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@ -3,31 +3,25 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
1:intro qki3 0 # Zechariah 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written in prose mainly with imagery used throughout to portray Zechariah’s vision given by the Lord.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set lines 1:3–6, 14–17, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nThis book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah, so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Date\n\nZechariah uses two separate dates in this first chapter. When compared to the book of Haggai, Zechariah’s prophecy was proclaimed just a few weeks after Haggai. However, they prophesied in two different places: Haggai was in Jerusalem and Zechariah was somewhere outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
1:1 if96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths In the eighth month 0 This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1:1 fpf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the second year of Darius’ reign 0 “the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “the second year since Darius became king”
1:1 qr9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message”
1:1 e6fd Yahweh 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
1:1 ge9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Berechiah … Iddo 0 These are the names of men.
1:2 huv9 exceedingly angry with your fathers 0 Alternate translation: “very angry with your forefathers”
1:3 wv9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Turn to me … and I will return to you 0 Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude toward another person as if it were turning or returning. The people turning to Yahweh means that they will again be devoted to him and worship him, while Yahweh returning to the people means that he will again bless them and help them.
1:3 ymr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared”
1:4 le2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Turn from your evil ways and wicked practices 0 No longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. The phrases “evil ways” and “wicked practices” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Stop doing all of your wicked actions” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1:4 g1te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
1:4 le2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Turn from your evil ways and wicked practices 0 No longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. Alternate translation: “Stop doing all of your wicked actions”
1:5 tk3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Your fathers, where are they? Where are the prophets, are they here forever? 0 These two rhetorical questions emphasize that both their ancestors and the prophets who proclaimed Yahweh’s message to their ancestors have died. The questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Neither your fathers nor the prophets are here because they have all died.”
1:6 b2ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. Yahweh speaks of the people’s ancestors experiencing the consequences of not obeying Yahweh’s commands as if his words and decrees were a person who had chased after and overtaken them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets have overtaken your fathers.” or “But your fathers have suffered the consequences for disobeying my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets to tell them.”
1:6 p786 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet my words and my decrees 0 These phrases are both ways to refer to Yahweh’s message that the prophets had declared to their ancestors.
1:6 pc8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet our ways and actions 0 The words “ways” and “actions” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “our behavior”
1:7 kav5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat 0 “Shebat” is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:7 kav5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat 0 “Shebat” is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars.
1:7 epb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the second year of Darius’ reign 0 “in the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “in the second year since Darius became king.” See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md).
1:7 al5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message”
1:7 li5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Berechiah … Iddo 0 These are the names of men.
1:8 rsm4 look 0 The word “look” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
1:8 fg97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown myrtle trees 0 a kind of small tree with colorful flowers
1:9 rb9l I said, “What are these things, Lord?” Then the angel who talked with me 0 Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the “man” who was “riding on a red horse.”
1:9 l5k2 What are these things, Lord? 0 “What are these things, sir?” Here the word “Lord” is a form of polite address.
1:10 uiv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the man who stood among the myrtle trees 0 These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees”
1:10 m3qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit These are those 0 The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:10 paz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to roam throughout the earth 0 It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost.
1:11 p8ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees 0 This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees”
1:11 vum3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They answered … they said 0 The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:11 z1nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all the earth sits still and is at rest 0 There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. This could mean: (1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or (2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them.
1:12 hd8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah 0 Here the words “Jerusalem” and “cities” refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah”
1:13 ea77 with good words, words of comfort 0 Alternate translation: “with good, comforting words”
@ -35,21 +29,21 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
1:15 z4b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I am very angry with the nations that are at ease 0 The phrase “at ease” means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security”
1:15 vt8i I was only a little angry with them 0 Alternate translation: “I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem”
1:15 ml6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they made the disaster worse 0 “the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do.
1:16 irm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies 0 This could mean: (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem”
1:16 mlv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My house will be built within her 0 The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:16 qz6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem 0 This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:16 irm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies 0 Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem”
1:16 mlv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My house will be built within her 0 The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem”
1:16 qz6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem 0 This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem”
1:17 xwc5 Again call out, saying 0 The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.
1:17 c5zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My cities will once again overflow with goodness 0 The phrase “my cities” refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. Alternate translation: “My cities will once again be prosperous” or “The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:17 c5zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My cities will once again overflow with goodness 0 The phrase “my cities” refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “My cities will once again be prosperous”
1:17 e1cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh will again comfort Zion 0 Here the word “Zion” refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion”
1:18 fb8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I lifted up my eyes 0 The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up”
1:19 p1kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem 0 Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Here they symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The words “Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” represent the people who lived in those places. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:19 p1kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem 0 Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem”
1:20 a61d four craftsmen 0 Alternate translation: “blacksmiths” or “metalworkers”
1:21 y3z5 these people 0 This refers to the four craftsmen.
1:21 k412 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage These are the horns that scattered Judah 0 The horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The word “Judah” represents the people who lived in Judah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:21 k412 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage These are the horns that scattered Judah 0 The horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah”
1:21 zd7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so that no man would lift up his head 0 The nations oppressing the people of Judah severely is spoken of as if no person in Judah was able to raise his head. Alternate translation: “and caused them to suffer greatly”
1:21 gm5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of Judah 0 Yahweh speaks of the nations using their military power to conquer Judah as if the nations had lifted up their horns. He speaks of these four craftsmen destroying the military power of these nations as if the craftsmen threw those horns to the ground. Alternate translation: “to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah”
1:21 q7u9 to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn 0 Alternate translation: “to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up”
2:intro j9a8 0 # Zechariah 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah’s third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 2:4–13, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nThis book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### “This is Yahweh’s declaration”\nThis phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UST often translates this as “Yahweh says.”
