From 596b80a0f76a2bb1e802fae906dfc306bded56e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Larry Sallee Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 20:09:42 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Added "Alternate translation:" labels as needed. (#2421) Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2421 --- en_tn_26-EZK.tsv | 1268 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- en_tn_27-DAN.tsv | 392 +++++++------- en_tn_28-HOS.tsv | 18 +- en_tn_29-JOL.tsv | 48 +- en_tn_30-AMO.tsv | 86 ++-- 5 files changed, 906 insertions(+), 906 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv b/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv index da299274c6..35ef72ae71 100644 --- a/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv +++ b/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ EZK 1 1 xqf6 translate-ordinal 0 In the thirtieth year This is the thirtieth ye EZK 1 1 ad2n translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fourth month, and the fifth day of the month “the fifth day of the fourth month.” This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is around the end of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 1 1 q33s 0 it came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. EZK 1 1 u5sq 0 I was living among the captives The word “I” refers to Ezekiel. “I was one of the captives” -EZK 1 1 zv3x 0 I saw visions of God “God showed me unusual things” +EZK 1 1 zv3x 0 I saw visions of God Alternate translation: “God showed me unusual things” EZK 1 1 x973 0 the Kebar Canal This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. “the Kebar River” EZK 1 3 rj9q figs-pronouns 0 to Ezekiel … upon him there Ezekiel speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “to me, Ezekiel … upon me there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) EZK 1 3 t4d8 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Ezekiel The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Ezekiel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -17,66 +17,66 @@ EZK 1 4 lz9t 0 a windstorm This is a storm that has a lot of wind. EZK 1 4 my5g 0 coming from the north North is the direction to your left when you look toward the sun while it is rising. EZK 1 4 c9um 0 a great cloud with fire flashing within it This can be translated as a new sentence: “The storm had a very large cloud with fire flashing in it” EZK 1 4 p3zk 0 fire flashing This could mean: (1) “flashing lightning” or (2) “constant lightning.” -EZK 1 4 uce2 0 brightness surrounding it and inside of it “a very bright light was around the cloud and inside of it” -EZK 1 4 gn1u 0 the color of amber “bright yellow like amber” or “bright yellow” or “glowing yellow” +EZK 1 4 uce2 0 brightness surrounding it and inside of it Alternate translation: “a very bright light was around the cloud and inside of it” +EZK 1 4 gn1u 0 the color of amber Alternate translation: “bright yellow like amber” or “bright yellow” or “glowing yellow” EZK 1 4 s1hw 0 amber a hard yellow resin that is used as a beautiful decoration on jewelry -EZK 1 5 wc4k 0 In the middle “Inside the storm” +EZK 1 5 wc4k 0 In the middle Alternate translation: “Inside the storm” EZK 1 5 h7q9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of four living creatures Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “what looked like four living creatures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 1 5 k13b figs-abstractnouns 0 This was their appearance The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “This is what they looked like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 1 5 nji4 figs-abstractnouns 0 They had the likeness of a man The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “The four creatures looked like people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 1 6 vqp7 0 but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings “but each of them had four different faces and four wings.” Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head. EZK 1 7 lgs2 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -EZK 1 7 k6hj 0 but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf “but their feet looked like calf hooves” or “but their feet looked like the feet of calves” +EZK 1 7 k6hj 0 but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf Alternate translation: “but their feet looked like calf hooves” or “but their feet looked like the feet of calves” EZK 1 7 zyz1 0 hooves of a calf the hard part of a calf’s foot EZK 1 7 ac8t figs-simile 0 that shone like polished bronze “that were shiny like bronze that has been polished.” This describes the feet of the creatures. Alternate translation: “and they shone like polished bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -EZK 1 8 gr7m 0 on all four sides “on all four sides of their bodies” -EZK 1 8 k4hk 0 For all four, their faces and wings were like this “For all four of the creatures, their wings and their faces were like this” -EZK 1 9 xij2 0 they did not turn as they went “the creatures did not turn as they moved” +EZK 1 8 gr7m 0 on all four sides Alternate translation: “on all four sides of their bodies” +EZK 1 8 k4hk 0 For all four, their faces and wings were like this Alternate translation: “For all four of the creatures, their wings and their faces were like this” +EZK 1 9 xij2 0 they did not turn as they went Alternate translation: “the creatures did not turn as they moved” EZK 1 10 xft7 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. EZK 1 10 dr2n figs-abstractnouns 0 The likeness of their faces was like the face of a man Ezekiel is describing the faces of the creatures on their front side. The abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man’s face. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “The face of each creature looked like the face of a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 1 10 cb2b 0 The four of them had the face of a lion to the right side “The face on the right side of each one’s head looked like the face of a lion” -EZK 1 10 xfk6 0 the four of them had the face of an ox on the left side “the face on the left side of the head of each one looked like the face of an ox” -EZK 1 10 hzm6 0 They four had also the face of an eagle “The face on the back of the head of each one looked like the face of an eagle” -EZK 1 11 y2pe 0 their wings were spread out above, so that each creature had a pair of wings that touched another creature’s wing “each creature held up two of his wings so that one wing touched the wing of the creature on one side of him, and the other wing touched the wing of the creature on the other side of him” +EZK 1 10 cb2b 0 The four of them had the face of a lion to the right side Alternate translation: “The face on the right side of each one’s head looked like the face of a lion” +EZK 1 10 xfk6 0 the four of them had the face of an ox on the left side Alternate translation: “the face on the left side of the head of each one looked like the face of an ox” +EZK 1 10 hzm6 0 They four had also the face of an eagle Alternate translation: “The face on the back of the head of each one looked like the face of an eagle” +EZK 1 11 y2pe 0 their wings were spread out above, so that each creature had a pair of wings that touched another creature’s wing Alternate translation: “each creature held up two of his wings so that one wing touched the wing of the creature on one side of him, and the other wing touched the wing of the creature on the other side of him” EZK 1 11 pd9d 0 and also a pair of wings that covered their bodies This can be translated as a new sentence: “The other two wings of each creature covered its body” -EZK 1 12 e2th 0 Each went straight forward “Each creature moved with a face looking forward” +EZK 1 12 e2th 0 Each went straight forward Alternate translation: “Each creature moved with a face looking forward” EZK 1 13 ffv8 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. EZK 1 13 i6wj figs-abstractnouns 0 As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. Both “likeness” and “appearance” are abstract nouns that can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “As for what the living creatures looked like, they were similar to burning coals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 1 13 m6wb 0 there were flashes of lightning “lightning came out from the fire.” +EZK 1 13 m6wb 0 there were flashes of lightning Alternate translation: “lightning came out from the fire.” EZK 1 14 jq1y figs-simile 0 The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning Lightning flashes and then disappears quickly, and the creatures moved from one place to another quickly. The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 1 15 me27 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision. -EZK 1 16 kq4i 0 This was the appearance and structure of the wheels “This is what the wheels looked like and how they were made” +EZK 1 16 kq4i 0 This was the appearance and structure of the wheels Alternate translation: “This is what the wheels looked like and how they were made” EZK 1 16 yue4 0 like beryl Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone, often of yellow or golden color. “clear and yellow like a beryl stone” or “clear and yellow like a precious stone” EZK 1 16 du8h figs-abstractnouns 0 the four had the same likeness Here the abstract noun “likeness” refers to what the four wheels looked like. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “all four of the wheels looked the same” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 1 16 q9kt figs-abstractnouns 0 their appearance and structure was like a wheel intersecting another wheel The abstract nouns “appearance” and “structure” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “they appeared to be made with one wheel going through another wheel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 1 17 d4vz 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. EZK 1 17 yzc3 0 they went in any of their four directions This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels. -EZK 1 18 tsz7 0 As for their rims “This is what the rims of the wheels looked like” -EZK 1 18 j5l2 0 they were high and fearsome “the rims were very tall and awe-inspiring” or “the rims where tall and frightening” -EZK 1 18 q999 0 for the rims were full of eyes round about “because the rims had very many eyes around all four of the wheels” +EZK 1 18 tsz7 0 As for their rims Alternate translation: “This is what the rims of the wheels looked like” +EZK 1 18 j5l2 0 they were high and fearsome Alternate translation: “the rims were very tall and awe-inspiring” or “the rims where tall and frightening” +EZK 1 18 q999 0 for the rims were full of eyes round about Alternate translation: “because the rims had very many eyes around all four of the wheels” EZK 1 19 pwu8 figs-explicit 0 When the living creatures rose up from the earth The creatures were flying in the air after they left the ground. Alternate translation: “So when the creatures left the ground and went up into the air” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 1 19 c3bw 0 the wheels also rose up “the wheels also left the ground and went into the air” +EZK 1 19 c3bw 0 the wheels also rose up Alternate translation: “the wheels also left the ground and went into the air” EZK 1 20 q1gf 0 Wherever the Spirit would go, they went The word “they” refers to the creatures. -EZK 1 20 i3ax 0 the wheels rose up beside them “the wheels went up into the air with the living creatures” +EZK 1 20 i3ax 0 the wheels rose up beside them Alternate translation: “the wheels went up into the air with the living creatures” EZK 1 20 sqv9 figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels This could mean: (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 19 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 1 22 ikj7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of an expansive dome Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like “an expansive dome.” The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “what looked like an expansive dome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 1 22 l6f5 0 an expansive dome A dome looks like a hollow ball that is cut in half. “Expansive” means very large. “a huge upside-down bowl” -EZK 1 22 hu3m 0 awe-inspiring crystal “awe-inspiring ice” or “crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it” -EZK 1 22 unz5 0 stretched out over their heads above “and the expansive dome was spread out above the heads of the creatures” or “and the expansive dome took up a lot of space over the heads of the creatures” -EZK 1 23 w3ga 0 Beneath the dome “under the dome” -EZK 1 23 h3u3 0 Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves; each had a pair to cover his own body “Each of the living creatures also had two other wings, which they used to cover their bodies” +EZK 1 22 hu3m 0 awe-inspiring crystal Alternate translation: “awe-inspiring ice” or “crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it” +EZK 1 22 unz5 0 stretched out over their heads above Alternate translation: “and the expansive dome was spread out above the heads of the creatures” or “and the expansive dome took up a lot of space over the heads of the creatures” +EZK 1 23 w3ga 0 Beneath the dome Alternate translation: “under the dome” +EZK 1 23 h3u3 0 Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves; each had a pair to cover his own body Alternate translation: “Each of the living creatures also had two other wings, which they used to cover their bodies” EZK 1 24 kdw7 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision of the living creatures. EZK 1 24 x6cx 0 Then I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of many waters. Like the voice of the Almighty whenever they moved. Like The words **whenever they moved** could mean: (1) all the words before them in this verse, “Whenever they moved, I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Like” or (2) to the words that follow, “wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Whenever they moved, it sounded like.” EZK 1 24 nht8 figs-simile 0 Like … waters. Like … moved. Like … rainstorm. Like … army. These sentences are not complete because Ezekiel was showing that he was excited about what he saw. They can be translated as complete sentences: “The wings sounded like … water. They sounded like … moved. They sounded like … rainstorm. They sounded like … army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 1 24 pa6v 0 many waters This simply means “a lot of water.” It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. EZK 1 24 a1wk figs-metonymy 0 Like the voice of the Almighty The Bible sometimes refers to thunder as “the voice of the Almighty.” Alternate translation: “It sounded like the voice of the Almighty God” or “It sounded like the thunder of the Almighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 1 24 ii8k figs-simile 0 Like the sound of a rainstorm Possible meanings are: (1) “Like the sound of very big storm” or (2) “Like the sound of a very large crowd of people” Alternate translation: “There was a sound that was loud like a big storm” or “There was a sound that was loud like a very large crowd of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -EZK 1 24 m4zj 0 Whenever they stood still “Whenever the creatures stopped moving” +EZK 1 24 m4zj 0 Whenever they stood still Alternate translation: “Whenever the creatures stopped moving” EZK 1 24 lip7 0 they lowered their wings “the creatures let their wings hang down by their sides.” They did this when they were not using their wings to fly. EZK 1 25 fdh7 0 A voice came from above the dome “Someone who was above the dome spoke.” If you need to tell whose voice this is, you should probably identify it as the voice of Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md)). -EZK 1 25 c7rf 0 the dome over their heads “the dome that was over the heads of the creatures” +EZK 1 25 c7rf 0 the dome over their heads Alternate translation: “the dome that was over the heads of the creatures” EZK 1 25 vx4w 0 the dome See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:23](../01/23.md). -EZK 1 26 pwr1 0 over their heads “over the heads of the living creatures” +EZK 1 26 pwr1 0 over their heads Alternate translation: “over the heads of the living creatures” EZK 1 26 v6pz figs-abstractnouns 0 was the likeness of a throne Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a throne. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “was something that looked like a throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 1 26 dds3 0 sapphire a very valuable stone that is clear blue and very shiny EZK 1 26 fx3x figs-abstractnouns 0 on the likeness of the throne was The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “on what looked like a throne there was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -92,36 +92,36 @@ EZK 1 28 xf7s figs-metonymy 0 I heard a voice speaking The word “voice” is EZK 2 intro pp1p 0 # Ezekiel 2 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Ezekiel’s call continues in this chapter. God appointed Ezekiel to be a prophet but warned him that the people were very rebellious and would not listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) EZK 2 1 k2gu 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. EZK 2 1 jk2d 0 He said to me If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.” -EZK 2 1 djp4 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 2 1 djp4 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 2 2 nf31 0 the Spirit Other This could mean: (1) “a spirit” or (2) “a wind.” EZK 2 3 rd8n 0 up to this very day “even now” or “even today.” This means that the people of Israel were continuing to disobey God. EZK 2 4 f7ws 0 General Information: God continues to speak to Ezekiel. EZK 2 4 nn58 0 Their descendants the descendants of the past generations of Israel who had rebelled against God, referring to the people living in Israel at the time Ezekiel writes -EZK 2 4 iw3p 0 have stubborn faces “have expression on their faces that show that they are stubborn” +EZK 2 4 iw3p 0 have stubborn faces Alternate translation: “have expression on their faces that show that they are stubborn” EZK 2 4 s6jn figs-doublet 0 stubborn faces and hard hearts The words “stubborn faces” refer to the way they act on the outside, and the words “hard hearts” refer to the way they think and feel. Together they emphasize that the people of Israel would not change how they lived in order to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 2 4 bi27 0 stubborn This describes a person who refuses to change what he thinks or what he is doing. EZK 2 4 nx1c figs-metaphor 0 hard hearts Rocks never change and become soft, and these people never change and become sorry when they do evil things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 2 5 k6vh figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 2 5 g4a6 0 a prophet has been among them “the one whom they have refused to listen to was a prophet” +EZK 2 5 g4a6 0 a prophet has been among them Alternate translation: “the one whom they have refused to listen to was a prophet” EZK 2 6 p26z 0 General Information: God continues to speak to Ezekiel -EZK 2 6 cd8n 0 son of man “son of a human being” or “son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” +EZK 2 6 cd8n 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” EZK 2 6 z8yl figs-metaphor 0 briers and thorns and … scorpions These words describe the people of Israel who will not treat Ezekiel kindly when he tells them what God says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 2 6 jsb2 0 briers and thorns Briers are bushes with sharp points on the branches. The sharp points on the branches are called thorns. EZK 2 6 s9um 0 scorpions A scorpion is a small animal with two front claws, six legs, and a large tail with a poisonous stinger. Its sting is very painful. -EZK 2 6 typ2 0 Do not fear their words “Do not be afraid of what they say.” +EZK 2 6 typ2 0 Do not fear their words Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of what they say.” EZK 2 6 k1u5 figs-metonymy 0 be dismayed by their faces The words “their faces” are a metonym for the message the people express with their faces. Alternate translation: “lose your desire to serve me because of the way they look at you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 2 7 r72s 0 General Information: God continues to speak to Ezekiel. -EZK 2 7 phz2 0 are most rebellious “are very rebellious” or “totally rebel against me” +EZK 2 7 phz2 0 are most rebellious Alternate translation: “are very rebellious” or “totally rebel against me” EZK 2 8 ndb7 figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 2 9 p6fn 0 a hand was extended out to me This could mean: (1) a person in the heavens had extended his hand out toward Ezekiel and all Ezekiel could see was from the hand to the elbow or shoulder or (2) the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)) extended his hand. -EZK 2 9 h5d1 0 a written scroll “a scroll that had writing on it” +EZK 2 9 h5d1 0 a written scroll Alternate translation: “a scroll that had writing on it” EZK 2 10 mxi2 0 He spread it out The word “He” refers to the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). EZK 2 10 h57t figs-activepassive 0 it had been written on both its front and back This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had written on both its front and its back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 2 10 vh4l figs-abstractnouns 0 written on it were lamentations, mourning, and woe This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “lamentations,” “mourning,” and “woe.” Alternate translation: “someone had written on it that these people would lament, be sad the way they would be if someone they loved had died, and have bad things happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 3 intro g699 0 # Ezekiel 3 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Ezekiel’s call concludes in this chapter. God told Ezekiel more about what he should say to the people and how he should say it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]]) EZK 3 1 u74t 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. EZK 3 1 brw3 0 He said to me The word “He” refers to the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). -EZK 3 1 j5ix 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 3 1 j5ix 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 3 1 ze6y 0 what you have found This refers to the scroll that God was giving him ([Ezekiel 2:9](../02/09.md)). EZK 3 1 vqx6 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 3 2 zj66 0 that scroll Many versions have “the scroll” or “this scroll.” @@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ EZK 3 3 hl4l 0 it was as sweet as honey Honey tastes sweet, and the scroll tas EZK 3 4 n2bh 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. EZK 3 4 m9d9 0 he said to me If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.” EZK 3 4 sch3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 3 6 t81j 0 of strange speech or a difficult language “who speak a strange or difficult language” -EZK 3 6 gnx2 0 not to many peoples of strange speech “I am not sending you to a mighty nation whose people speak a strange language” +EZK 3 6 t81j 0 of strange speech or a difficult language Alternate translation: “who speak a strange or difficult language” +EZK 3 6 gnx2 0 not to many peoples of strange speech Alternate translation: “I am not sending you to a mighty nation whose people speak a strange language” EZK 3 6 xr55 figs-hypo 0 if I sent you to them, they would have listened to you This is a hypothetical situation that could have happened but did not. Yahweh did not send Ezekiel to people who did not understand his language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) EZK 3 6 f2qs 0 if I sent you to them The word “them” refers to a mighty nation other than Israel. EZK 3 7 w94c figs-doublet 0 strong browed and hard hearted These mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “very rebellious” or “very stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ EZK 3 8 bx39 0 General Information: The Spirit of God continues speaking to Ez EZK 3 8 d8jm 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts Ezekiel to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. EZK 3 8 sx8p figs-metaphor 0 I have made your face as hard as their faces A hard face is a metaphor for being stubborn. Alternate translation: “I have made you as stubborn as they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 3 8 zi9j figs-metonymy 0 I have made … your brow as hard as their brows The “brow” is the forehead or eyebrow and is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “I have made … you strong so you will not stop doing what you are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 3 9 ij8a 0 I have made your brow like a diamond, harder than flint “I have made your brow like the hardest stone, harder than flint” +EZK 3 9 ij8a 0 I have made your brow like a diamond, harder than flint Alternate translation: “I have made your brow like the hardest stone, harder than flint” EZK 3 9 rz3c 0 flint a stone that is hard enough to start a fire by hitting it with metal or another stone EZK 3 9 z3m8 figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 3 10 z6et figs-metonymy 0 take them into your heart and hear them with your ears Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “remember them and listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ EZK 3 12 k5yc 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues telling about the visio EZK 3 12 it6a 0 I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake: “Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!” Some versions take “Blessed … place!” as a words that the “great earthquake” spoke: “I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake, which said, ‘Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!’” Others understand the sound of the earthquake as the sound of the glory of Yahweh leaving his place, “as the glory of Yahweh left its place, I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake.” EZK 3 12 pl7p 0 the sound of a great earthquake It is not clear if the sound came from an earthquake, from a voice that was loud like an earthquake, or from the wings and wheels. Alternate translation: “a sound like the sound of a great earthquake” or “a voice speaking; the voice sounded like a great earthquake” or “a loud rumbling noise” EZK 3 12 xj77 0 the glory of Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). -EZK 3 12 uf64 0 the sound of a great earthquake “a loud, deep and powerful rumbling sound like the sound of an earthquake” +EZK 3 12 uf64 0 the sound of a great earthquake Alternate translation: “a loud, deep and powerful rumbling sound like the sound of an earthquake” EZK 3 14 h4qw 0 General Information: Ezekiel seems to have been angry because Yahweh had sent him to speak to the Israelite exiles, thus rebelling against Yahweh himself. Though he was supposed to speak to them, he sat in silence for seven days, even though he could feel the anger of Yahweh “powerfully pressing on” him. EZK 3 14 t94w 0 away, and I went with bitterness in my spirit’s rage The words “bitterness” and “rage” are types of anger. This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “away. I was bitter and my spirit was full of anger” or “away. I was very bitter and angry” EZK 3 14 x1uf figs-metaphor 0 bitterness Ezekiel speaks of his anger at Yahweh as if there were a bad taste in his mouth because Yahweh had forced him to eat something that tasted bad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -160,16 +160,16 @@ EZK 3 14 w8rt figs-metaphor 0 for the hand of Yahweh was powerfully pressing on EZK 3 14 llb2 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh This could mean: (1) the word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh” or (2) Ezekiel knew that Yahweh was angry with him because he was not obeying Yahweh by speaking to the Israelite exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 3 15 i5bx translate-names 0 Tel Aviv A town in Babylon, about 80 kilometers southeast of the main city, which was also called Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZK 3 15 bin3 0 the Kebar Canal This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). -EZK 3 15 n8yl 0 overwhelmed in amazement “unable to do anything because I was so amazed” +EZK 3 15 n8yl 0 overwhelmed in amazement Alternate translation: “unable to do anything because I was so amazed” EZK 3 16 gj4t 0 General Information: Ezekiel tells about his experience at Tel-Aviv. EZK 3 16 ul6w figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 3 17 rf13 figs-metaphor 0 watchman God told Ezekiel to warn the people of Israel just as a watchman would warn the people of a city if enemies were coming, so that they could prepare and be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 3 17 xc2d figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 3 18 gn56 0 the wicked “wicked people” +EZK 3 18 gn56 0 the wicked Alternate translation: “wicked people” EZK 3 18 b5pw figs-idiom 0 require his blood from your hand This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. Alternate translation: “treat you as if you had murdered him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 3 19 hrf4 figs-doublet 0 he does not turn from his wickedness or from his wicked deeds The phrase “wicked deeds” means the same thing as “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “he does not stop doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 3 20 d1iz figs-metaphor 0 set a stumbling block before him This could mean: (1) “make something bad happen to him” or (2) “cause him to sin openly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 3 20 gm4t 0 he will die in his sin “he will die as a sinner” or “he will die as a guilty person because he has disobeyed me” +EZK 3 20 gm4t 0 he will die in his sin Alternate translation: “he will die as a sinner” or “he will die as a guilty person because he has disobeyed me” EZK 3 20 wji4 figs-idiom 0 I will require his blood from your hand This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “I will treat you as if you had murdered him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 3 21 e9i5 figs-activepassive 0 since he was warned This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “since you warned him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 3 22 w1ch figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh The word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -179,17 +179,17 @@ EZK 3 23 l7j5 figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face “I bowed down to the ground” o EZK 3 24 r8ve 0 he spoke with me If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.” EZK 3 25 f4fp 0 they will place ropes upon you and tie you so you cannot go out among them This is best translated literally. EZK 3 26 fy8s 0 General Information: The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. -EZK 3 26 en24 0 the roof of your mouth “the top of your mouth” -EZK 3 26 w5g2 0 you will be mute “you will not be able to speak” +EZK 3 26 en24 0 the roof of your mouth Alternate translation: “the top of your mouth” +EZK 3 26 w5g2 0 you will be mute Alternate translation: “you will not be able to speak” EZK 3 26 z3pl figs-metonymy 0 house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 3 27 pfr1 0 I will open your mouth “I will make you able to speak” -EZK 3 27 sy4s 0 the one who will not listen will not listen “the one who refuses to listen will not listen” +EZK 3 27 pfr1 0 I will open your mouth Alternate translation: “I will make you able to speak” +EZK 3 27 sy4s 0 the one who will not listen will not listen Alternate translation: “the one who refuses to listen will not listen” EZK 3 27 v6ss 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). EZK 4 intro dz5i 0 # Ezekiel 4 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Destruction of Jerusalem
The destruction of Jerusalem is pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the lack of food and water that would occur during the siege of Jerusalem. EZK 4 1 r8ry 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He tells Ezekiel to take a brick and dirt and pieces of wood and act as if he were Yahweh destroying the city of Jerusalem. -EZK 4 1 thl9 0 son of man “son of a human being” or “son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” +EZK 4 1 thl9 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” EZK 4 1 cn59 figs-explicit 0 carve the city of Jerusalem You may need to make explicit that Ezekiel is to carve a picture. Alternate translation: “carve a picture of the city of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 4 2 hk4u 0 lay siege against it “surround the city in order to capture it” +EZK 4 2 hk4u 0 lay siege against it Alternate translation: “surround the city in order to capture it” EZK 4 2 vr6r 0 build forts against it “build strong walls against it.” The walls would keep people from leaving the city. EZK 4 2 mfb8 0 Raise up an assault ramp against it “Build a ramp outside of it for the enemies to get inside.” Jerusalem had a wall around it to protect the people inside. The enemies could only get inside if they had a ramp to climb up over the wall. EZK 4 2 mdb4 0 Place battering rams all around it “Set around it huge poles people would use to break down the gates and get inside.” “Battering rams” are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. @@ -200,19 +200,19 @@ EZK 4 4 q5jk 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. EZK 4 4 qk6z 0 put the sin of the house of Israel on it This could mean: (1) “symbolically bear the punishment for the sins of the Israelites” or (2) “suffer by lying on your side because of their sin.” EZK 4 4 tm3q figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 4 4 kkq5 0 you will carry their sin This could mean: (1) “you will be guilty of their sin” or (2) “you will be punished for their sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated “symbolically” by Ezekiel as noted in the UST. -EZK 4 4 u5yy 0 lie down against the house of Israel “lie facing the kingdom of Israel in a hostile manner” -EZK 4 5 in3l 0 I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment “I myself command you to lie on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them” +EZK 4 4 u5yy 0 lie down against the house of Israel Alternate translation: “lie facing the kingdom of Israel in a hostile manner” +EZK 4 5 in3l 0 I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment Alternate translation: “I myself command you to lie on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them” EZK 4 5 rx67 0 each year of their punishment This could mean: (1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or (2) each year that they have sinned. EZK 4 5 wq3e translate-numbers 0 390 days “three hundred and ninety days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) EZK 4 6 qwn4 0 General Information: The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. EZK 4 6 y7xn 0 these days the days Ezekiel lies down on his left side to illustrate the siege of the kingdom of Israel EZK 4 6 s4h8 0 you will carry the sin This could mean: (1) “you will be guilty of the sin” or (2) “you will be punished for the sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated symbolically by Ezekiel as noted in the UST. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 4:4](../04/04.md). EZK 4 6 a25b figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 4 6 iys6 0 I am assigning to you one day for each year “I will make you do this one day for each year that I will punish them” +EZK 4 6 iys6 0 I am assigning to you one day for each year Alternate translation: “I will make you do this one day for each year that I will punish them” EZK 4 7 t4rt translate-symaction 0 Set your face toward Jerusalem that is under siege This is a command to stare at the model of Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing Jerusalem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege” or “Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege, so that it will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 4 7 knw2 figs-metonymy 0 Set your face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze. “Set your face” refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 4 7 w7t8 0 prophesy against it “prophesy about the bad things that will happen to Jerusalem” -EZK 4 8 e9sf 0 For behold “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 4 7 w7t8 0 prophesy against it Alternate translation: “prophesy about the bad things that will happen to Jerusalem” +EZK 4 8 e9sf 0 For behold Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” EZK 4 8 lua4 figs-metaphor 0 I am placing bonds on you Bonds are ropes or chains that keep a person from moving. It is not clear whether the word “bonds” is a metaphor for something Yahweh does that is as if he had bound Ezekiel or if he is using literal, physical ropes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 4 9 u9gx 0 General Information: The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. EZK 4 9 vw5v 0 wheat, barley … millet, and spelt These are different kinds of grains. @@ -229,14 +229,14 @@ EZK 4 12 se16 0 you will bake it on excrement of human dung “you will cook i EZK 4 13 kli6 0 will banish will send away by force EZK 4 14 nb2f 0 Alas, Lord Yahweh “Lord Yahweh, it would be wrong for me to do that.” Ezekiel is very troubled by what the Lord has told him to do. EZK 4 14 px83 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). Here Ezekiel is speaking to the Lord. -EZK 4 14 a59d 0 foul meat has never entered my mouth “I have never eaten foul meat” +EZK 4 14 a59d 0 foul meat has never entered my mouth Alternate translation: “I have never eaten foul meat” EZK 4 14 lc8j 0 foul meat “disgusting, unclean meat.” This refers to meat that is unclean because it has come from an animal that has died of sickness or old age or was killed by another animal. The word “foul” shows his disgust over meat like this. -EZK 4 15 n64y 0 Look “Listen” or “Pay attention to the important thing I will tell you now” -EZK 4 15 zf4y 0 I have given you “I will allow you to use” +EZK 4 15 n64y 0 Look Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to the important thing I will tell you now” +EZK 4 15 zf4y 0 I have given you Alternate translation: “I will allow you to use” EZK 4 15 g35w 0 cow manure solid waste from cows. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this. EZK 4 15 l517 0 human dung solid waste from humans. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:12](../04/12.md). -EZK 4 16 w9yv 0 Behold “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -EZK 4 16 s5sw 0 I am breaking the staff of bread in Jerusalem “I will stop the supply of food to Jerusalem” +EZK 4 16 w9yv 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 4 16 s5sw 0 I am breaking the staff of bread in Jerusalem Alternate translation: “I will stop the supply of food to Jerusalem” EZK 4 16 f6dt figs-metaphor 0 the staff of bread The supply is called a staff because some people need a staff to walk and do their work, and people need bread to live. Bread represents all kinds of food. Alternate translation: “the supply of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 4 16 i35y figs-explicit 0 they will eat bread while rationing it in anxiety You may need to make explicit why they will ration the bread. “they will carefully divide their bread because they fear that there will not be enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 4 16 kdq7 0 rationing giving small amounts of something of which there is not enough to many people @@ -245,19 +245,19 @@ EZK 4 17 s15b figs-explicit 0 every man will be dismayed at his brother and was EZK 4 17 bv4j figs-metaphor 0 waste away The phrase “waste away” is usually used of flesh or wood rotting. Here it is a metaphor for wicked people becoming thin and dying because they have no food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 5 intro hus5 0 # Ezekiel 5 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### The destruction of Jerusalem
The destruction of Jerusalem is continued to be pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the destruction of Jerusalem by fire and war. EZK 5 1 mvw5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. All instances of “the city” refer to the “city” that Ezekiel carved onto the brick ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md)). -EZK 5 1 wtm2 0 son of man “son of a human being” or “son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” -EZK 5 1 het3 0 barber’s razor “blade for cutting hair” -EZK 5 1 p4tg 0 pass the razor over your head and your beard “shave your head and your face” or “remove the hair from your head and the beard from your face” +EZK 5 1 wtm2 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” +EZK 5 1 het3 0 barber’s razor Alternate translation: “blade for cutting hair” +EZK 5 1 p4tg 0 pass the razor over your head and your beard Alternate translation: “shave your head and your face” or “remove the hair from your head and the beard from your face” EZK 5 2 x7gj translate-fraction 0 Burn a third of it “Burn a third of your hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) EZK 5 2 v81v 0 midst middle -EZK 5 2 p3xt 0 when the days of the siege are completed “when the days of Jerusalem’s siege have ended” or “when the days have ended that you show how Jerusalem will put under siege” +EZK 5 2 p3xt 0 when the days of the siege are completed Alternate translation: “when the days of Jerusalem’s siege have ended” or “when the days have ended that you show how Jerusalem will put under siege” EZK 5 2 iaa8 translate-fraction 0 take a third of the hair “take one of the three piles of hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) -EZK 5 2 d8s1 0 strike it with the sword all around the city “hit it with your sword all over the city” +EZK 5 2 d8s1 0 strike it with the sword all around the city Alternate translation: “hit it with your sword all over the city” EZK 5 2 aye1 translate-fraction 0 scatter a third of it to the wind “let the wind blow the last third of your hair in different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) EZK 5 2 b6bf figs-metonymy 0 I will draw out a sword to chase after the people The word “sword” is a metonym for enemy soldiers who will attack with their swords, and to “draw out a sword” is to send the soldiers into battle. Alternate translation: “I will cause their enemies to pursue them and attack them with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 5 2 f2fx 0 I will draw out a sword “I will pull a sword out of its container” +EZK 5 2 f2fx 0 I will draw out a sword Alternate translation: “I will pull a sword out of its container” EZK 5 3 aw1j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel. -EZK 5 3 y2te 0 a small number of hairs from them “a few hairs from the piles” +EZK 5 3 y2te 0 a small number of hairs from them Alternate translation: “a few hairs from the piles” EZK 5 3 vva4 0 tie them The word “them” refers to the hairs. This could mean: (1) the hairs were long enough so Ezekiel could tie them or (2) Ezekiel was to sew the hairs or otherwise attach them (3) Ezekiel was to place the hairs loosely in a fold of the garment. EZK 5 3 m7jf 0 the folds of your robe This could mean: (1) “the cloth on your arms” (“your sleeves”) or (2) “the end of the cloth on your robe” (“your hem”) or (3) the fold in the garment where it is tucked into the belt. EZK 5 4 qx1e figs-events 0 Then take This continues the instructions Yahweh gives to Ezekiel beginning with the words “But take” in verse 3. Ezekiel was to “take a small number of hairs” and “take more of the hair and throw it” when he shaved his hair and beard ([Ezekiel 5:1](../05/01.md)) and before he burned the hair ([Ezekiel 5:2](../05/02.md)). You may need to place these verses before those verses. “But when you shave off your hair and beard, and before you burn them, take … After you have scattered the hair to the wind, then take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) @@ -268,63 +268,63 @@ EZK 5 5 g9gl 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/ EZK 5 5 rka7 0 This is Jerusalem “This carving represents Jerusalem” ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md)) EZK 5 5 a826 0 in the midst of the nations This could mean: (1) other nations were on all sides of Jerusalem or (2) “more important than all other nations.” EZK 5 5 k186 figs-personification 0 I have placed her Jerusalem is referred to as “her” and “she.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -EZK 5 5 qg7v 0 other lands “the neighboring countries” or “the countries around her” -EZK 5 6 hl49 0 The people have rejected my judgments “The people of Israel and Jerusalem have refused to obey my judgments.” +EZK 5 5 qg7v 0 other lands Alternate translation: “the neighboring countries” or “the countries around her” +EZK 5 6 hl49 0 The people have rejected my judgments Alternate translation: “The people of Israel and Jerusalem have refused to obey my judgments.” EZK 5 7 ap1f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. EZK 5 7 puk4 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). -EZK 5 7 e8dd 0 Because you are more troublesome than “because your sinfulness is worse than” or “because you are more unruly than” -EZK 5 7 ijp8 0 that surround you “that are all around you.” +EZK 5 7 e8dd 0 Because you are more troublesome than Alternate translation: “because your sinfulness is worse than” or “because you are more unruly than” +EZK 5 7 ijp8 0 that surround you Alternate translation: “that are all around you.” EZK 5 7 a52g figs-metaphor 0 have not walked in my statutes Walking is a metaphor for the way a person lives. Alternate translation: “have not lived according to my statutes” or “have not obeyed my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 5 7 vkc9 0 or acted according to my decrees “or obeyed my decrees” -EZK 5 8 h1x6 0 Behold! “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” +EZK 5 7 vkc9 0 or acted according to my decrees Alternate translation: “or obeyed my decrees” +EZK 5 8 h1x6 0 Behold! Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” EZK 5 8 xp3l 0 I will execute judgments within your midst “I will judge you in various ways” or “I will punish you” . EZK 5 9 rsh8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel and Jerusalem. EZK 5 9 kbb8 0 what I have not done and the like of which I will not do again “as I have not done before and will not do in a similar way again” or “like I have never done before and will never do again” . EZK 5 9 v2eb 0 because of all your disgusting actions “because of all the disgusting things you do.” God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. EZK 5 10 k7dn 0 fathers will eat the children in your midst, and sons will eat their fathers Ezekiel is probably telling what will really happen when the people have no food. -EZK 5 10 f8kj 0 I will execute judgment on you “I will judge you” or “I will punish you severely” -EZK 5 10 n6c5 0 scatter to every direction all of you who are left “I will force all of you who are left to go to different places.” +EZK 5 10 f8kj 0 I will execute judgment on you Alternate translation: “I will judge you” or “I will punish you severely” +EZK 5 10 n6c5 0 scatter to every direction all of you who are left Alternate translation: “I will force all of you who are left to go to different places.” EZK 5 11 lpw2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. EZK 5 11 e2zn 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). EZK 5 11 hg2m 0 defiled … sanctuary ruined the place that Yahweh had set aside to be only for his use EZK 5 11 z6sh figs-explicit 0 with all your hateful things “with all of those things of yours that I hate.” You may need to make explicit that this refers to idols: “with all your idols, which I hate” or “with all your disgusting idols.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 5 11 my31 0 with all your disgusting deeds “with all the disgusting things that you do” +EZK 5 11 my31 0 with all your disgusting deeds Alternate translation: “with all the disgusting things that you do” EZK 5 11 i3z4 figs-synecdoche 0 my eye will not have pity on you The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not pity you” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -EZK 5 11 r14z 0 I will not spare you “I will surely punish you” -EZK 5 12 a3ye 0 they will be consumed by famine in your midst “many of them will die because of famine” +EZK 5 11 r14z 0 I will not spare you Alternate translation: “I will surely punish you” +EZK 5 12 a3ye 0 they will be consumed by famine in your midst Alternate translation: “many of them will die because of famine” EZK 5 13 z68n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. -EZK 5 13 az69 0 my wrath will be completed “I will no longer be angry because I will have done everything I wanted to do because I was angry” +EZK 5 13 az69 0 my wrath will be completed Alternate translation: “I will no longer be angry because I will have done everything I wanted to do because I was angry” EZK 5 13 w8xw figs-metonymy 0 I will cause my fury toward them to rest The word “fury” means violent anger, and here it is a metonym for punishment. “I will stop punishing them because I will have punished them fully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 5 13 b1ac figs-explicit 0 I will be satisfied You may need to make explicit why Yahweh will be satisfied. Alternate translation: “I will be satisfied that I have punished them enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 5 13 dxx1 0 when I have completed my fury against them “when I have finished punishing them” +EZK 5 13 dxx1 0 when I have completed my fury against them Alternate translation: “when I have finished punishing them” EZK 5 15 ik2z 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Judah. EZK 5 15 aiv4 figs-doublet 0 in wrath and fury The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is very angry. Alternate translation: “because I will be very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 5 16 pk83 figs-metonymy 0 will send out harsh arrows of famine against you The word “arrows” is a metonym for the sharp pains that people feel when they have had no food for a long time. Alternate translation: “will make you feel the pain of intense hunger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 5 16 tq5n 0 increase the famine on you “make the famine more severe for you” or “make the famine last longer for you” or “make sure that there is less and less for you to eat” +EZK 5 16 tq5n 0 increase the famine on you Alternate translation: “make the famine more severe for you” or “make the famine last longer for you” or “make sure that there is less and less for you to eat” EZK 5 16 y84u figs-metaphor 0 break your staff of bread A “staff” was something that people leaned upon to support them. This phrase is a metaphor that means removing the supply of food that the people were depending upon. See how “staff of bread” is translated in [Ezekiel 4:16](../04/16.md). Alternate translation: “cut off your food supply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 5 17 k7kf figs-personification 0 Plague and blood will pass through you Sickness and violent death are spoken of as if they were soldiers going through the city killing everyone they could. Alternate translation: “Many people will die of disease, and many others will die in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 6 intro j871 0 # Ezekiel 6 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Shrines on the hill tops

