From 5d648e74af5d58fd6c71ee8ddd7f11401ce8b7c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stephen Wunrow Date: Sat, 17 Jun 2023 13:51:53 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Merge stephenwunrow-tc-create-1 into master by stephenwunrow (#3332) --- tn_MAT.tsv | 344 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 244 insertions(+), 100 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_MAT.tsv b/tn_MAT.tsv index 30046612a0..e765ed9b76 100644 --- a/tn_MAT.tsv +++ b/tn_MAT.tsv @@ -3511,109 +3511,253 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 20:33 q3o8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀνοιγῶσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἡμῶν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “our eyes might become open” 20:34 hin4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σπλαγχνισθεὶς 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **compassion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “having sympathized with them” 20:34 l3nz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ 1 Here, the phrase **followed him** could indicate that: (1) the two blind men traveled with Jesus and were his disciple. Alternate translation: “became his disciples” or “traveled with him as his students” (2) the two blind men walked with Jesus on the road. Alternate translation: “walked with him” or “went with him” -21:intro ni1x 0 # Matthew 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:5,16 and 42, which is quoted from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The donkey and the colt\n\nJesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings.\n\nMatthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there was both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULT without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../jhn/12/14.md))\n\n### Hosanna\n\nThis is what the people shouted to welcome Jesus into Jerusalem. This word meant “Save us,” but people used it to praise God.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “The kingdom of God will be taken away from you”\n\nNo one knows for sure what this phrase means. No one knows if Jesus meant that God would someday give the kingdom back or not. -21:1 f8fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent ὅτε 1 Matthew is using the word translated **when** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. -21:1 p3g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Βηθφαγὴ 1 **Bethphage** is the name of a village that was near Jerusalem. -21:1 hofl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names τὸ Ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν 1 The **Mount of Olives** is the name of a mountain near the city of Jerusalem. -21:2 wen2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὄνον δεδεμένην 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a donkey that a person has tied up” -21:2 pq2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δεδεμένην 1 The donkey was **tied up** to a wooden post in the ground. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “tied up to a post” -21:2 ure7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πῶλον 1 Here, **a colt** is a young donkey. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. -21:3 o47q rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical καὶ ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ τι, ἐρεῖτε, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν χρείαν ἔχει 1 Jesus is describing a hypothetical situation in order to tell his disciples what they should do if it takes place. Alternate translation: “Now suppose someone says something to you. Then you should say, ‘The Lord has need of them’” -21:3 qwvf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐρεῖτε, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν χρείαν ἔχει 1 If your language would not use a second direct quotation inside a first direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “you should say that the Lord has need of them” -21:3 hiro rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness ὁ Κύριος 1 The disciples are to refer to Jesus by a respectful title. Use a form for addressing someone respectfully in your language. Alternate translation: “the Lord Jesus” -21:4 n979 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου 1 See how you translated a similar phrase in [4:14](../04/14.md). -21:4 x3up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ τοῦ προφήτου 1 Here, the **prophet** whom Matthew is speaking about is Zechariah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “through the prophet Zechariah” -21:4 inek rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντος 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and this is what he said:” -21:5 whn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῇ θυγατρὶ Σιών 1 The prophet is using the phrase **daughter of Zion** to mean the people who live in the city of Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people who live in the city of Jerusalem” -21:5 e9pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πῶλον 1 See how you translated **colt** in [21:2](../21/02.md). -21:5 fx3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπὶ πῶλον, υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου 1 Here, the **colt** and the **foal of a beast of burden** are referring to the same animal. The second phrase is describing more about the **colt**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “on a colt, which is a foal of a beast of burden” -21:5 a6qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου 1 Here, a **foal** is the offspring of donkey. A **beast of burden** is an animal that pulls heavy objects and works. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the offspring of a large working animal” -21:7 y6en rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὰ ἱμάτια 1 See how you translated “cloak” in [9:20](../09/20.md). -21:8 t29s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ὄχλος ἔστρωσαν ἑαυτῶν τὰ ἱμάτια ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ; ἄλλοι δὲ ἔκοπτον κλάδους ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων, καὶ ἐστρώννυον ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ 1 The crowd did these things, which are usually done for a king, to show honor to Jesus. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. -21:9 ky4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ὡσαννὰ & ὡσαννὰ 1 **Hosanna** is a word borrowed from Hebrew. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you can spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternative translation: “Praise … Praise” -21:9 ysb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 See how you translated **Son of David** in [20:30](../20/30.md). -21:9 q52t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 The people are using the term **in the name of the Lord** to mean one who comes representing God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “representing God” -21:9 g73z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὡσαννὰ ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις 1 The people are using the phrase **in the highest places** to refer to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Hosanna to God” -21:10 f1ao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐσείσθη πᾶσα ἡ πόλις λέγουσα 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this stirred the whole city, and its people said” -21:10 cb4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐσείσθη πᾶσα ἡ πόλις 1 Matthew is using the term **city** to mean the people who live in that city. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in the city were stirred” -21:11 nqb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession Ναζαρὲθ τῆς Γαλιλαίας 1 Here, the possessive form tells the reader that **Nazareth** is a town in the region of **Galilee**. Alternate translation: “Nazareth, which is in Galilee” -21:12 y9j4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰσῆλθεν Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὸ ἱερόν 1 Jesus did not enter the actual **temple**. He entered the courtyard around the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus entered the courtyard around the temple” -21:12 w7ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς πωλοῦντας καὶ ἀγοράζοντας 1 Merchants were **selling** animals and other items so that travelers could buy them and offer the proper sacrifices at the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one buying and selling things for temple sacrifices” -21:13 kp7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God said in the Scriptures” -21:13 q41c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes γέγραπται ὁ οἶκός μου οἶκος προσευχῆς κληθήσεται; ὑμεῖς δὲ αὐτὸν ποιεῖτε σπήλαιον λῃστῶν 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “It has been written that God’s temple would be called a place of prayer, but you have made it a den of robbers” -21:13 z8gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ οἶκός μου & κληθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “People will call my house” -21:13 n9v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ οἶκός μου 1 God, speaking through the prophet Isaiah, refers to his temple as his house because his presence is there. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My temple” -21:13 bd8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οἶκος προσευχῆς 1 God, speaking through the prophet Isaiah, refers to a place where people would pray as **a house of prayer**. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a place where people can pray to me” -21:13 c7l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σπήλαιον λῃστῶν 1 God, speaking through the prophet Jeremiah, refers to a place where thieves would gather to hide and plot their crimes as if it were a wild animal’s den or lair. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning in plain language. Alternate translation: “a place where thieves gather” -21:14 a2sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τυφλοὶ καὶ χωλοὶ 1 Matthew is using the adjectives **blind** and **lame** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “people who were blind and people who were lame” -21:14 aku3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown χωλοὶ 1 See how you translated **lame** in [11:5](../11/05.md). -21:15 hft8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰ θαυμάσια 1 This phrase refers implicitly to Jesus healing the blind and lame people in [21:14](../21/14.md). Alternate translation: “the miracles” -21:15 fqr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ὡσαννὰ 1 See how you translated **Hosanna** in [21:9](../21/09.md). -21:15 c6k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 Jesus was not David’s literal son, so this may be translated as “descendant of king David.” However, “Son of David” is also a title for the Messiah, and the children were probably calling Jesus by this title. See how you translated this in [21:9](../21/09.md). -21:15 r3bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἠγανάκτησαν 1 It is implied that they were **very angry** because they did not believe Jesus was the Christ and they did not want other people praising him. Alternate translation: “they became very angry because people were praising him” -21:16 zx4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἀκούεις τί οὗτοι λέγουσιν? 1 The chief priests and scribes ask this question to rebuke Jesus because they are angry with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not allow them to say these things about you!” -21:16 luy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ναί οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον? 1 Jesus asks this question to remind the chief priests and scribes of what they had studied in the scriptures. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hear them, but you should remember what you read in the Scriptures, ‘From the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have prepared praise.’” -21:16 qa9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον 1 **From the mouths** refers to speaking. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You caused little children and nursing infants to speak in praise of God” -21:16 jgu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον 1 If your language would not use a second direct quotation inside a first direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Have you not read that God said that from the mouths of infants and young children he would prepare praise” -21:17 hoes rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Βηθανίαν 1 The word **Bethany** is the name of a village near Jerusalem. -21:18 q488 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Matthew is using the word translated **Now** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. +21:intro ni1x 0 # Matthew 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n9. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1-22:46)\n * Jesus enters Jerusalem (21:1–11)\n * Jesus drives people out of the temple and argues with the leaders (21:12–17)\n * Jesus curses a fig tree (21:18–22)\n * Jesus speaks with the chief priests and elders (21:23–46)\n * Questions about authority (21:23–27)\n * The parable of the two children (21:28–32)\n * The parable of the vineyard (21:33–41)\n * The stone that the builders rejected (21:42–44)\n * The reaction of the chief priests and elders (21:45–46)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [21:5](../21/05.md), [21:9](../21/09.md), and [21:42](../21/42.md), which are mostly quotes from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The donkey and the colt\n\nIn [21:1–4](../21/01.md), Jesus instructs two of his disciples to collect a donkey and a colt for him to use as he enters into Jerusalem. Matthew comments that Jesus did that in fulfillment of [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md), which indicates that a special king of Israel will ride on a donkey and on a colt, which is a poetic way of referring to a donkey that is a colt. In the story in Matthew, Matthew refers to both the donkey and the colt that the disciples collect, but he does not indicate which one Jesus actually rides. Make sure that it is clear that there are two animals that match the way that [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md) was written, but do not indicate which one Jesus rode on.\n\n### Hosanna\n\nThe word “Hosanna” is a Hebrew word spelled out how it sounds in Matthew’s language. The word means “save us, please.” By the time of Jesus, however, people would use the word to praise or honor God and others. Consider whether to spell the word out as it sounds or state its meaning. See the notes on [21:9](../21/09.md) and [21:15](../21/15.md) for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n### Disrupting activity in the temple area\n\nIn [21:12–13](../21/12.md), Jesus disrupts normal activity in the temple by driving out some people and by overturning the chairs and tables of others. Jesus performed this symbolic action to express a specific message. However, Christians debate exactly what the symbolic action means. Jesus could have been protesting against people who were buying and selling dishonestly. He could have been protesting against all buying and selling in the temple area. He could have been indicating that the temple would be destroyed. Your translation should state what Jesus did while allowing for all of these possible interpretations.\n\n### The baptism of John\n\nIn [21:25–27](../21/25.md), Jesus and the chief priests and elders discuss “the baptism of John.” Here they are referring to how John baptized people for repentance. Jesus asks them whether they think that John’s baptism came from heaven or from people, which means that he performed baptisms by God’s authority or by human authority. The chief priests and elders decide not to answer the question. See the notes on these verses for ways to refer to John’s baptism and to the authority behind it.\n\n### Renting out a vineyard\n\nIn [21:33–41](../21/33.md), Jesus tells a story about a man who built a vineyard and then rented it out to farmers. Jesus is referring to a common arrangement in which a wealthy person who owned property would have poorer people use that property for farming or tending grapes. These poorer people would do the work and then sell the produce, and they would give the person who owned the property a portion of what they made. If your readers would not be familiar with this kind of arrangement, make sure that your translation is clear about what is happening in the story.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The parable of the two children\n\nIn [21:28–32](../21/28.md), Jesus tells and explains a story about a man and his two children. The man asks both children to work in his vineyard. The first child says that he will not but later works there anyways. The second child says that he will but later does not work there. Jesus and the chief priest and elders agree that it was the first child who actually did what the father wanted. Jesus then explains that he is illustrating how different groups of people reacted to John the Baptist’s ministry. People who sinned much but then repented when John preached are like the first child who actually did what the father wanted. The Jewish religious leaders who did not repent when John preached are like the second child who did not actually do what the father wanted. While you should not explain the meaning more than Jesus does, make sure that your translation fits with what Jesus is illustrating. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### The parable of the vineyard\n\nIn [21:33–41](../21/33.md), Jesus tells a story about a man who planted a vineyard and rented it out to farmers. When the man sends servants to collect the rent, the farmers refuse and injure or kill the servants. When the man sends his own son, the farmers kill him as well. Jesus and the chief priests and elders agree that the man should destroy the farmers and rent the vineyard to other people. When he applies the parable in [21:42–44](../21/42.md), Jesus indicates that the Jewish religious leaders are like those farmers who will be destroyed. He also implies that the vineyard represents the people of Israel, the servants represent God’s messengers, the son represents Jesus himself, and the man who owned the vineyard represents God. While you should not explain the meaning more than Jesus does, make sure that your translation fits with what Jesus is illustrating. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### The stone\n\nIn [21:42](../21/42.md), Jesus quotes from [Psalm 118:22–23](../psa/118/22.md), which refers to a specific “stone.” In the Psalm, this stone most likely represents the king of Israel, or it perhaps represents the Israelite people in general. When Jesus refers to the stone in [21:42](../21/42.md) and [21:44](../21/44.md), he is implicitly identifying it with himself. Since the stone language comes from a quotation from the Psalms, you should preserve it in some form in your translation. Also, since Jesus does not explicitly claim to be the stone, you should keep that implicit in your translation. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to his disciples or to the Jewish leaders. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The quote from Zechariah and Isaiah in [21:5](../21/05.md)\n\nIn [21:5](../21/05.md), Matthew quotes from someone whom he calls “the prophet” ([21:4](../21/04.md)). The last three lines of the quotation are from [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md). The first line sounds somewhat like the first line of [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md), but it matches the first line of [Isaiah 62:11](../isa/62/11.md) exactly. Most likely, Matthew was thinking of both of these verses when he wrote down the quotation. If you must refer to the author of the quotation or book from which the quotation came, it is recommended that you refer to Zechariah, since most of the quotation is from that book. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])\n\n### Different versions of the parable of the two children\n\nThere are two primary versions of the parable of the two children in [21:28–31](../21/28.md):\n\n1. The first child says that he will not work in the vineyard but later does. Meanwhile, the second child says that he will work in the vineyard but does not. The chief priests and scribes say that the first child did what the father wanted.\n2. The first child says that he will work in the vineyard but does not. Meanwhile, the second child says that he will not work in the vineyard but later does. The chief priests and scribes say that the second child did what the father wanted.\n\nThe ULT and the UST are based on the first version listed above. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])\n\n## Verse 44\n\nA few manuscripts do not include anything for [21:44](../21/44.md). Many early manuscripts do include the verse. While it it possible that people added this verse because similar words appear in the same place in [Luke 20:18](../luk/20/18.md), it is more likely that this verse was accidentally omitted from a few manuscripts. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. Otherwise, since it is likely that [21:44](../21/44.md) does belong here, it is recommended that you follow the ULT by including the verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +21:1 f8fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ ὅτε 1 Here, the phrase **And when** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “Then” +21:1 z5qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἤγγισαν & ἦλθον 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “they went near … went” +21:1 tf8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἤγγισαν 1 The pronoun **they** refers to Jesus and his disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples came near” +21:1 p3g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Βηθφαγὴ 1 The word **Bethphage** is the name of a village that was near Jerusalem. +21:1 u8fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πρὸς τὸ Ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν 1 Here Matthew implies that **Bethphage** is near **the Mount of Olives**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “near the Mount of Olives” or “which is at the Mount of Olives” +21:2 ruc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων αὐτοῖς 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said to them” +21:2 ubr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go πορεύεσθε 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “Come” instead of **Go**. Alternate translation: “Come” +21:2 ku9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τὴν κώμην, τὴν κατέναντι ὑμῶν 1 Here, a **village** that is **opposite** someone means that it is directly in front of them. Jesus is here referring to the village of Bethphage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the village directly in front of you” or “the village of Bethphage, which is before you” +21:2 wen2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὄνον δεδεμένην 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “a donkey that a person has tied up” +21:2 pq2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δεδεμένην 1 Here Jesus implies that someone has used a rope or tether to secure the **donkey** so that it cannot wander away. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “secured with a tether” +21:2 ure7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πῶλον 1 A **colt** is a young donkey that is no longer a baby but is not yet full grown. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “one of her young ones” or “a young donkey” +21:3 o47q rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical καὶ ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ τι, ἐρεῖτε 1 Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that they will only have to say these words if someone **says anything** to them. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “Now suppose someone says something to you. Then you should say” +21:3 yv1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑμῖν εἴπῃ τι 1 Here Jesus is implying that people might ask the disciples why they are taking someone’s donkey and colt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “confronts you about what you are doing” or “speaks to you about what you are doing” +21:3 qwvf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐρεῖτε, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν χρείαν ἔχει 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you will say that the Lord has need of them,” +21:3 hiro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Κύριος 1 Here, the word **Lord** could refer to: (1) Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “The Lord, our teacher,” (2) God. Alternate translation: “The Lord God” +21:3 pfcz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀποστελεῖ 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person will send them” +21:4 yi1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces Matthew’s comment on what he has narrated so far. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a comment from the narrator, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I note that” or “As a matter of fact,” +21:4 nybn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοῦτο & γέγονεν 1 Here, the word **this** refers to what Jesus has just instructed two of his disciples to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to those instructions more directly. Alternate translation: “Jesus gave those instructions” +21:4 n979 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἵνα 1 Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) a result from what Jesus commanded. Alternate translation: “with the result that” (2) a purpose for which Jesus commanded those things. Alternate translation: “in order that”\n +21:4 dsar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the speaking, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “this might fulfill that which God said through the prophet” +21:4 x3up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ τοῦ προφήτου 1 Here, the **prophet** whom Matthew is speaking about is Zechariah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “through the prophet Zechariah” +21:4 inek rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντος 1 In Matthew’s culture, saying was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Zehariah (see [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “who wrote in the book of Zechariah” or “who declared” +21:5 btvk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἴπατε τῇ θυγατρὶ Σιών, ἰδοὺ, ὁ βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεταί σοι, πραῢς καὶ ἐπιβεβηκὼς ἐπὶ ὄνον καὶ ἐπὶ πῶλον, υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Tell the daughter of Zion that her King is coming to her, humble and riding on a donkey, and on a colt, a son of a beast of burden.” +21:5 whn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῇ θυγατρὶ Σιών 1 The prophet is using the phrase **daughter of Zion** to mean the people who live in the city of **Zion**, which is Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. If you do, make sure that you use plural forms of “you” throughout this verse. Alternate translation: “the people of Zion” +21:5 rdb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **Behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **Behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “See” or “Pay attention:” +21:5 on0l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σου & σοι 1 Since someone is talking to **the daughter of Zion**, the words **your** and **you** are singular. +21:5 yjsj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ἐπὶ ὄνον καὶ ἐπὶ πῶλον, υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου 1 Here, the author of the quotation refers to one animal both as a **donkey** and as a **colt**, which is **a son of a beast of burden**. This was poetic in his culture. Matthew knows that this is a poetic form, but his story refers to two animals, both a **donkey** and a **colt**. If possible, express the idea in such a way that this quotation could be referring to either one or two animals. Alternate translation: “on a donkey, riding on a colt, a son of a beast of burden” +21:5 e9pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πῶλον 1 A **colt** is a young donkey that is no longer a baby but is not yet full grown. See how you translated this word in [21:2](../21/02.md). Alternate translation: “a young donkey” +21:5 fx3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου 1 Here the author of the quotation refers to the direct offspring of **a beast of burden** as if it were its **son**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a foal of a beast of burden” +21:5 a6qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ὑποζυγίου 1 A **beast of burden** is an animal that is used to perform jobs that require strength, such as carrying or pulling heavy objects. In Jesus’ culture, the phrase almost always referred to a donkey. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make some of those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “of a work animal” or “of a draft animal” +21:6 ln9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +21:6 sjdb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go πορευθέντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come” +21:7 r6db rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸν πῶλον 1 A **colt** is a young donkey that is no longer a baby but is not yet full grown. See how you translated this word in [21:2](../21/02.md). Alternate translation: “a young donkey” +21:7 y6en τὰ ἱμάτια 1 Alternate translation: “outer garments” +21:7 fgbo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ἐπεκάθισεν ἐπάνω αὐτῶν 1 Here Matthew does not specify which animal Jesus sat on, and if possible you should not specify either. If you need to include an object for **sat**, you could refer generally to one of the animals. Alternate translation: “he sat upon them on one of the animals” +21:7 q6r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 3 Here, the word **them** could refer to: (1) the **cloaks**. Alternate translation: “the cloaks” (2) the **donkey** and the **colt**. Alternate translation: “the animals” +21:8 s8x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +21:8 e3t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ὁ & πλεῖστος ὄχλος 1 Matthew says **the largest crowd** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “a huge crowd” or “an enormous crowd” +21:8 t29s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἔστρωσαν ἑαυτῶν τὰ ἱμάτια ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ; ἄλλοι δὲ ἔκοπτον κλάδους ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων, καὶ ἐστρώννυον ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ 1 The people did these things to give Jesus honor and glory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the meaning of these actions. Alternate translation: “spread their cloaks on the road to give him honor, and others were cutting branches from the trees and were spreading them on the road to give him glory” +21:8 vyp6 τὰ ἱμάτια 1 Alternate translation: “outer garments” +21:8 cy6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἄλλοι 1 Matthew is using the adjective **others** as a noun to mean other people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “different people” +21:9 exm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +21:9 vo7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go οἱ προάγοντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “coming” instead of **going**. Alternate translation: “coming before” +21:9 x1l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” +21:9 ky4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ὡσαννὰ & ὡσαννὰ 1 The word **Hosanna** is a Hebrew word. Matthew has spelled it out using Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded. **Hosanna** had an original meaning of “save now,” but by the time of this event it had become a way of praising God. In your translation you can spell **Hosanna** the way it sounds in your language or you could translate it according to how the word was used. Alternate translation: “Honor … Honor” +21:9 ysb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 Here, the word **Son** means a male descendant. It does not mean that Jesus was the direct son of **David**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the Descendant of David” or “the one who is descended from David”\n +21:9 gk06 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 **David** was Israel’s most important king, and God had promised him that one of his descendants would be the Messiah. So the title **Son of David** could implicitly mean “Messiah.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the Son of David, the Messiah” +21:9 dtjl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου! 1 Here the crowds are quoting from [Psalm 118:26](../psa/118/26.md). Since they do not introduce the words as a quotation from an important text, you also should not introduce them as anything more than what the crowds said. However, if it would be helpful for your readers, you could include this information in a footnote. +21:9 fc0e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 The phrase **Blessed is the one** could be: (1) a request for God to bless Jesus. Alternate translation: “Let the one coming in the name of the Lord be blessed” (2) stating that God had already blessed Jesus. Alternate translation: “The one coming in the name of the Lord is blessed” +21:9 c61m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive εὐλογημένος 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “Let God bless” +21:9 q52t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 Here, the word **name** refers primarily to the person who has that name, and it focuses especially on that person’s authority. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by your authority of the Lord”\n +21:9 jt8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡσαννὰ 2 Here, the word **Hosanna** could refer to praising: (1) Jesus, the **Son of David**. Alternate translation: “Hosanna to this one” (2) God, who sent Jesus. Alternate translation: “Hosanna to God” +21:9 g73z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοῖς ὑψίστοις 1 The people are using the adjective **highest** as a noun to mean the highest heavens, where God dwells. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the highest heavens” +21:10 cb4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐσείσθη πᾶσα ἡ πόλις λέγουσα 1 Matthew is using the term **city** to mean the people who live in that city. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the people who lived in the city were shaken, saying”\n +21:10 f1ao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐσείσθη πᾶσα ἡ πόλις 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was what Jesus did and how the crowds greeted him. Alternate translation: “this shook the whole city” +21:10 p0gh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐσείσθη 1 Here, Matthew is speaking of people becoming agitated as if they were **shaken**. He could be implying: (1) that the people were concerned or confused. Alternate translation: “was disturbed” or “was greatly concerned” (2) that the people were excited. Alternate translation: “was excited” +21:10 g6pq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγουσα 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and the people said” +21:11 nqb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession Ναζαρὲθ τῆς Γαλιλαίας 1 Here, the crowds are using the possessive form to describe **Nazareth** as a place in **Galilee**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Nazareth, a town in Galilee” +21:12 y9j4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰσῆλθεν & εἰς τὸ ἱερόν 1 Here Matthew means that Jesus entered into the **temple** area. He does not mean that Jesus went into the most sacred parts of the temple building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “entered into the temple courtyard” +21:12 w7ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς πωλοῦντας καὶ ἀγοράζοντας ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 Matthew implies that merchants were **selling** animals and other items so that travelers could buy them and offer the proper sacrifices at the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the ones selling and buying things in the temple for the sacrifices” +21:12 u1oe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰς τραπέζας τῶν κολλυβιστῶν 1 Here Matthew is referring to people who exchanged the commonly used Greek and Roman money for special money that could be used at the temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the tables of the people who exchanged money” or “the tables of the people who exchanged the temple currency” +21:12 iyox rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰς καθέδρας τῶν πωλούντων τὰς περιστεράς 1 Here Matthew refers to people who sold **doves**, which the poorest people would offer as sacrifices. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the seats of the ones selling the doves to be sacrificed” +21:13 om5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said” +21:13 hvrv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the people who were buying, selling, and exchanging things in the temple area. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “to the people who were buying and selling” +21:13 q41c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations γέγραπται 1 In Jesus’ culture, **It is written** was a normal way to introduce quotations from important texts, in this case, the books of Isaiah and Jeremiah (see [Isaiah 56:7](../isa/56/07.md) and [Jeremiah 7:11](../jer/07/11.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from important texts. Alternate translation: “You can read in the Scriptures” or “It says in the books of Isaiah and Jeremiah” +21:13 kp7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God speaking through prophets. Alternate translation: “The prophets said” or “God had the prophets write” +21:13 z8gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ οἶκός μου & κληθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “They will call my house” +21:13 n9v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ οἶκός μου 1 God, speaking through the prophet Isaiah, refers to his temple as **My house** because his presence is there. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My temple” +21:13 bd8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession οἶκος προσευχῆς 1 Here God, speaking through the prophet Isaiah, is using the possessive form to describe a **house** that is a place where people perform **prayer**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a house where prayer is offered” or “a place where there is prayer” +21:13 c7l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σπήλαιον λῃστῶν 1 Here God, speaking through the prophet Jeremiah, refers to the temple as a **den** where **robbers** hide and plot their crimes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “a place where robbers live” or “like a cave where robbers hide” +21:14 a2sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τυφλοὶ καὶ χωλοὶ 1 Matthew is using the adjectives **blind** and **lame** as nouns to mean people who were blind and lame. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “those who were blind and lame” +21:14 q405 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 Here Matthew means that Jesus was in the **temple** area. He does not mean that Jesus went into the most sacred parts of the temple building. See how you expressed the idea in [21:12](../21/12.md). Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” +21:15 u6ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces how **the chief priests and the scribes** reacted in contrast with how most of the people reacted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” +21:15 r3bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 Here Matthew means that **the children** were in the **temple** area. He does not mean that they were in the most sacred parts of the temple building. See how you expressed the idea in [21:12](../21/12.md). Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” +21:15 c3qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations λέγοντας, ὡσαννὰ τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “giving hosannas to the Son of David,” +21:15 fqr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ὡσαννὰ 1 See how you translated **Hosanna** in [21:9](../21/09.md). Alternate translation: “Honor” +21:15 c6k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ 1 See how you translated the phrase **Son of David** in [21:9](../21/09.md). Alternate translation: “to the Descendant of David” or “to the one who is descended from David” +21:16 wu5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀκούεις τί οὗτοι λέγουσιν 1 Here the chief priests and the scribes are implying that what **these** children are saying is bad or wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Do you hear the wrong things that these are saying” +21:16 dhoa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἀκούεις 1 Since the chief priests and the scribes are talking to Jesus, the word **you** here is singular. +21:16 zx4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj οὗτοι 1 The chief priests and scribes are using the adjective **these** as a noun to mean specific children. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “these children” +21:16 gm6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” +21:16 twg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ναί 1 Here, the word **Yes** implies that Jesus thinks that what the children are saying is not wrong or bad. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Yes, and they are doing what is good” or “Yes, and they are right” +21:16 luy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke and teach the chief priests and scribes. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I know that you have read, ‘From the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have prepared praise.’” or “Surely you have read, ‘From the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have prepared praise’!” +21:16 iqlm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε 1 Here Jesus introduces a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Psalms (see [Psalm 8:2](../psa/08/02.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “Have you never read in the book of Psalms” or “Have you never read in our Scriptures”\n +21:16 qa9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ στόματος 1 Here, **mouths** represents speaking or things that are spoken. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From the voices” or “From the speech” +21:16 qyka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων 1 The terms **little children** and **nursing infants** mean similar things. The author of the quotation is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “of the youngest children” +21:16 jgu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κατηρτίσω αἶνον 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **praise**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you have chosen to be praised” or “you have prepared praising words” +21:16 qe4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular κατηρτίσω 1 Since the author of the quotation is talking to God, the word **you** here is singular. +21:17 hoes rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the chief priests and the scribes (see [21:15](../21/15.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the chief priests and the scribes” +21:17 abq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξῆλθεν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples went out” +21:17 t65g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξῆλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he came out” +21:17 cmd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς πόλεως 1 Here, the phrase **the city** refers to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem” +21:18 q488 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +21:18 yk9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπανάγων 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as Jesus and his disciples were returning” +21:18 m22l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν πόλιν 1 Here, the phrase **the city** refers to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem” 21:19 l3bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he came” 21:19 h2la rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions οὐδὲν εὗρεν ἐν αὐτῇ, εἰ μὴ φύλλα μόνον 1 If it would in appear your language that Matthew was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “found only leaves on it” -21:21 nd3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν καὶ μὴ διακριθῆτε, οὐ μόνον τὸ τῆς συκῆς ποιήσετε, ἀλλὰ κἂν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ εἴπητε, ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, γενήσεται 1 Jesus uses this expression to introduce an imaginary situation to help explain what they could do if they had faith in God. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “suppose you have faith and do not doubt. Then you will not only do what I did to the fig tree, but even if you say to this mountain, ‘Be taken up and be thrown into the sea,’ it will happen” -21:21 mwl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν καὶ μὴ διακριθῆτε 1 Jesus expresses the same idea both positively and negatively to emphasize that this faith must be genuine. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “if you truly believe” -21:21 zyrx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μὴ διακριθῆτε 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative word **doubt**. Alternate translation: “believe” -21:21 r61a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ μόνον τὸ τῆς συκῆς ποιήσετε 1 The phrase **what was of the fig tree** is referring to what Jesus did to the fig tree. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “you will not only be able to do what I did to the fig tree” -21:21 jf9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes κἂν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ εἴπητε, ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, γενήσεται 1 If your language would not use a second direct quotation inside a first direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “you will even be able to tell this mountain to be taken up and be thrown into the sea, and it will happen” -21:21 erml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Get up and throw yourself into the sea” -21:23 uge9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐλθόντος αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 Matthew is using **temple** to represent the temple courtyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he had come into the courtyard of the temple” -21:23 m6cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντος αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 Your language may say “gone” rather than **come** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “when he had gone into the temple” -21:23 mtt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς? καὶ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “who authorized you to do these things, and who authorized you in this way” -21:23 s1w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα ποιεῖς 1 Here, **these things** refers to Jesus teaching in the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “teach these things” -21:25 r7ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism ἐξ οὐρανοῦ 1 In order to honor the commandment not to misuse God’s name, Jewish people often avoided saying the word “God” and used the word **heaven** to represent God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from God” -21:25 th4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἐξ ἀνθρώπων 1 Here, Jesus is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “people” to indicate this. Alternate translation: “people” or “humans” -21:25 vvt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν, διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ? 1 If your language would not use a second direct quotation inside a first direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “If we say that we believe John received his authority from heaven, then Jesus will ask us why we did not believe John.” -21:25 seb0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν, διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ 1 The Jewish leaders are describing a hypothetical situation. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose we say, ‘From heaven.’ Then he will ask, ‘Then why did you not believe him’” -21:25 jmg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should have believed John the Baptist” -21:26 zxn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐὰν δὲ εἴπωμεν, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, 1 If your language would not use a second direct quotation inside a first direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But if we say that we believe John received his authority from men” -21:26 iysl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἐὰν δὲ εἴπωμεν, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, φοβούμεθα τὸν ὄχλον πάντες γὰρ ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην 1 The religious leaders uses this expression to introduce an imaginary situation to help explain what would happen if they said that John’s authority was from man.. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose we say ‘from men.’ Then we fear the crowd, because they all regard John as a prophet” -21:26 vn6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result πάντες γὰρ ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because they all regard John as a prophet, we fear the crowd” -21:26 hhrn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole πάντες 1 The chief priests and elders say **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “generally” -21:27 foa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιῶ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “who authorized me to do these things” -21:28 u56n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables τί δὲ ὑμῖν δοκεῖ 1 To the religious leaders, Jesus tells a story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “But what do you think about this story I am about to tell you?” -21:28 iem2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί δὲ ὑμῖν δοκεῖ? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should consider what I am about to say!” -21:28 y2an rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go προσελθὼν 1 Your language may say “come” rather than gone in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “having come to” -21:29 b96z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor μεταμεληθεὶς 1 This refers to the son reconsidering his thoughts and deciding to act differently from how he had said he would act. Alternate translation: “having reconsidered” -21:29 ub09 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential ὕστερον δὲ 1 The word translated **afterward** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened after the previous event that the story described. Alternate translation: “But later, after this,” -21:31 ec9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οἱ τελῶναι καὶ αἱ πόρναι προάγουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ 1 Jesus is using the phrase **the kingdom of God** to mean God ruling over people as a king. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly as demonstrated in the UST. -21:32 a8z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ἦλθεν & Ἰωάννης πρὸς ὑμᾶς 1 Here, **you** is plural and refers to all the people of Israel, not just the religious leaders. Alternate translation: “John came to all of you people of Israel” -21:32 n2ve rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ὁδῷ δικαιοσύνης 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “teaching you what is right” +21:19 s0vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said” +21:19 uf93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns καρπὸς 1 Here, the word **fruit** is singular in form, but it refers to many fruits as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “fruits” +21:19 d1d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σοῦ 1 Since the Jesus is talking to the fig tree, the word **you** here is singular. +21:19 r0s2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα 1 Here, the phrase **to eternity** means that something lasts forever. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “forever” or “ever again” +21:20 mzry rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” +21:21 qye0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +21:21 fohj ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” +21:21 nd3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν καὶ μὴ διακριθῆτε, οὐ μόνον τὸ τῆς συκῆς ποιήσετε, ἀλλὰ κἂν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ εἴπητε, ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, γενήσεται 1 Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to show that a person with **faith** can do amazing things, like casting a **mountain** into the sea. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “imagine that you had faith and did not doubt. In that case, you could do not only what was of the fig tree. Even more, you could say to this mountain, ‘Be taken up and be thrown into the sea,’ and it would happen” +21:21 mwl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἔχητε πίστιν καὶ μὴ διακριθῆτε 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could combine the two phrases and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you have faith without doubting” or “you truly believe” +21:21 zu6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἔχητε πίστιν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you believe” +21:21 r61a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ τῆς συκῆς 1 Here Jesus is referring to what he did to the fig tree. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what I did to the fig tree” or “things like what I did to the fig tree” +21:21 jf9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ εἴπητε, ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, γενήσεται 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you tell this mountain to be taken up and to be thrown into the sea, it will happen” +21:21 qfo6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ 1 Here, the phrase **this mountain** could refer to: (1) the Mount of Olives, which Jesus and his disciples were near. Alternate translation: “to the Mount of Olives” or “to the mountain we are near” (2) any mountain. Alternate translation: “to a mountain” +21:21 erml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be God. Alternate translation: “May God take you up and throw you into the sea” +21:21 lrgd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι 1 Since someone is talking to a mountain, the commands here are singular. +21:22 lsb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo πάντα ὅσα ἂν αἰτήσητε 1 The expression **everything, as much as you request** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “everything that you request” +21:22 a72c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **prayer**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as you pray” +21:23 m6cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντος αὐτοῦ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “when he had gone” +21:23 uge9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 Here Matthew means that Jesus entered into the **temple** area. He does not mean that Jesus went into the most sacred parts of the temple building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “into the temple courtyard”\n +21:23 lzfr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ πρεσβύτεροι τοῦ λαοῦ 1 Here Matthew implies that **the people** refers to the Jewish people group. These are **elders** who are respected among the Jewish people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the elders who lead the Jewish people” +21:23 kw71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διδάσκοντι 1 Here Matthew indicates that Jesus is **teaching**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as he was teaching” +21:23 d6dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” +21:23 b56y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς? καὶ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην 1 The question **By what authority do you do these things** and the question **who gave you this authority** could: (1) be two separate questions, the first asking about the nature of the authority and the second about who gave it to Jesus. Alternate translation: “By what kind of authority do you do these things, and who is the one who gave you this authority” (2) both have the same meaning and be asked together to strongly question Jesus’ authority. If you choose this option, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could combine these two questions into one question. Alternate translation: “Who was it who gave you the authority to do these things?” +21:23 mtt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς? καὶ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “How are you empowered to do these things, and who empowered you in this way” +21:23 s1w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα ποιεῖς 1 Here, the phrase **these things** refers to what Jesus has done since he arrived in Jerusalem, including driving people out of the temple, healing people, and teaching. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “do you teach, heal, and drive people out of the temple” +21:23 pji9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ποιεῖς & σοι 1 Since the chief priests and the elders are talking to Jesus, the words **you** and **you** here are singular. +21:24 t36k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy λόγον ἕνα 1 Jesus is using the term **word** to refer to what Jesus will ask. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one thing” +21:24 h7hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιῶ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. See how you expressed the idea in [21:23](../21/23.md). Alternate translation: “how I am empowered to do these things” +21:24 da2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα ποιῶ 1 Here, the phrase **these things** refers to what Jesus has done since he arrived in Jerusalem, including driving people out of the temple, healing people, and teaching. See how you translated the similar phrase in [21:23](../21/23.md). Alternate translation: “I teach, heal, and drive people out of the temple” +21:25 d4t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάννου, πόθεν ἦν 1 Here, Jesus first introduces the **baptism of John** and then asks a question about it. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the word **it** would be redundant in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “From where was the baptism of John” +21:25 w2ok rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάννου 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a kind of **baptism** that was performed by **John**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “The baptism that John performed” +21:25 kp9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάννου 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **baptism**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “When John baptized people” +21:25 r7ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐξ οὐρανοῦ -1 Here, **heaven** represents God because it is where he dwells. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From God … From God” +21:25 th4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἐξ ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “from humans” +21:25 bymp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +21:25 i5ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit παρ’ ἑαυτοῖς 1 Here, the phrase **among themselves** could mean: (1) that the chief priests and elders were **reasoning** with each other. Alternate translation: “with one another” (2) that the chief priests and elders were thinking this without saying it. Alternate translation: “within themselves” +21:25 emhs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” +21:25 vvt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν, διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ? 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within a quotation. Alternate translation: “If we say that it was from heaven, then he will ask us for what reason we did not believe him.” +21:25 seb0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν, διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ 1 Here the chief priests and elders use an imaginary situation to help them decide how to answer the question. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Imagine that we say, ‘From heaven.’ In that case, he will say to us, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’” +21:25 jmg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ? 