to the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1040 15:13 m8g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit up from the rock 0 This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md). Here the words “up from” mean that they had brought him away from the cave. Alternate translation: “away from the cave in the large rock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1041 15:14 dr4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit When he came 0 Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. Alternate translation: “When they came” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1042 15:14 xp7l Lehi 0 This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md).
1043 15:14 w48h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom came on him with power 0 The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1044 15:14 nue5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax 0 Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. Alternate translation: “He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1045 15:14 d1fe flax 0 fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth
1046 15:15 w6nt a fresh jawbone 0 This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set.
1047 15:15 nb59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers a thousand men 0 “1,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1048 15:16 dzp6 the jawbone of a donkey 0 Alternate translation: “a donkey’s jawbone”
1049 15:16 dm4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit heaps upon heaps 0 This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1050 15:17 ra2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ramath Lehi 0 This is the name of a place. It’s name means “Jawbone Hill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1051 15:18 ta26 was very thirsty 0 Alternate translation: “needed water to drink”
1052 15:18 t3wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole But now will I die of thirst and fall into & uncircumcised? 0 This could mean: (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into … uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into … uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1053 15:18 h9yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom die of thirst 0 This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1054 15:18 u4x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised 0 The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1055 15:19 c7pf split open the hollow place 0 “opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear.
1056 15:19 c776 Lehi 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md)
1057 15:19 rty1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism his strength returned and he revived 0 These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “he became strong again” or “he was revived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1058 15:19 r7ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names En Hakkore 0 This is the name of a spring of water. The name means “spring of him who prayed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1059 15:19 k47v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom it is at Lehi to this day 0 This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase “to this day” refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1060 15:20 ru29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the days of the Philistines 0 This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “during the time the Philistines controlled Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1061 15:20 l52v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers for twenty years 0 “for 20 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1062 16:intro u81n 0 # Judges 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson concludes in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Samson’s mistake\n\nSamson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson’s only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.
1063 16:1 l289 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism he went to bed with her 0 The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1064 16:2 j859 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names The Gazites were told 0 The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1065 16:2 fyj2 The Gazites surrounded the place & they waited for him all night at the city gate 0 This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.
1066 16:2 lsy6 They kept silent all night 0 This could mean: (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.”
1067 16:3 iye2 until midnight 0 Alternate translation: “until the middle of the night”
1068 16:3 fv5x its two posts 0 These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts.
1069 16:3 c2m4 bar and all 0 The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars.
1070 16:3 m4dx shoulders 0 the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body
1071 16:3 yq6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hebron 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1072 16:4 itb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Valley of Sorek 0 This is the name of a valley near Samson’s home. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1073 16:5 c6wz Trick 0 to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
1074 16:5 x4w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to see 0 This is an idiom that means to learn something. Alternate translation: “to understand” or “to learn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1075 16:5 vq28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom where his great strength lies 0 This is an idiom that refers to where his strength comes from. Alternate translation: “what causes him to be very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1076 16:5 y38x by what means we may overpower him 0 Alternate translation: “how we might overpower him”””
1077 16:5 g3bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 1,100 pieces of silver 0 “one thousand one hundred pieces of silver.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1078 16:6 r4hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive bind you, so you might be controlled 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “bind you to control you” or “bind you to restrain you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1079 16:7 ae1p fresh bowstrings 0 Bowstrings were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. The words “fresh bowstrings” refer to those that come from a freshly slaughtered animal that have not yet dried.
