diff --git a/tn_2CO.tsv b/tn_2CO.tsv index b6892beb07..6bda4b1c88 100644 --- a/tn_2CO.tsv +++ b/tn_2CO.tsv @@ -517,9 +517,9 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 4:18 f97x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ τὰ μὴ βλεπόμενα 1 This clause leaves out some words that many languages might need to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the first half of the sentence. Alternate translation: “but we are watching the things not being seen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 4:18 hbrg rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why **We** are **watching** the things that are not seen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces further explanation. Alternate translation: “We do that because” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) 4:18 kx7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὰ γὰρ βλεπόμενα & τὰ δὲ μὴ βλεπόμενα 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, you could refer to “we” or to people in general. Alternate translation: “For the things that people see … but the things that people do not see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -5:intro s14p 0 # 2 Corinthians 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n4. Paul’s ministry (2:14–7:4)\n * Confidence in the resurrection (5:1–10)\n * The gospel (5:11–6:2)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Resurrection bodies\n\nIn [5:1–5](../05/01.md), Paul speaks about new bodies that believers will receive when Jesus comes back. Right now, he and those with him “groan” while they have their current bodies. That is because these bodies are weak and will eventually die. However, Paul and those with him do not want to just get rid of their bodies. Rather, they are looking forward expectantly to receiving new bodies that will not die. Paul expresses these ideas by using building and clothing language. See the sections below that address how this language functions. Make sure that your translation clearly contrasts old bodies with new bodies and does not suggest that Paul just wants to get rid of his body. \n\n### The intermediate state?\n\nIn [5:6–9](../05/06.md), Paul speaks about being “away from the body” and “with the Lord.” As the previous section has illustrated, Paul’s goal is to have a new body, not to be “away from the body.” So, what is he referring to here? There are three primary options. First, many Christians believe that Paul is talking about the time period between when a believer dies and when Jesus comes back. During this time period, the believer does not have a body but is with Jesus in heaven. Then, when Jesus comes back, the believer receives a new body. Second, some Christians believe that Paul is talking about how believers receive new bodies immediately after they die. In other words, the next thing that a believer experiences after he or she dies is Jesus’ return. In this case, there is no time period between death and resurrection. Third, some Christians believe that Paul is speaking about how believers receive a temporary body for the time they are in heaven with Jesus before he comes back. If possible, your translation should allow for all three of these interpretations. Make sure that you include at least option one, since this is the option that most Christians believe. \n\n### New creation\n\nIn [5:17](../05/17.md), Paul speaks about how being “in Christ” leads to “new creation,” with “old things” passing away and “new things” coming. Paul uses very general language, and the “new creation” could identify the person who is “in Christ” or everything that God is making “new.” If it is about people primarily, Paul’s point is that they are made “new” when they are in Christ. If it is about the world in general, Paul’s point is that God makes the world “new” in Christ, and people experience this “new creation” when they too are in Christ. Since Paul’s language is so general, it is best to express the idea in such a way that both of these interpretations are possible. If you must choose one, most interpreters think that Paul is focusing on people here. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/creation]])\n\n### Reconciliation\n\nIn [5:18–20](../05/18.md), Paul speaks about how God “reconciles” people to himself and gives the “ministry of reconciliation” to Paul and those with him. The word “reconcile” refers to how someone restores a relationship with someone else so that they can be together again. In other words, when someone does something that breaks or hurts a relationship, “reconciliation” heals the broken relationship. Consider how you might naturally express this idea in your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Bodies as homes\n\nIn [5:1–9](../05/01.md), Paul speaks about bodies as if they were homes. He identifies current earthly bodies as “tents,” which indicates that they do not last. He identifies resurrection bodies as “buildings” that God makes. Paul uses the language of “home” to indicate that people belong in bodies and not without bodies. However, he does seem to think that people can be without bodies for a period of time, just as people can leave their homes for a period of time (see the above discussion of the “intermediate state”). Further, he contrasts “tent” homes with “building” homes to indicate that the “building” is the home (that is, body) that will last forever and which believers should long for. If possible, preserve the “home” language in your translation, either in metaphor or simile form. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/house]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/tent]])\n\n### Bodies as clothing\n\nIn [5:2–4](../05/02.md), Paul mixes “clothing” language in with his “home” language. The “clothes” are bodies, and Paul again uses this language to indicate that people belong in bodies (“clothed”), not without bodies (“naked” or “unclothed”). He does not use “clothing” language to show that bodies are an unimportant part of who people are. If possible, preserve the “clothing” language in your translation, either in metaphor or simile form. However, if how Paul mixes together “home” and “clothing” language would be confusing, you may need to use only the “home” language and express the “clothing” language plainly or as “home” language. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/clothed]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Exclusive “we”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul uses the first person plural. When he uses this form, he is focusing on himself and those with him, or just on himself (although this is less likely). However, he does not necessarily mean that what he says is not true of the Corinthians or of believers in general. Consider how you can communicate the focus on Paul and those with him without totally excluding the Corinthians. In every case where Paul may be using the first person plural in a way different than this, a note will explain the options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])\n\n### Singular nouns in general statements\n\nIn [5:1–10](../05/01.md), Paul consistently refers to “body,” “building,” “tent,” and “home” in singular form. He does this because the singular form was a natural way to refer to these things in general. Throughout this section, the UST models how to express the ideas in plural form, since this is more natural for general statements in English. Consider how your language might naturally express a general statement about “bodies.” \n\n### Translating [5:21](../05/21.md)\n\nPaul speaks in a very compressed way in this verse, and Christians disagree about what exactly he means. What is relatively clear is that Paul has in mind what some people call an “interchange” between Christ and believers. Christ, who is “righteous,” is somehow identified with “sin,” and believers, who are “sinners,” are somehow identified with “righteousness.” The “in him” at the end of the verse indicates that this interchange occurs in union with Christ. For details about what it could mean for Christ to be “made sin” and for believers to “become the righteousness of God,” see the notes on this verse. If possible, however, your translation should be as general as Paul’s sentence. This means that you should express the general idea of interchange and allow for many of the possible interpretations listed in the notes. +5:intro s14p 0 # 2 Corinthians 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n4. Paul’s ministry (2:14–7:4)\n * Confidence in the resurrection (5:1–10)\n * The gospel (5:11–6:2)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Resurrection bodies\n\nIn [5:1–5](../05/01.md), Paul speaks about new bodies that believers will receive when Jesus comes back. Right now, he and his fellow workers groan while they have their current bodies. That is because these bodies are weak and will eventually die. However, Paul and his fellow workers do not want to just get rid of their bodies. Rather, they are looking forward expectantly to receiving new bodies that will not die. Paul expresses these ideas by using building and clothing language. See the sections below that address how this language functions. Make sure that your translation clearly contrasts old bodies with new bodies and does not suggest that Paul just wants to get rid of his body. \n\n### The intermediate state?\n\nIn [5:6–9](../05/06.md), Paul speaks about being away from the body and with the Lord. As the previous section has illustrated, Paul’s goal is to have a new body, not to be “away from the body.” So, what is he referring to here? There are three primary options. First, many Christians believe that Paul is talking about the time period between when a believer dies and when Jesus comes back. During this time period, the believer does not have a body but is with Jesus in heaven. Then, when Jesus comes back, the believer receives a new body. Second, some Christians believe that Paul is talking about how believers receive new bodies immediately after they die. In other words, the next thing that a believer experiences after he or she dies is Jesus’ return. In this case, there is no time period between death and resurrection. Third, some Christians believe that Paul is speaking about how believers receive a temporary body for the time they are in heaven with Jesus before he comes back. If possible, your translation should allow for all three of these interpretations. Make sure that you include at least option one, since this is the option that most Christians believe. \n\n### New creation\n\nIn [5:17](../05/17.md), Paul speaks about how being “in Christ” leads to “new creation,” with “old things” passing away and “new things” coming. Paul uses very general language, and the “new creation” could identify the person who is “in Christ” or everything that God is making “new.” If it is about people primarily, Paul’s point is that they are made “new” when they are in Christ. If it is about the world in general, Paul’s point is that God makes the world “new” in Christ, and people experience this “new creation” when they too are in Christ. Since Paul’s language is so general, it is best to express the idea in such a way that both of these interpretations are possible. If you must choose one, most interpreters think that Paul is focusing on people here. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/creation]])\n\n### Reconciliation\n\nIn [5:18–20](../05/18.md), Paul speaks about how God reconciles people to himself and gives the ministry of reconciliation to Paul and his fellow workers. The word “reconcile” refers to how someone restores a relationship with someone else so that they can be together again. In other words, when someone does something that breaks or hurts a relationship, “reconciliation” heals the broken relationship. Consider how you might naturally express this idea in your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Bodies as homes\n\nIn [5:1–9](../05/01.md), Paul speaks about bodies as if they were homes. He identifies current earthly bodies as “tents,” which indicates that they do not last. He identifies resurrection bodies as “buildings” that God makes. Paul uses the language of “home” to indicate that people belong in bodies and not without bodies. However, he does seem to think that people can be without bodies for a period of time, just as people can leave their homes for a period of time (see the above discussion of the “intermediate state”). Further, he contrasts “tent” homes with “building” homes to indicate that the “building” is the home (that is, body) that will last forever and which believers should long for. If possible, preserve the “home” language in your translation, either in metaphor or simile form. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/house]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/tent]])\n\n### Bodies as clothing\n\nIn [5:2–4](../05/02.md), Paul mixes clothing language in with his home language. The clothes are bodies, and Paul again uses this language to indicate that people belong in bodies (clothed), not without bodies (naked or unclothed). He does not use clothing language to show that bodies are an unimportant part of who people are. If possible, preserve the clothing language in your translation, either in metaphor or simile form. However, if how Paul mixes together home and clothing language would be confusing, you may need to use only the home language and express the clothing language plainly or as home language. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/clothed]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Exclusive “we”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul uses the first person plural. When he uses this form, he is focusing on himself and his fellow workers, or just on himself (although this is less likely). However, he does not necessarily mean that what he says is not true of the Corinthians or of believers in general. Consider how you can communicate the focus on Paul and his fellow workers without totally excluding the Corinthians. In every case where Paul may be using the first person plural in a way different than this, a note will explain the options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])\n\n### Singular nouns in general statements\n\nIn [5:1–10](../05/01.md), Paul consistently refers to “body,” “building,” “tent,” and “home” in singular form. He does this because the singular form was a natural way to refer to these things in general. Throughout this section, the UST models how to express the ideas in plural form, since this is more natural for general statements in English. Consider how your language might naturally express a general statement about “bodies.” \n\n### Translating [5:21](../05/21.md)\n\nPaul speaks in a very compressed way in this verse, and Christians disagree about what exactly he means. What is relatively clear is that Paul has in mind what some people call an “interchange” between Christ and believers. Christ, who is “righteous,” is somehow identified with “sin,” and believers, who are “sinners,” are somehow identified with “righteousness.” The “in him” at the end of the verse indicates that this interchange occurs in union with Christ. For details about what it could mean for Christ to be “made sin” and for believers to “become the righteousness of God,” see the notes on this verse. If possible, however, your translation should be as general as Paul’s sentence. This means that you should express the general idea of interchange and allow for many of the possible interpretations listed in the notes. 