Fixed format of Mark

en_tn_42-MRK.tsv

@@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ MRK	14	47	m6b9		τῶν	1	of those standing by	Alternate translation: “of the
 MRK	14	48	gv6e		ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς	1	answering, Jesus said to them	Alternate translation: “Jesus said to the crowd”
 MRK	14	48	eq25	figs-rquestion	ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων συνλαβεῖν με?	1	Did you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to seize me?	Jesus is not asking for information, but is using the question form here as an emphatic way to rebuke the crowd. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “It is ridiculous that you come here to seize me with swords and clubs, as if I were a robber!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 MRK	14	48	djp0	figs-go	ἐξήλθατε	1		Your language may say “go” rather than **come** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “Did you go out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
-MRK	14	49	my05	figs-synecdoche		1		Only priests were allowed to enter the temple building, so by saying **the temple** Jesus means the temple courtyard. He is using the word for the entire building to refer to one part of it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use plain language as modeled by the UST.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+MRK	14	49	my05	figs-synecdoche		1		Only priests were allowed to enter the temple building, so by saying **the temple** Jesus means the temple courtyard. He is using the word for the entire building to refer to one part of it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use plain language as modeled by the UST.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 MRK	14	49	t9d8	figs-ellipsis	ἀλλ’ ἵνα πληρωθῶσιν αἱ Γραφαί	1		Jesus’ words **But so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled** could: (1) be an ellipsis. If this is the case then Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words. Matthew, in his parallel account in [Matt 26:56](../mat/26/56.md), supplies the words “all this has happened” between the words **But** and **so that**, so if this is an ellipsis these are the words that should be supplied. Alternate translation: “But all this has happened so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled” or “But, so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled, all this has happened ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) (2) instead be translated with an imperatival meaning as “But let the Scriptures be fulfilled.” Alternate translation: “But let the Scriptures be fulfilled”
 MRK	14	49	d8wh	figs-activepassive	πληρωθῶσιν αἱ Γραφαί	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Jesus implies that both God and sinful humans are acting to fulfill Scripture. God is intentionally acting to fulfill Scripture by leading Jesus to be willing to die and not flee from those trying to kill him and sinful humans are also acting to fulfill Scripture even though they do not know that they are fulfilling what God had predicted in the Old Testament would happen to the Messiah. Because of this, if you must state who did the action, it would be best to translate this in a way that includes both or allows for both. Alternate translation: “God might fulfill through the acts of sinful men what has been predicted in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 MRK	14	50	pk0i	writing-pronouns	αὐτὸν	1		The pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If it would help your readers you can indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@@ -1387,12 +1387,12 @@ MRK	14	51	nag4		κρατοῦσιν αὐτόν	1	they seize him	Alternate trans
 MRK	14	53	ze1s	figs-explicit	ἀπήγαγον	1		If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state more explicitly what the phrase “they led Jesus away” means. Alternate translation: “they led Jesus away from the place where they had arrested him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 MRK	14	54	bzg7	writing-background	καὶ ὁ Πέτρος ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ	1	Now	Mark provides this background information to help readers understand what happens next in the story. Alternate translation: “Now Peter followed Jesus, staying some distance away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 MRK	14	54	l5gl	figs-explicit	ὁ Πέτρος ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ, ἕως	1	as far as into the courtyard of the high priest	If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state explicitly why Peter **followed** Jesus **from a distance**. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Peter followed Jesus, staying some distance away so that he would not be recognized and arrested himself. He followed as far as …” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-MRK	14	55	w23n	grammar-connect-words-phrases	οἱ δὲ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ ὅλον τὸ Συνέδριον	1	Now	The word **Now** indicates that Mark is transitioning subjects and is now making **the chief priest** and the **Sanhedrin** the subject of the story instead of Peter. Use a natural way in your language for indicating this change in subjects. Alternate translation: “Now the men who were the chief priests and the entire Sanhedrin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])\n
