Merge branch 'master' into lrsallee-tc-create-1

en_tn_41-MAT.tsv

@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ MAT	13	21	zg9q	figs-idiom	οὐκ ἔχει δὲ ῥίζαν ἐν ἑαυτῷ
 MAT	13	21	ixil	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1		What follows the word **but** is in contrast to what precedes it. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “but rather” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 MAT	13	21	lxuy	figs-abstractnouns	γενομένης δὲ θλίψεως ἢ διωγμοῦ διὰ τὸν λόγον	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas of **tribulation** and **persecution**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “people afflicted and persecuted them because of the word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 MAT	13	21	xv50	figs-synecdoche	τὸν λόγον	1		See how you translated **word** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-MAT	13	21	lim9	figs-metaphor	εὐθὺς σκανδαλίζεται	1	immediately he is caused to stumble	The expression **to stumble** means that he no longer believes God’s message. Alternate translation: “immediately he stops believing God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 
+MAT	13	21	lim9	figs-metaphor	εὐθὺς σκανδαλίζεται	1	immediately he is caused to stumble	The expression **to stumble** means that he no longer believes God’s message. Alternate translation: “immediately he stops believing God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MAT	13	22	d4h5	figs-explicit	ὁ…σπαρείς	1	that which has been sown	Here, Jesus is talking about the story of seed which was **sown** among the thorns, If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the seed having been sown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 MAT	13	22	rcj8		ὁ δὲ εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας σπαρείς	1	Now that which has been sown among the thorn plants	See how you translated **thorns** in [13:7](../13/07.md)
 MAT	13	22	a3u1	figs-synecdoche	τὸν λόγον…τὸν λόγον	2	the word	See how you translated **the word** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ MAT	16	18	x43d	figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδ
 MAT	16	18	vu9u	figs-metonymy	πύλαι ᾍδου οὐ κατισχύσουσιν αὐτῆς	1	the gates of Hades will not prevail against it	Jesus is using the term **Hades** to mean death. He is using the term **gate** to mean the power which death has over people. Once a gate is shut, people can no longer leave. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the imprisoning power of death will not overpower it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 MAT	16	19	ysk8	figs-you	δώσω σοι	1	I will give to you	Here, **you** is singular and refers to Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 MAT	16	19	pp5d	figs-metaphor	τὰς κλεῖδας τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν καὶ	1	the keys of the kingdom of the heavens	Here, Jesus is using the term **keys** to refer to someone having authority in God’s kingdom. There is some debate about how much authority Peter is given here. (1) Some interpret the second half of the verse describing the authority that Peter is given. Alternate translation: “the keys of the kingdom, so that” (2) Some say that Peter is given authority to decide who can and can not live with God forever. Alternate translation: “authority to decide who can come to live with me forever, and”. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-MAT	16	19	k09j	translate-unknown	τὰς κλεῖδας	1		Here, **keys** are things used to open a door or gate so that people are able to enter or  exit a place. They can also be used to make it so that a door cannot be opened and the people inside cannot get out. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
+MAT	16	19	k09j	translate-unknown	τὰς κλεῖδας	1		Here, **keys** are things used to open a door or gate so that people are able to enter or exit a place. They can also be used to make it so that a door cannot be opened and the people inside cannot get out. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 MAT	16	19	kc3k	figs-metonymy	τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	the kingdom of the heavens	See how you translated **the kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md).
 MAT	16	19	ef9c	figs-metaphor	ὃ ἐὰν δήσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς; καὶ ὃ ἐὰν λύσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	whatever you may have bound on the earth will be bound in the heavens, and whatever you may have loosed on the earth will be loosed in the heavens	Here, **bound** is a metaphor meaning to forbid something, and **loosed** is a metaphor meaning to allow something. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whatever you forbid to happen on the earth, it will be forbidden in heaven. And whatever you allow on the earth, it will be allowed in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MAT	16	19	dy4p	figs-metonymy	ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς…ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	2	whatever you may have bound on the earth will be bound in the heavens, and whatever you may have loosed on the earth will be loosed in the heavens	Jesus is using the phrase **in the heavens** to mean God himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by God who is in the heavens … by God who is in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1181,19 +1181,19 @@ MAT	16	28	b2pb	figs-metonymy	ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν τὸν Υἱὸν το
 MAT	16	28	etk2	figs-123person	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1		See how you translated **the Son of Man** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 MAT	17	intro	yb4k			0		# Matthew 17 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elijah<br><br>The Old Testament prophet Malachi lived many years before Jesus was born. Malachi had said that before the Messiah came a prophet named Elijah would return. Jesus explained that Malachi had been talking about John the Baptist. Jesus said this because John the Baptist had done what Malachi had said that Elijah would do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>### “transfigured”<br><br>Scripture often speaks of God’s glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Matthew says in this chapter that Jesus’ body shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God’s Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
 MAT	17	1	u6dw	grammar-connect-time-sequential	καὶ μεθ’ ἡμέρας ἓξ	1	General Information:	The phrase translated **And six days later** indicates that this event happened after the previous event that the story described. Alternate translation: “And six days after these things happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
-MAT	17	2	kq4l	figs-activepassive	μετεμορφώθη	1	he was transfigured	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he transfigured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+MAT	17	2	kq4l	figs-activepassive	μετεμορφώθη	1	he was transfigured	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God changed how he looked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 MAT	17	2	uxg3	figs-idiom	ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν	1	before them	Here, **before them** is an idiom that means in front of them. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in front of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 MAT	17	2	i1mp	figs-simile	ἔλαμψεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡς ὁ ἥλιος, τὰ δὲ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο λευκὰ ὡς τὸ φῶς	1	his face shone like the sun, and his garments became brilliant as the light	The phrases **his face shone like the sun** and **his garments became brilliant as the light** are similes describing Jesus’ appearance when it changed. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “his face shone very brightly, and his garments were very bright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-MAT	17	4	r41c	figs-exclusive	Κύριε, καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι	1	answering, Peter said	Here, the pronoun us could: (1) refer only to Peter, James, and John, in which case us would be exclusive. (2) include Jesus, in which case us would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+MAT	17	4	r41c	figs-exclusive	Κύριε, καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι	1	answering, Peter said	By **us**, Peter means himself and the other two disciples but not Jesus, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 MAT	17	4	d231	translate-unknown	σκηνάς	1	it is good for us to be here	Here, **shelters** are temporary places where people live. These are not full houses. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-MAT	17	5	an8j		ἐπεσκίασεν αὐτούς	1	overshadowed them	Here, **overshadowed** could mean: (1) That the light from the cloud made them invisible to people not on the mountain. Alternate translation: “shined brightly around them” (2) The cloud descended so that they themselves were inside the cloud. Alternate translation: “enveloped them”  
+MAT	17	5	an8j		ἐπεσκίασεν αὐτούς	1	overshadowed them	Here, **overshadowed** could mean: (1) That the light from the cloud made them invisible to people not on the mountain. Alternate translation: “blocked peoples view of them” (2) The cloud descended so that they themselves were inside the cloud. Alternate translation: “enveloped them”
 MAT	17	5	kc8t	figs-metonymy	φωνὴ ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης	1	there was a voice from the cloud	Matthew is using the term **voice** to mean God himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God spoke from the cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 MAT	17	6	wd76		καὶ ἀκούσαντες, οἱ μαθηταὶ	1	And having heard that, the disciples	Alternate translation: “And when the disciples heard God speak, they”
 MAT	17	6	a87e	figs-idiom	ἔπεσαν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν	1	fell on their face	Here, **fell on their face** is an idiom that means that the 3 disciples fell down with their faces to the ground. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fell down with their faces to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-MAT	17	7	iw4l	figs-quotations	ἁψάμενος αὐτῶν εἶπεν, ἐγέρθητε καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε	1		It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “and having touched them, told them to get up and to not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+MAT	17	7	iw4l	figs-quotations	ἁψάμενος αὐτῶν εἶπεν, ἐγέρθητε καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε	1		It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “and having touched them, he told them to get up and to not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
 MAT	17	8	i9gt	grammar-connect-exceptions	οὐδένα εἶδον εἰ μὴ αὐτὸν Ἰησοῦν μόνον	1		If it would in appear your language that Matthew was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “they only saw Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
 MAT	17	9	y9rq	figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	the Son of Man	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form as demonstrated in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-MAT	17	12	a4h7	writing-pronouns	ἐποίησαν…αὐτῶν	1	they did … them	The pronouns **they** and **them** refer to the religious leaders. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]
+MAT	17	12	a4h7	writing-pronouns	ἐποίησαν…αὐτῶν	1	they did … them	The pronouns **they** and **them** refer to the religious leaders. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the religious leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]
 MAT	17	12	i74i	figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	the Son of Man	See how you translated **Son of Man** in [17:9](../17/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 MAT	17	13	cskj	writing-background	τότε συνῆκαν οἱ μαθηταὶ ὅτι περὶ Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς	1		Matthew provides this background information to show how the disciples reacted to what Jesus has just said. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 MAT	17	15	ufb4	figs-explicit	ἐλέησόν μου τὸν υἱόν	1	have mercy on my son	See how you translated **have mercy** in [15:22](../15/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1202,34 +1202,26 @@ MAT	17	17	lyu5	figs-nominaladj	ἄπιστος	1	O unbelieving and perverse gene
 MAT	17	17	su3r	figs-rquestion	ἕως πότε μεθ’ ὑμῶν ἔσομαι? ἕως πότε ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν?	1	how long will I be with you? How long will I bear with you?	Jesus is using the question form to challenge his disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 MAT	17	18	i8kd	figs-activepassive	ἐθεραπεύθη ὁ παῖς	1	the boy was healed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “Jesus” did it. Alternate translation: “Jesus healed the boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 MAT	17	18	h2gc	figs-idiom	ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης	1	from that hour	Here, **from that hour** is an idiom that means the boy was healed instantly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “instantly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-MAT	17	19	pz9f	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	Here, **we** refers to the speakers but not the hearers and so is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+MAT	17	19	pz9f	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	By **we**, the speaker means himself and the rest of the disciples, but not Jesus, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-MAT	17	19	r9j7		διὰ τί ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἠδυνήθημεν ἐκβαλεῖν αὐτό?	1	For what reason were we not able to cast it out?	Alternate translation: “Why could we not make the demon come out of the boy?”
+MAT	17	19	sz7d	writing-pronouns	αὐτό	1		The pronoun **it** refers to the demon which Jesus threw out of the boy. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the demon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-MAT	17	20	u5ll		ἀμὴν, γὰρ λέγω ὑμῖν	1	For I truly say to you	This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. Alternate translation: “For I tell you the truth”
+MAT	17	20	uy78	figs-simile	ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως	1	if you would have faith as a mustard seed	Here, Jesus is comparing the size of a **mustard seed** with the amount of **faith** necessary to move a mountain. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “if you have even very small faith, like a small seed” or “if you have even a very small amount of faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-MAT	17	20	uy78	figs-simile	ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως	1	if you would have faith as a mustard seed	Jesus compares the size of **a mustard seed** to the amount of **faith** needed to do a miracle. A mustard seed is very small, but it grows into a large plant. Jesus means it only takes a small amount of faith to do a great miracle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+MAT	17	20	x48i	figs-doublenegatives	οὐδὲν ἀδυνατήσει ὑμῖν	1	nothing will be impossible for you	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative pronoun **nothing** and the negative word **impossible**. Alternate translation: “everything will be possible for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
-MAT	17	20	x48i	figs-doublenegatives	οὐδὲν ἀδυνατήσει ὑμῖν	1	nothing will be impossible for you	If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative **nothing … impossible**, you could state this in a positive form. Alternate translation: “you will be able to do anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
+MAT	17	22	r2cu	writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Connecting Statement:	Jesus is using the word translated **Now** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
-MAT	17	22	r2cu			0	Connecting Statement:	Here the scene shifts momentarily, and Jesus foretells his death and resurrection a second time.
+MAT	17	22	jzq8	writing-newevent	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1		Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form, as demonstrated in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-MAT	17	22	n2xs		συστρεφομένων…αὐτῶν	1	as they are gathered together	Alternate translation: “as Jesus and his disciples were gathered together”
+MAT	17	22	ff8x	figs-activepassive	μέλλει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοσθαι	1	The Son of Man is about to be delivered	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone is about to hand the Son of Man over ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-MAT	17	22	ff8x	figs-activepassive	μέλλει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοσθαι	1	The Son of Man is about to be delivered	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone will deliver the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+MAT	17	22	mmk2	figs-metonymy	μέλλει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοσθαι εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων	1	to be delivered into the hands of men	The word **hands** here is a metonym expression possession and control. People will hand Jesus over into other people’s possession so that men will have control over him. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The Son of Man is about to be handed over into the control of men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-MAT	17	22	mmk2	figs-metonymy	παραδίδοσθαι εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων	1	to be delivered into the hands of men	The word **hands** here is a metonym for the power that people use hands to exercise. Alternate translation: “to be taken and put under the power of people” or “to be taken and given to people who will control him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+MAT	17	23	hl6j	figs-123person	αὐτόν…ἐγερθήσεται	1	him … he will be raised up	Jesus is continuing to speak about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “me … I will be raised up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-MAT	17	22	i5rb	figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The Son of Man	Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
+MAT	17	23	b6g3	translate-ordinal	τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ	1	on the third day	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “three days afterwards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
-MAT	17	23	hl6j	figs-123person	αὐτόν…ἐγερθήσεται	1	him … he will be raised up	Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
+MAT	17	23	fni4	figs-idiom	ἐγερθήσεται	1	he will be raised up	Here, **he will be raised up** is an idiom that means God will bring him back from being dead. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will be brought back from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-MAT	17	23	b6g3	translate-ordinal	τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ	1	on the third day	The word **third** is the ordinal form of “three.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
+MAT	17	23	fjac	figs-activepassive	ἐγερθήσεται	1	he will be raised up	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God will raise him up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-MAT	17	23	fni4	figs-idiom	ἐγερθήσεται	1	he will be raised up	Here to be **raised up** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+MAT	17	24	jli6	writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Connecting Statement:	Jesus is using the word translated **now** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
-MAT	17	23	fjac	figs-activepassive	ἐγερθήσεται	1	he will be raised up	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will raise him up” or “God will cause him to become alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+MAT	17	24	b953	figs-explicit	τὰ δίδραχμα	1	the two-drachma tax	Here, **the two-drachma tax** is a tax that people payed to help support the temple in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the two-drachma tax in order to support the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-MAT	17	24	jli6			0	Connecting Statement:	Here the scene shifts again to a later time when Jesus teaches Peter about paying the temple tax.
+MAT	17	24	cths	translate-bmoney	τὰ δίδραχμα	1	the two-drachma tax	A **drachma** was a coin equivalent to one day’s wage. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “one day’s wage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
-MAT	17	24	t8qt		ἐλθόντων…αὐτῶν	1	when they had come	Alternate translation: “when Jesus and his disciples had come”
+MAT	17	25	yp5h	translate-kinship	ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῶν	1	What do you think, Simon? From whom do the kings of the earth receive taxes or tolls? From their sons or from strangers?	Jesus is using the term **sons** to mean citizens who live within a king’s kingdom. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From their citizens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-MAT	17	24	b953	figs-explicit	τὰ δίδραχμα	1	the two-drachma tax	This was a **tax** that Jewish men paid to support the temple in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the temple tax” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+MAT	17	26	u6xx	translate-kinship	οἱ υἱοί	1	the sons	See how you translated **sons** in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])
-MAT	17	24	cths	translate-bmoney	τὰ δίδραχμα	1	the two-drachma tax	The **drachma** was equivalent to the “denarius,” which was worth about one day’s wage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
+MAT	17	27	uhk5	figs-explicit	βάλε ἄγκιστρον	1	throw in a hook	Fishermen tied **a fishhook**, a sharp object used to catch fish, to the end of a line. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that in a way that you catch fish in your culture. Alternate translation: “go fishing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-MAT	17	25	y26n		τὴν οἰκίαν	1	the house	Alternate translation: “the place where Jesus was staying”
+MAT	17	27	t9t8	translate-bmoney	στατῆρα	1	a shekel	A **shekel** was a silver coin equivalent to four days’ wages. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “four days’ wages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
-MAT	17	25	yp5h	figs-rquestion	τί σοι δοκεῖ, Σίμων? οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς, ἀπὸ τίνων λαμβάνουσιν τέλη ἢ κῆνσον? ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῶν ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων?	1	What do you think, Simon? From whom do the kings of the earth receive taxes or tolls? From their sons or from strangers?	Jesus asks these questions to teach Simon, not to gain information for himself. If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you can express them as a statement. Alternate translation: “Listen, Simon. We know that when kings collect taxes, they collect it from people who are not members of their own family.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+MAT	17	27	km3v	figs-you	ἀντὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ	1	on behalf of me and you	Here, **you** is singular and refers to Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
-MAT	17	26	w75w	figs-quotations	εἰπόντος δέ, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων, ἔφη αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	But when he said, “From strangers,” Jesus said to him	If you translated Jesus’ questions as statements in [17:25](../17/25.md), you may need to give an alternate response here. You could also state it as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But when Peter said, ‘Yes, that is true. Kings collect taxes from people who are not their family,’ Jesus said” or “But after Peter agreed with Jesus, Jesus said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
-MAT	17	26	u6xx		οἱ υἱοί	1	the sons	Here, **the sons** refers to people who are not part of the ruler’s family.
-MAT	17	27	mwa6		ἵνα δὲ μὴ σκανδαλίσωμεν αὐτούς, πορευθεὶς	1	But in order that we might not cause them to sin, having gone	Alternate translation: “But we do not want to make the tax collectors angry. So, go”
-MAT	17	27	uhk5	figs-explicit	βάλε ἄγκιστρον	1	throw in a hook	Fishermen tied **a fishhook** to the end of a line, then threw it in the water to catch fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-MAT	17	27	ebj4		τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ	1	its mouth	Alternate translation: “the fish’s mouth”
-MAT	17	27	t9t8	translate-bmoney	στατῆρα	1	a shekel	A **shekel** was a silver coin worth four days’ wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
-MAT	17	27	ej3l		ἐκεῖνον λαβὼν, δὸς	1	Having taken that, give it	Alternate translation: “Take the shekel and give it”
-MAT	17	27	km3v	figs-you	ἀντὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ	1	on behalf of me and you	Here, **you** is singular and refers to Peter. Each man had to pay a half shekel tax. So one shekel would be enough for Jesus and Peter to pay their taxes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 MAT	18	intro	m4y6			0		# Matthew 18 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### What should Jesus’ followers do when other followers sin against them?<br><br>Jesus taught that his followers must treat each other well and not be angry with each other. They should forgive anyone who is sorry for his sin, even if he has committed the same sin before. If he is not sorry for his sin, Jesus’ followers should speak with him alone or in a small group. If he is still not sorry after that, then Jesus’ followers can treat him as guilty. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
 MAT	18	1	f7zv			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [18:35](../18/35.md), where Jesus teaches about life in the kingdom of heaven. Here, Jesus uses a little child to teach the disciples.