1080 16:7 z8ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that have not been dried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that have not yet dried” or “that are not dry yet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1081 16:8 xv64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that had not been dried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that had not yet dried” or “that were not dry yet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1082 16:8 xt1g she tied Samson up with them 0 Alternate translation: “Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings”
1083 16:9 n6px rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1084 16:9 by3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The Philistines are upon you 0 The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1085 16:9 sy3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire 0 The author describes how easily he broke the bowstrings by comparing them to how yarn breaks when it is burned. Alternate translation: “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if he were breaking burned yarn” or “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if they were made of thin yarn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1086 16:10 x2km rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism This is how you have deceived me and told me lies. 0 Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “You have greatly deceived me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1087 16:10 e5iw you can be overpowered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you”
1088 16:12 vpr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The Philistines are upon you 0 The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1089 16:12 rnx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom lying in wait 0 This means that they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. Alternate translation: “waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1090 16:12 j7zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like they were a piece of thread 0 The author describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to him breaking a piece of thread. Alternate translation: “as easily as if they were only a piece of thread” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1091 16:13 hg41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism you have deceived me and told me lies 0 Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “you have greatly deceived me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1092 16:13 t97z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you may be overpowered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1093 16:13 s6f3 weave 0 crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place
1094 16:13 h8x3 locks of my hair 0 small bunches of hair
1095 16:13 c2e8 fabric 0 cloth made from weaving material together
1096 16:13 wv5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown loom 0 a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1097 16:13 gkr7 then nail that to the loom 0 Alternate translation: “then nail the fabric to the loom”
1098 16:13 pn2m nail 0 to hammer a nail in order to hold something in one place
1099 16:13 w58a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will be like any other man 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be as weak as any other man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1100 16:14 h61l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The Philistines are upon you 0 The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1101 16:14 k9fi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom 0 Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1102 16:14 lc6p the pin 0 This is the wooden nail or peg used to fasten the fabric to the loom.
1103 16:15 zzt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can you say, ‘I love you,’ when you do not share your secrets with me? 0 Delilah asks this question to say that if Samson really loved her he would tell her his secrets. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “When you say ‘I love you,’ you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1104 16:16 s5ui rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom pressed him hard & pressured him 0 Here the author speaks of how Delilah tries to persuade Samson as if she were putting pressure on him to convince him to tell her what she wants to know. Alternate translation: “tried hard to persuade him … kept trying to persuade him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1105 16:16 imn2 with her words 0 Alternate translation: “by what she said to him”
1106 16:16 iqa6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole that he wished he would die 0 The author used a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize how miserable Sampson felt. Alternate translation: “that he was completely miserable” or “that he was very unhappy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1107 16:17 c8q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit told her everything 0 everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “told her the source of his strength” or “told her the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1108 16:17 y8xz razor 0 a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person’s skin
1109 16:17 z2nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a Nazirite for God 0 This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1110 16:17 fhm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from my mother’s womb 0 Here “from my mother’s womb” refers to when he was born. This means that he has been a Nazirite since he was born. Alternate translation: “my entire life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1111 16:17 t2us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive If my head is shaved 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone shaves my head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1112 16:17 seg5 shaved 0 to have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor
1113 16:17 iq1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification my strength will leave me 0 Samson speaks about his strength as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “I will not be strong any more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1114 16:18 m9zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Delilah saw 0 Here the word “saw” is a idiom that means to realize something. Alternate translation: “Delilah realized” or “Delilah learned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1115 16:18 z2eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the truth about everything 0 Here the word “everything” refers to everything about why Samson was strong. Alternate translation: “the truth about why he is strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1116 16:18 x4mm Come up again 0 Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from.
1117 16:18 ipi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit bringing the silver in their hands 0 This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. Alternate translation: “bringing the silver that they had promised to give her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1118 16:19 h2jg She had him fall asleep 0 Alternate translation: “She caused him to fall asleep”
1119 16:19 x4y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in her lap 0 This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with his head on her lap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1120 16:19 gjg3 lap 0 The lap is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down.
1121 16:19 vai4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession the seven locks of his head 0 Samson had seven locks of hair on his head. Locks are small bunches of hair. Here his locks of hair are described as “belonging” to his head. Alternate translation: “the seven locks of hair on his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
1122 16:19 w8dj subdue him 0 Alternate translation: “control him”
1123 16:19 qt31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification his strength had left him 0 Here Samson’s strength is described as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “his strength was gone” or “he was no longer strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1124 16:20 e9dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The Philistines are upon you 0 The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1125 16:20 jt7e woke up 0 Alternate translation: “awakened”
1126 16:20 n31e get out 0 Alternate translation: “escape”
1127 16:20 n47x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But he did not know that Yahweh had left him 0 It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1128 16:21 ve9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom put out his eyes 0 This means that they removed his eyes from his head. Alternate translation: “removed his eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1129 16:21 z2vv down to Gaza 0 The phrase “down to” is used here because they brought Samson to Gaza which is lower in elevation than his home where they captured him.
1130 16:21 t7gr bound him with bronze shackles 0 Alternate translation: “chained him with bronze shackles” or “tied him up using bronze shackles”
1131 16:21 t1sq shackles 0 locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both
1132 16:21 mn74 turned the millstone 0 Alternate translation: “pulled the millstone around in a circle”
1133 16:21 ujq1 millstone 0 This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it.