+MRK	14	55	w23n	grammar-connect-words-phrases	οἱ δὲ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ ὅλον τὸ Συνέδριον	1	Now	The word **Now** indicates that Mark is transitioning subjects and is now making **the chief priest** and the **Sanhedrin** the subject of the story instead of Peter. Use a natural way in your language for indicating this change in subjects. Alternate translation: “Now the men who were the chief priests and the entire Sanhedrin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 MRK	14	55	wlp4	figs-explicit	ἐζήτουν κατὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ μαρτυρίαν, εἰς τὸ θανατῶσαι αὐτόν	1		The phrase **seeking testimony against** means that the chief priests and the Sanhedrin was seeking evidence against Jesus that they could bring to the Roman authorities and use it to accuse Jesus with. This was not an official trial. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “were looking for evidence against Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 MRK	14	55	xp1q	figs-abstractnouns	μαρτυρίαν	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimony**, you could express the idea behind this word by using a verbal phrase, as modeled by the UST, or by expressing the idea in some other way that is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-MRK	14	55	yew5	figs-abstractnouns	εἰς τὸ θανατῶσαι αὐτόν 	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the idea behind this word by using a verb form such as “kill” or by expressing it some other way. Alternate translation: “so that they could have him killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+MRK	14	55	yew5	figs-abstractnouns	εἰς τὸ θανατῶσαι αὐτόν	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the idea behind this word by using a verb form such as “kill” or by expressing it some other way. Alternate translation: “so that they could have him killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 MRK	14	56	jpc7		ἴσαι αἱ μαρτυρίαι οὐκ ἦσαν	1	their testimony was not the same	This can be written in positive form. “but their testimony contradicted each other”
-MRK	14	56	quw1	figs-abstractnouns	καὶ ἴσαι αἱ μαρτυρίαι οὐκ ἦσαν	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimony**, you could express the idea behind this word by using a verbal phrase, as modeled by the UST, or by expressing the idea in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but what they said against Jesus was not the same” or “but when they testified against Jesus they contradicted each other” or “but when they testified against Jesus they were not consistent with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 
+MRK	14	56	quw1	figs-abstractnouns	καὶ ἴσαι αἱ μαρτυρίαι οὐκ ἦσαν	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimony**, you could express the idea behind this word by using a verbal phrase, as modeled by the UST, or by expressing the idea in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but what they said against Jesus was not the same” or “but when they testified against Jesus they contradicted each other” or “but when they testified against Jesus they were not consistent with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 MRK	14	57	vulz			1		See how you translated the word “testifying” in [14:56](../14/56.md).
 MRK	14	58	nbvu	figs-quotesinquotes	ὅτι ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν αὐτοῦ λέγοντος, ὅτι ἐγὼ καταλύσω τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, τὸν χειροποίητον, καὶ διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἄλλον ἀχειροποίητον οἰκοδομήσω	1		If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We heard him saying that he will destroy this temple made with hands, and in three days will build another made without hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
 MRK	14	58	f82e	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	We heard him saying	The pronoun **We** refers to the people who falsely testified against Jesus and does not include the people to whom they are speaking. If your language requires you to mark such forms **We** would be exclusive here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
@@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@ MRK	14	60	d7i8		καταμαρτυροῦσιν	1	Connecting Statement:	See how
 MRK	14	61	pwtw	figs-nominaladj	ὁ…ἐσιώπα, καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκρίνατο	1		If this double negative would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate it as a single negative statement with only one negative since **silent** and **did not answer** both mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “every word will be possible for God” or “God is able to do anything that he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 MRK	14	61	p8b5	figs-doublet	ὁ…ἐσιώπα, καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκρίνατο οὐδέν	1		The phrases **he was silent** and the phrase **did not answer** mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that Jesus did not respond to any of the false accusations that were being made against him. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “he did not reply to anything that was said against him at all” or “Jesus did not reply to a single thing that was said against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 MRK	14	61	o27t		ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Εὐλογητοῦ	1	the Son of the Blessed One	Here, the title **the Blessed One** is a way of referring to God so when the **high priest** asks Jesus if he is **the Son of the Blessed One** he is asking Jesus if he is “the Son of God.”