 MAT	18	1	iri5		τίς ἄρα μείζων ἐστὶν	1	Who therefore is greatest	Alternate translation: “Who therefore is the most important” or “Who then among us will be the most important”

en_tn_45-ACT.tsv

@@ -2898,7 +2898,7 @@ ACT	20	37	pb4r	figs-idiom	ἐπιπεσόντες ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλ
 ACT	20	37	sze4	translate-symaction	κατεφίλουν αὐτόν	1	they were kissing him	To kiss someone on the cheek was an expression of brotherly or friendly love in this culture. If this would not be clear to your readers, you can explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “they were kissing him on the cheek to express their brotherly love for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 ACT	20	38	npay	figs-metonymy	τῷ λόγῳ ᾧ εἰρήκει	1		Luke is using the term **word** to mean the statement that Paul made by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the statement that he had made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	20	38	bs3s	figs-synecdoche	οὐκέτι μέλλουσιν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ θεωρεῖν	1	they were never going to see his face again	In his statement, Paul was using one part of himself, his **face**, to represent all of himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that they were never going to see him again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-ACT	20	38	m0wr	figs-quotations	εἰρήκει, ὅτι οὐκέτι μέλλουσιν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ θεωρεῖν	1		It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “he spoke, ‘You are going to see my face no more’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+ACT	20	38	m0wr	figs-quotations	εἰρήκει, ὅτι οὐκέτι μέλλουσιν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ θεωρεῖν	1		It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “he had spoken, ‘You are going to see my face no more’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
 ACT	21	intro	gh1j			0		# Acts 21 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and Formatting<br><br>Acts 21:1-19 describes Paul’s journey to Jerusalem. After he arrived in Jerusalem, the believers there told him that the Jews wanted to harm him and advised what he should do so they would not harm him (verses 20-26). Even though Paul did what the believers told him to do, the Jews tried to kill him. The Romans rescued him and gave him a chance to speak to the Jews.<br><br>The last verse of the chapter ends with an incomplete sentence. Most translations leave the sentence incomplete, as the ULT does.<br><br>## Special Concepts in this Chapter<br><br>### “They are all determined to keep the law”<br><br>The Jews in Jerusalem were following the law of Moses. Even those who were following Jesus still kept the law. Both groups thought that Paul had been telling Jews in Greece not to keep the law. But it was only the Gentiles to whom Paul was saying that.<br><br>### Nazarite vow<br><br>The vow that Paul and his three friends made was probably a Nazarite vow, because they shaved their heads ([Acts 21:23](../21/23.md)).<br><br>### Gentiles in the temple<br><br>The Jews accused Paul of bringing a Gentile man into a part of the temple into which God only allowed Jews to go. They thought that God wanted them to punish Paul by killing him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Roman citizenship<br><br>The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens.
 ACT	21	1	s3h3	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς…ἤλθομεν	1	we…we came	As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, throughout this chapter Luke uses the pronoun **we** (as well as the pronouns “us” and “our”) to refer to himself and his traveling companions, but not to his readers. So use the exclusive form of those words if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ACT	21	1	a428	figs-activepassive	ἀποσπασθέντας ἀπ’ αὐτῶν	1	having been parted from them	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “having parted from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -2906,20 +2906,20 @@ ACT	21	1	e5y6	translate-names	Κῶ	1	Cos	The word **Cos** is the name of an isl
 ACT	21	1	p6ss	translate-names	Ῥόδον	1	Rhodes	The word **Rhodes** is the name of an island in the South Aegean Sea south of Cos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ACT	21	1	x7kg	translate-names	Πάταρα	1	Patara	The word **Patara** is the name of a city on the southwest coast of Asia Minor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ACT	21	2	nz9k	figs-personification	πλοῖον διαπερῶν εἰς Φοινίκην	1	a ship crossing over to Phoenicia	Luke is speaking of this **ship** as if it were a living thing that was **crossing over** the Mediterranean Sea to Phoenicia on its own. Luke means that the crew of this ship was sailing it to Phoenicia. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a ship whose crew would be sailing it over to Phoenicia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-ACT	21	3	vkr2	figs-idiom	καταλιπόντες αὐτὴν εὐώνυμον	1	having left it behind on the port side	The expression **leaving it behind on the left** means on the left side of the ship. Since the ship was sailing east, this means that it sailed to the south of the island of Cyprus. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express that meaning plainly. However, if the people of your culture are familiar with sea travel, you could use the corresponding expression that is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “having sailed to the south of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ACT	21	3	vkr2	figs-idiom	καταλιπόντες αὐτὴν εὐώνυμον	1	having left it behind on the port side	The expression **leaving it behind on the port side** means on the left side of the ship. Since the ship was sailing east, this means that it sailed to the south of the island of Cyprus. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express that meaning plainly. However, if the people of your culture are familiar with sea travel, you could use the corresponding expression that is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “having sailed to the south of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	21	3	a429	figs-idiom	κατήλθομεν εἰς Τύρον	1	came down to Tyre	Luke says that he and his companions **came down** to Tyre because that was the customary way in this culture of describing a person arriving somewhere after traveling by sea. Your language may have its own way of describing that. Alternate translation: “landed at Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	21	3	a430	figs-synecdoche	ἐκεῖσε…τὸ πλοῖον ἦν ἀποφορτιζόμενον τὸν γόμον	1	there the ship was unloading its cargo	Luke is using the last part of a process to represent the entire process. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ship was going there to unload its cargo” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 ACT	21	3	hwx8	figs-personification	τὸ πλοῖον ἦν ἀποφορτιζόμενον τὸν γόμον	1	the ship was unloading its cargo	Luke is speaking of this **ship** as if it were a living thing that was **unloading** its own **cargo**. Luke means that the crew of this ship was doing the unloading. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ship’s crew was to unload its cargo” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-ACT	21	4	y35m	writing-pronouns	οἵτινες τῷ Παύλῳ ἔλεγον	1	who were saying to Paul	The pronoun **who** refers to the **disciples** in Tyre. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “those disciples kept saying to Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+ACT	21	4	y35m	writing-pronouns	οἵτινες τῷ Παύλῳ ἔλεγον	1	who were saying to Paul	The pronoun **who** refers to the **disciples** in Tyre. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and you may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Those disciples kept saying to Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	21	4	a431	figs-synecdoche	ἐπιβαίνειν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα	1	to set foot in Jerusalem	The disciples were using one part of Paul, his **foot**, to represent all of him in the potential act of going to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to go to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-ACT	21	5	a432	figs-idiom	ὅτε…ἐγένετο ἡμᾶς ἐξαρτίσαι τὰς ἡμέρας	1	when it happened that we had completed the days	Luke is speaking of the seven days when he and his traveling companions were in Tyre as if those days were something they **completed**. Alternate translation: “at the end of those seven days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ACT	21	5	a432	figs-idiom	ὅτε…ἐγένετο ἡμᾶς ἐξαρτίσαι τὰς ἡμέρας	1	when it happened that we had completed the days	Luke is speaking of the seven days when he and his traveling companions were in Tyre as if those days were something they **finished**. Alternate translation: “at the end of those seven days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-ACT	21	5	a433	figs-hyperbole	πάντων	1	everyone	Luke says **they all** here as a generalization. He means all of the believers with whom he and his companions were meeting in Tyre. Alternate translation: “the believers from Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
+ACT	21	5	a433	figs-hyperbole	πάντων	1	everyone	Luke says **everyone** here as a generalization. He means all of the believers with whom he and his companions were meeting in Tyre. Alternate translation: “the believers from Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-ACT	21	5	q8xl	translate-symaction	θέντες τὰ γόνατα ἐπὶ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν προσευξάμενοι	1	having knelt down on the shore and having prayed	The travelers and their hosts knelt down as a symbolic action to show that they were approaching God humbly in prayer. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “having  humbly knelt down on the shore to pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
+ACT	21	5	q8xl	translate-symaction	θέντες τὰ γόνατα ἐπὶ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν προσευξάμενοι	1	having knelt down on the shore and having prayed	The travelers and their hosts knelt down as a symbolic action to show that they were approaching God humbly in prayer. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “having humbly knelt down on the shore to pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 ACT	21	6	a434	writing-pronouns	ἐκεῖνοι	1	those	The pronoun **those** refers to the believers from Tyre. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the believers from Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	21	7	hy6e	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς…ἐμείναμεν	1	we…we stayed	Here the word **we** refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ACT	21	7	z4nt	translate-names	Πτολεμαΐδα	1	Ptolemais	The word **Ptolemais** is the name of a city that was south of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ACT	21	7	ff1s	figs-metaphor	τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς	1	the brothers	Luke is using the term **brothers** figuratively to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the believers there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ACT	21	8	ay52	figs-explicit	ἐκ τῶν ἑπτὰ	1	from the seven	Luke assumes that his readers will understand that by **the seven**, he means the seven men who were chosen in [6:5](../06/05.md) to distribute food and other assistance to the widows among the believers. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “one of the seven men who had been chosen to oversee the assistance that the believers were providing to widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ACT	21	8	ay52	figs-explicit	ἐκ τῶν ἑπτὰ	1	from the seven	Luke assumes that his readers will understand that by **the Seven**, he means the seven men who were chosen in [6:5](../06/05.md) to distribute food and other assistance to the widows among the believers. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “one of the seven men who had been chosen to oversee the assistance that the believers were providing to widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	21	8	vi48	grammar-honorifics	τοῦ εὐαγγελιστοῦ	1	the Evangelist	Luke is using the title **evangelist** to acknowledge the special work that Philip did in proclaiming the gospel. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a descriptive phrase preceded by a comma in your translation rather than a title. Alternate translation: “, a man known for proclaiming the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-honorifics]])
 ACT	21	9	cv8b	writing-background	δὲ	1	Now	Luke uses the word **Now** to introduce background information about the **daughters** of Philip that will help readers understand what happens next in the story. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 ACT	21	9	rcf4	writing-pronouns	τούτῳ…ἦσαν θυγατέρες τέσσαρες	1	to this one were four daughters	The pronoun **this** refers to Philip. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Philip had four daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@@ -2932,7 +2932,7 @@ ACT	21	11	i8u7	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	Agabus is usi
 ACT	21	11	s92d	figs-metonymy	εἰς χεῖρας ἐθνῶν	1	into the hands of the Gentiles	Here, **hands** represents the power of someone, in this case the power of an authority to hold an accused person in custody. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “into the custody of the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	21	11	b59g	figs-synecdoche	ἐθνῶν	1	of the Gentiles	Agabus is using the name of a whole group, **the Gentiles**, to refer to one part of that group, its members who are in authority. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that plainly. Alternate translation: “of the Gentile authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 ACT	21	12	a437	figs-nominaladj	οἱ ἐντόπιοι	1	the locals	Luke is using the adjective **locals** as a noun to mean the believers who lived in that local area, that is, Caesarea. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the believers who lived in Caesarea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
-ACT	21	12	a438	figs-explicit	παρεκαλοῦμεν ἡμεῖς	1	were urging him	Luke means implicitly that this **begging** included weeping over what would happen to Paul if he went to Jerusalem, as the next verse indicates. You can include this information here if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “were weeping and urging” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ACT	21	12	a438	figs-explicit	παρεκαλοῦμεν ἡμεῖς	1	were urging him	Luke means implicitly that this **urging** included weeping over what would happen to Paul if he went to Jerusalem, as the next verse indicates. You can include this information here if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “were weeping and urging” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	21	12	a439	figs-idiom	τοῦ μὴ ἀναβαίνειν…εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	not to go up to Jerusalem	Luke says **to go up** because that was the customary way of speaking about traveling to Jerusalem, since that city is up on a mountain. Caesarea is lower in elevation. Use a natural way in your language of referring to traveling to a higher elevation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	21	13	uwt2	figs-rquestion	τί ποιεῖτε, κλαίοντες καὶ συνθρύπτοντές μου τὴν καρδίαν?	1	What are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart?	Paul is using the question form to insist that the believers in Caesarea do not need to weep over what will happen to him if he goes to Jerusalem. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Please do not weep like that, breaking my heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 ACT	21	13	bj76	figs-metaphor	συνθρύπτοντές μου τὴν καρδίαν	1	breaking my heart	Paul is speaking as if the believers in Caesarea were literally **breaking** his **heart**. He means that they are making him very sad. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “making me so sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -2971,42 +2971,42 @@ ACT	21	24	a449	grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα ξυρήσονται τὴν
 ACT	21	24	a450	figs-idiom	ὧν κατήχηνται περὶ σοῦ οὐδέν ἐστιν	1	there is nothing in the things they have been told about you	The expression **there is nothing in** these things means that they are not true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things they have been told about you are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	21	24	nu9v	figs-activepassive	κατήχηνται περὶ σοῦ	1	they have been told about you	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people have told them about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	21	24	a451	figs-rpronouns	καὶ αὐτὸς, φυλάσσων τὸν νόμον	1	also keeping the law yourself	James and the elders are using the word **yourself** for emphasis. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this emphasis. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “You too observe the law very carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
-ACT	21	25	a452	figs-ellipsis	ἡμεῖς ἀπεστείλαμεν…φυλάσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς	1	we sent that they should guard	James and the elders are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “we sent them a letter telling them that they should guard themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+ACT	21	25	a452	figs-ellipsis	ἡμεῖς ἀπεστείλαμεν…φυλάσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς	1	we sent that they should guard	James and the elders are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “we sent them a letter telling them that they should guard themselves from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ACT	21	25	bpb5	figs-nominaladj	τό…εἰδωλόθυτον… πνικτὸν	1	the idol-sacrificed…the strangled	James and the elders are using the adjectives **idol-sacrificed** and **strangled** as nouns to mean specific kinds of animals. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “animals that have been offered to idols … animals that have been killed by strangulation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 ACT	21	25	wjd2	figs-metonymy	τό…εἰδωλόθυτον… πνικτὸν	1	the idol-sacrificed…the strangled	James and the elders are referring by association to meat from animals that have been offered to idols or killed by strangulation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from eating the meat of animals that have been offered to idols … from what is killed by strangulation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	21	25	nu0i	figs-explicit	πνικτὸν	1	the strangled	God did not allow the Jews to consume blood in any form. Therefore, they could not eat the meat from an animal that had been strangled, because the blood would not have been properly drained from the body of the animal. James and the elders wanted Gentiles who believed in Jesus not to consume blood either. You can include this information if your readers need it to understand the sentence. Alternate translation: “the meat of animals that have been killed by strangulation, because this meat still contains blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	21	26	cr14	figs-explicit	τοὺς ἄνδρας	1	the men	Luke implicitly means the four **men** who had made a vow. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the men who had each made a vow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ACT	21	26	a453	figs-explicit	ἁγνισθεὶς	1	having been purified	Luke is referring implicitly to the purification ceremony that allowed Paul and these men to enter the temple area. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “having been purified so that they could enter the temple area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ACT	21	26	a453	figs-explicit	ἁγνισθεὶς	1	having been purified	Luke is referring implicitly to the purification ceremony that allowed Paul and these men to enter the temple area. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “having been purified in order to enter the temple area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	21	26	s8z9	figs-activepassive	ἁγνισθεὶς	1	having been purified	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “having participated in a purification ceremony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ACT	21	26	xu9r	figs-metonymy 	τὸ ἱερόν	1	the temple	Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so when Luke says **the temple** here, he means the courtyard associated with the temple. Alternate translation: “the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ACT	21	26	xu9r	figs-metonymy	τὸ ἱερόν	1	the temple	Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so when Luke says **the temple** here, he means the courtyard associated with the temple. Alternate translation: “the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	21	26	a454	figs-possession	διαγγέλλων τὴν ἐκπλήρωσιν τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ	1	declaring the fulfillment of the days of purification	Luke is using the possessive form **the days of purification** to mean the days during which the men’s vows were in effect, at the end of which there needed to be a **purification** ceremony. Alternate translation: “declaring that the men had kept their vows for the number of days that they had promised and that they could now be purified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
 ACT	21	26	a455	figs-abstractnouns	διαγγέλλων τὴν ἐκπλήρωσιν τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ	1	announcing the fulfillment of the days of purification	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **purification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “declaring that the men had kept their vows for the number of days that they had promised and that they could now be purified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ACT	21	26	pvy3	figs-explicit	τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ	1	of the days of purification	In this case Luke is referring implicitly to a separate **purification** process from the one the men fulfilled in order to enter the temple area. He means the purification process that came at the end of a vow. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “of the days of purification at the end of their vows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	21	26	gc23	figs-activepassive	ἕως οὗ προσηνέχθη ὑπὲρ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου αὐτῶν ἡ προσφορά	1	until the offering was offered for each one of them	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “until each one of them offered an offering for himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	21	27	j9zm	figs-explicit	αἱ ἑπτὰ ἡμέραι	1	the seven days	Luke assumes that his readers will understand that he means the **seven days** that were customarily required for the offerings and purification ceremony at the end of a vow. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the seven days that it took to purify these men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	21	27	a456	figs-explicit	οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀσίας Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews from Asia	Luke implicitly means some **Jews from Asia** who had come to Jerusalem for the Pentecost festival, as described in [20:16](../20/16.md). You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “some Jews from Asia who had come to Jerusalem for the Pentecost festival” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ACT	21	27	k4l1	figs-metonymy 	ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	in the temple	Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so when Luke says **the temple** here, he means the courtyard associated with the temple. Alternate translation: “the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ACT	21	27	k4l1	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	in the temple	Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so when Luke says **the temple** here, he means the courtyard associated with the temple. Alternate translation: “the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ACT	21	27	a457	figs-hyperbole	συνέχεον πάντα τὸν ὄχλον	1	were agitating the whole crowd	Luke says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “were making the people in the crowd very agitated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
+ACT	21	27	a457	figs-hyperbole	συνέχεον πάντα τὸν ὄχλον	1	were agitating the whole crowd	Luke says **whole** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “were making many people in the crowd very agitated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 ACT	21	27	a458	figs-explicit	τὸν ὄχλον	1	the whole crowd	By the **crowd**, Luke implicitly means the crowd of people who had come to Jerusalem from all over the Roman Empire for the Pentecost festival. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the whole crowd of people who had come to Jerusalem for the Pentecost festival” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	21	27	mks6	figs-metonymy	ἐπέβαλον ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας	1	laid their hands on him	The expression **laid hands on** means to arrest or detain someone, by association with the way that arresting officers or concerned citizens might physically take hold of a person with their **hands**. Alternate translation: “they held onto him” or “they detained him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	21	28	a459	figs-idiom	ἄνδρες, Ἰσραηλεῖται	1	Men, Israelites	This is an idiomatic form of address. Use a way that is natural in your language to refer to a particular group of people. Alternate translation: “You Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	21	28	a460	figs-hyperbole	πάντας πανταχῇ	1	all everywhere	The Jews from Asia are saying **all** and **everywhere** as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “people throughout the empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 ACT	21	28	sfg3	figs-explicit	τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ τοῦ νόμου, καὶ τοῦ τόπου τούτου	1	the people and the law and this place	The Jews from Asia assume that their listeners will understand that they are referring to the special status of the people of Israel as God’s chosen people, the law of Moses, and the temple in Jerusalem. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel and the law of Moses and this temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	21	28	jc9q	figs-explicit	εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν	1	into the temple	The Jews from Asia assume that their listeners will understand that only Jewish males were allowed in certain areas of the courtyard of the Jerusalem **temple** and that they are accusing Paul of bringing **Greeks** into those areas. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “into areas of the temple courtyard where they are not allowed to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ACT	21	28	a461	figs-metonymy 	τὸ ἱερὸν	1	the temple	Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so when Luke says **the temple** here, he means the courtyard associated with the temple. Alternate translation: “the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ACT	21	28	a461	figs-metonymy	τὸ ἱερὸν	1	the temple	Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so when Luke says **the temple** here, he means the courtyard associated with the temple. Alternate translation: “the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ACT	21	29	t2z7	translate-versebridge		1		In this verse, Luke is giving the reason why the Jews from the province of Asia thought that Paul had “defiled” the temple area by bringing “Greeks” into it. To put the reason before the result, you could create a verse bridge for verses 28–29. It might say something like this: “Now some Jews from Asia had seen Trophimus the Ephesian with Paul in the city. When they saw Paul in the temple when the seven days were about to be finished, they were thinking that Paul had brought Trophimus into the temple. So were agitating the whole crowd, and they laid {their} hands on him, shouting, “Men, Israelites, help! This is the man teaching all everywhere against the people and the law and this place. And he has even both brought Greeks into the temple and has defiled this holy place.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