1134 16:22 ru6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive after it had been shaved 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the Philistines had shaved it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1135 16:23 b13v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Dagon 0 a major false god of the Philistines (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1136 16:23 p125 has conquered 0 Alternate translation: “has defeated”
1137 16:23 ekg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor put him in our grasp 0 Here the author speak of Samson being under the rulers’ control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. Alternate translation: “put him under our control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1138 16:24 ums1 the destroyer of our country 0 This refers to Samson. The word “destroyer” can be expressed with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “the man who has destroyed our country”
1139 16:24 y4qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche who killed many of us 0 Here the word “us” refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. Alternate translation: “who killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1140 16:25 hiy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Call for Samson & They called for Samson 0 Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. Alternate translation: “Call for them to bring out Samson … They brought Samson” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1141 16:26 b8yg the boy 0 “the young man” This was not a young child, but rather a youth.
1142 16:26 d2gs Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests 0 Alternate translation: “Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building”
1143 16:27 fx8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1144 16:27 cp19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three thousand men and women 0 “3,000 men and women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1145 16:27 l6hc looking on 0 Alternate translation: “watching”
1146 16:27 ulj6 while Samson was entertaining them 0 It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him.
1147 16:28 n4yh called to Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh”
1148 16:28 ypq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call me to mind 0 This means to remember him and his situation. Alternate translation: “remember me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1149 16:28 ld69 only this once 0 Alternate translation: “one more time”
1150 16:28 f2en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in one blow on the Philistines 0 This idiom means that he wants to have one more powerful act against the Philistines to get full revenge for what they did to him. Alternate translation: “with one strike against the Philistine” or “in one powerful act against the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1151 16:29 dmd3 on which the building rested 0 Alternate translation: “which held up the building”
1152 16:30 mt5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He stretched out with his strength 0 When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. Alternate translation: “He used his strength to push down the pillars” or “He used his strength to push over the pillars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1153 16:30 i5lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the dead 0 This refers to people who are dead. Alternate translation: “the dead people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1154 16:30 u7yd were more 0 Alternate translation: “were a greater amount”
1155 16:31 rl5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all the house of his father 0 Here the word “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “all of his father’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1156 16:31 jg6m came down 0 The phrase “came down” is used here because the place that Samson’s family traveled form was higher in elevation than Gaza.
1157 16:31 na1k Zorah & Eshtaol 0 See how you translated the names of these places in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md) and [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
1158 16:31 de6c in the burial place of Manoah, his father 0 Alternate translation: “where his father, Manoah, is buried”
1159 16:31 i2d4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Manoah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1160 16:31 wv8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Samson had judged Israel for twenty years 0 This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/20.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. Alternate translation: “Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1161 16:31 vmv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty years 0 “20 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1162 17:intro c454 0 # Judges 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Idols and figures\n\nAccording to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
1163 17:1 rrp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants There was a man 0 This is a way to introduce a new person to the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
1164 17:1 ke46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Micah 0 This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1165 17:2 c1x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 1,100 pieces 0 “one thousand one hundred pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1166 17:2 k7it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that were taken from you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone stole from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1167 17:2 m56x I stole it 0 Alternate translation: “I was the one who took it”
1168 17:3 z9j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 1,100 pieces 0 “one thousand one hundred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1169 17:3 p6yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom set apart 0 This means to dedicate something to a specific purpose. Alternate translation: “dedicate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1170 17:3 sc6v cast metal 0 metal that has been melted and poured into a mold to form a special shape
1171 17:3 ss9u I restore it to you 0 Alternate translation: “I give it back to you”
1172 17:4 xsr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers two hundred pieces of silver 0 “200 pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1173 17:4 r9hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they were placed in the house of Micah 0 The word “they” refers to the metal figures. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Micah placed them in his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1174 17:5 f5zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a house of idols 0 This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a house for worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1175 17:6 mxx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor everyone did what was right in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “each person did what he decided was right” or “each person did what he judged to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1176 17:7 z9bc of Bethlehem 0 Alternate translation: “from Bethlehem”