God will destroy all those who have been worshiping idols at the hill top shrines. EZK 6 1 ih46 figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: Yahweh is telling Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people so that the people of Israel would hear the words and know that Ezekiel’s words were for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) EZK 6 1 x3yv figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 6 2 hip9 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 6 2 hip9 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 6 2 u6qp translate-symaction 0 set your face against the mountains of Israel This is a command to stare at the mountains as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “stare at the mountains of Israel” or “stare at the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 6 2 guc4 translate-symaction 0 set your face against the mountains of Israel The mountains of Israel were far away, so Ezekiel could not see them, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming it. Alternate translation: “turn toward the mountains of Israel and stare” or “stare toward the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 6 2 s98w figs-metonymy 0 set your face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 6 2 e98m 0 the mountains of Israel “the mountains in the land of Israel” -EZK 6 3 uy62 0 Behold! “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” +EZK 6 2 e98m 0 the mountains of Israel Alternate translation: “the mountains in the land of Israel” +EZK 6 3 uy62 0 Behold! Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” EZK 6 3 ev2k 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). EZK 6 3 c5nh figs-metonymy 0 I am bringing a sword against you The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “I am bringing soldiers to come and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 6 4 i987 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel. EZK 6 4 sc5d figs-activepassive 0 Then your altars will become desolate and your pillars will be destroyed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will no longer worship at your altars and your enemy will destroy your pillars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 6 4 kbs8 figs-explicit 0 I will throw down Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers ([Ezekiel 6:3](../06/03.md)) to do these things. Alternate translation: “I will send soldiers to throw down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 6 4 yv9q 0 your dead “your people who have died” +EZK 6 4 yv9q 0 your dead Alternate translation: “your people who have died” EZK 6 5 utv5 figs-explicit 0 I will lay … and scatter Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers ([Ezekiel 6:3](../06/03.md)) to do these things. Alternate translation: “I will send soldiers to lay … and scatter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 6 6 k4gp 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel. EZK 6 6 ri8t figs-activepassive 0 cities will be laid waste This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Enemy armies will lay waste your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 6 6 iff1 figs-activepassive 0 they will be broken This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemy armies will break your altars” or “enemy armies will break them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 6 6 ez3w figs-activepassive 0 your pillars will be cut down This can be translated in active form. See how you translated “pillars” in [Ezekiel 6:4](../06/04.md). Alternate translation: “they will cut down your pillars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 6 6 qj8a figs-activepassive 0 your works will be wiped away This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will remember what you have done” or “they will destroy everything you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 6 7 ye9a 0 The dead will fall down in your midst “You will see the enemy kill many people” +EZK 6 7 ye9a 0 The dead will fall down in your midst Alternate translation: “You will see the enemy kill many people” EZK 6 7 i3ub figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 6 8 x38q 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel. EZK 6 8 p3b3 figs-metonymy 0 some who escape the sword The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “some whom the soldiers do not kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ EZK 6 11 v6gt writing-symlanguage 0 Clap your hands and stomp your foot Ezekiel EZK 6 11 nb8l 0 Alas This word is spoken by those who see people doing bad things and realize that bad things will happen to the evildoers as a result. If your language has a similar word, you might want to use it here. EZK 6 11 w4c1 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 6 11 kds2 0 they will fall by sword, famine, and plague. To “fall” is a euphemism for to “die.” The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: -EZK 6 12 cu81 0 I will accomplish my fury against them “I will satisfy my anger against them” or “I will punish them until I am no longer angry” +EZK 6 12 cu81 0 I will accomplish my fury against them Alternate translation: “I will satisfy my anger against them” or “I will punish them until I am no longer angry” EZK 6 13 n7bh 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel. EZK 6 13 rr6w 0 hill—on all the mountain peaks, and under every flourishing tree and thick oak Another possible meaning is “hill, on all the mountain peaks, under every flourishing tree, and under every thick oak.” EZK 6 13 txr9 0 flourishing healthy and growing @@ -351,13 +351,13 @@ EZK 7 1 kts6 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used EZK 7 2 q227 figs-123person 0 the Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 7 2 cz5j 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). EZK 7 2 pvc3 figs-metonymy 0 to the land of Israel The word “land” is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: “to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 7 2 j9de 0 An end! “The end has come!” +EZK 7 2 j9de 0 An end! Alternate translation: “The end has come!” EZK 7 2 m6is 0 the four borders of the land “the entire land” The “four borders” are to the north, east, south, and west. EZK 7 3 t8wc 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel. EZK 7 3 rmc8 figs-personification 0 the end is upon you The “end” is spoken of as if it were a robber attacking the people. Alternate translation: “your life is finished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 7 3 ty13 figs-metaphor 0 I am sending out my wrath on you “Wrath” is spoken of as if it were an arrow that Yahweh was shooting at the people. Alternate translation: “I am angry, and I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 7 3 yt4u 0 according to your ways “according to the things you do” or “because of the wicked things you do” -EZK 7 3 d31i 0 I will bring all your abominations upon you “I will punish you for doing those things that I hate so much” +EZK 7 3 yt4u 0 according to your ways Alternate translation: “according to the things you do” or “because of the wicked things you do” +EZK 7 3 d31i 0 I will bring all your abominations upon you Alternate translation: “I will punish you for doing those things that I hate so much” EZK 7 4 s8xd figs-synecdoche 0 For my eyes will not pity you The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “For I will not pity you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 7 4 n5vz figs-metaphor 0 I will bring your ways upon you The way a person lives is spoken of as a path on which one walks. Alternate translation: “I will punish you for the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 7 4 r54l 0 your abominations will be in your midst This could mean: (1) “I will punish all of you because of your abominations” or (2) “this will happen as long as you continue to worship idols.” @@ -366,30 +366,30 @@ EZK 7 5 p6dg 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people o EZK 7 5 mg8u figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 7 5 pr6h 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). EZK 7 5 jx8l 0 Disaster! A unique disaster! Behold, it is coming. These exclamations are meant to make the passage very strong. Alternate translation: “Behold, a terrible disaster is coming, one that no one has ever experienced before” -EZK 7 5 s2p9 0 Behold, it “You can be absolutely sure that it” +EZK 7 5 s2p9 0 Behold, it Alternate translation: “You can be absolutely sure that it” EZK 7 6 p8rf figs-personification 0 The end has woken up against you The judgment that is coming is treated as if it were an enemy waking up from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 7 7 tv29 figs-metonymy 0 the mountains will no longer be joyful The word “mountains” is a metonym for the people who live on the mountains. Alternate translation: “the people on the mountains will not have any more joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 7 8 f85a 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel. -EZK 7 8 j6i8 0 Now before long “Very soon now” +EZK 7 8 j6i8 0 Now before long Alternate translation: “Very soon now” EZK 7 8 efn1 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out my fury against you and fill up my wrath upon you Yahweh uses the terms “pour out” and “fill up” to speak of his anger as if it were water that he poured out into a jar. These phrases emphasize that Yahweh will punish the people severely. Alternate translation: “I will punish you severely because I am very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -EZK 7 8 x29m 0 fury “wrath” or “great anger” +EZK 7 8 x29m 0 fury Alternate translation: “wrath” or “great anger” EZK 7 9 g3le figs-synecdoche 0 For my eye will not look compassionately The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not look on them with compassion” or “I will not be compassionate to them” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -EZK 7 9 u6zj 0 I will not spare you “I will not leave you without punishment” or “I will punish you” +EZK 7 9 u6zj 0 I will not spare you Alternate translation: “I will not leave you without punishment” or “I will punish you” EZK 7 9 fbm4 0 your abominations will be in your midst so you will know that I am Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 7:4](../07/04.md). EZK 7 10 z47j 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel. EZK 7 10 x4mj figs-explicit 0 Behold, the day! Behold, it is coming! “Behold! The day is coming!” You may need to make explicit which day is coming. Alternate translation: “Behold! The day when I will punish you is coming!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 7 10 n977 0 Behold “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -EZK 7 10 xv3u 0 Doom has gone out “Disaster has begun to come to Israel” or “Terrible things have begun to happen” +EZK 7 10 n977 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 7 10 xv3u 0 Doom has gone out Alternate translation: “Disaster has begun to come to Israel” or “Terrible things have begun to happen” EZK 7 10 yu2t figs-metaphor 0 The rod has blossomed, arrogance has budded This could mean: (1) “The people of Israel have grown very proud” or (2) “The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 7 12 bn6n 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel. EZK 7 12 qp62 figs-parallelism 0 The time is coming; the day has come close Both “The time” and “the day” refer to the time when God will punish the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel’s punishment will happen very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -EZK 7 12 ny3b 0 my anger is on the entire multitude “I am angry with the whole multitude” +EZK 7 12 ny3b 0 my anger is on the entire multitude Alternate translation: “I am angry with the whole multitude” EZK 7 12 vt9d 0 multitude a very large number of people. Here it refers to the people of Israel. EZK 7 13 d9pl 0 as long as they both live as long as “the buyer” and “the seller” (7:12) both live -EZK 7 13 i546 0 the vision concerning the entire multitude will not be reversed “God will surely do to the multitude what he has shown me” +EZK 7 13 i546 0 the vision concerning the entire multitude will not be reversed Alternate translation: “God will surely do to the multitude what he has shown me” EZK 7 13 ex6g figs-activepassive 0 none of them will be strengthened This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not strengthen any of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 7 14 t3cl 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel. -EZK 7 14 r62j 0 They have blown the trumpet “They have blown the trumpet to call people to fight against the enemy” +EZK 7 14 r62j 0 They have blown the trumpet Alternate translation: “They have blown the trumpet to call people to fight against the enemy” EZK 7 14 yqb2 0 my anger is on the entire multitude “I am angry with the whole multitude.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 7:12](../07/12.md). EZK 7 15 ea3s 0 The sword is on the outside The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: EZK 7 15 m9pg 0 the building the city @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ EZK 7 17 j698 figs-euphemism 0 every knee will be weak as water Another possibl EZK 7 17 p7gb figs-simile 0 knee … weak as water Water cannot stand up, and the people’s knees will be so weak that the people are unable to stand on their legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 7 18 rp7c figs-metaphor 0 terror will cover them Terror is spoken of as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “everyone will see how terrified they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 7 18 gtb2 figs-explicit 0 baldness on all of their heads Shaving the head was a sign of sadness. Alternate translation: “all of them will shave their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 7 19 xfz1 0 in the day of Yahweh’s rage “in the day when Yahweh acts on his anger” or “when Yahweh punishes them” +EZK 7 19 xfz1 0 in the day of Yahweh’s rage Alternate translation: “in the day when Yahweh acts on his anger” or “when Yahweh punishes them” EZK 7 19 u2cm 0 the day This can be a time period of more or less than one 24-hour day. EZK 7 19 ux4y figs-activepassive 0 their hunger will not be satisfied This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will not be able to satisfy their hunger” or “they will still be hungry even after they eat all they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 7 19 n5ad 0 their iniquity has become a stumbling block This could mean: (1) “because having a lot of gold and silver has led them to sin” or (2) “because they are evil, they are committing sins that show how evil they are.” @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ EZK 7 20 pbt7 0 with them with the jeweled ornaments EZK 7 21 jpj3 figs-metonymy 0 I will give those things into the hand of strangers The word “hand” is used to refer to control. “I will give those idols into the control of people they do not know” or “I will give those idols to people they do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 7 21 n7gz 0 plunder things that are stolen or taken by force EZK 7 21 apv5 0 they will defile them The strangers and wicked people will defile the idols that the people of Israel had made. -EZK 7 22 u5yj 0 I will turn my face away “I will not pay attention” or “I will look away” or “I will not notice” +EZK 7 22 u5yj 0 I will turn my face away Alternate translation: “I will not pay attention” or “I will look away” or “I will not notice” EZK 7 22 ge5t 0 my cherished place “the place I love.” This refers to God’s temple. EZK 7 22 u74s 0 bandits violent people who steal and destroy EZK 7 23 zs1w 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to Ezekiel about Israel. @@ -418,15 +418,15 @@ EZK 7 23 y53i 0 Make a chain Chains are used to hold slaves or prisoners. God EZK 7 23 gu3l figs-metonymy 0 the land is filled with the judgment of blood This could mean: (1) “everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others” or (2) “the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people.” The word “blood” here represents murder and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 7 23 u3zi figs-metaphor 0 the city is full of violence The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. The abstract noun “violence” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “violence is everywhere in the city” or “many people in the city are doing violent things to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 7 24 r3n8 0 they will possess their houses the wicked will take the Israelites’ houses -EZK 7 24 a75e 0 I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty “I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves” +EZK 7 24 a75e 0 I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty Alternate translation: “I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves” EZK 7 24 zk6t figs-activepassive 0 their holy places will be defiled! This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies will defile the places where they worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 7 24 tyh8 0 their holy places the places in which they worshiped idols -EZK 7 25 acw4 0 Fear will come “The people will be afraid” -EZK 7 25 tyg5 0 They will seek peace “They will try to make peace with their enemies” -EZK 7 25 c19s 0 but there will be none “but they will be unable to make peace with their enemies” +EZK 7 25 acw4 0 Fear will come Alternate translation: “The people will be afraid” +EZK 7 25 tyg5 0 They will seek peace Alternate translation: “They will try to make peace with their enemies” +EZK 7 25 c19s 0 but there will be none Alternate translation: “but they will be unable to make peace with their enemies” EZK 7 26 br9z 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel. EZK 7 26 v3q8 figs-personification 0 Disaster upon disaster will come Disaster is spoken of as if it could move by itself. Alternate translation: “One disaster after another will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -EZK 7 26 sxh6 0 they will seek a vision from the prophet “they will ask the prophets what visions they have seen” +EZK 7 26 sxh6 0 they will seek a vision from the prophet Alternate translation: “they will ask the prophets what visions they have seen” EZK 7 26 f4qm 0 the law will perish from the priest and advice from the elders “The priests will not teach the law, and the elders will not be able to give good advice.” This is because God will not give them wisdom. EZK 7 27 t2rb 0 the prince This could mean: (1) “the king’s son” or (2) every male member of the royal family except the king. EZK 7 27 gux5 figs-idiom 0 will dress in despair This could mean: (1) clothing is a metonym for what a person feels, “will have no hope,” or (2) “will dress in clothes that show he is mourning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -438,22 +438,22 @@ EZK 8 1 r44k translate-ordinal 0 in the sixth year You may need to make explici EZK 8 1 kh86 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the sixth month, in the fifth day of the month This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of September on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “the fifth day of the sixth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 8 1 g1l3 figs-metaphor 0 the hand of the Lord Yahweh again fell upon me This should be translated literally, as Ezekiel later sees something like a hand. Others may choose to consider the hand a metaphor for Yahweh’s presence or power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 8 1 mzl2 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). -EZK 8 1 ni1l 0 fell upon “took hold of” +EZK 8 1 ni1l 0 fell upon Alternate translation: “took hold of” EZK 8 2 c8h3 figs-abstractnouns 0 a likeness with the appearance of a man Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man. Both “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “there was someone who appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 8 2 lie4 0 glowing metal When metal is very hot, it glows with a yellow or orange light. EZK 8 2 dw9z figs-abstractnouns 0 the appearance of his hips … the appearance of something shining The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what appeared to be his hips … what appeared to be something shining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 8 3 r1s3 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues telling about the vision from God. EZK 8 3 mje5 0 he reached out The word “he” probably refers to the “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)). -EZK 8 3 q8np 0 between earth and heaven “between the ground and the sky” +EZK 8 3 q8np 0 between earth and heaven Alternate translation: “between the ground and the sky” EZK 8 3 h6bp 0 in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem The words “in visions” mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel’s thoughts. His body would still be in his home while God shows him these things. EZK 8 3 k28b figs-explicit 0 the inner northern gate “the inner northern gate of the temple.” The temple was surrounded by two walls, one inside the other. This gate was on the north side of the inner wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 8 3 bpy7 0 the idol that provokes great jealousy “the idol that causes God to be very jealous” +EZK 8 3 bpy7 0 the idol that provokes great jealousy Alternate translation: “the idol that causes God to be very jealous” EZK 8 4 eu7m 0 according to the vision I had seen on the plain This could mean: (1) “who looked the same as what I had seen in the vision that I saw when I was on the plain” or (2) “who looked the same as what I saw when I was on the plain.” EZK 8 4 x9fq 0 the plain a large area of flat land that has few trees. EZK 8 5 h9iv 0 General Information: The “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)) speaks to Ezekiel. EZK 8 5 i1ht figs-explicit 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 8 5 y68q figs-idiom 0 lift up your eyes … lifted up my eyes This idiom means that he should look towards something. Alternate translation: “look up … looked up” or “turn your head and look … turned my head and looked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 8 5 kcq2 0 gate leading to the altar “gate through which people would walk so they could go to the altar” +EZK 8 5 kcq2 0 gate leading to the altar Alternate translation: “gate through which people would walk so they could go to the altar” EZK 8 6 ru9g figs-rquestion 0 do you see what they are doing? God uses this question to bring Ezekiel’s attention to what the people were doing. Alternate translation: “I want you to understand why I hate what the people here are doing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 8 6 j84y figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 8 7 l1ke figs-explicit 0 the courtyard You may need to make explicit which courtyard. “the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -465,32 +465,32 @@ EZK 8 11 q6xk translate-names 0 Jaazaniah … Shaphan men’s names (See: [[rc: EZK 8 11 b5gn 0 censer a pan that people burn incense in when they worship God or false gods EZK 8 12 h4rf figs-rquestion 0 do you see what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark? God is commanding Ezekiel to look at what the elders are doing. Alternate translation: “look at what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 8 12 jd3f figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 8 12 t1xu 0 the hidden chamber of his idol “the room where no one can see him worship his idol” +EZK 8 12 t1xu 0 the hidden chamber of his idol Alternate translation: “the room where no one can see him worship his idol” EZK 8 14 kg11 0 the entrance of the gate of Yahweh’s house that was on the north side This was the outer north gate—not the same one as in [Ezekiel 8:3](../08/03.md). EZK 8 14 sjj1 0 behold! This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. EZK 8 14 b5rb translate-names 0 mourning for Tammuz grieving because the false god Tammuz had died (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZK 8 15 rjm9 figs-rquestion 0 Do you see this … man? Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. Alternate translation: “Think about this … man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 8 16 hz3d 0 behold! This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. EZK 8 16 f91g 0 portico covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support -EZK 8 16 bk4v 0 their faces toward the east “they were looking toward the east” +EZK 8 16 bk4v 0 their faces toward the east Alternate translation: “they were looking toward the east” EZK 8 17 t38e figs-rquestion 0 Do you see this … man? Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. Alternate translation: “Think about this … man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 8 17 rp1r figs-rquestion 0 Is it a little thing for the house of Judah to do these abominations that they are doing here? God uses this question to show that he is right to be angry at the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “I am right to be angry at the house of Judah because of these abominations that they are doing here.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 8 17 wsq5 figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 8 17 jz5k 0 they have filled the land with violence “throughout the country they are doing violent things or “all over the country they are attacking one another” -EZK 8 17 bq27 0 to provoke me to anger “to make me angry” +EZK 8 17 jz5k 0 they have filled the land with violence Alternate translation: “throughout the country they are doing violent things or “all over the country they are attacking one another” +EZK 8 17 bq27 0 to provoke me to anger Alternate translation: “to make me angry” EZK 8 17 s9li figs-idiom 0 putting the branch to their noses This could mean: (1) the people were using the branches in false worship or (2) the people were using the branches to show rebellion against Yahweh. The words “branch to … noses” may be a literal tree branch and literal noses, or they could be the term for a hand gesture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 8 18 ivi2 figs-synecdoche 0 my eye will not have compassion The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not look on them with compassion” or “I will not be compassionate to them” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -EZK 8 18 h7ic 0 I will not spare them “I will still punish them” -EZK 8 18 ay27 0 Though they cry in my ears with a loud voice “Though they yell their prayers to me with a loud voice” -EZK 8 18 d7vs 0 I will not hear them “I will not listen to them” +EZK 8 18 h7ic 0 I will not spare them Alternate translation: “I will still punish them” +EZK 8 18 ay27 0 Though they cry in my ears with a loud voice Alternate translation: “Though they yell their prayers to me with a loud voice” +EZK 8 18 d7vs 0 I will not hear them Alternate translation: “I will not listen to them” EZK 9 intro jy4e 0 # Ezekiel 9 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Sorrow over sin

God was looking for people who were sad that there was so much evil being done. Yahweh would keep these faithful people from being killed with the rest of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) EZK 9 1 q9n5 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision God gave him. It started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md). -EZK 9 1 d5u4 0 he cried in my hearing “I heard him call out” +EZK 9 1 d5u4 0 he cried in my hearing Alternate translation: “I heard him call out” EZK 9 1 jw3q 0 he cried the “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)) cried EZK 9 1 ew8m 0 weapon of destruction weapon for destroying people or things EZK 9 2 mpa9 0 weapon of slaughter weapon for killing many people -EZK 9 2 s8gh 0 behold “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -EZK 9 2 jt5l 0 the upper gate that faces north “the upper northern gate” or “the north gate of the inner court” +EZK 9 2 s8gh 0 behold Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 9 2 jt5l 0 the upper gate that faces north Alternate translation: “the upper northern gate” or “the north gate of the inner court” EZK 9 2 b5f1 translate-unknown 0 linen a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. Alternate translation: “smooth cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) EZK 9 2 i87b 0 scribe’s equipment tools that scribes write with EZK 9 2 tl3q translate-unknown 0 bronze A dark gold-colored metal. It is made from mostly copper with tin added for strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) @@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ EZK 9 4 a4ww figs-doublet 0 groan and sigh These are sounds people make when th EZK 9 4 qf2l 0 the abominations being performed in the midst of the city “the horrible things being done in the city” or “the detestable things that people are doing in the city EZK 9 5 mrs3 0 he spoke to the others within my hearing The word “others” refers to the guards ([Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md)). EZK 9 5 r5es figs-synecdoche 0 Do not let your eyes have compassion The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “Do not have compassion” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -EZK 9 5 w6k5 0 do not spare “do not refrain from killing” +EZK 9 5 w6k5 0 do not spare Alternate translation: “do not refrain from killing” EZK 9 6 p9s8 0 mark on his head These were the people who groaned about the abominations happening in Jerusalem. See how you translated “mark” in [Ezekiel 9:4](../09/04.md). EZK 9 6 e6wg figs-explicit 0 Begin at my sanctuary You may need to make explicit what the people are to begin to do at the sanctuary. Alternate translation: “Begin to kill the ones who do not have the mark at my sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 9 6 j3le 0 the elders This could mean: (1) the “seventy elders of the house of Israel” ([Ezekiel 8:11](../08/11.md)) or (2) any “old man” (see the beginning of the verse). @@ -514,23 +514,23 @@ EZK 9 8 wp6i 0 Ah, Lord Yahweh Ezekiel says this because he is very troubled b EZK 9 8 tm5e figs-idiom 0 will you destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem? Ezekiel is pleading with Yahweh not to destroy the remnant. Alternate translation: “please do not destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 9 8 gw3d figs-abstractnouns 0 in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem Wrath is spoken of as if it were a liquid that Yahweh could pour out of a container. The word “Jerusalem” is a metonym for the people in the city. The abstract noun “outpouring” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem” or “when you punish the people of Jerusalem because you are very angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 9 9 b5dk figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 9 9 v24y 0 exceedingly great “very great” +EZK 9 9 v24y 0 exceedingly great Alternate translation: “very great” EZK 9 9 xs21 figs-metaphor 0 The land is full of blood and the city full of perversions Here “land” is spoken of as if it were a container filled with blood. Here “blood” is metonym for murder. And “city” is spoken of as if it were a container and “perversions” were the contents inside of it. Alternate translation: “All over the land people are killing innocent people, and all over the city people are doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 9 10 t7gp figs-synecdoche 0 my eye will not look with compassion The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not look on them with compassion” or “I will not be compassionate to them” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 9 10 ry6f 0 bring it all on their heads To bring someone’s conduct on him represents punishing him for his bad conduct. Alternate translation: “punishing them as they deserve” -EZK 9 11 u3ij 0 Behold “Pay attention to what I am about to say” +EZK 9 11 u3ij 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say” EZK 9 11 yrc2 translate-unknown 0 linen a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). Alternate translation: “smooth cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -EZK 9 11 lgs3 0 He reported and said “He reported to Yahweh and told him” +EZK 9 11 lgs3 0 He reported and said Alternate translation: “He reported to Yahweh and told him” EZK 10 intro yaf7 0 # Ezekiel 10 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### God left the temple

God now abandoned Judah, and left the temple. This was devastating to the religious life of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) EZK 10 1 bk81 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md). -EZK 10 1 cpq3 0 toward the dome “toward the curved roof” +EZK 10 1 cpq3 0 toward the dome Alternate translation: “toward the curved roof” EZK 10 1 scp4 0 cherubim See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). EZK 10 1 fk83 0 like a sapphire a valuable blue or green gemstone EZK 10 1 ema4 0 with the appearance of the likeness of a throne “that looked like something that looked like a throne.” Ezekiel is not willing to say for sure that it looked like a throne. EZK 10 2 gcl9 translate-unknown 0 linen a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). Alternate translation: “smooth cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) EZK 10 2 k5j9 0 Go between the wheels Translate the word “wheels” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). EZK 10 2 k823 0 fiery coals Coals are the burned pieces of wood left over after a fire. They are black, but they glow red and orange when they are very hot. They are also called charcoal. -EZK 10 2 h16i 0 scatter them over the city “sprinkle them over the city” or “spread them over the city” +EZK 10 2 h16i 0 scatter them over the city Alternate translation: “sprinkle them over the city” or “spread them over the city” EZK 10 3 er9k 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel interrupts his description of what was happening and describes what he saw. EZK 10 3 iz5u writing-background 0 The cherubim stood … inner courtyard This is background information for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) EZK 10 3 ijb3 0 cherubim See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). @@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ EZK 10 6 scy2 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark when the action EZK 10 6 pzn4 0 when God commanded the man dressed in linen and said This is a repeat of the information that was given in [Ezekiel 10:2](../10/02.md). After talking about the cherubim and God’s glory in 10:3-5, Ezekiel returns to telling about the man who was wearing linen. EZK 10 6 hkd5 0 the man dressed in linen Translate “linen” as in [Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md). EZK 10 6 ge4b 0 beside a wheel Translate “wheel” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). -EZK 10 8 n4cv 0 I saw on the cherubim something like a man’s hand under their wings “I saw that the cherubim had something like a man’s hand under their wings” +EZK 10 8 n4cv 0 I saw on the cherubim something like a man’s hand under their wings Alternate translation: “I saw that the cherubim had something like a man’s hand under their wings” EZK 10 9 cwh7 0 behold Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw EZK 10 9 q9j7 0 wheels See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). EZK 10 9 d8v9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the appearance of the wheels was like a beryl stone The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the wheels appeared to be like a beryl stone” or “what appeared to be wheels were like a beryl stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -555,19 +555,19 @@ EZK 10 12 a1cv 0 wheels Translate the word “wheels” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](. EZK 10 13 r5jq figs-activepassive 0 the wheels were called, “Whirling.” The word “Whirling” means “Spinning.” Here it is the name of the wheels. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone called the wheels, ‘Whirling.’” or “the name of the wheels was ‘Whirling.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 10 14 edf6 0 They had four faces each “Each cherub had four faces” or “Each of the cherubim had four faces.” Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:6](../01/06.md). EZK 10 15 c58d 0 living creatures See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13](../01/13.md). -EZK 10 15 jya4 0 rose up “went up into the air” -EZK 10 16 r9ip 0 They still stayed beside them “The wheels stayed with the cherubim.” Alternate translation: “The wheels moved with the cherubim” -EZK 10 17 x7na 0 stood still “stayed still” or “did not move” +EZK 10 15 jya4 0 rose up Alternate translation: “went up into the air” +EZK 10 16 r9ip 0 They still stayed beside them Alternate translation: “The wheels stayed with the cherubim.” Alternate translation: “The wheels moved with the cherubim” +EZK 10 17 x7na 0 stood still Alternate translation: “stayed still” or “did not move” EZK 10 17 b52c figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels This could mean: (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 15 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:20](../01/20.md). Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 10 18 m9ii 0 the glory of Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). EZK 10 18 gb9v 0 the house the temple -EZK 10 18 x2tm 0 stood over “stayed over” or “waited over” -EZK 10 19 c2qy 0 came upon them from above “went above the cherubim” +EZK 10 18 x2tm 0 stood over Alternate translation: “stayed over” or “waited over” +EZK 10 19 c2qy 0 came upon them from above Alternate translation: “went above the cherubim” EZK 10 20 b8ev 0 the living creatures See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13](../01/13.md). EZK 10 20 mjn1 0 the Kebar Canal This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). EZK 10 21 is6s figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of human hands Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like human hands. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “something that looked like human hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 10 22 vgn2 figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of their faces was like the faces that I had seen The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “their faces looked like the faces that I had seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 10 22 z9wt 0 went straight ahead “faced forward” or “looked directly ahead” +EZK 10 22 z9wt 0 went straight ahead Alternate translation: “faced forward” or “looked directly ahead” EZK 11 intro p5z8 0 # Ezekiel 11 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Safety

The people were trusting Jerusalem to keep them safe. But God was going to pull them out of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metaphor

The people in Jerusalem used the metaphor “this city is the pot and we are the meat in the pot” meaning they were safe in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 11 1 fu4d 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that started in [Ezekiel 8:1](../08/01.md). EZK 11 1 fu8k 0 to the eastern gate of Yahweh’s house, facing east This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. Alternate translation: “the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding Yahweh’s house” or “the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard” @@ -575,9 +575,9 @@ EZK 11 1 vq4e 0 Yahweh’s house See how you translated this phrase in [Ezekie EZK 11 1 i38v 0 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. EZK 11 1 wh2t translate-numbers 0 twenty-five men “25 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) EZK 11 1 maj2 translate-names 0 Jaazaniah son of Azzur and Pelatiah son of Benaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZK 11 1 w2rd 0 among them “among the twenty-five men” +EZK 11 1 w2rd 0 among them Alternate translation: “among the twenty-five men” EZK 11 2 xpp8 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision. -EZK 11 2 unw8 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 11 2 unw8 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 11 3 g14h 0 The time to build houses is not now This shows the people feel so secure they are not worried about building houses now. Other versions of the Bible read, “Now is the time to build our houses.” This would mean that the people want to build houses because they feel secure. EZK 11 3 a2wt figs-metaphor 0 this city is the pot, and we are the meat The people speak of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. The metaphor suggests that they are important and safe within the city. Alternate translation: “This city is like a pot that will protect us as a pot protects meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 11 3 nf9t 0 the pot This could mean: (1) a pot for storing meat or (2) a pot for cooking meat. @@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ EZK 11 10 g6p1 figs-metonymy 0 You will fall by the sword The word “sword” EZK 11 10 t7zd figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 11 11 m2wb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. EZK 11 11 th4x figs-metaphor 0 This city will not be your cooking pot, nor will you be the meat The people had spoken of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. Yahweh says that this is not true. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “This city is not like a pot that will protect you as a pot protects meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 11 11 pku7 0 within the borders of Israel “in the land of Israel” +EZK 11 11 pku7 0 within the borders of Israel Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” EZK 11 12 yep1 figs-metaphor 0 the one whose statutes you have not walked in Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “the one whose statutes you have not obeyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 11 13 gb3r 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. EZK 11 13 t9qn translate-names 0 Pelatiah son of Benaiah This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:1](../11/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -627,22 +627,22 @@ EZK 11 22 j4fr 0 cherubim See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/0 EZK 11 24 tg29 figs-metaphor 0 the vision that I had seen went up from upon me Ezekiel speaks of the vision ending as if the vision was an object that had been upon him and then left him. Alternate translation: “the vision that I had seen ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 12 intro f6uu 0 # Ezekiel 12 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Exile