1 The chief priests and elders expect that Jesus would use the question form to rebuke them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Then you should have believed him.” or “You certainly should have believed him, then!” +21:26 iysl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἐὰν & εἴπωμεν, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, φοβούμεθα τὸν ὄχλον 1 Here the chief priests and elders use an imaginary situation to help them decide how to answer the question. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “imagine that we say, ‘From men.’ In that case, we fear the crowd” +21:26 zxn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐὰν & εἴπωμεν, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “if we say that it was from men,” +21:26 fply rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἐξ ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “From humans” +21:26 vn6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result φοβούμεθα τὸν ὄχλον, πάντες γὰρ ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “the crowd regard John as a prophet, so we fear them all” +21:26 kefe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν ὄχλον 1 Here Matthew implies that the chief priests and elders feared what **the crowd** would do if they answered in this way. They might have rioted or attacked them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what the crowd would do” or “that the crowd might riot” +21:26 hhrn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole πάντες & ἔχουσιν 1 The chief priests and elders say **all** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “most of them regard” +21:27 wv8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces what the chief priests and scribes did as a result of what they said to each other. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the result of an action. Alternate translation: “Therefore,” or “So then,” +21:27 eq25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οὐκ οἴδαμεν 1 The chief priests and elders are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “We do not know where the baptism of John was from” +21:27 ylr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐδὲ ἐγὼ λέγω ὑμῖν 1 With the words **Neither do I tell you**, Jesus is indicating that this is the result of what the Jewish leaders told him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include a word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “Then I will not tell you” or “Well then, neither do I tell you” +21:27 foa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιῶ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. See how you expressed the idea in [21:23](../21/23.md). Alternate translation: “how I am empowered to do these things” +21:27 hibc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα ποιῶ 1 Here, the phrase **these things** refers to what Jesus has done since he arrived in Jerusalem, including driving people out of the temple, healing people, and teaching. See how you translated the similar phrase in [21:23](../21/23.md). Alternate translation: “I teach, heal, and drive people out of the temple” +21:28 awdi rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next topic that Jesus wishes to speak about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,” +21:28 iem2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί & ὑμῖν δοκεῖ? 1 Jesus is using the question form to get the attention of the chief priests and the elders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I want you to pay attention to what I am about to say.” or “listen to this!” +21:28 u56n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ἄνθρωπος εἶχεν τέκνα δύο 1 To teach the chief priests and the elders, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: A man had two children” +21:28 y2an rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῷ πρώτῳ 1 Jesus is using the adjective **first** as a noun to mean the first child. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the first child” +21:28 avgi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ πρώτῳ 1 Here, the word **first** could imply that: (1) this child was the older one. Alternate translation: “the older” (2) this child simply the first one with whom the father spoke. Alternate translation: “the first one he found” +21:28 i25l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τῷ πρώτῳ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “child one” +21:28 qozl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν, τέκνον, ὕπαγε σήμερον, ἐργάζου ἐν τῷ ἀμπελῶνι 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he called him son and told him to go work that day in the vineyard.” +21:28 m89p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ὕπαγε & ἐργάζου 1 Since the man is talking to one of his children, the commands here are singular. +21:28 eetj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ὕπαγε 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “come” +21:29-31 a0l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants οὐ θέλω; ὕστερον δὲ μεταμεληθεὶς, ἀπῆλθεν & ἐγώ, κύριε, καὶ οὐκ ἀπῆλθεν & ὁ πρῶτος. 1 Many ancient manuscripts have the story as the ULT presents it. Some ancient manuscripts tell the story in a different sequence or with different answers to the questions. See the chapter introduction for more information. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. +21:29 y9eg rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what the man’s child said in contrast with what his father told him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In response,” or “In contrast,” +21:29 mnpt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν, οὐ θέλω 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “said that he would not,” +21:29 alwy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ θέλω 1 Here the man’s child means that he **will not** go and work in the vineyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I will not work in the vineyard” +21:29 ub09 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential ὕστερον 1 Here, the word **afterward** introduces something that happened after the man’s child said **I will not**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces something that happened later. Alternate translation: “later that day” +21:29 b96z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom μεταμεληθεὶς 1 Here, the phrase **changed his mind** refers to deciding to do something that one had previously chosen not to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having second thoughts” or “having reconsidered” +21:29 jlpc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπῆλθεν 1 Here Jesus implies that the man’s child **went** to the vineyard and worked there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he went and worked in the vineyard” +21:29 prdj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀπῆλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he came” +21:30 sbk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +21:30 z073 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῷ ἑτέρῳ 1 Jesus is using the adjective **other** as a noun to mean the other child. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the other child” +21:30 mrxi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἶπεν ὡσαύτως 1 Here Jesus means that the man said the same things that he said to the the first child (see [21:28](../21/28.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he said the same thing” or “he told him also to go work in his vineyard” +21:30 ne3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν, ἐγώ, κύριε 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “called him lord and said that he would,” +21:30 cq83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐγώ 1 Here the man’s child means that he **will** go and work in the vineyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I will work in the vineyard” +21:30 jxqd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness κύριε 1 In Jesus’ culture, the word **lord** was a polite way for a child to address a father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that is a polite way to address a father in your culture. Alternate translation: “sir” +21:30 cy4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐκ ἀπῆλθεν 1 Here Jesus implies that the man’s child **did not go** to the vineyard and did not work there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he did not go and work in the vineyard” +21:30 fddh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go οὐκ ἀπῆλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “he did not come” +21:31 ec9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δύο 1 Jesus is using the number **two** as a noun to refer to the two children. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this number with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the two of them” +21:31 glju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πατρός 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **will**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what his father desired” +21:31 f3v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγουσιν & λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said … said” +21:31 pdxl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ὁ πρῶτος 1 The chief priests and the scribes are using the number **first** as a noun to refer to the first child. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this number with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “The first child” +21:31 dt0e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ὁ πρῶτος. 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “Child one” +21:31 l2pc ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell the chief priests and the elders. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” +21:31 v4sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προάγουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ 1 Here Jesus could be implying that: (1) the tax collectors and prostitutes **enter into the kingdom of God** first, and at least some of the chief priests and elders will **enter** later. Alternate translation: “enter into the kingdom of God first, before you do” (2) the tax collectors and prostitutes **enter into the kingdom of God** instead of the chief priests and elders. Alternate translation: “enter into the kingdom of God instead of you” +21:32 djem rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a basis for what Jesus said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “Here is why I say that:” +21:32 a8z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went” +21:32 n2ve rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν ὁδῷ δικαιοσύνης 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in the righteous way” +21:32 cn7o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν ὁδῷ δικαιοσύνης 1 Here Jesus uses the word **way** to refer to behavior in life. More specifically, he could mean that: (1) John lived a life characterized by **righteousness**. Alternate translation: “living righteously” or “behaving in righteous ways” (2) John showed others how to live lives characterized by **righteousness**. Alternate translation: “to show you how to be righteous” 21:32 c5t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ 1 Here, **you** is plural and refers to the religious leaders, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. -21:33 nn9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables 0 To rebuke the religious leaders and illustrate their unbelief, Jesus tells a parable about rebellious servants. -21:33 sx2y οἰκοδεσπότης 1 Alternate translation: “a person who owned a piece of property” -21:33 v39u φραγμὸν 1 Alternate translation: “a wall” or “a fence made of bushes” -21:33 lg79 ὤρυξεν ἐν αὐτῷ ληνὸν 1 Alternate translation: “dug a hole in the vineyard in which to press the grapes” -21:33 eu7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἐξέδετο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς 1 This was an arrangement known as sharecropping. The owner still owned the vineyard, but he allowed the **vine growers** to take care of it. When the grapes became ripe, they were to give some of them to the owner and keep the rest. Be sure that this is clear in your translation if your readers would not be familiar with this kind of arrangement. -21:33 vp8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐξέβαλον ἔξω τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος 1 Jesus likely does not mean that the farmers literally **threw** the son out of the vineyard. It is unlikely that they actually picked him up and heaved him through the air. Alternate translation: “they seized him and forced him out of the vineyard” -21:35 n1cq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ 1 The pronoun **his** refers to the landowner. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the landowner’s servants” -21:40 x1ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 The word **Therefore** indicates that what follows is the result of what has happened in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “As a result” -21:41 ss2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit λέγουσιν αὐτῷ 1 Matthew does not make specify who answered Jesus, but it seems implicitly from the context that it was the chief priests and elders. Alternate translation: “The chief priests and elders replied to Jesus” -21:42 z9tm λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας; παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη, καὶ ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν 1 Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that God will honor the one whom the religious leaders reject. -21:42 x8zh 0 Here Jesus begins to explain the parable of the rebellious servants. -21:42 kk7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 It is unclear to whom Jesus asks the following question. If you need to make **them** explicit, use the same audience as you did in [21:41](../21/41.md). -21:42 me7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς, λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας; παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη, καὶ ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν? 1 Jesus uses a question to make his audience think deeply about what this scripture means. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Think about what you have read in the Scriptures, ‘A stone that the builders rejected, this has become the head of the corner. This was from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes.’” -21:42 mcm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 Jesus is quoting from the Psalms. This is a metaphor that means the religious leaders, like builders, will reject Jesus, but God will make him the most important in his kingdom, like the cornerstone in a building. Since this is a quotation from Scripture, we recommend that you translate the words directly rather than providing a non-figurative explanation of them, even if your language does not customarily use such figures of speech. If you want to explain the meaning of the metaphor, we recommend that you do that in a footnote rather than in the Bible text. -21:42 uid2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “is now the cornerstone” -21:42 b1sr παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη 1 Alternate translation: “The Lord has caused this great change” -21:42 el83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν 1 Here, **in our eyes** refers to seeing. Alternate translation: “it is wonderful to see” -21:43 s93a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom λέγω ὑμῖν 1 This phrase adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” -21:43 c7pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ὑμῖν 1 Here, **you** is plural, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders who had rejected him. -21:43 v89z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἀρθήσεται ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει 1 Here, **kingdom of God** refers to God’s rule as king. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will reject you and he will be king over people from other nations” -21:43 x9nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀρθήσεται ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will take his kingdom away from you and will give it to a nation” -21:43 cm2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς 1 Here, **fruits** is a metaphor for “results” or “outcomes.” Alternate translation: “that produces good results” -21:44 r7up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται 1 Here, **this stone** is the same stone as in [21:42](../21/42.md). This is a metaphor that means the Christ will destroy anyone who rebels against him. Since Jesus is referring here to his earlier quotation from Scripture, we recommend that you translate the words directly rather than providing a non-figurative explanation of them, even if your language does not customarily use such figures of speech. If you want to explain the meaning of the imagery, we recommend that you do that in a footnote rather than in the Bible text. -21:44 e7qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the stone will break into pieces anyone who falls on it” -21:45 gh8w 0 The religious leaders react to the parable that Jesus told. -21:45 qpy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τὰς παραβολὰς αὐτοῦ 1 The pronoun **his** refers to Jesus. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “these parables that Jesus told” +21:32 w855 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οὐ μετεμελήθητε 1 Here, the phrase **change your minds** refers to deciding to do something that one had previously chosen not to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “did not have second thoughts” or “did not reconsider” +21:33 yd4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ἄλλην παραβολὴν ἀκούσατε: ἄνθρωπος ἦν 1 To teach the chief priests and the elders, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this story: There was a man” +21:33 ipgn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants ἄνθρωπος ἦν οἰκοδεσπότης, ὅστις 1 Matthew is using the phrase **There was a man, a landowner** to introduce this person into the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “A man, a landowner,” +21:33 v39u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown φραγμὸν 1 A **hedge** is a thick wall made out of busy plants that were planted close together. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of wall, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a wall made of bushes” or “wall of plants” +21:33 eu7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἐξέδετο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς 1 As the rest of the story shows, the man **rented** the vineyard not for regular cash payments but under an arrangement that entitled him to a share of the crop in exchange for the use of the land. If an arrangement like that would not be familiar to your readers, you could translate this in a way that explains it. Alternate translation: “allowed some farmers to use it in exchange for a share of the crop” +21:34 cm82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +21:34 p5b1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἤγγισεν ὁ καιρὸς τῶν καρπῶν 1 Here, the phrase **the time of the fruits** refers to the time of year when the grape vines produced grapes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it was almost harvest time” or “the grapes were almost ripe” +21:34 rutc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit λαβεῖν τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτοῦ 1 Here the master of the house wants to **receive** the share of the **fruits** that the farmers agreed to pay him when he rented the vineyard to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to receive his portion of the fruit” or “to receive the fruits that they agreed to pay him” +21:34 c0kg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the word **fruits** could refer: (1) directly to the grapes that the vineyard produced. Alternate translation: “his grapes” (2) figuratively to what the farmers made when they sold the grapes. Alternate translation: “his money” +21:34 h8l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns καρποὺς αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the word translated **his** could refer to: (1) the master of the house, who owned the vineyard. Alternate translation: “the fruits that were his” (2) the vineyard. Alternate translation: “its fruits” or “the fruits of the vineyard” +21:35 n1cq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ 1 The pronoun **his** refers to the master of the house. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to him more directly. Alternate translation: “the master of the house’s servants” +21:36 sleh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν πρώτων 1 Jesus is using the number **first** as a noun to mean the servants who were sent first. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the first servants” +21:36 go2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τῶν πρώτων 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the previous ones” +21:36 ezuu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐποίησαν αὐτοῖς ὡσαύτως 1 Here Jesus means that the farmers did the same things to these later servants as they did to the first servants (see [21:35](../21/35.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they did the same things to them” or “they beat, killed, or stoned them too” +21:36 c5rn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἐποίησαν αὐτοῖς 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the farmers, and the pronoun **them** refers to the servants. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the farmers did to the servants” +21:37 dknz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential ὕστερον δὲ 1 Here, the phrase **But afterward** introduces something that happened after the man sent many servants to the farmers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces something that happened later. Alternate translation: “After all that happened” +21:37 q5q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ λέγων, ἐντραπήσονται τὸν υἱόν μου 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these two clauses. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘They will respect my son,’ he sent to them his son.” +21:37 p4qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes λέγων, ἐντραπήσονται τὸν υἱόν μου 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that they would respect his son” +21:37 t79s rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 If you keep the direct quotation, consider natural ways of introducing it in your language. Alternate translation: “and he thought” +21:37 th97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐντραπήσονται τὸν υἱόν μου 1 Here, the man implies that respecting his son would also mean giving him the portion of the fruits that he and the farmers had agreed upon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “They will respect my son and give him my portion of the fruits” +21:38 klel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ δὲ γεωργοὶ ἰδόντες τὸν υἱὸν 1 Here Jesus implies that the son traveled to the vineyard, after which the farmers saw him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Then the son arrived at the vineyard. But the farmers, having seen him” +21:38 qznw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἶπον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ κληρονόμος; δεῦτε, ἀποκτείνωμεν αὐτὸν καὶ σχῶμεν τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “said among themselves that this man was the heir and that they should come and kill him and have his inheritance” +21:38 so0k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 Here, the phrase **among themselves** could mean: (1) that the farmers were speaking with each other. Alternate translation: “to one another” (2) that the farmers were thinking this without saying it. Alternate translation: “within themselves” +21:38 w2w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go δεῦτε 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “Go” instead of **Come**. Alternate translation: “Go” +21:38 ns1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal καὶ 1 Here, the word **and** introduces the purpose for which the farmers plan to **kill** the son. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “in order that we might” +21:38 k4hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ 1 Here the farmers are referring primarily to the vineyard, which would be the son’s **inheritance**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “his inheritance, this vineyard” +21:38 kka8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **inheritance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what he will inherit” +21:39 wzlv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces what the farmers did as a result of what they said to each other. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the result of an action. Alternate translation: “Therefore,” or “So then,”\n +21:40 x1ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces a question that Jesus asks based on the story that he has told. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of question. Alternate translation: “In light of that story” or “Given all that” +21:40 i6zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **lord** who owns **the vineyard**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the lord who owned the vineyard” or “the man whose vineyard it is” +21:40 irlg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔλθῃ 1 Here, the word **comes** indicates that **the lord of the vineyard** returns to the vineyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “returns” or “visits them” +21:41 ss2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns λέγουσιν 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the chief priests and elders. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “The chief priests and elders say” +21:41 muyb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγουσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said” +21:41 cehy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸν ἀμπελῶνα ἐκδώσεται ἄλλοις γεωργοῖς 1 Here the chief priests and elders refer to the same kind of arrangement that Jesus referred to in [21:33](../21/33.md). Express the idea as you did there. Alternate translation: “allow other farmers to use it” +21:41 ywl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν τοῖς καιροῖς αὐτῶν 1 Here, the phrase **in their times** refers to the time of year when the grape vines produced grapes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [21:34](../21/34.md). Alternate translation: “at harvest time” or “when the grapes are ripe” +21:42 npxp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” +21:42 kk7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the chief priests and the elders. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “to the chief priests and elders” +21:42 me7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς, λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας; παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη, καὶ ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke and teach the chief priests and elders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I know that you have read, ‘A stone that the builders rejected, this has become the head of the corner. This came about from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes.’” or “Surely you have read, ‘A stone that the builders rejected, this has become the head of the corner. This came about from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes’!” +21:42 z9tm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς 1 Here Jesus introduces a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Psalms (see [Psalm 118:22–23](../psa/118/22.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “Did you never read in the book of Psalms” or “Have you never read what someone wrote in our Scriptures” +21:42 mcm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 Here the author of the quotation speaks of a person whom others reject as if he were a **stone** that **builders rejected**. He speaks of this person gaining power and respect as if he became **the head of the corner**. Jesus is applying this quotation to himself as the **stone**. However, if possible, preserve the metaphor in your translation, or if necessary you could express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “A person who is like a stone that the builders rejected, that person has become like the head of the corner” +21:42 fgbr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες 1 Here the author of the quotation is referring to the way people in this culture used stones to build the walls of houses and other buildings. In this case, the people do not want to use the **stone** for building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “A stone that the builders thought was not good enough to use for building” +21:42 uid2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 The phrase **the head of the corner** refers to a specific stone that is especially key or important for a structure. It could be a stone at the corner of a wall, a stone at the top of an arch, or another important stone. You could use a term for one of these kinds of stones, or you could refer generally to an important or essential stone. Alternate translation: “the cornerstone” or “the capstone” or “the most important stone” +21:42 b1sr παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη 1 Alternate translation: “The Lord has caused this” +21:42 el83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν 1 Here, **eyes** represents a person’s judgement or evaluation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in our opinion” or “from our perspective” +21:43 u7pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Here, the phrase **For this reason** introduces an inference based on the parable that Jesus has told and the quotation in the previous verse.. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of inference. Alternate translation: “Because of that,” or “Therefore,” +21:43 s93a λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** to emphasize what he is telling the chief priests and elders. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to know” +21:43 yga5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀρθήσεται ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **the kingdom of God** were an object that could **be taken away** and **given**. He means that the ability to be part of God’s kingdom will **be taken away** and **given**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable image or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ability to be in the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and will be given to a nation” or “the kingdom of God will no longer accept you and will accept a nation” +21:43 x9nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀρθήσεται ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ δοθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, it is clear from the context that it will be God. Alternate translation: “God will take away his kingdom from you and give it” +21:43 cm2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς 1 Here, Jesus speaks of how people behave as if they were plants that produced **fruit**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “acting in its ways” or “perform its deeds” +21:43 c7pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς 1 The pronoun **its** refers to **the kingdom of God**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to the kingdom more directly. Alternate translation: “the kingdom’s fruits” +21:43 d8wo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **fruits** that are appropriate for the kingdom. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “fruits appropriate for it” or “fruits that are required for those who are in the kingdom” +21:44 zm4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants καὶ ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται; ἐφ’ ὃν δ’ ἂν πέσῃ, λικμήσει αὐτόν 1 Many ancient manuscripts include this verse. The ULT follows that reading. Some ancient manuscripts do not include this verse. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. +21:44 r7up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται; ἐφ’ ὃν δ’ ἂν πέσῃ, λικμήσει αὐτόν 1 Here Jesus speaks of people who reject a person as if they had **fallen on this stone** and **will be broken to pieces**. He speaks of people whom this person punishes as if the **stone** fell on them and crushed them. Jesus is applying this quotation to himself as the **stone**. However, if possible, preserve the metaphor in your translation, or if necessary you could express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “people who have rejected the person I have mentioned are like people who fall on a stone and are broken to pieces. When the person I have mentioned punishes people, it is like a stone falling on them and crushing them” +21:44 e7qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be the **stone**. Alternate translation: “this stone will break to pieces the one having fallen on it” +21:44 xisg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν λίθον τοῦτον 1 Here, **this stone** is the same stone as in [21:42](../21/42.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “that stone” or “the stone that became the head of the corner” +21:44 xjw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo ἐφ’ ὃν & ἂν πέσῃ, λικμήσει αὐτόν 1 Here, Jesus first introduces on whom the stone **falls** and then state what will happen to that person. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the word **him** would be redundant in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “it will crush whomever it falls on” +21:44 l37p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτόν 1 Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person” +21:45 gh8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he was speaking” +21:46 kv1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ ζητοῦντες αὐτὸν κρατῆσαι, ἐφοβήθησαν τοὺς ὄχλους, ἐπεὶ εἰς προφήτην αὐτὸν εἶχον 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the last clause gives the reason for the result that the second clause describes. Alternate translation: “Now the crowds regarded him as a prophet, so they, seeking to arrest him, were afraid of those crowds” +21:46 ttbo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐφοβήθησαν τοὺς ὄχλους 1 Here Matthew implies that the chief priests and Pharisees did not **seize** Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they did not do so since they feared the crowds” +21:46 i35y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς ὄχλους 1 Here Matthew implies that the chief priests and the Pharisees **feared** what **the crowds** would do if they seized Jesus. They might have rioted or attacked them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what the crowd would do” or “that the crowd might riot” 22:intro k5ze 0 # Matthew 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in verse 44, which is quoted from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wedding Feast\n\nIn the parable of the wedding feast ([Matthew 22:1-14](../22/01.md)), Jesus taught that when God offers to save a person, that person needs to accept the offer. Jesus spoke of life with God as a feast that a king prepared for his son who had just gotten married. In addition, Jesus emphasized that not everyone whom God invites will properly prepare himself to come to the feast. God will throw such people out from the feast.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Implicit information\n\nSpeakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already understand. When the king in the parable says, “My oxen and fattened calves have been killed” ([Matthew 22:4](../mat/22/04.md)), he assumes that the hearers will understand that those who had killed the animals had also cooked them.\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a statement that describes two things that seemingly cannot both be true at the same time. To the Jews, ancestors were greater than their descendants. But in one psalm David calls one of his descendants “Lord.” Jesus tells the Jewish leaders that this is a paradox, asking, “If David then calls the Christ ‘Lord,’ how is he David’s son?” ([22:45](../22/45.md)). 22:2 xps3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **The kingdom of the heavens is like** in [13:24](../13/24.md). 22:3 wur1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τοὺς κεκλημένους 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that the “king” did it. Alternate translation: “the ones whom the king invited”