1177 17:7 u5wv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit of the clan of Judah 0 This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “who was living among the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1178 17:7 ktm7 He stayed there to fulfill his duties 0 Alternate translation: “He lived and worked there”
1179 17:8 pd1z find a place to live 0 Alternate translation: “find a different place to live”
1180 17:9 u9x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit where I might live 0 It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. Alternate translation: “where I might live and have a job” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1181 17:10 s5tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a father and a priest 0 The word “father” is here used in the sense of an advisor, and not to a literal father. Alternate translation: “an advisor and a priest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1182 17:10 mw13 I will give you ten pieces of silver a year 0 Alternate translation: “I will give you ten pieces of silver each year”
1183 17:10 j73e a suit of clothes 0 Alternate translation: “a set of clothes”
1184 17:10 tm7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So the Levite went into his house 0 It is implied that the Levite accepted Micah’s offer, and therefore, entered Micah’s house. Alternate translation: “So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1185 17:11 mvs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile the young man became to Micah like one of his sons 0 The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. Alternate translation: “the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1186 17:12 t9an rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Micah set apart the Levite 0 Here “set apart” means that Micah “dedicated” or “ordained” him. Alternate translation: “Micah dedicated the Levite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1187 17:12 s6d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy was in Micah’s house 0 Here living in Micah’s house is spoken of as “being” in his house. Alternate translation: “lived in Micah’s house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1188 18:intro y2ru 0 # Judges 18 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The tribe of Dan\n\nThe tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes’ victories. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])
1189 18:1 d1r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent In those days 0 This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1190 18:1 w9qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background In those days & from among the tribes of Israel 0 This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1191 18:1 g4f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit not received any inheritance from 0 This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. Alternate translation: “not received a land inheritance from” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1192 18:2 f83t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the whole number of their tribe 0 The phrase “the whole number” refers to all of the men in the tribe. Alternate translation: “from among all of the men in their tribe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1193 18:2 j6xd experienced warriors 0 Alternate translation: “experienced fighters”
1194 18:2 jv96 Zorah 0 See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
1195 18:2 cgy7 Eshtaol 0 See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
1196 18:2 wg6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to scout the land on foot 0 The phrase “on foot” means to walk. Alternate translation: “to scout the land by walking through it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1197 18:2 bt98 Micah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 17:1](../17/01.md).
1198 18:3 c2tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they recognized the speech of the young Levite 0 They recognized the man by the sound of his voice. Here “speech” refers to his “voice.” Alternate translation: “they heard the young Levite talking, and they recognized his voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1199 18:7 i57p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Laish 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1200 18:7 a8c9 There was no one who conquered 0 Alternate translation: “There were no enemies living in their land who had conquered them”
1201 18:7 ch81 had no dealings with anyone 0 “had no contact with any outsiders.” This means they lived far enough away from any other city that they lived secluded from other people.
1202 18:8 f5il Zorah 0 Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
1203 18:8 lih2 Eshtaol 0 Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
1204 18:9 zpe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you doing nothing? 0 This rhetorical question is asked sarcastically and means that they should be doing the opposite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should be acting now!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1205 18:9 n8um rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives Do not be slow to attack 0 These two negative words “not” and “slow” together emphasize the positive idea to attack quickly. Alternate translation: “Hurry! Attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1206 18:10 r61z the land is wide 0 “the land is large.” This is a description of the size of the land.
1207 18:10 ab9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole that does not lack anything in the land 0 The men use a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that it is a very desirable place to live. Alternate translation: “where we will have everything there that we need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1208 18:10 aj2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives that does not lack anything 0 The two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “has everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1209 18:11 b97l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers Six hundred men 0 “600 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1210 18:12 z66i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kiriath Jearim 0 This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1211 18:12 q4cf Mahaneh Dan 0 Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
1212 18:12 f453 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to this day 0 This means that something remains the same. It refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “and that is still its name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1213 18:14 l46p Laish 0 Translate the name of this town the same as you did in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
1214 18:14 g3gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion in these houses there are an ephod, & metal figure? Decide & will do 0 The five men asked this question to suggest and encourage the men that they should steal the idols. This can be written as a statement, and the implied information may be given in a parenthetical phrase. Alternate translation: “these houses contain an ephod, … metal figure. (They were suggesting that the men steal these things.) Decide … will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1215 18:14 g8xi in these houses there are 0 Alternate translation: “in one of these house there is” or “among these houses is”
1216 18:15 cx88 they turned in there 0 Alternate translation: “they turned”
1217 18:15 tf6m they greeted him 0 The word “him” refers to the Levite.