2:intro j9a8 0 # Zechariah 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah’s third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 2:4–13, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nThis book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language.\n
2:1 u35h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I lifted up my eyes 0 The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up”
2:1 dn7b measuring line 0 a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land
2:2 eb3u So he said to me 0 Alternate translation: “So the man with the measuring line said to me”
@ -64,14 +58,14 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
2:8 uv6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for whoever touches you 0 The word “touches” refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate translation: “for whoever harms you”
2:9 w4b5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I myself will shake my hand over them 0 Raising one’s hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I myself will fight against them” or “I myself will attack them”
2:9 q7li they will be plunder for their slaves 0 The word “plunder” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “their slaves will plunder them”
2:10 n5lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Sing for joy, daughter of Zion 0 “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. This could mean: (1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or (2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:10 n5lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Sing for joy, daughter of Zion 0 “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion”
2:10 ph8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
2:11 h8g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor great nations will join themselves to Yahweh 0 Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh’s people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:11 h8g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor great nations will join themselves to Yahweh 0 Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh’s people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh”
2:11 glg2 in that day 0 Alternate translation: “at that time”
2:11 bu8a I will encamp in the midst of you 0 Alternate translation: “I will live among you”
2:12 e1sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh will inherit Judah as his rightful possession 0 Zechariah speaks of Yahweh claiming Judah as his own land as if Judah were something that Yahweh inherits as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will claim Judah as his rightful possession”
2:13 f45h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all flesh 0 Here the word “flesh” represents all humanity. Alternate translation: “all people”
2:13 p2lb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he has been roused 0 Zechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. It is implied that this action refers to his returning to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “he is coming” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:13 p2lb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he has been roused 0 Zechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. Alternate translation: “he is coming”
2:13 dh6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from out of his holy place 0 Here “his holy place” refers to heaven, and not to the temple in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from his holy place in heaven”
3:intro gw6m 0 # Zechariah 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 3:7–9, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Difficult concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nIt is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### The high priest\n\nThis chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
3:1 l2ct 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh shows Zechariah a vision of Joshua the priest.
@ -86,9 +80,9 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
3:5 d1b9 Let them put 0 Here the word “them” refers to the other angels who were present.
3:5 d26a turban 0 a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head
3:6 v18s solemnly commanded Joshua 0 Alternate translation: “commanded Joshua in a very serious manner”
3:7 l5ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahweh’s paths. Alternate translation: “If you will obey me and keep my commandments” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:7 l5ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “If you will obey me and keep my commandments”
3:7 x34k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will govern my house and guard my courts 0 Here the word “house” is a metonym for the temple, while the word “courts” refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. Alternate translation: “you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards”
3:7 mwk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to go and come among these who stand before me 0 The phrase “to go and come among” is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to come before me as these who stand here do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:7 mwk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to go and come among these who stand before me 0 The phrase “to go and come among” is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to come before me as these who stand here do”
3:8 jym9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit your companions who live with you 0 This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. Alternate translation: “the other priests who live with you”
3:8 hp4q For these men are a sign 0 Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special meaning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of the priests serving in the temple as being this sign that shows that Yahweh will bring his servant.
3:8 v7at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my servant the Branch 0 The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language.
@ -105,7 +99,7 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
4:6 gn9k Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
4:6 y1pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Not by might nor by power 0 Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate translation: “You will not succeed by might nor by power”
4:6 wt9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Not by might nor by power 0 This could mean: (1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel’s strength or (2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabel’s physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power”
4:7 abe2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain 0 This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabel’s success. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain” or “Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4:7 abe2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain 0 This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain”
4:7 k6l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he will bring out the top stone 0 The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate translation: “he will bring out the top stone of the temple” or “he will complete the construction of the temple”
4:7 cbj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to shouts of ‘Grace! Grace to it!’ 0 This could mean: (1) the word “grace” refers to God’s grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or (2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘Beautiful! It is beautiful!’”
4:8 j4n7 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
@ -116,7 +110,7 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
4:10 a9tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the day of small things 0 “the time of small things.” This phrase refers to the time when the people were building the temple and appeared to be making little progress. Alternate translation: “the time when progress was slow”
4:10 t9lp plumb stone 0 This refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight.
4:10 ym4q These seven lamps 0 This phrase refers to the lamps that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2–3](./02.md).
4:10 xm5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth 0 The seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. The angel speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens on the earth as if his eyes roamed over the whole earth. Alternate translation: “These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:10 xm5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth 0 The seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth”
4:11 ac36 these two olive trees 0 This refers to the olive trees that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2–3](./02.md).
4:12 t7zp What are these two olive branches 0 Here Zechariah changes his question and asks about branches that are connected to the two olive trees.
4:12 brf2 the two gold pipes 0 These pipes were not mentioned in the previous description of Zechariah’s vision. It is possible that they are connected to the bowl on top of the lampstand and provide the oil with which the lampstand burns.
@ -131,14 +125,13 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
5:1 ynu9 behold 0 The word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
5:2 gh1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide 0 A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide”
5:3 lv5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This is the curse 0 The word “this” refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: “On this scroll is the curse”
5:3 mys3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that goes out over the surface of the whole land 0 The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:3 iha6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor every thief will be cut off … everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off 0 Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:3 mys3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that goes out over the surface of the whole land 0 The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land”
5:3 iha6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor every thief will be cut off … everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off 0 Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath”
5:3 pu8h what it says on the one side … what it says on the other side 0 Alternate translation: “what the scroll says on one side … what the scroll says on the other side”
5:4 jt2j I will send it out 0 Alternate translation: “I will send out the curse”
5:4 alf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared”
5:4 y2v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor consume its timber and stones 0 The curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. Alternate translation: “destroy its wood and stones” or “completely destroy it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:4 y2v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor consume its timber and stones 0 The curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. Alternate translation: “destroy its wood and stones”
5:5 j4s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Raise your eyes 0 The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “Look up”
5:6 mb23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming 0 An “ephah” is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. Alternate translation: “This is a measuring basket that is coming” or “This is a large container that is coming” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:6 mb23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming 0 An “ephah” is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Alternate translation: “This is a measuring basket that is coming”
5:6 bcy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage This is their iniquity in the whole land 0 The basket symbolizes the people’s iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. Alternate translation: “This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land”
5:7 un6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a lead covering was lifted off the basket 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket”
5:7 nn4h there was a woman under it sitting in it 0 Alternate translation: “there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket”
@ -147,11 +140,11 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
5:9 zcp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I lifted my eyes 0 Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “I looked up”
5:9 mt2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom wind was in their wings 0 This idiom means that they were flying. Alternate translation: “they were flying”
5:9 gde6 they had wings like a stork’s wings 0 A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the women’s wings with the size of the stork’s wings.
