From 5a1fbdc4506e6df46d4ac22fe02a331f3d612312 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stephen Wunrow Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2024 23:00:07 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Merge stephenwunrow-tc-create-1 into master by stephenwunrow (#3705) --- tn_2TI.tsv | 32 ++++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_2TI.tsv b/tn_2TI.tsv index e79e1d1d88..1f7b2c0bba 100644 --- a/tn_2TI.tsv +++ b/tn_2TI.tsv @@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 1:2 e1cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Paul. Alternate translation: “child whom I love” 1:2 w43q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 After stating his name and the name of the person to whom he is writing, Paul adds a blessing for Timothy. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May you experience grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord” or “I pray that grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord will always be with you” 1:2 p003 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **Grace**, **mercy**, and **peace**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “May you be treated graciously, mercifully, and peacefully by God the Father and by Christ Jesus our Lord” -1:2 ub7c rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ Πατρὸς 1 **Father** is an important title for God the **Father** that describes his relationship with **Jesus**, his Son. +1:2 ub7c rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ Πατρὸς 1 **Father** is an important title for God the **Father** that describes his relationship with **Jesus** his Son. 1:2 dcr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 In this letter, Paul uses the words **our**, “we,” and “us” to refer either to Timothy and himself or else to all believers, which would also include the two of them. So, use the inclusive forms of those words throughout your translation if your language marks that distinction. 1:3 p004 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns χάριν ἔχω 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **gratitude**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I am grateful” or “I am thankful” 1:3 tvb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ᾧ λατρεύω ἀπὸ προγόνων 1 Here Paul means that he serves God in the same way that his **ancestors** did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whom I serve in the way I received from my ancestors” or “whom my ancestors served and I serve as well” -1:3 ha9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει 1 A **conscience** that is **pure** is one that does not convict a person of doing anything wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with a clean conscience” or “with a conscience that is not guilty” +1:3 ha9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει 1 A **conscience** that is **pure** is one that does not convict a person of doing anything wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with a clear conscience” or “with a conscience that is not guilty” 1:3 rz7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὡς ἀδιάλειπτον ἔχω τὴν περὶ σοῦ μνείαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **remembrance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as I remember you constantly” or “as I think about you constantly” -1:3 p005 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σοῦ 1 In this letter, with one exception, the words **you**, “your,” and “yourself” refer to Timothy and are singular. A note will discuss the one exception in [4:22](../04/22.md). +1:3 p005 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σοῦ 1 In this letter, the words **you**, “your,” and “yourself” are singular because they refer to Timothy. There is only one exception. A note will discuss this one exception in [4:22](../04/22.md). 1:3 pa6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας 1 Here the phrase **night and day** indicates that Paul prays during both the night and the day. This means that he was praying very often every day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “during every night and every day” 1:4 p006 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μεμνημένος σου τῶν δακρύων 1 Here Paul implies that Timothy shed **tears** when Paul had to leave Timothy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “remembering your tears when we separated” or “remembering your tears when I said goodbye to you” 1:4 kk82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy σου τῶν δακρύων 1 Here the word **tears** represents the act of shedding **tears**, that is, crying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your weeping” or “your sadness” @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 1:5 p009 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship τῇ μάμμῃ σου 1 Paul does not indicate whether this **grandmother** is the mother of Timothy’s father or mother. If you must specify, the connection with Timothy’s mother might imply that she was the mother of Timothy’s mother. Alternate translation: “your maternal grandmother” 1:5 l8wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Λωΐδι & Εὐνίκῃ 1 The words **Lois** and **Eunice** are the names of women. 1:5 swa6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πέπεισμαι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I am sure” or “I am confident” -1:6 j58k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 Here the phrase **which reason** refers back to the fact of Timothy’s sincere faith (see [1:5](../01/05.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Because of which sincere faith” +1:6 j58k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 Here the phrase **which reason** refers back to the fact of Timothy’s sincere faith (see [1:5](../01/05.