+ACT	21	29	t2z7	translate-versebridge		1		In this verse, Luke is giving the reason why the Jews from the province of Asia thought that Paul had “defiled” the temple area by bringing “Greeks” into it. To put the reason before the result, you could create a verse bridge for verses 28–29. It might say something like this: “Now some Jews from Asia had seen Trophimus the Ephesian with Paul in the city. When they saw Paul in the temple when the seven days were about to be finished, they were thinking that Paul had brought Trophimus into the temple. So they were agitating the whole crowd, and they laid {their} hands on him, shouting, “Men, Israelites, help! This is the man teaching all everywhere against the people and the law and this place. And he has even both brought Greeks into the temple and has defiled this holy place.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
 ACT	21	29	h1uu	translate-names	Τρόφιμον	1	Trophimus	The word **Trophimus** is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [20:4](../20/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-ACT	21	30	st3f	figs-metonymy	ἐκινήθη…ἡ πόλις ὅλη	1	the whole city was excited	Here, the word **city** means to the people who lived in the city of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “all the people of the city became excited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ACT	21	30	st3f	figs-metonymy	ἐκινήθη…ἡ πόλις ὅλη	1	the whole city was excited	Here, the word **city** means the people who lived in the city of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “all the people of the city became excited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	21	30	upl8	figs-hyperbole	ἐκινήθη…ἡ πόλις ὅλη	1	the whole city was excited	Luke says **the whole** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “the people of the city were very excited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 ACT	21	30	a462	figs-activepassive	ἐκινήθη…ἡ πόλις ὅλη	1	the whole city was excited	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of the city were very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ACT	21	30	a463	figs-metonymy 	ἔξω τοῦ ἱεροῦ	1	outside of the temple	Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so when Luke says **the temple** here, he means the courtyard associated with the temple. Alternate translation: “of the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ACT	21	30	a463	figs-metonymy	ἔξω τοῦ ἱεροῦ	1	outside of the temple	Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so when Luke says **the temple** here, he means the courtyard associated with the temple. Alternate translation: “of the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	21	30	mmaa	figs-activepassive	ἐκλείσθησαν αἱ θύραι	1	the doors were shut	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, the context suggests that it would have been the temple gatekeepers. Alternate translation: “the gatekeepers shut the doors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	21	30	xd6r	figs-explicit	ἐκλείσθησαν αἱ θύραι	1	the doors were shut	The implication is that the gatekeepers **shut** the **doors** to the temple courtyard once the mob dragged Paul outside so that the mob would not defile the temple precincts by killing Paul within them. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the gatekeepers shut the doors so that the mob would not defile the temple courtyard by killing Paul there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	21	31	a464	writing-pronouns	ζητούντων τε αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι	1	And as they were seeking to kill him	The pronoun **they** refers to the mob, and the pronoun **him** refers to Paul. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And as the mob was seeking to kill Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	21	31	d6vt	figs-personification	ἀνέβη φάσις τῷ χιλιάρχῳ τῆς σπείρης	1	a report came up to the commander of the guard	Luke is speaking of this **report** as if they were a living thing that **came up to the commander** on its own. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a messenger brought a report to the commander of the guard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 ACT	21	31	hu5r	figs-idiom	ἀνέβη φάσις τῷ χιλιάρχῳ τῆς σπείρης	1	a report came up to the commander of the guard	Luke uses the phrase **came up ** because the commander was in a fortress connected to the temple that was higher in elevation than the temple courtyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a messenger brought a report to the commander of the guard up in the temple fortress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	21	31	p85a	translate-unknown	τῷ χιλιάρχῳ τῆς σπείρης	1	to the chiliarch of the cohort	A **chiliarch** was an officer in the Roman army who was in charge of a group of 1,000 soldiers. A **cohort** was a large military guard unit. Alternate translation: “to the commander of the military guard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-ACT	21	31	u65r	figs-metonymy	ὅλη συνχύννεται Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	all Jerusalem was agitated	Here, the word **Jerusalem** means to the people who lived in the city of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “all the people who lived in the city of Jerusalem were agitated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ACT	21	31	u65r	figs-metonymy	ὅλη συνχύννεται Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	all Jerusalem was agitated	Here, the word **Jerusalem** means the people who lived in the city of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “all the people who lived in the city of Jerusalem were agitated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	21	31	zgas	figs-hyperbole	ὅλη συνχύννεται Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	all Jerusalem was agitated	Luke says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in the city of Jerusalem were very agitated” or “the people who lived in the city of Jerusalem were rioting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 ACT	21	31	a465	figs-activepassive	ὅλη συνχύννεται Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	all Jerusalem was agitated	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “something was greatly agitating the people who lived in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	21	32	j81t	writing-pronouns	ὃς ἐξαυτῆς παραλαβὼν στρατιώτας καὶ ἑκατοντάρχας, κατέδραμεν ἐπ’ αὐτούς	1	who, immediately taking soldiers and centurions, ran down to them	The pronoun **who** refers to the chiliarch (the Roman commander), and the pronoun **them** refer to the people who were rioting. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “The commander immediately took soldiers and centurions and ran down to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@@ -3021,18 +3021,18 @@ ACT	21	34	qcc6	figs-activepassive	ἐκέλευσεν ἄγεσθαι αὐτὸ
 ACT	21	35	h9n7	figs-activepassive	βαστάζεσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν	1	he was carried by the soldiers	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers carried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	21	35	a467	figs-abstractnouns	διὰ τὴν βίαν τοῦ ὄχλου	1	because of the violence of the crowd	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **violence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because the crowd was so violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ACT	21	36	kax6	figs-euphemism	αἶρε αὐτόν	1	Take him away	The crowd is using somewhat milder and less exact language to ask for Paul’s death. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use a mild way of referring to this in your language or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Put him to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-ACT	21	37	j9xk	figs-activepassive	μέλλων…εἰσάγεσθαι εἰς τὴν παρεμβολὴν, ὁ Παῦλος	1	as Paul was about to be brought into the fortress	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “as the soldiers were about to bring Paul inside the fortress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ACT	21	37	j9xk	figs-activepassive	μέλλων…εἰσάγεσθαι εἰς τὴν παρεμβολὴν, ὁ Παῦλος	1	as Paul was about to be brought into the fortress	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “as the soldiers were about to bring Paul inside the fortress, Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	21	37	a468		ὁ Παῦλος λέγει	1	Paul says	To call attention to a development in the story, here Luke uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Paul said”
 ACT	21	37	a469	figs-quotations	ὁ Παῦλος λέγει τῷ χιλιάρχῳ, εἰ ἔξεστίν μοι εἰπεῖν τι πρὸς σέ?	1	Paul says to the chiliarch, “If it is permitted for me to say something to you?”	Luke is recording how Paul used the typical form in his language for asking questions. It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “Paul asked the chiliarch if it was permitted for him to say something to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
 ACT	21	37	p5cd	figs-rquestion	Ἑλληνιστὶ γινώσκεις?	1	Do you know Greek?	The commander is using the question form to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You know Greek!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-ACT	21	38	xx2w	figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἄρα σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος…?	1	Are you not then the Egyptian…?	The commander is using the question form to emphasize the conclusion he has drawn about Paul. Jews who spoke Greek typically came from somewhere outside of Palestine, and since Paul seems to be someone whom the Jews in Jerusalem consider to be very dangerous, the commander concludes that he must be **the Egyptian** he knows about. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Then you must be the Egyptian … !” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+ACT	21	38	xx2w	figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἄρα σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος…?	1	Are you not then the Egyptian…?	The commander is using the question form to emphasize the conclusion he has drawn about Paul. Jews who spoke Greek typically came from somewhere outside of Palestine, and since Paul seems to be someone whom the Jews in Jerusalem consider to be very dangerous, the commander concludes that he must be **the Egyptian** he knows about. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Then you must not be the Egyptian … !” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 ACT	21	38	p2ym	translate-transliterate	τῶν σικαρίων	1	of the Sicarii	The term **Sicarii** is a Latin word. Luke spells it out using Greek letters so his readers will know how it sounds. The term means an assassin and it comes from the Latin word for a dagger. In this context, it refers to a group of Jewish rebels who carried daggers under their robes and killed Romans and people who supported the Romans. In your translation, you could spell this the way it sounds in your language, or you could use a term with the same meaning. Alternate translation: “of the Assassins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
 ACT	21	39	a470	translate-names	Ταρσεὺς	1	a Tarsian	The word **Tarsian** is the name for someone who comes from the city of Tarsus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-ACT	21	39	a471	figs-litotes	οὐκ ἀσήμου πόλεως πολίτης	1	a not undistinguished city	Paul is using a figure of speech that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a distinguished city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
+ACT	21	39	a471	figs-litotes	οὐκ ἀσήμου πόλεως πολίτης	1	a not undistinguished city	Paul is using a figure of speech that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a very distinguished city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 ACT	21	39	a139	figs-imperative	ἐπίτρεψόν μοι	1	allow me	This is an imperative, but as Paul’s phrase **I ask of you** shows, it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “please allow me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
-ACT	21	40	qp2q	writing-pronouns	ἐπιτρέψαντος…αὐτοῦ	1	when he had allowed	The pronoun **he** refers to the Roman commander. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the commander allowed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+ACT	21	40	qp2q	writing-pronouns	ἐπιτρέψαντος…αὐτοῦ	1	when he had allowed	The pronoun **he** refers to the Roman commander. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “when the commander allowed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	21	40	rk1y	translate-symaction	κατέσεισε τῇ χειρὶ τῷ λαῷ	1	motioned with his hand to the people	This likely means that Paul waved his hand to get the attention of the audience and signal that he was about to speak. He did this to quiet them. Alternate translation: “waved his hand to the people to signal that he was about to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-ACT	22	intro	gq5g			0		# Acts 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the second account of Paul’s conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul’s conversion. (See: [Acts 9](../09/01.md) and [Acts 26](../26/01.md))<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “In the Hebrew language”<br><br>Most Jews at this time spoke Aramaic and Greek. Most of the people who spoke Hebrew were educated Jewish scholars. This is why the people paid attention when Paul started speaking in Hebrew.<br><br>### “The Way”<br><br>No one knows for sure who first started calling believers “followers of the Way.” This is probably what the believers called themselves, because the Bible often speaks of a person living his life as if that person were walking on a path or “way.” If this is true, the believers were “following the way of the Lord” by living in a way that pleased God.<br><br>### Roman citizenship<br><br>The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. The “chief captain” could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way he would treat a non-citizen.
+ACT	22	intro	gq5g			0		# Acts 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and Formatting<br><br>This is the second account of Paul’s conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul’s conversion. (See: [Acts 9](../09/01.md) and [Acts 26](../26/01.md))<br><br>## Special Concepts in this Chapter<br><br>### “In the Hebrew language”<br><br>Most Jews at this time spoke Aramaic and Greek. Most of the people who spoke Hebrew were educated Jewish scholars. This is why the people paid attention when Paul started speaking in Hebrew.<br><br>### “The Way”<br><br>No one knows for sure who first started calling believers “followers of the Way.” This is probably what the believers called themselves, because the Bible often speaks of a person living his life as if that person were walking on a path or “way.” If this is true, the believers were “following the way of the Lord” by living in a way that pleased God.<br><br>### Roman citizenship<br><br>The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. The “chief captain” could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way he would treat a noncitizen.
 ACT	22	1	lrs0	figs-idiom	ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες	1	Men, brothers and fathers	This is an idiomatic form of address. Use a way that is natural in your language to refer to a particular group of people. Alternate translation: “You brothers and fathers of mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	22	1	xe46	figs-metaphor	ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες	1	Men, brothers and fathers	Paul is using the word **brothers** to refer to his fellow Israelites. He is using the word **fathers** to refer either to Jewish leaders who may be present or to Jewish men who are older than he is. In both cases he is speaking respectfully. Alternate translation: “My fellow Israelites and you leaders of Israel” or “My fellow Israelites young and old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ACT	22	1	pe8t	figs-imperative	ἀκούσατέ μου τῆς πρὸς ὑμᾶς νυνὶ	1	hear to my defense to you now	This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “please listen as I explain myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
@@ -3043,7 +3043,7 @@ ACT	22	3	g311	figs-activepassive	ἀνατεθραμμένος δὲ ἐν τῇ
 ACT	22	3	b1dq	translate-names	Γαμαλιήλ	1	of Gamaliel	The word **Gamaliel** is the name of the man who was one of the most prominent teachers of the Jewish law at this time. See how you translated his name in [5:34](../05/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ACT	22	3	iz4g	figs-abstractnouns	κατὰ ἀκρίβειαν	1	according to the strictness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **strictness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “according to the most strict interpretation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ACT	22	3	lqk7	figs-metaphor	πατρῴου	1	of our fathers	Peter is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ACT	22	3	dbl4		καθὼς πάντες ὑμεῖς ἐστε σήμερον	1	just as all of you are today	Paul compares himself with the crowd. Alternate translation: “in the same way all of you are today”
+ACT	22	3	dbl4		καθὼς πάντες ὑμεῖς ἐστε σήμερον	1	just as all of you are today	Paul compares himself with the crowd. Alternate translation: “in the same way that all of you are today”
 ACT	22	4	dr8c	figs-abstractnouns	ὃς ταύτην τὴν Ὁδὸν ἐδίωξα ἄχρι θανάτου	1	who persecuted this Way unto death	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “who persecuted this Way to the point of killing those who belonged to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ACT	22	4	a474	writing-pronouns	ὃς…ἐδίωξα	1	who persecuted	Paul is using the pronoun **who** to refer to himself. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “I persecuted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	22	4	jy3z	figs-metonymy	ταύτην τὴν Ὁδὸν	1	this Way	Here, **this Way** represents the people who belonged to the group called the Way. Alternate translation: “I persecuted the people who belonged to the group called the Way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -3060,11 +3060,11 @@ ACT	22	7	a477	figs-rquestion	τί με διώκεις?	1	why are you persecuting
 ACT	22	8	a478	figs-quotesinquotes	ἐγὼ δὲ ἀπεκρίθην, τίς εἶ, κύριε? εἶπέν τε πρὸς ἐμέ, ἐγώ εἰμι Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος , ὃν σὺ διώκεις	1	And I answered, ‘Who are you, Lord?’ And he said to me, ‘I am Jesus the Nazarene, whom you are persecuting’	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And in response I asked this divine figure who he was, and he told me that he was Jesus the Nazarene, whom I was persecuting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
 ACT	22	8	a479	writing-politeness	τίς εἶ, κύριε	1	Who are you, Lord	Paul was not yet acknowledging that Jesus was **Lord**. He used that respectful title because he recognized that he was speaking to someone of divine power. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could use a similar term of respect. Alternate translation: “Who are you, Sir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness]])
 ACT	22	9	h95h	figs-idiom	τὴν…φωνὴν οὐκ ἤκουσαν	1	they did not hear the voice	In this context the word **hear** likely means “understand,” since Luke says in [9:7](../01/01.md) that the men traveling with Paul did actually hear the voice. You may wish to make this clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “they did not understand the voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-ACT	22	10	a480	figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπον δέ, τί ποιήσω, Κύριε? ὁ δὲ Κύριος εἶπεν πρός με, ἀναστὰς πορεύου εἰς Δαμασκόν, κἀκεῖ σοι λαληθήσεται περὶ πάντων ὧν τέτακταί σοι ποιῆσαι	1	But I said, ‘What should I do, Lord?’ And the Lord said to me, ‘Arising, go into Damascus, and there it will be told to you about all that has been appointed to you to do.’	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But I asked the Lord what I should do, and the Lord told me to get up and go into Damascus, because there it would be told to me about all that had been appointed to me to do.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
+ACT	22	10	a480	figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπον δέ, τί ποιήσω, Κύριε? ὁ δὲ Κύριος εἶπεν πρός με, ἀναστὰς πορεύου εἰς Δαμασκόν, κἀκεῖ σοι λαληθήσεται περὶ πάντων ὧν τέτακταί σοι ποιῆσαι	1	But I said, ‘What should I do, Lord?’ And the Lord said to me, ‘Arising, go into Damascus, and there it will be told to you about all that has been appointed to you to do.’	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But I asked the Lord what I should do, and the Lord told me to get up and go into Damascus, because there it would be told to me about all that had been appointed to me to do’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
 ACT	22	10	a91a	figs-activepassive	σοι λαληθήσεται	1	it will be told to you	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone will tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	22	10	a481	figs-activepassive	πάντων ὧν τέτακταί	1	all that has been appointed	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “all that God has appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	22	11	n1kb	figs-abstractnouns	ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης τοῦ φωτὸς ἐκείνου	1	because of the glory of that light	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because that light was so bright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ACT	22	11	qyf0	figs-activepassive	χειραγωγούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν συνόντων μοι	1	being led by the hand by the ones being with me	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “with those who were with me leading me by the hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ACT	22	11	qyf0	figs-activepassive	χειραγωγούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν συνόντων μοι	1	being led by the hand by the ones being with me	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “with the ones being with me leading me by the hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	22	11	a482	figs-go	ἦλθον	1	I came	In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “I went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
 ACT	22	12	a17q	writing-participants	τις ἀνὴρ εὐλαβὴς	1	a certain devout man	Paul is using the phrase **a certain devout man** to introduce **Ananias** as a new participant in his story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
 ACT	22	12	e7uw	figs-activepassive	μαρτυρούμενος ὑπὸ πάντων τῶν κατοικούντων Ἰουδαίων	1	being attested by all the Jews living there	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom all the Jews there attested” or “of whom all the Jews there spoke well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -3072,12 +3072,12 @@ ACT	22	13	a483	figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπέν μοι, Σαοὺλ, ἀδελφ
 ACT	22	13	un4g	figs-metaphor	Σαοὺλ, ἀδελφέ	1	Saul, brother	Ananias was using the word **brother** as a title for **Saul**. The two men were not actual brothers. This could mean: (1) that Ananias was already addressing Saul as someone who shared the same faith. Alternate translation: “Saul, my fellow believer” (2) that Ananias is addressing Saul as a fellow Israelite, as the word “brother” is used in [3:17](../03/17.md) and many other places in this book. Alternate translation: “Saul, my fellow Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ACT	22	13	a484	figs-imperative	ἀνάβλεψον	1	look up	In one sense, this was not a command that Paul was capable of obeying, since he could not see. Instead, it was a command that directly caused him to be healed, if he would **look up** as if he could see. Alternate translation: “if you look up, you will be able to see” or see next note for another possibility. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative)
 ACT	22	13	x3kc	figs-idiom	ἀνάβλεψον	1	look up	The expression **look up** can also mean “see again,” that is, to have one’s sight restored. If this is the meaning, then Ananias was telling Paul what Jesus was going to do for him. Alternate translation: “Jesus is restoring your sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-ACT	22	13	se47	figs-idiom	αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ	1	in the same hour	In the ancient world, an **hour** was the shortest time span that people envisioned. In this context, the term does not mean a literal hour of sixty minutes, it means the shortest time imaginable. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “right that instant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ACT	22	13	se47	figs-idiom	αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ	1	in the same hour	In the ancient world, an **hour** was the shortest time span that people envisioned. In this context, the term does not mean a literal hour of 60 minutes, but it means the shortest time imaginable. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “right at that instant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	22	13	x4s0	figs-explicit	κἀγὼ…ἀνέβλεψα εἰς αὐτόν	1	And…I looked up to him	Paul means implicitly that when he **looked up** at Ananias, he was able to see him clearly. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And … when I looked up at him, I could see him” or see next note for another possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	22	14	a485	figs-quotesinquotes	ὁ δὲ εἶπεν, ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν προεχειρίσατό σε γνῶναι τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἰδεῖν τὸν Δίκαιον, καὶ ἀκοῦσαι φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ	1	And he said, ‘The God of our fathers appointed you to know his will and to see the Righteous One and to hear the voice from his mouth	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And he told me that the God of our fathers had appointed me to know his will and to see the Righteous One and to hear the voice from his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
 ACT	22	14	a486	figs-metaphor	τῶν πατέρων	1	fathers	Paul is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ACT	22	14	a487	figs-nominaladj	τὸν Δίκαιον	1	the Righteous One	Ananias is using the adjective **Righteous** as a noun to mean a particular person who is righteous. ULT adds the word **one** to show that. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the One who is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
-ACT	22	14	a488	figs-metonymy	τὸν Δίκαιον	1	the Righteous One	Ananais is referring to the Messiah by association with the way the Messiah was **Righteous**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ACT	22	14	a488	figs-metonymy	τὸν Δίκαιον	1	the Righteous One	Ananias is referring to the Messiah by association with the way the Messiah was **Righteous**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	22	14	dg8q	figs-explicitinfo	φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ	1	the voice from his own mouth	It might seem that the expression **the voice from his own mouth** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “his own voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
 ACT	22	15	a489	figs-quotesinquotes	ὅτι ἔσῃ μάρτυς αὐτῷ πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους, ὧν ἑώρακας καὶ ἤκουσας	1	for you will be a witness for him to all men of what you have seen and heard	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation, continuing from the previous verse: “because I would be a witness for him to all men of what I had seen and heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
 ACT	22	15	i5q8	figs-gendernotations	πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους	1	to all men	Although the term **men** is masculine, Ananias was using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
@@ -3086,13 +3086,13 @@ ACT	22	16	bhg9		καὶ νῦν	1	And now	Here, **now** does not mean “at this
 ACT	22	16	mmx9	figs-rquestion	τί μέλλεις?	1	why are you delaying?	