God warned that very soon the people in Jerusalem would be exiled to Babylon. EZK 12 1 k8p8 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 12 2 jq8g 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 12 2 jq8g 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 12 2 hn5d figs-metonymy 0 a rebellious house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “a rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 12 2 l1eb figs-metaphor 0 they have eyes to see but they do not see … they have ears to hear but do not listen People being unable to understand Yahweh’s message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were unable physically to see and hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 12 3 a32k 0 General Information: Yahweh is telling Ezekiel to act out another parable. -EZK 12 3 kd9n 0 Therefore as for you “So then, this is what I say to you” -EZK 12 3 t8sf 0 in their sight “as they watch” +EZK 12 3 kd9n 0 Therefore as for you Alternate translation: “So then, this is what I say to you” +EZK 12 3 t8sf 0 in their sight Alternate translation: “as they watch” EZK 12 3 xs13 figs-metaphor 0 Perhaps they will begin to see People being able to understand Yahweh’s message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were able physically to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 12 3 c6qb figs-metonymy 0 a rebellious house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “a rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 12 4 na2h 0 General Information: God is speaking to Ezekiel and describing how he should act out the parable. -EZK 12 4 x9j5 0 in their sight “as they watch” +EZK 12 4 x9j5 0 in their sight Alternate translation: “as they watch” EZK 12 6 u4pj figs-metaphor 0 have set you as a sign Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. Alternate translation: “have made you to be a warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 12 6 qb8m figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 12 7 f9ht 0 General Information: Ezekiel shows the people of Israel they will soon be forced into exile. EZK 12 7 j529 figs-activepassive 0 just as I was commanded This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “just as Yahweh commanded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 12 7 zec9 0 dug a hole through the wall by hand “dug a hole through the wall with my hands” -EZK 12 7 i7ai 0 in the dark “at night” +EZK 12 7 zec9 0 dug a hole through the wall by hand Alternate translation: “dug a hole through the wall with my hands” +EZK 12 7 i7ai 0 in the dark Alternate translation: “at night” EZK 12 8 l466 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 12 9 l9r6 figs-rquestion 0 Son of man, is the house of Israel, that rebellious house, not asking, ‘What are you doing?’ God asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knew—that the people had asked him this question. Alternate translation: “Son of man, the house of Israel, that rebellious house, is asking, ‘What are you doing?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 12 9 jq4d figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel, that rebellious house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate “rebellious house” as in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, that rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -650,9 +650,9 @@ EZK 12 9 vl36 figs-explicit 0 What are you doing Since the people had seen what EZK 12 10 f31s figs-explicit 0 in whose midst they are The phrase “in whose midst” refers to Jerusalem, while “they” refers to the “house of Israel.” Alternate translation: “who are in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 12 11 bud3 figs-metaphor 0 I am a sign to you Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Ezekiel speaks of himself and his actions as being this warning. Alternate translation: “I am a warning to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 12 11 lu5x figs-activepassive 0 so it will be done to them The word “them” refers to the people living in Jerusalem. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so others will do to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 12 12 kqe1 0 in the dark “at night” +EZK 12 12 kqe1 0 in the dark Alternate translation: “at night” EZK 12 12 dv4h 0 They will dig through the wall The word “They” refers to the people living in Jerusalem. -EZK 12 12 nic6 0 He will cover his face “The prince will cover his face” +EZK 12 12 nic6 0 He will cover his face Alternate translation: “The prince will cover his face” EZK 12 13 v599 figs-metaphor 0 I will spread out my net over him and he will be caught in my snare Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to capture the prince as if he himself were catching the prince in a trap that he had set. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 12 13 b8eb figs-explicit 0 I will bring him to Babylon Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to bring the prince to Babylon as if he himself were bringing the prince there. Alternate translation: “I will cause the Chaldeans to bring him to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 12 14 g1lt figs-metonymy 0 I will send out a sword after them The word “sword” is a metonym for enemy armies who will attack with their swords. Alternate translation: “I will send armies to pursue them with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ EZK 12 24 su9i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what to EZK 12 24 ic9f figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 12 25 u14a figs-idiom 0 I carry out the words that I speak This idiom means that Yahweh does what he says. Alternate translation: “I do the things that I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 12 25 tt5d figs-explicit 0 The matter will no longer be delayed The “matter” refers to the things that Yahweh says will happen. Alternate translation: “What I say will no longer be delayed” or “What I say will happen soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 12 25 q5pn 0 I will speak this word “I will speak this message” or “I will speak this prophecy” +EZK 12 25 q5pn 0 I will speak this word Alternate translation: “I will speak this message” or “I will speak this prophecy” EZK 12 25 k2w3 figs-idiom 0 in your days This idiom refers to the period of time in which a person lives. Alternate translation: “while you are alive” or “during you lifetime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 12 25 v5wt figs-metonymy 0 rebellious house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 12 25 a4fd figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) @@ -683,8 +683,8 @@ EZK 12 27 e8hv figs-parallelism 0 The vision that he sees is for many days from EZK 12 28 t479 figs-activepassive 0 My words will not be delayed any longer This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will no longer delay the word I have spoken” or “I will no longer delay doing what I said I would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 13 intro g7xl 0 # Ezekiel 13 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

### False prophets

God spoke against people who said they were prophesying but had not received any message from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metaphor

God said of people who encourage others to feel safe even when they continue to sin were not strengthening a wall but just putting whitewash on it to hide the imperfections. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 13 1 eh7a figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 13 2 xk9v 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” -EZK 13 2 wva8 0 prophesying out of their own imaginations “prophesying only the things that they imagine” +EZK 13 2 xk9v 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 13 2 wva8 0 prophesying out of their own imaginations Alternate translation: “prophesying only the things that they imagine” EZK 13 3 utk4 figs-idiom 0 who follow their own spirit Here the word “spirit” represents the thoughts and ideas of the person. To “follow” here is an idiom that means to do what their own ideas suggest for them to do. Alternate translation: “who act according to their own ideas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 13 4 m1pb figs-simile 0 like jackals in the wastelands Like jackals that scavenge for food and shelter among the abandoned ruins of cities, the prophets are using the destruction of Jerusalem for their own benefit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 13 4 wa76 0 jackals wild animals that are related to dogs and that scavenge for food in abandoned places. @@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ EZK 13 5 l4sl figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a met EZK 13 5 m2a3 figs-explicit 0 resist in battle You can supply the implicit information here. Alternate translation: “resist the enemy armies” or “defend the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 13 5 nqi9 figs-explicit 0 the day of Yahweh This refers to the time when Yahweh will judge his people by means of an enemy army. Alternate translation: “the day of Yahweh’s judgment” or “the day when Yahweh judges you by sending enemy armies to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 13 6 bj6l figs-idiom 0 Such and such This is a phrase used to refer to anything the prophet may have said. Your language may have another way to say this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 13 6 hv2j 0 Yahweh’s declaration “is what Yahweh has declared” +EZK 13 6 hv2j 0 Yahweh’s declaration Alternate translation: “is what Yahweh has declared” EZK 13 7 dd96 figs-rquestion 0 Have you not had false visions … when I myself have not spoken? Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the false prophets. Alternate translation: “You have had false visions … because I myself have not spoken.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 13 7 ul2r 0 had false visions and made false predictions Since the false prophets have not really received a message from Yahweh, what they predict about the future is not true. EZK 13 8 g7d3 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) @@ -714,13 +714,13 @@ EZK 13 12 zbu8 figs-rquestion 0 Have others not said to you, “Where is the wh EZK 13 12 d3qf figs-rquestion 0 Where is the whitewash that you put on it? This could mean: (1) that this is an honest question for which the people expect and answer or (2) this is a rhetorical question that the people ask out of sarcasm. Alternate translation: “The whitewash that you put on it did no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 13 13 l6dh figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 13 13 ap58 figs-metaphor 0 I will bring a windstorm … completely destroy it. Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 13 13 hsw4 0 in my rage … in my wrath … in my rage “because of my rage … because of my wrath … because my rage.” -EZK 13 14 vm16 0 lay bare “uncover” +EZK 13 13 hsw4 0 in my rage … in my wrath … in my rage Alternate translation: “because of my rage … because of my wrath … because my rage.” +EZK 13 14 vm16 0 lay bare Alternate translation: “uncover” EZK 13 14 hbi9 figs-metaphor 0 you will be annihilated in the middle of it all The phrase “in the middle of it all” refers to the stones of the wall that Yahweh will break down. He speaks of destroying the people in his judgment as if the wall would crush them to death when he breaks it down. Alternate translation: “all of its stones will crush you to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 13 14 lr73 0 annihilated “destroyed” +EZK 13 14 lr73 0 annihilated Alternate translation: “destroyed” EZK 13 14 z436 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 13 15 l8qe figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 13 15 b676 0 I will annihilate in my fury “Because I am very angry, I will annihilate” +EZK 13 15 b676 0 I will annihilate in my fury Alternate translation: “Because I am very angry, I will annihilate” EZK 13 15 ctz7 0 whitewashed it The word “whitewash” refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 13:10](../13/10.md). EZK 13 16 sf6q 0 the prophets of Israel who prophesied about Jerusalem and who had visions of peace for her This phrase defines who “the people who whitewashed it” are. EZK 13 16 ey4q 0 visions of peace for her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. @@ -738,8 +738,8 @@ EZK 13 19 ea74 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak against the fa EZK 13 19 le52 figs-parallelism 0 handfuls of barley and crumbs of bread Barley is a grain used to make bread and the word “crumb” is a small amount of bread. Both phrases are small amounts of food and are used to emphasize how small the payment was to the prophetesses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) EZK 13 20 j7z4 figs-metaphor 0 the magic charms that you have used to ensnare the people’s lives as if they were birds Yahweh speaks of these women using their magic charms to deceive people as if the people were birds that the women trapped with those charms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 13 20 lby4 0 charms objects believed to have magical powers -EZK 13 20 u59h 0 to ensnare “to trap” “to catch in a snare” -EZK 13 20 f7yi 0 tear them from your arms “tear the charms from your arms” +EZK 13 20 u59h 0 to ensnare Alternate translation: “to trap” “to catch in a snare” +EZK 13 20 f7yi 0 tear them from your arms Alternate translation: “tear the charms from your arms” EZK 13 21 yvk8 figs-metonymy 0 rescue my people from your hand Here the word “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “rescue my people from your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 13 21 n5mb figs-metonymy 0 they will no longer be trapped in your hands Here the word “hand” represents power or control. Yahweh speaks of the people being in the control of these women as if the women had trapped them with their hands. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will no longer trap them like prey in your hands” or “you will no longer control them with your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 13 22 ua8v figs-synecdoche 0 discourage the heart of the righteous person Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. Alternate translation: “discourage the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ EZK 13 23 vus2 figs-metonymy 0 I will rescue my people out of your hand Here th EZK 14 intro q72w 0 # Ezekiel 14 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Jerusalem deserves punishment

When the captives from Jerusalem arrive in Babylon, it will be obvious why God has punished them. EZK 14 1 vy2v figs-explicit 0 Some of the elders of Israel came to me and sat before me The elders sat before Ezekiel in order to inquire of the Lord through Ezekiel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 14 2 bz2f figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 14 3 g57d 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 14 3 g57d 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 14 3 ky9e figs-metaphor 0 have taken their idols into their hearts Yahweh speaks of the elders committing themselves to worshiping idols as if the elders had “taken their idols into their hearts.” Alternate translation: “have devoted themselves to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 14 3 qej2 figs-metaphor 0 have put the stumbling block of their iniquity before their own faces Yahweh speaks of the idols that the elders worship as if they were blocks over which the elders stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. Alternate translation: “have resolutely determined to worship the things that lead to iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 14 3 s8bu 0 stumbling block of their iniquity This could mean: (1) the idols are a stumbling block that leads to the elders’ iniquity or (2) worshiping idols is an iniquity that causes the elders to stumble. @@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ EZK 14 23 u2vu figs-doublet 0 their ways and their actions Both of these phrase EZK 15 intro n4wz 0 # Ezekiel 15 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Useless

God said that the people of Jerusalem were useless to him. He uses a simile to show just how useless they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 15 1 bfj3 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking to Ezekiel in this section. EZK 15 1 pb75 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 15 2 mim8 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 15 2 mim8 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 15 2 j7mt figs-rquestion 0 how is a vine better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “a vine is not better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 15 3 c3me figs-rquestion 0 Do people take wood from a vine to make anything? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “People do not take wood from a vine to make anything.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 15 3 lw53 figs-rquestion 0 do they make a peg from it to hang anything on it? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “they do not make a peg from it to hang things on it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -810,8 +810,8 @@ EZK 15 4 z9vv figs-rquestion 0 If it is thrown into a fire as fuel … is it go EZK 15 4 s2c2 figs-activepassive 0 If it is thrown into a fire as fuel This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If a person throws it into a fire as fuel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 15 5 i838 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the vine. EZK 15 5 x46v 0 See! The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -EZK 15 5 ln6m 0 When it was complete “When it was whole” or “Before the fire burned it” -EZK 15 5 rvt5 0 it could not make anything “no one could make anything from it” +EZK 15 5 ln6m 0 When it was complete Alternate translation: “When it was whole” or “Before the fire burned it” +EZK 15 5 rvt5 0 it could not make anything Alternate translation: “no one could make anything from it” EZK 15 7 f5q8 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel about the people of Israel. EZK 15 7 vz2d translate-symaction 0 I will set my face against them Yahweh speaks of being opposed to them as if he were to set his face against them. Alternate translation: “I will be against them” or “I will oppose them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 15 7 f6qy figs-metonymy 0 set my face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set my face” refers to staring. Alternate translation: “stare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -822,13 +822,13 @@ EZK 15 8 u34p figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh s EZK 16 intro ll3w 0 # Ezekiel 16 General Notes
## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metaphor

God compared Judah to an adulteress because she worshiped idols instead of God who had done so much to help her. Adultery is a common image used to describe the worship of idols by Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 16 1 c6sa figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In this chapter, Yahweh speaks about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful bride. He describes her growth from infancy to adulthood. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 1 rhc3 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 16 2 cb3d 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 16 2 cb3d 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 16 3 azi1 figs-doublet 0 Your beginning and your birth These two phrases share similar meanings. Yahweh speaks of when people founded the city as if it were the city’s birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 16 3 ug1v figs-metaphor 0 your father was an Amorite, and your mother was a Hittite The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 16 4 w8mz figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were an infant. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 4 tbf2 figs-synecdoche 0 your mother did not cut your navel Here “navel” refers to the umbilical cord that is attached to the navel. Alternate translation: “you mother did not cut your umbilical cord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 16 5 exg6 figs-synecdoche 0 No eye had compassion for you Here the word “eye” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “Nobody who saw you had compassion for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -EZK 16 5 hpj2 0 with loathing for your life “because your parents hated you” +EZK 16 5 hpj2 0 with loathing for your life Alternate translation: “because your parents hated you” EZK 16 5 p9bt figs-activepassive 0 you were thrown out into the open field This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your parents threw you out into the open field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 16 6 p7pp figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were an infant. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 6 uz2j 0 But I passed by you Yahweh is walking near the newborn baby. @@ -843,22 +843,22 @@ EZK 16 8 fs2l 0 See! The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the EZK 16 8 iv6g 0 the time of love came for you This is to say that Yahweh sees the young woman is old enough to be married. EZK 16 9 c3nc figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 10 ryz4 0 embroidered clothes “beautiful clothes.” To embroider is to sew a design into a piece of cloth. -EZK 16 11 iaz1 0 I adorned you with jewelry “I put jewelry on you” +EZK 16 11 iaz1 0 I adorned you with jewelry Alternate translation: “I put jewelry on you” EZK 16 13 su7h figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 13 j9tf figs-activepassive 0 you were adorned with gold and silver, and you were dressed in fine linen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I adorned you with gold and silver, and dressed you in fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 16 14 m2zj 0 Your fame went out among the nations “Many people in many nations knew who you were” -EZK 16 14 f2yp 0 it was perfect “your beauty was perfect” +EZK 16 14 m2zj 0 Your fame went out among the nations Alternate translation: “Many people in many nations knew who you were” +EZK 16 14 f2yp 0 it was perfect Alternate translation: “your beauty was perfect” EZK 16 15 d27i figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a young woman. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 16 15 uh52 0 you trusted in your own beauty “you placed your confidence in your own beauty” +EZK 16 15 uh52 0 you trusted in your own beauty Alternate translation: “you placed your confidence in your own beauty” EZK 16 15 mb92 figs-metaphor 0 acted like a prostitute Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the city were an unfaithful wife who sleeps with other men in exchange for payment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 16 15 c6e2 figs-metaphor 0 you poured out your acts of prostitution Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s immoral actions as if they were liquids and of committing those actions repeatedly as if it were pouring those liquids from a container. Alternate translation: “you repeatedly committed your acts of prostitution” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 16 15 wq1l 0 so that your beauty became his This Hebrew phrase is translated in many different ways by various modern versions. For example, some Bibles read “so that you gave yourself to him” or “his it was” EZK 16 17 um7f figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 16 17 h8iz 0 male figures “statues of men” or “idols that look like men” +EZK 16 17 h8iz 0 male figures Alternate translation: “statues of men” or “idols that look like men” EZK 16 17 rgp8 figs-euphemism 0 you did with them as a prostitute would do This could mean: (1) this is a polite way to say the young woman was sleeping with the male figures. Alternate translation: “you slept with them” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of her worshiping the figures as if she were sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “you worshiped them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 16 19 ml19 0 set before them “placed as an offering in front of them” +EZK 16 19 ml19 0 set before them Alternate translation: “placed as an offering in front of them” EZK 16 20 d2sz figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 16 20 ev7l 0 whom you bore for me “who were my children” +EZK 16 20 ev7l 0 whom you bore for me Alternate translation: “who were my children” EZK 16 20 tgj4 figs-explicit 0 you sacrificed them to the images to be devoured as food Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. In these ancient pagan sacrifices, the people believed that the gods would eat the food that they offered to them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you sacrificed them to the images so that those images could devour them as food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 16 20 ku1z figs-rquestion 0 Are your acts of prostitution a small matter? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the woman is acting as if her prostitution was not bad enough and so she decided to sacrifice her children as well. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must think that your acts of prostitution are a small matter.” or “I do not think your acts of prostitution are a small matter.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 16 21 pxu4 figs-explicit 0 made them pass through the fire Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. It is implicit that she put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to her images. Alternate translation: “sacrificed them as burnt offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ EZK 16 39 ia4f 0 throw down your vaulted chamber Possible meanings are that th EZK 16 39 gp28 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 16 40 mr55 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. He speaks about enemy soldiers as her lovers. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 41 ket8 figs-abstractnouns 0 will perform many acts of punishment on you The word “punishment” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will punish you in many different ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 16 41 e5d2 0 in the sight of many women “where many women can see” or “while many women watch” +EZK 16 41 e5d2 0 in the sight of many women Alternate translation: “where many women can see” or “while many women watch” EZK 16 42 h192 figs-metonymy 0 I will calm my fury against you; my anger will leave you The words “fury” and “anger” refer to the punishment that Yahweh inflicts because he is angry. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will stop punishing you because I will no longer be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) EZK 16 43 rk6r figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 43 n9xq figs-idiom 0 call to mind This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ EZK 16 43 g913 0 have made me shake with anger because of all these things Her EZK 16 43 qa7p 0 behold! The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. EZK 16 44 f5gm figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 44 c35j 0 Behold! The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -EZK 16 45 ca9t 0 who detested her husband “who hated her husband” +EZK 16 45 ca9t 0 who detested her husband Alternate translation: “who hated her husband” EZK 16 45 u96d figs-metaphor 0 Your mother was a Hittite, and your father was an Amorite The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. See how you translated these phrases in [Ezekiel 16:3](../16/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 16 46 cg54 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 46 h77t figs-explicit 0 Your older sister was Samaria … your younger sister was the one living south of you, that is, Sodom Samaria and Sodom were both cities that Yahweh had judged for their idolatry and wickedness. Yahweh speaks of these cities being Jerusalem’s sisters to express that she belonged to a family that practiced idolatry and wickedness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -915,14 +915,14 @@ EZK 16 49 ms78 figs-synecdoche 0 She did not strengthen the hands of the poor a EZK 16 51 qff7 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 51 l9j8 0 you have shown that your sisters were better than you Yahweh uses this phrase three times to emphasize that the wicked cities of Samaria and Sodom were more righteous than Jerusalem. EZK 16 52 z6dn 0 Especially you, show your own shame Yahweh uses this phrase twice to emphasize how shamefully the people of Jerusalem have acted. -EZK 16 52 zy3m 0 show your own shame “be ashamed” or “bear your disgrace” +EZK 16 52 zy3m 0 show your own shame Alternate translation: “be ashamed” or “bear your disgrace” EZK 16 53 r32c figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 16 54 q87d 0 you will show your shame “you will be ashamed” or “you will bear your disgrace” +EZK 16 54 q87d 0 you will show your shame Alternate translation: “you will be ashamed” or “you will bear your disgrace” EZK 16 54 c2hp figs-activepassive 0 you will be humiliated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will humiliate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 16 54 mj9k figs-abstractnouns 0 you will be a comfort to them The noun “comfort” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “you will comfort Sodom and Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 16 55 hdf7 figs-activepassive 0 your sister Sodom and her daughters will be restored to their former condition This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will restore your sister Sodom and her daughters to their former condition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 16 55 k82v figs-activepassive 0 Samaria and her daughters will be restored to their former estate This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will restore your sister Samaria and her daughters to their former estate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 16 55 h3uk 0 estate “condition” +EZK 16 55 h3uk 0 estate Alternate translation: “condition” EZK 16 55 jw21 figs-activepassive 0 you and your daughters will be restored to your former condition This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will restore you and your daughters to your former condition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 16 56 fh8t figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 56 ni17 figs-synecdoche 0 Sodom your sister was not even mentioned by your mouth Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You did not even mention your sister Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -942,27 +942,27 @@ EZK 16 63 g9hm 0 you will no longer open your mouth to speak because of your s EZK 17 intro awq2 0 # Ezekiel 17 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Breaking allegiance

The king of Judah had vowed to obey Babylon but instead he followed Egypt. Therefore, God said he would not prosper. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metaphor

Judah is compared to a vine that grows one direction and then another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 17 1 rn2f 0 General Information: Ezekiel reports a message that God gives him. EZK 17 1 id6h figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 17 2 q397 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” -EZK 17 2 ljh4 0 present a riddle and speak a parable “give them a puzzle to think about” or “tell this story as an illustration” +EZK 17 2 q397 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 17 2 ljh4 0 present a riddle and speak a parable Alternate translation: “give them a puzzle to think about” or “tell this story as an illustration” EZK 17 2 uy41 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 17 3 b2zm 0 long pinions, full of feathers “the ends of its wings were long and full of feathers.” The word “pinion” means the outer end of the wings. EZK 17 3 p8v3 0 that was multicolored The eagle’s feathers were many different colors. -EZK 17 4 bf21 0 It broke off the tips of the branches “It broke off the highest part of the tree” -EZK 17 4 wsh3 0 took them “took the top of the tree” or “took the branches” +EZK 17 4 bf21 0 It broke off the tips of the branches Alternate translation: “It broke off the highest part of the tree” +EZK 17 4 wsh3 0 took them Alternate translation: “took the top of the tree” or “took the branches” EZK 17 4 kl1b 0 he planted it in a city of merchants “he planted it in a city that had many merchants.” A merchant is a person who sells things. EZK 17 5 n33b 0 General Information: This is a continuation of the parable about the eagle. EZK 17 5 dh54 0 He also took The word “he” is the eagle in the parable. -EZK 17 5 zfy1 0 fertile soil “good ground” -EZK 17 5 yg9u 0 He placed it beside a large body of water “the eagle planted the seed in a place where there was a lot of water” +EZK 17 5 zfy1 0 fertile soil Alternate translation: “good ground” +EZK 17 5 yg9u 0 He placed it beside a large body of water Alternate translation: “the eagle planted the seed in a place where there was a lot of water” EZK 17 5 yl5l figs-explicit 0 planted it … like a willow Willow trees grow in places where there is a lot of water. If the eagle planted the seed like a willow, it means that he planted it in a place with a lot of water. Alternate translation: “and planted the seed like one would plant a willow tree by water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 17 6 act5 0 Then it sprouted “Then the seed began to grow into a plant” -EZK 17 6 u95a 0 a spreading vine low to the ground “a vine that spreads out on the ground” +EZK 17 6 act5 0 Then it sprouted Alternate translation: “Then the seed began to grow into a plant” +EZK 17 6 u95a 0 a spreading vine low to the ground Alternate translation: “a vine that spreads out on the ground” EZK 17 6 qj5j 0 Its branches turned toward him The branches of the vine turned toward the eagle. This means that they began to grow upward towards the sky. EZK 17 6 vrq4 0 its roots grew under it This could mean: (1) “its roots grew under itself into the ground” or (2) “the roots of the vine grew under the eagle.” -EZK 17 6 wq1a 0 So it became a vine “That is how the vine grew” -EZK 17 6 kn3n 0 produced branches and sent out shoots “grew branches and spread its shoots” +EZK 17 6 wq1a 0 So it became a vine Alternate translation: “That is how the vine grew” +EZK 17 6 kn3n 0 produced branches and sent out shoots Alternate translation: “grew branches and spread its shoots” EZK 17 7 nr41 0 General Information: The introductory “but” shows that a different eagle is being described other than the one before. -EZK 17 7 mxr2 0 another great eagle “another large eagle” +EZK 17 7 mxr2 0 another great eagle Alternate translation: “another large eagle” EZK 17 7 i797 0 Behold! The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. EZK 17 7 zj2i figs-personification 0 This vine turned its roots toward the eagle Yahweh speaks of the vine as if it were able to behave like a person and intentionally turned its roots toward the other eagle to receive nourishment from it. Alternate translation: “The roots of the vine grew toward the eagle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 17 7 xwj3 figs-activepassive 0 from the place it had been planted so it would be watered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “from the place that the first eagle had planted it so that it would have water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -970,29 +970,29 @@ EZK 17 8 g869 figs-activepassive 0 It had been planted This can be stated in ac EZK 17 9 ejf7 figs-rquestion 0 Will it prosper? Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will not prosper.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 17 9 l3kb figs-rquestion 0 Will it not be uprooted and stripped of its fruit so that it withers, and all its fresh growth will wither? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the vine will certainly be judged. The question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone will pull up its roots and pluck out its fruit so all of its growth of leaves will wither away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 17 9 di6t figs-synecdoche 0 No strong arm or many people will be needed to pull it out The phrase “strong arm” represents a strong person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There will be no need for a strong person or many people to pull it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 17 10 k94f 0 behold “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 17 10 k94f 0 behold Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” EZK 17 10 duh3 figs-rquestion 0 will it grow? Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will not grow.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 17 10 l8e6 figs-rquestion 0 Will it not wither when the eastern wind touches it? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that this will certainly happen. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will wither when the eastern wind touches it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -EZK 17 10 ggh9 0 when the eastern wind touches it “when the eastern wind blows on it” +EZK 17 10 ggh9 0 when the eastern wind touches it Alternate translation: “when the eastern wind blows on it” EZK 17 11 bwu2 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 17 12 rcf6 figs-metonymy 0 the rebellious house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “the rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 17 12 j8se figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know what these things mean? Yahweh asks this as a leading question in order to provide the answer. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is what these things mean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -EZK 17 12 cz8t 0 Behold “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 17 12 cz8t 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” EZK 17 12 x6yx 0 her king and her princes The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. -EZK 17 13 it2v 0 brought him under an oath “made him swear an oath” +EZK 17 13 it2v 0 brought him under an oath Alternate translation: “made him swear an oath” EZK 17 14 x5je figs-metaphor 0 so the kingdom might become lowly and not lift itself up The kingdom being small and weak is spoken of as if it were lowly and being large and powerful as if it lifted itself up. Alternate translation: “so the kingdom might remain small and not become great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 17 14 r3al figs-metonymy 0 the land will survive Here the word “land” represents the kingdom of Judah and the people in it. Alternate translation: “the kingdom will continue to exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 17 15 z8mt 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks about the king of Jerusalem rebelling against the king of Babylon. EZK 17 15 r2jb figs-rquestion 0 Will he succeed? Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will certainly not succeed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 17 15 nh8e figs-rquestion 0 Will the one doing these things escape? Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The one doing these things will not escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 17 15 tpu9 figs-rquestion 0 If he breaks the covenant, will he escape? Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If he breaks the covenant, he will certainly not escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -EZK 17 16 pb2s 0 the land of the king who made him king, the king whose oath he despised “the land of the king of Babylon who made him King of Judah, the king of Babylon whose oath he despised” +EZK 17 16 pb2s 0 the land of the king who made him king, the king whose oath he despised Alternate translation: “the land of the king of Babylon who made him King of Judah, the king of Babylon whose oath he despised” EZK 17 17 mp8q 0 General Information: Yahweh speaking about the king of Jerusalem. EZK 17 17 eyn4 figs-doublet 0 his mighty army and a great company of men These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how large and strong Pharaoh’s army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 17 17 v67c 0 will not help him Here the word “him” refers to the king of Judah. EZK 17 17 hhy8 0 siege walls this refers to a tower with ladders that can be placed next to a wall and allow soldiers to get over the wall and into the city. -EZK 17 17 ayl5 0 to cut off many lives “to kill many people” -EZK 17 18 kzm6 0 Behold, he reached out “He did something even worse than that: he reached out” +EZK 17 17 ayl5 0 to cut off many lives Alternate translation: “to kill many people” +EZK 17 18 kzm6 0 Behold, he reached out Alternate translation: “He did something even worse than that: he reached out” EZK 17 18 e7e3 translate-symaction 0 reached out with his hand to make a promise This refers to taking hold of another person’s hand as a sign of friendship and agreement. Here it represents the covenant oath that he made with the king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 17 19 s5c8 figs-rquestion 0 was it not my oath that he despised and my covenant that he broke? Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the affirmative answer. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was my oath that the king of Jerusalem despised and my covenant that he broke.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 17 19 kev4 figs-idiom 0 I will bring his punishment on his head The idiom “bring … on his head” means that he will experience this punishment. See how you translated this idiom in [Ezekiel 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “I will cause him to suffer his punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1002,10 +1002,10 @@ EZK 17 21 lam3 figs-metonymy 0 All of his refugees … armies will fall by the EZK 17 21 kq24 figs-activepassive 0 the ones who remain will be scattered in every direction This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ones who remain alive will flee in every direction” or “the enemy soldiers will scatter in every directions the ones who remain alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 17 21 t3e9 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 17 22 xj4t figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh resumes the parable that he had told in [Ezekiel 17:1](../17/01.md) and speaks about Jerusalem as if it were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 17 23 mws7 0 bear branches “grow new branches” +EZK 17 23 mws7 0 bear branches Alternate translation: “grow new branches” EZK 17 24 e7fm figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel and of other nations as if they were other trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 17 24 bv9g figs-personification 0 Then all the trees of the field will know that I am Yahweh Yahweh speaks of trees as if they are people who can know about him. The trees represent the nations and the people who live in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 17 24 gh1n 0 I bring down the high trees and I raise up the low trees “I cut down the tall trees and I cause the little trees to grow” +EZK 17 24 gh1n 0 I bring down the high trees and I raise up the low trees Alternate translation: “I cut down the tall trees and I cause the little trees to grow” EZK 17 24 p5un 0 wither when a plant dries up and dies. EZK 18 intro gvm6 0 # Ezekiel 18 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Inherited Guilt