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Because of your sincere faith” 1:6 h6eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀναζωπυρεῖν τὸ χάρισμα 1 Here Paul speaks of Timothy’s **gift** as if it were a fire that he needed **to rekindle**. He could mean that: (1) Timothy needs to use his **gift** more than he has in the past. Alternate translation: “to make even more use of the gift” (2) Timothy needs to start using his **gift** again, with the implication being that he has stopped using it consistently. Alternate translation: “to be eager once more to use the gift” 1:6 p010 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ 1 Paul speaks of Timothy as if he were a container that could hold **the gift of God**. He means that Timothy has this gift. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gift of God that you have” 1:6 s6vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ 1 Here Paul implies that this **gift** is a specific ability or skill that **God** had given Timothy for his ministry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the skill that you have as a gift from God” or “the gift of God in you, your special ability,” @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 1:8 hi9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κατὰ δύναμιν Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **power**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as God empowers you” or “which God will make you able to do” 1:9 ld55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy κλήσει ἁγίᾳ 1 Here the phrase **holy calling** could refer to: (1) the result of being called, which is to be **holy**. Alternate translation: “to be holy people” (2) the way in which God called, which is a **holy** way. Alternate translation: “with a holy calling” “by means of a holy calling” 1:9 lmas rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν, τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **works**, **purpose**, or **grace**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “not according to the things we do, but according to what he decided ahead of time and graciously did, which he did for us” -1:9 kyr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν 1 Here the words **purpose** and **grace** could: (1) refer to two separate things **according to** which God saved and called believers. Alternate translation: “according to both his own purpose and his grace” (2) refer to one thing described with two words connected by **and**. This is called hendiadys. Alternate translation: “according to his own gracious purpose” +1:9 kyr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν 1 Here the words **purpose** and **grace** could: (1) refer to two separate things **according to** which God saved and called believers. Alternate translation: “according to both his own purpose and his grace” (2) refer to one thing described with two words connected by **and**. Alternate translation: “according to his own gracious purpose” 1:9 p012 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὴν δοθεῖσαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “which God gave” 1:9 pq1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων 1 Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor **in Christ Jesus** to describe the union of believers with **Christ Jesus**. In this case, being **in Christ Jesus**, or united to Christ, is the only way in which believers are given grace. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that the grace is given to believers as part of their union with **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “before eternal times in union with Christ Jesus” or “before eternal times as part of being united to Christ Jesus” 1:9 zq7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων 1 Here Paul is indicating that God did this **before** God made the world and before time began to be counted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before time began” or “before God made anything” @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 1:13 p016 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὑγιαινόντων λόγων 1 Here, the word **words** represents things spoken using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of healthy statements” or “of healthy declarations” 1:13 p017 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **faith** and **love**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “believing and loving, which you can do in Christ Jesus” 1:13 b2ld rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **in Christ Jesus** could describe: (1) both **faith** and **love**. Alternate translation: “that are both in Christ Jesus” (2) just **love**. Alternate translation: “that is in Christ Jesus” -1:13 ix6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Paul uses the spatial metaphor **in Christ Jesus** to describe the union of believers with Christ. In this case, being **in Christ Jesus**, or united to **Christ Jesus**, explains how Timothy can have **faith** and **love**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that Timothy can have **faith** and **love** as one who has been united to **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “that are in union with Christ Jesus” or “that come from being united to Christ Jesus” +1:13 ix6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Paul uses the spatial metaphor **in Christ Jesus** to describe the union of believers with Christ. In this case, being **in Christ Jesus**, or united to **Christ Jesus**, explains how Timothy can have **faith** and **love**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that Timothy can have **faith** and **love** as one who has been united to **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “that are