1218 18:16 m84v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers six hundred Danites 0 “600 Danites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1219 18:17 a6nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers six hundred men 0 “600 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1220 18:19 fje7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man & a clan in Israel? 0 They ask this as a rhetorical question to imply that it is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is better for you to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel than for just the house of one man.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1221 18:20 z2bp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The priest’s heart was glad 0 Here the priest is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “The priest was glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1222 18:21 v31e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They put the small children in front of themselves 0 They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. Alternate translation: “They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1223 18:21 t33e they turned 0 Alternate translation: “the Danites turned around”
1224 18:22 p9e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a good distance 0 “some distance.” This refers a short distance but one that is long enough to be considered as measurable progress. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1225 18:22 l34e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the men who were in the houses near Micah’s house were called together 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he called together the men who were in the houses near his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1226 18:22 vkf1 they caught up with the Danites 0 This implies that they ran after them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “running after the Danites, they caught up with them”
1227 18:23 c2k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you been called together? 0 This question is a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have called your men together to chase us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1228 18:23 sbb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive been called together 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “called these men together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1229 18:24 dy7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the gods that I made 0 Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them. Alternate translation: “the gods which I had made for me” or “the gods which a craftsman made for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1230 18:24 edz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What else do I have left? 0 Micah asks this question to emphasize that he no longer has the things that are important to him. Alternate translation: “I have nothing left.” or “You have taken everything that is important to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1231 18:24 i1v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can you ask me, ‘What is bothering you?’ 0 Micah asks this question to emphasize that the Danites definitely know what is bothering him. Alternate translation: “You know that I am greatly distressed!’” or “You know how much I am bothered by what you have done to me!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1232 18:25 yzy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy let us hear you say anything 0 The phrase “us hear you say” refers to the Danites hearing Micah speaking about what had happened, but it also includes if they are told by others that Micah had spoken about what had happened. Alternate translation: “let us find out that you have said anything” or “say anything about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1233 18:25 pgt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit hear you say anything 0 The word “anything” refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micah’s house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “hear you say anything about this matter” or “hear you say anything about what has happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1234 18:25 fqe4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you and your family will be killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “kill you and your family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1235 18:26 g59x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom went their way 0 This means that they continued on their journey. Alternate translation: “continued on their journey” or “continued travelling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1236 18:26 v6df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they were too strong for him 0 This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. Alternate translation: “they were too strong for him and his men to fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1237 18:27 k9py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy what Micah had made 0 Micah did not make his gods, rather a craftsman made them for him. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the things that had been made for Micah” or “Micah’s things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1238 18:27 fw33 Laish 0 See how you translated this in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
1239 18:27 r1pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche with the edge of the sword 0 “with their swords.” Here “the sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1240 18:28 p5rb they had no dealings with anyone 0 this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
1241 18:28 vw28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Rehob 0 This is a name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1242 18:30 z23n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses 0 This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The young Levite’s name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1243 18:30 myi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor until the day of the land’s captivity 0 This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. Alternate translation: “until the day that their enemies conquered their land” or “until the day that their enemies took them captive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1244 18:31 m78z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that he made 0 Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. Alternate translation: “that had been made for him” or “that his craftsman made for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1245 19:intro gj7f 0 # Judges 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The sin of Benjamin\n\nPeople from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor’s wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
1246 19:1 akh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent In those days 0 This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1247 19:1 u1qs remote 0 far from where most people live
1248 19:2 p37k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit was unfaithful to him 0 This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. Alternate translation: “began to sleep with other men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1249 19:3 e9q8 His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys 0 Alternate translation: “He took with him his servant and two donkeys”
1250 19:4 bhr2 His father-in-law, the girl’s father, persuaded 0 Alternate translation: “His father-in-law, that is, the girl’s father, persuaded” or “The girl’s father persuaded”
1251 19:4 v2kw persuaded him to stay 0 Alternate translation: “spoke to him so he decided to stay”
1252 19:5 in6x he prepared 0 the Levite prepared
1253 19:5 kp5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread 0 Here “bread” refers to “food.” Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1254 19:6 j88k Please be willing to spend the night 0 Alternate translation: “Please stay another night”
1255 19:8 a9ur rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Strengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon 0 The father-in-law is suggesting that he strengthen himself by eating. He is also asking him to wait until the afternoon to leave. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel, and wait until afternoon to leave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1256 19:9 lvj4 now the day is advancing toward evening 0 Alternate translation: “the day is almost over” or “it is almost evening”
1257 19:10 amf9 that is Jerusalem 0 Alternate translation: “which was later called Jerusalem”
1258 19:11 l8er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Come, let us 0 This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1259 19:11 k4l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn aside to 0 This means to take a break from their journey and stop somewhere along the route. Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1260 19:12 yc4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn aside into 0 This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1261 19:13 mke2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Come, let us 0 This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1262 19:15 fgr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turned aside 0 This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stopped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1263 19:15 bqt5 the city square 0 the marketplace where people gathered during the day
1264 19:15 w9ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom took them into his house 0 This phrase means for someone to invite them to spend the night in their home. Alternate translation: “invited them to stay in their house for that night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1265 19:16 z1l2 Benjamites 0 A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
1266 19:17 lsd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He raised his eyes 0 Here the man looked up and paid attention to what was around him. Alternate translation: “He looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1267 19:17 h3nh the city square 0 the marketplace where people gathered during the day. See how you translated this in [Judges 19:14](../19/14.md).