5:9 xf59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven 0 The words “earth” and “heaven” form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: “They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:9 xf59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven 0 The words “earth” and “heaven” form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: “They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away”
5:11 dyi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis To build a temple in the land of Shinar for it 0 The ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it”
5:11 un6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the basket will be set there 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will set the basket there”
5:11 gtm8 on its prepared base 0 The words “prepared base” refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket.
6:intro z96r 0 # Zechariah 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 6:12–13.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Crown\n\nThe second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word “branch” should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Meaning of the visions\n\nThe visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
6:intro z96r 0 # Zechariah 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 6:12–13.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Meaning of the visions\n\nThe visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
6:1 wvi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche lifted my eyes 0 Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “looked up”
6:1 zj81 between two mountains; and the two mountains were made of bronze 0 Since the second phrase describes the mountains in the first phrase, the two phrases may be combined. Alternate translation: “between two bronze mountains”
6:2 tw1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The first chariot had red horses 0 It is implicit that the horses were pulling the chariots. Alternate translation: “The first chariot had red horses pulling it” or “Red horses were pulling the first chariot”
@ -162,8 +155,6 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
6:6 g5r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the white horses are … the spotted gray horses are 0 Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. Alternate translation: “the chariot with the white horses is … the chariot with the spotted gray horses is”
6:8 ny4a he called out to me 0 Alternate translation: “the angel called out to me”
6:8 n3x1 Look at the ones 0 Alternate translation: “Look at the black horses”
6:8 c7ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they will appease my spirit concerning the north country 0 The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahweh’s spirit.” This could mean: (1) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or (2) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh’s blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country”
6:9 jej6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to me, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me”
6:10 fez9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah 0 These are the names of men.
6:10 m87p this same day 0 Alternate translation: “today”
6:11 f66i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehozadak 0 This is the name of a man.
@ -172,28 +163,23 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
6:12 ihw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his name is Branch 0 The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md).
6:12 w53q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will grow up where he is 0 The phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple.
6:13 lm52 He will be a priest on his throne 0 This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
6:13 uyq6 he will bear a counsel of peace between the two 0 The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
6:14 ea75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The crown will given 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown”
6:14 xn98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah … Hen 0 These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](../06/10.md).
6:14 f3px for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial 0 Some modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.”
6:15 e6jp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit those who are far off 0 This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon.
6:15 u2bz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you so you will know 0 The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel.
6:15 zqz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy truly listen to the voice of Yahweh your God 0 Here to “listen” means to obey and the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Alternate translation: “truly obey what Yahweh your God says”
7:intro meb2 0 # Zechariah 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:4–14, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Fasting\n\nThis chapter discusses fasting. People were asking the same questions as those from previous generations. The Israelites were asking these same questions before they were exiled from their land.
7:intro meb2 0 # Zechariah 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:4–14, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n
7:1 v1rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal on the fourth day 0 “on day 4”
7:1 vut4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths Kislev (which was the ninth month) 0 “Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7:1 t9mu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah”
7:1 vut4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths Kislev (which was the ninth month) 0 “Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars.
7:2 sb2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sharezer and Regem-Melek 0 These are the names of men.
7:2 y9hy beg 0 Here the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
7:2 b1wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy before the face of Yahweh 0 Here “face” is a metonym for Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh”
7:3 kg2p They spoke … they said 0 The word “they” refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek.
7:3 ty6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal Should I mourn in the fifth month 0 “Should I mourn in month 5.” The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
7:3 i8ej by means of a fast 0 Alternate translation: “by fasting”
7:4 g84y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me”
7:5 wdh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the fifth and in the seventh month 0 “in months 5 and 7”
7:5 v5v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis in the fifth 0 The word “month” can be supplied in translation. Alternate translation: “in the fifth month”
7:5 tfh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the seventh month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
7:5 d7zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for these seventy years 0 The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7:5 tfh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the seventh month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah.
7:5 d7zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for these seventy years 0 The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years.
7:5 n3dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion were you truly fasting for me? 0 This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you were not really fasting for me.”
7:6 p43p When you ate and drank 0 This could mean: (1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or (2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting.
7:6 ax5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion did you not eat and drink for yourselves? 0 This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was for yourselves that you ate and drank.”
@ -201,7 +187,6 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
7:7 dqw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the mouth of the former prophets 0 Here “mouth” is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. Alternate translation: “by the words of the former prophets” or “through the former prophets”
7:7 n812 you still inhabited Jerusalem 0 Alternate translation: “you still lived in Jerusalem”
7:7 vp7q foothills 0 hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
7:8 jsk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah”
7:9 v17g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Judge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy 0 The abstract nouns “justice,” “faithfulness,” and “mercy” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful”
7:9 k9pm Let each man do this 0 The word “this” refers to how a person should judge.