obtained in union with Christ Jesus” or “that come from being united to Christ Jesus” 1:14 i5g5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν καλὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον 1 Here, the phrase **good deposit** refers to something that has been entrusted to Timothy and that he must **Guard**. More specifically, the **good deposit** is the gospel, which God entrusted to Timothy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “guard the good deposit of the gospel” or “guard the good gospel, which God entrusted to you,” 1:14 a3v2 διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου 1 Alternate translation: “with the help of the Holy Spirit” 1:14 cb5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος ἐν ἡμῖν 1 Here Paul speaks as if believers were buildings and as if the **Holy Spirit** were **dwelling in** them. He means that the Holy Spirit is with believers in a special way and empowers them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is always with us as if he were dwelling in us” or “the one who is with us to give us power” @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 1:18 r54t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **mercy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be treated mercifully by the Lord” 1:18 f3ep rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 Here Paul is referring to the exact moment when Jesus will return to this world, which will also be when he judges everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “on that day when Jesus will return” or “at the final judgment” 1:18 p025 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅσα & διηκόνησεν 1 Here Paul could be implying that Onesiphorus **served**: (1) Paul specifically. Alternate translation: “as much as he served me” (2) believers in general. Alternate translation: “as much as he served believers” -2:intro k3zn 0 # 2 Timothy 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n4. Encouragement to persevere (2:1–13)\n * Paul instructs Timothy in how to serve Jesus (2:1–7)\n * Paul and the gospel he preaches (2:8–10)\n * A trustworthy saying (2:11–13)\n5. Instructions for opposing false teaching (2:14–4:8)\n * Paul instructs Timothy to teach what is right and avoid false teaching (2:14–19)\n * God’s people as a house (2:20–21)\n * Paul explains the traits that should characterize Timothy (2:22–26)\n\nIn [2:11–13](../02/11.md), Paul either quotes a poetic hymn or composes his own poetry. Because these verses are poetry, the ULT sets each line farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to distinguish them from prose. Consider how you might express these verses as poetry in your language.\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### False teaching\n\nIn [2:16–18](../02/16.md), Paul refers to false teaching. He describes the teaching as “profane empty sayings” that lead to ungodliness. He further indicates that the false teaching can spread like an infectious disease and destroy people’s faith in Jesus. Finally, in [2:23](../02/23.md), Paul refers to “foolish and uneducated controversies” that cause debates and divisions within the church. However, Paul writes very little about the content of this false teaching. The only information he gives is that two men who are false teachers say that the resurrection has already happened (see [2:18](../02/18.md)). This could mean that everyone already has their resurrected bodies, that there is only a spiritual resurrection, or that people who are on earth have somehow missed the resurrection. Paul does not give enough information to know which of these options is what the false teachers were saying. So, it is best to refer to the false teaching in very general terms, as Paul does, without including any information that might be implied.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### The three illustrations in [2:4–6](../02/04.md)\n\nIn these three verses, Paul describes a soldier, an athlete, and a farmer. He describes these people as illustrations to show how Timothy should behave as a leader and teacher in the church. Since Paul tells Timothy to think carefully about these illustrations so that he can understand them (see [2:7](../02/07.md)), it is best not to explain the illustrations in your translation. However, if it would be helpful in your language, you could include footnotes that explain what the illustrations might mean. Here are likely interpretations:\n1. The soldier avoids becoming involved in matters of regular life. That way, he can please his commander. In the same way, Timothy should focus on pleasing Jesus. To do so, he will need to avoid becoming involved in many things that most people care about.\n2. The athlete can only be declared the winner if he or she competes according to the rules. In the same way, Timothy must do what God has required. Only then will he successfully lead and teach other believers.\n3. The farmer who works hard should receive a share of the crop before anyone else does. In the same way, if Timothy works hard to serve Jesus, he deserves to receive a reward. This reward could be payment and support from the believers he leads, or it could be the rewards that God will give him at the final judgment.