God does not punish children for the sins of their parents, but only punishes them for their own sins. Despite this, the parents’ sins may still have consequences for their children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) EZK 18 1 a2ir figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me again The phrase “the word of Yahweh came” is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke to me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ EZK 18 6 nhp3 figs-explicit 0 he does not eat upon the mountains People often w EZK 18 6 nr4h translate-symaction 0 lift up his eyes to the idols The idiom “lift up his eyes” refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. Alternate translation: “worship the idols” or “pray to the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 18 6 w2dj figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 18 6 up1i figs-explicit 0 approached a woman during her monthly period It is implicit that he has not approached a woman in order to sleep with her. Alternate translation: “approached a woman to sleep with her during her monthly period” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 18 7 mqe1 0 gives back to the debtor what was put up as security for a loan “returns to the debtor the item that the debtor gave him as security for the loan” +EZK 18 7 mqe1 0 gives back to the debtor what was put up as security for a loan Alternate translation: “returns to the debtor the item that the debtor gave him as security for the loan” EZK 18 8 kad7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe the actions of the righteous man. EZK 18 8 r5q7 0 interest This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “any interest” in this passage as “too much interest.” EZK 18 8 ba42 0 establishes faithfulness between people This means that he judges fairly the disputes that may arise between people. @@ -1043,15 +1043,15 @@ EZK 18 17 phc8 0 interest This word refers to the money paid by a person to us EZK 18 17 ud6z figs-metaphor 0 walks according to my statutes Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if his statutes were a path in which the person walks. Alternate translation: “obeys my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 18 18 r9tw 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks about the son’s father who has not obeyed God’s law. EZK 18 18 qm5w 0 extortion to take something from someone else by using threats or force. -EZK 18 18 zx7n 0 robbed his brother “robbed his fellow Israelite” -EZK 18 18 re57 0 behold, he “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: he” -EZK 18 18 j2xs 0 in his iniquity “because of his iniquity” +EZK 18 18 zx7n 0 robbed his brother Alternate translation: “robbed his fellow Israelite” +EZK 18 18 re57 0 behold, he Alternate translation: “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: he” +EZK 18 18 j2xs 0 in his iniquity Alternate translation: “because of his iniquity” EZK 18 19 b1t5 figs-metaphor 0 Why does the son not bear the iniquity of his father? Yahweh speaks of a person being responsible for or guilty of iniquity as if the iniquity were an object that the person carries. Alternate translation: “Why is the son not responsible for the iniquity of his father?” or “Why is the son not guilty of the iniquity of his father?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 18 20 f1kn figs-idiom 0 The righteousness of the one who acts rightly will be on himself For righteousness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that righteousness. Alternate translation: “The one who acts rightly will be responsible for his own righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 18 20 al73 figs-idiom 0 the wickedness of the wicked will be on himself For wickedness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that wickedness. Alternate translation: “the wicked person will be responsible for his own wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 18 21 si4u 0 General Information: Yahweh speaking of the wicked person who changes and does what is righteous. EZK 18 22 m9ky figs-idiom 0 All the transgressions that he has committed will not be called to mind against him The idiom “call to mind” means to remember. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not remember all the transgressions that he has committed and will not hold them against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 18 22 zi9d 0 by the righteousness that he practices “because of the righteous things he has done” +EZK 18 22 zi9d 0 by the righteousness that he practices Alternate translation: “because of the righteous things he has done” EZK 18 23 h2ef 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks about his desire for wicked people. EZK 18 23 d6na figs-rquestion 0 Do I greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked … and not in his turning away from his way so that he may live? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question in order to emphasize the opposite. Alternate translation: “I do not greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked … but I do greatly rejoice if he turns away from his way so that he may live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 18 23 mh3x figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) @@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ EZK 18 24 s4ik 0 General Information: Yahweh gives an example of a man who tur EZK 18 24 m2kn figs-rquestion 0 then will he live? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: “then he will surely not live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 18 24 nzl9 figs-idiom 0 All the righteousness that he had done will not be called to mind The idiom “call to mind” means to remember. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not remember all the righteousness that he had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 18 24 x971 0 treason crime done against a country or against God, by someone who is expected to be loyal -EZK 18 24 lf1q 0 he will die in the sins “he will die because of the sins” +EZK 18 24 lf1q 0 he will die in the sins Alternate translation: “he will die because of the sins” EZK 18 25 i7zr figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 18 25 nj78 figs-rquestion 0 Are my ways unfair? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: “My ways are not unfair.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 18 25 prn4 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not your ways that are unfair? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. Alternate translation: “It is your ways that are unfair.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -1084,11 +1084,11 @@ EZK 19 2 ufs7 figs-rquestion 0 Who was your mother? Yahweh asks this ask a lead EZK 19 2 s6ne 0 lioness a female lion EZK 19 4 bw46 figs-activepassive 0 He was caught in their trap This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They caught him in their trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 19 5 ta9x figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 19 7 fcl5 0 He seized their widows “He seized the widows of the men whom he devoured” +EZK 19 7 fcl5 0 He seized their widows Alternate translation: “He seized the widows of the men whom he devoured” EZK 19 7 kl3g figs-activepassive 0 The land and its fullness were abandoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People abandoned the land and its fullness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 19 7 sd5e 0 its fullness “everything in it” +EZK 19 7 sd5e 0 its fullness Alternate translation: “everything in it” EZK 19 8 la27 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe the nation of Israel as a lioness and the kings of the kingdom of Judah as her cubs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 19 8 f365 0 from the surrounding provinces “from the provinces surrounding the land of Israel” +EZK 19 8 f365 0 from the surrounding provinces Alternate translation: “from the provinces surrounding the land of Israel” EZK 19 8 wx8x figs-activepassive 0 He was caught in their trap This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They caught him in their trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 19 9 uv2e figs-activepassive 0 his voice would no longer be heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people would no longer hear his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 19 10 rhn9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of the nation of Israel as though it was the mother of the leaders of Israel. Here he begins to tell a story where she is a prosperous vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1106,9 +1106,9 @@ EZK 20 intro ivu9 0 # Ezekiel 20 General Notes
## Special concepts in this EZK 20 1 y5sk 0 It came about This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. EZK 20 1 k5lv translate-ordinal 0 in the seventh year The implicit information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “in the seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 20 1 hm54 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the tenth day of the fifth month This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -EZK 20 1 zjh7 0 before me “in front of me” +EZK 20 1 zjh7 0 before me Alternate translation: “in front of me” EZK 20 2 d3d6 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 20 3 a3cz 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 20 3 a3cz 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 20 3 wlf9 figs-idiom 0 As I live “As surely as I am alive.” Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 20 3 v6lv figs-rquestion 0 Have you come to inquire of me? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. Alternate translation: “You should not come to inquire of me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 20 3 g3ng figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) @@ -1118,22 +1118,22 @@ EZK 20 5 b65p figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob The word “house” is a meto EZK 20 6 ay9x figs-metaphor 0 It was flowing with milk and honey “It was a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed.” Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “It was land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 20 6 mhv7 figs-metaphor 0 the most beautiful ornament among all the lands The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. Alternate translation: “the most beautiful of all lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 20 7 s5ny 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. -EZK 20 7 q74k 0 to them “to the descendants of the house of Jacob” +EZK 20 7 q74k 0 to them Alternate translation: “to the descendants of the house of Jacob” EZK 20 7 neb8 figs-metaphor 0 the detestable things from before his eyes Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. Alternate translation: “the detestable things that he worships” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 20 7 uyy1 0 the idols of Egypt “throw away the idols of Egypt” +EZK 20 7 uyy1 0 the idols of Egypt Alternate translation: “throw away the idols of Egypt” EZK 20 7 gnz8 figs-metaphor 0 Do not make yourselves unclean A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 20 8 asl8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. EZK 20 8 vk1e 0 they rebelled against me The word “they” refers to “the descendants of the house of Jacob.” -EZK 20 8 f9qd 0 were unwilling to listen to me “would not obey me” +EZK 20 8 f9qd 0 were unwilling to listen to me Alternate translation: “would not obey me” EZK 20 8 t2sa figs-metaphor 0 the detestable things from before his eyes Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. Alternate translation: “the detestable things that he worshiped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 20 8 t8aw figs-metaphor 0 to pour out my fury upon them Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. Alternate translation: “to act against them in my fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 20 9 b5we figs-metonymy 0 for my name’s sake Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 20 9 f5h3 figs-activepassive 0 so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 20 9 f298 figs-metaphor 0 in the eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the opinion” or “in the judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 20 9 v6br figs-metonymy 0 the nations The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. Alternate translation: “the people who live in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 20 9 q34i 0 they were staying “they were living” +EZK 20 9 q34i 0 they were staying Alternate translation: “they were living” EZK 20 9 l5wv figs-idiom 0 I made myself known to them, in their eyes Here the word “them” refers to the nations. The idiom “in their eyes” refers to being in a position where people can see. Alternate translation: “I revealed myself to them, in their presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 20 9 xrt5 0 bringing them “bringing the people of Israel” +EZK 20 9 xrt5 0 bringing them Alternate translation: “bringing the people of Israel” EZK 20 10 bsr8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. EZK 20 10 kfp5 0 I sent them The word “them” refers to “the descendants of the house of Jacob.” EZK 20 12 fk4k figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1144,10 +1144,10 @@ EZK 20 13 gx9w figs-euphemism 0 in order to end them The euphemism “to end th EZK 20 14 c3av figs-metonymy 0 I acted for my name’s sake Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “I acted for the sake of my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 20 14 ggw2 figs-activepassive 0 so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 20 14 xp8w figs-metonymy 0 in the eyes of the nations Here the “nations” refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “in the thoughts of the people in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 20 14 y8dj 0 in whose sight I had brought them out of Egypt “in whose presence I brought my people out of Egypt” +EZK 20 14 y8dj 0 in whose sight I had brought them out of Egypt Alternate translation: “in whose presence I brought my people out of Egypt” EZK 20 15 sq7n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the elders of Israel. EZK 20 15 njm6 translate-symaction 0 I myself also raised my hand to swear an oath Here “raised my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:5](../20/05.md). Alternate translation: “I myself also solemnly swore an oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -EZK 20 15 s8f7 0 to them “to the house of Israel” +EZK 20 15 s8f7 0 to them Alternate translation: “to the house of Israel” EZK 20 15 h643 figs-metaphor 0 a land flowing with milk and honey “a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed.” Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “a land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 20 15 y61y figs-metaphor 0 the most beautiful ornament among all the lands The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “the most beautiful of all lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 20 16 q585 figs-metaphor 0 did not walk in my statutes Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if they were a path along which a person walks. Alternate translation: “did not obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1188,12 +1188,12 @@ EZK 20 36 yke5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his mess EZK 20 37 vi6t figs-metaphor 0 I will cause you to pass under my rod This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his staff. This could mean: (1) Yahweh will count his people whom he gathers from the nations to ensure that they are all present. Alternate translation: “I will count you carefully as a shepherd counts his sheep” or (2) Yahweh will inspect each person as they pass under his staff in order to separate the faithful from the unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will inspect you carefully as a shepherd inspects his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 20 39 aw31 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. EZK 20 39 gb75 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 20 39 tsi3 0 to listen to me “to obey me” or “to pay attention to me” +EZK 20 39 tsi3 0 to listen to me Alternate translation: “to obey me” or “to pay attention to me” EZK 20 39 ym44 figs-metonymy 0 profane my holy name Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “dishonor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 20 40 da7d 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -EZK 20 40 s7hu 0 to require your offerings “to require you to bring your offerings” +EZK 20 40 s7hu 0 to require your offerings Alternate translation: “to require you to bring your offerings” EZK 20 40 idl2 figs-metaphor 0 the firstfruits of your tribute Yahweh speaks of the best things among all that they give to him as if they were “firstfruits.” Alternate translation: “the best of your contributions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 20 40 tl2m 0 your holy things “the offerings that you set aside to give to me” +EZK 20 40 tl2m 0 your holy things Alternate translation: “the offerings that you set aside to give to me” EZK 20 41 t8i1 figs-metaphor 0 I will accept you like fragrant incense Yahweh speaks of his people worshiping him as they should as if the people themselves were the incense offering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 20 41 ihb7 figs-parallelism 0 bring you out from the peoples and gather you out of the countries These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will bring his people back from all of the nations to which he had scattered them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:34](../20/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) EZK 20 41 wmu4 figs-activepassive 0 where you have been scattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where I have scattered you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ EZK 21 3 vyg4 figs-euphemism 0 cut off This is a euphemism that means to kill. EZK 21 4 xv4h 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the land of Israel. EZK 21 4 l13c figs-euphemism 0 cut off This is a euphemism that means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) EZK 21 4 x4hz figs-nominaladj 0 the righteous … the wicked This refers to righteous and wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous … those who are wicked” or “the righteous people … the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -EZK 21 4 g8nl 0 from you “among you” +EZK 21 4 g8nl 0 from you Alternate translation: “among you” EZK 21 4 yc2b figs-metaphor 0 my sword will go out from its sheath against This speaks of Yahweh causing these people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. Alternate translation: “it will be as though I pull my sword from its sheath and strike” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 21 4 bm2n figs-metonymy 0 all flesh Here “flesh” is a metonym for “people.” Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 21 4 w4nb figs-merism 0 from the south to the north This is a merism that refers to the area to the north, and to the south, and all places in between. Alternate translation: “in every direction” or “everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) @@ -1234,11 +1234,11 @@ EZK 21 5 e2el figs-metaphor 0 that I, Yahweh, have drawn my sword from its shea EZK 21 5 ju9i figs-personification 0 It will no longer hold back This speaks of Yahweh not holding back his sword from attacking people as if his sword were a person that was no longer holding itself back from attacking. Alternate translation: “and I will not put it back in its sheath again” or “I will not hold back from attacking people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 21 6 ztb6 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Ezekiel. EZK 21 6 ius9 figs-idiom 0 groan as your loins break Yahweh tells Ezekiel to groan as a sign to accompany his message. He tells him to groan deeply as if his abdomen was in great pain. “groan deeply as if your loins were in great pain” or “groan deeply with great sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 21 6 xg8x 0 In bitterness groan “With great grief” or “With great sorrow” +EZK 21 6 xg8x 0 In bitterness groan Alternate translation: “With great grief” or “With great sorrow” EZK 21 6 n99h figs-synecdoche 0 before their eyes Here the Israelites are referred to by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “before them” or “before the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 21 7 jri2 figs-personification 0 the news that is coming This speaks of the “news” as if it were a person that was soon coming to them. Alternate translation: “the news that they will soon hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 21 7 c8df figs-synecdoche 0 for every heart will faint away This speaks of people becoming afraid, as if their hearts were fainting. Also, this speaks of the people fainting as a result of fear. Alternate translation: “for everyone will become fearful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 21 7 kml3 0 will falter “will be weak” +EZK 21 7 kml3 0 will falter Alternate translation: “will be weak” EZK 21 7 t44k figs-metaphor 0 Every spirit will grow faint This speaks of people becoming fearful in their spirits as if their spirits were about to faint. Alternate translation: “Everyone will be fearful in their inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 21 7 p1p8 figs-euphemism 0 every knee will flow like water “every knee will be as weak as water.” This is a euphemism for people being so afraid that they lose their bladder control and urinate on themselves. Alternate translation: “every leg will be wet with urine” or “everyone will lose control of their urine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) EZK 21 7 nfk2 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) @@ -1291,11 +1291,11 @@ EZK 21 22 q1zh 0 to build a ramp These were large dirt ramps that the Babyloni EZK 21 22 nzg7 0 siege towers These were wooden towers that the Babylonian soldiers built around Jerusalem to enable them to shoot arrows over the walls of Jerusalem. EZK 21 23 a1iv figs-metaphor 0 in the eyes of the ones in Jerusalem The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the thoughts of the people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 21 24 b96q 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem. -EZK 21 24 g6jh 0 Because you have made your guilt to be remembered “Because you remind me of your iniquity” +EZK 21 24 g6jh 0 Because you have made your guilt to be remembered Alternate translation: “Because you remind me of your iniquity” EZK 21 24 w4vc figs-activepassive 0 you will be taken in hand This can be stated in active form. The “enemy’s hand” represents the enemy’s control. Alternate translation: “your enemy will take you in his hand” or “your enemies will capture you and take you into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 21 25 ihj3 0 General Information: Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Israel. EZK 21 25 x5c4 figs-idiom 0 whose day of punishment has come This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh will now punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 21 25 zxc1 0 whose time of committing iniquity has ended “at the time when Yahweh ends iniquity” +EZK 21 25 zxc1 0 whose time of committing iniquity has ended Alternate translation: “at the time when Yahweh ends iniquity” EZK 21 26 h94t 0 the turban “the king’s turban.” A turban is a beautiful piece of cloth that kings wore wrapped on their heads as a symbol of their authority. EZK 21 26 fwf2 figs-nominaladj 0 the lowly … the exalted This refers to people with low status and people who are exalted. Alternate translation: “those who are lowly … those who are exalted” or “those with low status … those with high status” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) EZK 21 27 qcp3 figs-metonymy 0 It will not be restored Here the crown represents the position of king. The kingship will not be restored until the Messiah comes. Alternate translation: “There will no longer be a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1317,15 +1317,15 @@ EZK 21 30 g9uy figs-abstractnouns 0 In the place of your creation The word “c EZK 21 31 dm1x figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out my indignation on you This speaks of Yahweh punishing the Babylonians because of his indignation against them as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out of a container upon them. Alternate translation: “I will punish you because of indignation against you” or “Out of my anger I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 21 31 iui1 figs-metaphor 0 I will fan the fire of my rage against you This compares Yahweh’s rage to a consuming fire. Alternate translation: “I will bring my rage upon you like a blazing fire” or “I will punish you in my fierce anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 21 31 nc5u figs-metonymy 0 the hand of cruel men The “hand” of the men refers to their control. Alternate translation: “the control of cruel men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 21 31 z1g9 0 craftsmen of destruction “men who cause great destruction” +EZK 21 31 z1g9 0 craftsmen of destruction Alternate translation: “men who cause great destruction” EZK 21 32 dlw5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon. -EZK 21 32 cv2j 0 You will become fuel for the fire “The fire will burn up your bodies” -EZK 21 32 w6d5 0 Your blood will be in the midst of the land “Your blood will soak into the ground of your land” +EZK 21 32 cv2j 0 You will become fuel for the fire Alternate translation: “The fire will burn up your bodies” +EZK 21 32 w6d5 0 Your blood will be in the midst of the land Alternate translation: “Your blood will soak into the ground of your land” EZK 21 32 h97t figs-activepassive 0 You will not be remembered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will remember you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 22 intro v9yg 0 # Ezekiel 22 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Continuous evil

Murder, idolatry and all sorts of evil have been done in Jerusalem; so God will destroy the city and scatter the people among the nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) EZK 22 1 r5l7 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 22 2 v6kn figs-rquestion 0 Now you, son of man, will you judge? Will you judge the city of blood? This rhetorical question functions as a command. AT. “Son of man, go and judge. Go and judge the city of blood.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -EZK 22 2 eh7w 0 son of man “son of a human being” or “son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” +EZK 22 2 eh7w 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” EZK 22 2 a7f3 figs-metonymy 0 the city of blood The word “blood” is a metonym for murder. Alternate translation: “the city where many people murder their neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 22 2 jzh2 figs-gendernotations 0 her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 22 3 j2cg figs-gendernotations 0 her … herself The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -1337,21 +1337,21 @@ EZK 22 4 lth2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak through Ezekiel EZK 22 4 u2vl figs-metaphor 0 by the blood that you have poured out This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: “because you murdered innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 22 4 lxu6 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 22 4 b7gh figs-idiom 0 You have drawn your days to a close, and the end of your years has come The images of days being brought to a close and years coming to an end are both idioms representing ending by death or by destruction. By saying that Jerusalem has brough her days to a close, Yahweh implies that Jerusalem would soon be destroyed because of the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “Because of these things you have done, you are approaching the end of your time” or “You are bringing your existence to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] ) -EZK 22 4 tl1y 0 have drawn your days to a close “have brought your days to an end” or “have ended your life” +EZK 22 4 tl1y 0 have drawn your days to a close Alternate translation: “have brought your days to an end” or “have ended your life” EZK 22 4 u8pd figs-abstractnouns 0 I will make you a reproach to the nations and a laughingstock to all the lands This can be reworded so that the nouns “reproach” and “laughingstock” are expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will make the nations reproach you and all the lands ridicule you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 22 4 q6vv 0 a reproach someone whom people disapprove of or rebuke EZK 22 4 gu6t 0 a laughingstock a person whom people ridicule or mock EZK 22 4 t4k2 figs-hyperbole 0 to all the lands This generalization refers to the places who are familiar with Jerusalem and represents the people who live in these places. Alternate translation: “of the people of every nearby land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) EZK 22 6 i3ws 0 General Information: Yahweh speaking about the ruler of Israel in Jerusalem. -EZK 22 6 jp3g 0 Behold “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” -EZK 22 6 d3y2 0 each one by his own power, have come “have each used their authority to come to you.” +EZK 22 6 jp3g 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 22 6 d3y2 0 each one by his own power, have come Alternate translation: “have each used their authority to come to you.” EZK 22 6 mi2p figs-apostrophe 0 come to you Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem itself as if it were a woman who could hear him speak. Alternate translation: “come to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) EZK 22 6 gx6j figs-metaphor 0 to pour out blood This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: “to murder people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 22 7 q7wc 0 They have dishonored fathers “The rules of Israel have dishonored their fathers” +EZK 22 7 q7wc 0 They have dishonored fathers Alternate translation: “The rules of Israel have dishonored their fathers” EZK 22 7 b8l5 0 within you … in your midst … within you Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem itself as if it were a woman who could hear him speak. Alternate translation: “within Jerusalem … in the midst of Jerusalem … within Jerusalem.” The words “you” and “your” refer to Jerusalem. -EZK 22 7 rd1h 0 performed oppression on “oppressed” +EZK 22 7 rd1h 0 performed oppression on Alternate translation: “oppressed” EZK 22 9 x1yw figs-explicit 0 they eat on the mountains Here “the mountains” refer to the altars on the mountains that are dedicated to idols. They men eat meat that has been sacrificed to the idols in order to be have the blessing of false gods. Alternate translation: “they eat the meat that has been sacrificed to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 22 9 n1r9 0 perform wickedness in your midst “do evil things among you” +EZK 22 9 n1r9 0 perform wickedness in your midst Alternate translation: “do evil things among you” EZK 22 10 e53w figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: God continues to speak through Ezekiel about the terrible things that the people of Jerusalem have done. He speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if they were the city itself, and of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. The word “you” is always feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 22 10 zj5w figs-apostrophe 0 Within you In all instances of this phrase, the writer refers to the people of Jerusalem as if they were the city itself, and of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “within this city” or “among you people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 22 10 r52h figs-euphemism 0 men uncover the nakedness of their father This means that a son sleeps with his father’s wife. Alternate translation: “there are men who sleep with their father’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) @@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ EZK 22 12 jp8b figs-metaphor 0 you have forgotten me Refusing to obey Yahweh is EZK 22 12 al1x figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 22 13 g7vk figs-apostrophe 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem by speaking directly to the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 22 13 b8at translate-symaction 0 With my hand I have struck “I have shaken my fist against” or “I have clapped my hands against.” This is a symbolic action that shows anger and disapproval. Alternate translation: “I have shown my anger and disapproval against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -EZK 22 13 vvt6 0 the bloodshed that is done in the midst of you “the murder that people commit in you” +EZK 22 13 vvt6 0 the bloodshed that is done in the midst of you Alternate translation: “the murder that people commit in you” EZK 22 14 i494 figs-rquestion 0 Will your heart stand, will your hands be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize how hurt they will be when he punishes them. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your heart will not stand and your hands will not be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 22 14 se71 figs-synecdoche 0 Will your heart stand Here the whole person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions and will. Here the idea of “standing” is an idiom that means to be courageous. Alternate translation: “Will you stand” or “Will you be courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 22 14 ajb4 figs-synecdoche 0 will your hands be strong Here the whole person is referred to by his “hands.” Alternate translation: “will you be strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -1379,7 +1379,7 @@ EZK 22 17 zqj8 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is us EZK 22 18 nd5i figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel has The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites have” or “the Israelite people group has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 22 18 q3kz figs-metaphor 0 has become dross to me Dross is the impurities that are left over after silver or gold has been purified in a furnace. Here Yahweh speaks of the people being worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: “has become as worthless to me as dross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 22 18 apn9 figs-metaphor 0 All of them are the leftovers of bronze and tin … like the dross of silver in your furnace Yahweh continues to speaks about how the people have become worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: “All of them are as worthless as the leftover of bronze and tin, and iron and lead that remain after you melt silver in the furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 22 19 g5k4 0 behold “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 22 19 g5k4 0 behold Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” EZK 22 20 c4pc figs-metaphor 0 General Information: God continues to describe his punishment of the people of Israel in Jerusalem as if they were metals that he was melting and purifying in a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 22 20 z88f figs-abstractnouns 0 I will gather you in my anger and my wrath The phrases with “anger” and “wrath” are used together to emphasize that he was extremely angry. Alternate translation: “Because of my great anger and wrath, I will gather you” or “I will be furiously angry with you, and I will gather you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 22 21 z69y figs-metaphor 0 I will gather you and blow on you the fire of my wrath This is the image of a person gathering the metals in the furnace and blowing the fire to make it hotter. Yahweh speaks of the greatness of his wrath as if it were a fire that he was blowing to make it hotter. Alternate translation: “I will gather you, and my wrath will be like a fire that I will blow on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1394,7 +1394,7 @@ EZK 22 25 alu8 0 There is a conspiracy of her prophets in her midst The word EZK 22 25 xfb1 0 conspiracy a secret plan made by two or more people to do something harmful or illegal EZK 22 25 x5z7 figs-simile 0 like a roaring lion tearing apart a victim. They consume life and take precious wealth This compares the prophets of Israel to lions who attack and kill their victims. Alternate translation: “They kill people for they are like roaring lions who attack and kill their prey. They take peoples’ precious wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 22 25 irv7 figs-explicit 0 they make many widows within her The word “her” refers to Israel. They “make many widows” by killing married men. Alternate translation: “they make many women into widows by killing their husbands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 22 26 j2q1 0 do violence to my law “disobey my laws” +EZK 22 26 j2q1 0 do violence to my law Alternate translation: “disobey my laws” EZK 22 26 g2wa figs-nominaladj 0 the unclean and the clean This refers to unclean and clean things. Something that God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “things that are unclean and things that are clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 22 26 qr2v figs-metaphor 0 They hide their eyes from my Sabbaths This speaks of the people ignoring and not observing the Sabbath and if they were hiding their eyes from the Sabbath” Alternate translation: “They ignore my Sabbaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 22 26 lvt2 figs-activepassive 0 so that I am profaned in their midst This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and profane me among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1417,7 +1417,7 @@ EZK 22 31 dh4t figs-metaphor 0 I will finish them with the fire of my indignati EZK 23 intro tr7w 0 # Ezekiel 23 General Notes
## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metaphor

Israel and Judah have been unfaithful to God by worshiping idols. They are compared to two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 23 1 q5z2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of how the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him in a metaphor in which he refers to them as two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 23 1 n9qw figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 23 2 z293 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 23 2 z293 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 23 3 rn52 figs-activepassive 0 Their breasts were squeezed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Men squeezed their breasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 23 3 gzk8 figs-parallelism 0 their virgin nipples were fondled there This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase and emphasizes the immoral behavior of the two young women. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there men fondled their virgin nipples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 23 3 vp26 0 fondled to be touched lovingly or softly @@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ EZK 23 4 gq1j translate-names 0 Oholah This is the name of a woman that means EZK 23 4 v8en translate-names 0 Oholibah This is the name of a woman that means “my tent is in her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZK 23 5 g9a2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 23 5 bdi2 figs-explicit 0 when she was mine This refers to when she was his wife. Alternate translation: “while she was still my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 23 5 w61b 0 who were dominant “who ruled over her” +EZK 23 5 w61b 0 who were dominant Alternate translation: “who ruled over her” EZK 23 7 mie9 0 all the best of Assyria’s men This identifies who the word “them” refers to. EZK 23 7 kx3n figs-explicit 0 she made herself unclean with everyone she lusted for—and with all their idols This implies that she slept with all of these men and worshiped the idols they worshiped. Alternate translation: “she made herself unclean by sleeping with everyone she lusted for and by worshiping all their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 23 7 gtx5 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1443,7 +1443,7 @@ EZK 23 14 z15h figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaph EZK 23 15 tmh2 0 turbans hats made out of long cloth and wrapped around the top of a man’s head EZK 23 15 d6xq figs-abstractnouns 0 had the appearance of officers of chariot troops, the likeness of sons The abstract nouns “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “appeared the way officers of chariot troops do, and they looked like sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 23 15 ae9b 0 chariot troops soldiers who drive chariots and who run ahead of and beside them -EZK 23 15 af5n 0 sons of Babylonia “Babylonians” +EZK 23 15 af5n 0 sons of Babylonia Alternate translation: “Babylonians” EZK 23 16 g668 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 23 17 pxm6 figs-explicit 0 her bed of lust This refers to her bed where she slept with men and acted lustfully. Alternate translation: “her bed where she acted lustfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 23 17 wf38 figs-explicit 0 they made her unclean with their promiscuousness This means that they slept with the woman. Alternate translation: “they slept with her and made her unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1455,7 +1455,7 @@ EZK 23 20 hg43 figs-simile 0 whose private parts were like those of donkeys Thi EZK 23 20 cs4h figs-simile 0 whose reproductive emissions were like those of horses This compares the volume of the mens’ emissions to those of a horse to show how wicked Oholibah’s desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be like those of a horse. Alternate translation: “whose reproductive emissions were huge, like those of a horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) EZK 23 22 yw7s figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 23 22 f3fw 0 Behold! “Listen!” The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -EZK 23 22 e1zm 0 I will bring them against you from every side “I will cause them to attack you from all directions” +EZK 23 22 e1zm 0 I will bring them against you from every side Alternate translation: “I will cause them to attack you from all directions” EZK 23 23 b6g9 figs-hyperbole 0 the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them This does not refer to all of the people who live in these places, but rather to soldiers from there. Alternate translation: “soldiers from Babylon and all of Chaldea, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the soldiers of Assyria with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) EZK 23 23 j89j translate-names 0 Pekod, Shoa, and Koa These are the names places in Babylonia. These places represent the soldiers from these places. Alternate translation: “those from Pekod, Shoa, and Koa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 23 23 znx2 0 strong, handsome men, governors and commanders … all of them riding on horses This is the description of the men of Assyria that Oholah had slept with who are now turning against her. This is similar to the description given in [Ezekiel 23:6](../23/06.md). @@ -1472,7 +1472,7 @@ EZK 23 27 e5hm figs-explicit 0 from the land of Egypt This refers to her prosti EZK 23 27 ygi8 figs-metaphor 0 You will not lift up your eyes toward them with longing This is a way to refer to a person turning their head to look at something. Here looking represents desire. Alternate translation: “You will not look toward them with longing” or “You will not desire these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 23 27 sh71 figs-metonymy 0 you will think of Egypt no longer Here “Egypt” represents the shameful things that she did in Egypt. Alternate translation: “you will think about the things you did in Egypt no longer” or “you will not think about what you did in Egypt any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 23 28 q8gn figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](../23/34.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 23 28 a7lw 0 Behold “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important” +EZK 23 28 a7lw 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important” EZK 23 28 vhb4 figs-explicit 0 give you into the hand of the ones you hate … into the hand of the ones from whom you had turned away These two phrases have the same meaning. It means that they will be captured by the men they used to prostitute themselves to. Alternate translation: “allow you to be captured by those you hate and had turned away from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 23 28 krd4 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 23 29 xqa4 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing and emphasize that she will be completely uncovered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -1492,7 +1492,7 @@ EZK 23 33 q7hx figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues his metaph EZK 23 33 g6dn figs-metaphor 0 You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow This speaks of being very drunk and full of sorrow as if drunkenness and sorrow were things that filled her body. Alternate translation: “You will become very drunk and very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 23 33 pw5b figs-doublet 0 the cup of horror and devastation “the cup that causes horror and devastation.” The words “horror” and “devastation” share similar meanings here and emphasize how terrible her punishment will be. Alternate translation: “for what is in that cup causes horror and devastation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 23 33 t7dj figs-metaphor 0 the cup of your sister Samaria Oholibah’s sister Oholah represents Samaria. Samaria is called by it’s name but still referred to as a sister. The cup is a symbol for the punishment that she received. Alternate translation: “for this is the same cup of punishment that your sister, who represents Samaria, drank” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 23 34 r2ip 0 tear your breasts “cut your beasts” +EZK 23 34 r2ip 0 tear your breasts Alternate translation: “cut your beasts” EZK 23 34 hs2h figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 23 35 k299 figs-metaphor 0 thrown me away behind your back Yahweh speaks of Oholibah rejecting him as if he were an object that she had thrown behind her back and forgotten. Alternate translation: “rejected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 23 36 ght4 figs-rquestion 0 Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah? Yahweh uses this rhetorical question as a command for Ezekiel. This question can be written as a statement. The cities of Jerusalem and Samaria are represented by Oholah and Oholibah. Alternate translation: “Son of man, you will judge Oholah and Oholibah!” or “Son of man, judge the people of those two cities represented by Oholah and Oholibah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1501,28 +1501,28 @@ EZK 23 37 p5bi figs-idiom 0 there is blood on their hands This is an idiom. Alt EZK 23 38 bmp1 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks about how the people of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him. EZK 23 38 wj94 figs-metaphor 0 unclean A person or thing God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 23 38 b7r3 figs-ellipsis 0 on the same day they defile my Sabbaths The phrase “same day” refers to the previous phrase “make my sanctuary unclean.” Alternate translation: “on the same day on which they make my sanctuary unclean, they defile my Sabbaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -EZK 23 39 nz1m 0 behold! “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important” +EZK 23 39 nz1m 0 behold! Alternate translation: “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important” EZK 23 39 c5rz figs-synecdoche 0 in the middle of my house This refers to the house in general. The reference to the “middle” emphasizes that what was done happened openly in the temple and defiled the whole place. Alternate translation: “in my own house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 23 40 tq47 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh again refers to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 23 40 g1jq 0 behold “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 23 40 g1jq 0 behold Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” EZK 23 40 ale7 0 you bathed, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewelry These are things done by a woman to make her appear more beautiful to a man. EZK 23 40 k1au figs-you 0 you bathed Here the word “you” switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EZK 23 41 j4l7 figs-you 0 you sat Here the word “you” switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EZK 23 41 mnk9 0 my incense and my oil These are items used in worship to Yahweh. EZK 23 42 n4zw figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 23 42 jt3b figs-metonymy 0 So the sound of a noisy crowd was around her The sound of the crowd is used to refer to the crowd of people. Alternate translation: “So there was a noisy crowd around her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 23 42 t1ly 0 was around her … on their hands “was around her … on her and her sister’s hands.” This verse begins by referring to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. In the second part of the verse it switches back to referring to both sisters with the word “their.” +EZK 23 42 t1ly 0 was around her … on their hands This verse begins by referring to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. In the second part of the verse it switches back to referring to both sisters with the word “their.” Alternate translation: “was around her … on her and her sister’s hands” EZK 23 42 b87k figs-activepassive 0 Sabeans were brought This can be stated in active form. The word “Sabeans” refers to people from Sheba. Alternate translation: “Sabeans had come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZK 23 42 d9u6 0 they put bracelets The word “they” refers to the men. EZK 23 43 upm3 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 23 43 wi7x 0 her who was worn out … with her, and she with them This refers to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. EZK 23 44 ea8z 0 They went in to her, as men go in to a prostitute They had sexual relations with her in the same way that men have sexual relations with a prostitute. -EZK 23 44 ult7 0 They went in to her “They went in to where she was” or “They went to her” -EZK 23 44 fs3v 0 In this way they went in to Oholah and Oholibah “This is how they had sexual relations with Oholah and Oholibah” +EZK 23 44 ult7 0 They went in to her Alternate translation: “They went in to where she was” or “They went to her” +EZK 23 44 fs3v 0 In this way they went in to Oholah and Oholibah Alternate translation: “This is how they had sexual relations with Oholah and Oholibah” EZK 23 45 as8j figs-idiom 0 pass judgment This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “condemn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 23 45 zg5h figs-idiom 0 who shed blood … blood is on their hands This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who murder people … murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 23 46 mry5 figs-idiom 0 raise up a company The phrase “raise up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “gather a large group of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 23 46 wi9z 0 against them and give them “against Jerusalem and Samaria and give them” +EZK 23 46 wi9z 0 against them and give them Alternate translation: “against Jerusalem and Samaria and give them” EZK 23 46 yif5 0 give them up Yahweh gives up the responsibility to take care of them and allows them to suffer. EZK 23 46 na2t figs-activepassive 0 to be terrorized and plundered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the company to terrorize and plunder them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 23 47 qul5 figs-idiom 0 cut them down This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1534,7 +1534,7 @@ EZK 24 1 s2z2 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel. EZK 24 1 e7xf figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 24 1 zmw7 translate-ordinal 0 in the ninth year “in year 9.” This refers to how long they had been in exile under King Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “in the ninth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 24 1 n6gx translate-hebrewmonths 0 the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month “the tenth day of the tenth month” or “the 10th day of the 10th month.” This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -EZK 24 2 i79z 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 24 2 i79z 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 24 2 ve79 figs-metonymy 0 the king of Babylon has besieged The army of Babylon is referred to by its leader. Alternate translation: “the army of the king of Babylon has besieged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 24 3 i8ft figs-parables 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](../24/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) EZK 24 3 xw29 figs-metonymy 0 this rebellious house This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “this rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1551,13 +1551,13 @@ EZK 24 7 dq7g figs-parables 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling a p EZK 24 7 b2an figs-explicit 0 For her blood is in the midst of her This means that the blood from those who were murdered in Jerusalem is still there. Alternate translation: “For the blood of those who were murdered among her is still there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 24 7 e9bt 0 her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, which is represented by the cooking pot. EZK 24 7 tij3 figs-personification 0 She has set it on the smooth rock; she has not poured it out on the ground to cover it with dust This personifies Jerusalem as a person who murdered the people and chose where to put their blood. Alternate translation: “They were murdered on the smooth rocks; not on the dirt where the dust would hide their blood” or “Their blood fell on the smooth rocks; it did not fall on the ground where the dust would cover it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -EZK 24 7 a5bz 0 has set it on the smooth rock “has put the blood on bare rocks” +EZK 24 7 a5bz 0 has set it on the smooth rock Alternate translation: “has put the blood on bare rocks” EZK 24 8 k2au figs-explicit 0 so it brings fury up to exact vengeance Here Yahweh is speaking about himself taking revenge on those who murdered the people in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in order that I could see it and then be angry and get revenge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 24 8 h9cs figs-activepassive 0 so it could not be covered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one could cover it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 24 9 cny3 figs-parables 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](../24/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) EZK 24 9 k8zi figs-metonymy 0 the city of blood Here “blood” is a reference to “murder.” Alternate translation: “the city of murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 24 9 b6ad figs-explicit 0 I will also enlarge the pile of wood It is implied that the pile of wood is under the cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. “I will make the pile of wood on the fire under you even bigger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 24 10 m3iu 0 kindle the fire “light the fire” +EZK 24 10 m3iu 0 kindle the fire Alternate translation: “light the fire” EZK 24 10 vsz6 figs-activepassive 0 let the bones be charred This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “burn the bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 24 11 v897 figs-parables 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through [Ezekiel 24:14](../24/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) EZK 24 11 tn3f 0 scorch to burn the surface of something @@ -1575,18 +1575,18 @@ EZK 24 14 il2j 0 nor will I rest from it “nor will I rest from punishing you EZK 24 14 rdm6 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 24 15 cmi1 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 24 16 py3j figs-synecdoche 0 the desire of your eyes from This refers to Ezekiel’s wife. Yahweh refers to Ezekiel by the part of his body he uses to see his wife. Alternate translation: “your wife, whom you love very much, from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -EZK 24 16 wi26 0 with a plague “by a disease” +EZK 24 16 wi26 0 with a plague Alternate translation: “by a disease” EZK 24 16 sgn7 figs-parallelism 0 you must not mourn nor weep, and your tears must not flow These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Ezekiel is not to cry about his wife dying. Alternate translation: “you must not mourn nor weep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) EZK 24 17 yh8j figs-nominaladj 0 the dead This refers to his dead wife. Alternate translation: “your dead wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) EZK 24 17 b8pp 0 turban a head covering made of a long cloth wrapped around the head EZK 24 17 wg7t 0 sandals a simple shoe held onto the foot with straps around the ankles EZK 24 17 k28d translate-symaction 0 do not veil your facial hair In Israel, men would shave their beards to express sorrow, then cover their faces until their facial hair grew back. Yahweh told Ezekiel not to cover his facial hair in order to show that he had not shaved his face to express his sorrow. Alternate translation: “do not mourn by veiling your facial hair” or “do not mourn by shaving and covering your beard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -EZK 24 18 e5nr 0 In the morning “The next morning” +EZK 24 18 e5nr 0 In the morning Alternate translation: “The next morning” EZK 24 19 j5bh 0 General Information: The people of Israel question Ezekiel, and Ezekiel tells them what Yahweh has said to them. EZK 24 20 a86e figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 24 21 a8px figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 24 21 vx6c 0 Behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -EZK 24 21 tq97 0 I will desecrate my sanctuary—the pride of … of your soul, and your sons “I will desecrate my sanctuary which is the pride … of your soul. Your sons” +EZK 24 21 tq97 0 I will desecrate my sanctuary—the pride of … of your soul, and your sons Alternate translation: “I will desecrate my sanctuary which is the pride … of your soul. Your sons” EZK 24 21 qcv7 figs-metonymy 0 the pride of your power This describes the temple as the building that the people are proud of. This speaks of it as being their “pride” instead of the source of their pride. Alternate translation: “the building that you are proud of” or “the source of your strong pride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 24 21 lh1d figs-synecdoche 0 the delight of your eyes Here Yahweh refers to the people by their “eyes.” Alternate translation: “the building that you delight to look at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 24 21 fa6c figs-synecdoche 0 the yearning of your soul Here Yahweh refers to the people by their “soul” to emphasize their inner feelings. Alternate translation: “the building that you truly love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -1604,35 +1604,35 @@ EZK 24 27 x42v figs-metaphor 0 You will be a sign for them Here the word “sig EZK 24 27 v14c figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 25 intro w37s 0 # Ezekiel 25 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