1268 19:18 jzg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who will take me into his house 0 This phrase refers to someone inviting other people into his house to spend the night there. Alternate translation: “who has invited me to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1269 19:18 c5ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche will take me 0 Here the Levite says “me,” but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. Alternate translation: “will take us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1270 19:19 he3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive there is bread and wine 0 Change to active voice. Alternate translation: “we have plenty of bread and wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1271 19:19 gw93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person me and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants 0 The Levite speaks of himself and the others as servants and in the third person to show respect. Alternate translation: “me, my concubine, and my servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1272 19:19 w8hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes We lack nothing 0 This can be written as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “We have everything we need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1273 19:20 ep3p Only do not 0 “Do not.” The word “only” is used here to emphasize what he did not want the Levite to do.
1274 19:20 jm1p square 0 This refers to the city square. See how you translated this [Judges 19:17](../19/17.md).
1275 19:21 z5ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom brought the Levite into his house 0 This means that he invited the Levite to spend the night in his house. Also, by inviting the Levite he was inviting the man’s concubine and servant as well. Alternate translation: “invited the Levite and his servants to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1276 19:22 dx6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they were making their hearts glad 0 The phrase “making their hearts glad” is an idiom that means to have a good time with someone else. Alternate translation: “they were have a good time together” or “they were enjoying themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1277 19:22 q1dh some men of & surrounded the house 0 Some men stood on all sides of the house.
1278 19:24 k4nm See 0 This word is used to get the peoples’ attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
1279 19:25 lk3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the men would not listen to him 0 Here the author speaks of “agreeing” as if it were “listening.” Alternate translation: “the men would not accept his offer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1280 19:25 ty8i the man seized his concubine 0 there could be confusion as to the identity of the man. Alternate translation: “the Levite seized his concubine”
1281 19:25 d28f at dawn 0 “when the sun was coming up” or “at first light” This refers to when the sun begins to rise.
1282 19:26 irp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom it was light 0 This refers to morning when it is bright outside. Alternate translation: “the sun was fully risen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1283 19:28 gk5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But there was no answer 0 The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But she did not answer because she was dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1284 19:29 r79a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom limb by limb 0 “section by section.” The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. “Limbs” refers to a person’s arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1285 19:29 fx7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twelve pieces 0 “12 pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1286 19:29 xd3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel 0 This means that he sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. Alternate translation: “sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1287 20:intro lla1 0 # Judges 20 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Benjamin destroyed\n\nThe army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant.
1288 20:1 wg4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as one man 0 This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1289 20:1 jp6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from Dan to Beersheba 0 This refers to the land as a whole. Alternate translation: “from all the eleven tribes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1290 20:2 ze7s God—400,000 men on foot 0 Alternate translation: “God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came”
1291 20:2 hzs8 ready to fight 0 “capable of going to war.” They were not going to fight each other.
1292 20:3 sl7g Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew.
1293 20:3 x8r4 had gone up to Mizpah 0 Mizpah was located high in the mountains.
1294 20:4 sa27 to spend the night 0 Alternate translation: “for the night” or “to stay for a night”
1295 20:6 gkc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys wickedness and outrage 0 The word “outrage” describes the “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “outrageous wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1296 20:7 h9h3 Now 0 This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite.