\n\n### A house and the containers in it\n\nIn [2:19–21](../02/19.md), Paul speaks about a house and the containers within it in order to teach Timothy about the church. In [2:19](../02/19.md), Paul indicates that “the firm foundation of God” stands despite the false teachers. The firm foundation could represent the gospel, which is the basis for the church, or it could represent the church itself. In [2:20](../02/20.md), Paul refers to “containers” that are found within “a great house.” The implication is that this “great house” is built on the “firm foundation” and so, represents God’s people, the church. Paul then speaks about the “containers,” some of which are valuable and durable and some of which are cheap and breakable. The valuable and durable containers are used for honorable tasks, while the cheap and breakable containers are used for dishonorable tasks. The valuable and durable containers probably represent people who serve God well, while the cheap and breakable containers probably represent people, including the false teachers, who are failing to serve God well. Then in [2:21](../02/21.md) Paul urges people to cleanse themselves so that they can be like the valuable and durable containers. Since this is an extended metaphor that Paul partly explains in [2:21](../02/21.md), you should preserve the figure of speech in some form. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in This Chapter\n\n### The poetry in [2:11–13](../02/11.md)\n\nIn these verses, Paul either quotes or composes a short work of poetry. Some scholars think that Paul is quoting part of an early hymn. These verses describe the union of believers with Jesus and how Jesus responds when Christians deny and are unfaithful to him. Consider what form your language uses for poetry and for hymns. If possible, express these verses using that form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) +2:intro k3zn 0 # 2 Timothy 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n4. Encouragement to persevere (2:1–13)\n * Paul instructs Timothy in how to serve Jesus (2:1–7)\n * Paul and the gospel he preaches (2:8–10)\n * A trustworthy saying (2:11–13)\n5. Instructions for opposing false teaching (2:14–4:8)\n * Paul instructs Timothy to teach what is right and avoid false teaching (2:14–19)\n * God’s people as a house (2:20–21)\n * Paul explains the traits that should characterize Timothy (2:22–26)\n\nIn [2:11–13](../02/11.md), Paul either quotes a poetic hymn or composes his own poetry. Because these verses are poetry, the ULT sets each line farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to distinguish them from prose. Consider how you might express these verses as poetry in your language.\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### False teaching\n\nIn [2:16–18](../02/16.md), Paul refers to false teaching. He describes the teaching as “profane empty sayings” that lead to ungodliness. He further indicates that the false teaching can spread like an infectious disease and destroy people’s faith in Jesus. Finally, in [2:23](../02/23.md), Paul refers to “foolish and ignorant controversies” that cause debates and divisions within the church. However, Paul writes very little about the content of this false teaching. The only information he gives is that two men who are false teachers say that the resurrection has already happened (see [2:18](../02/18.md)). This could mean that everyone already has their resurrected bodies, that there is only a spiritual resurrection, or that people who are on earth have somehow missed the resurrection. Paul does not give enough information to know which of these options is what the false teachers were saying. So, it is best to refer to the false teaching in very general terms, as Paul does, without including any information that might be implied.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### The three illustrations in [2:4–6](../02/04.md)\n\nIn these three verses, Paul describes a soldier, an athlete, and a farmer. He describes these people as illustrations to show how Timothy should behave as a leader and teacher in the church. Since Paul tells Timothy to think carefully about these illustrations so that he can understand them (see [2:7](../02/07.md)), it is best not to explain the illustrations in your translation. However, if it would be helpful in your language, you could include footnotes that explain what the illustrations might mean. Here are likely interpretations:\n1. The soldier avoids becoming involved in matters of regular life. That way, he can please his commander. In the same way, Timothy should focus on pleasing Jesus. To do so, he will need to avoid becoming involved in many things that most people care about.\n2. The athlete can only be declared the winner if he or she competes according to the rules. In the same way, Timothy must do what God has required. Only then will he successfully lead and teach other believers.\n3. The farmer who works hard should receive a share of the crop before anyone else does. In the same way, if Timothy works hard to serve Jesus, he deserves to receive a reward. This reward could be payment and support from the believers he leads, or it could be the rewards that God will give him at the final judgment.\n\n### A house and the containers in it\n\nIn [2:19–21](../02/19.md), Paul speaks about a house and the containers within it in order to teach Timothy about the church. In [2:19](../02/19.md), Paul indicates that “the firm foundation of God” stands despite the false teachers. The firm foundation could represent the gospel, which is the basis for the church, or it could represent the church itself. In [2:20](../02/20.md), Paul refers to “containers” that are found within “a great house.” The implication is that this “great house” is built on the “firm foundation” and so, represents God’s people, the church. Paul then speaks about the “containers,” some of which are valuable and durable and some of which are cheap and breakable. The valuable and durable containers are used for honorable tasks, while the cheap and breakable containers are used for dishonorable tasks. The valuable and durable containers probably represent people who serve God well, while the cheap and breakable containers probably represent people, including the false teachers, who are failing to serve God well. Then in [2:21](../02/21.md) Paul urges people to cleanse themselves so that they can be like the valuable and durable containers. Since this is an extended metaphor that Paul partly explains in [2:21](../02/21.md), you should preserve the figure of speech in some form. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in This Chapter\n\n### The poetry in [2:11–13](../02/11.md)\n\nIn these verses, Paul either quotes or composes a short work of poetry. Some scholars think that Paul is quoting part of an early hymn. These verses describe the union of believers with Jesus and how Jesus responds when Christians deny and are unfaithful to him. Consider what form your language uses for poetry and for hymns. If possible, express these verses using that form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) 2:1 tajf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result σὺ οὖν 1 Here the word **therefore** could introduce: (1) an inference from [1:15–18](../01/15.md). In this case, Paul wants Timothy to act like Onesiphorus and not like Phygelus and Hermogenes. Alternate translation: “Like those who have not abandoned me, you too” or “In contrast to Phygelus and Hermogenes, you” (2) an inference from most or all of chapter 1. Alternate translation: “Given all that, you” (3) further exhortation to Timothy that is not based on anything specific. Alternate translation: “Now you” 2:1 bll5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τέκνον μου 1 Paul speaks of his close relationship to Timothy as though Timothy were his **child**. Paul means that he is Timothy’s spiritual father, and Paul loves Timothy in the way a father loves his child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who are like a child to me” or “my spiritual son” 2:1 p026 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐνδυναμοῦ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, you could indicate that it is: (1) God. Alternate translation: “let God strengthen you” (2) Timothy himself. Alternate translation: “strengthen yourself” @@ -227,8 +227,8 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 2:22 p068 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 In Paul’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “from a pure mind” or “from pure thoughts” 2:23 tmf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here the word **But** introduces how Timothy should treat **foolish and uneducated controversies** in contrast to how he should “pursue” the good qualities that Paul listed in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” 2:23 f5vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὰς & μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of controversies, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “debating about foolish and ignorant things” -2:23 p069 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους 1 The terms **foolish** and **ignorant** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “very foolish” or “completely uneducated” -2:23 kh6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor γεννῶσι 1 Here Paul speaks of the **controversies** as if they were women giving birth to children, the **battles**. He means that these **controversies** cause the **battles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they cause” +2:23 p069 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους 1 The terms **foolish** and **ignorant** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “very foolish” or “completely ignorant” +2:23 kh6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor γεννῶσι 1 Here Paul speaks of the **controversies** as if they were mothers giving birth to children, the **battles**. He means that these **controversies** cause the **battles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they cause” 2:23 p070 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor μάχας 1 Here Paul speaks of strife and quarrels within a community as if they were **battles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “quarrels that are like battles” or “strife” 2:24 ux2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here the word **But** introduces how **a slave of the Lord** acts in contrast to how the “controversies” that Paul mentioned in the previous verse cause people to act. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” 2:24 u2mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun δοῦλον & Κυρίου 1 The word **slave** represents any person who is a **slave of the Lord**, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “each slave of the Lord” @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 3:2 jb27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit φίλαυτοι 1 Here the phrase **lovers of self** refers people who love themselves more than they love other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “lovers of themselves more than others” or “lovers of themselves most of all” 3:3 ks9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἀφιλάγαθοι 1 Paul is using the adjective **good** as a noun to mean good things and actions. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “not lovers of good things” 3:4 d6ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τετυφωμένοι 1 Here Paul speaks of proud people as if it they were **puffed up** by air. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “conceited” -3:4 p076 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τετυφωμένοι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “proud” or “haughty” +3:4 p076 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τετυφωμένοι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “puffing themselves up” or “haughty” 3:5 aagz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας, τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **godliness** and **power**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “seeming to be godly, but denying how powerful being godly really is” 3:5 k5dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας 1 Here the phrase **a form of godliness** refers to the appearance of **godliness**. In other words, these people appear to be acting in godly ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “seeming to have godliness” or “looking like people characterized by godliness” 3:5 xjxa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν & δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι 1 Here Paul implies that these people refuse to experience and act upon the **power** that comes with real godliness. In other words, they do not actually do what is godly, and they do not allow God to change them so that they become more godly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “refusing to experience its power” or “ignoring the work that it requires” @@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 3:14 r7hw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast σὺ δὲ 1 Here the word **But** introduces how Timothy should behave in contrast to how the false teachers behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces that kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “You, however” or “As for you, though” 3:14 rob2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result μένε ἐν οἷς ἔμαθες καὶ ἐπιστώθης, εἰδὼς παρὰ τίνων ἔμαθες 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “you know from whom you learned what you learned and were convinced of. So, remain in those things, knowing that truth” 3:14 ytg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor μένε ἐν 1 Here Paul speaks as if what Timothy **learned** and was **convinced of** were places in which Timothy could **remain**. He means that Timothy should continue to believe and trust those things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “continue to trust” or “maintain” -3:14 p097 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐπιστώθης 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “were confident about” +3:14 p097 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐπιστώθης 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “trusted in” 3:14 aajp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰδὼς παρὰ τίνων ἔμαθες 1 Here Paul implies that Timothy knows that these people are trustworthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “knowing that the people from whom you learned are trustworthy” 3:15 y8su rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἀπὸ βρέφους 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **childhood**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “since you were an infant” 3:15 p098 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **salvation** and **faith**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “so that you are saved through believing in Christ Jesus” @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 3:17 nb12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the person of God” 3:17 uu7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἄρτιος & πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐξηρτισμένος 1 The terms **complete** and **equipped for every good work** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “fully equipped for every good work” or “fully capable for every good work” 3:17 p099 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐξηρτισμένος 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “having everything he needs” or “one whom God has equipped” -4:intro k2xa 0 # 2 Timothy 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n5. Instructions for opposing false teaching (2:14–4:8)\n * Paul gives a solemn charge to Timothy (4:1–8)\n6. Travel plans and news (4:9–18)\n7. Greetings (4:19–21)\n8. Letter closing (4:22)\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Paul’s situation and his defense\n\nIn this chapter, Paul writes about how many people abandoned him and failed to support him at his “first defense.” These people behaved in that way because Paul had been accused of acting against the Roman Empire. While he was waiting to defend himself at his trial, he was held as a prisoner, almost certainly in the capital of the empire, Rome. By the time he wrote this letter, he had already had his “first defense,” which was the first time he appeared in court to defend himself against the accusations. Paul implies that the judge did not decide what to do with him, so Paul would have to appear in court at least one more time. So, people abandoned Paul because they might also be arrested and accused if they stayed with him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include some of this information in a footnote.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Sports and military metaphors\n\nIn [4:7–8](../04/07.md), Paul speaks as if he were a soldier who has fought well and an athlete who has competed well. Just as athletes in his culture received crowns when they won, so Paul is sure that he will receive a “crown” from Jesus. Paul means that he has persisted in believing in and serving Jesus, even when it was difficult, and he is sure that Jesus will reward him for that. If possible, preserve these metaphors or express the ideas in simile form. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +4:intro k2xa 0 # 2 Timothy 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n5. Instructions for opposing false teaching (2:14–4:8)\n * Paul gives a solemn charge to Timothy (4:1–8)\n6. Travel plans and news (4:9–18)\n7. Greetings (4:19–21)\n8. Letter closing (4:22)\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Paul’s situation and his defense\n\nIn this chapter, Paul writes about how many people abandoned him and failed to support him at his “first defense.” These people behaved in that way because Paul had been accused of acting against the Roman Empire. While he was waiting to defend himself at his trial, he was held as a prisoner, almost certainly in the capital of the empire, Rome. By the time he wrote this letter, he had already had his “first defense,” which was the first time he appeared in court to defend himself against the accusations. Paul implies that the judge did not decide what to do with him, so Paul would have to appear in court at least one more time. So, people abandoned Paul because they might also be arrested and accused if they stayed with him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include some of this information in a footnote.\n\n### Greetings\n\nIn this culture, it was common for those who sent letters to include greetings to and from others in their letters. In this way, many people could greet each other but only send one letter. In 4:19 and 4:21, Paul includes greetings to and from people whom he and the Timothy knew. Express these greetings in a natural form in your language.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Sports and military metaphors\n\nIn [4:7–8](../04/07.md), Paul speaks as if he were a soldier who has fought well and an athlete who has competed well. Just as athletes in his culture received crowns when they won, so Paul is sure that he will receive a “crown” from Jesus. Paul means that he has persisted in believing in and serving Jesus, even when it was difficult, and he is sure that Jesus will reward him for that. If possible, preserve these metaphors or express the ideas in simile form. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:1 eh3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula διαμαρτύρομαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, τοῦ μέλλοντος κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς, καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ 1 Here Paul could be: (1) indicating that **God and Christ Jesus** know and approve what Paul is about to write. Also, he means that he is as sure about what he is about to write as he is sure about Jesus’ **appearing** and **kingdom**. Alternate translation: “God and Christ Jesus, the one being about to judge living and dead, hear and approve when I declare by his appearing and kingdom” or “What I declare is approved by God and Christ Jesus, the one being about to judge living and dead, and I am as sure about it as I am sure about his appearing and his kingdom” (2) putting Timothy under oath, making him swear by **God** and **Christ Jesus**, that he will do what Paul is about to write. Also, he wants Timothy to be as sure about doing what Paul is about to write as Timothy is sure about Jesus’ **appearing** and **kingdom**. Alternate translation: “I make you swear before God and Christ Jesus, the one being about to judge living and dead, and as you think about his appearing and his kingdom” or “I require that you solemnly promise God and Christ Jesus, the one being about to judge living and dead, that you will do what I am about to write, and I want you to guarantee it as much as Jesus’ appearing and kingdom are guaranteed” 4:1 p100 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς 1 Paul is using the adjectives **living** and **dead** as nouns to mean people who are living and people who are dead. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “those who are still alive and those who are dead” 4:1 z1uq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **and by his appearing**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “according to his appearing.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 4:8 ujg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀπόκειταί & ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God is reserving the crown of righteousness” 4:8 t7hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος 1 Here Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **crown** that could be: (1) the reward for his **righteousness**. Alternate translation: “the crown given to the righteous” or “the crown that is received because of righteousness” (2) **righteousness** itself. In this case, God rewards people by declaring them righteous. Alternate translation: “the crown that is righteousness” 4:8 hg8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος 1 Here Paul describes the reward that he expects to receive as if it were **the crown** that athletes in his culture received when they won an event. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what God will give me to honor me, which is like a crown of righteousness,” or “what God will give me to honor me” -4:8 n3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 Here Paul is referring to the exact moment when Jesus will return to this world, which will also be the end of the current time period; it will begin the time when Jesus judges everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you expressed the similar phrase in [1:12](../01/12.md). Alternate translation: “on that day when Jesus will return” or “at his second coming” +4:8 n3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 Here Paul is referring to the exact moment when Jesus will return to this world, which will also be the end of the current time period. This will be the time when Jesus judges everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you expressed the similar phrase in [1:12](../01/12.md). Alternate translation: “on that day when Jesus will return” or “at his second coming” 4:8 dvqk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οὐ μόνον δὲ ἐμοὶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς 1 Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he will not give it to me only, but he will also give