### Prophecy against other nations
This chapter includes prophecies against some Gentile nations. Ammon, Moab, Edom and Philistia will all be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) EZK 25 1 fc5p figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 25 2 hr8s 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 25 2 hr8s 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 25 2 t1h5 translate-symaction 0 set your face against the people of Ammon This is a command to stare at the people of Ammon as a symbol of punishing them. Alternate translation: “stare at the people of Ammon” or “stare at the people of Ammon so that they will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 25 2 z8cr translate-symaction 0 set your face against the people of Ammon Ammon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see the people there, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “Turn toward the people of Ammon and stare” or “stare toward Ammon so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -EZK 25 2 ji1x 0 the people of Ammon “the descendants of Ammon” or “those who live in the land of Ammon” +EZK 25 2 ji1x 0 the people of Ammon Alternate translation: “the descendants of Ammon” or “those who live in the land of Ammon” EZK 25 2 y2y9 0 prophesy against them “prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them.” This means to prophesy about the horrible things that will happen to the people of Ammon. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/07.md). EZK 25 3 h56r 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Ezekiel what to say to the people of Ammon. -EZK 25 3 s9pp 0 Hear the word of the Lord Yahweh “Listen to this message from the Lord Yahweh” +EZK 25 3 s9pp 0 Hear the word of the Lord Yahweh Alternate translation: “Listen to this message from the Lord Yahweh” EZK 25 3 e8ne 0 you said, “Aha!” “you cheered.” The word “Aha” is a sound people make when they are happy about something. In this case the people were happy because bad things happened to Israel and Judah. EZK 25 3 xrf5 figs-activepassive 0 over my sanctuary when it was profaned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “against my sanctuary when the enemy army profaned it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 25 3 t975 0 against the land … against the house “over the land … over the house” +EZK 25 3 t975 0 against the land … against the house Alternate translation: “over the land … over the house” EZK 25 3 z3wr figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 25 4 q4k4 0 behold “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 25 4 q4k4 0 behold Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you” EZK 25 4 cex8 figs-metaphor 0 I am giving you to a people in the east as their possession This speaks of the enemy army conquering the land of Ammon and taking possession of the land and everything in it as if the enemy were taking the people of Ammon as their possession. It is not implied here that the enemy took the people of Ammon as slaves. Alternate translation: “I will cause an army from a land that is east of you to come and conquer you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 25 4 erp6 0 They will set up camp against you and set up their tents among you “They will set up tents and live in your country” +EZK 25 4 erp6 0 They will set up camp against you and set up their tents among you Alternate translation: “They will set up tents and live in your country” EZK 25 4 c4qf figs-explicit 0 They will eat your fruit and they will drink your milk It may be helpful to specify the source of the fruit and milk. Alternate translation: “They will eat the fruit from your trees and drink the milk from your cattle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 25 5 p11j figs-metonymy 0 the people of Ammon a field for flocks Here the phrase “the people of Ammon” refers to the land that belonged to the people of Ammon. Also, the understood information at the beginning of this phrase may be supplied. Alternate translation: “I will make the rest of the land of Ammon a field for flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) EZK 25 5 jjh8 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 25 6 yv28 translate-symaction 0 You have clapped your hands and stamped your feet These actions are ways to show strong emotions. In this case the people are cheering and showing their contempt against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 25 6 yi9z figs-metonymy 0 all the contempt within you against the land of Israel Here the phrase “the land of Israel” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “all of the hatred you feel towards the people who live in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 25 7 bbl3 0 behold “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you” +EZK 25 7 bbl3 0 behold Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you” EZK 25 7 kzd2 figs-metaphor 0 I will strike you with my hand “I will hit you with my powerful hand.” Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 25 7 u2p4 figs-metonymy 0 give you as plunder to the nations The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon but is also a metonym for their land and their possessions. Alternate translation: “I will allow enemies to defeat you and take you, your land, and your possessions as plunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 25 7 six2 figs-parallelism 0 I will cut you off from the peoples … make you perish from among the countries These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will completely destroy the people of Ammon so that they are no longer a nation. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy you so that you are no longer a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) EZK 25 8 m7lp figs-metonymy 0 Moab and Seir These places refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab and Seir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 25 8 jaw7 0 Behold! The house of Judah is like “Look at the house of Judah. It is like” +EZK 25 8 jaw7 0 Behold! The house of Judah is like Alternate translation: “Look at the house of Judah. It is like” EZK 25 8 yax1 figs-metonymy 0 The house of Judah is The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “The Judah people group are” or “The people of Judah are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 25 9 fnu5 0 behold! I will open “look! I will open” or “listen! I will open” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you! I will open” +EZK 25 9 fnu5 0 behold! I will open Alternate translation: “look! I will open” or “listen! I will open” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you! I will open” EZK 25 9 fyg9 figs-personification 0 starting at his cities Here the city of Moab is spoken of with the masculine pronoun “his.” Alternate translation: “starting at its cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -EZK 25 10 h7xa 0 to the people of the east who have been against the people of Ammon “I will send the same army from the people in the east who attacked Ammon” +EZK 25 10 h7xa 0 to the people of the east who have been against the people of Ammon Alternate translation: “I will send the same army from the people in the east who attacked Ammon” EZK 25 10 nvt6 figs-metaphor 0 I will give them up as a possession Here Yahweh speaks of allowing the armies from the east to conquer Ammon as if Ammon were a possession that he was giving them. Alternate translation: “I will allow the armies to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 25 10 qs9u figs-activepassive 0 so that the people of Ammon will not be remembered among the nations This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the nations will not remember the people of Ammon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 25 12 ph9y figs-metonymy 0 Edom has taken Here “Edom” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Edom have taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1641,7 +1641,7 @@ EZK 25 13 shy7 figs-metaphor 0 I will strike Edom with my hand Here Yahweh spea EZK 25 13 u34t translate-names 0 I will make them … from Teman to Dedan “I will make all of Edom … from Teman to Dedan.” These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom. This means that Yahweh will destroy all of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZK 25 13 lfw7 figs-metonymy 0 They will fall by the sword The word “fall” represents being killed and the word “sword” refers to their enemies who will kill them in battle. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will kill them with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 25 14 fx1e figs-metonymy 0 I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel Here the “hand” of Israel is a metonym for Israel’s army. Yahweh speaks of taking revenge on the people of Edom as if his vengeance were like a sheet that he covered them with. The abstract noun “vengeance” can be translated with the verb “to punish.” Alternate translation: “I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 25 14 h1jc 0 they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury “they will show Edom my anger and fury” or “they will punish Edom according to my anger and fury against the people of Edom” +EZK 25 14 h1jc 0 they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury Alternate translation: “they will show Edom my anger and fury” or “they will punish Edom according to my anger and fury against the people of Edom” EZK 25 14 jl32 figs-doublet 0 my anger and my fury The word “fury” means basically the same thing as and intensifies the word “anger.” Alternate translation: “my furious anger” or “my extreme anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 25 14 t72s figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 25 15 ikk3 figs-idiom 0 The Philistines have taken vengeance with malice and from within themselves they tried to destroy Judah again and again The phrase “from within themselves” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The Philistines hate Judah and have tried to take revenge against it by their own strength again and again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1654,14 +1654,14 @@ EZK 26 intro ya6v 0 # Ezekiel 26 General Notes
## Structure and formatting EZK 26 1 t2ex translate-ordinal 0 in the eleventh year “in year 11.” This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. Alternate translation: “in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 26 1 z8up translate-ordinal 0 on the first day of the month “on day 1 of the month.” It is uncertain which month of the Hebrew calendar Ezekiel meant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 26 1 qf5l figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 26 2 niu7 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 26 2 niu7 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 26 2 h3yr figs-metonymy 0 Tyre has said against Jerusalem Here the city names “Tyre” and “Jerusalem” represent the people of those cities. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre have said against the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 26 2 e6ch figs-exclamations 0 Aha! The word “Aha” is a sound people make when they discover something. Alternate translation: “Yes!” or “This is great!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) EZK 26 2 ye9y figs-metaphor 0 The gates of the people are broken The people of Tyre use these words to refer to Jerusalem as if it were a city gate through which traders from the surrounding nations pass. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Armies have broken down the gates of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 26 2 a2hy figs-explicit 0 She has turned to me Here the word “she” refers to the word “gates” which have “turned” on their hinges to open to Tyre. This phrase means that Tyre has now replaced Jerusalem as the city through which the traders from many nations pass. Alternate translation: “The gateway has opened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 26 2 xwf1 figs-metonymy 0 I will be filled up Here to be “filled up” represents being prosperous. Alternate translation: “I will become prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 26 2 dz8h 0 she is ruined “Jerusalem is ruined” -EZK 26 3 um27 0 Behold! “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” +EZK 26 2 dz8h 0 she is ruined Alternate translation: “Jerusalem is ruined” +EZK 26 3 um27 0 Behold! Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” EZK 26 3 bgn4 figs-metonymy 0 I will raise up many nations against you like the sea raises its waves Here the word “nations” refers to their armies. Alternate translation: “I will gather armies from many nations that will beat against you like the waves in the raging sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 26 4 z8j2 figs-simile 0 I will sweep her dust away and make her like a bare rock Yahweh speaks of how he will cause Tyre to be completely destroyed. Alternate translation: “I will cause the armies to completely destroy the city, and they will leave nothing there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 26 5 eq7r 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message to Tyre. @@ -1672,7 +1672,7 @@ EZK 26 6 kv1j figs-activepassive 0 Her daughters who are in the fields will be EZK 26 6 mr2n figs-metonymy 0 Her daughters who are in the fields This could mean: (1) “Her daughters” were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or (2) “Her daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. Alternate translation: “Her daughter communities who are on the mainland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 26 6 rmu1 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 26 7 n4gc 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -EZK 26 7 mq6a 0 Behold “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 26 7 mq6a 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” EZK 26 7 ri6u figs-explicit 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings The phrase “king of kings” was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the greatest king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 26 7 es3k 0 a great many people This emphasizes the great size of Nebuchadnezzar’s army. EZK 26 8 pm5g figs-metonymy 0 He will kill Here the word “He” refers to Nebuchadnezzar and is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: “His army will kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1689,7 +1689,7 @@ EZK 26 12 ydv6 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his mes EZK 26 12 k2sc figs-parallelism 0 They will plunder your riches and loot your merchandise The phrases “plunder your riches” and “loot your merchandise” mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) EZK 26 12 ep9y 0 luxurious expensive and comfortable EZK 26 12 ky6z 0 Your stones, your timber, and the rubble These refer to what is left after the walls and homes are torn down. -EZK 26 12 x5ey 0 into the waters “into the sea” +EZK 26 12 x5ey 0 into the waters Alternate translation: “into the sea” EZK 26 13 y7hj figs-activepassive 0 The sound of your harps will be heard no more This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will hear the sound of your harps anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 26 14 r43e figs-metaphor 0 I will make you a bare rock This metaphor describes the results after Yahweh completely destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:4](../26/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 26 14 y7m1 figs-metaphor 0 you will become a place where nets are spread out to dry This metaphor also describes the results after Yahweh destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:5](../26/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1697,12 +1697,12 @@ EZK 26 14 f7ce figs-activepassive 0 you will become a place where nets This can EZK 26 15 v6ti 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. EZK 26 15 mn77 figs-rquestion 0 Will not the islands quake … in your midst? This question expects a positive answer and emphasizes the results of Tyre’s destruction. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The islands will quake … in your midst.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 26 15 l6ij figs-metonymy 0 Will not the islands quake Here “the islands” represents the people living on the islands. Alternate translation: “Will not the people of the islands quake with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 26 16 gy2a 0 princes of the sea “princes of the coastlands” +EZK 26 16 gy2a 0 princes of the sea Alternate translation: “princes of the coastlands” EZK 26 16 fg7y figs-metaphor 0 They will clothe themselves with trembling This metaphor represents the princes trembling enough to seem like it was their clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 26 16 fk99 0 be appalled because of you “be unable to speak because what has happened to you is so bad” +EZK 26 16 fk99 0 be appalled because of you Alternate translation: “be unable to speak because what has happened to you is so bad” EZK 26 17 cf7x 0 General Information: In these verses, “They” refers to the “princes of the sea” in the previous verse, and “you” refers to Tyre. EZK 26 17 az5c 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -EZK 26 17 p6k6 0 lift up “sing” +EZK 26 17 p6k6 0 lift up Alternate translation: “sing” EZK 26 17 u3mk figs-activepassive 0 How you, who were inhabited by sailors, have been destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “How your enemies have destroyed you—you who were inhabited by sailors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 26 17 ey9i figs-abstractnouns 0 spread a terror about themselves upon everyone who lived near them The abstract noun “terror” can be translated using the adjective “terrified.” Alternate translation: “caused all the people around them to be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 26 18 qw2y figs-parallelism 0 Now the coasts tremble on the day of your downfall. The islands in the sea are terrified, because you are no longer in your place These two lines are similar in meaning and emphasize the response of the surrounding people to the destruction of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -1719,47 +1719,47 @@ EZK 26 20 c3ul figs-metaphor 0 stand in the land of the living This represents EZK 26 21 lui3 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will place disaster on you The abstract noun “disaster” can be translated using the adjective “terrible” or the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will bring you to a terrible end” or “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 27 intro m11q 0 # Ezekiel 27 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
The prophecy against Tyre continues in this chapter. Tyre has become wealthy from trade as far as Spain, but Tyre will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metaphor

Tyre is compared to a ship built with the very best materials. Despite its strength and power, Yahweh will destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 27 1 w529 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 27 2 x6yp 0 son of man “son of a human being” or “son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” +EZK 27 2 x6yp 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” EZK 27 2 zc5g figs-abstractnouns 0 begin a lamentation The abstract noun “lamentation” can be translated using the verb “lament.” Alternate translation: “begin to lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 27 3 wz6j figs-metonymy 0 say to Tyre Here the word “Tyre” represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: “say to the people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 27 3 h74v 0 who lives within the gates of the sea “who lives at the gates of the sea” or “who lives at the entry to the sea” +EZK 27 3 h74v 0 who lives within the gates of the sea Alternate translation: “who lives at the gates of the sea” or “who lives at the entry to the sea” EZK 27 3 uay7 figs-metonymy 0 Tyre, you have said Here the word “Tyre” represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: “People of Tyre, you have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 27 3 lrt3 figs-abstractnouns 0 I am perfect in beauty The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated using the adjective “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “I am perfectly beautiful” or “I am entirely beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 27 4 r25t figs-metaphor 0 General Information: “Your” and “you” in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 27 4 nk2f 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -EZK 27 4 r7fr 0 Your borders “Your boundaries” -EZK 27 4 w59z 0 heart of the seas “middle of the seas” +EZK 27 4 r7fr 0 Your borders Alternate translation: “Your boundaries” +EZK 27 4 w59z 0 heart of the seas Alternate translation: “middle of the seas” EZK 27 5 j44a 0 planks long, flat pieces of wood; thick boards EZK 27 5 kk7d 0 a mast a large pole on a ship that holds up the sails of the ship EZK 27 6 pc2s 0 General Information: “They” in these verses refers to the builders of Tyre. “Your” refers to Tyre. EZK 27 6 tne4 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 27 6 gc41 0 oars long pieces of wood with flat blades at one end that people use to make a boat move EZK 27 6 mb7n 0 decks the parts of the boat that people can walk on -EZK 27 6 jm6a 0 overlaid them “covered them” +EZK 27 6 jm6a 0 overlaid them Alternate translation: “covered them” EZK 27 6 gx72 0 ivory a white, beautiful, and hard material that is made from the long teeth of some animals EZK 27 7 kz9m 0 sails large pieces of cloth that move a ship when the wind blows on them EZK 27 7 qe9t figs-simile 0 Your sails were made from colorful linen from Egypt that served as your banner The sails of the ship are compared to the banners or flags of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 27 8 u5r7 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre. EZK 27 8 f813 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 27 8 hd5c translate-names 0 Arvad This is the name of a small island off the coast of Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZK 27 8 d8z5 0 sages of Tyre “wise men of Tyre” +EZK 27 8 d8z5 0 sages of Tyre Alternate translation: “wise men of Tyre” EZK 27 8 f7tx 0 pilots A pilot is a person who controls where a ship goes by steering the ship. EZK 27 9 r7t4 translate-names 0 Byblos This is the name of a city on the Syrian coast. Other versions call it by the name “Gebal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) -EZK 27 9 z45r 0 filled your seams “repaired your cracks” or “repaired your leaks” +EZK 27 9 z45r 0 filled your seams Alternate translation: “repaired your cracks” or “repaired your leaks” EZK 27 9 v3ke 0 sailors A sailor is one of the team of workers on a ship. EZK 27 10 t1q7 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre. EZK 27 10 aw8i 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. EZK 27 10 fj9d translate-names 0 Persia, Lydia … Libya These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZK 27 10 z7jj 0 your men of war “men who fought in your wars” or “serving as your warriors” +EZK 27 10 z7jj 0 your men of war Alternate translation: “men who fought in your wars” or “serving as your warriors” EZK 27 10 hpk8 figs-abstractnouns 0 your splendor The abstract noun “splendor” can be translated using the adjective “splendid.” Alternate translation: “how splendid you were” or “how majestic you were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 27 11 hyb6 translate-names 0 Arvad … Helek … Gammad These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZK 27 11 m439 figs-abstractnouns 0 They completed your beauty The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated using the adjective “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “They finished making you beautiful” or “They made you perfectly beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 27 12 y349 0 General Information: The word “your” in these verses refers to Tyre. EZK 27 12 e1zd 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. EZK 27 12 eq3f 0 Silver, iron, tin, and lead metals that were used during that time period -EZK 27 12 k94d 0 your wares “the things you offered for sale” +EZK 27 12 k94d 0 your wares Alternate translation: “the things you offered for sale” EZK 27 13 w98r translate-names 0 Javan This is the name of a coastal region also known as Ionia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZK 27 13 l4c6 0 They handled your merchandise “They traded for your merchandise” +EZK 27 13 l4c6 0 They handled your merchandise Alternate translation: “They traded for your merchandise” EZK 27 14 we25 0 General Information: The word “your” in these verses refers to Tyre. EZK 27 14 fip1 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. EZK 27 14 nr6y translate-names 0 Beth Togarmah the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1771,7 +1771,7 @@ EZK 27 15 bcv9 0 ebony a dark brown to black hardwood that is very dense or he EZK 27 16 wy28 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre. EZK 27 16 bl1q 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. EZK 27 16 m6pt figs-metonymy 0 Aram was a dealer Here “Aram” refers to the people of Aram. Alternate translation: “The people of Aram were dealers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 27 16 b9u3 0 dealer “trader” +EZK 27 16 b9u3 0 dealer Alternate translation: “trader” EZK 27 16 p36i 0 emeralds An emerald is a type of green precious stone. EZK 27 16 bmk5 figs-nominaladj 0 purple Here purple cloth or yarn is referred to by just its color. Alternate translation: “purple cloth” or “purple yarn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) EZK 27 16 ka72 0 pearls beautiful beads of hard white material that come from creatures in the sea @@ -1781,7 +1781,7 @@ EZK 27 17 f7fy translate-names 0 Minnith This is the name of a place. (See: [[r EZK 27 17 mek4 0 cakes The meaning of the Hebrew word translated here as “cakes” is uncertain. Other versions may translate it as another type of food. EZK 27 17 fv9m 0 balsam a sweet-smelling gum or resin that comes from a tree EZK 27 18 c3qx translate-names 0 Helbon … Zahar names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZK 27 18 sji6 0 enormous wealth “abundant wealth” or “great wealth” +EZK 27 18 sji6 0 enormous wealth Alternate translation: “abundant wealth” or “great wealth” EZK 27 19 meg9 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre. EZK 27 19 by7i 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. EZK 27 19 z471 translate-names 0 Dan … Javan … Izal These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1796,22 +1796,22 @@ EZK 27 21 pe5d figs-metonymy 0 Arabia This is a metonym for the people of Arabi EZK 27 22 tk79 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre. EZK 27 22 i5a5 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. EZK 27 22 u136 translate-names 0 Sheba … Raamah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZK 27 22 pmg1 0 precious gems “valuable stones” +EZK 27 22 pmg1 0 precious gems Alternate translation: “valuable stones” EZK 27 23 p6qs figs-metonymy 0 Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad This refers to the people from these places. Alternate translation: “The people of Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with the people of Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 27 23 ad7i translate-names 0 Haran … Kanneh … Eden … Sheba … Ashur … Kilmad These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZK 27 24 r4c9 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre. EZK 27 24 u2us 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -EZK 27 24 neq7 0 These were your dealers “They traded with you” -EZK 27 24 e7b1 0 ornate robes of violet cloths with woven colors “purple robes with many different colors” -EZK 27 24 kbt9 0 blankets of multicolored, embroidered, and well-woven cloth “blankets with many colors that had designs and were of high quality” +EZK 27 24 neq7 0 These were your dealers Alternate translation: “They traded with you” +EZK 27 24 e7b1 0 ornate robes of violet cloths with woven colors Alternate translation: “purple robes with many different colors” +EZK 27 24 kbt9 0 blankets of multicolored, embroidered, and well-woven cloth Alternate translation: “blankets with many colors that had designs and were of high quality” EZK 27 25 g238 figs-activepassive 0 The ships of Tarshish were the transporters of your merchandise This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The ships of Tarshish carried your merchandise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 27 25 i67z figs-metaphor 0 you were filled up, heavily laden with cargo Tyre’s abundance is spoken of as if it was a ship that was full of cargo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 27 25 lk4d 0 heart of the seas “middle of the seas.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md). EZK 27 26 t2gs figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 27 26 uq7n 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. -EZK 27 26 l9bc 0 Your rowers “The people that row you” -EZK 27 26 r4ff 0 vast seas “great waters” -EZK 27 26 kh95 0 the eastern wind “the strong wind from the east” +EZK 27 26 l9bc 0 Your rowers Alternate translation: “The people that row you” +EZK 27 26 r4ff 0 vast seas Alternate translation: “great waters” +EZK 27 26 kh95 0 the eastern wind Alternate translation: “the strong wind from the east” EZK 27 26 il9m 0 middle of them “heart of the seas” or “middle of the seas.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md). EZK 27 27 hyf8 0 sailors men who sail boats EZK 27 27 v82e 0 depths of the sea “heart of the seas” or “middle of the seas.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md). @@ -1819,34 +1819,34 @@ EZK 27 27 v5jc figs-abstractnouns 0 on the day of your destruction The abstract EZK 27 28 vu1s 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre. EZK 27 28 vb1f figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 27 28 zz11 figs-metonymy 0 Cities at the sea will tremble Here “Cities at the sea” represents the people in those cities. Alternate translation: “The people of the cities by the sea will tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 27 29 ar4c 0 All those who handle oars “All the rowers” -EZK 27 30 w6f7 0 wail bitterly “cry out sadly” +EZK 27 29 ar4c 0 All those who handle oars Alternate translation: “All the rowers” +EZK 27 30 w6f7 0 wail bitterly Alternate translation: “cry out sadly” EZK 27 30 ja2t translate-symaction 0 they will cast dust up on their heads. They will roll about in ashes These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 27 31 y422 0 General Information: The word “they” in these verses refer to the people mentioned in verses 28 and 29. The words “you” and “your” refer to Tyre. EZK 27 31 v5hn figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 27 31 l2lh translate-symaction 0 They will shave their heads bald for you and bind themselves with sackcloth These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 27 31 ftb1 0 bald having no hair on the head EZK 27 32 f54l figs-abstractnouns 0 They will lift up their wails of lamentation The abstract noun “lamentation” can be translated using the verb “lament.” Alternate translation: “They will cry out and lament” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 27 32 lh75 0 sing dirges “sing funeral songs” +EZK 27 32 lh75 0 sing dirges Alternate translation: “sing funeral songs” EZK 27 32 d8za figs-rquestion 0 Who is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea? This question expects a negative answer and emphasizes Tyre being different from all other cities. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “No other city is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 27 32 f4lr figs-activepassive 0 who has now been brought to silence This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “who its enemies have now silenced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 27 33 i7dx figs-activepassive 0 When your merchandise went ashore This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “When people brought your merchandise ashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 27 33 jza3 0 ashore “onto the land” -EZK 27 33 cs6p 0 you enriched the kings of the earth “you made the kings of the earth rich” +EZK 27 33 jza3 0 ashore Alternate translation: “onto the land” +EZK 27 33 cs6p 0 you enriched the kings of the earth Alternate translation: “you made the kings of the earth rich” EZK 27 34 x1uz 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre. EZK 27 34 fi4d figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 27 34 r7k6 figs-activepassive 0 when you were shattered by the seas, by deep waters This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “when the seas, the deep waters, shattered you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 27 34 wr3x 0 shattered To “shatter” is to break up into pieces. EZK 27 34 d3qi 0 crew team of workers -EZK 27 35 x4z1 0 were appalled at you “were shocked and terrified by what happened to you” +EZK 27 35 x4z1 0 were appalled at you Alternate translation: “were shocked and terrified by what happened to you” EZK 27 35 c2nm figs-abstractnouns 0 their kings shuddered in horror The abstract noun “horror” can be translated using the adverb “fearfully.” Alternate translation: “their kings shuddered fearfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 27 35 yhh2 0 shuddered “shook, trembled with fear” +EZK 27 35 yhh2 0 shuddered Alternate translation: “shook, trembled with fear” EZK 27 35 l348 figs-metonymy 0 Their faces trembled Here “faces” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “They appear to be trembling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 27 36 vh13 translate-symaction 0 hiss at you Hissing was making a whistling sound through the teeth. It may have been out of dismay, grief, or surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 27 36 wj8x figs-abstractnouns 0 you have become a horror The abstract noun “horror” can be translated using the adjective “dreadful.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have become dreadful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 28 intro b1j6 0 # Ezekiel 28 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