 ACT	22	16	a491	figs-idiom	ἀναστὰς	1	Arising	Here the term **arising** means that Ananias wanted Paul to take action, not that he wanted him to stand up from a sitting or lying position. Alternate translation: “Come on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	22	16	lt2i	figs-activepassive	βάπτισαι	1	be baptized	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “receive baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ACT	22	16	zr5p	figs-metaphor	καὶ ἀπόλουσαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου	1	and wash away your sins	Ananias is speaking as if Paul could literally **wash away** his **sins**. He is using a word picture to convey his meaning. He means that just as washing one’s body removes dirt, if Paul repents and asks Jesus for forgiveness, Jesus release him from the guilt and power sin. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to show that you are asking Jesus to free you from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ACT	22	16	zr5p	figs-metaphor	καὶ ἀπόλουσαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου	1	and wash away your sins	Ananias is speaking as if Paul could literally **wash away** his **sins**. He is using a word picture to convey his meaning. He means that just as washing one’s body removes dirt, if Paul repents and asks Jesus for forgiveness, Jesus releases him from the guilt and power sin. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to show that you are asking Jesus to free you from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ACT	22	16	g5dq	figs-metonymy	ἐπικαλεσάμενος τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ	1	calling on his name	Here, **name** represents a person by association with the way that each person has a name. Alternate translation: “calling on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	22	16	a492	figs-explicit	τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ	1	his name	By **his name**, Ananias implicitly means the name of Jesus. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the name of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	22	17	its2	writing-newevent	ἐγένετο δέ μοι	1	And it happened to me that	Paul is using this phrase to introduce a significant development in his story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new development. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 ACT	22	18	a493	figs-quotesinquotes	καὶ ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν λέγοντά μοι, σπεῦσον καὶ ἔξελθε ἐν τάχει ἐξ Ἰερουσαλήμ, διότι οὐ παραδέξονταί σου μαρτυρίαν περὶ ἐμοῦ	1	And I saw him saying to me, ‘Hurry and go away in haste from Jerusalem, because they will not accept your testimony about me’	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And I saw him telling me to hurry and go away in haste from Jerusalem because they would not accept my testimony about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
-ACT	22	18	jy2c	writing-pronouns	αὐτὸν	1	him	The pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+ACT	22	18	jy2c	writing-pronouns	αὐτὸν	1	him	The pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ACT	22	18	a494	figs-doublet	σπεῦσον καὶ ἔξελθε ἐν τάχει	1	Hurry and go away in haste	The expressions **hurry** and **in haste** mean similar things. Jesus was using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Go away as fast as you can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+ACT	22	18	a494	figs-doublet	σπεῦσον καὶ ἔξελθε ἐν τάχει	1	Hurry and go away in haste	The expressions **Hurry** and **in haste** mean similar things. Jesus was using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Go away as fast as you can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 ACT	22	19	a495	figs-quotesinquotes	κἀγὼ εἶπον, Κύριε, αὐτοὶ ἐπίστανται ὅτι ἐγὼ ἤμην φυλακίζων καὶ δέρων κατὰ τὰς συναγωγὰς, τοὺς πιστεύοντας ἐπὶ σέ	1	And I said, ‘Lord, they themselves know that I was imprisoning and beating by synagogues those who believed in you	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And I told the Lord that they themselves knew that I was imprisoning and beating by synagogues those who believed in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
 ACT	22	19	q5cl	writing-pronouns	αὐτοὶ ἐπίστανται	1	they themselves know	The pronouns **they themselves** refers to the non-believing Jews in Jerusalem. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the Jews here in Jerusalem who do not believe in you know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	22	19	im4n	figs-rpronouns	αὐτοὶ ἐπίστανται	1	they themselves know	Paul is adding the word **themselves** for emphasis. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this emphasis. Alternate translation: “they know very well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
@@ -3101,17 +3101,17 @@ ACT	22	20	udrd	figs-activepassive	ἐξεχύννετο τὸ αἷμα Στεφ
 ACT	22	20	y7t1	figs-metonymy	ἐξεχύννετο τὸ αἷμα Στεφάνου τοῦ μάρτυρός σου	1	the blood of Stephen your witness was spilled	Paul is referring to Stephen’s death by association with the way his **blood** was **spilled** when his enemies killed him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the enemies of Stephen your witness killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	22	21	a497	figs-quotesinquotes	καὶ εἶπεν πρός με, πορεύου, ὅτι ἐγὼ εἰς ἔθνη μακρὰν ἐξαποστελῶ σε	1	But he said to me, ‘Go, because I will send you far away to the Gentiles’”	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But he told me to go because he would send me far away to the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
 ACT	22	22	a498	figs-metonymy	τούτου τοῦ λόγου	1	this word	This could mean: (1) that the crowd became upset when they heard the specific **word** “Gentiles.” Alternate translation: “they heard the word ‘Gentiles’ (2) that the term **word** means what Paul said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Paul say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ACT	22	22	a499	figs-metaphor	ἐπῆραν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῶν λέγοντες	1	they lifted up their voice, saying	Luke is speaking as if crowd in Jerusalem literally **lifted up** its **voice**. He means that they spoke loudly. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they shouted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ACT	22	22	a499	figs-metaphor	ἐπῆραν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῶν λέγοντες	1	they lifted up their voice, saying	Luke is speaking as if the crowd in Jerusalem literally **lifted up** its **voice**. He means that they spoke loudly. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they shouted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ACT	22	22	a500		τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῶν	1	their voice	If you would like to retain the metaphor in your translation of lifting up a voice but it would be unusual in your language to speak as if a whole group of people had one **voice**, you could make this plural. Alternate translation: “their voices”
+ACT	22	22	a500		τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῶν	1	their voice	If you would like to retain the metaphor in your translation of "lifting up a voice" but it would be unusual in your language to speak as if a whole group of people had one **voice**, you could make this plural. Alternate translation: “their voices”
-ACT	22	22	ta8z	figs-metonymy	αἶρε ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς τὸν τοιοῦτον	1	Remove such a one from the earth	The crowd is referring to Pauls death by association with the way they would **remove** him **from the earth** if they killed him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Kill such a one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ACT	22	22	ta8z	figs-metonymy	αἶρε ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς τὸν τοιοῦτον	1	Remove such a one from the earth	The crowd is referring to Paul's death by association with the way they would **remove** him **from the earth** if they killed him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Kill such a one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ACT	22	22	a501	figs-explicit	οὐ…καθῆκεν αὐτὸν ζῆν	1	it was not right for him to live	The crowd means implicitly that it was **not right** for Paul to **live** even long enough to offer the explanation he was giving. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “we should have killed him even before he spoke to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ACT	22	22	a501	figs-explicit	οὐ…καθῆκεν αὐτὸν ζῆν	1	it was not right for him to live	The crowd meant implicitly that it was **not right** for Paul to **live** even long enough to offer the explanation he was giving. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “we should have killed him even before he spoke to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	22	23	b6a7	translate-symaction	ῥιπτούντων τὰ ἱμάτια	1	casting off their outer garments	When the people in the crowd removed their outer garments, this was at least a symbolic action indicating that they felt they should stone Paul to death. They took off their long robes as they would have done in order to throw stones at Paul more easily. But some of the people may actually have intended to try to stone Paul even though he was in the custody of the Roman soldiers. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “casting off their outer garments as if they were going to throw stones at Paul to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 ACT	22	23	a502	translate-symaction	κονιορτὸν βαλλόντων εἰς τὸν ἀέρα	1	throwing dust into the air	This could mean: (1) that the people in the crowd were **throwing dust into the air** to symbolize how they wanted to throw stones at Paul, who was on the steps above them. Alternate translation: “throwing dust into the air as if they were throwing stones at Paul” (2) that the people in the crowd were doing this to demonstrate how angry they were. Alternate translation: “angrily throwing dust into the air” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 ACT	22	24	h6gp	figs-activepassive	ἐκέλευσεν…εἰσάγεσθαι αὐτὸν	1	ordered him to be brought	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “ordered his soldiers to bring him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	22	24	sth6		τὴν παρεμβολήν	1	the fortress	This **fortress** was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [21:34](../21/34.md).
 ACT	22	24	og3n	figs-activepassive	εἴπας μάστιξιν ἀνετάζεσθαι αὐτὸν	1	commanding him to be examined by scourges	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “commanding his soldiers to examine him by scourges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ACT	22	24	pz47	figs-metonymy	εἴπας μάστιξιν ἀνετάζεσθαι αὐτὸν	1	commanding him to be examined by scourges	The commanded did not want **scourges** to conduct this examination. Luke is referring to the act of whipping someone by association with the instruments that the commander ordered his soldiers to use for whipping, **scourges**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “commanding his soldiers to examine him by scourging him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ACT	22	24	pz47	figs-metonymy	εἴπας μάστιξιν ἀνετάζεσθαι αὐτὸν	1	commanding him to be examined by scourges	The commander did not want **scourges** to conduct this examination. Luke is referring to the act of whipping someone by association with the instruments, **scourges**, that the commander ordered his soldiers to use for whipping. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “commanding his soldiers to examine him by scourging him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ACT	22	24	a503	translate-unknown	μάστιξιν	1	by scourges	The term **scourges** describes leathern thongs that had pieces of metal sewn up in them. Your language may have a term for a similar item that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “by whips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
+ACT	22	24	a503	translate-unknown	μάστιξιν	1	by scourges	The term **scourges** describes leathern thongs that had small pieces of metal attached to them to inflict more damage. Your language may have a term for a similar item that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “by whips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 ACT	22	25	ar63	writing-pronouns	προέτειναν	1	they stretched…out	The pronoun **they** refers to the soldiers who were going to whip Paul. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	22	25	a504	figs-quotations	εἶπεν πρὸς τὸν ἑστῶτα ἑκατόνταρχον ὁ Παῦλος, εἰ ἄνθρωπον Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον, ἔξεστιν ὑμῖν μαστίζειν?	1	Paul said to the centurion standing by, “If it is lawful for you to scourge a man Roman and uncondemned?”	Luke is recording how Paul used the typical form in his language for asking questions. It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “Paul asked the centurion who was standing by whether it was lawful for him and his soliders to scourge a man who was a Roman and had not been condemned.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
 ACT	22	25	yjw3	figs-rquestion	εἰ ἄνθρωπον Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον, ἔξεστιν ὑμῖν μαστίζειν?	1	If it is lawful for you to whip a man Roman and uncondemned?	Paul is using the question form to challenge the right of the centurion and his soldiers to whip him. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is not lawful for you to whip a man who is a Roman citizen and who is uncondemned!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -3119,21 +3119,21 @@ ACT	22	25	a505	figs-explicit	ἄνθρωπον Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκα
 ACT	22	26	pca7	figs-rquestion	τί μέλλεις ποιεῖν?	1	What are you about to do?	The centurion is using the question form to warn the commander that he should not have Paul whipped. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not be doing this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 ACT	22	26	a506	figs-synecdoche	τί μέλλεις ποιεῖν?	1	What are you about to do?	The centurion is speaking of the commander, one person who was involved in having Paul whipped, to mean everyone who was involved. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We should not be doing this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 ACT	22	26	a507	figs-explicit	Ῥωμαῖός	1	a Roman	As in the previous verse, here the term **Roman** implicitly indicates Roman citizenship. Alternate translation: “a Roman citizen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ACT	22	27	pe31	writing-pronouns	αὐτῷ…ὁ	1	to him…he	The pronouns **them** **him** and **he** refer to Paul. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Paul…he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+ACT	22	27	pe31	writing-pronouns	αὐτῷ…ὁ	1	to him…he	The pronouns **them**, **him**, and **he** refer to Paul. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Paul … he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ACT	22	28	dr2w	figs-explicit	ἐγὼ πολλοῦ κεφαλαίου τὴν πολιτείαν ταύτην ἐκτησάμην	1	I bought this citizenship with a large amount of money	The commander is saying implicitly that does not believe that Paul is a Roman citizen, because Paul does not appear to be wealthy enough to have purchased citizenship. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “It requires a large sum of money to purchase citizenship, and you do not seem to be wealthy, so I do not believe that you are a citizen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ACT	22	28	dr2w	figs-explicit	ἐγὼ πολλοῦ κεφαλαίου τὴν πολιτείαν ταύτην ἐκτησάμην	1	I bought this citizenship with a large amount of money	The commander is saying implicitly that he does not believe that Paul is a Roman citizen, because Paul does not appear to be wealthy enough to have purchased citizenship. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “It requires a large sum of money to purchase citizenship, and you do not seem to be wealthy, so I do not believe that you are a citizen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	22	28	r79c	figs-abstractnouns	ἐγὼ πολλοῦ κεφαλαίου τὴν πολιτείαν ταύτην ἐκτησάμην	1	I bought this citizenship with a large sum of money	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **citizenship**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I became a citizen by paying a large sum of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ACT	22	28	a508	figs-ellipsis	ἐγὼ…καὶ γεγέννημαι	1	I indeed was born	Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I indeed was born a citizen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ACT	22	28	rly1	figs-activepassive	ἐγὼ…καὶ γεγέννημαι	1	I indeed was born	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I indeed have been a citizen since birth” or “I indeed inherited citizenship from my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	22	29	a509	figs-explicit	ἐφοβήθη	1	was afraid	The implication is that the commander **was afraid** that the higher Roman authorities would punish him. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “was afraid that the higher Roman authorities would punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	22	30	a510	figs-nominaladj	τὸ ἀσφαλὲς	1	the certain	Luke is using the adjective **certain** as a noun to mean what was reliable or true about Paul. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 ACT	22	30	kx58	figs-explicit	ἔλυσεν αὐτόν	1	he released him	This means implicitly not that the commander **released** Paul from custody but that he freed Paul from the chains that were binding him to one solider on each side of him. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “he ordered his soldiers to unchain Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ACT	23	intro	gbw5			0		# Acts 23 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted material in 23:5.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Resurrection of the dead<br><br>The Pharisees believed that after people died, they would become alive again and God would either reward them or punish them. The Sadducees believed that once people died, they stayed dead and would never become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br><br>### “Called a curse”<br><br>Some Jews promised God that they would not eat or drink until they killed Paul, and they asked God to punish them if they did not do what they had promised to do.<br><br>### Roman citizenship<br><br>The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. The “chief captain” could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way he would treat a non-citizen.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Whitewash<br><br>This is a common metaphor in Scripture for appearing to be good or clean or righteous when one is evil or unclean or unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ACT	23	intro	gbw5			0		# Acts 23 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and Formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted material in 23:5.<br><br>## Special Concepts in this Chapter<br><br>### Resurrection of the dead<br><br>The Pharisees believed that after people died, they would become alive again and God would either reward them or punish them. The Sadducees believed that once people died, they stayed dead and would never become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br><br>### “Called a curse”<br><br>Some Jews promised God that they would not eat or drink until they killed Paul, and they asked God to punish them if they did not do what they had promised to do.<br><br>### Roman citizenship<br><br>The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. The “chief captain” could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way he would treat a non-citizen.<br><br>## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter<br><br>### Whitewash<br><br>This is a common metaphor in Scripture for appearing to be good or clean or righteous when one is evil or unclean or unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ACT	23	1	lrs1	figs-idiom	ἀδελφοί	1	Men, brothers	This is an idiomatic form of address. Use a way that is natural in your language to refer to a particular group of people. Alternate translation: “You brothers of mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ACT	23	1	lrs1	figs-idiom	ἀδελφοί	1	Men, brothers	This is an idiomatic form of address. Use a way that is natural in your language to refer to a particular group of people. Alternate translation: “brothers of mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	23	1	lrs5	figs-metaphor	ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες	1	Men, brothers and fathers	Paul is using the word **brothers** to refer respectfully to his fellow Israelites. Alternate translation: “My fellow Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ACT	23	1	nn2q	figs-hyperbole	πάσῃ συνειδήσει ἀγαθῇ	1	in all good conscience	Paul says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “in careful obedience to the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 ACT	23	2	yz4n	translate-names	Ἁνανίας	1	Ananias	**Ananias** is the name of a man. See how you translated the same name for two other men in [5:1](../05/01.md) and [9:10](../09/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ACT	23	2	a565	translate-symaction	τύπτειν αὐτοῦ τὸ στόμα	1	to strike his mouth	Ananias ordered this as a symbolic action to show that he believed Paul had said something with his **mouth** that he should not have said. If this would not be clear to your readers, you can explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “to strike his mouth because he believed Paul had said something he should not have said ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-ACT	23	3	igq4	figs-metaphor	τοῖχε κεκονιαμένε	1	you whitewashed wall	Paul is referring to the way a **wall** can be painted white to make it look clean. Paul was suggesting that in the same way, Ananias appeared to look morally innocent, but he was really full of evil intent. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you who pretend to be good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ACT	23	3	igq4	figs-metaphor	τοῖχε κεκονιαμένε	1	you whitewashed wall	Paul is referring to the way a **wall** can be painted white to make it look clean. Paul was suggesting that, in the same way, Ananias appeared to look morally innocent, but he was really full of evil intent. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you who pretend to be good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ACT	23	3	un7g	figs-rquestion	καὶ σὺ κάθῃ κρίνων με κατὰ τὸν νόμον, καὶ παρανομῶν κελεύεις με τύπτεσθαι?	1	And do you sit judging me by the law and, acting contrary to the law, command me to be struck?	Paul is using the question form to challenge Ananias for what he has done. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should certainly not sit judging me by the law while acting contrary to the law by commanding me to be struck!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 ACT	23	3	m6nb	figs-activepassive	κελεύεις με τύπτεσθαι	1	command me to be struck	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “command someone to strike me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	23	4	lkh8	figs-rquestion	τὸν ἀρχιερέα τοῦ Θεοῦ λοιδορεῖς?	1	Are you insulting the high priest of God?	The men standing by Paul are using the question form to rebuke him for saying what he said. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not insult the high priest of God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -3158,7 +3158,7 @@ ACT	23	9	a520	figs-explicit	εἰ δὲ πνεῦμα ἐλάλησεν αὐτ
 ACT	23	9	a521	figs-ellipsis	εἰ δὲ πνεῦμα ἐλάλησεν αὐτῷ, ἢ ἄγγελος …	1	And if a spirit spoke to him, or an angel …	These Pharisees are making the first part of a conditional statement and leaving the second part for the Sadduccees to realize on their own. If this would be unclear to your readers, you could supply the second part of this conditional statement in your translation. Alternate translation: “And if a spirit spoke to him, or an angel, then you should find no evil in this man either.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ACT	23	10	f568	figs-activepassive	διασπασθῇ ὁ Παῦλος ὑπ’ αὐτῶν	1	Paul be torn apart by them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they tear Paul apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	23	10	tqhu	figs-hyperbole	μὴ διασπασθῇ ὁ Παῦλος ὑπ’ αὐτῶν	1	lest Paul be torn apart by them	Luke is making an overstatement here to emphasize the danger that Paul was in. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “lest they cause Paul great physical harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-ACT	23	11	i9w5	figs-idiom	τῇ…ἐπιούσῃ νυκτὶ	1	on the following night	This expression indicates the **night** after the day Paul went before the council. In your translation, express this in the way your culture reckons time. Alternate translation: “that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ACT	23	11	i9w5	figs-idiom	τῇ…ἐπιούσῃ νυκτὶ	1	on the following night	This expression indicates the **night** after the day Paul went before the council. In your translation, express this in the way your culture reckons time. Alternate translation: “during the night that followed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	23	11	a522	writing-politeness	ὁ Κύριος	1	the Lord	Luke is referring to Jesus by a respectful title. Use a form for addressing someone respectfully in your language. Alternate translation: “the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness]])
 ACT	23	11	r4q4	figs-explicit	εἰς Ῥώμην μαρτυρῆσαι	1	to testify in Rome	Jesus assumes that Paul will know that he means Paul will **testify** about him in Rome. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to testify about me in Rome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	23	12	a523	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	Luke is using the name of a whole group, **the Jews**, to refer to some members of that group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “certain Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -3166,21 +3166,21 @@ ACT	23	12	g3sj	figs-explicit	ἀνεθεμάτισαν ἑαυτοὺς	1	cursed
 ACT	23	12	a524	figs-quotations	λέγοντες μήτε φαγεῖν μήτε πιεῖν, ἕως οὗ ἀποκτείνωσιν τὸν Παῦλον	1	saying neither to eat nor to drink until they had killed Paul	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘We will neither eat or drink until we have killed Paul’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
 ACT	23	14	a525	figs-explicitinfo	ἀναθέματι ἀνεθεματίσαμεν ἑαυτοὺς	1	We have cursed ourselves with a curse	It might seem that the expression **cursed ourselves with a curse** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “cursed ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
 ACT	23	14	a526	figs-synecdoche	μηδενὸς γεύσασθαι	1	to eat nothing	Since the men actually swore that they would **eat** or drink nothing, they are using one part of their oath to represent all of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to eat and drink nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-ACT	23	15	u8xm	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	By **we**, the conspirators mean themselves but not chief priests and leders to whom they are speaking, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+ACT	23	15	u8xm	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	By **we**, the conspirators mean themselves but not chief priests and leaders to whom they are speaking, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ACT	23	15	a527	figs-imperative	ἐμφανίσατε	1	make it appear	This is an imperative, but it communicates a request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a request. Alternate translation: “we would like you to make it appear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