-MRK	14	62	c212		τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1		See how you translated the title **the Son of Man** in [2:10](../02/10.md). 
+MRK	14	62	c212		τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1		See how you translated the title **the Son of Man** in [2:10](../02/10.md).
 MRK	14	62	yhhk	figs-123person	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1		By calling himself **the Son of Man** Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If this is confusing in your language, you can use the first person as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 MRK	14	62	d5qm	translate-symaction	ἐκ δεξιῶν καθήμενον τῆς δυνάμεως	1	sitting at the right hand of power	To sit **at the right hand** of God is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. If there is a gesture with a similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation or you could use plain language to express what **sitting at the right hand** of someone meant in Jesus’ culture. Alternate translation: “sitting in a place of honor beside the all-powerful God” or “sitting in a place of honor next to the all-powerful God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 MRK	14	62	e1xd	figs-metonymy	ἐκ δεξιῶν καθήμενον τῆς δυνάμεως	1	sitting at the right hand of power	By using the phrase **of power** Jesus is figuratively referring to God by association with his **power**. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture that expresses power or you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “sitting at the right hand of God” or “sitting at the right hand of God who is powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ MRK	14	72	ja3e	translate-ordinal	ἐκ δευτέρου	1	a second time	The word
 MRK	14	72	cfno	figs-metonymy	ῥῆμα	1		Mark is using the term **word** figuratively to describe what Jesus had said using words. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “statement Jesus had made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 MRK	14	72	trxc		τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ	1		Alternate translation: “you will say three times that you do not know me”
 MRK	14	72	zr4p	figs-idiom	ἐπιβαλὼν, ἔκλαιεν	1	having broken down	The Greek phrase which the ULT translates as **having broken down** could (1) be an idiom idiom which means that Peter became overwhelmed with grief and lost control of his emotions. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom from your culture or use plain language. Alternate translation: “having become overwhelmed with grief” or “having lost control of his emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) (2) also be translated as “having thought of it” or “having reflected on it.” Alternate translation: “having thought of it, he was weeping” or “having reflected on it, he was weeping” or “having thought about what he had just done, he was weeping” (3) also be translated as “he began” Alternate translation: “he began weeping” or “he started crying”
-MRK	15	intro	d823			0		# Mark 15 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “The curtain of the temple was split in two”\n\nThe curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus’ people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins.\n\n### The tomb\n\nThe tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Mark 15:46](../mrk/15/46.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Sarcasm\n\nThe soldiers were insulting Jesus when they put a “purple robe” on him and placed a “crown of thorns” on his head (See Mark 15:17) and said, “Hail, King of the Jews” (See Mark 15:18) and bent their knees and bowed down to him (See Mark 15:19) because these actions were symbolic of things that people would do to a king but they did not really believe that Jesus was a king. By pretending that they thought Jesus was a king, and by putting a “crown of thorns” on Jesus’ head instead of a regular crown, and by “striking his head with a staff and spitting on him” (See Mark 15:19) the soldiers showed that they did not believe that Jesus was the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/mock]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n\n### Golgotha\n\nThe word “Golgotha” is an Aramaic word. Mark used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic word so that his readers would know how it sounded and then he told them it meant “Place of a Skull.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n\n### Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?\n\nThis is an Aramaic phrase. Mark transliterates the sounds of this phrase by writing them using Greek letters. Mark used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic phrase so that his readers would know how it sounded and then he told them that it meant “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