7:10 b2r9 widow 0 a woman whose husband has died
@ -210,14 +195,13 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
7:10 jdb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy let none of you plot any harm against another in your heart 0 Here “heart” represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: “you must not make plans to do evil”
7:11 l8vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor set their shoulders stubbornly 0 This is an image of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. This metaphor represents the people being stubborn. Alternate translation: “became stubborn”
7:11 if1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They stopped up their ears so they would not hear 0 This is an image of people putting something into their ears so they would not hear the message from Yahweh. This metaphor represents the people not being willing to hear and obey. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen”
7:12 ieh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts 0 The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Here the heart represents the will of a person. Alternate translation: “They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts”
7:12 ieh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts 0 The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Alternate translation: “They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts”
7:12 j76s in earlier times 0 Alternate translation: “in the past”
7:12 z4q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the mouth of the prophets 0 Here the “mouth of the prophets” is a metonym for the words that the prophets speak. Alternate translation: “through the words of the prophets”
7:14 hga8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will scatter them with a whirlwind 0 Yahweh speaks of how he will scatter the people as if a whirlwind were scattering everything in its path. Alternate translation: “I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters things”
7:14 x4q6 whirlwind 0 a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
7:14 c1xg delightful land 0 Alternate translation: “pleasant land” or “fruitful land”
8:intro uri7 0 # Zechariah 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])
8:1 eh47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying”
8:2 rx8t I am passionate for Zion 0 Alternate translation: “I have a strong desire to protect Zion”
8:2 vc1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for Zion 0 Here “Zion” represents the people of Zion. Alternate translation: “for the people of Zion” or “for the people of Jerusalem”
8:2 w6qx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit with great anger 0 The implied information is that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. Alternate translation: “with great anger against her enemies”
@ -228,9 +212,8 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
8:6 n3ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor If something seems impossible in the eyes of 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If something does not appear to be possible to”
8:6 d5cx the remnant of this people 0 Alternate translation: “the people of Judah who survive”
8:6 c478 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in my eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “to me”
8:6 kp58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
8:7 f4bz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I am about to rescue my people 0 The implied information is that the people are in exile. “I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile”
8:7 x6hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun 0 This could mean: (1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or (2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction”
8:7 x6hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun 0 This is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction”
8:8 bcy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will be their God in truth and in righteousness 0 This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns “truth” and “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner”
8:9 h94j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Strengthen your hands 0 This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous”
8:10 h2cs For before those days 0 Here “those days” refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple.
@ -241,13 +224,11 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
8:11 cg9b But now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people 0 Alternate translation: “But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days”
8:11 pcv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in former days 0 “in the past.” The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple.
8:11 k5pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remnant of this people 0 The implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. Alternate translation: “the people who returned from exile”
8:11 ec3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared”
8:12 sdy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive seeds of peace will be sown 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the people will safely sow seed”
8:12 nk96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dew 0 The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed.
8:12 gq8d inherit all these things 0 Alternate translation: “to have all these things”
8:13 y21m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You were an example to the other nations of a curse 0 The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people”
8:13 mk9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Judah and house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Judah and Israel”
8:13 sqv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will be a blessing 0 This could mean: (1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or (2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or (3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things”
8:13 msq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom let your hands be strong 0 This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “be strong and courageous”
8:13 v8du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Judah and house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah”
8:14 z32e do harm to you 0 Alternate translation: “punish you”
@ -259,13 +240,11 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
8:16 m4ld his neighbor 0 Here “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
8:16 u5kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other”
8:16 k4ez rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in your gates 0 The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment”
8:17 l5wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
8:18 u3xt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying”
8:18 uuz1 came to me 0 Here “me” refers to Zechariah.
8:19 hr3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month 0 “The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10”
8:19 x9kp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The fasts of the fourth month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
8:19 je6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the fifth month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
8:19 h4zn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the seventh month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:5](../07/05.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
8:19 x9kp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The fasts of the fourth month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem.
8:19 je6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the fifth month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem.
8:19 h4zn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the seventh month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah.
8:19 qk5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the tenth month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
8:19 v6ls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns times of joy, gladness, and happy festivals 0 The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “joyful and glad times, with happy festivals”
8:19 vyd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah”
@ -279,9 +258,9 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
8:23 vw6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit will grasp the hem of your robe 0 The implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. Alternate translation: “will grasp the hem of your robe to get your attention”
8:23 ed1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Let us go with you 0 The implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Let us go to Jerusalem with you”
8:23 wc2l God is with you 0 Alternate translation: “God is with you people”
9:intro lyp2 0 # Zechariah 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 9:9–10.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Prophecies against other nations\n\nThe first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
9:intro lyp2 0 # Zechariah 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 9:9–10.\n
9:1 gn78 This is a declaration of Yahweh’s word concerning 0 Alternate translation: “This is Yahweh’s message about”
9:1 fjj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land of Hadrak and Damascus 0 Here “Hadrak” and “Damascus” refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:1 fjj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land of Hadrak and Damascus 0 Here “Hadrak” and “Damascus” refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus”
9:1 xk5a Hadrak 0 The location of Hadrak is unknown today.
9:1 q7lh its resting place 0 Alternate translation: “the resting place of the people of Hadrak”
9:1 fi2z for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh 0 Some versions translate this as “for Yahweh’s eye is on all mankind and on the tribes of Israel.”
@ -303,7 +282,7 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
9:8 lp3e for now 0 Alternate translation: “For at that time”
9:8 gnt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I see with my own eyes 0 Here “my own eyes” represent Yahweh’s personal attention. Alternate translation: “I will personally watch over my land”
9:9 iqk3 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9–13.
9:9 u6p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Shout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem! 0 These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
9:9 u6p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Shout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem! 0 These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice.
9:9 apz5 daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem 0 “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. See how you translated “daughter of Zion” in [Zechariah 2:10](../02/10.md).
9:9 sey9 Behold! 0 This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the surprising statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!” or “Here is a surprising fact!”
9:9 ke7v Your king is coming to you with righteousness and is rescuing you 0 Alternate translation: “Your king is righteous and is coming to rescue you”
@ -321,7 +300,7 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
9:12 v54r prisoners of hope 0 This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. Alternate translation: “prisoners who still hope in Yahweh”
9:12 xt6s return double to you 0 Alternate translation: “return to you twice as much as was taken from you”
9:13 sjg3 Zion 0 This refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
9:13 mwe7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have bent Judah as my bow 0 The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Here “Judah” refers to the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:13 mwe7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have bent Judah as my bow 0 The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow”
9:13 ki73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor filled my quiver with Ephraim 0 Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier’s arrows.
9:13 es7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece 0 God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time.