 ACT	23	16	a531	figs-metonymy	ἀκούσας…τὴν ἐνέδραν	1	hearing the ambush	Luke means that the son of Paul’s sister heard some of the conspirators talking about the **ambush**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “hearing people talk about the ambush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ACT	23	16	w6fe	translate-kinship	ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀδελφῆς Παύλου	1	the son of the sister of Paul	Luke does not tell us whether this **sister** was older or younger than Paul, but describe this relationship in the way that would be most natural for your language and cuture. Alternate translation: “Paul’s nephew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])
+ACT	23	16	w6fe	translate-kinship	ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀδελφῆς Παύλου	1	the son of the sister of Paul	Luke does not tell us whether this **sister** was older or younger than Paul, but describe this relationship in the way that would be most natural for your language and cuture. Alternate translation: “Paul’s nephew” or "the nephew of Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])
-ACT	23	17	a528	figs-imperative	ἄπαγε	1	take	This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “please take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
+ACT	23	17	a528	figs-imperative	ἄπαγε	1	take	This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
 ACT	23	18	abd0	writing-pronouns	ὁ…παραλαβὼν αὐτὸν, ἤγαγεν	1	taking him, he brought him	The pronoun **him** refers to Paul’s nephew, and the pronoun **he** refers to the centurion. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “taking Paul’s nephew, the centurion brought him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	23	18	lrs3		φησίν	1	says	To call attention to a development in the story, here Luke uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
 ACT	23	19	a530	translate-symaction	ἐπιλαβόμενος δὲ τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ	1	taking hold of his hand	The chiliarch **taking hold** of the **hand** of Paul’s nephew was more than was needed simply to lead the nephew to a **private** location. This was a symbolic action that assured the nephew that the chiliarch would protect him and that he could therefore speak safely and confidentially. If this would not be clear to your readers, you can explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “taking hold of his hand to reassure him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-ACT	23	20	uv6r	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	The Jews	Paul’s nephew is using the name of a whole group, **the Jews**, to refer to some members of that group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “certain Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+ACT	23	20	uv6r	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	The Jews	Paul’s nephew is using the name of a whole group, **The Jews**, to refer to some members of that group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Certain Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 ACT	23	21	a532	figs-activepassive	σὺ…μὴ πεισθῇς αὐτοῖς	1	may you not be persuaded by them	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “may they not persuade you” or “do not let them persuade you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	23	21	a533	figs-metonymy	τὴν ἀπὸ σοῦ ἐπαγγελίαν	1	the promise from you	By the word **promise**, Paul’s nephew is referring to the commander agreeing to bring Paul to the Sanhedrin the next day and actually bringing him. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you to bring Paul to the Sanhedrin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	23	22	a534	figs-quotations	παραγγείλας, μηδενὶ ἐκλαλῆσαι ὅτι ταῦτα ἐνεφάνισας πρὸς ἐμέ	1	commanding him to tell no one that “you have reported these things to me”	Here Luke begins an indirect quotation but finishes it as a direct quotation. It may be more natural in your language for the entire quotation to be either indirect or direct. Alternate translation: “commanding him to tell no one that he had reported these things to him” or “commanding him, ‘Tell no one that you have reported these things to me’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
-ACT	23	23	mgi9	translate-numbers	δεξιολάβους διακοσίους	1	200 spearmen	Alternate translation: “two hundred soldiers who are armed with spears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
+ACT	23	23	mgi9	translate-numbers	δεξιολάβους διακοσίους	1	200 spearmen	Alternate translation: “200 soldiers who are armed with spears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 ACT	23	23	kg8s	figs-idiom	τρίτης ὥρας τῆς νυκτός	1	third hour of the night	In your translation, you may wish to express this in the way your own culture reckons time. Alternate translation: “nine o’clock this evening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-ACT	23	24	a535	figs-quotations	κτήνη τε παραστῆσαι, ἵνα ἐπιβιβάσαντες τὸν Παῦλον, διασώσωσι πρὸς Φήλικα τὸν ἡγεμόνα,	1	and to provide animals so that, having set Paul on them, they may bring him safely to Felix the governor	Here Luke finishes as an indirect quotation the direct quotation that began in the previous verse. It may be more natural in your language to finish the quotation as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “and provide animals so that, having set Paul on them, they may bring him safely to Felix the governor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+ACT	23	24	a535	figs-quotations	κτήνη τε παραστῆσαι, ἵνα ἐπιβιβάσαντες τὸν Παῦλον, διασώσωσι πρὸς Φήλικα τὸν ἡγεμόνα,	1	and to provide animals so that, having set Paul on them, they may bring him safely to Felix the governor	Here Luke finishes as an indirect quotation the direct quotation that began in the previous verse. It may be more natural in your language to continue and finish the quotation as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “and provide animals so that, having set Paul on them, they may bring him safely to Felix the governor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
 ACT	23	24	a536	writing-pronouns	διασώσωσι	1	they may bring him safely	The pronoun **they** refers to the soldiers, horsemen, and spearmen described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “these troops may bring him safely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	23	24	av3h	translate-names	Φήλικα	1	Felix	The word **Felix** is the name of the man who was the Roman **governor** of Judea at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ACT	23	25	a537	figs-explicit	γράψας ἐπιστολὴν	1	writing a letter	Luke means implicitly that the commander gave the instructions described in the previous two verses by “summoning” two centurions and **writing** the letter quoted in verses 26–30. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He also wrote a letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -3193,24 +3193,24 @@ ACT	23	27	zr7l	figs-synecdoche	τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	the Jews	The commande
 ACT	23	27	a538	figs-explicit	Ῥωμαῖός	1	a Roman	Here the term **Roman** implicitly indicates Roman citizenship. Alternate translation: “a Roman citizen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	23	28	a539	figs-extrainfo	κατήγαγον	1	I took him down	The commander says that he took Paul ** down** to the Sanhedrin because he brought him down the steps from the Roman fortress to the temple courtyard. It may not be necessary to reproduce this detail in your translation. Alternate translation: “I brought him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
 ACT	23	29	zt4f	figs-activepassive	ὃν εὗρον ἐνκαλούμενον περὶ ζητημάτων τοῦ νόμου αὐτῶν; μηδὲν δὲ ἄξιον θανάτου ἢ δεσμῶν ἔχοντα ἔγκλημα	1	whom I found being accused about questions of their law but having no accusation worthy of death or chains	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “I found that the Jews were accusing him about questions of their law, but they were not accusing him of anything worthy of death or chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ACT	23	29	wsh2	figs-metonymy	θανάτου ἢ δεσμῶν	1	death or chains	The commander is using the word **death** to mean a penalty of death. He is referring to imprisonment by association with the way that the Romans used **chains** to secure prisoners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “execution or imprisonment” or “being put to death or being put in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ACT	23	29	wsh2	figs-metonymy	θανάτου ἢ δεσμῶν	1	death or chains	The commander is using the word **death** to mean a penalty of death. He is referring to imprisonment by association with the way that the Romans used **chains** to secure prisoners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “execution or imprisonment” or “of being put to death or being put in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	23	30	i2ji	figs-activepassive	μηνυθείσης…μοι ἐπιβουλῆς εἰς τὸν ἄνδρα ἔσεσθαι	1	when a plot that was to be against the man was revealed to me	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when someone revealed to me that there was going to be a plot against the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	23	31	ny4k	figs-activepassive	κατὰ τὸ διατεταγμένον αὐτοῖς	1	according to what had been commanded to them	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “according to what the chiliarch had commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ACT	23	31	ifs1	translate-names	τὴν Ἀντιπατρίδα	1	Antipatris	The word **Antipatris** is the name of a city. It was located about halfway between Jerusalem and Caesarea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-ACT	23	32	abd1	writing-pronouns	ὑπέστρεψαν…αὐτῷ	1	they returned…him	The pronoun **they** refers to the soliders, and the pronoun **him** refers to Paul. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers … Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+ACT	23	32	abd1	writing-pronouns	ὑπέστρεψαν…αὐτῷ	1	they returned…him	The pronoun **they** refers to the soldiers, and the pronoun **him** refers to Paul. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers returned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ACT	23	33	abx1	writing-pronouns	οἵτινες εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὴν Καισάρειαν, καὶ ἀναδόντες τὴν ἐπιστολὴν τῷ ἡγεμόνι, παρέστησαν καὶ τὸν Παῦλον αὐτῷ	1	who, entering into Caesarea and delivering the letter to the governor, also presented Paul to him	The pronoun **who** refers to the horsemen who accompanied Paul all the way to Caesarea. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “When the horsement reached Caesarea, they delivered the letter to the governor and also presented Paul to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+ACT	23	33	abx1	writing-pronouns	οἵτινες εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὴν Καισάρειαν, καὶ ἀναδόντες τὴν ἐπιστολὴν τῷ ἡγεμόνι, παρέστησαν καὶ τὸν Παῦλον αὐτῷ	1	who, entering into Caesarea and delivering the letter to the governor, also presented Paul to him	The pronoun **who** refers to the horsemen who accompanied Paul all the way to Caesarea. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “When the horsemen reached Caesarea, they delivered the letter to the governor and also presented Paul to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	23	34	dtx1	figs-quotations	ἐπερωτήσας ἐκ ποίας ἐπαρχείας ἐστὶν	1	having asked what province he was from	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “having asked Paul, ‘What province are you from?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
 ACT	23	35	mga2	figs-activepassive	κελεύσας…φυλάσσεσθαι αὐτόν	1	commanding him to be guarded	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “commanding his soldiers to guard him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ACT	24	intro	j74u			0		# Acts 24 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul told the governor that he had not done what the Jews were accusing him of doing and that the governor should not punish him for what he did do.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Respect<br><br>Both the Jewish leaders ([Acts 24:2-4](./02.md)) and Paul ([Acts 24:10](../act/24/10.md)) began their speeches with words that show respect to the governor.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Governmental leaders<br><br>The words “governor,” “commander,” and “centurion” may be difficult to translate into some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
+ACT	24	intro	j74u			0		# Acts 24 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and Formatting<br><br>Paul told the governor that he had not done what the Jews were accusing him of doing and that the governor should not punish him for what he did do.<br><br>## Special Concepts in this Chapter<br><br>### Respect<br><br>Both the Jewish leaders ([Acts 24:2-4](./02.md)) and Paul ([Acts 24:10](../act/24/10.md)) began their speeches with words that show respect to the governor.<br><br>## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter<br><br>### Governmental leaders<br><br>The words “governor,” “commander,” and “centurion” may be difficult to translate into some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 ACT	24	1	a540	writing-participants	ῥήτορος Τερτύλλου τινός	1	a certain orator, Tertullus	Luke is using the phrase **a certain orator** to introduce **Tertullus** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
 ACT	24	1	f3vx	translate-unknown	ῥήτορος	1	an orator	In this context, the term **orator** means a person who spoke well and who was well acquainted with Roman law. Either an accuser or a defendant might employ such a person to argue a case for them in court. In your translation, you can use a term for someone in a comparable role in your culture. Alternate translation: “a courtroom lawyer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 ACT	24	1	xm6c	translate-names	Τερτύλλου τινός	1	Tertullus	The word **Tertullus** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ACT	24	1	a541	figs-idiom	κατέβη	1	came down	Luke says that these men **came down** to Caesarea because that was the customary way of speaking about traveling from Jerusalem, since that city is up on a mountain. Use a natural way of referring to traveling downward in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ACT	24	2	a542	figs-activepassive	κληθέντος…αὐτοῦ	1	when he had been summoned	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the governor summoned Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ACT	24	2	a543	writing-pronouns	κατηγορεῖν	1	to accuse him	The pronoun **him** refers to Paul. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+ACT	24	2	a543	writing-pronouns	κατηγορεῖν	1	to accuse him	The pronoun **him** refers to Paul. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “to accuse Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ACT	24	2	e6zg	figs-exclusive	τυγχάνοντες	1	we are obtaining	By **we**, Tertullus himself and his fellow Jews but not Governor Felix to whom he is speaking, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+ACT	24	2	e6zg	figs-exclusive	τυγχάνοντες	1	we are obtaining	By **we**, Tertullus means himself and his fellow Jews but not Governor Felix, to whom he is speaking, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-ACT	24	2	qw1r	writing-pronouns	σοῦ…σῆς	1	you…your	Here the words **you** and **your** refer to Felix, the governor. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “you, Governor Felix…your” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+ACT	24	2	qw1r	writing-pronouns	σοῦ…σῆς	1	you…your	Here the words **you** and **your** refer to Felix, the governor. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “you, Governor Felix … your” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ACT	24	2	a544	figs-explicit	τῷ ἔθνει τούτῳ	1	for this people	Tertullus assumes that Governor Felix will understand that by **this people**, he means the Jewish people. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “for the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ACT	24	2	a544	figs-explicit	τῷ ἔθνει τούτῳ	1	for this people	Tertullus assumes that Governor Felix will understand that by **this people** he means the Jewish people. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “for the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ACT	24	3	a545	figs-hyperbole	πάντῃ…πανταχοῦ…πάσης	1	every way…everywhere…all	Tertullus says these things as overstatements for emphasis. Since Luke is quoting directly from his speech, it would be appropriate to retain these overstatements in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 ACT	24	3	q3fj	writing-politeness	κράτιστε Φῆλιξ	1	most excellent Felix	The expression **most excellent** was a formal title by which people addressed Roman officials. Your language and culture may have a comparable title that you can use in your translation. See how you translated the similar expression in [Acts 23:26](../23/26.md). Alternate translation: “Your Excellency, Governor Felix” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness]])
 ACT	24	3	r5jl	figs-abstractnouns	μετὰ πάσης εὐχαριστίας	1	with all thankfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thankfulness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “very gratefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -3220,7 +3220,7 @@ ACT	24	5	i1qs	figs-metaphor	λοιμὸν	1	a pest	Tertullus is speaking as if P
 ACT	24	5	k1v1	figs-hyperbole	πᾶσι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις τοῖς κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην	1	among all the Jews are throughout the world	Tertullus says this as overstatements for emphasis. Since Luke is quoting directly from his speech, it would be appropriate to retain this overstatement in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 ACT	24	5	zg4a	translate-names	τῶν Ναζωραίων	1	the Nazarenes	In this context, the word **Nazarenes** is a name that people used at this time to describe believers in Jesus. Jesus himself was known as a Nazarene because he came from the town of Nazareth. See how you translated the same word in [2:22](../02/22.md), where it has that meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ACT	24	6	a547	figs-ellipsis	ὃν καὶ ἐκρατήσαμεν	1	whom also we arrested—	Tertullus is making the case that Paul is a criminal, but he is leaving it up to Felix to decide what Paul’s punishment should be, so he is deliberately breaking off this sentence here. If this might be unclear to your readers, you could indicate his meaning in your translation. Alternate translation: “whom we also arrested, and who deserves to be punished, but we will leave it to you to decide his punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-ACT	24	6	a548	translate-textvariants		1		As the General Introduction to Acts explains, this second half of this verse, all of verse 7, and the first part of vers 8 are found in many traditional versions of the Bible, but they are not found in the most accurate ancient manuscripts of the Bible. ULT and UST indicate this by putting this material in brackets. If a translation of the Bible already exists in your area, you could consider including this material if that translation does. If there is not already a Bible translation in your area, we recommend that you indicate in some way that this material may not be original, such as by putting it in brackets or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
+ACT	24	6	a548	translate-textvariants		1		As the General Introduction to Acts explains, this second half of this verse, all of verse 7, and the first part of verse 8 are found in many traditional versions of the Bible, but they are not found in the most accurate ancient manuscripts of the Bible. ULT and UST indicate this by putting this material in brackets. If a translation of the Bible already exists in your area, you could consider including this material if that translation does. If there is not already a Bible translation in your area, we recommend that you indicate in some way that this material may not be original, such as by putting it in brackets or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
 ACT	24	8	a549	writing-pronouns	παρ’ οὗ	1	from whom	The pronoun **whom** refers to Paul. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “From him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	24	9	rq5f	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	Luke is using the name of a whole group, **the Jews**, to refer to some members of that group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders who had come to Caesarea to accuse Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 ACT	24	11	a550	figs-litotes	οὐ πλείους εἰσίν μοι ἡμέραι δώδεκα, ἀφ’ ἧς	1	it is not more than 12 days for me from when	Paul is using a figure of speech that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it was only 12 days ago that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
@@ -3232,13 +3232,13 @@ ACT	24	15	nv5a	writing-pronouns	οὗτοι	1	these	The pronoun **these** refers
 ACT	24	15	qza8	figs-abstractnouns	ἀνάστασιν μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι, δικαίων τε καὶ ἀδίκων	1	that there is going to be a resurrection of both the righteous and the unrighteous	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **resurrection**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that God will make both the righteous and the unrighteous alive again after they have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ACT	24	15	x1yd	figs-nominaladj	δικαίων τε καὶ ἀδίκων	1	of both the righteous and the unrighteous	Paul is using the adjectives **righteous** and **unrighteous** as nouns to mean different groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “of both people who have done what is right and people who have not done what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 ACT	24	16	a553	writing-pronouns	ἐν τούτῳ	1	in this	The pronoun **this** refers to what Paul has just said in verses 14 and 15 about what he believes. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Because I believe these things,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ACT	24	16	va3b	figs-metonymy	πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν	1	before God and men	Paul is using this phrase to refer to the opinion or judgment of God and men by association with the way that they would assess anything that came to their attention in front of them. Alternate translation: “in the perspective of God and men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ACT	24	16	va3b	figs-metonymy	πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν	1	before God and men	Paul is using this phrase to refer to the opinion or judgment of God and men by association with the way that they would assess anything that came to their attention in front of them. Alternate translation: “in the perspective of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ACT	24	16	a554	figs-gendernotations	τοὺς ἀνθρώπους	1	men	Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ACT	24	17	p92m	writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Now	Paul is using the word translated **Now** to introduce a new phase of his defense. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that would be natural for this purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 ACT	24	17	lrs4	figs-go	παρεγενόμην	1	I came	In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
 ACT	24	17	ryk6	figs-metonymy	εἰς τὸ ἔθνος μου	1	to my nation	Paul is actually referring to the place where the people of the Jewish **nation** live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where my Jewish people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ACT	24	17	a555	figs-explicit	ἐλεημοσύνας ποιήσων…καὶ προσφοράς	1	bringing alms and offerings	By **alms**, Paul means gifts for the poor that the Gentile churches had collected and that he was delivering. By **offerings**, he means the sacrifices that he and four other men offered at the end of a period of vows. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to bring gifts for the poor and to offer sacrifices at the end of a vow period” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ACT	24	17	a555	figs-explicit	ἐλεημοσύνας ποιήσων…καὶ προσφοράς	1	bringing alms and offerings	By **alms** Paul means gifts for the poor that the Gentile churches had collected and that he was delivering. By **offerings** he means the sacrifices that he and four other men offered at the end of a period of vows. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to bring gifts for the poor and to offer sacrifices at the end of a vow period” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ACT	24	18	a556	writing-pronouns	ἐν αἷς	1	in which	The pronoun **which** refers to the offerings that Paul described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “While I was making those offerings,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+ACT	24	18	a556	writing-pronouns	ἐν αἷς	1	in which	The pronoun **which** refers to the offerings that Paul described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here, ending verse 17 with a period. Alternate translation: “While I was making those offerings,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ACT	24	19	a557	figs-ellipsis	τινὲς…ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀσίας Ἰουδαῖοι, οὓς ἔδει…παρεῖναι	1	certain Jews from Asia—who ought to be present	As Paul defends himself by telling what happened in Jerusalem, he suddenly realizes that his actual accusers are not present. So he breaks off his sentence to bring this fact to the attention of Governor Felix. If this might be unclear to your readers, in your translation you could finish this part of the story and begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “certain Jews from Asia saw me in Jerusalem with a Gentile and they thought that I had brought him into the temple. Now they ought to be present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ACT	24	20	a558	figs-imperative3p	αὐτοὶ οὗτοι εἰπάτωσαν	1	let these themselves say	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “may these themselves say” or “these themselves should say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p]])
 ACT	24	20	ag5d	writing-pronouns	αὐτοὶ οὗτοι	1	these themselves	These pronouns refer to the Jewish leaders who have come to Caesarea to accuse Paul. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “these Jewish leaders who have come here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])

en_tn_46-ROM.tsv

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ ROM	1	12	ddtm	figs-possession	διὰ τῆς ἐν ἀλλήλοις πίστε
 ROM	1	12	e6py	figs-abstractnouns	πίστεως	1		See how you translated this word in [verse 5](../01/05.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	1	13	yi1f	figs-litotes	οὐ θέλω δὲ ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν	1	I do not want you to be uninformed	Here Paul uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If this is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “I definitely want you to be informed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 ROM	1	13	rwzn	figs-activepassive	ἀγνοεῖν	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	1	13	u1cq	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Although the term **brother** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
