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@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ front:intro gtn1 0 # Introduction to Romans\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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1:32 p9e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἄξιοι θανάτου 1 Paul is using the adjective **worthy** as a noun in order to describe a group of people. If your language does not use adjectives in the same way, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who deserve death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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1:32 t0ls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “are worthy to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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1:32 awth rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν 1 Here, **death** refers to spiritual **death**, which is eternal punishment in hell that occurs after physical death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “are worthy to die spiritually” or “are worthy of spiritual death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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2:intro dse2 0 # Romans 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n3. All mankind is condemned because of sin (1:18–3:20)\n * All non-Jews have sinned (1:18–32)\n * All Jews have sinned (2:1–3:8)\n\nIn this chapter Paul shifts his audience from Roman Christians to people who “judge” other people and do not believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### “The Law”\n\nIn this chapter Paul uses the singular noun “the law” to refer to the group of laws that God gave Israel through Moses. Paul says that those who try to obey the Law of Moses will not be justified by trying to obey it. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nIn [verses 1–5](../02/01.md) Paul uses the singular pronoun “you” and the singular noun “man” to refer to all people in general. If your language does not use singular pronouns or singular nouns to refer to a group of people, you can use a different expression. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
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2:intro dse2 0 # Romans 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n3. All mankind is condemned because of sin (1:18–3:20)\n * All non-Jews have sinned (1:18–32)\n * All Jews have sinned (2:1–3:8)\n\nIn this chapter Paul shifts his audience from Roman Christians to people who “judge” other people and do not believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### “The Law”\n\nIn this chapter Paul uses the singular noun “the law” to refer to the group of laws that God gave Israel through Moses. Paul says that those who try to obey the law of Moses will not be justified by trying to obey it. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nIn [verses 1–5](../02/01.md) Paul uses the singular pronoun “you” and the singular noun “man” to refer to all people in general. If your language does not use singular pronouns or singular nouns to refer to a group of people, you can use a different expression. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
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2:1 y6ts rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 **Therefore** here marks a new section of the letter. It also introduces a result clause that summarizes the consequences of the behavior that Paul described in [1:18–32](../01/18.md). Use a natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “As a result” or “So then” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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2:1 d7pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd εἶ & κρίνεις & σεαυτὸν κατακρίνεις & πράσσεις, ὁ κρίνων 1 Paul uses the singular pronoun **you** here to refer to all people in general. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “every one of you is … every one of you judges … every one of you condemns yourself … every one of you who judges practices” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
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2:1 atxo ἀναπολόγητος 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:20](../01/20.md).
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@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ front:intro gtn1 0 # Introduction to Romans\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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2:2 j46f τοὺς & πράσσοντας 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:32](../01/32/.md).
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2:2 mjao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰ τοιαῦτα 1 Here, **such things** refers to the litany of “the things that are not proper” in [1:28–32](../01/28/md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “such improper things” or “these kinds of evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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2:3 zwg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion λογίζῃ δὲ τοῦτο, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, ὁ κρίνων τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντας, καὶ ποιῶν αὐτά, ὅτι σὺ ἐκφεύξῃ τὸ κρίμα τοῦ Θεοῦ? 1 Paul is using a rhetorical question here to emphasize that these judgmental people should know that God will finally judge them. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “But you should not think, O man, who judges those who are practicing such things and you are doing the same things, that you will escape from the judgment of God!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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2:3 jct9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοῦτο 1 The pronoun **this** refers to the final clause of this verse **that you will escape from the judgment of God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this fact” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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2:3 jct9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοῦτο 1 The pronoun **this** refers to the final clause of this verse **that you will escape from the judgment of God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this result” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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2:3 ysys rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure τοῦτο, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, ὁ κρίνων τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντας, καὶ ποιῶν αὐτά, ὅτι σὺ ἐκφεύξῃ τὸ κρίμα τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “that you will escape from the judgment of God, O man, who judges those who are practicing such things and you are doing the same things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
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2:3 rk75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ὦ ἄνθρωπε 1 See how you translated this phrase in [verse 1](../02/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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2:3 mo4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰ τοιαῦτα & αὐτά 1 The phrases **such things** and **the same things** refer to the litany of “the things that are not proper” in [1:28–32](../01/28/md). See how you translated **such things** in [verse 2](../02/02.md) and **the same things** in [verse 1](../02/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ front:intro gtn1 0 # Introduction to Romans\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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2:4 swj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς χρηστότητος αὐτοῦ, καὶ τῆς ἀνοχῆς, καὶ τῆς μακροθυμίας 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **kindness**, **forbearance**, and **patience**, you could express these ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “of how kind, forbearing, and patient he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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2:4 pplt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῆς χρηστότητος αὐτοῦ, καὶ τῆς ἀνοχῆς, καὶ τῆς μακροθυμίας & τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Paul is using the possessive form to describe the **kindness**, **forbearance**, and **patience** that characterize **God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “of God’s kindness, forbearance, and patience … God’s kindness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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2:4 acip rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰς μετάνοιάν σε ἄγει 1 Paul speaks of **the kindness of God** as if it were a person who could lead someone **to repentance**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God uses his kindness to cause you to repent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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2:4 u0io rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς μετάνοιάν σε ἄγει 1 Here, **to repentance** is a goal clause. Paul is stating the goal of **the kindness of God**. Use a natural way in your language to indicate a goal clause. Alternate translation: “leads you to repent” or “guides you to deeply change the way you perceive things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
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2:4 u0io rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς μετάνοιάν σε ἄγει 1 Here, **to repentance** is a goal clause. Paul is stating the goal of **the kindness of God**. Use a natural way in your language to indicate a goal clause. Alternate translation: “leads you to repent” or “guides you to completely change the way you perceive things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
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2:4 jamv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μετάνοιάν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **repentance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to deeply change the way you perceive things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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2:5 agl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor κατὰ δὲ τὴν σκληρότητά σου 1 Paul speaks of these people as if they were a hard substance. He means that these people stubbornly refuse to repent from their judgmental way of life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “But according to your stubbornness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:5 v6z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἀμετανόητον καρδίαν 1 Here, **heart** refers to a person’s will or inner being. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “unrepentant will” or “unwillingness to repent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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