9:14 h8w9 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 14–16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
@ -333,7 +312,7 @@ front:intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
9:15 l59u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will devour 0 To completely defeat enemies is spoken of as devouring them as a wild animal eats its prey. Alternate translation: “will completely defeat”
9:15 fq6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy defeat the stones of the slings 0 Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the “stones of the slings” represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. Alternate translation: “defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones”
9:15 ure5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine 0 The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. Alternate translation: “Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk”
9:15 t8ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they will be filled with wine like bowls 0 This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal’s blood to the altar. Alternate translation: “they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:15 t8ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they will be filled with wine like bowls 0 This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal’s blood to the altar. Alternate translation: “they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar”
9:15 h8j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like the corners of the altar 0 Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: “they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:16 t4gy 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 14–16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
9:16 i4qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile God will rescue them … as the flock of his people 0 The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God’s sheep that he cares for and protects.

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
3 1:intro qki3 0 # Zechariah 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written in prose mainly with imagery used throughout to portray Zechariah’s vision given by the Lord.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set lines 1:3–6, 14–17, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nThis book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah, so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Date\n\nZechariah uses two separate dates in this first chapter. When compared to the book of Haggai, Zechariah’s prophecy was proclaimed just a few weeks after Haggai. However, they prophesied in two different places: Haggai was in Jerusalem and Zechariah was somewhere outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
4 1:1 if96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths In the eighth month 0 This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5 1:1 fpf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the second year of Darius’ reign 0 “the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “the second year since Darius became king”
1:1 qr9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message”
6 1:1 e6fd Yahweh 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
7 1:1 ge9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Berechiah … Iddo 0 These are the names of men.
8 1:2 huv9 exceedingly angry with your fathers 0 Alternate translation: “very angry with your forefathers”
9 1:3 wv9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Turn to me … and I will return to you 0 Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude toward another person as if it were turning or returning. The people turning to Yahweh means that they will again be devoted to him and worship him, while Yahweh returning to the people means that he will again bless them and help them.
10 1:3 1:4 ymr9 le2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Turn from your evil ways and wicked practices 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” No longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. Alternate translation: “Stop doing all of your wicked actions”
1:4 le2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Turn from your evil ways and wicked practices 0 No longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. The phrases “evil ways” and “wicked practices” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Stop doing all of your wicked actions” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1:4 g1te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
11 1:5 tk3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Your fathers, where are they? Where are the prophets, are they here forever? 0 These two rhetorical questions emphasize that both their ancestors and the prophets who proclaimed Yahweh’s message to their ancestors have died. The questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Neither your fathers nor the prophets are here because they have all died.”
12 1:6 b2ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. Yahweh speaks of the people’s ancestors experiencing the consequences of not obeying Yahweh’s commands as if his words and decrees were a person who had chased after and overtaken them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets have overtaken your fathers.” or “But your fathers have suffered the consequences for disobeying my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets to tell them.”
13 1:6 p786 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet my words and my decrees 0 These phrases are both ways to refer to Yahweh’s message that the prophets had declared to their ancestors.
14 1:6 pc8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet our ways and actions 0 The words “ways” and “actions” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “our behavior”
15 1:7 kav5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat 0 “Shebat” is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) “Shebat” is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars.
16 1:7 epb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the second year of Darius’ reign 0 “in the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “in the second year since Darius became king.” See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md).
1:7 al5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message”
17 1:7 li5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Berechiah … Iddo 0 These are the names of men.
18 1:8 rsm4 look 0 The word “look” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
19 1:8 fg97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown myrtle trees 0 a kind of small tree with colorful flowers
20 1:9 rb9l I said, “What are these things, Lord?” Then the angel who talked with me 0 Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the “man” who was “riding on a red horse.”
21 1:9 l5k2 What are these things, Lord? 0 “What are these things, sir?” Here the word “Lord” is a form of polite address.
22 1:10 uiv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the man who stood among the myrtle trees 0 These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees”
1:10 m3qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit These are those 0 The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
23 1:10 paz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to roam throughout the earth 0 It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost.
24 1:11 p8ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees 0 This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees”
1:11 vum3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They answered … they said 0 The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
25 1:11 z1nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all the earth sits still and is at rest 0 There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. This could mean: (1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or (2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them.
26 1:12 hd8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah 0 Here the words “Jerusalem” and “cities” refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah”
27 1:13 ea77 with good words, words of comfort 0 Alternate translation: “with good, comforting words”
29 1:15 z4b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I am very angry with the nations that are at ease 0 The phrase “at ease” means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security”
30 1:15 vt8i I was only a little angry with them 0 Alternate translation: “I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem”
31 1:15 ml6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they made the disaster worse 0 “the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do.
32 1:16 irm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies 0 This could mean: (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem”
33 1:16 mlv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My house will be built within her 0 The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem”
34 1:16 qz6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem 0 This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem”
35 1:17 xwc5 Again call out, saying 0 The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.
36 1:17 c5zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My cities will once again overflow with goodness 0 The phrase “my cities” refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. Alternate translation: “My cities will once again be prosperous” or “The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The phrase “my cities” refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “My cities will once again be prosperous”
37 1:17 e1cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh will again comfort Zion 0 Here the word “Zion” refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion”
38 1:18 fb8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I lifted up my eyes 0 The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up”
39 1:19 p1kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem 0 Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Here they symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The words “Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” represent the people who lived in those places. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem”
40 1:20 a61d four craftsmen 0 Alternate translation: “blacksmiths” or “metalworkers”
41 1:21 y3z5 these people 0 This refers to the four craftsmen.