+MRK	15	intro	d823			0		# Mark 15 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “The curtain of the temple was split in two”<br><br>The curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus’ people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins.<br><br>### The tomb<br><br>The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Mark 15:46](../mrk/15/46.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Sarcasm<br><br>The soldiers were insulting Jesus when they put a “purple robe” on him and placed a “crown of thorns” on his head (See Mark 15:17) and said, “Hail, King of the Jews” (See Mark 15:18) and bent their knees and bowed down to him (See Mark 15:19) because these actions were symbolic of things that people would do to a king but they did not really believe that Jesus was a king. By pretending that they thought Jesus was a king, and by putting a “crown of thorns” on Jesus’ head instead of a regular crown, and by “striking his head with a staff and spitting on him” (See Mark 15:19) the soldiers showed that they did not believe that Jesus was the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/mock]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br><br>### Golgotha<br><br>The word “Golgotha” is an Aramaic word. Mark used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic word so that his readers would know how it sounded and then he told them it meant “Place of a Skull.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br><br><br>### Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?<br><br>This is an Aramaic phrase. Mark transliterates the sounds of this phrase by writing them using Greek letters. Mark used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic phrase so that his readers would know how it sounded and then he told them that it meant “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
 MRK	15	1	xz7c	figs-explicit	δήσαντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἀπήνεγκαν	1	having bound Jesus, led him away	The Jewish religious leaders commanded for Jesus to be **bound** but did not bind him themselves. It would have been the guards who actually bound Jesus and **led him away**. If it would help your readers you could indicate this in your translation as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “commanded the guards to bind Jesus and then the guards bound him and led him away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 MRK	15	1	v2yf		παρέδωκαν Πειλάτῳ	1	handed him over to Pilate	Alternate translation: “delivered him over to Pilate” or “transferred control of Jesus to Pilate”
 MRK	15	2	kn7i	figs-hendiadys	ἀποκριθεὶς αὐτῷ λέγει	1		Together the two words **answering** and **says** mean that Jesus responded to what Pilate asked him. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
@@ -1437,8 +1437,8 @@ MRK	15	3	ue18		κατηγόρουν αὐτοῦ…πολλά	1	were accusing hi
 MRK	15	4	s2as		οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν?	1	Do you not answer at all?	Alternate translation: “Are you not going to respond to anything they have said?”
 MRK	15	5	way9		ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς οὐκέτι οὐδὲν ἀπεκρίθη	1	so that Pilate was amazed	Alternate translation: “But Jesus made no further reply”
 MRK	15	6	ul19	writing-background	κατὰ δὲ ἑορτὴν, ἀπέλυεν αὐτοῖς ἕνα δέσμιον, ὃν παρῃτοῦντο	1	Now	The word **Now** is used here to mark a break in the main story line as Mark shifts to telling background information about Pilate’s tradition of releasing a prisoner at feasts. Mark is providing background information in this verse to help readers understand what happens next. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “It was Pilate’s custom to release to them a prisoner of their choice during the festival” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-MRK	15	7	pdy3	writing-background	δὲ	1		The word **Now** is used here to mark a continuation of the break in the main story line which began in the preceding verse and to introduce background information about Barabbas to help readers understand what happens next. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “And” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) 
-MRK	15	7	lx8n	figs-activepassive	λεγόμενος	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by the name of” or “named” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
+MRK	15	7	pdy3	writing-background	δὲ	1		The word **Now** is used here to mark a continuation of the break in the main story line which began in the preceding verse and to introduce background information about Barabbas to help readers understand what happens next. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “And” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+MRK	15	7	lx8n	figs-activepassive	λεγόμενος	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by the name of” or “named” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 MRK	15	7	wvzq	figs-activepassive	δεδεμένος	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Mark implies that “the Roman authorities” had soldiers do it. Alternate translation: “whom the Roman authorities ordered to be bound and put” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 MRK	15	7	iofn	figs-abstractnouns	φόνον πεποιήκεισαν	1		If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **murder**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 MRK	15	8	a4xb	figs-go	ἀναβὰς	1	to request of him just as he usually did for them	Your language may say “went up” rather than **come up** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “having went up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
@@ -1452,13 +1452,13 @@ MRK	15	12	keq2	figs-hendiadys	Πειλᾶτος πάλιν ἀποκριθεὶ
 MRK	15	12	p94y		πάλιν	1		Mark uses the word **again** here because Pilate had already spoken to them regarding this matter in [15:9](../15/09.md). Use a natural form in your language for expressing the meaning of **again** as it is used here, as modeled by the UST.