1297 20:7 wp5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet give your advice and counsel here 0 The words “advice” and “counsel” refer to the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “decide what we need to do about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1298 20:8 s9g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as one 0 This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. They all acted together in exactly the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1299 20:8 s835 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism None of us will go to his tent & none of us will return to his house 0 These two clauses say basically the same thing twice for emphasis. They can be combined. The words “none … go” and “none … return” emphasizes how the people will continue to stay there. They can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will all stay here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1300 20:9 xy7l But now 0 These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation.
1301 20:9 l369 as the lot directs 0 This involved tossing or rolling small marked stones to determine what God wants.
1302 20:10 wsa9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten men of a hundred & one hundred of a thousand & one thousand of ten thousand 0 “10 men out of 100 … 100 out of 1,000 … 1,000 out of 10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1303 20:10 mm9k provisions 0 food and other things the people need
1304 20:11 wfs1 assembled against the city 0 Alternate translation: “came together to attack the city”
1305 20:13 m9f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom put them to death 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them” or “execute them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1306 20:13 n1zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the voice of their brothers 0 Here “voice” refers to the message that they spoke. Alternate translation: “what their brother said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1307 20:15 s9ku rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-six thousand 0 “26,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1308 20:15 g1vk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seven hundred 0 “700” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1309 20:16 a8xm left-handed 0 A left-handed person is someone who is more skilled with their left hand than with their right hand.
1310 20:16 u1tj could sling a stone at a hair and not miss 0 This show how amazingly well they could aim and hit their target. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “could throw a stone at even a hair and hit it” or “could throw a stone at something as small as a hair and hit it”
1311 20:17 apy5 not counting 0 Alternate translation: “not including”
1312 20:17 g8sz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 400,000 0 “four hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1313 20:18 w2v7 asked for advice from God 0 Alternate translation: “asked God what to do” or “asked God how to continue”
1314 20:19 k8jq moved their camp near Gibeah 0 There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight.
1315 20:21 vj4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-two thousand 0 “22,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1316 20:22 cr9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom strengthened themselves 0 Here “strengthened” is an idiom that means they encouraged each other. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1317 20:22 wb6t they formed the battle line 0 This probably means that the Israelites prepared their battle lines for the next day’s fighting. Alternate translation: “they got ready to fight the next day”
1318 20:23 cpc2 they sought direction from Yahweh 0 The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine God’s will.
1319 20:25 t59r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighteen thousand 0 “18,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1320 20:26 y97x before Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence” or “to Yahweh”
1321 20:27 usm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days 0 This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1322 20:27 cs7a was there in those days 0 Alternate translation: “was at Bethel in those days”
1323 20:28 ly8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background and Phinehas & was serving before the ark in those days 0 This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1324 20:28 d9ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit was serving before the ark 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “was serving as priest before the ark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1325 20:28 w427 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Attack 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Attack the army of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1326 20:29 f7uq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Israel set men 0 Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1327 20:29 k5i5 secret places 0 Alternate translation: “in ambush”
1328 20:31 t9eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit fought against the people 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1329 20:31 d8me rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they were drawn away from the city 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel drew them away from the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1330 20:31 z77c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They began to kill some of the people 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1331 20:32 e81w just as at first 0 Alternate translation: “just as before” or “just like the first two times”
1332 20:33 a2ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baal Tamar 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1333 20:33 swx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Maareh Gibeah 0 This is the name of a place. Other translations may read “fields of Gibeah” or “west of Gibeah” or “Maareh Geba.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1334 20:34 de7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousand 0 “10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1335 20:34 wk8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom chosen men 0 This is an idiom that means these were particularly good soldiers. Alternate translation: “well-trained soldier” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1336 20:34 p4k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor disaster was close to them 0 Here immanent disaster is spoken of as if it was standing very close by them. Alternate translation: “they would soon be completely defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1337 20:35 bt91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 25,100 men 0 “twenty-five thousand one hundred men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1338 20:36 mrd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men & outside Gibeah 0 From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1339 20:36 i3ru rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom had given ground to Benjamin 0 This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. Alternate translation: “had allowed Benjamin to move forward” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1340 20:36 sq9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they were counting on the men 0 This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1341 20:39 t29b would turn from the battle 0 Alternate translation: “would retreat from the fight”
1342 20:39 vbr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they are defeated before us 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we have defeated them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1343 20:41 ltm1 disaster 0 great harm, trouble, misery
1344 20:41 jg8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom come on them 0 This idiom means it happened to them. Alternate translation: “happened to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1345 20:42 pdp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification But the fighting overtook them 0 This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them” or “But they were not able to escape the fighting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1346 20:43 xh56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nohah 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1347 20:43 cis4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor trampled them down 0 The completed destruction of the Benjamites is spoken of as if the Israelites stomped on their bodies. Alternate translation: “they completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1348 20:44 jd79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighteen thousand 0 “18,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1349 20:44 c8tw were distinguished in battle 0 Alternate translation: “had fought bravely in the battle”
1350 20:45 akn8 They turned and fled 0 Alternate translation: “The remaining Benjamites turned and fled”
1351 20:45 e3cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers five thousand & two thousand 0 “5,000 … 2,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1352 20:45 y3ry rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gidom 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1353 20:46 d674 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-five thousand 0 “25,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1354 20:47 h1ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers six hundred 0 “600” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1355 20:48 h7m3 turned back against the people of Benjamin 0 These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city.