42 1:21 k412 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage These are the horns that scattered Judah 0 The horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The word “Judah” represents the people who lived in Judah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah”
43 1:21 zd7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so that no man would lift up his head 0 The nations oppressing the people of Judah severely is spoken of as if no person in Judah was able to raise his head. Alternate translation: “and caused them to suffer greatly”
44 1:21 gm5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of Judah 0 Yahweh speaks of the nations using their military power to conquer Judah as if the nations had lifted up their horns. He speaks of these four craftsmen destroying the military power of these nations as if the craftsmen threw those horns to the ground. Alternate translation: “to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah”
45 1:21 q7u9 to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn 0 Alternate translation: “to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up”
46 2:intro j9a8 0 # Zechariah 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah’s third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 2:4–13, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nThis book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### “This is Yahweh’s declaration”\nThis phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UST often translates this as “Yahweh says.” # Zechariah 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah’s third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 2:4–13, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nThis book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language.\n
47 2:1 u35h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I lifted up my eyes 0 The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up”
48 2:1 dn7b measuring line 0 a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land
49 2:2 eb3u So he said to me 0 Alternate translation: “So the man with the measuring line said to me”
58 2:8 uv6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for whoever touches you 0 The word “touches” refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate translation: “for whoever harms you”
59 2:9 w4b5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I myself will shake my hand over them 0 Raising one’s hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I myself will fight against them” or “I myself will attack them”
60 2:9 q7li they will be plunder for their slaves 0 The word “plunder” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “their slaves will plunder them”
61 2:10 n5lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Sing for joy, daughter of Zion 0 “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. This could mean: (1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or (2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion”
62 2:10 ph8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
63 2:11 h8g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor great nations will join themselves to Yahweh 0 Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh’s people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh’s people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh”
64 2:11 glg2 in that day 0 Alternate translation: “at that time”
65 2:11 bu8a I will encamp in the midst of you 0 Alternate translation: “I will live among you”
66 2:12 e1sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh will inherit Judah as his rightful possession 0 Zechariah speaks of Yahweh claiming Judah as his own land as if Judah were something that Yahweh inherits as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will claim Judah as his rightful possession”
67 2:13 f45h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all flesh 0 Here the word “flesh” represents all humanity. Alternate translation: “all people”
68 2:13 p2lb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he has been roused 0 Zechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. It is implied that this action refers to his returning to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “he is coming” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Zechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. Alternate translation: “he is coming”
69 2:13 dh6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from out of his holy place 0 Here “his holy place” refers to heaven, and not to the temple in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from his holy place in heaven”
70 3:intro gw6m 0 # Zechariah 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 3:7–9, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Difficult concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nIt is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### The high priest\n\nThis chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
71 3:1 l2ct 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh shows Zechariah a vision of Joshua the priest.
80 3:5 d1b9 Let them put 0 Here the word “them” refers to the other angels who were present.
81 3:5 d26a turban 0 a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head
82 3:6 v18s solemnly commanded Joshua 0 Alternate translation: “commanded Joshua in a very serious manner”
83 3:7 l5ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahweh’s paths. Alternate translation: “If you will obey me and keep my commandments” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “If you will obey me and keep my commandments”
84 3:7 x34k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will govern my house and guard my courts 0 Here the word “house” is a metonym for the temple, while the word “courts” refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. Alternate translation: “you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards”
85 3:7 mwk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to go and come among these who stand before me 0 The phrase “to go and come among” is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to come before me as these who stand here do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The phrase “to go and come among” is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to come before me as these who stand here do”
86 3:8 jym9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit your companions who live with you 0 This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. Alternate translation: “the other priests who live with you”
87 3:8 hp4q For these men are a sign 0 Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special meaning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of the priests serving in the temple as being this sign that shows that Yahweh will bring his servant.
88 3:8 v7at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my servant the Branch 0 The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language.
99 4:6 gn9k Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
100 4:6 y1pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Not by might nor by power 0 Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate translation: “You will not succeed by might nor by power”
101 4:6 wt9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Not by might nor by power 0 This could mean: (1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel’s strength or (2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabel’s physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power”
102 4:7 abe2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain 0 This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabel’s success. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain” or “Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain”
103 4:7 k6l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he will bring out the top stone 0 The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate translation: “he will bring out the top stone of the temple” or “he will complete the construction of the temple”
104 4:7 cbj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to shouts of ‘Grace! Grace to it!’ 0 This could mean: (1) the word “grace” refers to God’s grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or (2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘Beautiful! It is beautiful!’”
105 4:8 j4n7 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
110 4:10 a9tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the day of small things 0 “the time of small things.” This phrase refers to the time when the people were building the temple and appeared to be making little progress. Alternate translation: “the time when progress was slow”
111 4:10 t9lp plumb stone 0 This refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight.
112 4:10 ym4q These seven lamps 0 This phrase refers to the lamps that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2–3](./02.md).
113 4:10 xm5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth 0 The seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. The angel speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens on the earth as if his eyes roamed over the whole earth. Alternate translation: “These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth”
114 4:11 ac36 these two olive trees 0 This refers to the olive trees that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2–3](./02.md).
115 4:12 t7zp What are these two olive branches 0 Here Zechariah changes his question and asks about branches that are connected to the two olive trees.
116 4:12 brf2 the two gold pipes 0 These pipes were not mentioned in the previous description of Zechariah’s vision. It is possible that they are connected to the bowl on top of the lampstand and provide the oil with which the lampstand burns.
125 5:1 ynu9 behold 0 The word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
126 5:2 gh1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide 0 A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide”
127 5:3 lv5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This is the curse 0 The word “this” refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: “On this scroll is the curse”
128 5:3 mys3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that goes out over the surface of the whole land 0 The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land”
129 5:3 iha6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor every thief will be cut off … everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off 0 Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath”
130 5:3 pu8h what it says on the one side … what it says on the other side 0 Alternate translation: “what the scroll says on one side … what the scroll says on the other side”
131 5:4 jt2j I will send it out 0 Alternate translation: “I will send out the curse”
132 5:4 alf7 y2v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts consume its timber and stones 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” The curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. Alternate translation: “destroy its wood and stones”
5:4 y2v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor consume its timber and stones 0 The curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. Alternate translation: “destroy its wood and stones” or “completely destroy it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
133 5:5 j4s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Raise your eyes 0 The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “Look up”
134 5:6 mb23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming 0 An “ephah” is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. Alternate translation: “This is a measuring basket that is coming” or “This is a large container that is coming” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) An “ephah” is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Alternate translation: “This is a measuring basket that is coming”
135 5:6 bcy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage This is their iniquity in the whole land 0 The basket symbolizes the people’s iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. Alternate translation: “This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land”
136 5:7 un6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a lead covering was lifted off the basket 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket”
137 5:7 nn4h there was a woman under it sitting in it 0 Alternate translation: “there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket”
140 5:9 zcp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I lifted my eyes 0 Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “I looked up”
141 5:9 mt2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom wind was in their wings 0 This idiom means that they were flying. Alternate translation: “they were flying”
142 5:9 gde6 they had wings like a stork’s wings 0 A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the women’s wings with the size of the stork’s wings.