+ROM	1	13	u1cq	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Although the term **brother** is masculine, Paul is using the word here to refer to both male and female believers in Christ. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	1	13	zvrj	figs-explicit	καὶ ἐκωλύθην ἄχρι τοῦ δεῦρο	1		Paul assumes that his readers will know that **until now** means “even at the present time.” He does not mean that he was no longer **hindered** at the moment he wrote these words. If this might confuse your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but I have been hindered and still am now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	1	13	b92o	figs-activepassive	ἐκωλύθην	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Paul implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God hindered me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	1	13	gnu7	figs-metaphor	ἵνα τινὰ καρπὸν σχῶ καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν	1	in order to have a harvest among you	Here, **fruit** could refer to: (1) people believing in the gospel as a result of Paul’s preaching, which would connect this verse to the idea in [verse 15](../01/15.md). Alternative translation: “so that I might lead people to salvation among you also” (2) strengthening the believers in Rome, in which case this would have the same meaning as “some spiritual gracious gift” in [verse 11](../01/11.md). Alternative translation: “so that I might strengthen you also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1120,12 +1120,13 @@ ROM	6	23	cwkw	figs-possession	τὸ…χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	For the
 ROM	6	23	jn66	figs-metaphor	ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	For the wages of sin are death	Paul speaks figuratively of **eternal life** as if it were occupying space inside of **Christ Jesus**. Paul means that **eternal life** comes by being united to **Christ Jesus**, as stated in [verse 11](../06/11.md). If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “for those who are united to Christ Jesus” or “comes through being united to Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	7	intro	fl1y			0		# Romans 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>5. Becoming like Christ in this life (6:1–8:39)<br>    * Baptism represents union with Christ’s death (6:1–14)<br>    * Christians are now slaves of righteousness (6:15–23)<br>    * Christians have been freed from the law (7:1–6)<br>    * The law is not sinful (7:7–12)<br>    * Christians still struggle with indwelling sin (7:13–25)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “The Law”<br><br>Throughout most of this chapter Paul uses the singular noun “the law” to refer to the group of laws that God gave Israel through Moses. However, in [verses 21–25](../07/21.md) Paul uses the word “law” in several different ways. Each of these different uses will be addressed in the notes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Marriage<br><br>Scripture commonly uses marriage as a metaphor. Here Paul uses it to describe how the church relates to the law of Moses and now to Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Inclusive language<br><br>In this chapter the pronouns “we”, “us”, and “our” refer inclusively to all Jewish believers in Christ. Paul calls these people “brothers” in [verses 1](../07/01.md) and [4](../07/04.md). Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ROM	7	1	mk7w	figs-rquestion	ἢ ἀγνοεῖτε, ἀδελφοί (γινώσκουσιν γὰρ νόμον λαλῶ), ὅτι ὁ νόμος κυριεύει τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ?	1	do you not know, brothers … that the law controls a person for as long as he lives?	Paul is using a rhetorical question here to emphasize that the Jew is required to obey the Law of Moses his whole life. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You surely know, brothers (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law is lord of the man for as long as he lives!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-ROM	7	1	r9fl	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί…τοῦ ἀνθρώπου…ζῇ	1	brothers	Although the term **brothers** and **the man** and **he** are masculine, Paul is using the words here in a generic sense that includes both males and females. Alternate translation: “fellow Jewish believers … a person … that person lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
+ROM	7	1	guk4	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Paul is using the word here to refer to both male and female Jewish believers in Christ. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “fellow Jewish Christians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	7	1	s4su		(γινώσκουσιν γὰρ νόμον λαλῶ)	1	brothers	Here Paul interrupts himself in order to clarify that he is specifically directing this part of the letter to the Jewish believers in the church at Rome. If this would be confusing in your language, you could add parentheses like the ULT or use a natural way in your language to indicate this.
 ROM	7	1	j67x	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	brothers	Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the reason why Paul expects these **brothers** to understand what he is saying. Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. Alternate translation: “I know you should understand this because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 ROM	7	1	ajk4	writing-pronouns	λαλῶ	1	brothers	The pronoun **I** and throughout this chapter refers to Paul (see [6:19](../06/19.md)). If this might confuse your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I, Paul, am speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 ROM	7	1	k3h5	grammar-collectivenouns	νόμον…ὁ νόμος	1	brothers	For every occurrence of **the law** in [verses 1–20](../07/01.md) translate the phrase in the same way you translated it in [2:12](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
 ROM	7	1	okz5	figs-personification	ὁ νόμος κυριεύει τοῦ ἀνθρώπου	1	brothers	Here Paul speaks of **the law** figuratively as if it were a king. Paul means that, like a king, **the law** must be obeyed by those who are obligated to do so. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning plainly or with a simile. Alternate translation: “like a king, the law must be obeyed by every Jewish person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+ROM	7	1	r9fl	figs-gendernotations	τοῦ ἀνθρώπου…ζῇ	1		Although **the man** and **he** are masculine, Paul is using the words here in a generic sense that includes both males and females. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person … that person lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	7	2	as1h	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is an example from God’s law that illustrates how “the law rules over the man for as long as he lives,” as Paul said in the previous verse. If this might confuse your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “For example,” or “As an illustration,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 ROM	7	2	j4sn	figs-genericnoun	ἡ…ὕπανδρος γυνὴ τῷ ζῶντι ἀνδρὶ δέδεται νόμῳ; ἐὰν δὲ ἀποθάνῃ ὁ ἀνήρ, κατήργηται…τοῦ ἀνδρός	1		Paul is speaking of Jewish **married** women and husbands in general, not of one particular **woman** or **husband**. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “married women remain bound by law to their living husbands, but if their husbands die, they have been released … of their husbands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
 ROM	7	2	hpn4	figs-activepassive	ἡ…ὕπανδρος γυνὴ…δέδεται νόμῳ…κατήργηται	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the law continually binds the married woman … God releases her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1382,7 +1383,7 @@ ROM	8	11	t27d	figs-explicit	ζῳοποιήσει καὶ τὰ θνητὰ σώ
 ROM	8	11	xi76	figs-explicit	διὰ…αὐτοῦ Πνεῦμα	1	mortal bodies	Here, **through** indicates the means by which God will **make** Christians **alive**. If this might confuse your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by means of his Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	8	11	e6t8	figs-distinguish	τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος αὐτοῦ Πνεῦμα ἐν ὑμῖν	1		Here, **who lives in you** gives further information about the Holy **Spirit**. It is not making a distinction between a Spirit that **lives in you** and a Spirit that does not. If this might confuse your readers, you can make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: “his Spirit, that is, the Spirit who lives in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
 ROM	8	12	mv1r	grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἄρα οὖν	1	So then	**So then** here indicates that what follows in [verses 12–17](../08/12.md) summarizes the ideas of [verses 5–11](../08/05.md). See how you translated this phrase in [5:18](../05/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
-ROM	8	12	qw5b	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this word in [7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
+ROM	8	12	qw5b	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	8	12	e3j8	figs-metaphor	ὀφειλέται ἐσμέν	1	we are debtors	Here Paul speaks figuratively of Christians as if they are **debtors**. He means that Christians are obligated to live according to the Spirit and not according to the flesh. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we have an obligation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	8	12	fb3m	figs-ellipsis	οὐ τῇ σαρκὶ	1	but not to the flesh to live according to the flesh	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “we are not debtors to the flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ROM	8	12	ecoo	figs-metaphor	τῇ σαρκὶ…τοῦ…σάρκα	1	but not to the flesh to live according to the flesh	Here Paul uses **the flesh** figuratively to refer to sinful human nature. See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [7:18](../07/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1797,7 +1798,7 @@ ROM	9	33	c8t8	figs-possession	πέτραν σκανδάλου	1		Paul is using t
 ROM	9	33	knfh	figs-abstractnouns	σκανδάλου	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **offense**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that offends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	9	33	tu4i	figs-activepassive	ὁ πιστεύων ἐπ’ αὐτῷ, οὐ καταισχυνθήσεται	1	believes in it	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will not shame the one who believes on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	10	intro	c2li			0		# Romans 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>6. God’s plan for Israel (9:1–11:36)<br>    * Paul’s sorrow for Israel’s unbelief (9:1–5)<br>    * God chooses whom he wants to choose (9:6–13)<br>    * God shows mercy on whom he wants to show mercy (9:14–18)<br>    * No one can question God’s choice (9:19–33)<br>    * Israel’s false righteousness (10:1–4)<br>    * Salvation is available to everyone (10:5–21)<br><br>Some translations set prose quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words in [verse 8](../10/08.md).<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with [verses 18-20](../10/18.md) of this chapter, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Paul uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. He does this to convince his readers that God does not save only the Jewish people, so Christians must be ready to go and share the gospel with the whole world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Different uses of “they,” “them,” and “their”<br><br>In [verses 1–4](../10/01.md), the pronouns “they,” “them,” and “their” always refer to the people of Israel. However, those pronouns refer to various things and people in [verses 5–21](../10/05.md), which will be addressed in the notes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ROM	10	1	hj4b	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	Brothers	See how you translated this word in [7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
+ROM	10	1	hj4b	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	Brothers	See how you translated this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	10	1	v3jp	figs-abstractnouns	ἡ…εὐδοκία…ἡ δέησις…σωτηρίαν	1	my heart’s desire	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **good pleasure**, **prayer**, and **salvation**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “the very pleasing thing … what I pray … them to be saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	10	1	tq7k	figs-metonymy	τῆς ἐμῆς καρδίας	1	my heart’s desire	Here, **heart** refers to a person’s inner being or mind. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of my inner being” or “of my mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ROM	10	1	tmf2	writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν	1		The pronoun **them** in [verses 1–4](../10/01.md) refers to Jewish people who do not believe in Jesus. If this might confuse your readers, you could state the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@@ -2029,7 +2030,7 @@ ROM	11	9	x0wl	figs-activepassive	γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶ
 ROM	11	9	kpg8	figs-idiom	γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα, καὶ εἰς θήραν	1	Let their table become a net and a trap	This clause is an idiom. The word **table** represents feasting, which is the situation in which a person feels safe, and **net** and **trap** represent punishment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let them be punished while they are feeling safe” or “Punish them while they are comfortable”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ROM	11	9	l6re	figs-doublet	εἰς παγίδα, καὶ εἰς θήραν	1		These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize David’s plea for judgment. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “for thorough punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 ROM	11	9	lbs2	figs-metaphor	εἰς σκάνδαλον	1		Here, **stumbling block** refers to something that tempts people to sin. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for tempting them to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	11	9	xex5	figs-abstractnouns	ἀνταπόδομα αὐτοῖς	1	a retribution for them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **retribution**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “paying them back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 
+ROM	11	9	xex5	figs-abstractnouns	ἀνταπόδομα αὐτοῖς	1	a retribution for them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **retribution**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “paying them back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	11	10	c1nj	figs-metaphor	σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν, τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν	1	bend their backs continually	This clause refers to being unable to understand something. See how you translated “eyes not to see” in [verse 8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “Let them be unable to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	11	10	j9ag	figs-activepassive	σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν	1	bend their backs continually	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Blind their eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	11	10	biqg	figs-metaphor	τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύνκαμψον	1		This clause refers to making people suffer like slaves suffer by carrying heavy burdens on **their backs**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “make them continually suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -2203,57 +2204,95 @@ ROM	11	36	a9gg	figs-explicit	δι’ αὐτοῦ	1	For from him … through him
 ROM	11	36	s63u	figs-explicit	εἰς αὐτὸν	1	For from him … through him … to him	Here, **to** indicates that God is the reason **all things** exist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	11	36	rpx6	figs-abstractnouns	αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα	1	To him be the glory forever	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the abstract noun **glory** by translating it with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “May people glorify him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ROM	11	36	ut8l	figs-idiom	εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας	1	To him be the glory forever	Here, **to the ages** is an idiom that means “forever.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “to eternity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-ROM	12	intro	aky9			0		# Romans 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>7. Instructions for living as Christians (12:1–15:13)<br>    * How to act toward God (12:1–2)<br>    * How to serve the church (12:3–8)<br>    * How to act toward other Christians (12:9–13)<br>    * How to act toward unbelievers (12:14–21)<br>    * How to act toward government (13:1–7)<br>    * How to act toward other people (13:8–10)<br>    * Act as if the end is near (13:11–14)<br>    * Do not judge other Christians (14:1–12)<br>    * Do not tempt other Christians to sin (14:13–23)<br>    * Be united with other Christians (15:1–13)<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 20, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>Many scholars believe Paul uses the word **therefore** in [Romans 12:1](../rom/12/01.md) to refer back to all of Chapters 1-11. Having carefully explained the Christian gospel, Paul now explains how Christians should live in light of these great truths. Chapters 12-16 focus on living out one’s Christian faith. Paul uses many different commands in these chapters to give these practical instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Christian living<br><br>Under the law of Moses, people were required to offer temple sacrifices of animals or grain. Now Christians are required to live their lives as a type of sacrifice to God. Physical sacrifices are no longer required. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Body of Christ<br><br>The body of Christ is an important metaphor or image used in Scripture to refer to the church. Each church member plays a unique and important function. Christians need each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/body]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	intro	aky9			0		# Romans 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>7. Instructions for living as Christians (12:1–15:13)<br>    * How to act toward God (12:1–2)<br>    * How to serve the church (12:3–8)<br>    * How to act toward other Christians (12:9–13)<br>    * How to act toward unbelievers (12:14–21)<br>    * How to act toward government (13:1–7)<br>    * How to act toward other people (13:8–10)<br>    * Act as if the end is near (13:11–14)<br>    * Do not judge other Christians (14:1–12)<br>    * Do not tempt other Christians to sin (14:13–23)<br>    * Be united with other Christians (15:1–13)<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 20, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>Many scholars believe Paul uses the word **therefore** in [Romans 12:1](../rom/12/01.md) to refer back to all of Chapters 1–11. After having carefully explained the Christian gospel in chapters 1–11, Paul explains in chapters 12–16 how Christians should live in response to these great truths. Paul gives many different commands in these chapters that are practical instructions for how Christians should behave. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Body of Christ<br><br>The body of Christ is an important metaphor used in the New Testament to refer to the church. Every Christian plays a unique and important function within the people of God. Christians need each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/body]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	12	1	rhs3			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells what the life of a believer should be and how believers should serve.
+ROM	12	1	wklb	writing-pronouns	παρακαλῶ	1		The pronoun **I** here and throughout this chapter refers to Paul. If this might confuse your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I, Paul, urge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-ROM	12	1	d2y3	figs-explicit	παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God	Here, **brothers** refers to fellow believers, both male and female. Alternate translation: “Fellow believers, because of the great mercy that God has given you I very much want you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	12	1	fwds	figs-yousingular	ὑμᾶς…ὑμῶν…ὑμῶν	1		The pronouns **you** and **your** here and throughout most of this chapter are plural and refer to the believers to whom Paul wrote this letter. If this might confuse your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you believers … your … your” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
-ROM	12	1	w1mz	figs-synecdoche	παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν	1	to present your bodies a living sacrifice	Here Paul uses the word **bodies** to refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “to offer yourselves completely to God as a living sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+ROM	12	1	xgcr	grammar-connect-logic-result	παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς	1		Here, **therefore** indicates that what follows in the rest of this letter is what Paul wants his readers to do in response to what he has written in chapters 1–11. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a fuller expression. Alternate translation: “Since everything I have said is true, I urge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
-ROM	12	1	wuyl	figs-metaphor	παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν	1		Paul is comparing a believer in Christ who completely obeys God to the animals that the Jews killed and then offered to God. Alternate translation: “to offer yourselves completely to God while you are alive as if you were a dead sacrifice on a temple altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	1	kr1a	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God	See how you translated this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-ROM	12	1	dwr5	figs-doublet	ἁγίαν, εὐάρεστον, τῷ Θεῷ	1	holy, acceptable to God	This could refer to: (1) a sacrifice that you give to God alone and that pleases him. (2) a sacrifice that is **acceptable** to God because it is morally pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+ROM	12	1	d50i	figs-abstractnouns	τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν…θυσίαν ζῶσαν…τὴν λογικὴν λατρείαν ὑμῶν	1	I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **compassions**, **sacrifice**, and **service**, you could express the same ideas in another way. These words indicate different ways in which people serve God. Alternate translation: “what is compassionate … a living one that is sacrificed … which is how you reasonably serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	12	1	tyk7		τὴν λογικὴν λατρείαν ὑμῶν	1	This is your reasonable service	Alternate translation: “which is the right way to worship God”
+ROM	12	1	wuyl	figs-metaphor	παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν	1		Here Paul refers to a believer in Christ who obeys God as if that person were one of the animals that the Jews killed and then offered to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “to offer yourselves completely to God while you are alive, as if you were a sacrifice on the temple altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	12	2	clc6	figs-metaphor	μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ	1	Do not be conformed to this world	This could mean: (1) do not behave as the world behaves. (2) do not think the way the world does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	1	w1mz	figs-synecdoche	τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν	1	to present your bodies a living sacrifice	Here, **bodies** refers to the whole people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your whole selves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-ROM	12	2	pyb6	figs-activepassive	μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ	1	Do not be conformed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “do not act and think like the world does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	12	2	pyb6	figs-activepassive	μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε…μεταμορφοῦσθε	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “do not conform yourselves … let God transform you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	12	2	d2qq	figs-metonymy	τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ	1	this world	Here, **this world** refers to unbelievers who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ROM	12	2	clc6		μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε	1	Do not be conformed to this world	Alternate translation: “do not become like”
-ROM	12	2	na8p	figs-activepassive	ἀλλὰ μεταμορφοῦσθε τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός	1	but be transformed by the renewal of your mind	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “but let God change the way you think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	12	2	d2qq	figs-metonymy	τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ	1		Here, **this age** refers to the attitudes and actions of the unbelievers who live during this period of time. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to the way people think and act in this age” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ROM	12	3	nyc2	figs-explicit	διὰ τῆς χάριτος τῆς δοθείσης μοι	1	because of the grace that was given to me	Here, **grace** refers to God’s choosing Paul to be an apostle and leader of the church. You can make this explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: “through the grace that caused me to become an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	12	2	na8p	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός…τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	but be transformed by the renewal of your mind	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **renewal** and **will**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “by renewing the mind … what God wills” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	12	3	l6c6	figs-activepassive	διὰ τῆς χάριτος τῆς δοθείσης μοι	1		You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “because God freely chose me to be an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	12	2	c6ch	figs-metaphor	τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός	1	but be transformed by the renewal of your mind	Here Paul speaks of changing the way a person thinks as if that persons mind is being renewed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by the changing of how one thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	12	3	s6yg		παντὶ τῷ ὄντι ἐν ὑμῖν, μὴ ὑπερφρονεῖν παρ’ ὃ δεῖ φρονεῖν	1	that everyone who is among you should not think more highly of themselves than they ought to think	Alternate translation: “that no one among you should think they are better than they are”
+ROM	12	2	w34l	grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς	1		Here, **so that** indicates that what follows is the purpose for which someone should **be transformed**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): “for the purpose that you can approve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
-ROM	12	3	me4t		ἀλλὰ φρονεῖν εἰς τὸ σωφρονεῖν	1	Instead, they should think in a wise way	Alternate translation: “but you should be wise in how you think about yourselves”
+ROM	12	3	cp9g	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows explains what Paul said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In fact,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
-ROM	12	3	m8z7	figs-explicit	ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἐμέρισεν μέτρον πίστεως	1	just as God has given out to each one a certain amount of faith	Paul implies here that believers have different abilities that correspond to their **faith** in God. Alternate translation: “since God has given each of you the faith to trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	12	3	l6c6	figs-activepassive	διὰ τῆς χάριτος τῆς δοθείσης μοι	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “through the grace God has given to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	12	4	zm8p		γὰρ	1	For	Paul the word **For** to show that he will now explain why some Christians should not think they are better than others.