it to all the ones” 4:8 uh88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πᾶσιν τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ 1 Here the phrase **having loved his appearing** indicates that these people care about, long for, and rejoice at **his appearing**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to all the ones looking forward to his appearing” or “to all the ones who care about his appearing” 4:8 p109 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ 1 Here the phrase **his appearing** refers to when Jesus will come back to this world, which is when he will act as a **judge**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you expressed this phrase in [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “his second coming” or “his return” @@ -417,13 +417,13 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 4:17 p114 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐρύσθην 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God rescued me” 4:18 jsp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ᾧ ἡ δόξα 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “May people glorify him” 4:18 p115 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων 1 Here the phrase **forever {and} ever** identifies an action that will never end, and it strongly emphasizes that it will never end. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that emphasizes that an action will never end. Alternate translation: “without ever ceasing” or “from now on and always” -4:19 tasz ἄσπασαι 1 As was customary in his culture, near the end of his letter, Paul asks Timothy to extend greetings for him to other people that both he and the Timothy know. Your language may have a particular way of sharing greetings in a letter. If so, you could use that form here. Alternate translation: “Remember me to” or “Give my regards to” +4:19 tasz ἄσπασαι 1 Here Paul asks Timothy to extend greetings for him to other people that both he and the Timothy know. See the chapter introduction for more information. 4:19 mef8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ὀνησιφόρου 1 **Onesiphorus** is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [1:16](../01/16.md). 4:20 lie9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἔραστος & Τρόφιμον 1 The words **Erastus** and **Trophimus** are the names of men. 4:20 wp9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Μιλήτῳ 1 The name **Miletus** is the name of a city on the western coast of what is now Turkey, south of Ephesus. 4:21 cvc7 σπούδασον & ἐλθεῖν 1 Alternate translation: “Do your best to come” 4:21 eh95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πρὸ χειμῶνος 1 Where Paul and Timothy lived, **winter** is the time of year when it is cold and travel is difficult. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a term for a season in which it would be difficult to travel, or you could translate winter with a general expression. Alternate translation: “before the rainy season” or “before the cold season” -4:21 dgqi ἀσπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λίνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ 1 As was customary in his culture, near the end of his letter, Paul extends greetings from people who are with him and who know the person to whom he is writing, Timothy. Your language may have a particular way of sharing greetings in a letter. If so, you could use that form here. Alternate translation: “Eubulus asks to be remembered to you, and Pudens and Linus and Claudia and the brothers” or “Eubulus and Pudens and Linus and Claudia and the brothers send their regards” +4:21 dgqi ἀσπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λίνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ 1 Here Paul extends greetings from people who are with him and who know the person to whom he is writing, Timothy. See the chapter introduction for more information. 4:21 z1j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀσπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λίνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ 1 Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Eubulus greets you, and so do Pudens and Linus and Claudia and the brothers” 4:21 p7px rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Εὔβουλος & Πούδης & Λίνος 1 The words **Eubulus**, **Pudens**, and **Linus** are the names of three men. 4:21 er77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Κλαυδία 1 The word **Claudia** is the name of a woman. @@ -436,4 +436,4 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc 4:22 p120 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν 1 As was customary in his culture, Paul closes his letter with a blessing for Timothy and the believers with him. He implies that the **Grace** is from God. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness from God within you” or “I pray that you will have grace from God” 4:22 iefg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **grace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “May God act graciously toward you” 4:22 k85y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ὑμῶν 1 Because Paul gives this blessing to Timothy and all the believers who are with him, this is the only place in the letter where **you** is plural. -4:22 t7vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants ὑμῶν 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **you**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “you. Amen.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. +4:22 t7vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants ὑμῶν 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **you**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “you. Amen.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. \ No newline at end of file