The prophecy against Tyre concludes in this chapter. Tyre will be destroyed because of its pride and unfair business practices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) EZK 28 1 g4fl figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 28 2 c7sq 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 28 2 c7sq 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 28 2 gi4w figs-metonymy 0 Your heart is arrogant Here “heart” represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. Alternate translation: “You are arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 28 2 b46m 0 arrogant falsely believing oneself to be importantbelieving oneself to be important EZK 28 2 zqk6 figs-metaphor 0 I will sit in the seat of the gods “I will sit on the throne of the gods.” Here sitting in the seat of the gods represents claiming to be in the same exalted position as if he were one of the gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1856,7 +1856,7 @@ EZK 28 3 xy88 figs-simile 0 you think that you are wiser than Daniel Here the r EZK 28 4 ds1i 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the ruler of Tyre. EZK 28 4 b1dk 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. EZK 28 4 fgz2 figs-rpronouns 0 You have made yourself wealthy with wisdom and skill The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “skill” can be translated using the adjectives “wise” and “skillful.” Alternate translation: “You have become wealthy by your own wisdom and skill” or “You have become wealthy by being wise and skillful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 28 4 jir2 0 obtained gold and silver “stored up gold and silver” +EZK 28 4 jir2 0 obtained gold and silver Alternate translation: “stored up gold and silver” EZK 28 4 xpa9 0 treasuries places to store valuable objects and keep them safe EZK 28 5 s7hz figs-abstractnouns 0 By great wisdom and by your trading, you have multiplied your wealth, so your heart is arrogant because of your wealth The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “wealth” can be translated using the adjectives “wise” and “wealthy.” Alternate translation: “By being very wise and by your trading, you have become more and more wealthy, so your heart is arrogant because of how wealthy you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 28 5 z3cd figs-metonymy 0 your heart is arrogant Here “heart” represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. Alternate translation: “you are arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1867,22 +1867,22 @@ EZK 28 7 nrp5 figs-abstractnouns 0 the beauty of your wisdom The abstract nouns EZK 28 7 b7md figs-abstractnouns 0 profane your splendor The abstract noun “splendor” can be translated using the adjective “splendid.” Alternate translation: “profane how splendid you are” or “defile how majestic you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 28 8 llb4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. The word “They” refers to foreign armies. The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. EZK 28 8 w6fj figs-metonymy 0 down to the pit Here “the pit” refers to the grave or to hell. Alternate translation: “down to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 28 8 t782 0 in the heart of the seas “in the middle of the seas” +EZK 28 8 t782 0 in the heart of the seas Alternate translation: “in the middle of the seas” EZK 28 9 d3z2 figs-rquestion 0 Will you truly say, “I am a god” to the face of one who kills you? This question expects a negative answer to emphasize the irony when one who claims to be a god is destroyed by men. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not say ‘I am a god’ to the face of one who kills you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) EZK 28 9 a38a figs-synecdoche 0 to the face of Here the face represents being in the presence of another person. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” or “before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 28 9 a1vr figs-metaphor 0 in the hand of Here being in the hand of someone represents being under their control. Alternate translation: “under the control of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 28 10 z2rh figs-metonymy 0 by the hand of foreigners Here “hand” is a metonym for the actions of the foreigners’ army. Alternate translation: “by an army of foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 28 10 aag6 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 28 11 t3he figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came again to me, saying, The idiom “The word of Yahweh came again to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me a second time. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 28 12 ak3z 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” -EZK 28 12 i9b8 0 lift up “sing” +EZK 28 12 ak3z 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 28 12 i9b8 0 lift up Alternate translation: “sing” EZK 28 12 mf2x figs-abstractnouns 0 You were the model of perfection The abstract nouns “model” an d “perfection” can be translated using the words “completely” and “perfect.” Alternate translation: “You were completely perfect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 28 12 c7vx figs-abstractnouns 0 full of wisdom and perfect in beauty The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “beauty” can be translated using the adjectives “wise” and “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “fully wise and perfectly beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 28 13 hbr5 0 Every precious stone covered you “You wore every kind of precious stone” +EZK 28 13 hbr5 0 Every precious stone covered you Alternate translation: “You wore every kind of precious stone” EZK 28 13 u7pz translate-unknown 0 ruby, topaz, emerald, chrysolite, onyx, jasper, sapphire, turquoise, and beryl These are all precious stones of different colors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) EZK 28 13 a65a 0 settings and mountings pieces of metal that hold the precious stones EZK 28 13 mah3 figs-activepassive 0 It was on the day you were created that they were prepared This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I prepared them on the day that I created you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 28 13 kac1 0 prepared “made ready” +EZK 28 13 kac1 0 prepared Alternate translation: “made ready” EZK 28 14 a5aq 0 General Information: The word “you” in these verses refers to the king of Tyre. EZK 28 14 r1ky 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. EZK 28 14 ybm7 0 cherub See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md). @@ -1890,15 +1890,15 @@ EZK 28 14 hjx3 figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” This EZK 28 15 fa3g figs-activepassive 0 from the day you were created until injustice was found within you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “since the day that I created you until I found injustice within you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 28 16 j1e3 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. EZK 28 16 gg36 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. -EZK 28 16 man6 0 great trade “large volume of trade” +EZK 28 16 man6 0 great trade Alternate translation: “large volume of trade” EZK 28 16 b582 figs-metaphor 0 you were filled with violence Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people The abstract noun “violence” can be translated using the adjective “violent.” Alternate translation: “you and your people became completely violent” or “you and your peoplewere completely violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 28 16 m9pq 0 guardian cherub “guarding cherub” +EZK 28 16 m9pq 0 guardian cherub Alternate translation: “guarding cherub” EZK 28 16 gp4k figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](../28/14.md). This could mean: (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 28 17 s2ql figs-synecdoche 0 Your heart was arrogant Here the “heart” represents the whole person, emphasizing the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “You were arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 28 17 sy75 0 arrogant falsely believing oneself to be importantbelieving oneself to be important EZK 28 17 mxj7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Your heart was arrogant with your beauty; you ruined your wisdom because of your splendor The abstract nouns “beauty,” wisdom” and “splendor” can be translated using the adjectives “beautiful,” “wise” and “splendid.” Alternate translation: “Your heart was arrogant because you were beautiful; you became unwise because you were so splendid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 28 17 q2gm 0 before kings “in front of kings “ -EZK 28 17 fn67 0 so they may see you “so they may look at you” +EZK 28 17 fn67 0 so they may see you Alternate translation: “so they may look at you” EZK 28 18 nl8j 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. EZK 28 18 ylx7 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. EZK 28 18 abf7 figs-idiom 0 it will consume you “it will devour you.” The fire is spoken of here as if it was eating him up. Alternate translation: “it will burn you up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1906,10 +1906,10 @@ EZK 28 18 iv3f figs-idiom 0 turn you into ashes This idiom means burning up unt EZK 28 19 ud9p 0 shudder shake or tremble with fear EZK 28 19 l469 0 you will be no more forever See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:36](../27/36.md). EZK 28 20 en7r figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 28 21 ak8t 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 28 21 ak8t 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 28 21 b4a7 translate-symaction 0 set your face against Sidon Sidon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “Turn toward Sidon and stare” or “stare toward Sidon so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 28 21 tmx3 0 prophesy against “prophesy about the bad things that will happen to.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/07.md). -EZK 28 22 ab7q 0 Behold! “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” +EZK 28 22 ab7q 0 Behold! Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” EZK 28 22 a4g5 figs-activepassive 0 I will be glorified in your midst This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will reveal my glory among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 28 22 tv4z figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 28 22 pmu4 figs-abstractnouns 0 when I execute justice within you The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -1923,17 +1923,17 @@ EZK 28 24 g3zp figs-metaphor 0 pricking briars and painful thorns for the house EZK 28 24 me5p figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 28 25 m69d figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 28 25 g4tq figs-activepassive 0 among whom they were scattered This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “among whom I scattered them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 28 25 y9f5 0 so the nations may see “in such a way as the nations will see it” +EZK 28 25 y9f5 0 so the nations may see Alternate translation: “in such a way as the nations will see it” EZK 28 25 n75q figs-metonymy 0 my servant Jacob Here “Jacob” represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “the descendants of my servant Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 28 26 m5nf 0 within her “in the land” +EZK 28 26 m5nf 0 within her Alternate translation: “in the land” EZK 28 26 cn86 figs-abstractnouns 0 when I execute justice on all The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 29 intro qm8t 0 # Ezekiel 29 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) EZK 29 1 nk1i translate-ordinal 0 In the tenth year It can be stated clearly that this was the tenth year of Jehoiachin’s exile. Alternate translation: “In the tenth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 29 1 h48u translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the tenth month on the twelfth day of the month “on the twelfth day of the tenth month.” This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 29 1 kjl4 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 29 2 xr1u 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 29 2 xr1u 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 29 2 ere5 translate-symaction 0 set your face against Pharaoh This is a command to stare at Pharaoh as a symbol of punishing him and his people. Pharaoh was far away, so Ezekiel could not see him, but staring in his direction would be a symbol of harming him and his people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “turn toward Pharaoh and stare” or “stare toward Pharaoh so that he and his people will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -EZK 29 2 tbn7 0 prophesy against him and against all of Egypt “tell the terrible things that will happen to him and everyone in Egypt” +EZK 29 2 tbn7 0 prophesy against him and against all of Egypt Alternate translation: “tell the terrible things that will happen to him and everyone in Egypt” EZK 29 3 au6r writing-symlanguage 0 the great sea monster “the huge creature that lives in the water.” Yahweh calls Pharaoh a monster that lives in the water. The monster is probably a crocodile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) EZK 29 4 g7at writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh, speaking of him as though he were a monster in the water and the people of Egypt were fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) EZK 29 4 g15e 0 hooks sharp and bent pieces of metal or wood that people use to catch fish and other animals in the water @@ -1948,7 +1948,7 @@ EZK 29 7 nez2 figs-metaphor 0 When they took hold of you in their hand God spea EZK 29 7 lg5c 0 When they took hold of you The word “they” refers to the Israelites and the word “you” refers to Pharaoh or Pharaoh and Egypt. EZK 29 7 xp6x figs-metaphor 0 you caused their legs to be unsteady Because Egypt did not help the Israelites, the Israelites could not defend themselves against their enemy, the Babylonians. God speaks of the Israelites being unable to defend themselves as if their legs were unsteady. Alternate translation: “you caused them to be like people whose legs are unsteady” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 29 8 h87w 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. -EZK 29 8 k7e5 0 Behold! “Look!” or “Listen!” This word adds emphasis to what is said next. This is the Lord’s message to Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” +EZK 29 8 k7e5 0 Behold! This word adds emphasis to what is said next. This is the Lord’s message to Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” EZK 29 8 s3py figs-metonymy 0 I will bring a sword against you Here “sword” is a metonym for battle, and “bring a sword against you” is a metaphor for causing an enemy army to come fight against Egypt. Alternate translation: “I will cause your enemies to come fight against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 29 8 pv3c figs-you 0 a sword against you The word “you” refers to the nation of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EZK 29 8 uq3i figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off both man and beast from you Here “cut off man and beast” is a metaphor for destroying the people and animals. God would do this by causing the enemy army to do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1982,33 +1982,33 @@ EZK 29 17 ch2l 0 it came about This phrase is used here to mark an important e EZK 29 17 gqc9 translate-ordinal 0 in the twenty-seventh year This was after King Jehoiachin and the people of Judah were taken as exiles to Babylon. Alternate translation: “in the twenty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 29 17 wl2a translate-hebrewmonths 0 on the first of the first month “on the first day of the first month.” This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 29 17 awb7 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 29 18 t2q3 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 29 18 t2q3 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 29 18 l44j figs-explicit 0 to do hard work against Tyre The kind of hard work they did can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “to work hard at attacking Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 29 18 xi8j 0 Every head … every shoulder This refers to the heads and shoulders of the Babylonian soldiers. EZK 29 18 u4f4 0 Every head was rubbed until it was made bald Either their helmets or the heavy things they carried on their heads rubbed the hair off their heads. EZK 29 18 c9ej 0 every shoulder was made raw Either their armor or the heavy things they carried on their shoulders rubbed the skin off their shoulders. Alternate translation: “every shoulder was rubbed raw” or “every shoulder was rubbed bare” EZK 29 18 f8rl figs-metaphor 0 he and his army received no payment from Tyre Here “payment” represents the valuable things that Nebuchadnezzar’s army would steal from Tyre as a reward for defeating it. God speaks of these things as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. Alternate translation: “he and his army did not get any valuable things from Tyre as reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 29 19 e2h7 0 Behold! “Look!” or “Listen!” This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” +EZK 29 19 e2h7 0 Behold! This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” EZK 29 19 kl6x figs-metaphor 0 I am giving the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon Yahweh speaks of causing the army of Babylon to defeat Egypt as if God were giving Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “I will cause the army of Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, to defeat Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 29 19 vlc7 figs-metaphor 0 that will be his army’s wages God speaks of these things that Nebuchadnezzar’s army would take as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. Alternate translation: “his army will receive those things as if they were payment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 29 20 g36f figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 29 21 i2nc figs-metonymy 0 I will make a horn sprout up for the house of Israel An animal horn represents the animal’s strength, so horn is a metonym for strength. God speaks of making Israel strong as if Israel were an animal, and he were to cause its horn to grow. Alternate translation: “I will make the people of Israel strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 29 21 uf1d figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Here it refers to the people of Israel, the descendants of Jacob whom God called Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 29 21 hj6u 0 speak in their midst “speak to them” +EZK 29 21 hj6u 0 speak in their midst Alternate translation: “speak to them” EZK 30 intro pp8x 0 # Ezekiel 30 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. Babylon will destroy all the towns of Egypt and their allies will not be able to help them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) EZK 30 1 q2x2 0 General Information: Ezekiel tells about a message that Yahweh gave him. EZK 30 1 fl7h figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 30 2 v8k8 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 30 2 v8k8 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 30 2 xa56 0 Wail cry out with grief EZK 30 2 z93b figs-exclamations 0 Woe is the coming day This exclamation expresses the fear that people would feel about a certain day when terrible and frightening things will happen. Alternate translation: “Oh that day” or “Oh, what a frightening day is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) -EZK 30 3 g365 0 The day is near “That day is soon” or “It will soon be that day” +EZK 30 3 g365 0 The day is near Alternate translation: “That day is soon” or “It will soon be that day” EZK 30 3 mf3g figs-explicit 0 The day is near for Yahweh It is implied that on that day, Yahweh will punish people. Alternate translation: “It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 30 3 aq8x figs-metaphor 0 a day of clouds Dark storm clouds represent danger and fear. Alternate translation: “It will be like a day with dark clouds” or “It will be frightening like a day with dark clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 30 3 w6vn figs-abstractnouns 0 a time of doom for nations The abstract noun “doom” can be translated with the phrase “terrible things will happen.” Alternate translation: “a time when terrible things will happen to the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 30 4 sx35 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Egypt. EZK 30 4 gs25 figs-metonymy 0 Then a sword will come against Egypt The word “sword” here represents war or an army that attacks. Alternate translation: “There will be war against Egypt” or “An enemy army will attack Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 30 4 d6ih figs-abstractnouns 0 there will be anguish in Cush The abstract noun “anguish” can be expressed in terms of how the people feel. Alternate translation: “the people of Cush will be very sad” or “the people of Cush will suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 30 4 tq5r 0 when they take her wealth “when the attackers take away the wealth of Egypt” +EZK 30 4 tq5r 0 when they take her wealth Alternate translation: “when the attackers take away the wealth of Egypt” EZK 30 4 j6k8 figs-activepassive 0 when her foundations are ruined This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the attackers destroy the foundations of the buildings in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 30 5 kb1v figs-metonymy 0 Cush and Put, Lydia and all Arabia, and Libya These names refer to the people of these countries. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush and Put, Libya, and all Arabia, and Lydia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 30 5 c3n1 translate-names 0 Libya Libya is a country west of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -2016,14 +2016,14 @@ EZK 30 5 aai4 0 Lydia This probably refers to the kingdom of Lydia which was i EZK 30 5 xzs8 figs-metonymy 0 will all fall by the sword Here the sword represents battle. Alternate translation: “will all die in battle” or “will all die in the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 30 5 p9mu figs-hyperbole 0 will all fall by the sword The word “all” here is a generalization. It means that many people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) EZK 30 6 f8np 0 Yahweh says this “This is what Yahweh says.” This sentence introduces what the Lord would say. -EZK 30 6 kq6i 0 So the ones “In this way, the peoples” or “In this manner, the nations” -EZK 30 6 y92j 0 who support Egypt “who help Egypt” -EZK 30 6 lmk4 0 will fall “will die” or “come to ruin” +EZK 30 6 kq6i 0 So the ones Alternate translation: “In this way, the peoples” or “In this manner, the nations” +EZK 30 6 y92j 0 who support Egypt Alternate translation: “who help Egypt” +EZK 30 6 lmk4 0 will fall Alternate translation: “will die” or “come to ruin” EZK 30 6 hiz1 figs-metaphor 0 the pride of her strength will go down This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong” or “Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 30 6 a5nq figs-merism 0 From Migdol to Syene Ezekiel names towns on the borders of Egypt in order to refer to all of Egypt. Alternate translation: “In all of Egypt” or “From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) EZK 30 6 jsk6 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -EZK 30 7 tr5v 0 They will be appalled in the midst of the abandoned lands “The soldiers of the allies of Egypt will be appalled when they are left surrounded by nothing but abandoned lands” -EZK 30 7 gsq4 0 in the midst of “among” or “surrounded by” +EZK 30 7 tr5v 0 They will be appalled in the midst of the abandoned lands Alternate translation: “The soldiers of the allies of Egypt will be appalled when they are left surrounded by nothing but abandoned lands” +EZK 30 7 gsq4 0 in the midst of Alternate translation: “among” or “surrounded by” EZK 30 7 rud4 figs-metaphor 0 their cities will be among all the ruined cities Being “among” the ruined cities represents being ruined like the ruined cities of other countries. Alternate translation: “their cities will be ruined like the cities of other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 30 8 m675 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Egypt. EZK 30 8 m795 0 Then they This could mean: (1) “Then people” or (2) “Then the Egyptians.” @@ -2031,12 +2031,12 @@ EZK 30 8 lss3 figs-explicit 0 they will know that I am Yahweh Yahweh is implyin EZK 30 8 m7q3 figs-metonymy 0 when I set fire in Egypt Here “set fire in Egypt” represents sending an army to attack Egypt and set fires. Alternate translation: “when I send an army to burn Egypt with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 30 8 fe2h figs-activepassive 0 all of her helpers are destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I destroy all of the allies of Egypt” or “when armies destroy all of those who help Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 30 9 tb3u 0 messengers will go out from before me in ships to terrorize a secure Cush Messengers will bring the news of Egypt’s destruction to Cush, who will be frightened by the news. -EZK 30 9 j3s7 0 to terrorize a secure Cush “in order to frighten Cush, who now feels safe from danger” +EZK 30 9 j3s7 0 to terrorize a secure Cush Alternate translation: “in order to frighten Cush, who now feels safe from danger” EZK 30 9 q7r7 figs-abstractnouns 0 there will be anguish among them on the day of Egypt’s doom The abstract noun “anguish” and “doom” can be translated with the words “suffer” and “punish.” Alternate translation: “the people of Cush will also suffer when I punish Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 30 9 s8gg 0 behold! The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “indeed!” EZK 30 9 i4r1 0 It is coming “It” refers to the “great pain” or “great sorrow” that Cush will have when they are punished along with Egypt. EZK 30 10 x5ln 0 The Lord Yahweh says this The word “this” refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). -EZK 30 10 n8sq 0 I will make an end of the multitudes of Egypt “I will make it so that Egypt will no longer have many people.” +EZK 30 10 n8sq 0 I will make an end of the multitudes of Egypt Alternate translation: “I will make it so that Egypt will no longer have many people.” EZK 30 10 m1i8 0 by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar Here “the hand” represents Nebuchadnezzar’s military power. Nebuchadnezzar will be the one who brings this punishment about. EZK 30 11 wyx4 figs-activepassive 0 He and his army with him … will be brought to destroy the land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his army … to destroy the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 30 11 ysz6 figs-activepassive 0 He and his army … will be brought to destroy the land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause him and his army … to go destroy the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2044,16 +2044,16 @@ EZK 30 11 c3dg figs-abstractnouns 0 He and his army with him, the terror of nat EZK 30 11 qe7v figs-metonymy 0 they will draw out their swords against Egypt Here “draw out their swords” represents fighting with their swords. Alternate translation: “they will use their swords and fight against Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 30 11 z8nw figs-hyperbole 0 fill the land with those who have been killed This is an exaggeration to show that the Babylonians will kill very many Egyptians. There will be so many dead Egyptians that it will seem that their dead bodies cover all of the land of Egypt. Alternate translation: “kill so many people that it will seem like dead bodies are everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) EZK 30 12 u41k 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Egypt. -EZK 30 12 cf8a 0 I will make the rivers into dry ground “I will dry up the rivers of Egypt” +EZK 30 12 cf8a 0 I will make the rivers into dry ground Alternate translation: “I will dry up the rivers of Egypt” EZK 30 12 uwr5 figs-metaphor 0 I will sell the land into the hand of wicked men Yahweh will give the Babylonians control over Egypt just as a person who sells something gives the one who buys it control over that thing. Alternate translation: “I will give control of the land to wicked men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 30 12 j9ts 0 its fullness “everything in the land” +EZK 30 12 j9ts 0 its fullness Alternate translation: “everything in the land” EZK 30 13 dy8q 0 The Lord Yahweh says this The word “this” refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). -EZK 30 13 lx21 0 I will bring an end to the worthless idols “I will destroy the worthless idols” +EZK 30 13 lx21 0 I will bring an end to the worthless idols Alternate translation: “I will destroy the worthless idols” EZK 30 13 xdb6 translate-names 0 Memphis Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. It was near modern-day Cairo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZK 30 13 c8ph 0 a prince in the land of Egypt “an important ruler in the land of Egypt” +EZK 30 13 c8ph 0 a prince in the land of Egypt Alternate translation: “an important ruler in the land of Egypt” EZK 30 13 p91i figs-metaphor 0 I will put terror on the land of Egypt Here “put terror on the land” represents causing the people of the land to be very afraid. Alternate translation: “I will make the people of Egypt very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 30 14 fxb3 0 Pathros This was a region in southern Egypt. -EZK 30 14 dp2n 0 set fire in Zoan “I will burn Zoan with fire” +EZK 30 14 dp2n 0 set fire in Zoan Alternate translation: “I will burn Zoan with fire” EZK 30 14 s6js 0 Zoan Zoan was another important city in Egypt. EZK 30 14 ewv2 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will execute acts of judgment on Thebes The phrase “acts of judgment” refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish Thebes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 30 14 pak1 0 Thebes This was the capital city of southern Egypt. @@ -2078,55 +2078,55 @@ EZK 30 18 e5mh figs-metaphor 0 the pride of her strength will be finished This EZK 30 18 ylq1 figs-metaphor 0 There will be a cloud covering her This could mean: (1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel. Alternate translation: “It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt” or (2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. Alternate translation: “A cloud of dust will be over Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 30 18 mw36 0 her daughters This could mean: (1) the people of the Egyptian towns or (2) the daughters of the Egyptian people EZK 30 19 hci1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will execute acts of judgment in Egypt The phrase “acts of judgment” refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish Egypt in many ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 30 19 q3ti 0 so they “so the Egyptians” +EZK 30 19 q3ti 0 so they Alternate translation: “so the Egyptians” EZK 30 20 v536 figs-parables 0 General Information: God speaks of making Pharaoh’s army weak as if he were to break Pharaoh’s arm, and of the army not being able to become strong again as if Pharaoh’s arm could not be healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) EZK 30 20 x8fn writing-newevent 0 Then it came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) EZK 30 20 tl8c 0 in the eleventh year This is the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). EZK 30 20 gy39 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the first month, in the seventh day of the month “in the seventh day of the first month.” This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 30 20 n3p5 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 30 21 qjk8 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 30 21 qjk8 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 30 21 b22i figs-parables 0 I have broken the arm of Pharaoh Here “arm” represents the powerful army of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 30 21 dz36 0 Behold “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important” +EZK 30 21 dz36 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important” EZK 30 21 ts3a figs-activepassive 0 It has not been bound up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one has bound up his arm” or “No one has wrapped up his arm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 30 21 m4v7 0 or set to heal with a bandage Here “set to heal with a bandage” refers to the arm being wrapped tightly in a bandage so that the parts of the bone will stay together and heal. EZK 30 22 gh9r figs-parables 0 General Information: God continues speaking of Pharaoh’s army as if it were a broken arm. He also speaks of strengthening the army of Babylon as if it were the arms of the king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) EZK 30 22 s55y 0 the Lord Yahweh says this See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:11](../03/11.md). -EZK 30 22 ywd2 0 both the strong one and the broken one “both the arm that is healthy and the arm that is already broken” -EZK 30 22 ch9f 0 I will make the sword fall from his hand “I will knock the sword out of Pharaoh’s hand” +EZK 30 22 ywd2 0 both the strong one and the broken one Alternate translation: “both the arm that is healthy and the arm that is already broken” +EZK 30 22 ch9f 0 I will make the sword fall from his hand Alternate translation: “I will knock the sword out of Pharaoh’s hand” EZK 30 23 tf9h figs-parallelism 0 scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -EZK 30 23 bv5e 0 among the lands “among the places in which people live” -EZK 30 24 sg7g 0 I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon “I will make the arms of the king of Babylon strong” -EZK 30 24 cq89 0 He will groan before the king of Babylon “When the king of Babylon comes to attack Egypt, Pharaoh will groan.” +EZK 30 23 bv5e 0 among the lands Alternate translation: “among the places in which people live” +EZK 30 24 sg7g 0 I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon Alternate translation: “I will make the arms of the king of Babylon strong” +EZK 30 24 cq89 0 He will groan before the king of Babylon Alternate translation: “When the king of Babylon comes to attack Egypt, Pharaoh will groan.” EZK 30 24 e6ip 0 groan A groan is a noise that people make when they have a lot of pain or are dying. -EZK 30 24 y8p3 0 with the groans of a dying man “as a man who is dying groans” or “like a man who is dying” +EZK 30 24 y8p3 0 with the groans of a dying man Alternate translation: “as a man who is dying groans” or “like a man who is dying” EZK 30 25 rst2 figs-parables 0 General Information: God continues speaking of the armies of Egypt and Babylon as if the armies were the arms of their kings. He also speaks of making the army of Babylon strong to attack others as if he had a sword and put it in the Babylonian king’s hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) EZK 30 25 rjv6 figs-metonymy 0 For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon Here “arms” are a metonym for the army. Alternate translation: “I will make the army of the king of Babylon strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 30 25 wjm9 figs-metonymy 0 while Pharaoh’s arms will fall Here “Pharaoh’s arms” is a metonym for his army, and “will fall” represents being weak. Alternate translation: “but Pharaoh’s army will be unable to defeat enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 30 25 g2eq 0 Then they Here, the word **they** could refer to: (1) “the Egyptians” or (2) “all people who hear what Yahweh has done.” -EZK 30 25 mku4 0 for he will attack the land of Egypt with it “and the king of Babylon will attack the land of Egypt with my sword” +EZK 30 25 mku4 0 for he will attack the land of Egypt with it Alternate translation: “and the king of Babylon will attack the land of Egypt with my sword” EZK 30 26 mv68 figs-parallelism 0 scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them through the lands These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) EZK 31 intro chn5 0 # Ezekiel 31 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. God told Egypt to remember what happened to Assyria when it became proud. This same things will now happen to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) EZK 31 1 db1f 0 it came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. EZK 31 1 t3pb translate-ordinal 0 in the eleventh year “in year 11.” This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). Alternate translation: “in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 31 1 ghs3 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the third month, on the first day of the month “on the first day of the third month.” This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. This first day is near the beginning of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 31 1 kcs5 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 31 2 b3zm 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 31 2 b3zm 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 31 2 d4m7 figs-rquestion 0 In your greatness, who are you like? “Who is as great as you are?” Yahweh uses this question to introduce a new topic. Pharaoh thought that his nation was the greatest, but God is about to talk about another great nation. Alternate translation: “You think that there is no country whose power is as great as the power of your country.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 31 3 x6wc figs-parables 0 General Information: These are God’s words to Pharaoh about Assyria. God gives his message in the form of a parable about a great cedar tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -EZK 31 3 ga72 0 Behold! “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” +EZK 31 3 ga72 0 Behold! Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” EZK 31 3 a5an figs-parables 0 Assyria was a cedar In this parable, God speaks about Assyria as if it were a great tree to emphasize how great and powerful the Assyrians were. This parable continues until 31:9. Alternate translation: “Assyria was like a cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) -EZK 31 3 dm9d 0 the branches formed its treetop “its top was above the branches of the other trees.” Some versions of the Bible translate this as “the top of the tree was in the clouds.” -EZK 31 4 hgu1 0 Many waters made it tall “Because the cedar had a lot of water, it grew very tall” -EZK 31 4 g9yr 0 the deep waters made it huge “the water deep in the ground made the cedar grow very big” -EZK 31 4 we7t 0 for their channels stretched out to all the trees in the field “and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field” +EZK 31 3 dm9d 0 the branches formed its treetop Some versions of the Bible translate this as “the top of the tree was in the clouds.” Alternate translation: “its top was above the branches of the other trees” +EZK 31 4 hgu1 0 Many waters made it tall Alternate translation: “Because the cedar had a lot of water, it grew very tall” +EZK 31 4 g9yr 0 the deep waters made it huge Alternate translation: “the water deep in the ground made the cedar grow very big” +EZK 31 4 we7t 0 for their channels stretched out to all the trees in the field Alternate translation: “and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field” EZK 31 5 xpc9 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues. -EZK 31 5 i2i5 0 Its great height was more than any of the other trees in the field “The cedar was taller than any of the other trees of the field” -EZK 31 5 a33e 0 its branches became very many “it grew very many branches” -EZK 31 5 vt63 0 because of many waters as they grew “because it had a lot of water” -EZK 31 6 p46h 0 Every bird of the heavens nested in its branches “All kinds of birds that fly in the sky made nests in its branches” -EZK 31 6 xq9w 0 while every living thing of the field gave birth to its young under its foliage “and all of the creatures that live in the field gave birth under the cedar’s branches” +EZK 31 5 i2i5 0 Its great height was more than any of the other trees in the field Alternate translation: “The cedar was taller than any of the other trees of the field” +EZK 31 5 a33e 0 its branches became very many Alternate translation: “it grew very many branches” +EZK 31 5 vt63 0 because of many waters as they grew Alternate translation: “because it had a lot of water” +EZK 31 6 p46h 0 Every bird of the heavens nested in its branches Alternate translation: “All kinds of birds that fly in the sky made nests in its branches” +EZK 31 6 xq9w 0 while every living thing of the field gave birth to its young under its foliage Alternate translation: “and all of the creatures that live in the field gave birth under the cedar’s branches” EZK 31 6 v3e6 figs-metonymy 0 All of the many nations lived under its shade “All of the great nations lived in the shade of that tree.” Here “nations” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people from all the nations lived in the shade of that tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 31 7 at82 0 it was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches “It was beautiful because it was very big and its branches were very long” +EZK 31 7 at82 0 it was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches Alternate translation: “It was beautiful because it was very big and its branches were very long” EZK 31 8 v1ux 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues. EZK 31 8 lcc8 figs-123person 0 Cedars in the garden of God could not equal it Since these were God’s words to Pharaoh, it can also be translated with the first person. Alternate translation: “The cedar trees in my garden were not as great as that tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 31 8 n5ax 0 the garden of God This is another way of referring to “the garden of Eden.” @@ -2134,37 +2134,37 @@ EZK 31 8 hf16 figs-explicit 0 None among the cypress trees matched its branches EZK 31 8 ftl7 0 cypress trees Cypress trees have very many branches. They can grow very tall. See how you translated “cypress” in [Ezekiel 27:5](../27/05.md). EZK 31 8 x9pl figs-explicit 0 the plane tree could not equal its boughs It was implied Yahweh was comparing the long branches of the cedar tree with the long branches of the plane tree. Alternate translation: “the plane tree did not have branches like the cedar tree” or “no plane tree had branches as long as the branches of the cedar tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 31 8 w3nx translate-unknown 0 plane tree A plane tree was a large, leafy tree with strong branches. It is similar to a sycamore tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -EZK 31 8 cj56 0 was like it in its beauty “was as beautiful as the cedar tree” -EZK 31 9 gqy2 0 I made it beautiful with its many branches “I made the cedar beautiful by giving it many long branches” -EZK 31 9 bt1v 0 envied it “were jealous of the cedar tree” +EZK 31 8 cj56 0 was like it in its beauty Alternate translation: “was as beautiful as the cedar tree” +EZK 31 9 gqy2 0 I made it beautiful with its many branches Alternate translation: “I made the cedar beautiful by giving it many long branches” +EZK 31 9 bt1v 0 envied it Alternate translation: “were jealous of the cedar tree” EZK 31 10 ki1u 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues. EZK 31 10 faz5 figs-123person 0 Therefore the Lord Yahweh says this Since Yahweh is speaking this can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “Therefore, this is what I, Yahweh the Lord, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -EZK 31 10 k9ew 0 it set its treetop between its branches “its top was above the branches of the other trees.” Some versions of the Bible translate this as “the top of the tree was in the clouds.” +EZK 31 10 k9ew 0 it set its treetop between its branches Some versions of the Bible translate this as “the top of the tree was in the clouds.” Alternate translation: “its top was above the branches of the other trees” EZK 31 11 px3j figs-metonymy 0 I have given it into the hand of a mighty one of the nations The word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “I put it in the power of the strongest nation” or “I gave the strongest nation power over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 31 11 xdq6 0 I have thrown it out “I sent the cedar away from the cedar’s land because the cedar was wicked” +EZK 31 11 xdq6 0 I have thrown it out Alternate translation: “I sent the cedar away from the cedar’s land because the cedar was wicked” EZK 31 12 cj68 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues. EZK 31 12 m12k figs-abstractnouns 0 who were the terror of all the nations The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as “afraid.” And here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “who made the people of all the nations afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 31 12 cu9y 0 cut it off “cut the cedar down” -EZK 31 12 jjb9 0 its boughs lay broken “the foreigners broke the boughs of the cedar” +EZK 31 12 cu9y 0 cut it off Alternate translation: “cut the cedar down” +EZK 31 12 jjb9 0 its boughs lay broken Alternate translation: “the foreigners broke the boughs of the cedar” EZK 31 12 q3v2 0 boughs Boughs are very large branches that grow on trees. Usually, many smaller branches grow on the boughs. -EZK 31 12 nb2r 0 came out from under its shade “left the shade of the cedar” +EZK 31 12 nb2r 0 came out from under its shade Alternate translation: “left the shade of the cedar” EZK 31 13 y7h4 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues. -EZK 31 13 if23 0 All the birds of the sky “All the birds that fly in the sky” -EZK 31 13 yn66 0 rested on the trunk of the fallen tree “rested on the remains of the cedar” +EZK 31 13 if23 0 All the birds of the sky Alternate translation: “All the birds that fly in the sky” +EZK 31 13 yn66 0 rested on the trunk of the fallen tree Alternate translation: “rested on the remains of the cedar” EZK 31 13 a9ul 0 trunk The trunk is a very thick part of the tree that comes out of the ground and holds up the rest of the tree. -EZK 31 13 uf9q 0 every animal of the field came to its branches “the wild animals lived in the branches of the cedar” -EZK 31 14 gp3y 0 that no other trees that grow by the waters “that no other trees that get a lot of water” -EZK 31 14 m4jh 0 will lift up their foliage to the height of the tallest trees “will grow taller than the branches of other trees.” Some Bibles translate this as “will set their tops among the clouds.” -EZK 31 14 wzz1 0 that no other trees that grow beside the waters will reach up to that height “that no other trees that get a lot of water will ever grow that tall again” +EZK 31 13 uf9q 0 every animal of the field came to its branches Alternate translation: “the wild animals lived in the branches of the cedar” +EZK 31 14 gp3y 0 that no other trees that grow by the waters Alternate translation: “that no other trees that get a lot of water” +EZK 31 14 m4jh 0 will lift up their foliage to the height of the tallest trees Some Bibles translate this as “will set their tops among the clouds.” Alternate translation: “will grow taller than the branches of other trees” +EZK 31 14 wzz1 0 that no other trees that grow beside the waters will reach up to that height Alternate translation: “that no other trees that get a lot of water will ever grow that tall again” EZK 31 14 s7d5 figs-activepassive 0 All of them have been assigned to death, to the earth below This can be stated in active form. And the abstract noun “death” can be stated “die.” Alternate translation: “For I made it so that they all will die and go deep under the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 31 14 atm7 0 among the children of humanity, with those that go down to the pit “to be with those people who have died and gone down to the grave” +EZK 31 14 atm7 0 among the children of humanity, with those that go down to the pit Alternate translation: “to be with those people who have died and gone down to the grave” EZK 31 14 ne1g figs-metonymy 0 the pit This refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 31 15 zty8 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues. Here, Yahweh speaks about the great sadness caused by the tree being cut down as if even the waters, Lebanon, and the wild trees all mourned for the cedar. EZK 31 15 qq6r figs-idiom 0 On the day when the cedar went down to Sheol The phrase “went down to Sheol” means “died.” Alternate translation: “On the day that the cedar died” or “On the day that the cedar was chopped down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 31 15 ry34 figs-abstractnouns 0 I brought mourning to the earth The abstract noun “mourning” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I caused the earth to mourn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 31 15 xaz6 figs-metaphor 0 I covered the deep waters over it The word “covered” possibly refers to putting on clothes for mourning. Alternate translation: “I made the water from the springs mourn for the cedar” or “it was as though the springs that watered it mourned for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 31 15 gx5u 0 I held back the ocean waters “I kept the water in the ocean from watering the earth” -EZK 31 15 j8ug 0 I kept back the great waters “I made it so that there would not be a lot of water anymore” +EZK 31 15 gx5u 0 I held back the ocean waters Alternate translation: “I kept the water in the ocean from watering the earth” +EZK 31 15 j8ug 0 I kept back the great waters Alternate translation: “I made it so that there would not be a lot of water anymore” EZK 31 15 hv86 figs-abstractnouns 0 I brought mourning to Lebanon for him The abstract noun “mourning” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I made Lebanon mourn for the cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 31 16 i54z 0 General Information: Yahweh’s parable about the cedar continues. EZK 31 16 i84r figs-idiom 0 when I threw it down to Sheol with those who went down into the pit Here “threw it down to Sheol” is an idiom that means to kill. “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:14](../31/14.md). Alternate translation: “when I killed the cedar and it went to Sheol with everyone else that is dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -2177,17 +2177,17 @@ EZK 31 17 pk4t figs-activepassive 0 who had been killed by the sword Here “sw EZK 31 17 j8k6 figs-metonymy 0 These were its strong arm “These trees of Lebanon were its strong arm.” The phrase “strong arm” represents “power.” Alternate translation: “These trees of Lebanon were the power of the cedar” or “These trees strengthened the cedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 31 18 uk5x figs-rquestion 0 Which of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness? “Which of these trees in Eden had as much glory as you and was as great as you?” God asks Pharaoh this question to show him that the parable applies to him and his country. It can start with “So Pharaoh” or “So Egypt.” Alternate translation: “None of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 31 18 el53 figs-activepassive 0 For you will be brought down This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For I will bring you down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 31 18 qmp4 0 with the trees of Eden “like the other trees of Eden” -EZK 31 18 yp8v 0 to the lowest parts of the earth “to a place deep in the ground” -EZK 31 18 m128 0 among the uncircumcised “where you will be with people who are not circumcised” +EZK 31 18 qmp4 0 with the trees of Eden Alternate translation: “like the other trees of Eden” +EZK 31 18 yp8v 0 to the lowest parts of the earth Alternate translation: “to a place deep in the ground” +EZK 31 18 m128 0 among the uncircumcised Alternate translation: “where you will be with people who are not circumcised” EZK 31 18 m3da figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 32 intro vpr6 0 # Ezekiel 32 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