 MRK	15	12	vlm3	figs-explicit	τί οὖν ποιήσω λέγετε τὸν Βασιλέα τῶν Ἰουδαίων?	1	What therefore should I do to the one you call the King of the Jews?	Pilate uses the word **therefore** because, as [15:11](../15/11.md) indicates, the chief priests had “stirred stirred up the crowd” to request that Pilate “release Barabbas” to them so Pilate is asking what he should **therefore** do with Jesus as a result. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “If I release Barabbas, what then should I do to the one you call the King of the Jews?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 MRK	15	12	r7ge		οὖν	1		Alternate translation: “then”
-MRK	15	13	n6jb	translate-unknown	σταύρωσον αὐτόν	1		The Romans executed some criminals by nailing them to a wooden beam with crossbar and setting the beam upright so that the criminals would slowly suffocate. That was what it meant to **Crucify** someone. Alternate translation: “Nail him to a cross! Execute him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])\n
+MRK	15	13	n6jb	translate-unknown	σταύρωσον αὐτόν	1		The Romans executed some criminals by nailing them to a wooden beam with crossbar and setting the beam upright so that the criminals would slowly suffocate. That was what it meant to **Crucify** someone. Alternate translation: “Nail him to a cross! Execute him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 MRK	15	13	nwms	figs-imperative	σταύρωσον αὐτόν	1		Here, the word **Crucify** is an imperative, but since the crowd cannot command Pilate to do this, you can translate the phrase **Crucify him** as an expression of what they want. Alternate translation: “We want you to nail him to a cross to execute him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
 MRK	15	14	e55i		ὁ δὲ Πειλᾶτος ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς	1	But Pilate was saying to them	See how you translated the phrase **Crucify him** in [15:13](../15/13.md).
 MRK	15	15	qt8y		τῷ ὄχλῳ τὸ ἱκανὸν ποιῆσαι	1	to do what was pleasing to the crowd	“to make the crowd happy by doing what they wanted him to do”
 MRK	15	15	fwg6	figs-explicit	τὸν Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας	1	Jesus, having flogged him	Mark assumes that his readers will know that Pilate did not actually flog **Jesus**, but rather he ordered his soldiers to do it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 MRK	15	15	yzn5	translate-unknown	φραγελλώσας	1	having flogged him	Flogging was a Roman penalty in which a person was whipped with a whip containing attached pieces of bone and metal. If your readers would not be familiar with this form of punishment, you could explain explicitly what flogging was. Alternate translation: “having whipped Jesus with a whip with pieces of bone and metal attached to it” or “having whipped Jesus with a whip to which was attached pieces of bone and metal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-MRK	15	15	w1sl	grammar-connect-logic-goal	καὶ παρέδωκεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας, ἵνα σταυρωθῇ 	1		The phrase **so that** introduces a purpose clause. With the phrase **so that he might be crucified•• Mark is stating the purpose for which Pilate**handed over Jesus**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “and after having Jesus flogged, he handed over Jesus to them in order that they might crucify him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
+MRK	15	15	w1sl	grammar-connect-logic-goal	καὶ παρέδωκεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας, ἵνα σταυρωθῇ	1		The phrase **so that** introduces a purpose clause. With the phrase **so that he might be crucified•• Mark is stating the purpose for which Pilate**handed over Jesus**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “and after having Jesus flogged, he handed over Jesus to them in order that they might crucify him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 MRK	15	15	r9id	figs-activepassive	σταυρωθῇ	1	handed over Jesus, having flogged him, so that he might be crucified	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Mark implies that Pilate’s “soldiers” did it. Alternate translation: “his soldiers might take him away and crucify him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 MRK	15	16	eg6x	writing-background	ὅ ἐστιν πραιτώριον	1	the palace (that is, the Praetorium)	Mark provides this background information describing **the palace** to help his readers understand what exactly he means by using the word **palace**. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “which is, the Praetorium” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 MRK	15	16	lb2x	figs-explicit	πραιτώριον	1		The **Praetorium** was where the Roman governor stayed when he was in Jerusalem and where the soldiers in Jerusalem lived. Mark assumes that his readers will know what the **Praetorium** is. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the palace where the governor and his soldiers lived” or “the Roman governor’s residence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1478,8 +1478,8 @@ MRK	15	21	s4j3		ἀπ’ ἀγροῦ	1	from the country	Alternate translation:
 MRK	15	21	rtz2	translate-names	Σίμωνα…Ἀλεξάνδρου…Ῥούφου	1	Simon … Alexander … Rufus	The words **Simon**, **Alexander**, and **Rufus** are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 MRK	15	21	n1oz	figs-go	ἐρχόμενον	1		Your language may say “going” rather than **coming** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “going” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
 MRK	15	21	cyn6	writing-background	τὸν πατέρα Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Ῥούφου	1	they pressed into service a certain passerby, Simon of Cyrene (the father of Alexander and Rufus), coming from the country	The phrase **the father of Alexander and Rufus** is background information about the man whom the soldiers forced to carry Jesus’ cross. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-MRK	15	21	d3i2	grammar-connect-logic-goal	 ἵνα	1		The phrase **so that** introduces the purpose for which **they pressed into service a certain passerby, Simon of Cyrene**, namely **so that** they could require him to **carry** Jesus’ **cross**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “in order that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
-MRK	15	22	w6c7	translate-transliterate	Γολγοθᾶν, τόπον ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον, Κρανίου Τόπος	1	Connecting Statement:	The word **Golgotha** is an Aramaic word. Mark used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic word so that his readers would know how it sounded and then he told them that it meant **Place of a Skull**. In your translation you can spell it the way it sounds in your language and then explain its meaning.  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
+MRK	15	21	d3i2	grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1		The phrase **so that** introduces the purpose for which **they pressed into service a certain passerby, Simon of Cyrene**, namely **so that** they could require him to **carry** Jesus’ **cross**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “in order that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
+MRK	15	22	w6c7	translate-transliterate	Γολγοθᾶν, τόπον ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον, Κρανίου Τόπος	1	Connecting Statement:	The word **Golgotha** is an Aramaic word. Mark used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic word so that his readers would know how it sounded and then he told them that it meant **Place of a Skull**. In your translation you can spell it the way it sounds in your language and then explain its meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
 MRK	15	22	e49p	figs-extrainfo	Γολγοθᾶν…Κρανίου Τόπος	1	Place of a Skull	Matthew says in [Matt 27:33](../mat/27/33.md) that **Golgotha** was “a place called Golgotha” so it is clear that this was the name of a location, but the reason why this place was called **Place of a Skull** is not known. It could have been called **Place of a Skull** because the appearance of this place resembled a skull or because it was the site of so many executions, in which case the name **Skull** is being used as metonymy to refer to death. Because the reason that this location was called **Place of a Skull** is unknown you should translate this phrase in a way that allows for either meaning as modeled by the ULT and UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
 MRK	15	22	m1dd	figs-activepassive	ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον	1	of a Skull	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 MRK	15	23	e9xd	figs-explicit	ἐσμυρνισμένον οἶνον	1	wine having been mixed with myrrh	If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain that **myrrh** was a pain relieving medicine. Alternate translation: “wine mixed with a pain relieving medicine called myrrh” or “wine mixed with a pain relieving drug called myrrh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1490,7 +1490,7 @@ MRK	15	25	dzbr	writing-background	δὲ	1		Mark uses the word **Now** to introdu
 MRK	15	25	q1ze	translate-ordinal	ὥρα τρίτη	1	the third hour	The Jews and the Romans divided the day into a twelve hour time period and the night into a twelve hour period. Here the phrase **the third hour** refers to **the third hour** of the day, which was approximately three hours after sunrise. Here, **third** is an ordinal number. If your language does not use ordinal numbers you can translate the phrase **the third hour** as “nine o’clock in the morning”, as modeled by the UST, since this is what time the phrase **the third hour** is referring to. Alternately, you could express the meaning of the phrase **the third hour** in some other way that is natural in your culture. Alternate translation: “nine o’clock in the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
 MRK	15	26	k1ku		ἐπιγραφὴ	1		Alternate translation: “notice”
 MRK	15	26	b84a		τῆς αἰτίας αὐτοῦ ἐπιγεγραμμένη	1	of the charge having been written against him	Alternate translation: “of the crime they were accusing him of doing”
-MRK	15	26	cbx4		ἐπιγεγραμμένη 	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
+MRK	15	26	cbx4		ἐπιγεγραμμένη	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 MRK	15	26	c0zf		ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1		See how you translated the phrase “the King of the Jews” in [15:2](../15/02.md).