143 5:9 xf59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven 0 The words “earth” and “heaven” form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: “They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The words “earth” and “heaven” form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: “They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away”
144 5:11 dyi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis To build a temple in the land of Shinar for it 0 The ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it”
145 5:11 un6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the basket will be set there 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will set the basket there”
146 5:11 gtm8 on its prepared base 0 The words “prepared base” refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket.
147 6:intro z96r 0 # Zechariah 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 6:12–13.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Crown\n\nThe second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word “branch” should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Meaning of the visions\n\nThe visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) # Zechariah 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 6:12–13.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Meaning of the visions\n\nThe visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
148 6:1 wvi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche lifted my eyes 0 Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “looked up”
149 6:1 zj81 between two mountains; and the two mountains were made of bronze 0 Since the second phrase describes the mountains in the first phrase, the two phrases may be combined. Alternate translation: “between two bronze mountains”
150 6:2 tw1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The first chariot had red horses 0 It is implicit that the horses were pulling the chariots. Alternate translation: “The first chariot had red horses pulling it” or “Red horses were pulling the first chariot”
155 6:6 g5r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the white horses are … the spotted gray horses are 0 Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. Alternate translation: “the chariot with the white horses is … the chariot with the spotted gray horses is”
156 6:8 ny4a he called out to me 0 Alternate translation: “the angel called out to me”
157 6:8 n3x1 Look at the ones 0 Alternate translation: “Look at the black horses”
6:8 c7ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they will appease my spirit concerning the north country 0 The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahweh’s spirit.” This could mean: (1) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or (2) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh’s blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country”
6:9 jej6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to me, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me”
158 6:10 fez9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah 0 These are the names of men.
159 6:10 m87p this same day 0 Alternate translation: “today”
160 6:11 f66i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehozadak 0 This is the name of a man.
163 6:12 ihw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his name is Branch 0 The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md).
164 6:12 w53q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will grow up where he is 0 The phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple.
165 6:13 lm52 He will be a priest on his throne 0 This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
6:13 uyq6 he will bear a counsel of peace between the two 0 The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
166 6:14 ea75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The crown will given 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown”
167 6:14 xn98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah … Hen 0 These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](../06/10.md).
6:14 f3px for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial 0 Some modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.”
168 6:15 e6jp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit those who are far off 0 This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon.
169 6:15 u2bz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you so you will know 0 The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel.
170 6:15 zqz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy truly listen to the voice of Yahweh your God 0 Here to “listen” means to obey and the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Alternate translation: “truly obey what Yahweh your God says”
171 7:intro meb2 0 # Zechariah 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:4–14, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Fasting\n\nThis chapter discusses fasting. People were asking the same questions as those from previous generations. The Israelites were asking these same questions before they were exiled from their land. # Zechariah 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:4–14, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n
172 7:1 v1rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal on the fourth day 0 “on day 4”
173 7:1 vut4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths Kislev (which was the ninth month) 0 “Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) “Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars.
7:1 t9mu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah”
174 7:2 sb2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sharezer and Regem-Melek 0 These are the names of men.
175 7:2 y9hy beg 0 Here the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
176 7:2 b1wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy before the face of Yahweh 0 Here “face” is a metonym for Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh”
177 7:3 kg2p They spoke … they said 0 The word “they” refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek.
7:3 ty6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal Should I mourn in the fifth month 0 “Should I mourn in month 5.” The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
178 7:3 i8ej by means of a fast 0 Alternate translation: “by fasting”
7:4 g84y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me”
179 7:5 wdh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the fifth and in the seventh month 0 “in months 5 and 7”
180 7:5 v5v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis in the fifth 0 The word “month” can be supplied in translation. Alternate translation: “in the fifth month”
181 7:5 tfh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the seventh month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah.
182 7:5 d7zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for these seventy years 0 The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years.
183 7:5 n3dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion were you truly fasting for me? 0 This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you were not really fasting for me.”
184 7:6 p43p When you ate and drank 0 This could mean: (1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or (2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting.
185 7:6 ax5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion did you not eat and drink for yourselves? 0 This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was for yourselves that you ate and drank.”
187 7:7 dqw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the mouth of the former prophets 0 Here “mouth” is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. Alternate translation: “by the words of the former prophets” or “through the former prophets”
188 7:7 n812 you still inhabited Jerusalem 0 Alternate translation: “you still lived in Jerusalem”
189 7:7 vp7q foothills 0 hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
7:8 jsk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah”
190 7:9 v17g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Judge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy 0 The abstract nouns “justice,” “faithfulness,” and “mercy” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful”
191 7:9 k9pm Let each man do this 0 The word “this” refers to how a person should judge.