5:1 p7b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** could introduce: (1) an explanation of what Paul said in [4:18](../04/18.md). Alternate translation: “In fact,” (2) an example or illustration of what Paul said in [4:18](../04/18.md). Alternate translation: “For example,” (3) a basis for what Paul said in [4:18](../04/18.md). Alternate translation: “That is because” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) -5:1 v03z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive οἴδαμεν & ἡμῶν & ἔχομεν 1 Here and throughout this chapter, Paul uses the first person plural. See the chapter introduction for more information on how to translate these words. Here, the words **we** and **our** could refer to: (1) just Paul and those with him. Paul is focusing on himself and those with him, but he does not mean to exclude the Corinthians entirely. Alternate translation: “we who preach the gospel … our … we have” (2) Paul and everyone who believes, including the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “all of us know … our … we have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +5:1 v03z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive οἴδαμεν & ἡμῶν & ἔχομεν 1 Here and throughout this chapter, Paul uses the first person plural. See the chapter introduction for more information on how to translate these words. Here, the words **we** and **our** could refer to: (1) just Paul and his fellow workers. Paul is focusing on himself and his fellow workers, but he does not mean to exclude the Corinthians entirely. Alternate translation: “we who preach the gospel … our … we have” (2) Paul and everyone who believes, including the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “all of us know … our … we have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) 5:1 la71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact ἐὰν 1 Here, the word **if** could introduce: (1) something that Paul thinks will definitely happen, but he is not sure when. Alternate translation: “whenever” (2) something that Paul thinks might happen. Alternate translation: “even if” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]]) 5:1 z4vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor ἡ ἐπίγειος ἡμῶν οἰκία τοῦ σκήνους καταλυθῇ, οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ Θεοῦ ἔχομεν, οἰκίαν ἀχειροποίητον αἰώνιον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Here Paul speaks as if a person’s body were a **house**, **tent**, or **building** in which that the person lives. This was a common way to refer to a person’s body in Paul’s culture. He identifies the current body as a **tent** that is **torn down** because this body will die. He describes the body that a person will have when God resurrects them as a **building from God** and an **eternal house** that is **not made with hands**. This is an important metaphor in [5:1–9](../05/01.md), so preserve the **house**, **tent**, and **building** language if possible. If it would be helpful, you could use a simile or identify the **house** in another natural way. Alternate translation: “our earthly house of this tent, that is, our mortal body, is torn down, we have a building from God, that is, our resurrection body, an eternal house in the heavens, not made with hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) 5:1 zy2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἡ ἐπίγειος ἡμῶν οἰκία τοῦ σκήνους καταλυθῇ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who does the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “someone tears down our earthly house of this tent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 5:3 ap7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐ & εὑρεθησόμεθα 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form to focus on the state of being **naked** rather than on who “finds” them, so you should avoid stating a subject for **found**. Alternate translation: “we will not be” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 5:4 zvz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ γὰρ 1 Here, the phrase **For indeed** indicates that Paul is adding more information (**indeed**) that supports what he said in the previous two verses (**For**). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use words that introduce added information that supports a previous statement. Alternate translation: “Further” or “And in fact” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 5:4 bz6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor οἱ ὄντες ἐν τῷ σκήνει & οὐ θέλομεν ἐκδύσασθαι, ἀλλ’ ἐπενδύσασθαι 1 Here Paul continues to speak of bodies as buildings and clothing. You should express the ideas as you did in [5:1–3](../05/01.md). Alternate translation: “the ones being in this tent, that is, our mortal body … we do not want to be homeless, but to have a home” or “the ones being in this tent, that is, this body … we do not want to have no body, which is like being unclothed, but to have a resurrection body, which is like being fully clothed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) -5:4 e34b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor βαρούμενοι 1 Here Paul speaks as if he and those with him were carrying a heavy burden. He means that something is making their lives difficult. The burden could be: (1) how the **tent**, that is, their current bodies, falls apart and dies. Alternate translation: “being distressed by it” (2) how other people's situations make life hard for them. Alternate translation: “being troubled by many people and things” or “being oppressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +5:4 e34b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor βαρούμενοι 1 Here Paul speaks as if he and his fellow workers were carrying a heavy burden. He means that something is making their lives difficult. The burden could be: (1) how the **tent**, that is, their current bodies, falls apart and dies. Alternate translation: “being distressed by it” (2) how other people's situations make life hard for them. Alternate translation: “being troubled by many people and things” or “being oppressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:4 g9yu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive βαρούμενοι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Paul implies that either the **tent** (their mortal bodies) or other people and things did it. Make sure your translation fits with how you chose to express the metaphor in the previous note. Alternate translation: “the tent burdening us” or “many people and things burdening us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 5:4 f8rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐ θέλομεν ἐκδύσασθαι, ἀλλ’ ἐπενδύσασθαι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Paul uses the passive form to focus on the state of being **unclothed** or **clothed** rather than on whoever clothes or unclothes them, so you should avoid stating a subject for **unclothed** and **clothed**. Alternate translation: “we do not want to be naked, but to have clothes on” or “we do not want to have no clothing, but to wear clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 5:4 nezo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ἐπενδύσασθαι 1 This clause leaves out some words that many languages might need to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from earlier in the verse. Alternate translation: “but we want to be fully clothed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) @@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 5:21 kmt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession δικαιοσύνη Θεοῦ 1 Here Paul uses the possessive form to describe **righteousness** that could: (1) come from **God**. Alternate translation: “righteousness from God” (2) belong to **God**. Alternate translation: “God’s own righteousness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) 5:21 ebz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡμεῖς γενώμεθα δικαιοσύνη Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the idea by using an adjective such as “righteous.” Make sure your translation fits with how you understand what **righteousness of God** means. Alternate translation: “God might make us righteous” or “we might be righteous because of what God does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 5:21 cypg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν αὐτῷ 1 Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor **in him** to describe the union of believers with Christ. In this case, being **in him**, or united to Christ, explains how people **become the righteousness of God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that being united to Christ is the means by which people receive the **righteousness**. Alternate translation: “by being united to him” or “as God unites us to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -6:intro f5qu 0 # 2 Corinthians 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n4. Paul’s ministry (2:14–7:4)\n * The gospel (5:11–6:2)\n * Proofs of ministry (6:3–10)\n * Join with fellow believers, not unbelievers (6:11–7:4)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the quotations from the Old Testament in [6:2](../06/02.md) and [6:16–18](../06/16.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Commendation of ministry\n\nIn [6:3–4](../06/03.md), Paul tells the Corinthians that he avoids doing anything that would cause offense and lead to people blaming ministry. In fact, he and those with him “commend themselves” in many ways, and he provides a list of those ways in [6:4–10](../06/04.md). Paul commends their ministry in this way because other people in Corinth were claiming that Paul was not a good apostle or minister for Christ. They claimed that they were better ministers for Christ. Paul responds here by listing what he and those with him do and experience as true ministers of Christ. Make sure that you express the list so that it shows that Paul and those with him are true ministers of Christ. \n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### “Weapons of righteousness”\n\nIn [6:7](../06/07.md), Paul states that he and his fellow workers have “weapons of righteousness” for both hands. He could mean that “righteousness”: (1) is the “weapons” (2) is defended by the “weapons” (3) characterizes the “weapons.” Also the idea that the “weapons” are for both hands could indicate that: (1) Paul and those with him have an offensive weapon in one hand and a defensive weapon in the other hand (2) Paul and those with him can defend against enemies coming from any direction. Paul does not state whom he is fighting against with these “weapons,” but it is probably sin, evil powers, and people who oppose his ministry. See the notes on this verse for translation options. \n\n### “Opening” the heart\n\nIn [6:11–13](../06/11.md), Paul speaks about opening the heart and, in contrast, being restricted. He is speaking about loving other people as if it were an open heart and failing to love other people as it were a restriction in one’s insides. If your culture can express the idea of love by referring to where in their bodies people feel love, you could do so in these verses. Otherwise, you could use a comparable metaphor or plain language. See the notes on these verses for translation options. \n\n### The temple of the living God\n\nIn [6:16](../06/16.md), Paul claims that believers are the temple of the living God. In the last part of the verse, he quotes from the Old Testament to prove that this is true. This quotation also shows that the identification of God’s people with the temple indicates that God is with his people and treats them as his people. Since the temple is a very important part of Paul’s culture, you should preserve the temple language. If your readers would not understand the metaphor, you could express it as a simile or explain it in a footnote. See the notes on this verse for translation options. \n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn [6:14–16](../06/14.md), Paul asks five questions, and each question assumes that the answer is “none” or “nothing.” Paul asks these questions to include the Corinthians in what he is arguing, not because he is looking for information. If your language does not use questions in this way, you could include answers to the questions, or you could express them as negative statements. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### The long list in [6:4–10](../06/04.md)\n\nThese verses contain one long list of the situations and ways in which Paul and those with him commend their ministry. This list is divided into three parts. Each part uses a repeated form for each item. The first part uses the word “in” ([6:4–7a](../06/04.md)), the second part uses the word “through” ([6:7b–8a](../06/07.md)), and the third part uses the words “as” and “yet” or “but” ([6:8b–10](../06/08.md)). If possible, represent these parts in your language by using repeated words or some other natural form. Consider whether a long list like this would be natural in your language. The UST models one possible way to divide the list up into shorter sentences. \n\n### Exclusive “we”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul uses the first person plural. When he uses this form, he is focusing on himself and those with him, or just on himself (although this is less likely). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +6:intro f5qu 0 # 2 Corinthians 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n4. Paul’s ministry (2:14–7:4)\n * The gospel (5:11–6:2)\n * Proofs of ministry (6:3–10)\n * Join with fellow believers, not unbelievers (6:11–7:4)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the quotations from the Old Testament in [6:2](../06/02.md) and [6:16–18](../06/16.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Commendation of ministry\n\nIn [6:3–4](../06/03.md), Paul tells the Corinthians that he avoids doing anything that would cause offense and lead to people blaming ministry. In fact, he and his fellow workers “commend themselves” in many ways, and he provides a list of those ways in [6:4–10](../06/04.md). Paul commends their ministry in this way because other people in Corinth were claiming that Paul was not a good apostle or minister for Christ. They claimed that they were better ministers for Christ. Paul responds here by listing what he and his fellow workers do and experience as true ministers of Christ. Make sure that you express the list so that it shows that Paul and those with him are true ministers of Christ. \n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### “Weapons of righteousness”\n\nIn [6:7](../06/07.md), Paul states that he and his fellow workers have “weapons of righteousness” for both hands. He could mean that “righteousness”: (1) is the “weapons” (2) is defended by the “weapons” (3) characterizes the “weapons.” Also the idea that the “weapons” are for both hands could indicate that: (1) Paul and his fellow workers have an offensive weapon in one hand and a defensive weapon in the other hand (2) Paul and his fellow workers can defend against enemies coming from any direction. Paul does not state whom he is fighting against with these “weapons,” but it is probably sin, evil powers, and people who oppose his ministry. See the notes on this verse for translation options. \n\n### “Opening” the heart\n\nIn [6:11–13](../06/11.md), Paul speaks about opening the heart and, in contrast, being restricted. He is speaking about loving other people as if it were an open heart and failing to love other people as it were a restriction in one’s insides. If your culture can express the idea of love by referring to where in their bodies people feel love, you could do so in these verses. Otherwise, you could use a comparable metaphor or plain language. See the notes on these verses for translation options. \n\n### The temple of the living God\n\nIn [6:16](../06/16.md), Paul claims that believers are the temple of the living God. In the last part of the verse, he quotes from the Old Testament to prove that this is true. This quotation also shows that the identification of God’s people with the temple indicates that God is with his people and treats them as his people. Since the temple is a very important part of Paul’s culture, you should preserve the temple language. If your readers would not understand the metaphor, you could express it as a simile or explain it in a footnote. See the notes on this verse for translation options. \n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn [6:14–16](../06/14.md), Paul asks five questions, and each question assumes that the answer is “none” or “nothing.” Paul asks these questions to include the Corinthians in what he is arguing, not because he is looking for information. If your language does not use questions in this way, you could include answers to the questions, or you could express them as negative statements. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### The long list in [6:4–10](../06/04.md)\n\nThese verses contain one long list of the situations and ways in which Paul and his fellow workers commend their ministry. This list is divided into three parts. Each part uses a repeated form for each item. The first part uses the word “in” ([6:4–7a](../06/04.md)), the second part uses the word “through” ([6:7b–8a](../06/07.md)), and the third part uses the words “as” and “yet” or “but” ([6:8b–10](../06/08.md)). If possible, represent these parts in your language by using repeated words or some other natural form. Consider whether a long list like this would be natural in your language. The UST models one possible way to divide the list up into shorter sentences. \n\n### Exclusive “we”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul uses the first person plural. When he uses this form, he is focusing on himself and his fellow workers, or just on himself (although this is less likely). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) 6:1 kf1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces his development of the ideas from the previous verses, especially from [5:20–21](../05/20.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a development, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 6:1 tbr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit συνεργοῦντες 1 Here Paul does not directly state **with** whom he is **working**. He could be implying that he works **with**: (1) God, since God is the subject of the previous sentence. Alternate translation: “working together with God” (2) the Corinthians, since they are the ones whom is “urging.” Alternate translation: “working together with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 6:1 x4hc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive καὶ, παρακαλοῦμεν 1 Here and throughout this chapter, **we** does not include the Corinthians. The first person plural could refer to: (1) Paul and those who work with him. Alternate translation: “we who preach the good news also urge” (2) just Paul. Alternate translation: “I also urge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) @@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 6:2 qrdt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σωτηρίας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **salvation**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “save.” Alternate translation: “when I saved” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 6:2 sa94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ, νῦν -1 Here, the words **Behold** and **Look** draw the attention of the audience and ask them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea with words or phrases that ask the audience to listen, or you could use another form that draws the audience’s attention to the statements that follow. Alternate translation: “Pay attention! Now … Pay attention! Now” or “Listen, now … Now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) 6:2 j4k4 καιρὸς εὐπρόσδεκτος & ἡμέρα σωτηρίας 1 Here, the phrases **a day of salvation** and **a favorable time** repeat the words from the quotation exactly, except Paul uses a word that emphasizes that the **time** is good (**favorable**) instead of just appropriate (**acceptable**). Use the form that you used in the quotation, although, if possible, use a word for good **time** instead of just **acceptable time**. Alternate translation: “is a time that God considers good … is a time of salvation” or “is a time appropriate for God … is a time when God gives salvation” -6:3 shtt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure διδόντες 1 Here, the word **giving** goes with the clause “we also urge you” in [6:1](../06/01.md). It introduces an explanation of how Paul and those with him serve God. In most languages, it is best to begin a new sentence with this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that clearly links back to “we also urge” from [6:1](../06/01.md). If you use the following alternate translation, you will need to end the previous verse with a period. Alternate translation: “As we urge you to receive the grace God, we give” or “As we serve God, we give” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) +6:3 shtt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure διδόντες 1 Here, the word **giving** goes with the clause “we also urge you” in [6:1](../06/01.md). It introduces an explanation of how Paul and his fellow workers serve God. In most languages, it is best to begin a new sentence with this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that clearly links back to “we also urge” from [6:1](../06/01.md). If you use the following alternate translation, you will need to end the previous verse with a period. Alternate translation: “As we urge you to receive the grace God, we give” or “As we serve God, we give” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) 6:3 v3wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μηδεμίαν & διδόντες προσκοπήν 1 Here, the phrase **giving no cause for offense** refers to how a person acts so that others are not offended. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form. Alternate translation: “avoiding provoking others” or “doing nothing that could cause offense” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 6:3 sv9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν μηδενὶ 1 Here, the phrase **in anything** could refer to: (1) actions and behavior. Alternate translation: “in whatever we do” (2) people. Alternate translation: “among anybody” or “to any person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 6:3 he3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μὴ μωμηθῇ ἡ διακονία 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who does the action, Paul could be implying that: (1) other people would do it. Alternate translation: “others might not blame our ministry” (2) God. Alternate translation: “God might not blame our ministry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -696,33 +696,33 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 6:7 cr55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy λόγῳ 1 Here, the word **word** represents what someone says in words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the message” or “the communication” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 6:7 dui6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ἐν λόγῳ ἀληθείας 1 Here Paul could use the possessive to describe: (1) a **word** about the **truth**. Alternate translation: “in the word about the truth” (2) a **word** that is characterized by **truth**. Alternate translation: “the truthful word” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) 6:7 p5l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ 1 Here Paul uses the possessive form to describe **power** that comes from **God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in the power that comes from God” or “in power given by God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -6:7 ef5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor διὰ τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν 1 Here speaks as if **righteousness** were **weapons** for **the right hand and the left**. He means that the righteous way in which he and those with him live their lives is like armor and swords which they use to protect themselves and fight against enemies. Paul does not state who the enemy is, but he implies that it is anyone and anything that acts against God and the gospel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea with simile form or in plain language. Alternate translation: “through righteousness, which is like weapons for the right hand and the left” or “through righteousness, which protects us from God’s enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +6:7 ef5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor διὰ τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν 1 Here speaks as if **righteousness** were **weapons** for **the right hand and the left**. He means that the righteous way in which he and his fellow workers live their lives is like armor and swords which they use to protect themselves and fight against enemies. Paul does not state who the enemy is, but he implies that it is anyone and anything that acts against God and the gospel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea with simile form or in plain language. Alternate translation: “through righteousness, which is like weapons for the right hand and the left” or “through righteousness, which protects us from God’s enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:7 gg43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 Here Paul uses the possessive form to describe **weapons** that could: (1) be **righteousness**. Alternate translation: “the weapons, which are righteousness,” (2) come from or be because of **righteousness**. Alternate translation: “the weapons that righteous provides” or “the weapons that come from righteousness” (3) defend or fight for **righteousness**. Alternate translation: “the weapons to defend righteousness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) 6:7 ozxm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the idea by using an adjective such as “righteous” or an adverb such as “righteously.” Alternate translation: “weapons, that is, how we live righteously,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 6:7 ijr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν 1 Here, having **weapons** for **the right hand and the left** could describe how a soldier: (1) has an offensive weapon in one hand and a defensive weapon in the other. Alternate translation: “of righteous, both a sword and a shield” or “of righteousness for attack and defense” (2) is completely equipped for battle and able to defend against attacks from **right** and **left**. Alternate translation: “of righteous for defense on all sides” or “of righteousness with which we are fully equipped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -6:8 ftu0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ δόξης καὶ ἀτιμίας, διὰ δυσφημίας καὶ εὐφημίας 1 In these two statements, Paul indicates that he and those with him persevere in serving God whether people think and say good or bad things about them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that clearly expresses this idea. Alternate translation: “whether we receive honor or dishonor, whether there are bad reports or good reports about us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +6:8 ftu0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ δόξης καὶ ἀτιμίας, διὰ δυσφημίας καὶ εὐφημίας 1 In these two statements, Paul indicates that he and his fellow workers persevere in serving God whether people think and say good or bad things about them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that clearly expresses this idea. Alternate translation: “whether we receive honor or dishonor, whether there are bad reports or good reports about us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 6:8 m51w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns δόξης καὶ ἀτιμίας 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **honor** and **dishonor**, you could express the ideas by using verbs such as “honor” and “dishonor.” Alternate translation: “being honored and dishonored” or “others glorifying us and disgracing us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -6:8 fedq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡς πλάνοι καὶ ἀληθεῖς 1 Here and in the following two verses Paul uses **as** to introduce what other people think about him and those with him and then **yet** to introduce what is really true about them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that naturally expresses a contrast between what people think and what is actually true. Alternate translation: “considered to be deceivers, but actually true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -6:8 e4pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἀληθεῖς 1 Paul is using the adjective **true** as a noun in order to identify himself and those with him as those who truly are who they say they are. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “truthful people” or “telling the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -6:9 niij rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡς ἀγνοούμενοι καὶ ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι, ὡς ἀποθνῄσκοντες καὶ ἰδοὺ, ζῶμεν, ὡς παιδευόμενοι καὶ μὴ θανατούμενοι 1 Here and in the following verse Paul uses **as** to introduce what other people think about him and those with him and then **yet** to introduce what is really true about them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that naturally expresses a contrast between what people think and what is actually true. Alternate translation: “considered to be unknown, but actually well known; considered to be dying, but actually—behold!—living; considered to be being disciplined, but actually not being put to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +6:8 fedq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡς πλάνοι καὶ ἀληθεῖς 1 Here and in the following two verses Paul uses **as** to introduce what other people think about him and his fellow workers and then **yet** to introduce what is really true about them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that naturally expresses a contrast between what people think and what is actually true. Alternate translation: “considered to be deceivers, but actually true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +6:8 e4pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἀληθεῖς 1 Paul is using the adjective **true** as a noun in order to identify himself and his fellow workers as those who truly are who they say they are. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “truthful people” or “telling the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) +6:9 niij rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡς ἀγνοούμενοι καὶ ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι, ὡς ἀποθνῄσκοντες καὶ ἰδοὺ, ζῶμεν, ὡς παιδευόμενοι καὶ μὴ θανατούμενοι 1 Here and in the following verse Paul uses **as** to introduce what other people think about him and his fellow workers and then **yet** to introduce what is really true about them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that naturally expresses a contrast between what people think and what is actually true. Alternate translation: “considered to be unknown, but actually well known; considered to be dying, but actually—behold!