The prophecy against Egypt and its king concludes in this chapter. Egypt will have its army destroyed, just as happened to so many other nations. Beginning in verse 1, the land of Egypt is addressed through Pharaoh, its king, so God refers to Egypt as “he” and “him.” However, beginning in verse 12, Egypt is referred to as “she” and “her,” as if she were a woman. It was common in Hebrew for lands and countries to be referred to as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 32 1 r6qy 0 Then it happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. EZK 32 1 esv2 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the twelfth month … on the first of the month This is the twelfth and final month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of February. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 32 1 vh9u translate-ordinal 0 of the twelfth year This refers to the twelfth year of the reign of King Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “of the twelfth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 32 1 alb1 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 32 2 l8pu 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” -EZK 32 2 iu25 0 lift up “sing” +EZK 32 2 l8pu 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 32 2 iu25 0 lift up Alternate translation: “sing” EZK 32 2 w2mp 0 You are like a young lion … like a monster in the seas This could mean: (1) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or (2) he was like a lion and a monster. EZK 32 2 u588 figs-simile 0 like a young lion among the nations Egypt was stronger than other nations, like lions are stronger than other animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 32 2 v3jk figs-simile 0 like a monster in the seas Pharaoh was powerful, but he only caused trouble for others, like this monster in the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -2196,7 +2196,7 @@ EZK 32 3 kkk6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and EZK 32 3 rvm9 0 The Lord Yahweh says this See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). EZK 32 3 e8fe figs-metaphor 0 So I will spread my net over you in the assembly of many peoples God’s punishment of Pharaoh is spoken of as if the king were the river monster caught in a net. Alternate translation: “So I will gather many peoples and throw my net over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 32 4 y8ig 0 I will abandon you in the land “I will leave you helpless on the land.” The monster that was fearsome and powerful when it was in the water cannot do anything when it is left on dry land. -EZK 32 4 hw9d 0 all the birds of the heavens “all the birds that fly in the sky” +EZK 32 4 hw9d 0 all the birds of the heavens Alternate translation: “all the birds that fly in the sky” EZK 32 4 vq12 figs-activepassive 0 the hunger of all living animals on earth will be satisfied by you This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will let all the animals of the earth eat your body until they are hungry no longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 32 5 ui3b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to compare him to a monster that lives in the water. EZK 32 5 a9vx figs-explicit 0 your worm-filled corpse The worms help the dead body to rot. Alternate translation: “your rotting body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -2218,44 +2218,44 @@ EZK 32 12 l2us figs-abstractnouns 0 each warrior a terror of nations The abstra EZK 32 12 lft6 figs-abstractnouns 0 will devastate the pride of Egypt The abstract noun “pride” can be stated as “proud.” Alternate translation: “will cause the Egyptians to no longer be proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 32 12 i7f7 figs-hyperbole 0 destroy all of its multitudes Here “all” is probably a generalization that refers to the killing of large numbers of soldiers, and perhaps other people also. Alternate translation: “kill a very large number of people who live in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) EZK 32 13 h1tx 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. -EZK 32 13 n7m4 0 from beside the plentiful waters “in the places where there is a lot of water” +EZK 32 13 n7m4 0 from beside the plentiful waters Alternate translation: “in the places where there is a lot of water” EZK 32 13 cr7b figs-synecdoche 0 the foot of man will no longer stir the waters up The foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 32 13 lvt6 0 stir the waters make clear water muddy EZK 32 13 d8xw figs-metonymy 0 the hooves of cattle stir them The hoof is a synecdoche for cattle. Alternate translation: “cattle stir them with their hooves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 14 siz7 0 Then I will calm their waters This could mean: (1) “I will make the water calm” or (2) “I will make the water clear.” When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear. EZK 32 15 viv4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. EZK 32 15 p2d8 figs-activepassive 0 When I make the land of Egypt an abandoned place This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “When I make the land of Egypt a place where no one is living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 32 15 x25c 0 when the land is made bare of all its fullness “when the country is made to lose all its wealth” +EZK 32 15 x25c 0 when the land is made bare of all its fullness Alternate translation: “when the country is made to lose all its wealth” EZK 32 15 kg8c figs-metonymy 0 when I attack all the inhabitants in her Here the idea of attacking represents destroying. Alternate translation: “when I destroy all who live in her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 15 j4jw figs-metaphor 0 in her It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: “in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 32 15 jpw4 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 32 16 lj5g figs-metaphor 0 over her It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: “over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 32 16 fw4s 0 the daughters of the nations This could mean: (1) “the women of other nations” or (2) “people of other nations” -EZK 32 16 y6w8 0 over Egypt, over all her multitudes “about Egypt, about all her multitudes” or “about the disaster that happened to Egypt, about the disaster that happened to all her multitudes” +EZK 32 16 y6w8 0 over Egypt, over all her multitudes Alternate translation: “about Egypt, about all her multitudes” or “about the disaster that happened to Egypt, about the disaster that happened to all her multitudes” EZK 32 17 hbi3 0 Then it happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new message. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. EZK 32 17 mmq4 figs-explicit 0 in the twelfth year This could mean: (1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or (2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 32 17 aud7 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 32 18 l4kp 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 32 18 l4kp 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 32 18 uqn6 0 bring them down—her and the daughters of majestic nations God is perhaps telling Ezekiel to cause this to happen by giving a prophetic command. EZK 32 18 x2hj 0 her Once again, the land of Egypt is referred to as a woman. EZK 32 18 dz2p 0 the daughters of majestic nations This could mean: (1) “the people of powerful nations” or (2) “other powerful nations.” EZK 32 18 b9j9 figs-idiom 0 the lowest earth “to the places under the ground.” When people died, they were put in the ground. So “bring them down … to the lowest earth” means “make them die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 32 18 map2 0 with those who have gone down to the pit “with everyone else who has died and gone into the ground” +EZK 32 18 map2 0 with those who have gone down to the pit Alternate translation: “with everyone else who has died and gone into the ground” EZK 32 18 rhr2 figs-metonymy 0 the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:16](../31/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 19 fu9n figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He speaks of the people of Egypt as if they were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 32 19 b7dx figs-explicit 0 Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. This is a question and command that the prophet is to ask the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. Ask them all: ‘Are you really more beautiful than anyone else?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 32 19 a2ia figs-explicit 0 Go down It is implied that they must go down to Sheol. Alternate translation: “Go down to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 32 19 jc5b 0 lie down as in death. If your language has a word for dead people lying down that is different from the word for live people lying down to sleep, use it here. EZK 32 19 t65u figs-rquestion 0 Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? This question really makes a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not more beautiful than anyone else.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -EZK 32 20 uu81 0 They will fall “Egypt and her people will fall” +EZK 32 20 uu81 0 They will fall Alternate translation: “Egypt and her people will fall” EZK 32 20 f6rm figs-activepassive 0 who were killed by the sword The word “sword” is a metonym for a soldier who kills people with a sword.This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “whom enemy soldiers killed with swords” or “who died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 20 lfy2 figs-metonymy 0 The sword has been drawn! The word “sword” here is a metonym for war that people fight with swords. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “War has begun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 32 20 d149 figs-activepassive 0 She has been given to the sword This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “I have given Egypt to the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 32 20 pag6 0 they will seize her and her multitudes “her enemies will seize Egypt and her people” -EZK 32 21 h27l 0 about Egypt and her allies “about the Egyptians and those who join them” +EZK 32 20 pag6 0 they will seize her and her multitudes Alternate translation: “her enemies will seize Egypt and her people” +EZK 32 21 h27l 0 about Egypt and her allies Alternate translation: “about the Egyptians and those who join them” EZK 32 22 gvj6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. Because what God is showing Ezekiel may be for future time, either the present tense or the future tense is suitable for these verses and the following verses. EZK 32 22 sx45 figs-metaphor 0 Assyria is there with all her assembly The land of Assyria is represented as a woman. Alternate translation: “The people of Assyria and all its army are there in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 32 22 db7h 0 her assembly “all her people together” +EZK 32 22 db7h 0 her assembly Alternate translation: “all her people together” EZK 32 22 sb68 figs-metonymy 0 all of them were killed by the sword The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers used swords to kill them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 32 23 g6yx figs-metonymy 0 are set in the recesses of the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:18](../32/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 23 bp7y figs-activepassive 0 all of those who were killed, who fell by the sword This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “all those whom enemies killed in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -2269,14 +2269,14 @@ EZK 32 24 h7ns 0 Her graves surround her See how you translated this in [Ezeki EZK 32 24 p6nh figs-activepassive 0 all of them were killed This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Her enemies killed them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 32 24 p8l5 0 Those who fell by the sword Translate “who fell by the sword” as in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). EZK 32 24 bbe7 figs-metonymy 0 by the sword Here “the sword” is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Alternate translation: “in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 32 24 r7fm 0 who have gone down uncircumcised “who were uncircumcised when they went down” +EZK 32 24 r7fm 0 who have gone down uncircumcised Alternate translation: “who were uncircumcised when they went down” EZK 32 24 ks5k 0 to the lowest parts of the earth “to places deep down in the ground” or “to the land deep down in the ground.” See how you translated “in the lowest realms of the earth” in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/20.md). EZK 32 24 jtw3 figs-abstractnouns 0 who brought their terrors The abstract noun “terrors” can be stated as “afraid.” See how you translated “brought terror” in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). Alternate translation: “those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 32 24 f2v2 figs-metonymy 0 the land of the living This represents the people who were alive. See how you translated “the land of the living” in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 24 fl6f figs-metaphor 0 who carry their own shame Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. Alternate translation: “who feel ashamed” or “who are now disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 32 24 hj7r figs-metonymy 0 the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 25 wxs6 figs-metaphor 0 They set a bedroll for Elam and all her multitudes Space being made in Sheol for the dead is spoken of as if the dead were given beds to lie on. Alternate translation: “They gave beds to Elam and all its people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 32 25 if13 0 in the midst of the slain “with all the other people who were killed” +EZK 32 25 if13 0 in the midst of the slain Alternate translation: “with all the other people who were killed” EZK 32 25 b2qh figs-explicit 0 All of them are uncircumcised The Israelites did not respect people who were not circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 32 25 t44i figs-metonymy 0 pierced by the sword, because The word “pierced” here is a metonym for “killed.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “their enemies have killed them with swords because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 25 wm2f 0 Elam is among all those who were killed This is very similar to the first part of the verse. Alternate translation: “The dead people gave Elam a place to lie among themselves” @@ -2287,57 +2287,57 @@ EZK 32 26 cz8c figs-metonymy 0 killed by the sword Here “the sword” represe EZK 32 26 f99x figs-abstractnouns 0 they had brought their terrors on the land of the living Causing people to fear is spoken of as if it were the act of bringing an object to them. The abstract noun “terrors” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “they terrified everyone in the land of the living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 32 26 d3ir 0 All of them … land of the living See how you translated “All of them … land of the living” in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). EZK 32 27 yw5h figs-metaphor 0 their iniquities over their bones The warriors’ iniquities cover their bodies, although one would expect that their shields would cover them in death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 32 27 ib2c 0 they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living “while they were still alive, they made other warriors very afraid” +EZK 32 27 ib2c 0 they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living Alternate translation: “while they were still alive, they made other warriors very afraid” EZK 32 27 h3q4 figs-metaphor 0 in the land of the living The time during which these warriors were living is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “while they were alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 32 28 py7u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. EZK 32 28 r4lz figs-activepassive 0 you … will be broken “Broken” here represents “destroyed.” This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 32 28 i379 0 in the midst of “in the middle of” +EZK 32 28 i379 0 in the midst of Alternate translation: “in the middle of” EZK 32 28 mq69 figs-metonymy 0 those who were pierced The word “pierced” here is a metonym for “killed.” This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: “those whose enemies have killed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 28 x2sa figs-metonymy 0 by the sword This represents being in warfare. Alternate translation: “in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 29 md54 figs-metonymy 0 Edom is there with her kings and all her leaders Here “Edom” represents all the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom are in Sheol with their kings and all their leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 29 s1gf figs-metonymy 0 the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 32 30 zig8 0 The princes of the north “The princes who ruled nations in the north” -EZK 32 30 ac77 0 are there “are in Sheol” -EZK 32 30 anr3 0 went down “went down to Sheol” +EZK 32 30 zig8 0 The princes of the north Alternate translation: “The princes who ruled nations in the north” +EZK 32 30 ac77 0 are there Alternate translation: “are in Sheol” +EZK 32 30 anr3 0 went down Alternate translation: “went down to Sheol” EZK 32 30 ay1b figs-metonymy 0 had been pierced The word “pierced” here is a metonym for “killed.” This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: “whom enemies had killed with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 30 a25h figs-metonymy 0 by the sword This represents being in warfare. Alternate translation: “in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 30 yq15 figs-metaphor 0 They carry their own shame Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: “who feel ashamed” or “who are now disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 32 30 tss7 0 the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:29](../32/29.md). EZK 32 31 u77n figs-explicit 0 Pharaoh will look It can be made explicit who Pharaoh will see. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh will see all the dead people from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 32 31 gyv1 figs-explicit 0 be comforted about all his multitudes It is implied that Pharaoh will be comforted because the armies of other great kings also died. Alternate translation: “will comfort himself that he was not the only king whose entire army died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 32 32 gpa3 0 I put him as my terrifying one in the land of the living “While Pharaoh was still alive, I made him to terrify people” +EZK 32 32 gpa3 0 I put him as my terrifying one in the land of the living Alternate translation: “While Pharaoh was still alive, I made him to terrify people” EZK 32 32 xw85 figs-activepassive 0 he will be laid down in the midst of the uncircumcised This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Others will lay him in the midst of the uncircumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 33 intro bez7 0 # Ezekiel 33 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Repentance

God does not want sinners to die. He wants them to repent and live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) EZK 33 1 zsm8 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 33 2 ncc7 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 33 2 ncc7 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 33 2 u95d figs-metonymy 0 a sword against any land The word “sword” refers to an enemy army that attacks. Also, “land” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “an army to attack the people of any land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 33 2 lp4x 0 make him a watchman “appoint him as a guard” or “make him guard” +EZK 33 2 lp4x 0 make him a watchman Alternate translation: “appoint him as a guard” or “make him guard” EZK 33 3 j7l1 figs-metonymy 0 He looks for the sword Here “sword” represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: “He looks for an enemy army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 33 4 uy2a 0 do not pay attention “ignore the warning” +EZK 33 4 uy2a 0 do not pay attention Alternate translation: “ignore the warning” EZK 33 4 es87 figs-metonymy 0 each one’s blood is on his own head Here “blood” represents death. The phrase “on his own head” is an idiom that means the person will be held responsible. Alternate translation: “it is their own fault if they die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 33 5 bxg8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. EZK 33 5 j5px 0 his blood is on him Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “on him” is an idiom that means that person is considered responsible. Alternate translation: “it will be his own fault that he dies” -EZK 33 5 y6tp 0 save his own life “will keep himself from dying” +EZK 33 5 y6tp 0 save his own life Alternate translation: “will keep himself from dying” EZK 33 6 whv7 figs-metonymy 0 the sword as it is coming The word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “the enemy army as it is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 33 6 i3vd figs-activepassive 0 with the result that the people are not warned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and he does not warn the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 33 6 n3dx figs-metonymy 0 the sword comes and takes anyone’s life Here “sword” represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: “the enemy army comes and kills anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 33 6 ih9v 0 that person dies in his own sin “that person dies because of his own sin” +EZK 33 6 ih9v 0 that person dies in his own sin Alternate translation: “that person dies because of his own sin” EZK 33 6 bt9e figs-metonymy 0 I will require his blood from the watchman Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “I will require his blood from” is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: “I will consider that person’s death to be the fault of the watchman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 33 7 a6mp 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. EZK 33 7 wy4i figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 33 7 kx9j figs-metonymy 0 you will hear the words from my mouth and warn them on my behalf Here “mouth” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “you will hear the message that I speak and you will warn them on my behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 33 7 k3xm 0 warn them on my behalf “warn them as my representative” or “give them the warning from me” -EZK 33 8 f3uh 0 do not announce this “do not say this” +EZK 33 7 k3xm 0 warn them on my behalf Alternate translation: “warn them as my representative” or “give them the warning from me” +EZK 33 8 f3uh 0 do not announce this Alternate translation: “do not say this” EZK 33 8 uv5c 0 about his way “the way he acts” or “the things he does.” See how you translated “your ways” in [Ezekiel 7:3](../07/03.md). EZK 33 8 xxx9 figs-metonymy 0 I will require his blood from your hand Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “require … from your hand” is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: “I will consider you responsible for his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 33 9 bli4 figs-metaphor 0 he might turn back from it, and if he does not turn back from his way A person no longer behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if he physically turns and goes back on a path. Alternate translation: “he might stop doing bad things, and if he does not stop doing bad things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 33 9 wyw9 0 will have saved your own life “will have kept yourself alive” +EZK 33 9 wyw9 0 will have saved your own life Alternate translation: “will have kept yourself alive” EZK 33 10 x1yc 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. EZK 33 10 s8vg figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 33 10 v348 0 You are saying this “This is what you have said” +EZK 33 10 v348 0 You are saying this Alternate translation: “This is what you have said” EZK 33 10 a75l figs-metaphor 0 Our transgressions and our sins are on us This could mean: (1) “on us” is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or (2) “on us” is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 33 10 m2e4 figs-metaphor 0 we are decaying in them “we are rotting away because of them.” Being destroyed because of sin is spoken of as if the person’s flesh were rotting. Alternate translation: “they are destroying us” or “they are killing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 33 10 w3qz 0 in them “because of them” +EZK 33 10 w3qz 0 in them Alternate translation: “because of them” EZK 33 10 wd7m figs-rquestion 0 How can we live? The people ask this question to emphasize that they have no hope of living. Alternate translation: “We have no hope of living.” or “We will certainly die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 33 11 tlw1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I do not delight in the death of the wicked The abstract noun “death” can be stated as “die.” And the nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “wicked people.” Alternate translation: “It does not make me happy when wicked people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) EZK 33 11 e26x figs-metaphor 0 if the wicked repents from his way Here “way” represents how a person behaves. Alternate translation: “if the wicked person stops doing bad things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -2346,14 +2346,14 @@ EZK 33 12 s5e9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his mess EZK 33 12 lb73 figs-abstractnouns 0 The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins! The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as the adjective “right.” It is implied that they will not be saved from God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 33 12 i4s7 figs-abstractnouns 0 The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish The abstract noun “wickedness” can be stated as the adjective “wicked.” Alternate translation: “A person who does what is wicked will not perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 33 13 j7tp figs-abstractnouns 0 if he trusts in his righteousness The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as the adjective “right.” Alternate translation: “if he depends on the right things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 33 13 ef4y 0 commits injustice “does what is evil” or “does wicked things” +EZK 33 13 ef4y 0 commits injustice Alternate translation: “does what is evil” or “does wicked things” EZK 33 13 g3er figs-idiom 0 I will not call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will not think about” or “I will not recall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 33 13 wz8k figs-abstractnouns 0 for the wickedness he committed The abstract noun “wickedness” can be stated as the adjective “wicked” Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 33 14 c3lg 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. EZK 33 14 b6yl figs-nominaladj 0 to the wicked The nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “the wicked person.” Alternate translation: “to the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -EZK 33 15 xll9 0 if he restores the loan guarantee “if he gives back the loan guarantee” +EZK 33 15 xll9 0 if he restores the loan guarantee Alternate translation: “if he gives back the loan guarantee” EZK 33 15 frw7 0 loan guarantee something a person leaves with another person to show that he will keep his promise to pay back what he has borrowed -EZK 33 15 bs3c 0 makes restitution for what he has stolen “returns what he has stolen” or “pays back the value of what he stole” +EZK 33 15 bs3c 0 makes restitution for what he has stolen Alternate translation: “returns what he has stolen” or “pays back the value of what he stole” EZK 33 15 a8pz figs-metaphor 0 walks in the statutes that give life Acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if it were walking. Alternate translation: “lives according to the laws that give life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 33 16 t7vi figs-idiom 0 will be called to mind for him The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom that means to remember. The phrase “will be called” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will I think about” or “will I recall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 33 17 p3b6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. @@ -2361,9 +2361,9 @@ EZK 33 17 n2pn 0 your people These are the people of Israel. The word “your EZK 33 17 md4q figs-metaphor 0 The way of the Lord … your ways that are not fair Behaviors or actions is spoken of as if they were a way or road on which a person travels. Alternate translation: “What the Lord does … the things you do that are not fair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 33 17 ek62 figs-123person 0 but it is your ways The word “your” refers to the people of Israel. This can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “but it is their ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 33 18 lm5w figs-metaphor 0 turns away from his righteousness No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “stops doing what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 33 18 pvt9 0 die in it “die because of his sins” +EZK 33 18 pvt9 0 die in it Alternate translation: “die because of his sins” EZK 33 19 sj6g figs-metaphor 0 turns away from his wickedness No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “stops doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 33 19 n641 0 because of those things “because he does what is just and righteous” +EZK 33 19 n641 0 because of those things Alternate translation: “because he does what is just and righteous” EZK 33 20 nif9 0 you people These are the people of Israel. EZK 33 20 ml7h figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 33 21 f5bc 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. @@ -2379,7 +2379,7 @@ EZK 33 22 v9lp 0 I was no longer mute “I was no longer forced to be silent EZK 33 23 n93e figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 33 24 y4yn 0 those ruins This could mean: (1) “those ruined buildings” or (2) “those ruined cities” EZK 33 24 db2d figs-metaphor 0 he inherited the land Yahweh giving the land to Abraham is spoken of as if Abraham inherited the land. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave him the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 33 24 h1ev 0 the land “the land of Israel” +EZK 33 24 h1ev 0 the land Alternate translation: “the land of Israel” EZK 33 24 x6je figs-activepassive 0 The land has been given to us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 33 24 g3xl figs-abstractnouns 0 as a possession The abstract noun “possession” can be stated as “possess.” Alternate translation: “so that we can possess it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 33 25 xgm2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel. @@ -2388,22 +2388,22 @@ EZK 33 25 il6d figs-idiom 0 you lift up your eyes towards your idols “you loo EZK 33 25 dn3i figs-metonymy 0 you pour out people’s blood Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To pour out blood is an idiom that means to murder. Alternate translation: “you murder people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 33 25 b6mv figs-rquestion 0 Should you really possess the land? Yahweh used this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You should not possess this land!” or “You do not deserve this land!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 33 26 sg6t figs-metonymy 0 You have depended on your swords Here “swords” represent doing violent things. Alternate translation: “You have committed violent acts with your swords to get what you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 33 26 rzc8 0 done disgusting things “done things that I hate very much” +EZK 33 26 rzc8 0 done disgusting things Alternate translation: “done things that I hate very much” EZK 33 26 f3xi figs-explicit 0 each man defiles his neighbor’s wife It is implied that they defile their neighbor’s wives by sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “each man sleeps with his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 33 27 mk9h 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel. EZK 33 27 iv1s figs-idiom 0 As I live “As surely as I am alive.” Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 33 27 lsf9 figs-idiom 0 the ones in the ruins will fall by the sword The phrase “fall by the sword” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the ones living in the ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 33 27 ixw1 0 those in fortresses and in caves will die of plagues “plagues will kill the people who live in fortresses and caves” +EZK 33 27 ixw1 0 those in fortresses and in caves will die of plagues Alternate translation: “plagues will kill the people who live in fortresses and caves” EZK 33 27 ssd1 0 fortresses A fortress is a building that people build to protect themselves from enemies who attack them. EZK 33 27 b74v 0 caves Caves are natural holes in the side of a mountain or down in the ground. They are usually made of rock. EZK 33 28 pga2 figs-metonymy 0 the pride of its might will end The word “it” refers to the land, which refers to the people of the land. Alternate translation: “the people of the land will not be proud anymore that they are strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 33 28 e7dn figs-activepassive 0 the mountains of Israel will be deserted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will live in the mountains of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 33 28 v97a 0 there will be no one to pass through them “there will be no one left to travel through the land or over the mountains” +EZK 33 28 v97a 0 there will be no one to pass through them Alternate translation: “there will be no one left to travel through the land or over the mountains” EZK 33 29 xsr3 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 33 29 wy3k figs-abstractnouns 0 all the abominations that they have done The abstract noun “abominations” can be stated as “things I hate.” Alternate translation: “all the things they have done that I hate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 33 29 f9jn 0 they have done “the people have done” +EZK 33 29 f9jn 0 they have done Alternate translation: “the people have done” EZK 33 30 gev2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -EZK 33 30 sm9v 0 that comes out from Yahweh “that Yahweh tells him to speak” or “that Yahweh gives him” +EZK 33 30 sm9v 0 that comes out from Yahweh Alternate translation: “that Yahweh tells him to speak” or “that Yahweh gives him” EZK 33 31 pn5s figs-metonymy 0 Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “mouths” represent speaking. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit” or (2) Alternate translation: “They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 33 31 d3vr figs-metonymy 0 their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “hearts” represents desire. Alternate translation: “in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit” or “they desire to get things in ways that are not just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 33 32 e4kq 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people of Israel. @@ -2412,88 +2412,88 @@ EZK 33 32 c4k6 0 a lovely song This could mean: (1) “a beautiful song” or EZK 33 32 ra8c figs-activepassive 0 that is well played on a stringed instrument This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 33 32 b8sk 0 stringed instrument something that has strings and people use to make music EZK 33 33 z7bj 0 behold! The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “indeed!” -EZK 33 33 h6fe 0 that a prophet has been among them “that I really sent you as a prophet to them” +EZK 33 33 h6fe 0 that a prophet has been among them Alternate translation: “that I really sent you as a prophet to them” EZK 34 intro lc2c 0 # Ezekiel 34 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### God protects the people

God is against those who exploit others. He will protect and take care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metaphor

The people of Israel are compared to sheep and God and the son of David as good shepherds. This is a common metaphor in scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 1 uc2g figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In chapter 34, Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel were the shepherds that were supposed to care for the flock but have not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 1 bhs2 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 34 2 ej5p 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 34 2 ej5p 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 34 2 vn6i figs-metaphor 0 the shepherds of Israel The leaders of Israel are spoken as if they were shepherds. They were supposed to take care of their people like shepherds take care of their flock. Alternate translation: “the leaders of Israel who are like shepherds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 2 g6f2 figs-metaphor 0 are shepherding themselves The leaders taking care of themselves instead of the people are spoken of as if they were shepherding themselves. AT “are feeding and taking care of themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 2 ws9p figs-rquestion 0 Should not shepherds guard the flock? Yahweh uses this question to scold the leaders for not taking care of the people. Alternate translation: “Shepherds should feed the flock and take care of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 34 3 q9ux figs-metaphor 0 You eat the fatty portions … dress in wool This continues speaking of the leaders of Israel as if they were bad shepherds that kill the best animals in their flock for food and clothing. Alternate translation: “You are like shepherds who eat the fatty portions … dress in wool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 3 nel9 figs-explicit 0 You eat the fatty portions The fatty portions come from the sheep and the goats. Alternate translation: “You eat the fatty parts of the sheep and goats” or “You eat the best parts of the sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 34 3 xv9g 0 dress in wool “wear the wool from the sheep” -EZK 34 3 a41p 0 the fatlings “the youngest and fattest sheep and goats” -EZK 34 3 w8nr 0 do not shepherd at all “do not feed and take care of the flock” +EZK 34 3 xv9g 0 dress in wool Alternate translation: “wear the wool from the sheep” +EZK 34 3 a41p 0 the fatlings Alternate translation: “the youngest and fattest sheep and goats” +EZK 34 3 w8nr 0 do not shepherd at all Alternate translation: “do not feed and take care of the flock” EZK 34 4 gl47 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 4 f6se 0 have diseases This could mean: (1) “are sick” or (2) “are weak” -EZK 34 4 kdi1 0 You do not bind up the ones who are broken “You do not wrap cloth around the broken bones of those who are wounded” -EZK 34 4 n8dd 0 the ones who are broken “the sheep that have broken bones” or “the sheep that are injured” -EZK 34 4 jjd3 0 you do not restore “you do not bring back” -EZK 34 4 n2a6 0 the outcasts “the sheep that have been chased away” or “those that others have chased away” +EZK 34 4 kdi1 0 You do not bind up the ones who are broken Alternate translation: “You do not wrap cloth around the broken bones of those who are wounded” +EZK 34 4 n8dd 0 the ones who are broken Alternate translation: “the sheep that have broken bones” or “the sheep that are injured” +EZK 34 4 jjd3 0 you do not restore Alternate translation: “you do not bring back” +EZK 34 4 n2a6 0 the outcasts Alternate translation: “the sheep that have been chased away” or “those that others have chased away” EZK 34 4 ic6p figs-ellipsis 0 the lost The words “the sheep or goats” are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. Alternate translation: “the sheep or goats that are lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -EZK 34 4 n448 0 through strength and violence “forcefully and cruelly” +EZK 34 4 n448 0 through strength and violence Alternate translation: “forcefully and cruelly” EZK 34 5 q6lk figs-activepassive 0 Then they were scattered without a shepherd This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then they scattered because they did not have a shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 34 5 t7mq 0 they became food for all the living beasts in the fields “all of the wild animals could attack and eat them” -EZK 34 6 hu66 0 it is dispersed over the entire surface of the earth “my flock is spread out all over the earth” +EZK 34 5 t7mq 0 they became food for all the living beasts in the fields Alternate translation: “all of the wild animals could attack and eat them” +EZK 34 6 hu66 0 it is dispersed over the entire surface of the earth Alternate translation: “my flock is spread out all over the earth” EZK 34 7 br79 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 7 leq1 figs-idiom 0 hear the word of Yahweh This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “listen to Yahweh’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 34 8 twl6 figs-activepassive 0 because my flock has become plunder and food for all the beasts in the fields This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: “because all the beasts in the fields steal my flock and eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 34 8 b8xg 0 plunder things that are stolen EZK 34 8 yc8x figs-hyperbole 0 all the beasts in the fields Here “all” is a generalization that refers to all the wild animals that eat sheep. Alternate translation: “all the wild animals in the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -EZK 34 8 m4fy 0 because there was no shepherd “because they did not have a shepherd” -EZK 34 8 thm4 0 none of my shepherds sought my flock “none of my shepherds tried to find my flock” -EZK 34 8 zmc2 0 guarded themselves “shepherded themselves” or “fed and cared for themselves” -EZK 34 8 cn7m 0 did not shepherd my flock “did not feed and care for my flock” +EZK 34 8 m4fy 0 because there was no shepherd Alternate translation: “because they did not have a shepherd” +EZK 34 8 thm4 0 none of my shepherds sought my flock Alternate translation: “none of my shepherds tried to find my flock” +EZK 34 8 zmc2 0 guarded themselves Alternate translation: “shepherded themselves” or “fed and cared for themselves” +EZK 34 8 cn7m 0 did not shepherd my flock Alternate translation: “did not feed and care for my flock” EZK 34 9 n7p3 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 9 k6pi figs-idiom 0 hear the word of Yahweh “listen to Yahweh’s message.” This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 34 10 tc6r figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 34 10 ygs2 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed!” -EZK 34 10 ejn3 0 I am against the shepherds “I am opposed to the shepherds” +EZK 34 10 ejn3 0 I am against the shepherds Alternate translation: “I am opposed to the shepherds” EZK 34 10 q2jt figs-idiom 0 I will require my flock from their hand The phrase “require … from their hand” is an idiom that means to hold or consider someone responsible for something. Alternate translation: “I will hold them responsible for all the bad things that happen to my flock” or “I will punish them for all the bad things they let happen to my flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 34 10 wm3e 0 I will dismiss them from shepherding the flock “I will not let them shepherd the flock any longer” or “I will not let them be the shepherds of the flock any longer” -EZK 34 10 vs2t 0 shepherd themselves “feed and take care of themselves” +EZK 34 10 wm3e 0 I will dismiss them from shepherding the flock Alternate translation: “I will not let them shepherd the flock any longer” or “I will not let them be the shepherds of the flock any longer” +EZK 34 10 vs2t 0 shepherd themselves Alternate translation: “feed and take care of themselves” EZK 34 10 e7dg figs-metonymy 0 from their mouths Here “mouths” represent eating. Alternate translation: “so they cannot eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 34 10 tzt6 0 my flock will no longer be food for them “the shepherds will no longer eat the sheep and the goats of my flock” +EZK 34 10 tzt6 0 my flock will no longer be food for them Alternate translation: “the shepherds will no longer eat the sheep and the goats of my flock” EZK 34 11 b4w4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as if he were their shepherd and will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 11 hn5p figs-123person 0 For the Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “For this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 34 11 l3df 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts the shepherds to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -EZK 34 11 i1zl 0 will seek out “will look for” -EZK 34 12 gt3a 0 within the midst of his scattered flock “with his scattered flock” +EZK 34 11 i1zl 0 will seek out Alternate translation: “will look for” +EZK 34 12 gt3a 0 within the midst of his scattered flock Alternate translation: “with his scattered flock” EZK 34 12 hyn7 figs-explicit 0 they were scattered It is implied that the animals in the flock scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them or protect them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 34 12 vtv8 figs-metaphor 0 on the day of clouds and darkness “on the cloudy and dark day.” Disasters are spoken of as if they were a day of darkness. Alternate translation: “when terrible disasters happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 34 13 n8pb 0 bring them “bring my sheep and my goats” or “bring my flock” -EZK 34 13 g4u8 0 from among the peoples “from the places where they lived with other peoples” +EZK 34 13 n8pb 0 bring them Alternate translation: “bring my sheep and my goats” or “bring my flock” +EZK 34 13 g4u8 0 from among the peoples Alternate translation: “from the places where they lived with other peoples” EZK 34 13 j5tp figs-metaphor 0 I will put them in pastures … every settlement in the land Yahweh bringing his people back from exile to their land so that he can care for them and keep them safe is spoken of as if he were their shepherd who puts his flock in a place where there is plenty of land, food, and water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 13 hy5g 0 pastures land that has grass and small plants that sheep and goats can eat EZK 34 13 z8xx 0 settlement This is a place where people live. Usually they live in houses in a settlement. EZK 34 14 f5pn figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as their shepherd who will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 34 14 j7q2 0 their grazing places “places where they can eat” -EZK 34 14 i386 0 abundant pastures “lands that have a lot of grass and plants to eat” +EZK 34 14 j7q2 0 their grazing places Alternate translation: “places where they can eat” +EZK 34 14 i386 0 abundant pastures Alternate translation: “lands that have a lot of grass and plants to eat” EZK 34 14 h7ir 0 graze eat grass and other plants EZK 34 15 zzp6 figs-rpronouns 0 I myself The word “myself” adds emphasis. God would do this because the shepherds were not doing it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -EZK 34 15 l72w 0 will shepherd “will feed and take care of” +EZK 34 15 l72w 0 will shepherd Alternate translation: “will feed and take care of” EZK 34 16 u7yj figs-ellipsis 0 the lost The words “the sheep or goats” are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. Alternate translation: “the sheep or goats that are lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -EZK 34 16 xgj4 0 restore the outcast “bring back those that others have chased away” -EZK 34 16 fzy3 0 bind up the broken sheep “wrap a cloth around any sheep’s broken bone” or “wrap a cloth around any sheep’s wound” +EZK 34 16 xgj4 0 restore the outcast Alternate translation: “bring back those that others have chased away” +EZK 34 16 fzy3 0 bind up the broken sheep Alternate translation: “wrap a cloth around any sheep’s broken bone” or “wrap a cloth around any sheep’s wound” EZK 34 16 bi2r figs-ellipsis 0 the fat and the strong The word “sheep” is understood. Alternate translation: “the fat sheep and the strong sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) EZK 34 17 y2f2 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message. Now it is to the people of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 34 17 ql1g 0 behold, I “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important, I” -EZK 34 17 j47n 0 I will be a judge between sheep and sheep “I will judge between one sheep and another” +EZK 34 17 ql1g 0 behold, I Alternate translation: “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important, I” +EZK 34 17 j47n 0 I will be a judge between sheep and sheep Alternate translation: “I will judge between one sheep and another” EZK 34 17 iya2 0 rams and male goats The male sheep and goats are usually the strongest in the flock and can get whatever they want from the other animals in the flock. EZK 34 18 fhe3 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not enough … feet God uses these questions to scold Israel’s leaders, who are spoken of as if they were the stronger animals in the flock that were unkind to the weaker ones. You can translate this as a statement as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 20 zs53 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 20 fe7l figs-123person 0 the Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -EZK 34 20 ugv9 0 to them “to my flock” +EZK 34 20 ugv9 0 to them Alternate translation: “to my flock” EZK 34 20 arq4 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed!” EZK 34 20 aw86 figs-rpronouns 0 I myself The word “myself” emphasizes that it is Yahweh who will judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -EZK 34 20 y9ed 0 will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones “will make sure that the fat sheep and goats and the skinny sheep and goats are treating each other fairly” +EZK 34 20 y9ed 0 will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones Alternate translation: “will make sure that the fat sheep and goats and the skinny sheep and goats are treating each other fairly” EZK 34 20 r517 figs-metaphor 0 the fat sheep and the thin ones The leaders and strong people in Israel are spoken of as if they were fat and strong animals in the flock. The poor and weak people in Israel are spoken of as if they were the thin and weak animals in the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 21 e6ay 0 for you The word “you” refers to the sheep and goats that were not treating other sheep and goats well. -EZK 34 21 w19v 0 with your sides “with the sides of your body” +EZK 34 21 w19v 0 with your sides Alternate translation: “with the sides of your body” EZK 34 21 kd1v 0 have gored This could mean: (1) “have pushed” or “have shoved” (2) “have stabbed” or “have pierced” -EZK 34 21 i1u4 0 scattered them “made them go in many different directions” -EZK 34 21 x7q3 0 away from the land “away from the land of Israel” +EZK 34 21 i1u4 0 scattered them Alternate translation: “made them go in many different directions” +EZK 34 21 x7q3 0 away from the land Alternate translation: “away from the land of Israel” EZK 34 22 w1gy figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 22 e57g figs-activepassive 0 they will no longer be plunder This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to plunder them” or “I will not allow anyone to steal them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 34 22 j76i 0 will no longer be plunder “will no longer be things that are stolen.” The shepherds and wild animals have been stealing the sheep and the goats from Yahweh’s flock. @@ -2501,22 +2501,22 @@ EZK 34 23 imy5 figs-idiom 0 I will set over them one shepherd The phrase “set EZK 34 23 v2q3 figs-metonymy 0 my servant David Here “David” refers to a descendant of David. Alternate translation: “a descendant of my servant David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 34 23 yh5c figs-metaphor 0 He will shepherd them The descendant of David who will be king over the people of Israel is spoken of as if he would be their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 25 st5z figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 34 25 re5l 0 a covenant of peace “a covenant that brings peace” +EZK 34 25 re5l 0 a covenant of peace Alternate translation: “a covenant that brings peace” EZK 34 25 qx55 0 the evil wild animals These are wild animals that could kill the sheep and the goats. EZK 34 26 rf54 0 I will also bring blessings on them and on the places around my hill Some versions of the Bible translate this as “I will also turn them and the places around my hill into a blessing.” EZK 34 26 dt1k figs-explicit 0 my hill This refers to Mount Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 34 26 pxq8 0 I will send out showers “I will cause it to rain” -EZK 34 26 ky1q 0 in due season “at the right time” -EZK 34 26 z13r 0 These will be showers of blessing “This rain will be a blessing” -EZK 34 27 nw1h 0 the earth will yield its produce “the earth will grow food” or “food will grow on the earth” -EZK 34 27 srq2 0 will be secure “will be safe” +EZK 34 26 pxq8 0 I will send out showers Alternate translation: “I will cause it to rain” +EZK 34 26 ky1q 0 in due season Alternate translation: “at the right time” +EZK 34 26 z13r 0 These will be showers of blessing Alternate translation: “This rain will be a blessing” +EZK 34 27 nw1h 0 the earth will yield its produce Alternate translation: “the earth will grow food” or “food will grow on the earth” +EZK 34 27 srq2 0 will be secure Alternate translation: “will be safe” EZK 34 27 gz6y figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 34 27 y578 figs-metaphor 0 when I break the bars of their yoke Slavery is spoken of as if it were a yoke that people wear like some animals. Alternate translation: “when I free them from being slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 27 c8kl figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of those who enslaved them Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the control of those who made them slaves” or “from those who made them slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 34 28 jtr1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. EZK 34 28 fz53 figs-metonymy 0 They will no longer be plunder for the nations Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations will no longer steal from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 34 28 v7ul 0 plunder These are things that are stolen or taken by force. See how you translated “plunder” in [Ezekiel 7:21](../07/21.md). -EZK 34 29 w9v8 0 be victims of famine “be starved” or “be starving because of lack of food” +EZK 34 29 w9v8 0 be victims of famine Alternate translation: “be starved” or “be starving because of lack of food” EZK 34 29 g731 figs-metonymy 0 they will not bear the scorn of the nations Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. The abstract noun “scorn” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “they will no longer hear the people of the nations insult them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 34 30 s92f figs-idiom 0 I, Yahweh their God, am with them Here “I … am with them” is an idiom that means Yahweh helps them. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh their God, am helping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 34 30 j3r4 0 with them. They are my people This can be stated as one sentence. Alternate translation: “with them, and that they are my people” @@ -2524,19 +2524,19 @@ EZK 34 31 r38j figs-metaphor 0 For you are my sheep, the flock of my pasture Th EZK 35 intro nzj1 0 # Ezekiel 35 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Edom