192 7:10 b2r9 widow 0 a woman whose husband has died
195 7:10 jdb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy let none of you plot any harm against another in your heart 0 Here “heart” represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: “you must not make plans to do evil”
196 7:11 l8vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor set their shoulders stubbornly 0 This is an image of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. This metaphor represents the people being stubborn. Alternate translation: “became stubborn”
197 7:11 if1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They stopped up their ears so they would not hear 0 This is an image of people putting something into their ears so they would not hear the message from Yahweh. This metaphor represents the people not being willing to hear and obey. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen”
198 7:12 ieh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts 0 The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Here the heart represents the will of a person. Alternate translation: “They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts” The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Alternate translation: “They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts”
199 7:12 j76s in earlier times 0 Alternate translation: “in the past”
200 7:12 z4q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the mouth of the prophets 0 Here the “mouth of the prophets” is a metonym for the words that the prophets speak. Alternate translation: “through the words of the prophets”
201 7:14 hga8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will scatter them with a whirlwind 0 Yahweh speaks of how he will scatter the people as if a whirlwind were scattering everything in its path. Alternate translation: “I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters things”
202 7:14 x4q6 whirlwind 0 a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
203 7:14 c1xg delightful land 0 Alternate translation: “pleasant land” or “fruitful land”
204 8:intro uri7 0 # Zechariah 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])
8:1 eh47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying”
205 8:2 rx8t I am passionate for Zion 0 Alternate translation: “I have a strong desire to protect Zion”
206 8:2 vc1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for Zion 0 Here “Zion” represents the people of Zion. Alternate translation: “for the people of Zion” or “for the people of Jerusalem”
207 8:2 w6qx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit with great anger 0 The implied information is that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. Alternate translation: “with great anger against her enemies”
212 8:6 n3ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor If something seems impossible in the eyes of 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If something does not appear to be possible to”
213 8:6 d5cx the remnant of this people 0 Alternate translation: “the people of Judah who survive”
214 8:6 c478 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in my eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “to me”
8:6 kp58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
215 8:7 f4bz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I am about to rescue my people 0 The implied information is that the people are in exile. “I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile”
216 8:7 x6hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun 0 This could mean: (1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or (2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” This is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction”
217 8:8 bcy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will be their God in truth and in righteousness 0 This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns “truth” and “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner”
218 8:9 h94j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Strengthen your hands 0 This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous”
219 8:10 h2cs For before those days 0 Here “those days” refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple.
224 8:11 cg9b But now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people 0 Alternate translation: “But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days”
225 8:11 pcv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in former days 0 “in the past.” The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple.
226 8:11 k5pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the remnant of this people 0 The implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. Alternate translation: “the people who returned from exile”
8:11 ec3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared”
227 8:12 sdy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive seeds of peace will be sown 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the people will safely sow seed”
228 8:12 nk96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dew 0 The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed.
229 8:12 gq8d inherit all these things 0 Alternate translation: “to have all these things”
230 8:13 y21m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You were an example to the other nations of a curse 0 The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people”
231 8:13 mk9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Judah and house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Judah and Israel”
8:13 sqv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will be a blessing 0 This could mean: (1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or (2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or (3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things”
232 8:13 msq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom let your hands be strong 0 This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “be strong and courageous”
233 8:13 v8du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Judah and house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah”
234 8:14 z32e do harm to you 0 Alternate translation: “punish you”
240 8:16 m4ld his neighbor 0 Here “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
241 8:16 u5kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other”
242 8:16 k4ez rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in your gates 0 The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment”
8:17 l5wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
8:18 u3xt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying”
243 8:18 uuz1 came to me 0 Here “me” refers to Zechariah.
244 8:19 hr3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month 0 “The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10”
245 8:19 x9kp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The fasts of the fourth month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem.
246 8:19 je6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the fifth month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem.
247 8:19 h4zn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the seventh month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:5](../07/05.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah.
248 8:19 qk5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the tenth month 0 The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
249 8:19 v6ls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns times of joy, gladness, and happy festivals 0 The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “joyful and glad times, with happy festivals”
250 8:19 vyd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah”
258 8:23 vw6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit will grasp the hem of your robe 0 The implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. Alternate translation: “will grasp the hem of your robe to get your attention”
259 8:23 ed1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Let us go with you 0 The implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Let us go to Jerusalem with you”
260 8:23 wc2l God is with you 0 Alternate translation: “God is with you people”
261 9:intro lyp2 0 # Zechariah 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 9:9–10.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Prophecies against other nations\n\nThe first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) # Zechariah 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 9:9–10.\n
262 9:1 gn78 This is a declaration of Yahweh’s word concerning 0 Alternate translation: “This is Yahweh’s message about”
263 9:1 fjj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land of Hadrak and Damascus 0 Here “Hadrak” and “Damascus” refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Here “Hadrak” and “Damascus” refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus”
264 9:1 xk5a Hadrak 0 The location of Hadrak is unknown today.
265 9:1 q7lh its resting place 0 Alternate translation: “the resting place of the people of Hadrak”
266 9:1 fi2z for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh 0 Some versions translate this as “for Yahweh’s eye is on all mankind and on the tribes of Israel.”
282 9:8 lp3e for now 0 Alternate translation: “For at that time”
283 9:8 gnt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I see with my own eyes 0 Here “my own eyes” represent Yahweh’s personal attention. Alternate translation: “I will personally watch over my land”
284 9:9 iqk3 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9–13.
285 9:9 u6p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Shout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem! 0 These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice.
286 9:9 apz5 daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem 0 “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. See how you translated “daughter of Zion” in [Zechariah 2:10](../02/10.md).
287 9:9 sey9 Behold! 0 This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the surprising statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!” or “Here is a surprising fact!”
288 9:9 ke7v Your king is coming to you with righteousness and is rescuing you 0 Alternate translation: “Your king is righteous and is coming to rescue you”
300 9:12 v54r prisoners of hope 0 This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. Alternate translation: “prisoners who still hope in Yahweh”
301 9:12 xt6s return double to you 0 Alternate translation: “return to you twice as much as was taken from you”
302 9:13 sjg3 Zion 0 This refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
303 9:13 mwe7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have bent Judah as my bow 0 The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Here “Judah” refers to the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow”
304 9:13 ki73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor filled my quiver with Ephraim 0 Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier’s arrows.
305 9:13 es7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece 0 God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time.
306 9:14 h8w9 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 14–16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
312 9:15 l59u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will devour 0 To completely defeat enemies is spoken of as devouring them as a wild animal eats its prey. Alternate translation: “will completely defeat”
313 9:15 fq6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy defeat the stones of the slings 0 Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the “stones of the slings” represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. Alternate translation: “defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones”
314 9:15 ure5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine 0 The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. Alternate translation: “Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk”
315 9:15 t8ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they will be filled with wine like bowls 0 This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal’s blood to the altar. Alternate translation: “they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal’s blood to the altar. Alternate translation: “they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar”
316 9:15 h8j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like the corners of the altar 0 Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: “they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
317 9:16 t4gy 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 14–16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
318 9:16 i4qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile God will rescue them … as the flock of his people 0 The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God’s sheep that he cares for and protects.