—living; considered to be being disciplined, but actually not being put to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 6:9 fcb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὡς ἀγνοούμενοι καὶ ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who does the actions, Paul could be implying that he is: (1) **unknown** to many people but **known** to God. Alternate translation: “many people not knowing us, yet God knowing us well” (2) **unknown** to some people, but **known** to other people. Alternate translation: “some people not knowing us, yet others knowing us well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 6:9 x7bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations καὶ ἰδοὺ, ζῶμεν 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could use another form that draws the audience’s attention to the statement that follows. Alternate translation: “yet, and listen to this, living” or “yet most certainly living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) 6:9 r1d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὡς παιδευόμενοι καὶ μὴ θανατούμενοι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who does the actions, Paul could be implying that: (1) God does them. Alternate translation: “God disciplining us yet not putting us to death” (2) other people do them. Alternate translation: “people disciplining us yet not putting us to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 6:9 nqcv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μὴ θανατούμενοι 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “die” or “kill.” Alternate translation: “yet not being killed” or “not dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -6:10 so04 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡς λυπούμενοι ἀεὶ δὲ χαίροντες, ὡς πτωχοὶ πολλοὺς δὲ πλουτίζοντες, ὡς μηδὲν ἔχοντες καὶ πάντα κατέχοντες 1 Here, just as in the previous verse, Paul uses **as** to introduce what other people think about him and those with him and then **yet** or **but** to introduce what is really true about them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that naturally expresses a contrast between what people think and what is actually true. Alternate translation: “considered to be sorrowful, but actually always rejoicing; considered to be poor, but actually making many rich; considered to have nothing, but actually possessing all things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -6:10 vydj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πολλοὺς & πλουτίζοντες 1 Here Paul speaks as if he and those with him made other people **rich**. He means that he helps people receive blessings from God, including forgiveness and new life, which makes them spiritually **rich**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or express the idea in plain language. Alternate translation: “making many spiritually rich” or “enabling many to receive new life, which is like being rich” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +6:10 so04 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡς λυπούμενοι ἀεὶ δὲ χαίροντες, ὡς πτωχοὶ πολλοὺς δὲ πλουτίζοντες, ὡς μηδὲν ἔχοντες καὶ πάντα κατέχοντες 1 Here, just as in the previous verse, Paul uses **as** to introduce what other people think about him and his fellow workers and then **yet** or **but** to introduce what is really true about them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that naturally expresses a contrast between what people think and what is actually true. Alternate translation: “considered to be sorrowful, but actually always rejoicing; considered to be poor, but actually making many rich; considered to have nothing, but actually possessing all things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +6:10 vydj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πολλοὺς & πλουτίζοντες 1 Here Paul speaks as if he and his fellow workers made other people **rich**. He means that he helps people receive blessings from God, including forgiveness and new life, which makes them spiritually **rich**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or express the idea in plain language. Alternate translation: “making many spiritually rich” or “enabling many to receive new life, which is like being rich” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:10 pajk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πολλοὺς 1 Paul is using the adjective **many** as a noun in order to refer **many** people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “many others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -6:10 fpqg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πάντα 1 Here Paul could be stating that they possess: (1) **all things** that Christ possesses. In other words, because Christ rules over everything, Paul and those with him also possess everything. Alternate translation: “all things in Christ” (2) **all** spiritual blessings, which are the important **things**. Alternate translation: “all spiritual blessings” or “everything that is really important” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -6:11 mv85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν ἀνέῳγεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, Κορίνθιοι, ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν πεπλάτυνται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the actions, Paul implies that he and those with him did them. Alternate translation: “We have opened our mouth toward you, Corinthians; we have opened our heart wide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +6:10 fpqg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πάντα 1 Here Paul could be stating that they possess: (1) **all things** that Christ possesses. In other words, because Christ rules over everything, Paul and his fellow workers also possess everything. Alternate translation: “all things in Christ” (2) **all** spiritual blessings, which are the important **things**. Alternate translation: “all spiritual blessings” or “everything that is really important” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +6:11 mv85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν ἀνέῳγεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, Κορίνθιοι, ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν πεπλάτυνται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the actions, Paul implies that he and his fellow workers did them. Alternate translation: “We have opened our mouth toward you, Corinthians; we have opened our heart wide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 6:11 v74j τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν & ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν 1 Here, the words **mouth** and **heart** are singular nouns that refer to the mouths and hearts of Paul and his fellow workers. It may be more natural in your language to use plural forms. Alternate translation: “Each of our mouths … each of our hearts” 6:11 r815 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν & ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν 1 Here, the word **mouth** refers to the action of speaking with the **mouth**, and the word **heart** refers to the act of thinking and feeling with the **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use words or phrases that refer to the actions rather than to where the actions occur. Alternate translation: “Our speaking … our feeling” or “How we speak … how we feel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -6:11 jvak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν ἀνέῳγεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 Here Paul speaks as if he and his fellow workers had **opened** their mouths **toward** the Corinthians. He means that he and those with him have spoken what is true, and they have spoken confidently. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or plain language. Paul could be specifically referring to: (1) how he and his fellow workers have interacted with the Corinthians in the past. Alternate translation: “We have always spoken confidently and truthfully to you” (2) what he has said in this letter so far. Alternate translation: “We have written confidently and truthfully to you” (3) what he said in [6:3–10](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “We wrote those things to you confidently and truthfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -6:11 w42w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν πεπλάτυνται 1 Here Paul speaks as if he and those with him have **opened wide** their “hearts” to the Corinthians. He means that they love and care for the Corinthians. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or plain language. Alternate translation: “we have made room in our hearts for you” or “we love you very much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +6:11 jvak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν ἀνέῳγεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 Here Paul speaks as if he and his fellow workers had **opened** their mouths **toward** the Corinthians. He means that he and his fellow workers have spoken what is true, and they have spoken confidently. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or plain language. Paul could be specifically referring to: (1) how he and his fellow workers have interacted with the Corinthians in the past. Alternate translation: “We have always spoken confidently and truthfully to you” (2) what he has said in this letter so far. Alternate translation: “We have written confidently and truthfully to you” (3) what he said in [6:3–10](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “We wrote those things to you confidently and truthfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +6:11 w42w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν πεπλάτυνται 1 Here Paul speaks as if he and his fellow workers have **opened wide** their “hearts” to the Corinthians. He means that they love and care for the Corinthians. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or plain language. Alternate translation: “we have made room in our hearts for you” or “we love you very much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:12 m2kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὐ στενοχωρεῖσθε ἐν ἡμῖν, στενοχωρεῖσθε δὲ ἐν τοῖς σπλάγχνοις ὑμῶν 1 Here Paul speaks about loving others as if it were about having space in one’s insides. When people have space for other people inside them (**not restricted**), they are loving and caring for others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “There is space for you in our hearts, but you do not have space for us in your hearts” or “You are being loved by us, but you are not fully loving us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:12 u4fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐ στενοχωρεῖσθε ἐν ἡμῖν, στενοχωρεῖσθε δὲ ἐν τοῖς σπλάγχνοις ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We are not restricting you, but your affections are restricting you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 6:12 p88s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τοῖς σπλάγχνοις ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **affections**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “feel.” Alternate translation: “what you feel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 6:13 ypsz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure τὴν δὲ αὐτὴν ἀντιμισθίαν (ὡς τέκνοις λέγω) πλατύνθητε καὶ ὑμεῖς 1 Here, the clause **I speak as to children** is a parenthetical statement that breaks up the sentence to give more information about how Paul is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could move the clause to wherever it is most natural to put a statement about how one is speaking. Alternate translation: “and—I speak as to children—in the same exchange, open yourselves wide also” or “and in the same exchange, open yourselves wide also—I speak as to children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) -6:13 b62y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν & αὐτὴν ἀντιμισθίαν 1 Here, the phrase **same exchange** refers to how Paul and his fellow workers have “opened their hearts” (that is, shown love) to the Corinthians. This is the first part of the **exchange**, and now Paul wants the Corinthians to complete this **exchange** by opening themselves to Paul and those with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express what is being exchanged more explicitly. Alternate translation: “now that we have opened our hearts to you, in exchange” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +6:13 b62y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν & αὐτὴν ἀντιμισθίαν 1 Here, the phrase **same exchange** refers to how Paul and his fellow workers have “opened their hearts” (that is, shown love) to the Corinthians. This is the first part of the **exchange**, and now Paul wants the Corinthians to complete this **exchange** by opening themselves to Paul and his fellow workers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express what is being exchanged more explicitly. Alternate translation: “now that we have opened our hearts to you, in exchange” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 6:13 zdfh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὡς τέκνοις λέγω 1 Here Paul indicates that he is speaking as if he were addressing **children**. He could mean that: (1) he is using words and ideas that children use, particularly referring to the idea of **exchange**. Alternate translation: “I am using childish language” or “I speak as children speak to each other” (2) he is speaking to the Corinthians as if he was their father and they were his children. Alternate translation: “I speak to you who are like my own children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 6:13 c6vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πλατύνθητε καὶ ὑμεῖς 1 Here Paul continues to speak about loving others as if it were about having space in one’s insides. When people have space for other people inside them, they love and care for them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar clause at the end of [6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “make space in your hearts also” or “love us also” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:14 qd33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor μὴ γίνεσθε ἑτεροζυγοῦντες ἀπίστοις 1 Here Paul refers to a farming practice in which two or more animals were **yoked together** with a piece of wood that was then connected to a plow or cart. In this way, the animals together pulled the plow or cart. Paul applies this farming practice to people to indicate that believers should not try to accomplish what God wants them to do by working with **unbelievers**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not team up with unbelievers” or “Do not have a close relationship with unbelievers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -753,26 +753,26 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 6:17 jg48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result κἀγὼ 1 Here, the word **and** introduces what happens when people do what God commanded in the first part of the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that more clearly introduces a result. Alternate translation: “and then I” or “and when you do those things, I” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) 6:18 ft65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations καὶ 1 Here uses the word **And** to introduce another quote from the Old Testament, specifically from [2 Samuel 7:8](../2sa/07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:14](../2sa/07/14.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that clarifies that Paul is quoting from the Old Testament. Alternate translation: “Again, as you can read in the Scriptures,” or “Even more, as it is written,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) 6:18 dks6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἔσομαι ὑμῖν εἰς πατέρα, καὶ ὑμεῖς ἔσεσθέ μοι εἰς υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if the repetition might be confusing, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I will be to you as a Father; yes, you will be to me as sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -7:intro hg36 0 # 2 Corinthians 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n4. Paul’s ministry (2:14–7:4)\n * Join with fellow believers, not unbelievers (6:11–7:4)\n5. Paul rejoices about Titus’ visit to the Corinthians (7:5–16)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Boasting\n\nIn [7:4](../07/04.md), [14](../07/14.md), Paul refers to how he boasts about the Corinthians. What he means is that he tells people about how wonderful and great he thinks they are. It is important to indicate that Paul is not describing the Corinthians as better than they actually are. Rather, Paul indicates in [7:14](../07/14.md) that what he says about them is actually true. Use a word or phrase that refers to saying good things that are true about someone else. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/boast]])\n\n### Encouragement and comfort\n\nThe words for “encouragement” and “comfort” are very closely related. Sometimes it is not clear whether Paul is focusing more on the encouragement (which implies urging someone to act) or more on the comfort (which implies making someone feel better). If you have a word or phrase that can indicate both comfort and encouragement, you could use it in this chapter. Otherwise, consider which emphasis the context implies. Generally, the ULT models one option, and the UST models the other option. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/comfort]])\n\n### The previous letter\n\nIn [7:8–12](../07/08.md), Paul refers to a letter that he had already written and sent to the Corinthians. He has already referred to this letter in chapter 2. While a few scholars think this letter is 1 Corinthians, most likely we do not have this previous letter. Paul acknowledges that this previous letter might have “grieved” them, but he wants them to know that he wrote the letter to help them do what was right. In your translation, make sure that these verses refer to a letter that Paul previously wrote, not to 2 Corinthians.