+ROM	12	3	nyc2	figs-explicit	διὰ τῆς χάριτος τῆς δοθείσης μοι	1	because of the grace that was given to me	Here, **grace** refers to God graciously choosing Paul to be an apostle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “through the grace that caused me to become an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	12	4	v2pi	figs-metaphor	ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι, πολλὰ μέλη ἔχομεν	1	we have many members in one body	Paul refers to all the believers in Christ as if they were different parts of the human **body**. He does this to illustrate that although believers may serve Christ in different ways, each person belongs to Christ and serves in an important way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	3	s6yg	figs-idiom	μὴ ὑπερφρονεῖν παρ’ ὃ δεῖ φρονεῖν	1	that everyone who is among you should not think more highly of themselves than they ought to think	The phrase **think more highly of himself** refers to someone arrogantly thinking that he is better than he really is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to not think he is better than he really is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-ROM	12	4	v5iy		μέλη	1	members	Here, **members** are such things as eyes, stomachs, and hands.
+ROM	12	3	j20s	figs-gendernotations	μὴ ὑπερφρονεῖν παρ’ ὃ δεῖ φρονεῖν	1	that everyone who is among you should not think more highly of themselves than they ought to think	Although **himself** and **he** are masculine, Paul is using the words here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “to not think more highly of oneself than what one ought to think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-ROM	12	5	dhx8	figs-metaphor	τὸ δὲ καθ’ εἷς ἀλλήλων μέλη	1	are individually members of each other	Paul speaks of the believers as if God had physically joined them together like the parts of the human body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	3	me4t		φρονεῖν εἰς τὸ σωφρονεῖν	1	Instead, they should think in a wise way	Alternate translation: “you should be wise with regard to how you think about yourselves”
-ROM	12	5	cutl	figs-activepassive	τὸ δὲ καθ’ εἷς ἀλλήλων μέλη	1		You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God has joined each believer together with all other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	12	3	m8z7	figs-explicit	ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἐμέρισεν μέτρον πίστεως	1	just as God has given out to each one a certain amount of faith	Here, **faith** could refer to: (1) different degrees of **faith** in God that God gives believers. Alternate translation: “as God has given each of you an degree of ability to trust in him” (2) the spiritual gifts that result from faith and are given to believers in different degrees. Alternate translation: “as God has given each of you a degree of faith demonstrated in spiritual gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	12	6	hrr1	figs-metaphor	ἔχοντες δὲ χαρίσματα κατὰ τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν διάφορα	1	We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us	Paul speaks of believers’ different abilities as being free gifts from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	4	zm8p	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	For	**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Paul’s readers should “think with a sound mind,” as stated in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to you readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “You must do this because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
-ROM	12	6	y267	figs-activepassive	ἔχοντες δὲ χαρίσματα κατὰ τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν διάφορα	1		You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God has freely given each of us the ability to do different things for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	12	4	v2pi	figs-simile	καθάπερ	1	we have many members in one body	Here, **just as** indicates that what follows in this verse is a simile. Paul uses this simile to compare all believers in Christ to the parts of a human body. Since Paul explains the comparison in the next verse, you do not need to express the meaning plainly here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-ROM	12	6	bnk9		κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως	1	let it be done according to the proportion of his faith	This could mean: (1) he should speak prophecies that do not go beyond the amount of faith God has given us. (2) he should speak prophecies that agree with the teachings of our faith.
+ROM	12	4	v5iy		μέλη…μέλη	1	members	See how you translated members in [6:13](../06/13.md).
-ROM	12	8	m2as	figs-explicit	ὁ μεταδιδοὺς	1	giving	Here, **giving** refers to giving money and other things to people. You can make this meaning explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: “if one has the gift of giving money or other goods to people in need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	12	4	v8bo	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχει πρᾶξιν	1	members	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **function**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “function for the same purposes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	12	9	iv5h	figs-activepassive	ἡ ἀγάπη ἀνυπόκριτος	1	Let love be without hypocrisy	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “You must love people sincerely and truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	12	5	sd03	figs-exclusive	ἐσμεν	1	are individually members of each other	Here, **we** refers to all Christians, so it is inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-ROM	12	9	eaw7		ἡ ἀγάπη	1	love	The word Paul uses here refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.
+ROM	12	5	v93h	figs-metaphor	ἐν Χριστῷ	1	are individually members of each other	See how you translated the similar phrase in [6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	12	10	mr8i		τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ	1	love	This is another word that means brotherly **love** or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
+ROM	12	5	dhx8	figs-metaphor	τὸ δὲ καθ’ εἷς ἀλλήλων μέλη	1	are individually members of each other	Paul speaks of the believers as if God had physically joined them together like the parts of the human **body**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and the individual believers are united to one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	12	10	ng86		τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ…φιλόστοργοι	1	Concerning love of the brothers, be affectionate	Here Paul begins a list of nine items, each of the form **in … be** to tell the believers what kind of people they should be. You may need to translate some of the items as “in … do.” The list continues to [Romans 12:13](../12/13.md).
+ROM	12	5	cutl		μέλη	1		See how you translated **members** in the previous verse.
-ROM	12	10	ux2y		τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ	1	Concerning love of the brothers	Alternate translation: “as for how you love your fellow believers”
+ROM	12	6	j3x5	figs-exclusive	ἔχοντες…ἡμῖν	1	We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us	Here, **we** and **us** refer to all Christians, so they are inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-ROM	12	10	tj57		τῇ τιμῇ ἀλλήλους προηγούμενοι	1	Concerning honor, respect one another	Alternate translation: “honor and respect one another” or “honor your fellow believers by respecting them”
+ROM	12	6	hrr1	figs-metaphor	ἔχοντες…χαρίσματα…διάφορα	1	We have different gifts according to the grace that was given to us	Paul speaks of the different abilities to serve other believers that God gives believers as being **gracious gifts** from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we have different spiritual abilities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ROM	12	11	iu2i		τῇ σπουδῇ μὴ ὀκνηροί, τῷ πνεύματι ζέοντες, τῷ Κυρίῳ δουλεύοντες	1	Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant. Concerning the spirit, be eager. Concerning the Lord, serve him	Alternate translation: “do not be lazy in your duty, but be eager to follow the Spirit and to serve the Lord”
+ROM	12	6	y267	figs-activepassive	κατὰ τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “according to the grace God has given to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ROM	12	12	l3es		τῇ θλίψει ὑπομένοντες	1	be patient in suffering	Alternate translation: “wait patiently whenever you have troubles”
+ROM	12	6	tlk4	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν χάριν…προφητείαν, κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **grace** and **prophecy**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is graciously … being able to prophecy, according to what has been proportioned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	12	13	vk5h		ταῖς χρείαις τῶν ἁγίων κοινωνοῦντες	1	Share in the needs of the saints	Alternate translation: “when fellow Christians are in trouble, help them with what they need”
+ROM	12	6	zs97	figs-ellipsis	εἴτε προφητείαν, κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως	1		Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “if God has given someone the gift of prophecy, then that person must use that gift according to the proportion of his faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-ROM	12	13	exd8		τὴν φιλοξενίαν διώκοντες	1	Find many ways to show hospitality	This is the last item in the list that began in [Romans 12:9](../12/09.md). “always welcome them into your home when they need a place to stay”
+ROM	12	6	bnk9	figs-explicit	κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως	1	let it be done according to the proportion of his faith	Here Paul uses **faith** in the same way he did in [verse 3](../12/03.md). See how you translated the clause “as God has distributed to each one a measure of faith” in that verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	12	16	hwd1	figs-idiom	τὸ αὐτὸ εἰς ἀλλήλους φρονοῦντες	1	Be of the same mind toward one another	This is an idiom that means to live in unity. Alternate translation: “agreeing with one another” or “living in unity with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ROM	12	7	todc	figs-ellipsis	εἴτε διακονίαν, ἐν τῇ διακονίᾳ; εἴτε ὁ διδάσκων, ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ	1		Paul is leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “if God has given someone the gift of service, then that person must use that gift for serving; if God has given someone the gift to be the one teaching, then that person must use that gift for teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-ROM	12	16	ar7y		μὴ τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονοῦντες	1	Do not think in proud ways	Alternate translation: “do not think that you are more important than others”
+ROM	12	7	wmuw	figs-abstractnouns	διακονίαν…τῇ διακονίᾳ…τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ	1		If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **service** and **teaching**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “serving others … serving others … teaching others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	12	16	cc23		τοῖς ταπεινοῖς συναπαγόμενοι	1	accept lowly people	Alternate translation: “welcome people who do not seem important”
+ROM	12	8	m2as	figs-ellipsis	εἴτε ὁ παρακαλῶν, ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει; ὁ μεταδιδοὺς, ἐν ἁπλότητι; ὁ προϊστάμενος, ἐν σπουδῇ; ὁ ἐλεῶν, ἐν ἱλαρότητι	1	giving	Paul is leaving out some of the words that clauses would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “if God has given someone the gift of encouraging, then that person must use that gift for encouraging; if God has given someone the gift of giving, then that person must use that gift for generosity; if God has given someone the gift of leading, then that person must use that gift with diligence; if God has given someone the gift of showing mercy, then that person must use that gift with cheerfulness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-ROM	12	16	h469		μὴ γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι παρ’ ἑαυτοῖς	1	Do not be wise in your own thoughts	Alternate translation: “Do not think of yourselves as having more wisdom than everyone else”
+ROM	12	8	teso	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει…ἐν ἁπλότητι…ἐν σπουδῇ…ἐν ἱλαρότητι	1	giving	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **encouragement**, **generosity**, **diligence**, and **cheerfulness**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “by encouraging others … generously … diligently … cheerfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	12	17	h2tz		μηδενὶ κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδόντες	1	Repay no one evil for evil	Alternate translation: “do not do evil things to someone who has done evil things to you”
+ROM	12	9	dmsa	figs-declarative	ἡ ἀγάπη ἀνυπόκριτος; ἀποστυγοῦντες τὸ πονηρόν, κολλώμενοι τῷ ἀγαθῷ	1	giving	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “Love without hypocrisy, abhor the wicked, hold on to the good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
-ROM	12	17	fzh8		προνοούμενοι καλὰ ἐνώπιον πάντων ἀνθρώπων	1	Do good things in the sight of all people	Alternate translation: “do things that everyone considers to be good”
+ROM	12	9	o8z9	figs-doublenegatives	ἀνυπόκριτος	1	giving	The phrase **without hypocrisy** is a double negative. If your readers would misunderstand this double negative, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
-ROM	12	18	pgt7		τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν, μετὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων εἰρηνεύοντες	1	as far as it depends on you, live at peace with all people	Alternate translation: “do whatever you can to live in peace with everyone”
+ROM	12	9	iv5h	figs-abstractnouns	τὸ πονηρόν…τῷ ἀγαθῷ	1	Let love be without hypocrisy	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **wicked** and **good**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “wicked things … good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	12	19	ew6x	figs-metonymy	δότε τόπον τῇ ὀργῇ	1	give way to his wrath	Here, **wrath** is a metonym for God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “allow God to punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ROM	12	10	mr8i	figs-declarative	τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ εἰς ἀλλήλους φιλόστοργοι; τῇ τιμῇ ἀλλήλους προηγούμενοι	1		Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “in brotherly love, be affectionate to one another; in honor, outdo one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
-ROM	12	19	ns3b	figs-activepassive	γέγραπται γάρ	1	For it is written	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “for someone has written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	12	10	ng86	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ…τῇ τιμῇ	1	Concerning love of the brothers, be affectionate	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **brotherly love** and **honor**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “in loving others as brothers … in honoring others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	12	19	l2i8	figs-parallelism	ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις; ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω	1	Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God will avenge his people. Alternate translation: “I will certainly avenge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
+ROM	12	10	ux2y	figs-gendernotations	τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ	1	Concerning love of the brothers	Although the word **brotherly** is masculine, Paul is using it to refer to all fellow believers, both male and female. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in love for fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-ROM	12	20	c4ig	figs-yousingular	ὁ ἐχθρός σου…σωρεύσεις	1	your enemy … feed him … give him a drink … if you do this, you will heap	The pronouns **your** and **you** are singular and addressed as to one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
+ROM	12	11	iu2i	figs-declarative	τῇ σπουδῇ μὴ ὀκνηροί, τῷ πνεύματι ζέοντες, τῷ Κυρίῳ δουλεύοντες	1	Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant. Concerning the spirit, be eager. Concerning the Lord, serve him	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “in diligence, do not be lazy; in the spirit, be eager; serve the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
-ROM	12	20	q7dq		ἀλλὰ ἐὰν πεινᾷ ὁ ἐχθρός σου, ψώμιζε αὐτόν; ἐὰν διψᾷ, πότιζε αὐτόν; τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν, ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ.	1	But if your enemy is hungry … his head	In 12:20 Paul quotes another part of scripture. Alternate translation: “But the scripture also says, ‘If your enemy is hungry, feed him. If he is thirsty, give him a drink. For doing this, you will heap coals of fire on his head’”
+ROM	12	11	jhe7	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ σπουδῇ	1	Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant. Concerning the spirit, be eager. Concerning the Lord, serve him	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **diligence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in being diligent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ROM	12	20	wce6	figs-metaphor	ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ	1	You will heap coals of fire on his head	Paul speaks of the blessings that the enemies will receive as if someone were pouring hot **coals** on their heads. This could mean: (1) you will make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you. (2) you will give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	11	ddvz	figs-explicit	τῷ πνεύματι	1		Here, **the spirit** could refer to: (1) a person’s spirit, as in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “in your spirit” or “wholeheartedly” (2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “in the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	12	21	q761	figs-personification	μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν	1	Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good	Paul describes **evil** as though it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+ROM	12	12	l3es	figs-declarative	τῇ ἐλπίδι χαίροντες, τῇ θλίψει ὑπομένοντες, τῇ προσευχῇ προσκαρτεροῦντες	1	be patient in suffering	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “in hope, rejoice; in suffering, be patient; in prayer, persist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
-ROM	12	21	k8et	figs-activepassive	μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ	1		You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let those who are evil defeat you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	12	12	wept	grammar-connect-logic-result	τῇ ἐλπίδι	1	be patient in suffering	Here, **in** indicates that **hope** is the reason for **rejoicing**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because of hope, rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
-ROM	12	21	p7fd		μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα…τὸ κακόν	1	Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil	These verbs are addressed as to one person and so are singular.