1356 20:48 l4rw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city 0 Here “the city” refers to the people in that city. Alternate translation: “everyone who was in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1357 20:48 ue39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in their path 0 This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. Alternate translation: “they came to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1358 21:intro bf76 0 # Judges 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sin and immorality\n\nAt the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, “everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1359 21:1 w65e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now the men of Israel had made a promise & marry a Benjamite.” 0 This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1360 21:1 rw2t Benjamite 0 This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
1361 21:3 q8cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today? 0 The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1362 21:5 xs35 The people of Israel said, “Which of all the tribes of Israel did not come up in the assembly to Yahweh?” 0 The people are referring back to the assembly of the Israelites at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites.
1363 21:5 p72f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background For they had made an important promise concerning anyone who did not come up to Yahweh at Mizpah. They said, “He would certainly be put to death.” 0 This is background information to explain to the reader the promise that the Israelites had made at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1364 21:5 flc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He would certainly be put to death 0 Here “He” refers to anyone who did not go to Mizpah. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1365 21:6 yb7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their brother Benjamin 0 This speaks of the tribe of Benjamin as if it were Israel’s brother to show their closeness to the tribe. Alternate translation: “the surviving Benjamites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1366 21:6 j93p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor one tribe has been cut off from Israel 0 The destruction of the tribe of Benjamin is spoken of as if it had been cut off from Israel by a knife. This was an exaggeration because 600 men were still left. However, the women of Benjamin had been killed, so the future of the tribe was in question. Alternate translation: “one tribe has been removed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1367 21:7 dms9 Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters? 0 The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that.
1368 21:8 vtf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jabesh Gilead 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1369 21:9 jyg7 people were set out in an orderly manner 0 Alternate translation: “people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for”
1370 21:9 qs2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there 0 This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1371 21:10 p52b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twelve thousand 0 “12,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1372 21:10 qw5x strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children 0 The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction.
1373 21:10 ajh8 strike & with the edge of the sword 0 Alternate translation: “kill … with their swords”
1374 21:12 n2u2 Jabesh Gilead 0 This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
1375 21:12 ani7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers four hundred young women 0 “400 young women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1376 21:12 w47b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism who had not known a man by lying with him 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “who had not had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1377 21:13 c39b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns they were offering them peace 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they wanted to stop fighting with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1378 21:14 h1ad Jabesh Gilead 0 This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
1379 21:14 iu7g there were not enough women for all of them 0 There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead.
1380 21:15 v114 made a division between the tribes of Israel 0 Alternate translation: “had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified”
1381 21:16 sc2b Benjamites 0 This refers to the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
1382 21:16 rgy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the women of Benjamin have been killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we killed all the Benjamite women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1383 21:17 mk7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole There must be an inheritance & is not destroyed from Israel 0 The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1384 21:18 qnk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a wife to Benjamin 0 Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “a wife to the men of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1385 21:19 u453 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah 0 This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1386 21:19 m2hz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lebonah 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1387 21:21 am3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit each one of you should grab a wife & go back to the land of Benjamin 0 It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1388 21:22 z5gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Show us favor 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1389 21:22 zsi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit because we did not get wives for each man during the war 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1390 21:22 pcc6 You are innocent & not give your daughters to them 0 This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.
1391 21:23 ng9r the number of wives that they needed 0 This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead ([Judges 21:14](../21/14.md)).
1392 21:25 b8xe there was no king in Israel 0 Alternate translation: “Israel did not yet have a king”
1393 21:25 d46g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was right in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what he judged to be right” or “what he considered to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])