\n\n### Grief and sorrow\n\nThe words for being “grieved” and for “sorrow” are very closely related. Paul uses these words to refer to being hurt or feeling upset about something. Paul distinguishes between two kinds of “sorrow”: one that is with respect to God or godly, the other that is with respect to the world or worldly. If possible use a word or words that are general enough to refer to both kinds of “sorrow.” \n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Exclusive “we”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul uses the words “we,” “us,” and “our” to refer to himself and those who work with him. He does not include the Corinthians except in [7:1](../07/01.md). You should assume that Paul only means himself and those with him unless a note specifies otherwise. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])\n\n### Switches between first person singular and first person plural\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul switches between singular forms (“I”) and plural forms (“we”) of the first person. These switches are probably not just stylistic. Rather, they indicate when Paul is referring just to himself and when he is referring to himself and those who serve with him. If possible, preserve these switches in your translation. \n\n### What happened in Corinth\n\nIn this chapter, Paul continues to refer to something that happened in Corinth, something he already discussed in chapter 2. However, Paul gives even less details than he did in chapter 2 about what happened. What we know is that a person, probably a man, from the Corinthians’ group did something wrong and hurt some of the Corinthians and possibly also Paul. Paul in response wrote a severe letter, which “grieved” the Corinthians. Paul also sent Titus to Corinth to make sure that everything was resolved. In this chapter, Paul especially focuses on how happy he was to hear what Titus told him about how the Corinthians responded. Avoid providing more details in this chapter than Paul does, but make sure that your translation generally refers to events like these. +7:intro hg36 0 # 2 Corinthians 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n4. Paul’s ministry (2:14–7:4)\n * Join with fellow believers, not unbelievers (6:11–7:4)\n5. Paul rejoices about Titus’ visit to the Corinthians (7:5–16)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Boasting\n\nIn [7:4](../07/04.md), [14](../07/14.md), Paul refers to how he boasts about the Corinthians. What he means is that he tells people about how wonderful and great he thinks they are. It is important to indicate that Paul is not describing the Corinthians as better than they actually are. Rather, Paul indicates in [7:14](../07/14.md) that what he says about them is actually true. Use a word or phrase that refers to saying good things that are true about someone else. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/boast]])\n\n### Encouragement and comfort\n\nThe words for “encouragement” and “comfort” are very closely related. Sometimes it is not clear whether Paul is focusing more on the encouragement (which implies urging someone to act) or more on the comfort (which implies making someone feel better). If you have a word or phrase that can indicate both comfort and encouragement, you could use it in this chapter. Otherwise, consider which emphasis the context implies. Generally, the ULT models one option, and the UST models the other option. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/comfort]])\n\n### The previous letter\n\nIn [7:8–12](../07/08.md), Paul refers to a letter that he had already written and sent to the Corinthians. He has already referred to this letter in chapter 2. While a few scholars think this letter is 1 Corinthians, most likely we do not have this previous letter. Paul acknowledges that this previous letter might have “grieved” them, but he wants them to know that he wrote the letter to help them do what was right. In your translation, make sure that these verses refer to a letter that Paul previously wrote, not to 2 Corinthians.\n\n### Grief and sorrow\n\nThe words for being “grieved” and for “sorrow” are very closely related. Paul uses these words to refer to being hurt or feeling upset about something. Paul distinguishes between two kinds of “sorrow”: one that is with respect to God or godly, the other that is with respect to the world or worldly. If possible use a word or words that are general enough to refer to both kinds of “sorrow.” \n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Exclusive “we”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul uses the words “we,” “us,” and “our” to refer to himself and those who work with him. He does not include the Corinthians except in [7:1](../07/01.md). You should assume that Paul only means himself and his fellow workers unless a note specifies otherwise. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])\n\n### Switches between first person singular and first person plural\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul switches between singular forms (“I”) and plural forms (“we”) of the first person. These switches are probably not just stylistic. Rather, they indicate when Paul is referring just to himself and when he is referring to himself and those who serve with him. If possible, preserve these switches in your translation. \n\n### What happened in Corinth\n\nIn this chapter, Paul continues to refer to something that happened in Corinth, something he already discussed in chapter 2. However, Paul gives even less details than he did in chapter 2 about what happened. What we know is that a person, probably a man, from the Corinthians’ group did something wrong and hurt some of the Corinthians and possibly also Paul. Paul in response wrote a severe letter, which “grieved” the Corinthians. Paul also sent Titus to Corinth to make sure that everything was resolved. In this chapter, Paul especially focuses on how happy he was to hear what Titus told him about how the Corinthians responded. Avoid providing more details in this chapter than Paul does, but make sure that your translation generally refers to events like these. 7:1 h5xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces an inference from what Paul has already said, especially what he said in [6:16–18](../06/16.md) about being God’s temple and family. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an inference from a previous section. Alternate translation: “Because of that” or “On account of those things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) 7:1 k46r rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἔχοντες 1 Here, the word **having** introduces a reason why believers should **cleanse** themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship more explicit. Alternate translation: “since we have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) 7:1 tytd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ταύτας & ἔχοντες τὰς ἐπαγγελίας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **promises**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “promise” or “pledge.” Alternate translation: “having been promised these things” or “God having pledged these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:1 pw5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταύτας & τὰς ἐπαγγελίας 1 Here Paul is referring to the **promises** from the Old Testament that he quoted in [6:16–18](../06/16.md), which indicate that believers are God’s people, that God will welcome them, and that they are God’s sons and daughters. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that clearly refers back to those **promises**. Alternate translation: “the promises that I have quoted” or “those promises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -7:1 gwjt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive καθαρίσωμεν ἑαυτοὺς 1 By **us** and **ourselves**, Paul means himself, those with him, and the Corinthians, so use the inclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +7:1 gwjt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive καθαρίσωμεν ἑαυτοὺς 1 By **us** and **ourselves**, Paul means himself, his fellow workers, and the Corinthians, so use the inclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) 7:1 fv49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns παντὸς μολυσμοῦ σαρκὸς 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **defilement**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “defile” or “corrupt.” Alternate translation: “anything that corrupts flesh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:1 f00w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σαρκὸς καὶ πνεύματος 1 Here Paul uses the word **flesh** to refer to the outward part of people, particularly the body. He uses the word **spirit** to refer to the inward part of people, the part that thinks, feels, and makes decisions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use words that refer to similar parts of the person. Alternate translation: “of body and soul” or “of the physical and the spiritual” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:1 turq ἐπιτελοῦντες 1 Here, the word **perfecting** could introduce: (1) another thing that believers should do while they are “cleansing” themselves. Alternate translation: “and let us perfect” or “as we perfect” (2) the result of the “cleansing.” Alternate translation: “so that we perfect” (3) how they “cleanse” themselves. Alternate translation: “by perfecting” 7:1 c2xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐπιτελοῦντες ἁγιωσύνην 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **holiness**, you could express the idea by using an adjective such as “holy.” Alternate translation: “perfecting how holy we are” or “growing to be perfectly holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:1 pt41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession φόβῳ Θεοῦ 1 Here Paul uses the possessive form to identify **fear** that is directed toward **God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. See how you translated the similar phrase “fear of the Lord” in [5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “the fear that is directed to God” or “the fear that we experience for God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) 7:1 xlet rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν φόβῳ Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fear**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “fear.” Alternate translation: “in how we fear God” or “through fearing God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -7:2 x55b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive χωρήσατε ἡμᾶς; οὐδένα ἠδικήσαμεν, οὐδένα ἐφθείραμεν, οὐδένα ἐπλεονεκτήσαμεν 1 Here and in the rest of the chapter, by **us** and **we**, Paul means himself and those with him but not the Corinthians, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +7:2 x55b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive χωρήσατε ἡμᾶς; οὐδένα ἠδικήσαμεν, οὐδένα ἐφθείραμεν, οὐδένα ἐπλεονεκτήσαμεν 1 Here and in the rest of the chapter, by **us** and **we**, Paul means himself and his fellow workers but not the Corinthians, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) 7:2 c2yz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor χωρήσατε ἡμᾶς 1 Here, just as in [6:11–13](../06/11.md), Paul speaks of loving others as if it was about having space in one’s insides. When people have space for other people inside them, they are loving and caring for them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Show love for us” or “Make room in your hearts for us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 7:2 v4nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet οὐδένα ἠδικήσαμεν, οὐδένα ἐφθείραμεν, οὐδένα ἐπλεονεκτήσαμεν 1 Here Paul uses three phrases with similar structure and meaning to strongly deny that he did anything to hurt any of the Corinthians. It is possible that the word **wronged** refers to doing something unjust, the word **ruined** refers to corrupting or perverting someone, and the phrase **took advantage of** refers to gaining money or things from somebody without doing anything in return. If the repetition would not communicate a strong denial in your language, or if you do not have three words for these ideas, you could express the idea with only one or two strong clauses. Alternate translation: “We wronged and took advantage of no one” or “We did not hurt any person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -7:3 pgze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ λέγω 1 Here Paul refers to what he said in the previous verse about how he and those with him did not hurt anyone ([7:2](../07/02.md)). Here he wishes to clarify that he does not mean that it was the Corinthians who hurt people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this relationship more explicit. Alternate translation: “I did not speak what I just spoke” or “I did not write that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +7:3 pgze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ λέγω 1 Here Paul refers to what he said in the previous verse about how he and his fellow workers did not hurt anyone ([7:2](../07/02.md)). Here he wishes to clarify that he does not mean that it was the Corinthians who hurt people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this relationship more explicit. Alternate translation: “I did not speak what I just spoke” or “I did not write that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:3 bhb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πρὸς κατάκρισιν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **condemnation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to condemn you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:3 ckpm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προείρηκα 1 Here Paul refers back to what he said in [6:11](../06/11.md): “our heart has been opened wide.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this relationship more explicit. Alternate translation: “I told you earlier in this letter” or “I wrote above in this letter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -7:3 fay3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν ἐστε 1 Here Paul speaks as if the Corinthians were in the **hearts** of him and those with him. He means that they love the Corinthians very much. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are in our affections” or “we love you very much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -7:3 xzg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism εἰς τὸ συναποθανεῖν καὶ συνζῆν 1 Here Paul refers to two extreme alternates, dying and living, to indicate that nothing that happens will keep him and those with him from loving the Corinthians. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “come what may” or “whatever may happen to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +7:3 fay3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν ἐστε 1 Here Paul speaks as if the Corinthians were in the **hearts** of him and his fellow workers. He means that they love the Corinthians very much. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are in our affections” or “we love you very much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +7:3 xzg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism εἰς τὸ συναποθανεῖν καὶ συνζῆν 1 Here Paul refers to two extreme alternates, dying and living, to indicate that nothing that happens will keep him and his fellow workers from loving the Corinthians. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “come what may” or “whatever may happen to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) 7:4 uamr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πολλή μοι παρρησία πρὸς ὑμᾶς, πολλή μοι καύχησις ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **confidence** and **boasting**, you could express the ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “I am very confident about you; I boast greatly on your behalf” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:4 yp45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μοι παρρησία πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 Here Pal could be saying that he: (1) is confident that they follow Christ and do what is right. Alternate translation: “is my confidence that you follow Christ” or “is my confidence that you are doing well” (2) can speak boldly or confidently to them. Alternate translation: “is my boldness in speaking to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:4 mh12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πεπλήρωμαι τῇ παρακλήσει 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Paul implies that the Corinthians did it. Alternate translation: “You have filled me with encouragement” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 7:5 zwwy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐδεμίαν ἔσχηκεν ἄνεσιν 1 Here Paul continues what he was saying in [2:13](../02/13.md) about how he “had no relief” in his “spirit.” What he means is that traveling to **Macedonia** did not help with his concerns about Titus or his sufferings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “had no relief from our sufferings and worries at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:5 byp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns οὐδεμίαν ἔσχηκεν ἄνεσιν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **relief**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “relieve” or “rest.” Alternate translation: “was not relieved at all” or “could not rest at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:5 h3cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive θλιβόμενοι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “experiencing afflictions” or “people afflicting us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -7:5 i4wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔξωθεν μάχαι, ἔσωθεν φόβοι 1 Here, the word **without** identifies the source of the **conflicts** as external to Paul and those with him. The word **within** identifies the source of the **fears** as internal to Paul and those with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use words or phrases that similarly identify internal and external sources. Alternate translation: “conflicts from others, fears from ourselves” or “conflicts on the outside, fears on the inside” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +7:5 i4wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔξωθεν μάχαι, ἔσωθεν φόβοι 1 Here, the word **without** identifies the source of the **conflicts** as external to Paul and those with him. The word **within** identifies the source of the **fears** as internal to Paul and his fellow workers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use words or phrases that similarly identify internal and external sources. Alternate translation: “conflicts from others, fears from ourselves” or “conflicts on the outside, fears on the inside” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:5 zkqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἔξωθεν μάχαι, ἔσωθεν φόβοι 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **conflicts** and **fears**, you could express the ideas by using verbs such as “quarrel” and “fear.” Alternate translation: “people fought us without, and we feared within” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:6 qdto rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλ’ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with the “conflicts” and “fears” that Paul described in the previous verse ([7:5](../07/05.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “In spite of that,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) 7:6 p3fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish ὁ παρακαλῶν τοὺς ταπεινοὺς 1 Here Paul adding more information about **God**. He is not distinguishing between different gods. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that clearly adds information instead of distinguishing between people. Alternate translation: “who is the one who comforts the humble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) @@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 7:13 k6gm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῇ χαρᾷ Τίτου 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **joy**, you could express the idea by using an adjective such as “joyful.” Alternate translation: “how joyful Titus was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:13 n69e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀναπέπαυται τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ πάντων ὑμῶν 1 Here Paul speaks as if Titus’ **spirit** were a tired body that needed to be **refreshed**. He could mean that Titus: (1) was encouraged or given new energy. Alternate translation: “he was encouraged by all of you” or “he was energized by all of us” (2) was no longer worried about the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “he stopped worrying about all of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 7:13 v2g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀναπέπαυται τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ πάντων ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all of you had refreshed his spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -7:14 c72a rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 Here, the word **For** introduces another reason why Paul and those with him “rejoiced even more abundantly” ([7:13](../07/13.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “Also, we rejoiced since,” or “Further,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +7:14 c72a rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 Here, the word **For** introduces another reason why Paul and his fellow workers rejoiced even more abundantly ([7:13](../07/13.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “Also, we rejoiced since,” or “Further,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) 7:14 b4uq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact εἴ τι αὐτῷ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν κεκαύχημαι, οὐ κατῃσχύνθην 1 Paul is speaking as if his boasting about the Corinthians were a possibility, but he means that it is actually true. He uses this form to introduce what he said about the Corinthians that might have caused him to be **ashamed** if it were not true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that introduces something that Paul did that might have led to being **ashamed**. Alternate translation: “I was not ashamed because of what I had boasted to him about you” or “what I boasted to him about you did not cause me to be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]]) 7:14 m22c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐ κατῃσχύνθην 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “I did not feel shame” or “you did not shame me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 7:14 wrxa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πάντα & ἐλαλήσαμεν ὑμῖν 1 Here Paul could be referring to: (1) everything he has told the Corinthians, including the gospel. Alternate translation: “we spoke everything we have told you” (2) specifically what he told the Corinthians about his travel plans. Alternate translation: “we spoke to you about our travel plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -851,12 +851,12 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 7:15 p2ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὰ σπλάγχνα αὐτοῦ περισσοτέρως εἰς ὑμᾶς ἐστιν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **affections**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “he loves you more more abundantly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:15 qm18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περισσοτέρως 1 Here, the phrase **more abundant** could indicate that: (1) Titus has more **affections** for them than he did before he visited them. Alternate translation: “more abundant than before” (2) Titus simply has a great deal of **affections**. Alternate translation: “very abundant” or “great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:15 ezep rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἀναμιμνῃσκομένου 1 Here, the word **remembering** introduces a reason why Titus’ **affections** are **more abundant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “since he remembers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) -7:15 gp09 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν πάντων ὑμῶν ὑπακοήν 1 Here, the Corinthians’ **obedience** could be directed toward: (1) Paul and those with him, including Titus. Alternate translation: “the obedience of all of you to us” (2) just Titus. Alternate translation: “the obedience of all of you to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +7:15 gp09 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν πάντων ὑμῶν ὑπακοήν 1 Here, the Corinthians’ **obedience** could be directed toward: (1) Paul and his fellow workers, including Titus. Alternate translation: “the obedience of all of you to us” (2) just Titus. Alternate translation: “the obedience of all of you to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:15 uagc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 Here the Corinthians’ **fear** could be directed toward: (1) Titus as Paul’s representative. Alternate translation: “with fear and trembling with respect to him” (2) the consequences of what had happened. Alternate translation: “with fear and trembling because of what had happened” (3) God, whom Titus represented. Alternate translation: “with and trembling with respect to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:15 dtni rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear** and **trembling**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “as you feared and trembled” or “fearfully and nervously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:15 g9bz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 The terms **fear** and **trembling** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “great fear” or “deep respect” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 7:16 hr3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit θαρρῶ ἐν ὑμῖν 1 The implication is that Paul is **confident** that the Corinthians are doing what is right or proper. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I am confident that you do what is proper” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -8:intro kl7m 0 # 2 Corinthians 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n6. Giving for the gospel (8:1–9:15)\n * Example of the Macedonians (8:1–6)\n * Paul appeals to the Corinthians to give generously (8:7–9:5)\n\nSome translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quotation from [Exodus 16:18](../exo/16/18.md) in [8:15](../08/15.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The collection for the church in Jerusalem\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul encourages the Corinthians to finish collecting the money they were going to contribute to what Paul was gathering to send to the believers in Jerusalem. Paul sometimes calls participating in this collection a “grace.” He often refers to this collection indirectly, which was a polite way to talk about financial matters in his culture. If people in your culture speaks more directly about financial matters, you may need to make some of the ideas more explicit. In order to encourage the Corinthians to give to this collection, Paul tells them that the Macedonian believers have already given generously ([8:1–5](../08/01.md)), states reasons why the Corinthians should give ([8:6–15](../08/06.md)), and assures the Corinthians that the people who are managing the collection are trustworthy ([8:16–24](../08/16.md)). Make sure that your translation includes these elements that encourage the Corinthians to give to the collection.\n\n### The generosity of the Macedonians\n\nIn [8:1–5](../08/01.md), Paul tells the Corinthians about how the Macedonian believers contributed generously to the collection even though they were poor and suffering. He does this to encourage the Corinthians also to give generously. While Paul does not directly compare how much the Corinthians and Macedonians have given, he does use the Macedonians as an example. Your translation should clearly present the Macedonians as an example to imitate.\n\n### Equality\n\nIn [8:13–14](../08/13.md), Paul indicates that one of the reasons for the collection is “equality” among believers. He does not mean that every believer must have exactly the same amount of possessions and money. What he does mean is that believers who have much should share with believers who have little. He wants all believers to be doing “equally” well. So, while this does not mean that everyone has exactly the same amount of possessions and money, it does mean that some believers should not be rich when others are poor. Consider how you might express the idea of general, although not exact, “equality.”\n\n### Titus and two traveling companions\n\nIn [8:16–23](../08/16.md), Paul commends Titus and then introduces and commends the two men who travel with him. Most likely, these three men traveled together and carried Paul’s letter (2 Corinthians) with them. Paul does not name the two men, but he does indicate that they are trustworthy and should be respected. If you have normal ways of introducing and commending people, you could use them here. \n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Exclusive “we”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul uses the words “we,” “us,” and “our” to refer to himself and those who work with him. He does not include the Corinthians. You should assume that Paul only means himself and those with him unless a note specifies otherwise. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +8:intro kl7m 0 # 2 Corinthians 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n6. Giving for the gospel (8:1–9:15)\n * Example of the Macedonians (8:1–6)\n * Paul appeals to the Corinthians to give generously (8:7–9:5)\n\nSome translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quotation from [Exodus 16:18](../exo/16/18.md) in [8:15](../08/15.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The collection for the church in Jerusalem\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul encourages the Corinthians to finish collecting the money they were going to contribute to what Paul was gathering to send to the believers in Jerusalem. Paul sometimes calls participating in this collection a “grace.” He often refers to this collection indirectly, which was a polite way to talk about financial matters in his culture. If people in your culture speaks more directly about financial matters, you may need to make some of the ideas more explicit. In order to encourage the Corinthians to give to this collection, Paul tells them that the Macedonian believers have already given generously ([8:1–5](../08/01.md)), states reasons why the Corinthians should give ([8:6–15](../08/06.md)), and assures the Corinthians that the people who are managing the collection are trustworthy ([8:16–24](../08/16.md)). Make sure that your translation includes these elements that encourage the Corinthians to give to the collection.\n\n### The generosity of the Macedonians\n\nIn [8:1–5](../08/01.md), Paul tells the Corinthians about how the Macedonian believers contributed generously to the collection even though they were poor and suffering. He does this to encourage the Corinthians also to give generously. While Paul does not directly compare how much the Corinthians and Macedonians have given, he does use the Macedonians as an example. Your translation should clearly present the Macedonians as an example to imitate.\n\n### Equality\n\nIn [8:13–14](../08/13.md), Paul indicates that one of the reasons for the collection is “equality” among believers. He does not mean that every believer must have exactly the same amount of possessions and money. What he does mean is that believers who have much should share with believers who have little. He wants all believers to be doing “equally” well. So, while this does not mean that everyone has exactly the same amount of possessions and money, it does mean that some believers should not be rich when others are poor. Consider how you might express the idea of general, although not exact, “equality.”\n\n### Titus and two traveling companions\n\nIn [8:16–23](../08/16.md), Paul commends Titus and then introduces and commends the two men who travel with him. Most likely, these three men traveled together and carried Paul’s letter (2 Corinthians) with them. Paul does not name the two men, but he does indicate that they are trustworthy and should be respected. If you have normal ways of introducing and commending people, you could use them here. \n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Exclusive “we”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Paul uses the words “we,” “us,” and “our” to refer to himself and those who work with him. He does not include the Corinthians. You should assume that Paul only means himself and his fellow workers unless a note specifies otherwise. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) 8:1 mm8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces a new topic. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a new topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 8:1 d3pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀδελφοί 1 Paul is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fellow Christians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:1 a73v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) @@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 8:4 tfsj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns δεόμενοι ἡμῶν, τὴν χάριν καὶ τὴν κοινωνίαν τῆς διακονίας τῆς 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **favor** and **fellowship**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “they pleaded with us to favor them and allow them to take part in this ministry that is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 8:4 jdqw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys τὴν χάριν καὶ τὴν κοινωνίαν 1 The two words **favor** and **fellowship** work together to express a single idea. The word **fellowship** describes what **the favor** is. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “the favor of the fellowship” or “the gift of fellowship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) 8:4 nmw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς διακονίας τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους 1 Here Paul does not give very many details about the **ministry** because he had already told the Corinthians about it in [1 Corinthians 16:1–4](../1co/16/01.md). From that passage and other passages, we know that Paul was collecting money from various churches to send to Jerusalem to help the believers there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit that this is what Paul is talking about. Alternate translation: “of this ministry that is for the saints in Jerusalem” or “of this ministry of sending money to the Jerusalem saints” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -8:5 y9sj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ καθὼς ἠλπίσαμεν, ἀλλ’ 1 Here Paul is implying that the Macedonians did more than Paul and those with him had **hoped**, not that they did less. If this clause would imply that the Macedonians did less, you could use a form that implies that they did more. Alternate translation: “while we had hoped for something, they did more:” or “doing more than we had hoped,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +8:5 y9sj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ καθὼς ἠλπίσαμεν, ἀλλ’ 1 Here Paul is implying that the Macedonians did more than Paul and his fellow workers had **hoped**, not that they did less. If this clause would imply that the Macedonians did less, you could use a form that implies that they did more. Alternate translation: “while we had hoped for something, they did more:” or “doing more than we had hoped,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 8:5 t73o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἑαυτοὺς ἔδωκαν, πρῶτον 1 Here Paul speaks as if the Macedonians were gifts that they themselves **gave** to **the Lord** and to **us**. He means that the Macedonians chose to completely serve and honor **the Lord** and **us**. If it would be helpful in your language, you express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “they first devoted themselves” or “they chose first to be servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:5 w0el πρῶτον & καὶ 1 Here, the words **first** and **then** could indicate what is: (1) more and less important. Alternate translation: “primarily … and secondarily” (2) first and second in sequence. Alternate translation: “first … and second” 8:5 k4pa καὶ ἡμῖν 1 Here, the phrase **and then** could introduce: (1) what comes after what they **first** did. Alternate translation: “and after that to us” (2) the second part of what they **first** did. Paul implies that what comes after what they **first** did is giving money. Alternate translation: “and to us before they gave money” @@ -1092,21 +1092,21 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 10:3 k7h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor οὐ & στρατευόμεθα 1 Here and in [10:4–6](../10/04.md), Paul speaks as if he and those with him were waging a **war**. He means that they proclaim the good news and defend it and believers against other people and powers that try to corrupt the good news and hurt believers. Paul does not mean that they are actually killing people and fighting with physical weapons. If possible, preserve the metaphor or express the idea with a simile. Alternate translation: “we are like people who wage war, but not” or “we do not fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) 10:3 gpd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom κατὰ σάρκα 1 You should translate this phrase as you did in [10:2](../10/02.md). Alternate translation: “according to what humans value” or “according to a human perspective” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 10:4 ge87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of what Paul said in the previous verse ([10:3](../10/03.md)) about waging war not according to the flesh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces further explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) -10:4 uf5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor τὰ & ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας ἡμῶν οὐ σαρκικὰ, ἀλλὰ δυνατὰ τῷ Θεῷ πρὸς καθαίρεσιν ὀχυρωμάτων, λογισμοὺς καθαιροῦντες 1 Here, just as in [10:3](../10/03.md), Paul speaks as if he and those with him were involved in **warfare**. In this verse, he specifically speaks about their **weapons**, which God empowers. He also refers to **strongholds**, which are places that an army can easily defend. He defines the **strongholds** as **strategies** or arguments against him and the gospel. Paul means that God empowers him and those with him to defeat and destroy these arguments. Paul does not mean that they are actually killing people and destroying physical strongholds. If possible, preserve the metaphor or express the idea with a simile. Alternate translation: “what we use to defend ourselves are like weapons of warfare that are not fleshly but are powerful to God for overcoming strategies and arguments, which are like strongholds” or “we do not fight with fleshly weapons but with arguments that are powerful to God for the defeating of powerful enemies and strategies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) +10:4 uf5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor τὰ & ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας ἡμῶν οὐ σαρκικὰ, ἀλλὰ δυνατὰ τῷ Θεῷ πρὸς καθαίρεσιν ὀχυρωμάτων, λογισμοὺς καθαιροῦντες 1 Here, just as in [10:3](../10/03.md), Paul speaks as if he and his fellow workers were involved in **warfare**. In this verse, he specifically speaks about their **weapons**, which God empowers. He also refers to **strongholds**, which are places that an army can easily defend. He defines the **strongholds** as **strategies** or arguments against him and the gospel. Paul means that God empowers him and his fellow workers to defeat and destroy these arguments. Paul does not mean that they are actually killing people and destroying physical strongholds. If possible, preserve the metaphor or express the idea with a simile. Alternate translation: “what we use to defend ourselves are like weapons of warfare that are not fleshly but are powerful to God for overcoming strategies and arguments, which are like strongholds” or “we do not fight with fleshly weapons but with arguments that are powerful to God for the defeating of powerful enemies and strategies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) 10:4 d1gj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὰ & ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας ἡμῶν 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **weapons** that are used to fight in **warfare**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a different form. Alternate translation: “our weapons for fighting” or “the weapons with which we wage war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) 10:4 ohuj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς στρατείας ἡμῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **warfare**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “with which we fight” or “we use to wage war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])\n 10:4 cluj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δυνατὰ τῷ Θεῷ 1 Here, the phrase **powerful to God** indicates that the weapons are **powerful** because God makes them powerful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “are made powerful by God” or “have God’s power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -10:5 xuz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor καὶ πᾶν ὕψωμα ἐπαιρόμενον κατὰ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ αἰχμαλωτίζοντες πᾶν νόημα εἰς τὴν ὑπακοὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Here, just as in [10:3–4](../10/03.md), Paul speaks as if he and those with him were involved in a war. In this verse, he speaks about **every high thing**, which are fortifications or walls. He means that he and those with him defeat or discredit anything that claims to be as great or important as **the knowledge of God**. Paul also speaks about taking thoughts **captive**. Just as the victor in a war takes the conquered people **captive**, so Paul and those with him wish to take peoples’ thoughts **captive** so that these people are obedient to Christ. If possible, preserve the metaphor or express the idea with a simile. Alternate translation: “anything that is like a high fortress that raises itself against the knowledge of God, and we control every thought like we we were taking it captive into the obedience of Christ” or “and anything that proudly claims to be more important than the knowledge of God, and we take control of every thought into the obedience of Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) +10:5 xuz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor καὶ πᾶν ὕψωμα ἐπαιρόμενον κατὰ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ αἰχμαλωτίζοντες πᾶν νόημα εἰς τὴν ὑπακοὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Here, just as in [10:3–4](../10/03.md), Paul speaks as if he and his fellow workers were involved in a war. In this verse, he speaks about **every high thing**, which are fortifications or walls. He means that he and his fellow workers defeat or discredit anything that claims to be as great or important as **the knowledge of God**. Paul also speaks about taking thoughts **captive**. Just as the victor in a war takes the conquered people **captive**, so Paul and his fellow workers wish to take peoples’ thoughts **captive** so that these people are obedient to Christ. If possible, preserve the metaphor or express the idea with a simile. Alternate translation: “anything that is like a high fortress that raises itself against the knowledge of God, and we control every thought like we we were taking it captive into the obedience of Christ” or “and anything that proudly claims to be more important than the knowledge of God, and we take control of every thought into the obedience of Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) 10:5 b74d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **knowledge** that is about **God**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a more natural form. Alternate translation: “the knowledge about God” or “the knowledge that concerns God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) 10:5 vm1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “knowing God” or ”what we know about God“ (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 10:5 j6ra rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πᾶν νόημα 1 Here, the phrase **every thought** could refer to: (1) the thoughts that people who oppose the gospel have. Alternate translation: “every thought of people who oppose the gospel” (2) the thoughts that believers have. Alternate translation: “every thought of believers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 10:5 z7ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν ὑπακοὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **obedience** that is directed to **Christ**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a more natural form. Alternate translation: “obedience to Christ” or “obedience directed to Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) 10:5 r2yz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν ὑπακοὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **obedience**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “so that Christ is obeyed” or “so that people are obedient to Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -10:6 g9z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor καὶ ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχοντες, ἐκδικῆσαι πᾶσαν παρακοήν, ὅταν πληρωθῇ ὑμῶν ἡ ὑπακοή 1 Here Paul finishes speaking as if he and those with him were involved in a war. Here he says that they are **in readiness** like soldiers ready to attack. When they attack, they will **avenge every act of disobedience**. What he means is that, once people are captive to the “obedience of Christ,” he and those with him will punish them if they go back to being disobedient. If possible, preserve the metaphor or express the idea with a simile. Alternate translation: “and being like soldiers who are ready to avenge every act of disobedience, when your obedience would be complete” or “and being prepared to punish everyone who disobeys, when your obedience would be complete” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) +10:6 g9z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor καὶ ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχοντες, ἐκδικῆσαι πᾶσαν παρακοήν, ὅταν πληρωθῇ ὑμῶν ἡ ὑπακοή 1 Here Paul finishes speaking as if he and his fellow workers were involved in a war. Here he says that they are **in readiness** like soldiers ready to attack. When they attack, they will **avenge every act of disobedience**. What he means is that, once people are captive to the “obedience of Christ,” he and his fellow workers will punish them if they go back to being disobedient. If possible, preserve the metaphor or express the idea with a simile. Alternate translation: “and being like soldiers who are ready to avenge every act of disobedience, when your obedience would be complete” or “and being prepared to punish everyone who disobeys, when your obedience would be complete” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) 10:6 j0bh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἑτοίμῳ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **readiness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “prepared” or “ready” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 10:6 m4ds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πᾶσαν παρακοήν, ὅταν πληρωθῇ ὑμῶν ἡ ὑπακοή 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **disobedience** and **obedience**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “every disobedient act, when you have completed being obedient” or “all the ways that people disobey, when you have completed obeying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 10:6 bgwq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑμῶν ἡ ὑπακοή 1 Here, the word **obedience** could refer to being obedient: (1) to Christ. This option is supported by the phrase “the obedience of Christ” in [10:5](../10/05.md). Alternate translation: “your obedience to Christ” (2) to Paul. Alternate translation: “your obedience to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -10:6 ipsn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πληρωθῇ ὑμῶν ἡ ὑπακοή 1 Here Paul is referring to how he wants the Corinthians to commit to obeying. When they always work towards **obedience**, then he and those with him will **avenge every act of disobedience**. He does not mean that the Corinthians need to be perfectly obedient or **complete** specific acts of obedience. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you fully work to obey” or “you completely strive for obedience” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +10:6 ipsn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πληρωθῇ ὑμῶν ἡ ὑπακοή 1 Here Paul is referring to how he wants the Corinthians to commit to obeying. When they always work towards **obedience**, then he and his fellow workers will **avenge every act of disobedience**. He does not mean that the Corinthians need to be perfectly obedient or **complete** specific acts of obedience. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you fully work to obey” or “you completely strive for obedience” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 10:7 y2yb τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον βλέπετε 1 This sentence could be: (1) a command to look at what is obvious. Alternate translation: “You should look at the things according to appearance” (2) a rebuke concerning how they only look at how things appear. Alternate translation: “You are looking at the things according to appearance” 10:7 gsvr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κατὰ πρόσωπον 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as they appear” or “according to how they appear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 10:7 iuqd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἴ τις πέποιθεν ἑαυτῷ Χριστοῦ εἶναι, τοῦτο λογιζέσθω 1 Here Paul uses the conditional form to indicate what person he is addressing with his command to **consider this again**. If your language does not use this form to introduce a specific person or group of people, you could use a different form. Alternate translation: “Let anyone who is convinced in himself that he is of Christ consider this” or “A person may be convinced in himself that he is of Christ. Let that person consider this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) @@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 10:7 z1t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p λογιζέσθω 1 Here Paul uses a third-person imperative. If you have third-person imperatives in your language, you could use one here. If you do not have third-person imperatives, you could express the idea using a word such as “should.” Alternate translation: “he should consider” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p]]) 10:7 iyxt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοῦτο & πάλιν 1 Here, the word **this** refers ahead to the clauses **just as he {is} of Christ, so also {are} we**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to what a person is about to say. Alternate translation: “again what I am about to write” or “again what follows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) 10:7 f3i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οὕτως καὶ ἡμεῖς 1 Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “so also we are of Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -10:8 mezz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of Paul’s claim that he and those with him are “of Christ” (see [10:7](../10/07.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces further explanation. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “I say that because,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) +10:8 mezz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of Paul’s claim that he and his fellow workers are of Christ (see [10:7](../10/07.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces further explanation. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “I say that because,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 10:8 y3ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact ἐάν τε 1 Here Paul could be using even if to introduce: (1) something that he thinks really is true. In other words, Paul really is going to **boast** in a way that he thinks is excessive. Alternate translation: “even when” (2) something that he thinks might be true. In other words, he thinks that the Corinthians might consider his boasting to be excessive. Alternate translation: “even supposing that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]]) 10:8 qm9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περισσότερόν τι 1 Here, the phrase **somewhat excessively** could mean that Paul is boasting: (1) more than some people would consider proper. Alternate translation: “somewhat more than what is proper” (2) a great deal. Alternate translation: “very much” (3) more than he already has. Alternate translation: “somewhat more than I have already” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 10:8 pm42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς ἐξουσίας ἡμῶν, ἧς ἔδωκεν ὁ Κύριος 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how we have been authorized by the Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -1135,22 +1135,22 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr 10:11 m6m6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ὁ τοιοῦτος 1 Here, the phrase **such {a person}** refers to whoever says that Paul’s letters are powerful but his personal presence is weak (see [10:10](../10/10.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that clearly refers back to this person from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “that person” or “anyone who says those things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) 10:11 xvjm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοῦτο & ὅτι 1 Here, the word **this** refers to what Paul introduces with the word **that**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different form that introduces what the person should **consider**. Alternate translation: “that” or “the fact that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) 10:11 kb55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῷ λόγῳ 1 Here, the word **word** represents what someone says in words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “in our words” or “in our communication” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -10:11 hu56 τοιοῦτοι 1 Here Paul could be comparing what he and those with him are like **in our word** with what they: (1) are like **in our deed**. In this case, Paul is simply comparing **word** and **deed**. Alternate translation: “such is what we are” (2) will be like in **deed** when they visit the Corinthians. In this case, Paul is speaking about what they will do in the future. Alternate translation: “such we will be” -10:11 g58z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ ἔργῳ 1 Here, the word **deed** refers to what Paul and those with him do and will do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in what we do” or “in how we will act” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +10:11 hu56 τοιοῦτοι 1 Here Paul could be comparing what he and his fellow workers are like **in our word** with what they: (1) are like **in our deed**. In this case, Paul is simply comparing **word** and **deed**. Alternate translation: “such is what we are” (2) will be like in **deed** when they visit the Corinthians. In this case, Paul is speaking about what they will do in the future. Alternate translation: “such we will be” +10:11 g58z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ ἔργῳ 1 Here, the word **deed** refers to what Paul and his fellow workers do and will do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in what we do” or “in how we will act” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 10:12 r9cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of what Paul said in the previous verses ([10:10–11](../10/10.md)) in response to what some people say about him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces further explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “In fact,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 10:12 k94z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἐνκρῖναι ἢ συνκρῖναι 1 The terms **classify** and **compare** mean similar things. The word **classify** refers to considering something to be part of a group, and the word **compare** refers to evaluating something to see if it is similar to something else. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “to compare” or “to include” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 10:12 i85y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ἑαυτοὺς μετροῦντες καὶ συνκρίνοντες ἑαυτοὺς ἑαυτοῖς 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, or you could combine the two phrases. Alternate translation: “measuring themselves by themselves, indeed, comparing themselves with themselves” or “measuring and comparing themselves by themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 10:12 q7i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ἑαυτοὺς μετροῦντες καὶ συνκρίνοντες ἑαυτοὺς ἑαυτοῖς 1 Here, the word **themselves** could indicate that each person: (1) measures and compares himself by himself or herself by herself. Alternate translation: “measuring themselves by their own standard, and comparing themselves with their own standard” (2) measures and compares himself or herself by others in a specific group. Alternate translation: “measuring themselves by each other, and comparing themselves with each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 10:12 n8sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ἑαυτοὺς μετροῦντες 1 Here Paul speaks as if people were objects that someone would “measure.” He is speaking about how people compare or contrast themselves with people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “evaluating themselves by themselves” or “analyzing themselves by themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 10:12 zwl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ συνιᾶσιν 1 Here Paul does not state what it is that these people **do not understand**. What he means is that these people are not acting in wise ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that expresses the idea more explicitly. Alternate translation: “are not wise” or “do not act with understanding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -10:13 x79x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα 1 Here, the phrase **to the immeasurable things** could refer to: (1) how Paul and those with him are not boasting beyond what God has “measured” to them. Alternate translation: “about what is not measured to us” (2) how Paul and those with him do not boast without any real standard. Alternate translation: “in unmeasured ways” or “without any standards” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +10:13 x79x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα 1 Here, the phrase **to the immeasurable things** could refer to: (1) how Paul and his fellow workers are not boasting beyond what God has “measured” to them. Alternate translation: “about what is not measured to us” (2) how Paul and those with him do not boast without any real standard. Alternate translation: “in unmeasured ways” or “without any standards” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 10:13 a4ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸ μέτρον τοῦ κανόνος 1 Here Paul uses the possessive form to describe a **measure** that could: (1) measure things according to a **limit** or standard. Alternate translation: “the measure based on the standard” (2) define a specific **limit** or area. Alternate translation: “the measure that identifies the area” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) 10:13 y6ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure οὗ ἐμέρισεν ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς μέτρου 1 Here, the word **measure** could: (1) restate what it is that **God has assigned to us**. Alternate translation: “that God has assigned to us, which is a measure” (2) how God has **assigned** the **measure of the limit**. Alternate translation: “that God has assigned to us as a measure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) 10:13 fx2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor μέτρου, ἐφικέσθαι ἄχρι καὶ ὑμῶν 1 Here Paul speaks as if a **measure** could reach out and touch a person. He means that the **measure** includes the Corinthians in what it measures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in plain language. Alternate translation: “a measure that included even you” or “a measure that measured even as far as you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -10:13 u84l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐφικέσθαι ἄχρι καὶ ὑμῶν 1 Here, the phrase **that reached even as far as you** indicates that the **measure** includes the Corinthians as something that Paul and those with him can boast about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea more explicitly. Alternate translation: “that reached even as far as you as something we can boast about” or “that extends what we can boast about to include you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +10:13 u84l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐφικέσθαι ἄχρι καὶ ὑμῶν 1 Here, the phrase **that reached even as far as you** indicates that the **measure** includes the Corinthians as something that Paul and his fellow workers can boast about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea more explicitly. Alternate translation: “that reached even as far as you as something we can boast about” or “that extends what we can boast about to include you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 10:14 ay6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 2 Here, the word **For** introduces Paul’s proof that the “limit” he mentioned in the previous verse does reach as far as the Corinthians (see [10:13](../10/13.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces proof for a previous statement. Alternate translation: “You can tell that is true because” or “Indeed,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) -10:14 ctjf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ & ὑπερεκτείνομεν ἑαυτούς 2 Here Paul is indicating that he and those with him have not gone beyond the “limit” that he refers to in [10:13](../10/13.md). Express the idea so that the link to the previous verse is clear. Alternate translation: “we are not going beyond our limit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -10:14 lefl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡς μὴ ἐφικνούμενοι εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 Here Paul refers to what would need to be true if he and those with him were actually **overextending** themselves. That would be true only if they did not **reach** or visit the Corinthians. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “which would only be true if we had not come to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +10:14 ctjf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ & ὑπερεκτείνομεν ἑαυτούς 2 Here Paul is indicating that he and his fellow workers have not gone beyond the “limit” that he refers to in [10:13](../10/13.md). Express the idea so that the link to the previous verse is clear. Alternate translation: “we are not going beyond our limit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +10:14 lefl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡς μὴ ἐφικνούμενοι εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 Here Paul refers to what would need to be true if he and his fellow workers were actually **overextending** themselves. That would be true only if they did not **reach** or visit the Corinthians. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “which would only be true if we had not come to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 10:14 lpiu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **for** introduces further evidence or proof for Paul’s claim that he and those with him were not **overextending** themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces evidence or proof. Alternate translation: “since in reality” or “because” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 10:14 wyzv ἐφθάσαμεν 1 Here, the phrase **we came** could indicate that: (1) Paul and those with him had already visited the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “we went” (2) Paul and those with him visited the Corinthians before Paul’s opponents visited the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “before anyone else did, we came” 10:15 hu9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: “in unmeasured ways” or “without any standards” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])