+ROM	12	12	uv64	grammar-connect-time-simultaneous	τῇ θλίψει ὑπομένοντες	1	be patient in suffering	Here, **in** indicates the situation in which someone should be **patient**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the time of suffering, being patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
+ROM	12	12	xoy0	figs-explicit	τῇ προσευχῇ προσκαρτεροῦντες	1	be patient in suffering	Here, **in** indicates that **prayer** is what one needs to do persistently. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in regard to prayer, persisting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	12	13	vk5h	figs-declarative	ταῖς χρείαις τῶν ἁγίων κοινωνοῦντες, τὴν φιλοξενίαν διώκοντες	1	Share in the needs of the saints	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “in the needs of the saints, share; pursue hospitality” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
+ROM	12	13	m53s	figs-abstractnouns	ταῖς χρείαις τῶν ἁγίων…τὴν φιλοξενίαν	1	Share in the needs of the saints	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **needs** and **hospitality**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “in the things the saints need … what is hospitable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	12	13	i3nm	figs-explicit	ταῖς χρείαις τῶν ἁγίων κοινωνοῦντες	1	Share in the needs of the saints	Here Paul implies sharing the things that a person has with those **saints** who have **needs**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “sharing what you have to meet the needs of the saints” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	12	14	exd8	figs-doublet	εὐλογεῖτε καὶ μὴ καταρᾶσθε	1		These two commands mean the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize what Paul is saying. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you must absolutely bless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+ROM	12	15	szpn	figs-declarative	χαίρειν μετὰ χαιρόντων, κλαίειν μετὰ κλαιόντων	1		Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “rejoice with those who rejoice; weep with those who weep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
+ROM	12	16	agio	figs-declarative	τὸ αὐτὸ εἰς ἀλλήλους φρονοῦντες, μὴ τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ταπεινοῖς συναπαγόμενοι	1	Be of the same mind toward one another	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “think the same thing toward one another, do not think the high things, but accept the lowly ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
+ROM	12	16	hwd1	figs-idiom	τὸ αὐτὸ εἰς ἀλλήλους φρονοῦντες	1	Be of the same mind toward one another	This clause is an idiom that refers to having the same concern for the wellbeing of other people as a person has for himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “thinking about others the same way you think about yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ROM	12	16	ar7y	figs-idiom	μὴ τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονοῦντες	1	Do not think in proud ways	Here, **thinking the high things** refers to someone arrogantly thinking that he is better than other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “not thinking that you are better than others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ROM	12	16	cc23	figs-explicit	τοῖς ταπεινοῖς συναπαγόμενοι	1	accept lowly people	Here, **the lowly ones** could refer to: (1) people who are poor or are not respected by society. Alternate translation: “accepting people who do not seem important” (2) doings things that people think are humiliating or unimportant. Alternate translation: “accepting the lowly tasks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+ROM	12	16	h469	figs-idiom	μὴ γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι παρ’ ἑαυτοῖς	1	Do not be wise in your own thoughts	See how you translated this expression in [11:25](../11/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ROM	12	17	h2tz	figs-declarative	μηδενὶ κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδόντες, προνοούμενοι καλὰ ἐνώπιον πάντων ἀνθρώπων	1	Repay no one evil for evil	Paul is using statements to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “repay no one evil for evil; give careful thought to good things in the sight of all men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
+ROM	12	17	ae3j	figs-abstractnouns	κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ…προνοούμενοι…ἐνώπιον	1	Repay no one evil for evil	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **evil**, **thought**, and **sight**, you could express the ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “evil things for evil things; thinking carefully about … as seen by” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	12	17	hnte	figs-metaphor	μηδενὶ κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδόντες	1	Repay no one evil for evil	Here Paul uses **paying back** to refer to doing something **evil** to someone in response to the **evil** that person has done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “doing something evil to no one for the evil that person has done to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	17	fzh8	figs-metaphor	καλὰ ἐνώπιον πάντων ἀνθρώπων	1	Do good things in the sight of all people	Here Paul uses **sight** to refer to what people mentally perceive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do things that all men perceive to be good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	17	c8lw	figs-gendernotations	πάντων ἀνθρώπων	1	Do good things in the sight of all people	Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
+ROM	12	18	pgt7		τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν	1	as far as it depends on you, live at peace with all people	Alternate translation: “so far as it depends on you” or “as much as it is up to you”
+ROM	12	18	nzwf	figs-declarative	μετὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων εἰρηνεύοντες	1	as far as it depends on you, live at peace with all people	Paul is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “live at peace with all men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
+ROM	12	18	fbzh	figs-gendernotations	πάντων ἀνθρώπων	1		Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
+ROM	12	19	e0hc	figs-declarative	μὴ ἑαυτοὺς ἐκδικοῦντες	1	give way to his wrath	Paul is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for commands. Alternate translation: “do not avenge yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
+ROM	12	19	ew6x	figs-metonymy	δότε τόπον τῇ ὀργῇ	1	give way to his wrath	Here, **wrath** refers to God’s punishment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “give way to God’s punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+ROM	12	19	zre0	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ὀργῇ…ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις	1	give way to his wrath	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **wrath** and **vengeance**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “to God being wrathful … I will avenge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	12	19	tcwn	grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	give way to his wrath	Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the reason why what Paul said in the previous clause is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. You may need to start a new sentence, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	12	19	omjp	writing-quotations	γέγραπται	1	give way to his wrath	See how you translated the similar phrase in [1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
+ROM	12	19	ns3b	figs-activepassive	γέγραπται	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Moses wrote this quotation. Alternate translation: “Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+ROM	12	19	kf44	figs-quotemarks	ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις; ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω, λέγει Κύριος	1		This sentence is a quotation of [Deuteronomy 32:35](../../deu/32/35.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
+ROM	12	19	lkpl	figs-quotesinquotes	ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις; ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω, λέγει Κύριος	1		If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “The Lord says that vengeance is for him; he will repay.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
+ROM	12	19	l2i8	figs-parallelism	ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις; ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω	1	Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God will avenge his people. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “I will certainly avenge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
+ROM	12	19	xo5r	figs-metaphor	ἀνταποδώσω	1	Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay	Here Moses quotes God using **repay** to refer to appropriately punishing someone as if the punishment was reciprocal payment for that person’s deeds. If it might be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will appropriately punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+ROM	12	19	mco6	figs-ellipsis	ἀνταποδώσω	1	Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay	Moses quotes God leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “will repay them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+ROM	12	20	n96q	writing-quotations	ἀλλὰ	1	Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay	**But** here indicates that what follows is a quotation from an Old Testament book ([Proverbs 25:21–22](../../pro/25/21.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “But, God says in the Scriptures,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
+ROM	12	20	q7dq	figs-quotemarks	ἐὰν πεινᾷ ὁ ἐχθρός σου, ψώμιζε αὐτόν; ἐὰν διψᾷ, πότιζε αὐτόν; τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν, ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ.	1		This sentence is a quotation of [Proverbs 25:21–22](../../pro/25/21.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
+ROM	12	20	c4ig	figs-yousingular	ὁ ἐχθρός σου…σωρεύσεις	1		Here the pronouns **your** and **you** are singular and addressed as to one person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use plural forms here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
+ROM	12	20	uwbq	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1		**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why what was said in the previous sentence is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
+ROM	12	20	wce6	figs-idiom	ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ	1	You will heap coals of fire on his head	This clause is an idiom. It could refer to: (1) a person feeling shame as a result of being helped by someone whom that person had harmed. Alternate translation: “you will make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you” (2) God very severely punishing the person who is being helped. Alternate translation: “you will give God a reason to judge him more harshly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+ROM	12	21	q761	figs-personification	μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν	1	Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good	Paul describes **evil** as if it were a person who could conquer someone or be conquered by someone. He is referring to someone doing evil in response to someone doing evil to that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not let evil cause you to do evil, but use good to prevent evil from influencing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+ROM	12	21	p7fd	figs-abstractnouns	τοῦ κακοῦ…τῷ ἀγαθῷ…τὸ κακόν	1	Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **evil** and **good**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “evil things … evil things … good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ROM	12	21	k8et	figs-activepassive	μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not let evil overcome you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	13	intro	l4q7			0		# Romans 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>7. Instructions for living as Christians (12:1–15:13)<br>    * How to act toward God (12:1–2)<br>    * How to serve the church (12:3–8)<br>    * How to act toward other Christians (12:9–13)<br>    * How to act toward unbelievers (12:14–21)<br>    * How to act toward government (13:1–7)<br>    * How to act toward other people (13:8–10)<br>    * Act as if the end is near (13:11–14)<br><br>In the first part of this chapter, Paul teaches Christians to obey rulers who govern them. At that time, ungodly Roman rulers governed the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ungodly rulers<br><br>When Paul teaches about obeying rulers, some readers will find this difficult to understand, especially in places where rulers persecute the church. Christians must obey their rulers as well as obey God, unless the rulers do not allow Christians to do something God explicitly commands them to do. There are times when a believer must submit to these rulers and suffer at their hands. Christians understand that this world is temporary and they will ultimately be with God forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>This is a complex issue. “Flesh” is possibly a metaphor for our sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive (“in the flesh”), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
 ROM	13	1	v5ik			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells believers how to live under their rulers.
 ROM	13	1	b8nf	figs-synecdoche	πᾶσα ψυχὴ…ὑποτασσέσθω	1	Let every soul be obedient to	Here, **soul** is a synecdoche for the whole person. “Let every Christian obey” or “Everyone should obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -2319,7 +2358,7 @@ ROM	14	7	u9ar	figs-exclusive	οὐδεὶς…ἡμῶν	1	none of us	Paul is in
 ROM	14	7	c9ls	figs-explicit	οὐδεὶς ἑαυτῷ ἀποθνῄσκει	1	none dies for himself	This means anyone’s death affects other people. Alternate translation: “none of us should think that when we die, it affects only us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	8	s3lb	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Paul is speaking of both himself and his readers, so all instances of “we” are inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 ROM	14	10	db9a	figs-rquestion	τί κρίνεις τὸν ἀδελφόν σου? ἢ καὶ σὺ τί ἐξουθενεῖς τὸν ἀδελφόν σου?	1	why do you judge your brother? And you, why do you despise your brother?	By using these questions, Paul is demonstrating how he might need to scold individuals among his readers. Alternate translation: “it is wrong for you to judge your brother, and it is wrong for you to despise your brother!” or “stop judging and despising your brother!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-ROM	14	10	al55		τὸν ἀδελφόν	1	brother	Here, **brother** means a fellow Christian, male or female.
+ROM	14	10	al55	figs-gendernotations	τὸν ἀδελφόν	1	brother	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian. See how you translated “brothers” in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	14	10	jq85	figs-metonymy	πάντες γὰρ παραστησόμεθα τῷ βήματι τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God	The **judgment seat** refers to God’s authority to judge. Alternate translation: “For God will judge us all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ROM	14	11	fel6	figs-activepassive	γέγραπται γάρ	1	For it is written,	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “For someone has written in the scriptures:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	14	11	tf76	figs-explicit	ζῶ ἐγώ	1	As I live	This phrase is used to start an oath or solemn promise. Alternate translation: “You can be certain that this is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -2327,13 +2366,13 @@ ROM	14	11	sb6q	figs-synecdoche	ἐμοὶ κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ, καὶ
 ROM	14	11	vngp	figs-123person	ἐμοὶ κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ, καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσεται τῷ Θεῷ	1		The Lord uses the word **God** to refer to himself. Alternate translation: “every person will bow and give praise to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 ROM	14	12	nsy8		περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, λόγον δώσει τῷ Θεῷ	1	will give an account of himself to God	Alternate translation: “will have to explain our actions to God”
 ROM	14	13	ia62	figs-doublet	ἀλλὰ τοῦτο κρίνατε μᾶλλον, τὸ μὴ τιθέναι πρόσκομμα τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἢ σκάνδαλον	1	but instead decide this, that no one will place a stumbling block or a snare for his brother	Here, **stumbling block** and **snare** mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “but instead make it your goal not to do or say anything that might cause a fellow believer to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-ROM	14	13	cx4s		τῷ ἀδελφῷ	1	brother	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian, male or female.
+ROM	14	13	cx4s	figs-gendernotations	τῷ ἀδελφῷ	1	brother	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian. See how you translated this word in [verse 10](../14/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	14	14	t7gc	figs-doublet	οἶδα καὶ πέπεισμαι ἐν Κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ	1	I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus	Here the words **know** and **am persuaded** mean basically the same thing; Paul uses them to emphasize his certainty. Alternate translation: “I am certain because of my relationship with the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 ROM	14	14	fuk1	figs-doublenegatives	οὐδὲν κοινὸν δι’ ἑαυτοῦ	1	nothing is unclean by itself	You can translate this in a positive form. Alternate translation: “everything by itself is clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 ROM	14	14	mjc5		δι’ ἑαυτοῦ	1	by itself	Alternate translation: “by its nature” or “because of what it is”
 ROM	14	14	w3gg	figs-explicit	εἰ μὴ τῷ λογιζομένῳ τι κοινὸν εἶναι, ἐκείνῳ κοινόν	1	Only for him who considers anything to be unclean, for him it is unclean	Paul implies here that a person should stay away from anything that he thinks is unclean. You can make this explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: “but if a person thinks something is unclean, then for that person it is unclean and he should stay away from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	15	iw7w		εἰ…διὰ βρῶμα, ὁ ἀδελφός σου λυπεῖται	1	If because of food your brother is hurt	“If you hurt your fellow believer’s faith over the matter of food.” Here the word **your** refers to those who are strong in faith and **brother** refers to those who are weak in faith.
-ROM	14	15	ln42		ὁ ἀδελφός	1	brother	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian, male or female.
+ROM	14	15	ln42	figs-gendernotations	ὁ ἀδελφός	1	brother	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian. See how you translated this word in [verse 10](../14/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	14	15	bj8v	figs-metaphor	οὐκέτι κατὰ ἀγάπην περιπατεῖς	1	you are no longer walking in love	Paul speaks of the behavior of believers as if it were a walk. Alternate translation: “then you are no longer showing love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	14	16	gl48		μὴ βλασφημείσθω οὖν ὑμῶν τὸ ἀγαθόν	1	So do not allow what you consider to be good to be spoken of as evil	Alternate translation: “If someone else thinks that something is evil, do not do it, even if you consider it to be good”
 ROM	14	17	j92k	figs-explicit	οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ βρῶσις καὶ πόσις, ἀλλὰ δικαιοσύνη, καὶ εἰρήνη, καὶ χαρὰ ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ	1	For the kingdom of God is not about food and drink, but about righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit	Paul argues that God set up his **kingdom** so he could give us a right relationship with himself, and to provide peace and joy. Alternate translation: “For God did not set up his kingdom so that he could rule over what we eat and drink. He set up his kingdom so we could have a right relationship with him, and so he could give us peace and joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -2342,7 +2381,7 @@ ROM	14	19	i3rv	figs-explicit	τὰ τῆς εἰρήνης διώκωμεν, κ
 ROM	14	20	p65h	figs-explicit	μὴ ἕνεκεν βρώματος, κατάλυε τὸ ἔργον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Do not destroy the work of God because of food	You can make explicit the full meaning of this sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not undo what God has done for a fellow believer just because you want to eat a certain kind of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	20	dk72	figs-explicit	ἀλλὰ κακὸν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τῷ διὰ προσκόμματος ἐσθίοντι	1	but it is evil for that person who eats and causes him to stumble	Here a **stumbling block** is a food that a weaker brother eats despite thinking it is wrong, and thereby goes against his conscience. Alternate translation: “but it would be a sin for someone to eat food, which another brother thinks is wrong to eat, if by eating this causes the weaker brother to do something that is against his conscience” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	14	21	mrr4		καλὸν τὸ μὴ φαγεῖν κρέα, μηδὲ πιεῖν οἶνον, μηδὲ ἐν ᾧ ὁ ἀδελφός σου προσκόπτει	1	It is good not to eat meat, nor to drink wine, nor anything by which your brother takes offense	Alternate translation: “It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything else that might cause your brother to sin”
-ROM	14	21	iq9g		ὁ ἀδελφός	1	brother	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian, male or female.
+ROM	14	21	iq9g	figs-gendernotations	ὁ ἀδελφός	1	brother	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian. See how you translated this word in [verse 10](../14/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	14	21	e1du	figs-yousingular	σου	1	your	Here, **you** is singular and stresses the responsibility of each individual believer for his fellow believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
 ROM	14	22	hjk9		σὺ πίστιν ἣν ἔχεις	1	The faith you have	Here, **faith** refers back to the beliefs about food and drink.
 ROM	14	22	b3hi	figs-yousingular	σὺ…σεαυτὸν	1	you … yourself	Here, **you** and **yourself** are singular. Because Paul is addressing the believers, you may have to translate this using plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
@@ -2385,7 +2424,7 @@ ROM	15	12	i4nn	figs-explicit	ἐπ’ αὐτῷ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν
 ROM	15	13	w7wn	figs-hyperbole	πληρώσαι ὑμᾶς πάσης χαρᾶς καὶ εἰρήνης	1	May fill you with all joy and peace	Paul exaggerates here to emphasize his point. Alternate translation: “may … fill you with great joy and peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 ROM	15	14	h98x			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds the believers in Rome that God chose him to reach the Gentiles.
 ROM	15	14	qfs6	figs-explicit	πέπεισμαι…ἀδελφοί μου, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ περὶ ὑμῶν	1	I myself am also convinced about you, my brothers	Paul is quite sure that the believers in Rome are honoring each other in their behavior. Alternate translation: “I myself am completely sure that you yourselves have acted toward others in a completely good way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ROM	15	14	d878		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here, **brothers** refers to fellow Christians, including both men and women.
+ROM	15	14	d878	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	15	14	qhv3	figs-hyperbole	πεπληρωμένοι πάσης γνώσεως	1	filled with all knowledge	Paul exaggerates here to emphasize his point. Alternate translation: “having been filled with sufficient knowledge to follow God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 ROM	15	14	ge2l	figs-explicit	δυνάμενοι καὶ ἀλλήλους νουθετεῖν	1	able to also exhort one another	Here, to **exhort** means to teach. Alternate translation: “also able to teach each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	15	n2gr	figs-activepassive	τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the grace given me by God	Paul speaks of **grace** as if it were a physical gift that **God** had **given** him. God had appointed Paul and apostle even though he had persecuted believers before he decided to follow Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “the grace that God gave me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -2416,7 +2455,7 @@ ROM	15	28	zz8u	figs-metaphor	σφραγισάμενος αὐτοῖς τὸν
 ROM	15	29	ylq8	figs-explicit	ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας Χριστοῦ, ἐλεύσομαι	1	I know that when I come to you I will come in the fullness of the blessing of Christ	This phrase means that Christ will bless Paul and the Roman believers. Alternate translation: “Christ will abundantly bless us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	15	30	w1ta		δὲ	1	Now	If your language has a way to show that Paul has stopped talking about the good things he is confident of ([Romans 15:29](../15/29.md)) and is now starting to talk about the dangers he faces, use it here.
 ROM	15	30	yb7m		παρακαλῶ…ὑμᾶς	1	I urge you	Alternate translation: “I encourage you”
-ROM	15	30	v9iy		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here, **brothers** refers to fellow Christians, including both men and women.
+ROM	15	30	v9iy	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	15	30	fy1v		συναγωνίσασθαί	1	to strive together with	Alternate translation: “to work hard with” or “to struggle with”
 ROM	15	31	u7st	figs-activepassive	ῥυσθῶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀπειθούντων	1	I may be rescued from those who are disobedient	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God may rescue me from those who are disobedient” or “God may keep those who are disobedient from harming me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	15	31	nw5h	figs-explicit	καὶ ἡ διακονία μου ἡ εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ εὐπρόσδεκτος τοῖς ἁγίοις γένηται	1	and that my service for Jerusalem may be acceptable to the believers	Here Paul expresses his desire that the **saints** in **Jerusalem** will gladly accept the money from the believers in Macedonia and Achaia. Alternate translation: “and pray that the believers in Jerusalem will be glad to receive the money that I am bringing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -2452,13 +2491,13 @@ ROM	16	13	zmf4	translate-names	Ῥοῦφον	1	Rufus	**Rufus** is a man’s nam
 ROM	16	13	zy3x	figs-activepassive	τὸν ἐκλεκτὸν ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	chosen in the Lord	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Lord has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ROM	16	13	hqf6	figs-metaphor	τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμοῦ	1	his mother and mine	Paul speaks of the mother of Rufus as if she were his own **mother**. Alternate translation: “his mother, whom I also think of as my mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ROM	16	14	dwh9	translate-names	Ἀσύγκριτον, Φλέγοντα, Ἑρμῆν, Πατροβᾶν, Ἑρμᾶν	1	Asyncritus … Phlegon … Hermes … Patrobas … Hermas	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-ROM	16	14	ck2w		ἀδελφούς	1	brothers	Here, **brothers** refers to fellow Christians, including both men and women.
+ROM	16	14	ck2w	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφούς	1	brothers	See how you translated this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	16	15	ye9j	translate-names	Φιλόλογον…Νηρέα…Ὀλυμπᾶν	1	Philologus … Nereus … Olympas	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	15	n2rx	translate-names	Ἰουλίαν	1	Julia	**Julia** is the name of a woman. She was probably the wife of Philologus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	16	g2z1		φιλήματι ἁγίῳ	1	a holy kiss	an expression of affection for fellow believers
 ROM	16	16	t1q4	figs-hyperbole	ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς αἱ ἐκκλησίαι πᾶσαι τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	All the churches of Christ greet you	Here Paul speaks in a general manner concerning the **churches** of Christ. Alternate translation: “The believers in all the churches in this area send their greetings to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 ROM	16	17	u1m9			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul gives one last warning to the believers about unity and living for God.
-ROM	16	17	wx6r		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here, **brothers** refers to fellow Christians, including both men and women.
+ROM	16	17	wx6r	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	See how you translated this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	16	17	ztv5		σκοπεῖν	1	to think about	Alternate translation: “to watch out for”
 ROM	16	17	n59l	figs-explicit	τὰς διχοστασίας καὶ τὰ σκάνδαλα…ποιοῦντας	1	who are causing the divisions and obstacles	This refers to those who argue and cause others to stop trusting in Jesus. Alternate translation: “who are causing believers to argue with one another and to stop having faith in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ROM	16	17	j9x7		παρὰ τὴν διδαχὴν ἣν ὑμεῖς ἐμάθετε	1	They are going beyond the teaching that you have learned	Alternate translation: “and teaching things that do not agree with the truth you have already learned”
@@ -2479,6 +2518,7 @@ ROM	16	22	nx4g		ἀσπάζομαι ὑμᾶς…ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	greet you i
 ROM	16	23	sw7r	translate-names	Γάϊος…Ἔραστος…Κούαρτος	1	Gaius … Erastus … Quartus	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ROM	16	23	j9u7		ὁ ξένος	1	the host	This refers to Gaius, the person in whose house Paul and his fellow believers gathered for worship.
 ROM	16	23	m5hg		ὁ οἰκονόμος	1	the treasurer	This is a person who takes care of the money for a group.
+ROM	16	23	fnet	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφός	1	the treasurer	Here, **brother** refers to a fellow Christian. See how you translated this word in [14:10](../14/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 ROM	16	25	psm3			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul closes with a prayer of blessing.
 ROM	16	25	v71l		δὲ	1	Now	Here the word **Now** marks the closing section of the letter. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you can use it here.
 ROM	16	25	pp5k	figs-metaphor	ὑμᾶς στηρίξαι	1	to strengthen you	Paul speaks here of having strong faith as if a person were being set firmly in place. Alternate translation: “to make your faith strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])