 MRK	15	27	mgf3		ἕνα ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἕνα ἐξ εὐωνύμων αὐτοῦ	1	one on his right, and one on his left	Alternate translation: “one robber on his right side and one robber on his left side” or “one on a cross on the right side of him and one on a cross on the left side of him”
 MRK	15	28	itjz	figs-activepassive	Καὶ ἐπληρώθη ἡ γραφὴ ἡ λέγουσα	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “And by crucifying him with robbers they fulfilled the scripture that says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1505,7 +1505,7 @@ MRK	15	32	t1vm	figs-irony	ὁ Χριστὸς, ὁ Βασιλεὺς Ἰσρα
 MRK	15	32	q5qv	grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	ὁ Χριστὸς, ὁ Βασιλεὺς Ἰσραὴλ καταβάτω νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ, ἵνα ἴδωμεν καὶ πιστεύσωμεν	1		The Jewish leaders are using a hypothetical situation, since they do not believe that Jesus actually has the power to come down from the cross. If if would help your readers you can indicate plainly that the Jewish leaders are using this as a hypothetical situation. Use whatever form in your language would be most natural to communicate this. Alternate translation: “If he really is the Christ, the King of Israel, let him come down now from the cross. Then we will see and believe that he is the Christ and the King of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
 MRK	15	32	f8yw	grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1		The phrase **so that** introduces the purpose for which they said that Jesus should **come down now from the cross**, which was in order that **they might see and might believe**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “in order that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
 MRK	15	32	r6c4	figs-explicit	πιστεύσωμεν	1	might believe	The phrase **might believe** means to believe in Jesus. If it would help your readers you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “believe in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-MRK	15	32	dcb9	figs-activepassive	συνεσταυρωμένοι	1	were taunting	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Mark implies in [15:20](../15/20.md) that “soldiers” are the ones who are crucifying Jesus and the two other men. Alternate translation: “who the soldiers had crucified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 
+MRK	15	32	dcb9	figs-activepassive	συνεσταυρωμένοι	1	were taunting	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Mark implies in [15:20](../15/20.md) that “soldiers” are the ones who are crucifying Jesus and the two other men. Alternate translation: “who the soldiers had crucified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 MRK	15	33	q1gh	translate-ordinal	ὥρας ἕκτης	1	the sixth hour	The Jews and the Romans divided the day into a twelve hour time period and the night into a twelve hour period. Here, the phrase **the sixth hour** refers to the sixth hour of the day time, often called “twelve o'clock”, or “noon”. The **the sixth hour** of the day was approximately six hours after sunrise. The term **sixth** is an ordinal number. If your language does not use ordinal numbers you can translate the phrase **the sixth hour** as “noon”, as modeled by the UST, or as “twelve o'clock” or in some other way that is natural in your language. See how you translated the phrase “the third hour” in [15:25](../15/25.md). Alternate translation: “the hour of twelve o'clock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
 MRK	15	33	m67d	translate-ordinal	ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης	1		The phrase **the ninth hour** refers to “three o'clock in the afternoon”, approximately nine hours after sunrise. The term **ninth** is an ordinal number. If your language does not use ordinal numbers you can translate the phrase **the ninth hour** as “three o’clock in the afternoon”, as modeled by the UST, or in some other way that is natural in your language. See how you translated the phrase “the third hour” in [15:25](../15/25.md) and the phrase **the sixth hour** earlier in this verse. Alternate translation: “until three hours after noon” or “for three hours” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
 MRK	15	33	jvf0	figs-go	ἐγένετο	1		Your language may say “went” rather than **came** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])