From 70e474f4b00a206b4393a9f22dcaaca8f9739a6b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: stephenwunrow Date: Sat, 23 Sep 2023 20:54:13 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Merge stephenwunrow-tc-create-1 into master by stephenwunrow (#3536) Co-authored-by: stephenwunrow Co-committed-by: stephenwunrow --- tn_MRK.tsv | 537 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------- 1 file changed, 332 insertions(+), 205 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_MRK.tsv b/tn_MRK.tsv index 6345f5dc30..e7fc2fa241 100644 --- a/tn_MRK.tsv +++ b/tn_MRK.tsv @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 4:32 dywv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπὸ τὴν σκιὰν αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **in its shadow** could imply that the birds are nesting: (1) in the lower branches of the plant, which are in the **shadow** of the higher branches. Alternate translation: “in its shadow in the lower branches” (2) on the ground that is in the **shadow** of the plant. Alternate translation: “in its shadow on the ground” 4:33-34 y7i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory καὶ τοιαύταις παραβολαῖς πολλαῖς, ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον, καθὼς ἠδύναντο ἀκούειν & χωρὶς δὲ παραβολῆς οὐκ ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς, κατ’ ἰδίαν δὲ τοῖς ἰδίοις μαθηταῖς, ἐπέλυεν πάντα 1 This sentence marks the end of Jesus’ teaching by summarizing how Jesus taught the crowds. Use a natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a speech. Alternate translation: “Before he stopped teaching them, he used many such parables to speak the word to them, just as they were able to hear; but he did not speak to them without a parable, but by himself he explained everything to his own disciples” 4:33 nfck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον 1 Mark is using the term **word** to mean the gospel, which Jesus preached using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gospel” -4:33 vofc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 +4:33 vofc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the people who were there with him, not just the disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “to the crowds” or “to the people who were near him” 4:33 u82i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καθὼς ἠδύναντο ἀκούειν 1 Here Mark could mean that: (1) Jesus told his audience as much as he knew that they could **hear**. Alternate translation: “teaching them all the things that they were able to hear” (2) Jesus spoke to his audience in a way that he knew they could **hear**. Alternate translation: “teaching them in a way that they could hear” 4:33 kol8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀκούειν 1 Here Mark uses the word **hear** to refer to both hearing and understanding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to realize what he meant” 4:34 oo4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives χωρὶς & παραβολῆς οὐκ ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative word **not** and the negative preposition **without**. Alternate translation: “he was only speaking to them with a parable”\n @@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 6:15 s5cq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis προφήτης 1 These people are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “He is a prophet” 6:15 xnin rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἷς τῶν προφητῶν 1 Here these people are referring to the famous **prophets** who lived many years earlier. There are many stories in the Old Testament about the amazing things these **prophets** did and said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to these specific **prophets** more explicitly. Alternate translation: “one of the famous prophets from the Scriptures” or “one of the ancient prophets” 6:16 a5hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo ὃν ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα, Ἰωάννην οὗτος ἠγέρθη 1 Here, the phrase **this one** refers directly back to **{The one} whom I beheaded, John**. Herod expresses the idea in this way to introduce the person he is talking about and then explain what he thinks has happened to that person. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the phrase **this one** would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “The one whom I beheaded, John, has been raised” -6:16 tc0t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 1 Herod is implying that Jesus is actually **John**, who **has been raised** and now goes by the name Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “This man Jesus is actually the one whom I beheaded, John, who has been raised” or “The one whom I beheaded, John, this one has been raised and is now called Jesus” +6:16 tc0t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃν ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα, Ἰωάννην οὗτος ἠγέρθη 1 Herod is implying that Jesus is actually **John**, who **has been raised** and now goes by the name Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “This man Jesus is actually the one whom I beheaded, John, who has been raised” or “The one whom I beheaded, John, this one has been raised and is now called Jesus” 6:16 ym2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα 1 Here Herod implies that he had his soldiers behead John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “my soldiers beheaded” or “I had my soldiers behead” 6:16 oidb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οὗτος ἠγέρθη 1 See how you expressed the similar phrase in [6:14](../06/14.md). Alternate translation: “has been restored to life” 6:16 n6nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὗτος ἠγέρθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, Herod could be implying that: (1) God did it. Alternate translation: “God has raised this one” (2) John himself did it. Alternate translation: “this one has risen” @@ -1780,7 +1780,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 10:26 mba6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants πρὸς αὐτόν 1 Some ancient manuscripts read **to him**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “to themselves.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. 10:26 fjex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion καὶ τίς δύναται σωθῆναι? 1 The disciples are using the question form to express their astonishment. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “So it seems that no one is able to be saved.” or “So no one is able to be saved!” 10:26 fn25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τίς δύναται σωθῆναι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be God. Alternate translation: “who can receive salvation” or “whom will God save” -10:27 xo97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second sentence gives the reason for the result that the first sentence describes. Alternate translation: “All things are possible with God. Because of that, with men it is impossible, but not with God” +10:27 xo97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result παρὰ ἀνθρώποις ἀδύνατον, ἀλλ’ οὐ παρὰ Θεῷ; πάντα γὰρ δυνατὰ παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second sentence gives the reason for the result that the first sentence describes. Alternate translation: “All things are possible with God. Because of that, with men it is impossible, but not with God” 10:27 fhsq παρὰ ἀνθρώποις & παρὰ Θεῷ & παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ. 1 Alternate translation: “For men … for God … for God” 10:27 vfyb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀνθρώποις 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “humans” 10:27 jg4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀδύνατον 1 Here Jesus is referring back to what the disciples asked about whether anyone can be saved (see [10:26](../10/26.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “being saved is impossible” @@ -2544,214 +2544,341 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 13:36 mh8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor καθεύδοντας 1 Here Jesus speaks of people who are not ready for his return as if they were **sleeping**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable metaphor or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like someone who is asleep” or “unprepared for his return” or “not being watchful” 13:37 wmic rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces a further development of what Jesus has been saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a development in what someone is saying, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” 13:37 rbkd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πᾶσιν 1 Jesus is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to every person” or “all men and women” -14:intro uk36 0 # Mark 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:27, 62, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The meaning of the “body” and “blood” of Jesus\n\n[Mark 14:22–25](./22.md) describes Jesus’ last meal with his followers. During this meal, Jesus said of the bread, “This is my body,” and of the wine, “This is my blood of the covenant, which is being poured out for many.” As Jesus instructed, Christian churches around the world re-enact this meal regularly, calling it “the Lord’s Supper,” the “Eucharist”, or “Holy Communion.” But they have different understandings of what Jesus meant by these sayings. Some churches believe that Jesus was speaking and that he meant that the bread and wine represented his body and blood. Other churches believe that he was speaking literally and that the actual body and blood of Jesus are really present in the bread and wine of this ceremony. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.\n\n### The new covenant\n\nSome people think that Jesus established the new covenant during the supper. Others think he established it after he went up to heaven. Others think it will not be established until Jesus comes again. Your translation should say no more about this than ULT does. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 12, 13, 17, 27, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37, 41, 43, 45, 51, 53, 61, 63, 66, 67. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense]])\n\n### Abba, Father\n\n“Abba” is an Aramaic word that the Jews used to speak to their fathers. Mark writes it as it sounds and then translates it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n### “Son of Man”\n\nJesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Mark 14:20](../mrk/14/20.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -14:1 hwb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nMark uses the word **Now** to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next in the story. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. -14:1 xa8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἦν δὲ τὸ Πάσχα καὶ τὰ Ἄζυμα μετὰ δύο ἡμέρας. καὶ ἐζήτουν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς 1 During **the Festival of Unleavened Bread** the Jews did not eat bread that was made with yeast. You could translate this phrase as either a description or as a name. Alternate translation: “Now it was two days before the beginning of the Passover and the festival during which the Jews did not eat any bread that was made with yeast. The chief priests and the scribes were seeking” -14:1 ve8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτὸν ἐν δόλῳ κρατήσαντες, ἀποκτείνωσιν 1 Here, both uses of the pronoun **him** refer to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “they could seize Jesus by deceit and kill him” -14:1 qtym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀποκτείνωσιν 1 These leaders did not have the authority to execute Jesus themselves. Rather, they were hoping to get others to kill him. Alternate translation: “they might cause Jesus to be put to death” or “they could have Jesus killed” -14:2 em4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔλεγον γάρ 1 The pronoun **they** refers to “the chief priests and the scribes” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “For the chief priests and the scribes were saying to one another” -14:2 fk19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μὴ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ 1 The phrase **Not during the festival** refers to not arresting Jesus during the festival. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “We must not arrest him during the festival” or “We should not arrest him during the festival” +14:intro uk36 0 # Mark 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n5. The death of Christ and the empty tomb (14:1–16:8)\n * The chief priests and scribes plan to kill Jesus (14:1–2)\n * A woman anoints Jesus (14:3–9)\n * Judas agrees to hand Jesus over (14:10–11)\n * Jesus’ last meal with his disciples (14:12–25)\n * Jesus predicts that his disciples will deny him (14:26–31)\n * Jesus prays in Gethsemane (14:32–42)\n * Judas hands Jesus over, and the disciples flee (26:43–52)\n * Jesus’ trial before the Jewish council (14:53–65)\n * Peter denies Jesus three times (14:66–72)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [14:27](../14/27.md), which is a quote from [Zechariah 13:7](../zec/13/07.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Perfumed oil\n\nIn [14:3–9](../14/03.md), a woman anoints Jesus with perfumed oil. The kind that the woman uses was very expensive. People would use these oils to make themselves look and smell good. Also, they used oils to anoint corpses before they buried them, possibly to keep them from smelling. In this story, the woman uses the oil to honor Jesus, and Jesus also interprets it as a preparation for his burial. Make sure that your readers understand what anointing with this kind of oil means. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oil]])\n\n### Denying Jesus\n\nThroughout this chapter, Jesus and his disciples speak about “denying” Jesus. If a disciple denies Jesus, the disciple claims to have no connection with Jesus, neither knowing nor following him. Consider how you might naturally express this idea in your language.\n\n### Jesus’ trial before the Jewish council\n\nIn [14:53–65](../14/53.md), Mark narrates Jesus’ trial before the Jewish council. Since Jerusalem was governed by the Roman empire, the Roman governor, Pilate, was the only one who could actually have someone executed. So, the Jewish council needed to find evidence against Jesus that proved that he did something for which the Roman governor would execute him. This trial, then, was a preliminary step. They first needed to find good evidence to condemn Jesus, and then they needed to present evidence to the Roman governor that would lead to him executing Jesus. While you should not explain all these details in your translation, make sure that your translation does fit with this general idea.\n\n### The Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven\n\nIn [14:62](../14/62.md), Jesus indicates that he, the Son of Man, will “come” on the clouds of heaven. However, he does not indicate the location to which he will “come.” Christians debate whether Jesus is describing his return to earth or his enthronement in heaven. If possible, your translation should allow for both possibilities. See the notes on this verse for translation options.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Body and bread, blood and cup\n\nIn [14:22–25](../14/22.md), Jesus identifies bread as “my body” and wine in a cup as “my blood of the covenant.” These statements can be understood in at least three primary ways: (1) the bread and wine somehow become Jesus’ body and blood; (2) Jesus’ body and blood are present, physically or spiritually, in the bread and wine; or (3) the bread and wine memorialize or symbolize Jesus’ body and blood. Christians are divided on this question, and statements that link body and blood to bread and wine are very significant in the Bible and in Christian teaching. For these reasons, it is best to preserve these statements without expressing them as similes or in another nonfigurative way. If you must express them in another way, see the notes on [14:22–25](../14/22.md) for translation possibilities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear when Jesus is talking to groups of people. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 12, 13, 17, 27, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37, 41, 43, 45, 51, 53, 61, 63, 66, 67. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense]])\n\n### Abba, Father\n\nIn [14:36](../14/36.md), Mark indicates that Jesus says “Abba, Father” when he prays. “Abba” is an Aramaic word that the Jews used to speak to their fathers. Mark writes it as it sounds. The word that follows, which is the word for “father” in Greek, could be Mark’s explanation of what “Abba” means. On the other hand, Jesus might have used this Greek word in his prayer. If possible, spell out “Abba” as it sounds in your language and then use the word you use to translate “Father” when it refers to God. See the notes on this verse for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n### Judas’ kiss for Jesus\n\nIn [14:44–45](../14/44.md), Mark describes how Judas kissed Jesus so the soldiers would know whom to arrest. In this culture, when men greeted other men who were family or friends, they would kiss them, probably on one cheek or on both cheeks. If men would not greet each other with a kiss in your culture, you could explain the purpose of the kiss, or you could translate the expression in a more general way. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/kiss]])\n +14:1 hwb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 Mark uses the word **Now** to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next in the story. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile,” +14:1 xa8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ Πάσχα καὶ τὰ Ἄζυμα 1 Here Mark’s readers would have known that **the Passover** was a festival that took place on the first day of the week-long celebration named **the Festival of Unleavened Bread**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the first day of the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the Passover,” or “the Passover, the first day of hte Festival of Unleavened Bread,” +14:1 ve8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν δόλῳ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **deceit**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “deceitfully” or “cleverly” +14:1 qtym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀποκτείνωσιν 1 Here Mark implies that the chief priests and elders would have other people **kill** Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they might have him killed” +14:2 d5oz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the chief priests and scribes wanted to seize Jesus “by deceit.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for something, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “They were seeking a way to do this by deceit because” or “Here is why they needed to be deceptive:” +14:2 w7g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἔλεγον & μὴ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ, μήποτε ἔσται θόρυβος τοῦ λαοῦ 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “they were saying that they would not do it during the festival, so that there would not be a riot of the people” +14:2 em4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔλεγον 1 The pronoun **they** refers to “the chief priests and the scribes” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the chief priests and the scribes were saying” +14:2 fk19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μὴ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ 1 The phrase **Not during the festival** refers to not arresting Jesus during the festival. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “We must not arrest him during the festival” +14:2 fsxr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ ἑορτῇ 1 Here, the **festival** refers to the Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread, as indicated in [14:1](../14/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the festival of Passover and Unleavened Bread” or “the Festival of Unleavened Bread, including the Passover” +14:2 dzh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ λαοῦ 1 This means specifically the great crowds of **people** who were in the city of Jerusalem and who liked Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the people who listen to Jesus” or “of the people who are here who follow Jesus” +14:3 zuhe rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. This event most likely happened about the same time as the chief priests and scribes were planning how to kill Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile,” 14:3 owfp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns καὶ ὄντος αὐτοῦ ἐν Βηθανίᾳ, ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ Σίμωνος τοῦ λεπροῦ, κατακειμένου αὐτοῦ 1 Both uses of the pronoun **he** refer to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “And Jesus being in Bethany in the house of Simon the leper, Jesus reclining to eat” -14:3 bf84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Σίμωνος τοῦ λεπροῦ 1 The word **Simon** is the name of a man. This man previously had leprosy but no longer had this disease. If this man had still had leprosy, he would have been considered ceremonially unclean in this society and would not have been allowed to enter the presence of people who did not have leprosy. This is a different man than Simon Peter and Simon the Zealot. Alternate translation: “Simon, the man who formerly had leprosy” -14:3 hh81 λεπροῦ 1 See how you translated the term “leper” in [1:40](../01/40.md). -14:3 sh4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown κατακειμένου αὐτοῦ 1 In this culture, the manner of eating at a feast or dinner party was to lie on a couch and prop oneself up with the left arm on some pillows. Alternate translation: “while he is lying on a banqueting couch to eat” -14:3 nl8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀλάβαστρον 1 The word **alabaster** is the name of a soft, white stone. People stored precious and valuable items in jars made from alabaster. Alternate translation: “a jar made of soft, white stone” -14:3 hk2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown μύρου & πολυτελοῦς 1 This **oil** had fragrant additives. To make a themselves have a nice smell, people would rub the oil on themselves or sprinkle their clothing with it. Alternate translation: “of expensive oil with perfume in it” -14:3 fqa9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown μύρου, νάρδου πιστικῆς πολυτελοῦς 1 The **perfumed oil** was made from the roots of a **nard** plant, which is sometimes called “spikenard.” If your readers would not be familiar with **nard** plants, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “of highly valued scented oil made from spikenard roots” or “containing costly perfumed oil distilled from the nard roots” -14:3 rw4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession μύρου, νάρδου πιστικῆς πολυτελοῦς 1 In this phrase, the second occurrence of the word **of** is used to describe **perfumed oil** that is “made from” **very precious pure nard**. If this use of the possessive **of** would be confusing in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “containing very precious perfumed oil of pure nard” -14:3 yb3w πολυτελοῦς 1 Alternate translation: “very precious” -14:4 v57p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion εἰς τί ἡ ἀπώλεια αὕτη τοῦ μύρου γέγονεν? 1 These people are using a rhetorical question to emphasize that they thought the perfumed oil should not have been poured on Jesus. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “This woman wasted that perfumed oil!” -14:4 g9qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis εἰς τί 1 Mark’s quotation is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “For what reason” -14:4 gjmg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown μύρου 1 See how you translated the phrase **perfumed oil** in [14:3](../14/03.md). -14:5 xfzs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸ μύρον 1 See how you translated the phrase **perfumed oil** in [14:3](../14/03.md). -14:5 y113 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἠδύνατο & τοῦτο τὸ μύρον πραθῆναι 1 Mark wants to show his readers that those present were mainly concerned about money. If your readers would not understand this use of the passive form here, you could state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we could have sold this perfume” or “she could have sold this perfume” -14:5 t4p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηναρίων τριακοσίων 1 See how you translated the word **denarii** in [6:37](../06/37.md). -14:5 h62k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj δοθῆναι τοῖς πτωχοῖς 1 Here, the adjective **poor** is being used as a noun in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the money given to people who are poor” -14:5 k83q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δοθῆναι τοῖς πτωχοῖς 1 Here, the word **given** refers to giving the money which could be made from the sale of the perfumed oil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly, as modeled by the UST. -14:5 kmpd καὶ ἐνεβριμῶντο αὐτῇ 1 Alternate translation: “And then they spoke harshly to her because of what she had done” -14:6 r9wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί αὐτῇ κόπους παρέχετε? 1 With the question **Why are you causing trouble for her?**, Jesus is not asking for information, but rather, he is using the question form here to rebuke the guests who are troubling this woman regarding what she has done for Jesus. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You should not trouble her!” -14:6 f4yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns καλὸν ἔργον 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **work**, you can express the same idea in another way, as modeled by the UST. -14:7 tc3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς πτωχοὺς 1 See how you translated the phrase **the poor** in [14:5](../14/05.md). Alternate translation: “people who are poor” -14:9 vr3w ἀμὴν & λέγω ὑμῖν 1 See how you translated the statement **truly I say to you** in [3:28](../03/28.md). -14:9 ysc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὅπου ἐὰν κηρυχθῇ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that “his followers” will be the ones doing it. Alternate translation: “wherever my followers preach the gospel” -14:9 ljh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καὶ ὃ ἐποίησεν αὕτη, λαληθήσεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that “his followers” will be the ones doing it. Alternate translation: “my followers will speak also of what she has done” -14:9 u2ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μνημόσυνον 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **remembrance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form, as modeled by the UST, or you can express the same idea in another way that is natural in your language. -14:10 br8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἰούδας Ἰσκαριὼθ 1 See how you translated the name **Judas Iscariot** in [Mark 3:19](../mrk/03/19.md). -14:10 tq5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δώδεκα 1 See how you translated the phrase **the Twelve** in [3:16](../03/16.md). -14:10 z71f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἵνα αὐτὸν παραδοῖ αὐτοῖς 1 **Judas** did not deliver Jesus to the **chief priests** yet. Rather, he went to make such arrangements with them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “in order to arrange with them that he would hand Jesus over to them” -14:10 hmhr ἵνα αὐτὸν παραδοῖ αὐτοῖς 1 Alternate translation: “to help them arrest Jesus” -14:10 khvb αὐτὸν παραδοῖ 1 See how you translated the phrase “handed him over” in [3:19](../03/19.md). -14:10 u2ec rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτὸν 1 The pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus” -14:11 kzk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ δὲ ἀκούσαντες 1 It may be helpful to your readers to state explicitly what the chief priests **heard**. Alternate translation: “But the chief priests, when they heard that Judas Iscariot was willing to betray Jesus to them” -14:11 m4il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy αὐτῷ ἀργύριον δοῦναι 1 Mark is speaking of money by reference to the precious metal, **silver**, that gives money its value. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to pay money to Judas for doing this” -14:11 f7ek rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἐζήτει 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Judas Iscariot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Judas Iscariot was seeking” -14:11 jrym rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτὸν 1 The second occurrence of the pronoun **him** in this verse refers to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly, as modeled by the UST. -14:12 vxax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ πρώτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν Ἀζύμων 1 This was the **first day** of the seven-day festival described in [14:1](../14/01.md). You could translate this as either a description or as a name, depending on what you did there. Alternate translation: “on the first day of the Festival of Unleavened Bread” or “on the day when the Jews removed all bread made with yeast from their homes” -14:12 bel5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy φάγῃς τὸ Πάσχα 1 Jesus’ disciples are using the name of this part of the festival, **Passover** to refer to the meal that people shared on that occasion. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “the Passover meal” +14:3 hh81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Σίμωνος τοῦ λεπροῦ 1 Here Mark could be implying that: (1) **Simon** had once been a **leper** but had been healed. Alternate translation: “of Simon, who had been healed of leprosy” (2) the house was owned by **Simon**, who was a **leper**, but he did not live there. Alternate translation: “owned by Simon the leper” (3) **the leper** was a nickname for **Simon**, who did not actually have leprosy. Alternate translation: “of Simon, who was nicknamed ‘the leper’” +14:3 bf84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Σίμωνος 1 The word **Simon** is the name of a man. This is a different man than Simon Peter and Simon the Zealot. +14:3 sh4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown κατακειμένου αὐτοῦ 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would usually recline, or lay on one side, when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. Alternate translation: “he sitting down to eat” or “he eating”\n +14:3 s5v0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants ἦλθεν γυνὴ ἔχουσα ἀλάβαστρον μύρου, νάρδου πιστικῆς πολυτελοῦς 1 Here Mark introduces a woman into the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there was a woman who had an alabaster jar of very precious perfumed oil of pure nard. She came to Jesus” +14:3 pkwr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ἀλάβαστρον μύρου, νάρδου πιστικῆς πολυτελοῦς 1 Mark is using the possessive form to describe **an alabaster jar** that is filled with **very precious perfumed oil**, which he identifies as **pure nard**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “an alabaster jar full of very precious perfumed oil, specifically nard” +14:3 nl8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀλάβαστρον 1 The word **alabaster** is the name of a soft, white stone. People stored precious and valuable items in jars made from alabaster. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of stone, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a white stone jar” +14:3 hk2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown μύρου & πολυτελοῦς 1 This **oil** had fragrant additives. To make a themselves have a nice smell, people would rub the oil on themselves or sprinkle their clothing with it. Mark indicates that this was particularly **precious** oil. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of oil, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “of very precious oil with perfume in it” +14:3 yb3w πολυτελοῦς 1 Alternate translation: “very expensive” +14:3 fqa9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown νάρδου πιστικῆς 1 Here Mark indicates that the **oil** was made from the roots of a **nard** plant, which is sometimes called “spikenard.” If your readers would not be familiar with **nard** plants, you could use a descriptive phrase or a more general expression. Alternate translation: “of pure extract from spikenard roots” or “made only from plant roots” +14:4 cuof rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δέ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +14:4 attu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀγανακτοῦντες πρὸς ἑαυτούς 1 Here Mark could be implying that: (1) the people spoke the following words to each other. Alternate translation: “being very angry and saying to one another” (2) the people thought the following words without saying them. Alternate translation: “being very angry and thinking” +14:4-5 y4z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations πρὸς ἑαυτούς, εἰς τί ἡ ἀπώλεια αὕτη τοῦ μύρου γέγονεν? & ἠδύνατο γὰρ τοῦτο τὸ μύρον πραθῆναι ἐπάνω δηναρίων τριακοσίων, καὶ δοθῆναι τοῖς πτωχοῖς & καὶ 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “asking for what the waste of the perfumed oil had happened and saying that the perfumed oil was able to have been sold for more than 300 denarii and given to the poor. And” +14:4 v57p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion εἰς τί ἡ ἀπώλεια αὕτη τοῦ μύρου γέγονεν? 1 The people there are using the question form to show that they think the woman wasted the perfume. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “There is no reason for this waste of the perfumed oil.” or “What a waste of the perfumed oil!” +14:4 g9qw εἰς τί ἡ ἀπώλεια αὕτη τοῦ μύρου γέγονεν 1 Alternate translation: “What is the purpose for this waste of the perfumed oil” +14:4 glel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ ἀπώλεια αὕτη τοῦ μύρου γέγονεν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **waste**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is she wasting this perfumed oil” +14:4 gjmg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown μύρου 1 See how you translated the phrase **perfumed oil** in [14:3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “of the oil with perfume in it” +14:5 qeip rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why these people say that the woman wasted the perfume. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “We say that because” or “As a matter of fact,” +14:5 y113 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἠδύνατο & τοῦτο τὸ μύρον πραθῆναι ἐπάνω δηναρίων τριακοσίων, καὶ δοθῆναι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would have done the action, it is clear from the context that would have been the woman. Alternate translation: “she was able to sell this perfumed oil for more than 300 denarii and give it” +14:5 xfzs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸ μύρον 1 See how you translated the phrase **perfumed oil** in [14:3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “oil with perfume in it” +14:5 t4p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney ἐπάνω δηναρίων τριακοσίων 1 The word **denarii** refers to silver coins, each equivalent to about one day’s wage for a hired worker. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. See how you translated **denarii** in [6:37](../06/37.md). Alternate translation: “for more than 300 silver coins” or “more than 300 days’ wages”\n +14:5 k83q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπάνω δηναρίων τριακοσίων, καὶ δοθῆναι 1 Here these people imply that the perfumed oil could have been sold for **more than 300 denarii**, and this money is what would been **given to the poor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “for more than 300 denarii, which could have been given” +14:5 h62k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοῖς πτωχοῖς 1 These people are using the adjective **poor** as a noun to mean poor people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to people who are poor” +14:5 kmpd καὶ ἐνεβριμῶντο αὐτῇ 1 Alternate translation: “And they were criticizing her harshly because of what she had done” +14:6 gz8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces how Jesus responded in contrast to how the other people there responded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” +14:6 cz95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἄφετε αὐτήν 1 Here, the command **Leave her alone** means that these people should stop rebuking and criticizing the woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Stop scolding her” or “Do not criticize her” +14:6 r9wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί αὐτῇ κόπους παρέχετε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke these people for saying what they did about how the woman acted. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Do not cause trouble for her.” or “Stop causing trouble for her!” +14:6 f4yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns αὐτῇ κόπους παρέχετε? καλὸν ἔργον 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **trouble** and **work**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “are you troubling her … something good” +14:6 oewt ἐν ἐμοί 1 Alternate translation: “to me” +14:7 rjyb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Jesus rebukes these people for saying that the woman should have given money to the poor instead of pouring the perfume on Jesus’ head. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a rebuke, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I am rebuking you because” or “Here is why I say that:”\n +14:7 tc3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς πτωχοὺς 1 Jesus is using the adjective **poor** as a noun to mean poor people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are poor” +14:7 vs5f αὐτοῖς εὖ ποιῆσαι 1 Alternate translation: “to give money to them” +14:8 z479 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃ ἔσχεν ἐποίησεν 1 Here Jesus implies that the woman did what she was able to do to serve and help Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “She did what she was able to do” or “What she could do, she did” +14:8 q5i1 προέλαβεν 1 Alternate translation: “She acted beforehand” +14:8 al01 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὸν ἐνταφιασμόν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **burial**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for when I am buried” +14:9 ysc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κηρυχθῇ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον & καὶ ὃ ἐποίησεν αὕτη, λαληθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the actions, you could use indefinite subjects. Alternate translation: “people preach the gospel … they will also speak what she did” +14:9 u2ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς μνημόσυνον αὐτῆς 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **remembrance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “so that she is remembered” or “as a way to remember her” +14:10 npzw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,” +14:10 tq5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δώδεκα 1 See how you translated the phrase **the Twelve** in [3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “of the 12 apostles” or “of the 12 men whom Jesus had chosen to be apostles”\n +14:10 br8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀπῆλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “came away” +14:10 z71f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἵνα αὐτὸν παραδοῖ αὐτοῖς 1 **Judas** did not hand Jesus over to the **chief priests** yet. Rather, he went to make arrangements with them about doing that. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “so that he might arrange with them how he would hand him over to them” or “so that he might offer to hand him over to them” +14:11 kzk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀκούσαντες 1 Here Mark implies that the chief priests **heard** that Judas wanted to hand Jesus over. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having heard that Judas Iscariot wanted to betray Jesus to them” +14:11 f7ek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπηγγείλαντο αὐτῷ ἀργύριον δοῦναι 1 Here Mark implies that the chief priests **promised to give him silver** if he handed Jesus over to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “promised to give him silver if he handed Jesus over to them” +14:11 m4il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἀργύριον 1 Here, **silver** represents coins made out of silver. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “silver coins” +14:12 uhvr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,” +14:12 dby4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τῇ πρώτῃ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “on day one” +14:12 r9my rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔθυον 1 The pronoun **they** refers to Jewish people in general. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use a word or phrase that refers to Jewish people in general. Alternate translation: “Jewish people were sacrificing” +14:12 vxax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ Πάσχα 1 Here Mark uses the name of the festival, **Passover**, to refer to the lamb that God had commanded Jews to kill and eat for their celebration meal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “lambs for their Passover meals” +14:12 yqex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular θέλεις & φάγῃς 1 Because the disciples are speaking to Jesus, the word **you** throughout this verse is singular. +14:12 vok1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀπελθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come away” +14:12 k4fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit φάγῃς 1 Here the disciples imply that will **eat the Passover** with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “we may eat” +14:12 bel5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ Πάσχα 2 Jesus’ disciples are using the name of the festival, **Passover**, to refer to the meal that people shared on that occasion. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the Passover meal” 14:13 suny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual αὐτοῖς & ὑμῖν 1 Since Jesus is speaking to two men, the pronouns **them** and **you** would both be in the dual form, if your language uses that form. Otherwise, they would be plural. -14:13 cijy καὶ ἀπαντήσει ὑμῖν ἄνθρωπος κεράμιον ὕδατος βαστάζων 1 Alternate translation: “and you will see a man carrying a jug of water” -14:13 a7xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown κεράμιον ὕδατος 1 Here, **pitcher of water** means not a small serving **pitcher**, but a large earthen jug, which the man would likely be carrying on his shoulder. If your language has its own term for a large container that people use to transport water, you could use it here. -14:14 i344 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἴπατε τῷ οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ὅτι ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγει, ποῦ ἐστιν τὸ κατάλυμά μου, ὅπου τὸ Πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου φάγω 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation and then another quotation within that one. Alternate translation: “tell the owner of the house that the Teacher wants to know where the guest room is where he can eat the Passover meal with his disciples” -14:14 yhtm διδάσκαλος 1 See how you translated **Teacher** in [4:38](../04/38.md). -14:14 imqg τῷ οἰκοδεσπότῃ 1 Alternate translation: “to the owner of that house” -14:14 q3pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ Πάσχα 1 Jesus is telling these two disciples to use the name of this part of the festival, **the Passover**, to refer to the meal that people shared on that occasion. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “the Passover meal” -14:15 jlci rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀνάγαιον μέγα 1 In this culture, in some houses, rooms were built above other rooms. If your community does not have houses like that, you could use another expression to describe a large indoor space that people could use for a celebration meal. -14:15 x3zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐστρωμένον ἕτοιμον 1 The word **furnished** is a passive verbal form. If your language does not use such forms, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “one he has furnished and made ready” +14:13 cijy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ὑπάγετε 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “Come” instead of **Go**. Alternate translation: “Come” +14:13 a7xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown κεράμιον ὕδατος 1 Here, the phrase **pitcher** refers to a large earthen jug, which the man would likely be carrying on his shoulder. This large jug was full of **water**. If your language has its own term for a large container that people use to transport water, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “a jug full of water” +14:14 i344 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἴπατε τῷ οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ὅτι ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγει, ποῦ ἐστιν τὸ κατάλυμά μου, ὅπου τὸ Πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου φάγω 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within quotations. Alternate translation: “tell the master of that house that the Teacher wants to know where his guest room is, where he can eat the Passover meal with his disciples” +14:14 imqg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ οἰκοδεσπότῃ 1 The **master of that house** is the man who owns the house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the man whose house it is” +14:14 z6lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ποῦ ἐστιν τὸ κατάλυμά μου, ὅπου τὸ Πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου φάγω? 1 Jesus instructs the two disciples to ask about **Where** the **guest room** is, but this question always implies that the disciples are asking for permission to use the **guest room**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Also, you could express the idea as a request rather than as a question. Alternate translation: “Will you allow me to use my guest room where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?” or “Please allow me to use my guest room where I may eat the Passover with my disciples.” +14:14 yhtm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸ κατάλυμά μου 1 Here, Jesus is instructing the disciples to use the possessive form to describe a **guest room** that has been reserved for Jesus. Jesus does not own this guest room. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the guest reserved for me” or “the guest room prepared for me” +14:14 q3pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ Πάσχα 1 Jesus instructs his disciples to use the name of the festival, **Passover**, to refer to the meal that people shared on that occasion. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the similar idea in [14:13](../14/13.md). Alternate translation: “the Passover meal” +14:15 z0xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual ὑμῖν 1 Since the word **you** applies to the two disciples, it would be dual, if your language uses that form. Otherwise, it would be plural. +14:15 jlci rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀνάγαιον μέγα 1 In this culture, in some houses, rooms were built above other rooms. If your community does not have houses like that, you could use another expression to describe a large indoor space that people could use for a celebration meal. Alternate translation: “a big hall” or “a large dining room” +14:15 x3zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐστρωμένον ἕτοιμον 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could indicate that the man who owned the house did it. Alternate translation: “one that he has furnished and made ready” +14:15 ujqy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἐστρωμένον ἕτοιμον 1 The terms **furnished** and **ready** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “ready for us to use” or “furnished with everything we need” 14:15 k4t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῖν 1 Here, when Jesus says **us**, he is referring to himself and his disciples, including the two he is addressing here, so **us** would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. -14:16 sb35 ἐξῆλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ 1 Alternate translation: “the two disciples departed” -14:16 wkh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ Πάσχα 1 Mark is using the name of this part of the festival, **the Passover**, to refer to the meal that people shared on that occasion. Alternate translation: “the Passover meal” -14:17 i1q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔρχεται μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express explicitly to where Jesus and his disciples came. Alternate translation: “he comes with the Twelve to the house” -14:17 t0q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχεται 1 Your language may say “goes” rather than **comes** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “he goes” -14:17 bheu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δώδεκα 1 See how you translated the phrase **the Twelve** in [3:16](../03/16.md). -14:18 cwl8 ἀνακειμένων 1 See how you translated the phrase **reclining to eat** in [14:3](../14/03.md). -14:18 dg95 ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 See how you translated the statement **Truly I say to you** in [3:28](../03/28.md). -14:18 v5es παραδώσει με 1 See how you translated the phrase “hand him over” in [14:10](../14/10.md). -14:19 layt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἤρξαντο λυπεῖσθαι 1 The pronoun **They** refers to Jesus’ disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “The disciples began to be sorrowful” -14:19 v3a1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom εἷς κατὰ εἷς 1 The phrase **one by one** is an idiom meaning “one at a time.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “one at a time” -14:19 f13p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μήτι 1 The phrase **Surely not** is the ULT’s translation of the negative Greek word that Mark used. The Greek word that Mark used is a negative word that can be used to turn a negative statement into a question that expects a negative answer. Your language may have other ways of asking a question that expects a negative answer, for example, by changing the word order of a positive statement. Translate this in the way that would be clearest in your language. -14:20 n1tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj εἷς τῶν δώδεκα 1 See how you translated the phrase **the Twelve** in [3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “He is one of the twelve of you” -14:20 htn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐμβαπτόμενος μετ’ ἐμοῦ εἰς τὸ τρύβλιον 1 Part of the Passover meal involved **dipping** bread into a flavored sauce called haroseth sauce. Mark assumes that his readers will know this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “dipping his bread into the bowl with me” -14:21 cif4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὅτι ὁ μὲν Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει, καθὼς γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ; οὐαὶ δὲ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ δι’ οὗ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “For I, the Son of Man, depart just as it has been written about me, but woe to that man by whom I am handed over” -14:21 h35q Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου & Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [2:10](../02/10.md). -14:21 q5l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism ὅτι ὁ μὲν Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει, καθὼς γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus uses the word **departs** to refer to his death. This is a polite way of referring to something unpleasant. If it would be helpful in your language, use a different polite way of referring to this or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “For the Son of Man will die just as it has been written about him” -14:21 hl6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καθὼς γέγραπται 1 Here, Mark uses **it has been written** to mean that it is prophesied in the Old Testament Scriptures. Mark assumes that his readers will understand this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Mark is referring to an important text. Alternate translation: “just as it has been written in the Scriptures” -14:21 b13q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that “people” did it. Alternate translation: “men inspired by God have written” -14:21 f51n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δι’ οὗ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who hands him over” or, if you decided to use the first person, “who hands me over” -14:21 ct78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δι’ οὗ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται 1 You can state this more directly. Alternate translation: “who hands over the Son of Man” -14:22 ne53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτον 1 The term **bread** refers to a loaf of bread, which is a lump of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. The **bread** referred to here was a flat loaf of unleavened **bread** that was eaten as part of the Passover meal. Alternate translation: “a loaf of bread” -14:22 ukuc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἄρτον 1 Since Jews did not eat **bread** made with yeast during this festival, this bread would not have had any yeast in it and it would have been flat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “a loaf of unleavened bread” -14:22 oqv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὐλογήσας 1 Mark assumes that his readers will know that the phrase **having blessed {it}** means that Jesus prayed to God before they ate the bread. Jewish people would have known that at the beginning of the Passover meal the host would begin the meal by praying a prayer of praise to God for the bread. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and having prayed and given thanks to God for it” or “and having prayed a prayer of praise to God for it” -14:22 ula2 ἔκλασεν 1 Jesus may have divided the loaf of **bread** into many pieces, as the UST says, or he may have divided it into two pieces and given those to the apostles to divide among themselves. If possible, use an expression in your language that would apply to either situation. -14:22 amg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς 1 The implication of the phrase **and gave {it} to them** is that Jesus **gave** the bread to the disciples to eat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and gave it to them to eat” -14:22 adb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου 1 See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter about how to translate the phrase **This is my body**. Christians understand this phrase to be: (1) a metaphor. Alternate translation: “This represents my body” (2) literal. Alternate translation: “My body is really present in this bread” -14:23 u6rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche λαβὼν ποτήριον 1 Here, **cup** is a metonym for wine. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “having taken the cup of wine” -14:23 whqj εὐχαριστήσας 1 Your language may require you to state the object of the verb. Alternate translation: “when he had given thanks to God” -14:24 q5hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης, τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον ὑπὲρ πολλῶν 1 In the Hebrew culture, covenants were customarily ratified through animal sacrifices that involved shedding the **blood** of the animals. Here Jesus is likely alluding to that practice in light of his impending sacrificial death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “This is my blood which ratifies the covenant, and my blood is being poured out for many people” -14:24 nj85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης, τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον ὑπὲρ πολλῶν 1 The phrase **of the** introduces the purpose for Jesus shedding his **blood**. Jesus is stating that the purpose for him shedding his blood is to establish the new **covenant**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose. Alternate translation: “This is my blood which is being poured out for many for the purpose of establishing God’s covenant” or “This is my blood which is being poured out for many for the purpose of making God’s covenant with his people” -14:24 hs24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης, τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον ὑπὲρ πολλῶν 1 See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter about how to translate the phrase **This is my blood**. Christians understand this phrase to be: (1) a metaphor. Alternate translation: “This wine represents my blood which establishes the covenant, and it is my blood which I will pour out for many” (2) literal. Alternate translation: “My blood of the covenant, which is being poured out for many, is really present in this wine” -14:24 pt5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον ὑπὲρ πολλῶν 1 Jesus is referring to the way his **blood** is going to be **poured out** when he dies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form. Alternate translation: “which I will pour out for many people” -14:25 i9yk ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 See how you translated the statement **Truly I say to you** in [3:28](../03/28.md). -14:25 mxwn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ὅτι οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ πίω ἐκ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου, ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ὅταν αὐτὸ πίνω καινὸν 1 The phrase **certainly not** and the phrase **any longer** are both negative phrases, and therefore, this is a double negative. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “that you can know for certain that the next time I drink wine will be when I drink it new” or “that you could know for certain that I will only drink wine again when I drink it new” -14:25 t7ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου 1 Jesus is referring to the juice (which is fermented and becomes wine) that people squeeze from grapes that grow on grapevines as if it were the **fruit** or the grapes themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, as modeled by the UST. -14:25 qyf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τῆς ἡμέρας 1 Here Jesus uses the term **day** to refer to a particular period of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language, as modeled by the UST. -14:25 y1pf αὐτὸ πίνω καινὸν, ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 The word **new** could be referring to: (1) Jesus, and therefore would mean “again” or “in a new way.” See the parallel account in [Luke 22:18](../luk/022/18.md) where Jesus seems to mean this. Alternate translation: “I drink it in a new way in the kingdom of God” or “I drink it anew in the kingdom of God” or “I drink it again when I celebrate the Passover after it is fulfilled when God’s kingdom is consummated” (2) the wine and thus would be referring to drinking a new type or quality of wine. Alternate translation: “I drink new wine” -14:25 ue3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 See how you decided to translate the phrase **the kingdom of God** in [1:15](../01/15.md). If it would be helpful in your language to understand the abstract noun **kingdom**, you could express the idea behind it with a verb such as “rule” as modeled by the UST. +14:16 sb35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθον 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “came” +14:16 ozjd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὗρον καθὼς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς 1 Here Mark means that what Jesus **said to them** is exactly what happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what he said to them is what occurred” or “it happened just as he said to them” +14:16 wkh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ Πάσχα 1 Jesus instructs his disciples to use the name of the festival, **Passover**, to refer to the meal that people shared on that occasion. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the similar idea in [14:13](../14/13.md). Alternate translation: “the Passover meal” +14:17 i1q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔρχεται μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus and **the Twelve** came to the room in the house in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he comes with the Twelve to the house” +14:17 t0q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχεται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “he goes” +14:17 bheu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δώδεκα 1 See how you translated the phrase **the Twelve** in [3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “the 12 apostles” or “the 12 men whom he had chosen to be apostles” +14:18 cwl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀνακειμένων 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would usually recline, or lay on one side, when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture. Since Mark clarifies that they are **eating**, you do not need to explain the meaning of the action. See how you expressed the similar phrase in [14:3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “sitting down”\n +14:18 dg95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish ὁ ἐσθίων μετ’ ἐμοῦ 1 Here Jesus further describes the **one** who will hand him over as someone who is **eating with** him. Since all the disciples were eating with him, Jesus is not making distinctions between disciples. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “you who are eating with me” +14:19 layt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἤρξαντο λυπεῖσθαι, καὶ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was what Jesus said. Alternate translation: “What Jesus said began to grieve them, and they began” +14:19 v3a1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom εἷς κατὰ εἷς 1 The phrase **one by one** indicates that each of the disciples spoke to Jesus in sequence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one at a time” +14:19 f13p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion μήτι ἐγώ? 1 Here the disciples could be using the question form: (1) to tell Jesus that they would never hand him over. In this case, you could express the idea as a statement or exclamation. Alternate translation: “I am not the one!” (2) to ask a hesitant question. In this case, they are unsure whether they would hand Jesus over. Alternate translation: “Can it really be me?” +14:19 cy1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis μήτι ἐγώ 1 The disciples are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “Surely it is not I who will hand you over” +14:20 a0c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus said in contrast to what the disciples were asking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,” +14:20 n1tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δώδεκα 1 See how you translated the phrase **the Twelve** in [3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “of the 12 apostles” or “of the 12 men whom I have chosen to be apostles” +14:20 htn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ὁ ἐμβαπτόμενος μετ’ ἐμοῦ εἰς τὸ τρύβλιον 1 Here Jesus describes one specific way of eating food in his culture to refer to eating in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one taking food from the same plate with me” or “the one participating in this meal with me”\n +14:20 fory rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish ὁ ἐμβαπτόμενος 1 Here Jesus is further describing the **one of the Twelve** who will hand him over. He is not identifying which one of **the Twelve** it will be. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “one of you who are dipping” +14:21 m02t rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases ὅτι 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation about what Jesus has said about one of the Twelve betraying him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a further explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “Yes,” +14:21 cif4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὁ μὲν Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει, καθὼς γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ; οὐαὶ δὲ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ δι’ οὗ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται 1 Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, depart just as it has been written about me. But woe to that man through whom I am handed over” +14:21 h35q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ὑπάγει 1 Here Jesus uses the present tense to describe a future event. He does this to emphasize that the future event is sure to happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense here and express the certainty in another way. Alternate translation: “will surely depart” +14:21 q5l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism ὑπάγει 1 Here, **departs** is a polite way to refer to dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable polite way to refer to dying, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “passes away” or “dies”\n +14:21 hl6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καθὼς γέγραπται 1 Here Jesus implies that what has been written can be found in the Old Testament Scriptures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “just as it has been written in the Scriptures” +14:21 b13q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the people who wrote the Scriptures. Alternate translation: “the prophets wrote” or “the Scriptures testify” +14:21 f51n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δι’ οὗ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who hands over the Son of Man” +14:21 ct78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐκ ἐγεννήθη ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the man’s mother. Alternate translation: “that man’s mother had not given birth to him” +14:22 ne53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτον 1 The term **bread** refers to a loaf of bread, which is a lump of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. The **bread** referred to here was a flat loaf of unleavened **bread** that was eaten as part of the Passover meal. Alternate translation: “a loaf of unleavened bread” +14:22 oqv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὐλογήσας 1 Here Mark could be implying that Jesus **blessed**: (1) God for providing the food. Alternate translation: “having blessed God” or “having praised God” (2) the food. Alternate translation: “having blessed it” or “having asked God to make it holy” +14:22 ula2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔκλασεν 1 Here Matthew means that Jesus broke the bread in pieces so that it could be served to the disciples. This was a normal practice in his culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he divided the bread into servings” or “he broke the bread into smaller pieces” +14:22 ukuc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis λάβετε 1 Here Jesus implies that he wants the disciples to **Take** the pieces of bread that he gave to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Take these pieces of bread” +14:22 qqcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit λάβετε 1 Here Jesus implies that the disciples should eat the pieces of bread after they **Take** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Take and eat” +14:22 adb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου 1 Here Jesus identifies the bread as his **body**. This figure of speech has been interpreted in a number of ways. The bread could somehow become Jesus’ **body**, or Jesus’ **body** could be present in some way when people eat the bread, or the bread could represent or memorialize Jesus’ **body**. Because of the variety of interpretations and the significance of this metaphor, you should preserve the metaphor if there is any way to do so. If you must express the metaphor in a different way, use a form that could fit with as many of the listed interpretations as possible. Alternate translation: “This functions as my body” +14:23 u6rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ποτήριον 1 Here Mark uses the word **cup** to refer both to it and to the drink inside the cup, which in Jesus’ culture would have been wine. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a cup full of wine” or “some wine” +14:23 whqj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔπιον ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάντες 1 Here Mark implies that the disciples took turns drinking from the cup until they had all had a drink. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “each of them drank from it” or “one by one they all drank from it” +14:24 hs24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης 1 Here Jesus identifies the cup of wine as his **blood of the covenant**. This figure of speech has been interpreted in a number of ways. The wine could somehow become Jesus’ **blood**, or Jesus’ **blood** could be present in some way when people drink the wine, or the wine could represent or memorialize Jesus’ **blood**. Because of the variety of interpretations and the significance of this metaphor, you should preserve the metaphor if there is any way to do so. If you must express the metaphor in a different way, use a form that could fit with as many of the listed interpretations as possible. Alternate translation: “This functions as my blood of the covenant” +14:24 cdol rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοῦτό 1 Here, the pronoun **This** refers to the wine in the cup that Mark mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the wine more directly. Alternate translation: “The wine in this cup” +14:24 nj85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe how his **blood** inaugurates or initiates **the covenant**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “my blood that initiates the covenant” +14:24 q5hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον 1 Here Jesus means that he will die and his blood will be **poured out** of his body. He is using words that people would use to describe how animals would be offered to God: these animals would be killed and then their blood would be **poured out** on or near the altar. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “which, when I die, is being poured out” or “which is being shed” +14:24 pt5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκχυννόμενον 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, Jesus implies that he himself does it when he dies. Alternate translation: “I am pouring out” +14:24 p5vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πολλῶν 1 Jesus is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many men and women” +14:25 mxwn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ πίω 1 The words translated **certainly not any longer** are three negative words. In this construction, the second and third negatives do not cancel the first. Instead, they give greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use three negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a triple negative here. If your language does not use three negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “I will by no means any longer drink” or “I will certainly no longer drink” +14:25 t7ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐκ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου 1 Here, the phrase **fruit of the vine** refers to wine. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “alcohol made from grapes” or “wine” +14:25 qyf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης 1 Here Jesus uses the term **day** to refer to a particular moment in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that hour” or “the moment” +14:25 y1pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αὐτὸ πίνω καινὸν 1 Here, the word **new** could go with: (1) **drink**. In this case, Jesus means that he will drink the wine in a **new** way. Alternate translation: “I drink it in a new way” or “I drink it anew” (2) the wine. In this case, Jesus means that he will drink new wine. Alternate translation: “I drink new wine” +14:26 b994 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” 14:26 l996 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ὑμνήσαντες 1 A **hymn** is a song or poem that is sung to praise God. The Jews would traditionally sing a psalm from Psalms 113–118 at the end of the Passover meal, so the **hymn** that Jesus and his disciples sang was likely one of these psalms. If your readers would not be familiar with a **hymn**, you could use the name for religious songs in your culture, if you have them, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “having sung a psalm” or “having sung a song of praise to God” -14:27 pu4s λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Alternate translation: “Jesus said to his disciples” +14:27 pu4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result πάντες σκανδαλισθήσεσθε, ὅτι γέγραπται, πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα καὶ τὰ πρόβατα διασκορπισθήσονται 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the last clauses gives the basis for the claim that the first clause makes. Alternate translation: “It is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd and the sheep will be scattered.’ Therefore, you all will be caused to stumble” 14:27 lty4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πάντες σκανδαλισθήσεσθε 1 Here Jesus speaks as if his disciples were going to **stumble**. He means that they will reject and desert him because of what will happen to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You all will desert me” or “You all will run away from me” -14:27 gkb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations γέγραπται 1 Here, Mark uses **it is written** to introduce a quotation from an Old Testament passage of Scripture, ([Zechariah 13:7](../zec/13/07.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Mark is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “it is written in God’s Word” or “it is written by Zechariah the prophet” -14:27 jp51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form, as modeled by the UST, or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that “Zechariah” did it. Alternate translation: “regarding what would happen to the Messiah and his followers, Zechariah wrote” -14:27 qzzv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ὅτι γέγραπται, πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα καὶ τὰ πρόβατα διασκορπισθήσονται 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “because Zechariah the prophet wrote that God would strike the shepherd and the sheep would be scattered” or “because Zechariah the prophet predicted in the Scriptures that God would strike the shepherd and the sheep would be scattered” -14:27 cv7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα καὶ τὰ πρόβατα διασκορπισθήσονται 1 Jesus is quoting a prophecy from ([Zechariah 13:7](../zec/13/07.md)) in which the prophet Zechariah speaks of the Messiah as if he were a **shepherd** and of the Messiah’s followers as if they were **sheep**. Since this is a quotation from Scripture, translate the words directly rather than providing an explanation of them, even if your language does not customarily use such figures of speech. If you want to explain the meaning of the metaphor, we recommend that you do that in a footnote rather than in the Bible text. -14:27 w2az rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὰ πρόβατα διασκορπισθήσονται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea behind the phrase **the sheep will be scattered** in another way that is natural in your language. The phrase **the sheep will be scattered** does not necessarily imply that there is someone making the action of scattering happen, so try to translate this phrase in a way that simply shows that **the sheep will be scattered** without saying who will make the action happen. Alternate translation: “the sheep will run away in different directions” -14:28 dm1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐγερθῆναί με 1 The phrase **raised up** means to having become alive again after having died. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “I am made alive again” -14:28 qi4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ ἐγερθῆναί με 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God raises me from the dead” -14:29 op1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πάντες 1 By using the word **all** in this context, the implication is that **Peter** is referring to “all the other disciples.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “all the other disciples” -14:29 j961 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σκανδαλισθήσονται 1 See how you translated the phrase **will be caused to stumble** in [14:27](../14/27.md). Alternate translation: “leave you” -14:29 div5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οὐκ ἐγώ 1 In the phrase **not I**, Peter is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “I will not fall away” or “I will not forsake you” -14:30 z2q9 ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι 1 See how you translated the statement **Truly I say to you** in [3:28](../03/28.md). -14:30 i4g3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “rooster crowing” in [13:35](../13/35.md). -14:31 z9le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡσαύτως & καὶ πάντες ἔλεγον 1 The phrase **they all also were speaking in the same manner** means that all of the disciples were saying the same thing that Peter said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly, as modeled by the UST. -14:32 deg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔρχονται 1 The pronoun **they** refers to Jesus and his disciples. If this might confuse your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly, as modeled by the UST. -14:32 ni66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχονται 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYour language may say “went” rather than **come** or “came” in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “they went” or “they go” -14:34 eyw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου 1 By using the phrase **My soul**, Jesus is speaking of his entire self by referring to one part of himself, his **soul**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or use plain language, as modeled by the UST. -14:34 krj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ψυχή μου 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **soul**, you can express the same idea in another way, as modeled by the UST. -14:34 ic1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ἕως θανάτου 1 Jesus is using the phrase **to death** to describe the extent of his grief. Jesus is exaggerating in order to show the depth of the distress and sorrow that he feels. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language that expresses great sorrow, or you could turn the phrase **to death** into a simile, as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “and I have so much grief that it makes me feel like I am near death” -14:35 nk8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰ δυνατόν ἐστιν 1 Alternate translation: “if possible” -14:35 wc6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom παρέλθῃ & ἡ ὥρα 1 Jesus is using the term **hour** to refer to a specific time at which an event or events would take place. Here, the phrase **the hour** refers specifically to the time of Jesus’ suffering. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning in plain language, as the UST models. -14:35 gj74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy παρέλθῃ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἡ ὥρα 1 Here, Jesus is referring to the events that would take place during the upcoming hours as if they were the **hour** itself. Because Jesus is associating the upcoming events with the time of the events themselves, by asking that **the hour might pass**, Jesus is actually asking that the events themselves would not happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or use plain language. Alternate translation: “the upcoming events would pass from him” or “he would not have to experience the upcoming things which he knew he was going to have to suffer” -14:36 c11w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Ἀββά 1 The word **Abba** is an Aramaic word meaning **Father** and which the Jews used to address their fathers. Mark writes it as it sounds in Aramaic (he transliterates it) and then translates its meaning into Greek for his readers, who did not know Aramaic. Since the Aramaic word **Abba** is followed by the Greek word **Father**, it is best to transliterate **Abba** and then give its meaning in your language as Mark does. -14:36 t9r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατήρ 1 The word **Father** is an important title for God. -14:36 jk6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor παρένεγκε τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 Jesus is referring to the sufferings he will soon experience as if they were a **cup** of bitter-tasting liquid that he would have to drink. If your readers would not understand what **cup** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Please spare me from these sufferings” -14:36 s1r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative παρένεγκε τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 The statement **Remove this cup from me** is an imperative, but it should be translated as a request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please spare me from these sufferings” -14:37 ja6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns εὑρίσκει αὐτοὺς καθεύδοντας 1 The pronoun **them** refers to Peter, James, and John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that in a way that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “finds the three disciples sleeping” -14:37 kp33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Σίμων, καθεύδεις? οὐκ ἴσχυσας μίαν ὥραν γρηγορῆσαι? 1 Jesus is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to rebuke **Peter** for falling asleep. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate Jesus’ words as a statement, as modeled by the UST. -14:38 hi36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns προσεύχεσθε, ἵνα μὴ ἔλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **temptation**, you can express the idea behind it with a verb such as “tempt.” Alternate translation: “pray, so that nothing will tempt you to sin” -14:38 zrp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προσεύχεσθε, ἵνα μὴ ἔλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν 1 The implications are that the disciples will soon experience the **temptation** to abandon Jesus in order to save themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “pray that when the Jewish leaders come to arrest me and you are tempted to try to save yourselves by running away or denying that you know me, you will not sin by doing that” -14:38 c1je rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ & πνεῦμα 1 Jesus is describing the inner part of a person (which includes their desires and will) by association with their **spirit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or use plain language. See how you translated **spirit** in [2:8](../02/08.md), where **spirit** is used with a similar meaning. Alternate translation: “The inner self” or “The inner person” -14:38 djxc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὸ & πνεῦμα 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **spirit**, you can express the same idea in another way, as modeled by the UST. -14:38 gt2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis πρόθυμον 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “is willing to do what is right” or “is willing to do what pleases God” or “is willing to obey me” -14:38 b909 ἡ & σὰρξ ἀσθενής 1 Here, the word **flesh** could: (1) include the meaning of both option 2 and option 3 and therefore **flesh** would refer to both the weakness of the human body and also to the deficiency of human desire and ability to do what is right. Alternate translation: “the body and your spiritual strength is weak” (2) refer to the human “body.” Alternate translation: “the body is weak” (3) refer to the sinful part of human nature that prefers to seek comfort and seek what it desires rather than obey God and do the things that please him. Alternate translation: “the sinful human nature is weak” -14:39 l9nj τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον εἰπών 1 Alternate translation: “and said the same thing he had prayed the first time” -14:40 zkb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result εὗρεν αὐτοὺς καθεύδοντας, ἦσαν γὰρ αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ καταβαρυνόμενοι 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “because the three disciples’ eyes were weighed down, he found them sleeping” -14:40 bgyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 Here, the pronoun **them** refers to Peter, James, and John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning in a way that would make that clear in your language. Alternate translation: “the three disciples” -14:40 vwlx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **for** indicates that what follows is the reason that Jesus found the disciples sleeping. Use a natural way in your language to show this connection. Alternate translation: “because” -14:40 ht2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἦσαν & αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ καταβαρυνόμενοι 1 The phrase **their eyes were weighed down** is an idiom meaning “they were very tired.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “they were very sleepy” or “they were very tired” -14:40 hayg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἦσαν & αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ καταβαρυνόμενοι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “tiredness had caused their eyes to be weighed down” or “their sleepiness had caused their eyes to be weighed down” -14:41 x7qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ἔρχεται τὸ τρίτον 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can translate the phrase **the third time** in a way that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he comes yet again” -14:41 jo0t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 Here, the pronoun **them** refers to Peter, James, and John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning in a way that would make that clear in your language. Alternate translation: “to his three disciples” -14:41 lw7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion καθεύδετε τὸ λοιπὸν καὶ ἀναπαύεσθε 1 Jesus is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to rebuke his disciples for falling asleep and resting. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way, as modeled by the UST. -14:41 wxmq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπέχει 1 The phrase **It is enough** most likely refers to the apostles sleeping. They need to wake up and prepare for what is about tot happen. Alternate translation: “It is enough sleep” or “That is enough sleep” -14:41 ae53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα 1 See how you translated the term **hour** in [13:11](../13/11.md) where it is used with the same figurative sense. Alternate translation: “The time has come” -14:41 msb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 **Behold** is an exclamation word that communicates that the listeners should pay attention. Use an exclamation that is natural in your language for communicating this, as modeled by the UST. -14:41 khqg ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 See how you translated the title **Son of Man** in [2:10](../02/10.md). -14:41 h5u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 By calling himself **the Son of Man** Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you can use the first person, as modeled by the UST. -14:41 eg9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive παραδίδοται ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone is about to hand over the Son of Man into the hands of the sinners” -14:41 uyzf παραδίδοται 1 See how you translated the phrase “betrayed him” in [3:19](../03/19.md), where it is used with the same meaning as it is here. -14:41 mcns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν 1 Here, **hands** is a metonym for control. See how you translated **hands** in [9:31](../09/31.md), where it is used with the same figurative sense. Alternate translation: “into the control of the sinners” or “into the custody of the sinners” -14:42 ruj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 See how you translated the word **Behold** in [14:41](../14/41.md). -14:42 vkzb ὁ 1 Alternate translation: “the person” -14:42 qmm4 παραδιδούς 1 See how you translated the phrase “handed him over” in [3:19](../03/19.md). -14:43 ytk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential εὐθὺς 1 See how you translated the word **immediately** in [1:10](../01/10.md). -14:43 nz4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δώδεκα 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nSee how you translated the phrase **the Twelve** in [3:16](../03/16.md). -14:44 r9cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δεδώκει δὲ ὁ παραδιδοὺς αὐτὸν σύσσημον αὐτοῖς λέγων, ὃν ἂν φιλήσω, αὐτός ἐστιν; κρατήσατε αὐτὸν, καὶ ἀπάγετε ἀσφαλῶς 1 To help his readers understand what happens next, Mark provides this background information about how Judas had arranged his betrayal of Jesus with the Jewish leaders. Here Mark uses the word **Now** to introduce the background information which he gives in the rest of this verse. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Now Judas, who was going to hand Jesus over, gave this signal to those who were going to arrest Jesus. Judas said, ‘Whomever I may kiss, he it is. Seize him and lead him away securely’” -14:44 bvwx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτὸν 1 The pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly, as modeled by the UST. -14:44 bzj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ παραδιδοὺς αὐτὸν 1 The phrase **the one handing him over** refers to Judas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly, as modeled by the UST. -14:44 lsh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αὐτός ἐστιν 1 The phrase **is he** refers to Jesus, the man that Judas was going to identify. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “is the one you should arrest” -14:45 tpd4 Ῥαββεί 1 See how you translated the title **Rabbi** in [9:5](../09/05.md). -14:46 gszh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐπέβαλαν τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν καὶ ἐκράτησαν αὐτόν 1 Here, **laid hands on** is an idiom which means to take hold of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “took hold of Jesus and seized him in order to take him into custody” -14:46 y5qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἐπέβαλαν τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν καὶ ἐκράτησαν αὐτόν 1 The phrases, **laid hands on him** and **seized him** mean the same thing. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you could combine these phrases into one. Alternate translation: “seized Jesus” or “seized him” or “took hold of Jesus in order to arrest him” -14:47 m6b9 τῶν 1 Alternate translation: “of the people who were” -14:48 gv6e ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς 1 Alternate translation: “Jesus said to the crowd” -14:48 eq25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων συνλαβεῖν με? 1 Jesus is not asking for information, but is using the question form here as an emphatic way to rebuke the crowd. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way, as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “It is ridiculous that you come here to seize me with swords and clubs as if I were a robber!” -14:48 djp0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξήλθατε 1 Your language may say “gone” rather than **come** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “have you gone out” -14:49 my05 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τῷ ἱερῷ 1 Only priests were allowed to enter the temple building, so by saying **the temple**, Jesus means the temple courtyard. He is using the word for the entire building to refer to one part of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this explicitly, as modeled by the UST. -14:49 t9d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ἵνα πληρωθῶσιν αἱ Γραφαί 1 Jesus’ words **But so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled** could: (1) be an ellipsis. If this is the case, then Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words. Matthew, in his parallel account in [Matt 26:56](../mat/26/56.md), supplies the words “all this has happened” between the words **But** and **so that**, so if this is an ellipsis these are the words that should be supplied. Alternate translation: “But all this has happened so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled” or “But, so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled, all this has happened” (2) instead be translated with an imperatival meaning as “But let the Scriptures be fulfilled.” Alternate translation: “But let the Scriptures be fulfilled” -14:49 d8wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πληρωθῶσιν αἱ Γραφαί 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Jesus implies that both God and sinful humans are acting to fulfill Scripture. God is intentionally acting to fulfill Scripture by leading Jesus to be willing to die and not flee from those trying to kill him. Sinful humans are also acting to fulfill Scripture even though they do not know that they are fulfilling what God had foretold in the Old Testament would happen to the Messiah. Because of this, if you must state who did the action, it would be best to translate this in a way that includes both or allows for both. Alternate translation: “God might fulfill through the acts of sinful men what has been foretold in the Scriptures” -14:50 pk0i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτὸν 1 The pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus” -14:50 gqz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔφυγον πάντες 1 The phrase **they all** refers to Jesus’ 12 disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “all Jesus’ disciples fled” -14:51 y5yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σινδόνα 1 The term **linen** refers to a high quality cloth made from the fibers of the flax plant. If you do not have **linen** in your region and/or your readers would be unfamiliar with this term, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a garment made of fine cloth” or “a garment made of good cloth” -14:51 nag4 κρατοῦσιν αὐτόν 1 Alternate translation: “the men seized that man” -14:53 ze1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπήγαγον τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could state more explicitly what the phrase **they led Jesus away** means. Alternate translation: “they took Jesus from where they had arrested him” -14:54 bzg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background καὶ ὁ Πέτρος ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ 1 Mark provides this background information to help readers understand what happens next in the story. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Now Peter followed Jesus, not getting too close” -14:54 l5gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Πέτρος ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ, ἕως 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could state explicitly why Peter **followed** Jesus **from a distance**. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Peter followed Jesus, staying some distance away so that he himself would not be recognized and arrested. He followed as far as going” -14:55 w23n rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases οἱ δὲ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ ὅλον τὸ Συνέδριον 1 The word **Now** indicates that Mark is transitioning subjects and is now making **the chief priest** and the **Sanhedrin** the subject of the story instead of Peter. Use a natural way in your language for indicating this change in subjects. Alternate translation: “Now the men who were the chief priests and the entire Sanhedrin” -14:55 wlp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐζήτουν κατὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ μαρτυρίαν, εἰς τὸ θανατῶσαι αὐτόν 1 The phrase **seeking testimony against** means that the chief priests and the Sanhedrin was seeking evidence against Jesus that they could bring to the Roman authorities and use it to accuse Jesus. This was not an official trial. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “were looking for evidence against Jesus so that they could have him put to death” -14:55 xp1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μαρτυρίαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimony**, you can express the idea behind this word by using a verbal phrase, as modeled by the UST, or by expressing the idea in some other way that is natural in your language. -14:55 yew5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὸ θανατῶσαι αὐτόν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you can express the idea behind this word by using a verb form such as “kill” or by expressing it some other way. Alternate translation: “so that they could have him killed” -14:56 quw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns καὶ ἴσαι αἱ μαρτυρίαι οὐκ ἦσαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimonies**, you can express the idea behind this word by using a verbal phrase, as modeled by the UST, or by expressing the idea in some other way that is natural in your language. See how you translated the word **testimonies** in [14:55](../14/55.md). Alternate translation: “but what they said against Jesus was not the same” or “but when they testified against Jesus, they contradicted each other” or “but when they testified against Jesus, their testimonies were not consistent with each other” -14:57 vulz ἐψευδομαρτύρουν 1 See how you translated the word **testifying** in [14:56](../14/56.md). -14:58 nbvu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ὅτι ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν αὐτοῦ λέγοντος, ὅτι ἐγὼ καταλύσω τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, τὸν χειροποίητον, καὶ διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἄλλον ἀχειροποίητον οἰκοδομήσω 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We heard him saying that he will destroy this temple made with hands and in three days will build another made without hands” +14:27 zaxm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πάντες σκανδαλισθήσεσθε 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You all will stumble” +14:27 gkb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations γέγραπται 1 Here, Jesus uses the phrase **it is written** to introduce a quotation from an Old Testament passage of Scripture, ([Zechariah 13:7](../zec/13/07.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “you can read in the Scriptures” or “it says in the book of Zechariah” +14:27 jp51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God speaking through Zechariah. Alternate translation: “Zechariah wrote” or “God spoke through Zechariah” +14:27 qzzv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes γέγραπται, πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα καὶ τὰ πρόβατα διασκορπισθήσονται 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “it is written that God will strike the shepherd and the sheep will be scattered” +14:27 cv7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα καὶ τὰ πρόβατα διασκορπισθήσονται 1 Here the author of the quotation speaks as if the Messiah were a **shepherd** and as if his people were **sheep**. He means that the Messiah is the leader, and his people are like helpless sheep without him. Since Jesus is quoting these words from the Old Testament, if possible preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “I will strike the person who is like a shepherd and those who are like sheep will be scattered” +14:27 ui7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πατάξω 1 In this quotation, God is the one speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I, God, will strike” +14:27 jjqt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πατάξω 1 Here, the word **strike** means to hit someone hard enough to kill that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I will fatally strike” or “I will strike down” +14:27 w2az rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὰ πρόβατα διασκορπισθήσονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the sheep will scatter” +14:28 dm1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐγερθῆναί με 1 Here, the phrase **raised up** refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am restored to life”\n +14:28 qi4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ ἐγερθῆναί με 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, Jesus could be implying that: (1) God will do it. Alternate translation: “God raises me up” (2) Jesus himself will do it. Alternate translation: “I raise myself up” +14:28 ghds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν 1 Here Jesus implies that once he is in **Galilee**, his disciples will meet him there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I will go before you into Galilee, where you will be with me again” +14:28 p4lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go προάξω 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “I will come before” +14:29 u6sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Peter said in contrast to what Jesus said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,” +14:29 op1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἰ καὶ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται 1 Peter is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that **all** might be **caused to stumble**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “Even were all to be caused to stumble” +14:29 j961 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σκανδαλισθήσονται 1 Here Peter speaks as if all the disciples were going to **stumble**. He means that they will reject and desert Jesus because of what will happen to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the similar phrase in [14:27](../14/27.md). Alternate translation: “will desert you” or “will run away from you” +14:29 amz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σκανδαλισθήσονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will stumble” +14:29 div5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οὐκ ἐγώ 1 Peter is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not be caused to stumble” +14:30 fyuv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σοι & σὺ 1 Because Jesus is speaking to Peter, the word **you** is singular throughout this verse. +14:30 z2q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σήμερον, ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ 1 Here, the word **today** refers to a period of 24 hours. In Jesus’ culture, people usually considered sunset to be the start of the next day. So, Jesus is indicating that Peter will deny him that night, before the sun rises. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different phrase that refers to this period of time. Alternate translation: “during this very night,” or “before the sun rises again,” +14:30 i4g3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι 1 A **rooster** is a large bird, a male chicken, which often calls out with a loud sound around the time the sun comes up. If your readers would not be familiar with this bird, you could use the name of a bird in your area that calls out or sings just before dawn, or you could use a general expression. See how you translated this word in [13:35](../13/35.md). Alternate translation: “a bird sings” +14:30 egi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ 1 Here Jesus implies that Peter **will deny** that he knows Jesus and is his disciple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you will deny three times that you know me” or “you will deny three times that you are my disciple” +14:31 s9dj ἐκπερισσῶς 1 Alternate translation: “insistently” or “forcefully” +14:31 dfpl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical ἐὰν δέῃ με συναποθανεῖν σοι 1 Peter is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that it might be **necessary** to **die with** Jesus. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “Even were it necessary for me to die with you” +14:31 w3bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐὰν δέῃ με συναποθανεῖν σοι 1 Here Peter means that if it were **necessary** for him **to die** if he remained faithful to Jesus, he would rather do that than **deny** him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Even if it were necessary for me, to keep from denying you, to die with you” or “Even if I would have to die with you if I stayed with you” +14:31 t33b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σοι & σε 1 Because Peter is speaking to Jesus, the word **you** throughout this verse is singular. +14:31 kk3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ μή σε ἀπαρνήσομαι 1 Here Peter implies that he **will certainly not deny** that he knows Jesus and is his disciple. See how you expressed the similar phrase in [14:30](../14/30.md). Alternate translation: “I will certainly not deny that I know you” or “I will certainly not deny that I am your disciple” +14:31 w9zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐ μή 1 The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means” +14:31 z9le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡσαύτως & καὶ πάντες ἔλεγον 1 The phrase **they all also were speaking in the same manner** means that all of the disciples were saying the same thing that Peter said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they all also were saying the same kind of thing” or “they all also were declaring that they would not deny Jesus” +14:32 ni66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχονται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “they go” +14:32 x67u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ, καθίσατε ὧδε, ἕως προσεύξωμαι 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “tells his disciples to sit there while he prayed” +14:33 i7a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive παραλαμβάνει τὸν Πέτρον, καὶ Ἰάκωβον, καὶ Ἰωάννην, μετ’ αὐτοῦ; καὶ ἤρξατο ἐκθαμβεῖσθαι καὶ ἀδημονεῖν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was something that Jesus was thinking about. Alternate translation: “he takes along Peter and James and John with him. And something began to distress and greatly trouble him” or “as he takes along Peter and James and John, what he was thinking began to distress and greatly trouble him”\n +14:33 o38r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἐκθαμβεῖσθαι καὶ ἀδημονεῖν 1 The terms **distressed** and **greatly troubled** mean similar things. Mark is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “to be extremely distressed” or “to be very troubled” +14:34 krj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was something that Jesus was thinking about. Alternate translation: “Something grieves my soul very much” or “What I am thinking grieves my soul very much” +14:34 eyw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου 1 Here, **soul** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “It is I who am” +14:34 ic1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ἕως θανάτου 1 Jesus is using the phrase **to death** to describe the extent of his grief. He uses this overstatement in order to show how very **grieved** he is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language that expresses great sorrow, or you could express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “so much so that I cannot stand it much longer” or “as if I were about to die” +14:35 fq5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go προελθὼν μικρὸν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come a little father” +14:35 i78e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἔπιπτεν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 1 In Mark’s culture, falling **to the ground** refers to kneeling down and putting one’s face close to the ground. This was a position used to show respect and reverence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression for a physical position used to show respect or worship, or you could express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “he bowed down” or “he lay down to show respect” +14:35 lsf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations προσηύχετο ἵνα, εἰ δυνατόν ἐστιν, παρέλθῃ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἡ ὥρα 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “was praying, ‘If it is possible, let the hour pass from me’” +14:35 gj74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom παρέλθῃ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἡ ὥρα 1 Here, when Jesus prays that he **the hour might pass from him**, he is praying that he would not experience **the hour**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the hour might not happen to him” or “he might not have to endure the hour” +14:35 wc6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ ὥρα 1 Here, **hour** represents events that will take place during a specific period of time, described generally as an **hour**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the coming events” or “the things that would happen soon” +14:36 k3ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Ἀββά, ὁ Πατήρ 1 Here Mark uses an Aramaic word for Father (**Abba**) and then the normal word for **Father** in his language. He could be: (1) including the word that Jesus used (**Abba**) and then translating it for his readers. If possible, simply include both words in your translation. If it is necessary, you could use a form that indicates that Mark is translating the word that Jesus used. Alternate translation: “Abba—that is, Father—” (2) indicating that Jesus used both of these words in his prayer. Alternate translation: “Abba, my Father” +14:36 c11w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Ἀββά 1 The word **Abba** is an Aramaic word meaning **Father**. Jewish people used this word to address their fathers. Mark has spelled it out using Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded. Since the Aramaic word **Abba** is followed by the Greek word **Father**, it is best to transliterate **Abba** and then give its meaning in your language as Mark does. +14:36 t9r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατήρ 1 **Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son. +14:36 heiq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σοι & παρένεγκε & σύ 1 Because Jesus is speaking to God the Father, the word **you** throughout this verse and the command **Remove** are singular. +14:36 s1r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative παρένεγκε 1 This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “I ask that you remove” +14:36 jk6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο 1 Jesus is referring to the sufferings he will soon experience as if they were a **cup** of bitter-tasting liquid that he would have to drink. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “this suffering that is like a cup full of poison” or “this suffering” +14:36 qeu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οὐ τί ἐγὼ θέλω, ἀλλὰ τί σύ 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “do not do what I will, but do what you will” +14:37 dina rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχεται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “he goes” +14:37 ja6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 The pronoun **them** refers to Peter, James, and John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “Peter, James, and John” +14:37 nwu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit λέγει τῷ Πέτρῳ 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus woke up **Peter** before speaking to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he wakes up Peter to say to him” +14:37 kp33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Σίμων, καθεύδεις? οὐκ ἴσχυσας μίαν ὥραν γρηγορῆσαι? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke Peter. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “Simon, I see that you were sleeping. You were not able to be alert for one hour.” or “Simon, you were sleeping! You surely should have been able to be alert for one hour!” +14:37 nhqh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular καθεύδεις? οὐκ ἴσχυσας 1 Because Jesus is speaking to Peter, the word **you** throughout this verse is singular. +14:38 k8gj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἵνα 1 Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) the purpose for which the disciples should **pray**. Alternate translation: “in order that” (2) what the disciples should **pray**. Alternate translation: “that” +14:38 qzqe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor μὴ ἔλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **temptation** were a location that someone could **enter into**. He is referring to experiencing **temptation**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you do not experience temptation” or “you are kept away from temptation” +14:38 hi36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μὴ ἔλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **temptation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you are not tempted”\n +14:38 zrp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής 1 The words **spirit** and **flesh** represent people’s spirits and flesh in general, not one particular spirit and flesh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “People’s spirits indeed are willing, but their flesh is weak” +14:38 c1je rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον 1 Here, **spirit** represents a person’s desires and will. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The will indeed wants to do it” or “Inside, you indeed are willing” +14:38 djxc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πρόθυμον 1 Here Jesus implies that **the spirit** is **willing** to do what is right, and more specifically what Jesus has asked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “is willing to do what is right” or “is willing to do what I ask”\n +14:38 b909 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ & σὰρξ ἀσθενής 1 Here, **flesh** represents a person’s body and actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the body is weak” or “when you act you are weak” +14:39 utqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀπελθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come away” +14:39 l9nj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον 1 Here, **word** represents what Jesus prayed using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the same things he had prayed the first time” or “the same prayer as earlier” +14:40 zkb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ πάλιν ἐλθὼν, εὗρεν αὐτοὺς καθεύδοντας, ἦσαν γὰρ αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ καταβαρυνόμενοι 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the third clause gives the reason for the result that the second clause describes. Alternate translation: “And since their eyes were weighed down, when he came again, he found them sleeping” +14:40 ybmy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” +14:40 bgyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 Here, the pronoun **them** refers to Peter, James, and John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “Peter, James, and John” +14:40 ht2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἦσαν & αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ καταβαρυνόμενοι 1 Here, the clause **their eyes were weighed down** indicates that the three disciples were very tired and sleepy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they were exhausted” or “they were very tired” +14:40 hayg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἦσαν & αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ καταβαρυνόμενοι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their eyes were heavy” or “sleepiness weighed their eyes down” +14:40 q1pq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐκ ᾔδεισαν τί ἀποκριθῶσιν αὐτῷ 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus woke the disciples up, and then **they did not know what they might answer him** when he spoke to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when he awakened them and spoke to them, they did not know what they might answer him” +14:41 wn89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ ἔρχεται τὸ τρίτον 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus went away and prayed and then returned to the disciples **the third time**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus again prayed some distance away, and then he comes the third time” +14:41 x7qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τὸ τρίτον 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “time number three” or “yet again” +14:41 jo0t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 Here, the pronoun **them** refers to Peter, James, and John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “to Peter, James, and John” +14:41 cgjm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καθεύδετε τὸ λοιπὸν καὶ ἀναπαύεσθε 1 This sentence could be: (1) a rhetorical question that Jesus uses to rebuke the disciples. In this case, Jesus is disappointed that the disciples continue to sleep. Alternate translation: “Do you continue to sleep and rest?” (2) a command to continue to sleep and rest. In this case, Jesus means that the time when they were supposed to be alert is over, and they might as well sleep and rest now. Alternate translation: “Go ahead and continue to sleep and rest!” or “You can continue to sleep and rest.” +14:41 lw7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion καθεύδετε τὸ λοιπὸν καὶ ἀναπαύεσθε 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke Peter, James, and John. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is sad that you are still sleeping and resting.” or “You should not still be sleeping and resting!” +14:41 ufrq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet καθεύδετε τὸ λοιπὸν καὶ ἀναπαύεσθε 1 The terms **sleeping** and **resting** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Are you still taking your rest” or “Are you still sleeping soundly” +14:41 wxmq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπέχει 1 Here Jesus implies that the disciples have slept **enough**, and they should wake up and be ready to act. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “It is enough sleep” +14:41 ae53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἡ ὥρα 1 Here, the word **hour** refers to a specific moment in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the moment” +14:41 m72l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ ὥρα 1 Here, Jesus implies that **the hour** is the time when he will suffer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the hour of my suffering” +14:41 msb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **Behold** draws the attention of the disciples and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **Behold** with a word or phrase that asks someone to listen, or you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention:” +14:41 h5u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person παραδίδοται ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, am handed over” +14:41 eg9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive παραδίδοται ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “someone hands the Son of Man over” +14:41 uyzf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense παραδίδοται 1 Here Jesus uses the present tense to describe a future event that he knows will surely happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense and indicate the certainty in another way. Alternate translation: “will certainly be handed over” +14:41 mcns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy εἰς τὰς χεῖρας 1 The term **hands** represents power and control. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how expressed the similar idea in [9:31](../09/31.md). Alternate translation: “into the power” or “into the control”\n +14:42 qmm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure ἐγείρεσθε, ἄγωμεν; ἰδοὺ, ὁ παραδιδούς με ἤγγικεν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences. Alternate translation: “Behold, the one handing me over has come near. Get up, let us go” +14:42 ruj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **Behold** draws the attention of the disciples and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **Behold** with a word or phrase that asks someone to listen, or you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention:” +14:43 ytk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ εὐθὺς 1 Here, the phrase **And immediately** introduces the next major event in the story. Mark implies that this event began soon after the event he just finished narrating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “Soon after that” +14:43 nz4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δώδεκα 1 See how you translated the phrase **the Twelve** in [3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “of the 12 apostles” or “of the 12 men whom Jesus had chosen to be apostles” +14:43 q47k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis μετ’ αὐτοῦ ὄχλος 1 Mark is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “a large crowd arrived with him” +14:43 fikk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ξύλων 1 A “club” is a hard piece of wood that a person uses to hit people. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of weapon, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “sticks for hitting people” +14:44 r9cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δεδώκει δὲ ὁ παραδιδοὺς αὐτὸν σύσσημον αὐτοῖς λέγων, ὃν ἂν φιλήσω, αὐτός ἐστιν; κρατήσατε αὐτὸν, καὶ ἀπάγετε ἀσφαλῶς 1 To help his readers understand what happens next, Mark provides this background information about how Judas had arranged his betrayal of Jesus with the Jewish leaders. Here Mark uses the word **Now** to introduce the background information which he gives in the rest of this verse. Use a natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Earlier, Judas, who was going to hand him over, had given them a signal. He had said, ‘Whomever I kiss is he. Seize him and lead him away securely’” +14:44 bzj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σύσσημον 1 Here Mark is referring to an action by which one person communicates to others. More specifically, Judas arranged with the crowd an action that would communicate to them which person was Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a signal to point out Jesus” or “a cue that would indicate whom to seize” +14:44 bgnj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations λέγων, ὃν ἂν φιλήσω, αὐτός ἐστιν; κρατήσατε αὐτὸν, καὶ ἀπάγετε ἀσφαλῶς 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “saying that whomever he kissed was he, and that they should seize him and lead him away securely” +14:44 bvwx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 If you keep the direct quotation, consider natural ways of introducing it in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said” +14:44 w9x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ὃν ἂν φιλήσω 1 In Jesus’ culture, close friends would greet each other with a kiss. In some cultures, a kiss as a greeting is appropriate, but in other cultures it is not appropriate. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain what the kiss means, or you could refer to how close friends would greet each other in your culture. Alternate translation: “Whomever I greet with a kiss” or “Whomever I hug” +14:44 lsh3 αὐτός 1 Alternate translation: “the one you are seeking” +14:44 p6n7 ἀσφαλῶς 1 Alternate translation: “under guard” +14:45 tpd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” +14:45 zno3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Ῥαββεί 1 Judas says **Rabbi** to greet Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Greetings, Rabbi” +14:45 mimr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction κατεφίλησεν αὐτόν 1 In Jesus’ culture, close friends would greet each other with a kiss. See how you expressed the idea in [14:44](../14/44.md). Alternate translation: “he greeted him with a kiss” or “he hugged him” +14:46 y5qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism οἱ & ἐπέβαλαν τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν καὶ ἐκράτησαν αὐτόν 1 The clauses **they laid their hands on {him}** and **seized him** mean similar things. Mark is using the two clauses together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single clause. Alternate translation: “they seized him” or “they took hold of him to arrest him” +14:46 gszh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐπέβαλαν τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν 1 Here, **they laid their hands on {him}** means that they grabbed and restrained Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they took hold of him” or “they grabbed him”\n +14:47 msfy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δέ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,” +14:47 m6b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants εἷς & τις τῶν παρεστηκότων 1 Mark uses this phrase to bring one of the characters in the story into the center of the action, but he does not identify the person by name. John indicates in his Gospel that it was Peter, but since Mark does not name him here, it would not be appropriate to use his name in your translation. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a certain man who was standing nearby came forward and” +14:48 gv6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀποκριθεὶς 1 Here, the word **answering** indicates that Jesus was responding to what had happened. He was not answering a question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in response to what had happened” +14:48 eq25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων συνλαβεῖν με? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the the people who were arresting him for how they were acting. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It was not necessary for you to come out as against a robber, bringing swords and clubs to seize me.” or “There was no reason for you to come out with swords and clubs to seize me, as if I were a robber!” +14:48 umtm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν 1 Jesus is saying that the crowds are acting like he is a dangerous **robber** because they have come to arrest him with many weapons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “As you arm yourselves to seize a robber,” or “As if I were a bandit who needed to be subdued with force” +14:48 djp0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξήλθατε 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “have you gone out” +14:48 gb9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ξύλων 1 See how you translated clubs in [14:43](../14/43.md). Alternate translation: “sticks for hitting people” +14:49 my05 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τῷ ἱερῷ 1 Here Mark means that Jesus was teaching in the **temple** area. He does not mean that Jesus was in the most sacred parts of the temple building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the temple courtyard” +14:49 t9d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ἵνα 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “But all these events have happened so that” or “But what you have done has happened so that” +14:49 t42y rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἵνα 1 Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) a result from what has happened. Alternate translation: “with the result that” (2) a purpose for what has happened. Alternate translation: “in order that” +14:49 d8wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πληρωθῶσιν αἱ Γραφαί 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it might fulfill the Scriptures” +14:50 gqz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἔφυγον πάντες 1 Mark is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all the disciples. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all of the disciples fled” +14:51 dd3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants νεανίσκος τις συνηκολούθει αὐτῷ, περιβεβλημένος σινδόνα ἐπὶ γυμνοῦ 1 Here Mark introduces **a certain young man** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a certain young man was there with Jesus. He was wearing a linen garment over his naked body” +14:51 y5yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σινδόνα 1 The term **linen** refers to a high quality cloth made from the fibers of the flax plant. If your readers would be unfamiliar with **linen**, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a garment made of fine cloth” +14:51 glq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπὶ γυμνοῦ 1 Here Mark implies that the young man was not wearing anything except for the **linen garment**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “and nothing else” +14:51 nag4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κρατοῦσιν αὐτόν 1 Here Mark implies that the men who arrested Jesus seized this young man by his **garment**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the men seize him by his garment” +14:52 c4vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καταλιπὼν τὴν σινδόνα 1 Here Mark implies that the young man, when the crowd seized his garment to arrest him, slipped out of it and left it behind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “letting go of his linen garment and leaving it behind” +14:52 s13h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὴν σινδόνα 1 See how you translated this phrase in [14:51](../14/51.md). Alternate translation: “the garment made of fine cloth” +14:53 bmrd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸν ἀρχιερέα 1 Here, **the high priest** represents the house where **the high priest** lived. This is clear from the next verse, which refers to “the courtyard of the high priest.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the house of the high priest” +14:54 bzg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces something that was happening at the same time as what Mark narrated in the previous verse (Jesus being led to the house of the high priest). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a simultaneous action, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile,” or “While that was happening,” +14:54 l5gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Πέτρος ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ, ἕως 1 Here Mark implies that **Peter** followed **from a distance** because he did not want anyone to see him and arrest him too. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Peter, because he did not want to be seen and arrested, was following him from a distance. He went as far as” +14:54 odms rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τῶν ὑπηρετῶν 1 Here, the word **officers** refers to servants and attendants in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that generally refers to servants and any others who do what they are told. Alternate translation: “the attendants” or “those who served there” +14:55 w23n rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” or “Next,” +14:55 wlp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐζήτουν κατὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ μαρτυρίαν 1 Here Mark means that the **chief priests** and the **Sanhedrin** were trying find evidence against Jesus. In other words, they needed to find people who were willing to say that Jesus had done something very wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “were seeking evidence against Jesus” or “were seeking proof that Jesus had done something wrong”\n +14:55 xp1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μαρτυρίαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimony**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “someone to testify” +14:55 yew5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὸ θανατῶσαι αὐτόν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “so that they could have him killed” +14:55 gpgj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ θανατῶσαι αὐτόν 1 Here Matthew implies that the chief priests and the Sanhedrin want to convince the Roman authorities to kill Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “have the Romans put him to death” +14:56 cz91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation about how the Sanhedrin could not find any testimony against Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “As a matter of fact,” +14:56 wwph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πολλοὶ 1 Mark is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many witnesses” or “many men” +14:56 az3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 1 Here, the word **and** introduces something that contrasts with how **many** people were **testifying falsely** against Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “yet” or “but” +14:56 quw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns αἱ μαρτυρίαι 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimonies**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the things they testified to” +14:56 pswb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἴσαι & οὐκ ἦσαν 1 Here Mark implies that, because what the people were testifying about was **not the same**, the Jewish leaders could use the testimony as evidence to convict Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “were not same, and so they could not convict Jesus” or “were not the same, so they could not be used to accuse Jesus” +14:57 ucdw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀναστάντες 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would stand up when they were about to give official testimony. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having presented themselves to the Sanhedrin” or “having stood up before the court” +14:57 vulz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” +14:58 nbvu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ὅτι ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν αὐτοῦ λέγοντος, ὅτι ἐγὼ καταλύσω τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, τὸν χειροποίητον, καὶ διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἄλλον ἀχειροποίητον οἰκοδομήσω 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “We heard him saying that he will destroy this temple made with hands and that in three days he will build another made without hands” 14:58 f82e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς 1 The pronoun **We** refers to the people who falsely testified against Jesus. It does not include the people to whom they are speaking. If your language requires you to mark such forms, **We** would be exclusive here. -14:58 e94y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τὸν χειροποίητον & ἀχειροποίητον 1 Here, Jesus uses the word **hands** to mean “men”. Jesus uses one part of a person to refer to the entire person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “made by men … made without man’s help” or “built by men … which will be built without man’s help” -14:58 hm5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἄλλον 1 By saying **another**, Jesus is leaving out a word that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply the word “temple” from the context, as modeled by the UST. -14:58 v4ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ἄλλον ἀχειροποίητον οἰκοδομήσω 1 By saying **another made without hands**, Jesus is referring to his body which God would bring back to life after **three days**. Because this is a direct quote of something that Jesus said, you should keep this information implicit in your translation. -14:59 atbz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ μαρτυρία 1 See how you translated the word **testimony** in [14:55](../14/55.md). -14:60 d7i8 οὗτοί & καταμαρτυροῦσιν 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nSee how you translated the word **testifying** in [14:56](../14/56.md). -14:61 p8b5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ὁ & ἐσιώπα, καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκρίνατο οὐδέν 1 The phrases **he was silent** and the phrase **did not answer** mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that Jesus did not respond to any of the false accusations that were being made against him. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you can use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “he did not reply to anything that was said against him at all!” or “Jesus did not reply to a single thing that was said against him!” -14:61 o27t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Εὐλογητοῦ 1 Here, the title **the Blessed One** is a way of referring to God, so when the **high priest** asks Jesus if he is **the Son of the Blessed One**, he is asking Jesus if he is “the Son of God.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly, as modeled by the UST. -14:62 c212 τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 See how you translated the title **the Son of Man** in [2:10](../02/10.md). -14:62 yhhk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 By calling himself **the Son of Man**, Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you can use the first person, as modeled by the UST. -14:62 d5qm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἐκ δεξιῶν καθήμενον τῆς δυνάμεως 1 To sit **at the right hand** of God is a symbolic act of receiving great honor and authority from God. If there is a gesture with a similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation, or you could use plain language to express what **sitting at the right hand** of someone meant in Jesus’ culture. Alternate translation: “sitting in a place of honor beside the all-powerful God” or “sitting in a place of honor next to the all-powerful God” -14:62 e1xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ δεξιῶν καθήμενον τῆς δυνάμεως 1 By using the phrase **of power**, Jesus is referring to God by association with his **power**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture that expresses power, or you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “sitting at the right hand of God” or “sitting at the right hand of God who is powerful” -14:63 jz48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction διαρρήξας τοὺς χιτῶνας αὐτοῦ 1 In Jesus’ culture the act of tearing one’s clothing was a symbolic act done to show outrage or grief. If there is a gesture with a similar meaning in your culture, you could use it here in your translation, or you could use plain language to express what tearing one’s clothes meant in Jesus’ culture. Alternate translation: “having torn his tunics in outrage” -14:63 afd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν μαρτύρων? 1 By saying **Why do we still have need of witnesses?**, the high priest is not asking for information but is using the question form here for emphasis. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “We certainly do not need any more people who will testify against this man!” -14:64 zwf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἠκούσατε τῆς βλασφημίας 1 This refers to what Jesus had said, which the high priest labelled as blasphemy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “You have heard the blasphemy he has spoken” -14:64 fu4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἔνοχον εἶναι θανάτου 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and said he deserved to be executed” -14:65 y1s4 ἤρξαντό τινες 1 Alternate translation: “some of those present” or “some of the people there” -14:65 d56t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown περικαλύπτειν αὐτοῦ τὸ πρόσωπον 1 To **blindfold** someone means to tie a thick cloth around the middle of a person’s head to cover the eyes and prevent that person from seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain it with a general expression. Alternate translation: “to cover his eyes so that he could not see” -14:65 gvq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προφήτευσον 1 The implication is that God would have to tell Jesus who struck him, since Jesus had his eyes covered and could not see who was striking him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Prophesy and tell us who hit you” or “Speak words from God and tell us who hit you” -14:65 dg7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony προφήτευσον 1 The guards did not believe that Jesus was a real prophet and could **Prophesy**. When they demanded that Jesus should **Prophesy**, they were challenging him to do something they believed he could not do. They were only asking Jesus to **Prophesy** in order to mock him. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Prove that you really are a prophet and prophesy” or “Prophesy, if you really are a prophet” or “Prophesy and tell us who hit you, if you really are a prophet” -14:68 l5i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism οὔτε οἶδα, οὔτε ἐπίσταμαι σὺ τί λέγεις 1 The phrase **Neither have I known** and the phrase **nor do I understand what you are saying** mean basically the same thing. Peter is using the repetition for emphasis. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you can use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I surely do not know what you are talking about” or “I have no idea what you are talking about” or “I know nothing about this man from Nazareth whom you are speaking about” -14:69 v5kr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 The pronoun **them** refers to Jesus and his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples” -14:70 qjgs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἐξ αὐτῶν 1 See how you translated the phrase **from among them** in the previous verse. -14:71 ce6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀναθεματίζειν 1 Here, the phrase **to curse** means “to invoke a curse from God upon oneself.” Here, Peter is invoking God’s curse upon himself if what he is saying is not true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to invoke God’s curse upon himself if what he was saying was not true” or “to ask God to curse him if what he was saying was false” or “to invoke God’s destruction upon himself if what he was saying was false” -14:71 vihe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὀμνύειν, ὅτι οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον, ὃν λέγετε 1 Here, the phrase **to swear** means “to subject oneself to an oath” or “to put oneself under an oath.” Here, Peter is invoking God’s curse upon himself if what he is saying is not true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to swear by saying, ‘God is my witness that I do not know the man whom you are talking about’” or “to promise by making an oath and saying, ‘God is my witness that I do not know the man whom you are talking about’” -14:72 i7u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν & ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [13:35](../13/35.md). -14:72 ja3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ἐκ δευτέρου 1 The word **second** is an ordinal number. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can translate the phrase **a second time** in a way that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “once more” -14:72 cfno rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ῥῆμα 1 Mark is using the term **word** to describe what Jesus had said using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “statement” -14:72 trxc τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ 1 Alternate translation: “you will say three times that you do not know me” -14:72 zr4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐπιβαλὼν, ἔκλαιεν 1 The Greek phrase which the ULT translates as **having broken down** could (1) be an idiom which means that Peter became overwhelmed with grief and lost control of his emotions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom from your culture or use plain language. Alternate translation: “having become overwhelmed with grief” or “having lost control of his emotions” (2) also be translated as “having thought of it” or “having reflected on it.” Alternate translation: “having thought of it, he was weeping” or “having reflected on it, he was weeping” or “having thought about what he had just done, he was weeping” (3) also be translated as “he began.” Alternate translation: “he began weeping” or “he started crying” +14:58 e94y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τὸν χειροποίητον & ἀχειροποίητον 1 Here, the word **hands** refers to main part of the body that people use to make things. So the phrase refers to the whole person who makes things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “made by humans … made without humans” or “made by people … made without people” +14:58 wzag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸν χειροποίητον & ἀχειροποίητον 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that hands made … that hands did not make” +14:58 b49a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν 1 Here, the phrase **in three days** refers to a time period made up of three days. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “during a period of three days” +14:58 hm5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἄλλον 1 The witnesses are using the adjective **another** as a noun to mean another temple. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a different temple” +14:58 qqfd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀχειροποίητον 1 Here, the phrase **made without hands** implies that God, not humans, will make this temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “made by God, not by human hands” +14:59 pbj6 καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτως 1 Alternate translation: “Yet not even in this case” +14:59 atbz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ μαρτυρία αὐτῶν 1 See how you translated the word **testimony** in [14:55](../14/55.md). Alternate translation: “what they testified to” +14:59 c0g3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἴση 1 Here, just as in [14:56](../14/56.md), Mark implies that, because what the people were testifying about was not the same, the Jewish leaders could use the testimony as evidence to convict Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the same, and so they could not convict Jesus” or “the same, so it could not be used to accuse Jesus” +14:60 d7i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀναστὰς & εἰς μέσον 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would stand up when they were about to make an official statement. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having stood up in the midst of the Sanhedrin to say something” or “having stood up in the midst of the court” +14:60 pgaq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said” +14:60 utl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν? τί οὗτοί σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν? 1 Here the high priest could be asking: (1) two questions. See the ULT and UST. (2) one question. Alternate translation: “Do you not answer anything to what these are testifying against you” +14:60 rlee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν 1 The words translated **not** and **anything** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “Do you answer nothing” +14:60 a359 οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν 1 Alternate translation: “Do you have no answer” +14:60 ot8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ & σου 1 Because the high priest is speaking to Peter, the word **you** throughout this verse is singular. +14:60 ztt0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τί οὗτοί σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν 1 Here the high priest is asking Jesus how he will defend himself against the people who have accused him of saying and doing wrong things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “What is your defense against these testifying against you” +14:61 p8b5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ὁ & ἐσιώπα, καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκρίνατο οὐδέν 1 The phrases **was silent** and **did not answer anything** mean similar things. Mark is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “he did not reply to anything that was said against him!” or “he remained completely silent” +14:61 ypcx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἀπεκρίνατο οὐδέν 1 The words translated **not** and **anything** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. See how you expressed the similar form in [14:60](../14/60.md). Alternate translation: “answered nothing” +14:61 t77i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σὺ 1 Because the high priest is speaking to Jesus, the word **you** is singular. +14:61 o27t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Εὐλογητοῦ 1 Here, the title **the Blessed One** is a polite way of referring to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that **the Blessed One** is God. Alternate translation: “the Son of the Blessed God” or “the Son of God, the Blessed One” +14:61 pib6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς 1 The word **Son** is an important title for Jesus, the **Son** of God. +14:61 c17d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τοῦ Εὐλογητοῦ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, the high priest implies that he and other Jews do it. Alternate translation: “of the One whom we bless” +14:62 c212 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἐγώ εἰμι 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I am that person” or “I am the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One” +14:62 yhhk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “me, who am the Son of Man,” +14:62 d5qm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἐκ δεξιῶν καθήμενον 1 When someone sits at the right hand, it symbolizes that person’s honor, authority, and ability to rule. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “sitting to rule at the right hand” or “taking the place of honor and authority at the right hand” +14:62 a2il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ δεξιῶν & τῆς δυνάμεως 1 Here, the phrase **at the right hand** refers to the place next to a person’s right hand, which would be the “right side.” In the Jesus’ culture, this side was associated with honor or authority. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the “right side.” Make sure that your readers understand that this side indicates that Jesus has honor and authority when he sits there. Alternate translation: “at the right side of power” or “at the honorable place of power” +14:62 e1xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκ δεξιῶν & τῆς δυνάμεως 1 Here, the word **power** could refer to: (1) the **power** that a person sitting **at the right hand** has. In this case, Jesus implies that the **right hand** is God’s. Alternate translation: “at the right hand with power” or “at the right hand of God, the place of power,” (2) God the Father by reference to the **power** that he has. Alternate translation: “at the right hand of the powerful God” or “at the right hand of the Almighty” +14:62 iiog rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐκ δεξιῶν & τῆς δυνάμεως 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of power, and if you do not translate the word as a title for God, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “at the right hand, which is a powerful place,” or “powerfully at the right hand” +14:62 ca5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ἐρχόμενον 1 Christians debate exactly what it means in this verse for the Son of Man to be **coming**. Some think he is **coming** to God’s heavenly throne room. Others think he is **coming** back to earth. If possible, use a form that does not explicitly state where he is **coming**. Alternate translation: “traveling” or “going” +14:62 usr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 The expression **of heaven** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “the clouds” +14:63 f851 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +14:63 jz48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction διαρρήξας τοὺς χιτῶνας αὐτοῦ 1 In Jesus’ culture the act of tearing one’s clothing was a symbolic act done to show outrage or grief. If there is a gesture with a similar meaning in your culture, you could use it here in your translation, or you could explain what this action means. Alternate translation: “having torn his tunics in outrage” +14:63 afd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν μαρτύρων? 1 The high priest is using the question form to emphatically state that he thinks that they do not need more witnesses. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “We do not still have need of witnesses.” or “We certainly do not still have need of witnesses!” +14:63 n7xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μαρτύρων 1 Here the high priest implies that they do not need more **witnesses** to prove that Jesus had done something wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of witnesses to prove that he is guilty” +14:64 zwf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς βλασφημίας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **blasphemy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “him blaspheme” or “the blasphemous things he says” +14:64 zc7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τί ὑμῖν φαίνεται 1 Here the high priest is asking the rest of the Jewish council to state whether they think Jesus is guilty or innocent and what they should do with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “What is your verdict” or “What do you think we should do” +14:64 fu4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἔνοχον εἶναι θανάτου 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as someone who deserved to die” +14:65 y1s4 τινες 1 Alternate translation: “some of those present” or “some of the people there” +14:65 se1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἐμπτύειν αὐτῷ 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would **spit on** someone to insult that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain what this action means. Alternate translation: “to spit on him, dishonoring him,” +14:65 d56t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown περικαλύπτειν αὐτοῦ τὸ πρόσωπον 1 To **blindfold** someone means to tie a thick cloth around the middle of a person’s head to cover the eyes and prevent that person from seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “to cover his face so that he could not see” +14:65 dg7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony προφήτευσον 1 The guards did not believe that Jesus was a real prophet and could **Prophesy**. When they demanded that Jesus should **Prophesy**, they were challenging him to do something they believed he could not do. They were only asking Jesus to **Prophesy** in order to mock him. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Show us that you can prophesy” or “Prophesy to us if you really can” +14:65 gvq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προφήτευσον 1 Here the people telling Jesus to **Prophesy** are implying that they want him to identify who it was who had just hit him. Since he was blindfolded, this would be prophesying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Prophesy! Tell us who hit you.” or “Declare who struck you!” +14:65 svkg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular προφήτευσον 1 Because these people are speaking to Jesus, the command **Prophesy** is singular. +14:65 vwyz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown οἱ ὑπηρέται 1 Here, the word **officers** refers to servants and attendants in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that generally refers to servants and any others who do what they are told. See how you translated this word in [14:54](../14/54.md). Alternate translation: “the attendants” or “those who served there” +14:65 q6qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αὐτὸν ἔλαβον 1 Here Mark implies that the **officers** took charge of Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “took charge of him” or “took him away” +14:66 rlmb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces something that was happening at the same time as what Mark narrated in [14:55–65](../14/55.md) (Jesus’ trial). This story continues the narrative about Peter that Mark began in [14:54](../14/54.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a simultaneous event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “During those events,” or “While that was happening,” +14:66 bqyz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κάτω ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ 1 Here Mark implies that the room where the Sanhedrin was meeting was above the ground. The room could have been raised slightly above the ground above another room. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in the courtyard below the room where Jesus was” or “in the courtyard, which was lower than the house” +14:66 crfm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχεται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “goes” +14:67 rtos rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit θερμαινόμενον 1 Here Mark implies that Peter was still **warming himself** by the fire in the courtyard of the high priest’s house (see [14:54](../14/54.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “warming himself by the fire” +14:67 eiqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ σὺ μετὰ τοῦ Ναζαρηνοῦ ἦσθα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here the servant girl means that Peter was a disciple of Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “You also were a disciple of the Nazarene, Jesus” +14:67 mzhr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σὺ 1 Because the servant girl is speaking to Peter, the word **You** is singular. +14:68 es9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ & ἠρνήσατο 1 Here Mark implies that Peter **denied** that he was with Jesus as his disciple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he denied that he was with Jesus” +14:68 bkdw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he declared” +14:68 y3ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οὔτε οἶδα, οὔτε ἐπίσταμαι σὺ τί λέγεις 1 Here Peter means that servant girl’s words do not apply to him. He does not mean that he was unable to know or **understand** what the servant girl said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “You are saying things that I neither know nor understand anything about” or “I have nothing to do with what you are talking about!” +14:68 l5i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet οὔτε οἶδα, οὔτε ἐπίσταμαι σὺ τί λέγεις 1 The phrase **Neither have I known** and the phrase **nor do I understand** mean basically the same thing. Peter is using the repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “I surely do not know what you are saying” or “I have no idea what you are talking about” +14:68 yxsk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σὺ 1 Because Peter is speaking to the servant girl, the word **you** is singular. +14:68 q6m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξῆλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he came out” +14:68 r148 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸ προαύλιον 1 A **forecourt** is an open area that leads into another open area (the “court”), which is more closely connected to the house. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of open area, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the outer court” or “the open area further away from the house” +14:68 liv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants τὸ προαύλιον 1 Many ancient manuscripts do not include any more words in this verse after the phrase **the forecourt**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts include the words “and a rooster crowed” after **the forecourt**. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. +14:69 bnzo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations τοῖς παρεστῶσιν, ὅτι οὗτος ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐστιν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “to the ones standing around that he was from them.” +14:69 xv3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐστιν 1 Here the servant girl means that Peter was one of the people who traveled with Jesus and were part of his group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is one of them” or “is a follower of Jesus” +14:69 v5kr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 The pronoun **them** refers to Jesus and his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples” +14:70 jrw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πάλιν ἠρνεῖτο 1 Here Mark implies that Peter **was denying** that he was with Jesus as his disciple. See how you expressed the similar idea in [14:68](../14/68.md). Alternate translation: “was denying again that he was with Jesus” +14:70 kxvw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἀληθῶς ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ, καὶ γὰρ Γαλιλαῖος εἶ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “You also are a Galilean, so truly you are from them” +14:70 blut rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ 1 Here the people mean that Peter was one of the people who traveled with Jesus and were part of his group. See how you expressed the similar phrase in [14:69](../14/69.md). Alternate translation: “you are one of them” or “you are a follower of Jesus” +14:70 x04u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular εἶ -1 Because these people are speaking to Peter, the word **you** throughout this verse is singular. +14:70 qjgs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom αὐτῶν 1 The pronoun **them** refers to Jesus and his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples” +14:70 pjm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ γὰρ Γαλιλαῖος εἶ 1 Here the people **standing around** imply that, since Peter was **a Galilean**, he must have been with Jesus, who also was a Galilean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “for you, like Jesus, are a Galilean” or “for Jesus is a Galilean, and you are one also” +14:71 zsq0 ὁ & ἤρξατο ἀναθεματίζειν καὶ ὀμνύειν, ὅτι οὐκ οἶδα 1 Alternate translation: “he began to say, ‘I call a curse down on myself and swear that I do not know” +14:71 ce6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀναθεματίζειν 1 Here, the phrase **to curse** could mean that: (1) Peter asks God to curse him if he is lying. Alternate translation: “to ask God to curse him if he was speaking falsely” or “to invoke a curse on himself” (2) Peter curses Jesus. Alternate translation: “to curse Jesus” +14:71 vihe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ὀμνύειν, ὅτι οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον, ὃν λέγετε 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “to swear that he did not know the man whom they were talking about” +14:72 i7u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν 1 See how you translated **rooster** and “crow” in [13:30](../13/30.md). Alternate translation: “a bird sang”\n +14:72 ja3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ἐκ δευτέρου 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “time number two” +14:72 cfno rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ῥῆμα 1 Here, **word** represents what Jesus just said using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “statement” or “words” +14:72 xb2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations εἶπεν αὐτῷ & ὅτι πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι δὶς, τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ; καὶ 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “said to him, that before a rooster crowed twice, he would deny him three times, and” +14:72 trxc πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι δὶς, τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ 1 This clause is basically identical to what Jesus said in [14:30](../14/30.md), so express the idea as you did there. +14:72 ocer rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἀπαρνήσῃ 1 Because Jesus spoke these words to Peter, the word **you** is singular. +14:72 zr4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐπιβαλὼν, ἔκλαιεν 1 The word translated as **having broken down** could indicate that: (1) Peter became overwhelmed with grief and lost control of his emotions. Alternate translation: “having become overwhelmed with grief, he was weeping” or “having lost control of his emotions, he was weeping” (2) Peter was thinking about what had happened. Alternate translation: “having reflected on what had happened, he was weeping” or “having thought about what he had just done, he was weeping” (3) Peter fell down on the ground because of how upset he was. Alternate translation: “having cast himself on the ground, he was weeping” or “having fallen down, he was weeping” (4) Peter began to weep. Alternate translation: “he began weeping” 15:intro d823 0 # Mark 15 General Notes\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### “The curtain of the temple was split in two”\n\nThe curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly, because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus’ people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins.\n\n### The tomb\n\nThe tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Mark 15:46](../mrk/15/46.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Sarcasm\n\nThe soldiers were insulting Jesus when they put a “purple robe” on him and placed a “crown of thorns” on his head (See Mark 15:17) and said, “Hail, King of the Jews” (See Mark 15:18) and bent their knees and bowed down to him (See Mark 15:19). These actions were symbolic of things that people would do to a king, but the soldiers did not really believe that Jesus was a king. By pretending that they thought Jesus was a king, and by putting a “crown of thorns” on Jesus’ head instead of a regular crown, and by “striking his head with a staff and spitting on him” (See Mark 15:19) the soldiers showed that they did not believe that Jesus was the Son of God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/mock]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 2, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, and 27. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense]])\n\n### Golgotha\n\nThe word “Golgotha” is an Aramaic word. Mark used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic word so that his readers would know how it sounded, and then he told them it meant “Place of a Skull.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n### Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?\n\nThis is an Aramaic phrase. Mark transliterates the sounds of this phrase by writing them with Greek letters. Mark used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic phrase so that his readers would know how it sounded, and then he told them that it meant “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) 15:1 xz7c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δήσαντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἀπήνεγκαν 1 The Jewish religious leaders commanded that Jesus should be **bound** but did not bind him themselves. It would have been the guards who actually bound Jesus and **led {him} away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this in your translation, as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “commanded the guards to bind Jesus and then the guards bound him and led him away” 15:1 v2yf παρέδωκαν Πειλάτῳ 1 Alternate translation: “delivered him over to Pilate” or “transferred control of Jesus to Pilate”