Because the people of Edom rejoiced at the destruction of Israel, they too will be destroyed. EZK 35 1 e4ea 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir, but the message is for all of the people of Edom. EZK 35 1 ir7d figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 35 2 dl8l 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 35 2 dl8l 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 35 2 pzl8 translate-symaction 0 set your face against Mount Seir Mount Seir was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but Yahweh commands him to stare in that direction as a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “turn toward Mount Seir and stare” or “stare toward Mount Seir so that the people there will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 35 2 xr3k figs-personification 0 Mount Seir and prophesy against it “the mountain of Seir.” Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Mount Seir and prophesy against it because of what the people of Edom have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -EZK 35 3 c8g8 0 to it “to the mountain” or “to the people of Edom” +EZK 35 3 c8g8 0 to it Alternate translation: “to the mountain” or “to the people of Edom” EZK 35 3 mle2 figs-personification 0 Behold! I am against you, Mount Seir, and I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a waste Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Listen, Mount Seir, I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a waste because of what your people did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 35 3 dn2p 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Indeed!” -EZK 35 3 sjk1 0 I am against you “I am your enemy” or “I oppose you” +EZK 35 3 sjk1 0 I am against you Alternate translation: “I am your enemy” or “I oppose you” EZK 35 3 a49m figs-metonymy 0 I will strike you with my hand Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 35 3 s7v8 figs-abstractnouns 0 make you a desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 35 4 yv3y 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. EZK 35 4 t23n figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 35 5 ix3r figs-metaphor 0 you poured them out into the hands of the sword This metaphor could mean: (1) “you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords” or (2) “you killed them with swords.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 35 5 mv7g 0 at the time of their distress “at a time of disaster” +EZK 35 5 mv7g 0 at the time of their distress Alternate translation: “at a time of disaster” EZK 35 6 ax82 figs-metonymy 0 I will prepare you for bloodshed Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “I will make it easy for your enemies to kill many of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 35 6 rj8w figs-personification 0 bloodshed will pursue you Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Yahweh speaks of bloodshed as if it were a person who could chase them. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase you down and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 35 6 sr9i figs-metonymy 0 Since you did not hate bloodshed Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “Since you did not hate it when enemies brutally killed the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -2548,7 +2548,7 @@ EZK 35 9 hy7l figs-activepassive 0 Your cities will not be inhabited This can b EZK 35 9 i7gc figs-you 0 but you will know Here “you” is plural. God is speaking to the people of Mount Seir, rather than to a single mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EZK 35 10 h112 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. EZK 35 10 i7s4 figs-personification 0 You have said The word “You” refers to the mountain of Seir. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountain as if it can hear him. The message is for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Your people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -EZK 35 10 zmt2 0 these two lands “the lands of Israel and Judah” +EZK 35 10 zmt2 0 these two lands Alternate translation: “the lands of Israel and Judah” EZK 35 10 cb3b 0 will become mine The word “mine” can be stated in plural form. Alternate translation: “will become ours” EZK 35 10 we2l 0 we The word “we” refers to the people of Edom. EZK 35 10 dw47 figs-explicit 0 even when Yahweh was present with them It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -2566,34 +2566,34 @@ EZK 35 15 et5r 0 I will do the same to you This could mean: (1) I will make yo EZK 35 15 d1la 0 Then they will know The word **they** possibly refers to (1) “the people of the earth” or (2) “the people of Israel and Judah.” EZK 36 intro i2lt 0 # Ezekiel 36 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Israel restored

Israel is promised to be restored by Yahweh. Because of his honor, God will bring Israel back to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])

### New hearts

God will forgive Israel’s sin and give them the desire to obey him. This is expressed by the metonym “heart.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) EZK 36 1 aj63 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountains of Israel, but the message is for all of the people of Israel. -EZK 36 1 zh9m 0 son of man “son of a human being” or “son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” +EZK 36 1 zh9m 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” EZK 36 1 td84 figs-personification 0 prophesy to the mountains of Israel God wants Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people. The message is for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 36 2 k2eq 0 Aha This is an expression of joy. It can be translated as “I am very happy” or “This is great.” EZK 36 2 zb5m 0 The ancient high places “The very old mountains.” This refers to the high mountains of Israel. -EZK 36 2 zf4b 0 have become our possession “now belong to us” +EZK 36 2 zf4b 0 have become our possession Alternate translation: “now belong to us” EZK 36 3 i87p figs-abstractnouns 0 Because of your desolation The abstract noun “desolation” can be stated as “desolate.” Alternate translation: “Because you, mountains of Israel, have become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 36 3 iz4b 0 because of the attacks that came on you from all sides “because you were attacked from every direction” or “because your enemies attacked you from every direction” +EZK 36 3 iz4b 0 because of the attacks that came on you from all sides Alternate translation: “because you were attacked from every direction” or “because your enemies attacked you from every direction” EZK 36 3 x8k1 figs-synecdoche 0 you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people’s stories Here, “lips” and “tongues” represent people speaking. Alternate translation: “people are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 36 4 hxl1 translate-versebridge 0 General Information: This continues the message that Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the mountains of Israel. The message is for all of the people of Israel. It may be helpful to use a verse bridge here, as the UST does, to arrange the text in a more logical order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) -EZK 36 4 ig1c 0 listen to the word of the Lord Yahweh “listen to the message of the Lord Yahweh” +EZK 36 4 ig1c 0 listen to the word of the Lord Yahweh Alternate translation: “listen to the message of the Lord Yahweh” EZK 36 4 bmf4 figs-abstractnouns 0 the uninhabited desolations The abstract noun “desolations” can be stated as “desolate cities.” Alternate translation: “the desolate cities which have no people living in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 36 4 f5ii figs-activepassive 0 the forsaken cities This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the cities that people have left behind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 36 4 d53g 0 that have become plunder “that enemies have stolen from” +EZK 36 4 d53g 0 that have become plunder Alternate translation: “that enemies have stolen from” EZK 36 5 wpy5 figs-metaphor 0 in the fire of my fury This speaks of Yahweh’s fury as if it were a fire. Yahweh loves Israel very much, so he becomes jealous and angry when other nations mock it. Alternate translation: “because of my intense jealousy” or “because of my very strong anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 36 5 s5ej 0 against Edom and all “and against all of Edom” +EZK 36 5 s5ej 0 against Edom and all Alternate translation: “and against all of Edom” EZK 36 5 suz3 figs-metonymy 0 had both joy in their heart and disdain in their spirit, as they seized my land Here “heart” and “spirit” represent a person’s inner being. The ideas of having joy and disdain can be expressed with the verbs “rejoiced” and “despised.” Alternate translation: “who despised the people of Israel and rejoiced while they took my land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 36 6 i6q1 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed!” EZK 36 6 tf39 figs-doublet 0 In my fury and in my anger The words “fury” and “anger” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “Because I am extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -EZK 36 6 ia8c 0 you have borne the insults of nations “other nations have insulted you” or “other nations have mocked you” +EZK 36 6 ia8c 0 you have borne the insults of nations Alternate translation: “other nations have insulted you” or “other nations have mocked you” EZK 36 7 wz6n 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. EZK 36 7 knz2 translate-symaction 0 I myself will lift up my hand to swear Here “lift up my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) EZK 36 7 p342 figs-metaphor 0 that the nations that surround you will certainly carry their own shame The people experiencing shame are spoken of as if they will carry their shame. Alternate translation: “that people will certainly mock the nations that surround you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 36 7 udb7 0 surround you The word “you” refers to the mountains of Israel. EZK 36 8 v318 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. EZK 36 8 d5fx figs-synecdoche 0 you will grow branches and bear fruit Here “you” refers to the mountain of Israel which here represents the trees on the mountain that will grow fruit. Alternate translation: “your trees will grow branches and bear fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -EZK 36 9 ka3m 0 behold, I “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I” +EZK 36 9 ka3m 0 behold, I Alternate translation: “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I” EZK 36 9 e5yn 0 I am for you “I want to do good things to you.” The word “you” refers to the mountains of Israel. -EZK 36 9 qr1h 0 I treat you with favor “I will be kind to you” +EZK 36 9 qr1h 0 I treat you with favor Alternate translation: “I will be kind to you” EZK 36 9 a9fa figs-activepassive 0 you will be plowed and sown with seed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my people, Israel, will plow your ground and sow it with seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 36 10 wu8t 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. EZK 36 10 a95f figs-explicit 0 So I will multiply upon you Yahweh is speaking to the mountains. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “So, mountains of Israel, I will multiply upon you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -2605,17 +2605,17 @@ EZK 36 11 b944 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that peop EZK 36 12 i87i figs-metaphor 0 They will possess you, and you will be their inheritance The people living in the mountains and land of Israel permanently is spoke of as if the people would inherit them. Alternate translation: “They will possess you permanently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 36 12 eb3n figs-explicit 0 you will no longer cause their children to die It is implied that in the past children died because there was not enough food in the land. Now the land would produce enough food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 36 13 ia34 0 General Information: This continues Yahweh’s message to the mountains of Israel. The message is meant for the people of Israel. -EZK 36 13 c4q5 0 they are saying to you “other nations are saying to you mountains” +EZK 36 13 c4q5 0 they are saying to you Alternate translation: “other nations are saying to you mountains” EZK 36 13 vyl3 figs-metaphor 0 You devour men Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were devouring the people. Alternate translation: “You cause many people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 36 13 sn2d 0 bereaving your nation of children “you cause your people’s children to die” +EZK 36 13 sn2d 0 bereaving your nation of children Alternate translation: “you cause your people’s children to die” EZK 36 14 db67 figs-metaphor 0 you will not consume people any longer Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were consuming the people. Alternate translation: “you will no longer cause the people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 36 14 m67b figs-123person 0 This is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 36 15 e66b figs-personification 0 Nor will I allow you to hear the insults of the nations any longer This speaks of the mountains as if they were able to hear when people insult them. Alternate translation: “I will no longer allow the other nations to insult you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 36 15 ki16 figs-personification 0 you will no longer have to bear the shame of the peoples Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the mountains could bear shame. Alternate translation: “the peoples will no longer cause you to feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 36 16 nah7 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 36 17 cn2k 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 36 17 cn2k 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 36 17 i756 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 36 17 y7fu 0 with their ways and their deeds “by the way they lived and the things they did” +EZK 36 17 y7fu 0 with their ways and their deeds Alternate translation: “by the way they lived and the things they did” EZK 36 17 ju92 figs-simile 0 Their ways were like the unclean menstruation of a woman before me This compares how the people behaved to a woman’s unclean menstruation rags. This emphasizes how disgusting their behaviors were to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Their ways were as disgusting to me as the unclean menstruation of a woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 36 17 de9m 0 menstruation of a woman the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb EZK 36 18 fp47 figs-metaphor 0 I poured out my fury against them Yahweh punishing people because he is angry is spoken of as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out. Alternate translation: “I did things to them that showed how angry I was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -2626,27 +2626,27 @@ EZK 36 19 z49i figs-parallelism 0 I scattered them among the nations; they were EZK 36 19 eyv2 figs-activepassive 0 they were dispersed through the lands This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I dispersed them through the lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 36 19 m94f figs-doublet 0 their ways and their deeds Here “ways” and “deeds” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things that they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 36 20 k2jy figs-metonymy 0 they profaned my holy name Here “name” represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: “they mocked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 36 20 z53t 0 when people “because other people said” +EZK 36 20 z53t 0 when people Alternate translation: “because other people said” EZK 36 20 h8wp figs-rquestion 0 Are these really the people of Yahweh? The people use a question to express their surprise at what they saw. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe these are really the people of Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 36 20 j96q figs-activepassive 0 For they have been thrown out of his land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh has forced them out of his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 36 20 n86s 0 his land This refers to the land of Israel. EZK 36 21 yx4c figs-metonymy 0 But I had compassion for my holy name that the house of Israel had defiled among the nations, when they went there Here “name” represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: “When the house of Israel went among the nations, they caused me disgrace, but I wanted people to know that I am holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 36 21 vax8 0 I had compassion for my holy name “I cared about my holy name” +EZK 36 21 vax8 0 I had compassion for my holy name Alternate translation: “I cared about my holy name” EZK 36 21 yc8n figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 36 22 ax3g 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel, and he gives him a message to Israel. EZK 36 22 e8nj figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 36 22 e71m 0 for your sake “because of you” or “in order to help you” +EZK 36 22 e71m 0 for your sake Alternate translation: “because of you” or “in order to help you” EZK 36 22 d6en figs-metonymy 0 but for my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone Here “name” represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: “but so that the people of the nations, who mock me because of you, will know that I am holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 36 22 kw1p 0 you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone “you have caused the people of the nations to mock everywhere you have gone” +EZK 36 22 kw1p 0 you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone Alternate translation: “you have caused the people of the nations to mock everywhere you have gone” EZK 36 24 h35x 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. EZK 36 25 w5ba figs-metaphor 0 I will sprinkle pure water on you so you will be purified from all of your impurities, and I will purify you from all of your idols Yahweh forgiving the people and causing them to no longer sin is spoken of as if he would cleanse them with water. The phrase “you will be purified” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will purify you as if I were sprinkling you with pure water, and I will cause you to stop worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 36 25 vwg9 0 all of your impurities “all the things that made you unclean” +EZK 36 25 vwg9 0 all of your impurities Alternate translation: “all the things that made you unclean” EZK 36 26 sqa4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. EZK 36 26 d81b figs-metaphor 0 I will give you a new heart and a new spirit in your innermost parts, and I will take away the heart of stone from your flesh. For I will give you a heart of flesh Yahweh causing the people to no longer be stubborn but to love and serve Yahweh is spoken of as if he will take away their old heart and give them a new heart and spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 36 26 hzb2 0 a new heart and a new spirit Here “heart” and “spirit” represent a person’s thoughts, attitudes, and emotions. See how you translated “heart” and “spirit” in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). -EZK 36 26 rk5y 0 in your innermost parts “within you” or “inside of you” +EZK 36 26 rk5y 0 in your innermost parts Alternate translation: “within you” or “inside of you” EZK 36 26 al9g figs-metaphor 0 the heart of stone This speaks of people being stubborn as if their hearts were made of stone. See how you translated “stone heart” in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). Alternate translation: “the heart that is as hard as stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 36 26 t2ab 0 your flesh “your body” +EZK 36 26 t2ab 0 your flesh Alternate translation: “your body” EZK 36 26 f9ag figs-metaphor 0 a heart of flesh People being willing to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if their hearts were soft like flesh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). Alternate translation: “a heart that is soft like flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 36 27 u62l figs-metaphor 0 enable you to walk in my statutes A person acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of is if it were a person walking. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/20.md). Alternate translation: “enable you to obey my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 36 29 e1de 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. @@ -2657,17 +2657,17 @@ EZK 36 30 a3wr figs-metaphor 0 you will no longer bear the shame of famine amon EZK 36 32 d98m 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. EZK 36 32 eh72 figs-activepassive 0 let this be known to you “know this” or “you can be sure of this.” Yahweh says this to emphasize that it is not because the people are good that he will restore them. This phrase can be moved to the beginning of the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 36 32 r8xf figs-doublet 0 So be ashamed and disgraced The words “ashamed” and “disgraced” share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of the shame. Alternate translation: “So be very ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -EZK 36 32 j3jd 0 because of your ways “because of what you do” +EZK 36 32 j3jd 0 because of your ways Alternate translation: “because of what you do” EZK 36 32 fy8l figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 36 34 mf46 0 you will plow the ruined land “you will farm the ruined land” +EZK 36 34 mf46 0 you will plow the ruined land Alternate translation: “you will farm the ruined land” EZK 36 34 g51f figs-metonymy 0 before the eyes of all who pass by The eyes represent sight. Alternate translation: “to those who pass by and see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 36 35 yki1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. EZK 36 35 d5pg 0 Then they The word “they” refers to the people who walk through the land of Israel. -EZK 36 35 akk1 0 the uninhabited ruins “the ruins that no one lived in” +EZK 36 35 akk1 0 the uninhabited ruins Alternate translation: “the ruins that no one lived in” EZK 36 35 iu1m figs-activepassive 0 that were torn down This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “that enemies had torn down” or (2) Alternate translation: “that people could not get into” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 36 35 n817 figs-activepassive 0 are now fortified and inhabited This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people have now rebuilt them and have started living there again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 36 36 bq7c 0 that I built up the ruins “and that I built up the cities that enemies had torn down” -EZK 36 36 k9l8 0 replanted the abandoned places “planted crops in the desolate land” +EZK 36 36 bq7c 0 that I built up the ruins Alternate translation: “and that I built up the cities that enemies had torn down” +EZK 36 36 k9l8 0 replanted the abandoned places Alternate translation: “planted crops in the desolate land” EZK 36 37 ei5b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. EZK 36 37 qz48 figs-metonymy 0 I will be asked by the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will ask me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 36 37 l77n figs-metaphor 0 to increase them like a flock of people Yahweh causing the people to multiply greatly and quickly is spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Sheep multiply very quickly. Alternate translation: “to make them multiply like a flock of sheep” or “to make the people multiply quickly like sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -2676,13 +2676,13 @@ EZK 36 38 g2vl figs-metaphor 0 so will the ruined cities be filled with flocks EZK 37 intro y7ac 0 # Ezekiel 37 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Israel restored
God will unite the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah and the Messiah will rule over them. This will come in a prophesied day of restoration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metaphor

The people are discouraged and compare themselves to skeletons, but God will cause them to become a nation again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 37 1 l68y 0 General Information: Ezekiel is speaking. EZK 37 1 pqu1 figs-metonymy 0 The hand of Yahweh was upon me The word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh was controlling me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 37 1 j93q 0 in the midst “in the middle” -EZK 37 2 g6gr 0 round and round “in every direction” +EZK 37 1 j93q 0 in the midst Alternate translation: “in the middle” +EZK 37 2 g6gr 0 round and round Alternate translation: “in every direction” EZK 37 2 u57b 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -EZK 37 3 h9dr 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 37 3 h9dr 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 37 4 q2pi 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel. -EZK 37 4 idv1 0 Listen to the word of Yahweh “Listen to Yahweh’s message” -EZK 37 5 i1nm 0 Behold “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” +EZK 37 4 idv1 0 Listen to the word of Yahweh Alternate translation: “Listen to Yahweh’s message” +EZK 37 5 i1nm 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” EZK 37 5 ns2x 0 to put breath into you The noun “breath” can be stated as the verb “breathe.” Alternate translation: “I will cause you to breathe” EZK 37 5 xr2z 0 breath The Hebrew word translated as “breath” in these verses is translated as “spirit” by a few modern versions. It is also translated as “wind” in [Ezekiel 37:9](../37/09.md). EZK 37 6 z7hm 0 sinews the tissue that connects muscles to bones @@ -2701,7 +2701,7 @@ EZK 37 11 bx5a 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what foll EZK 37 11 exq9 figs-metaphor 0 We have been cut off The people being destroyed and removed from their land is spoken of as if they had been cut off like a person would cut off a branch or piece of cloth. Alternate translation: “Our nation is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 37 12 yi78 figs-metaphor 0 I will open your graves and lift you out from them Yahweh restoring the people and bringing them back to their land is spoken of as if he will bring them back to life again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 37 13 ux9z 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the house of Israel. -EZK 37 14 gn8x 0 to rest in your land “to live peacefully in your own land” +EZK 37 14 gn8x 0 to rest in your land Alternate translation: “to live peacefully in your own land” EZK 37 14 fz8x figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 37 15 ck45 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 37 16 anu2 0 For Judah Here “For” means “representing.” Alternate translation: “Representing Judah” or “Belonging to Judah” @@ -2709,32 +2709,32 @@ EZK 37 16 q4el figs-synecdoche 0 Judah The tribe of Judah lived in the southern EZK 37 16 fbx2 0 the people of Israel, his companions This refers to the Israelites who lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “all the tribes of Judah” or “the tribes of Israel who are part of the kingdom of Judah” EZK 37 16 bsf9 figs-synecdoche 0 For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim Joseph was Ephraim’s father. The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the names are used to represent the whole northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 37 16 c2dw 0 all the people of Israel, their companions This refers to the Israelites who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the tribes of Israel” or “the Israelites who were part of the kingdom of Israel” -EZK 37 17 bud9 0 into one stick “so that they become one stick” +EZK 37 17 bud9 0 into one stick Alternate translation: “so that they become one stick” EZK 37 18 rb8m 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -EZK 37 18 tm25 0 what these things of yours mean “what your sticks mean” or “why you have these sticks” +EZK 37 18 tm25 0 what these things of yours mean Alternate translation: “what your sticks mean” or “why you have these sticks” EZK 37 19 yen5 0 Behold! This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” EZK 37 19 j32z figs-metonymy 0 the branch of Joseph “the stick of Joseph.” This represents the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 37 19 fg3s figs-metonymy 0 that is in the hand of Ephraim The word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “that is in the power of Ephraim” or “that the tribe of Ephraim rules over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 37 19 c3zl 0 the tribes of Israel his companions “the other tribes of Israel who are his companions” or “the other tribes of Israel who are part of that kingdom” +EZK 37 19 c3zl 0 the tribes of Israel his companions Alternate translation: “the other tribes of Israel who are his companions” or “the other tribes of Israel who are part of that kingdom” EZK 37 19 pkm7 figs-metonymy 0 the branch of Judah “the stick of Judah.” This represents the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 37 20 bc67 figs-synecdoche 0 before their eyes Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “while they watched you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 37 21 lrq2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -EZK 37 21 qmj9 0 Behold! “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” +EZK 37 21 qmj9 0 Behold! Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” EZK 37 23 gjq8 0 they will be my people and I will be their God See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/20.md). EZK 37 24 j5u8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. EZK 37 24 n6lq figs-metonymy 0 David my servant Yahweh said “David” to refer to a descendant of David. See how you translated “my servant David” in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/23.md). Alternate translation: “A descendant of my servant David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 37 24 k8cn figs-metaphor 0 one shepherd over them This speaks of a king ruling a people as if he were a shepherd leading sheep. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 37 24 x1wf 0 over them “over the people of Israel” +EZK 37 24 x1wf 0 over them Alternate translation: “over the people of Israel” EZK 37 24 d25p figs-metaphor 0 will walk according to my decrees This speaks of acting or behaving in a certain way as if it were a person walking. Alternate translation: “will live as I have commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 37 25 ccr6 0 had stayed “had lived” +EZK 37 25 ccr6 0 had stayed Alternate translation: “had lived” EZK 37 26 pp6d 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel. -EZK 37 26 iby5 0 I will establish “I will set up” or “I will create” +EZK 37 26 iby5 0 I will establish Alternate translation: “I will set up” or “I will create” EZK 37 26 x8gl 0 a covenant of peace “a covenant that brings peace.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:25](../34/25.md). EZK 37 26 py7v figs-explicit 0 I will establish them It was implied that Yahweh would establish them in the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will set them in the land of Israel” or “I will cause them to live securely in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 37 26 n6dd 0 multiply them “cause their people to increase in number” -EZK 37 26 ad1d 0 my holy place “my holy sanctuary” or “my holy temple” -EZK 37 26 x4w7 0 in their midst “among them” -EZK 37 27 lwv7 0 My dwelling place “The place where I live” +EZK 37 26 n6dd 0 multiply them Alternate translation: “cause their people to increase in number” +EZK 37 26 ad1d 0 my holy place Alternate translation: “my holy sanctuary” or “my holy temple” +EZK 37 26 x4w7 0 in their midst Alternate translation: “among them” +EZK 37 27 lwv7 0 My dwelling place Alternate translation: “The place where I live” EZK 37 27 srg8 0 I will be their God, and they will be my people See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/20.md). EZK 38 intro fn3k 0 # Ezekiel 38 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter begins a section prophesying against Gog. Later Gog will try to conquer Israel. EZK 38 1 y6kr figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -2755,17 +2755,17 @@ EZK 38 5 j8a5 0 with shields and helmets This phrase describes an army that is EZK 38 6 v89p 0 Gomer a nation that lived north of the Black Sea EZK 38 6 t2fm 0 Beth Togarmah See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:14](../27/14.md). EZK 38 7 r33b 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. -EZK 38 7 aiw5 0 your troops assembled with you “all of your troops that you have gathered to yourself” or “all of your army that you have brought together for yourself” +EZK 38 7 aiw5 0 your troops assembled with you Alternate translation: “all of your troops that you have gathered to yourself” or “all of your army that you have brought together for yourself” EZK 38 8 j5c1 figs-activepassive 0 You will be called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will call you to come for war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 38 8 qh5r figs-metonymy 0 recovered from the sword Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “recovered from war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 38 8 ttc8 figs-activepassive 0 that has been gathered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have gathered together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 38 8 ib3x 0 from many peoples “from many nations” -EZK 38 8 ayw9 0 a continuous ruin “destroyed for a long time” +EZK 38 8 ib3x 0 from many peoples Alternate translation: “from many nations” +EZK 38 8 ayw9 0 a continuous ruin Alternate translation: “destroyed for a long time” EZK 38 8 vjl9 figs-activepassive 0 the land’s people will be brought out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bring the Israelites out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 38 9 evz1 figs-simile 0 you will go up as a storm goes This simile means Gog will bring destruction like a large storm does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 38 9 rk79 figs-simile 0 a cloud covering the land This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 38 10 q5ud 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. -EZK 38 10 fbh4 0 on that day that “at that time” +EZK 38 10 fbh4 0 on that day that Alternate translation: “at that time” EZK 38 10 k46y figs-doublet 0 plans will form in your heart … you will devise wicked schemes These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “you will plan to do something very evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 38 10 dyu8 figs-metonymy 0 plans will form in your heart Here “heart” refers to his thinking. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will think of plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 38 11 d5i1 figs-synecdoche 0 I will Gog will not do these things alone. His army will do most of them. Alternate translation: “My army and I will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -2773,25 +2773,25 @@ EZK 38 11 l5sf 0 the open land The following phrases explain that this refers EZK 38 12 jp1c figs-doublet 0 capture booty and steal plunder These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “take away all their valuable possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 38 12 hq4u figs-metonymy 0 bring my hand Here “hand” refers to Gog’s military power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 38 12 ib94 figs-metonymy 0 against the ruins Here “ruins” refers to the people who live in the destroyed cities. Alternate translation: “against the people who live in the ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 38 12 s6jh 0 at the center of the earth “in the middle of the most important countries in the world” +EZK 38 12 s6jh 0 at the center of the earth Alternate translation: “in the middle of the most important countries in the world” EZK 38 13 p34k 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. EZK 38 13 p8xz 0 Sheba See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:22](../27/22.md). EZK 38 13 w24u 0 Dedan See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 25:13](../25/13.md). EZK 38 13 zl51 figs-rquestion 0 Have you come to plunder? Have you assembled your armies … to haul away much plunder? These two questions are used to accuse Gog of attacking Israel without cause. These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “It is not right for you to assemble your army to plunder, to carry off silver and gold, to take their livestock and property, and to haul away much plunder!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 38 13 kc59 figs-doublet 0 to take their livestock and property … to haul away much plunder These phrases have similar meaning and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “to take away their livestock and all their valuable possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 38 14 ij47 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh tells Ezekiel what he is to say to Gog. -EZK 38 14 p7li 0 son of man “son of a human being” or “son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” +EZK 38 14 p7li 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” EZK 38 14 tne1 figs-rquestion 0 On that day … learn about them? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Gog will indeed hear about the people living in Israel. Alternate translation: “On that day, when my people Israel are living securely, you will hear about them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 38 16 rg6b figs-simile 0 like a cloud that covers the land This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 38:9](../38/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 38 16 yc4c 0 In the latter days This refers to the distant future before the world ends. Alternate translation: “In the last days” or “At the end of time” or “In the distant future” EZK 38 16 a64a 0 In the latter days … to be holy before their eyes All the nations will understand that Yahweh is holy when they see what he does to Gog. -EZK 38 16 v8yu 0 might know me “might know who I am” +EZK 38 16 v8yu 0 might know me Alternate translation: “might know who I am” EZK 38 17 kze5 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Ezekiel what he is to say to Gog. EZK 38 17 ax3d figs-rquestion 0 Are you not the one … bring you against them? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he was the one who brought Gog to the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “You are the one … bring you against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -EZK 38 17 q4ic 0 of whom I spoke “that I spoke about” -EZK 38 17 mr69 0 in former days “in the past” or “a long time ago” +EZK 38 17 q4ic 0 of whom I spoke Alternate translation: “that I spoke about” +EZK 38 17 mr69 0 in former days Alternate translation: “in the past” or “a long time ago” EZK 38 17 ul36 figs-metonymy 0 by the hand of my servants Here “hand” refers to the fact that these prophets wrote down Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “by means of my servants” or “through my servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 38 17 xvf1 0 against them “against the people of Israel” +EZK 38 17 xvf1 0 against them Alternate translation: “against the people of Israel” EZK 38 18 rv8e figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 38 18 ae9z figs-metaphor 0 my wrath will mount up in my anger Here “mount up” means “rise up” and expresses that his wrath will increase. The words “wrath” and “anger” mean the same thing and emphasize how intense his anger will be. Alternate translation: “my anger will greatly increase” or “I will be very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 38 19 q581 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. @@ -2801,7 +2801,7 @@ EZK 38 20 dxl2 figs-activepassive 0 The mountains will be thrown down This can EZK 38 21 vbk4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. He speaks of the people of Gog as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 38 21 r65t figs-metonymy 0 I will summon a sword against him The word “sword” here is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Alternate translation: “I will cause soldiers to attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 38 21 j5w2 figs-metonymy 0 each man’s sword will be against his brother Here “sword” is a metonym for the person who uses the sword to fight. Alternate translation: “all of his soldiers will fight each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 38 21 aer8 0 his brother “his fellow soldier” +EZK 38 21 aer8 0 his brother Alternate translation: “his fellow soldier” EZK 38 22 p1s8 figs-metonymy 0 I will judge him by plague and blood Here “blood” is a metonym for injury and death. Alternate translation: “I will judge him by causing him to be sick and by sending soldiers to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 38 22 kw69 0 overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur I will rain down upon him It may be helpful to change the order of this sentence. Alternate translation: “I will rain down overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur upon him” EZK 38 22 hl4u 0 hailstones ice that falls out of the sky @@ -2810,9 +2810,9 @@ EZK 38 23 a9ff figs-metonymy 0 I will make myself known in the eyes of the many EZK 38 23 v92x figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 39 intro m8b8 0 # Ezekiel 39 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter concludes the prophecy against Gog. God will destroy Gog and his army. EZK 39 1 q3ya 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to Gog. -EZK 39 1 f9pu 0 son of man “son of a human being” or “son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” +EZK 39 1 f9pu 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” EZK 39 1 pml6 0 Behold! This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!” -EZK 39 1 bia2 0 I am against you “I am your enemy” +EZK 39 1 bia2 0 I am against you Alternate translation: “I am your enemy” EZK 39 1 z228 figs-explicit 0 chief of Meshech and Tubal Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as “prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal.” This is another title for Gog. See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 38:2](../38/02.md). Alternate translation: “who is the prince of Meshech and Tubal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 39 2 c7g3 figs-metaphor 0 I will turn you and lead you on God speaks of leading Gog as if Gog was an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 39 2 mi4j 0 bring you up God speaks of bringing Gog “up” to Israel because it was located in the mountains. @@ -2838,19 +2838,19 @@ EZK 39 11 r7ks 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh begins to tell Ezekiel what will EZK 39 11 p4ff 0 it will happen on that day that This signals an important event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could use it here. EZK 39 11 rbw1 0 to the east of the sea A few modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as “to the east toward the sea.” EZK 39 11 tt6m 0 It will block This could mean: (1) “The grave will block” or (2) “The dead army will block.” -EZK 39 11 c37r 0 There they “There the house of Israel” -EZK 39 11 atw5 0 They will call it “People will call it” -EZK 39 11 w9b9 0 Valley of Hamon Gog “Valley of the Great Army of Gog” +EZK 39 11 c37r 0 There they Alternate translation: “There the house of Israel” +EZK 39 11 atw5 0 They will call it Alternate translation: “People will call it” +EZK 39 11 w9b9 0 Valley of Hamon Gog Alternate translation: “Valley of the Great Army of Gog” EZK 39 12 jcl3 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. EZK 39 12 re6h translate-numbers 0 seven months “7 months.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) EZK 39 12 k8kx figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 39 12 pj7n figs-explicit 0 will bury them in order to purify the land In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it “unclean.” Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 39 12 dp1j 0 bury them “bury the soldiers of Gog’s army” +EZK 39 12 dp1j 0 bury them Alternate translation: “bury the soldiers of Gog’s army” EZK 39 13 glw5 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 39 14 x6wr 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. -EZK 39 14 nyn1 0 through the land “through the land of Israel” +EZK 39 14 nyn1 0 through the land Alternate translation: “through the land of Israel” EZK 39 14 u5jz 0 those who were traveling through, but who died and their bodies remained on the surface of the land This refers to the dead bodies of Gog’s soldiers whom Yahweh killed as they entered the land. -EZK 39 14 rmp9 0 so that they may bury them “so that the designated men may bury the dead bodies” +EZK 39 14 rmp9 0 so that they may bury them Alternate translation: “so that the designated men may bury the dead bodies” EZK 39 14 gq5f figs-explicit 0 to cleanse the land In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it “unclean.” Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 39 14 tmp9 translate-ordinal 0 seventh month This “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 39 15 ijs9 0 any human bone Bones would be all that remained of the corpses after a period of time. @@ -2858,7 +2858,7 @@ EZK 39 15 h1r4 0 they will put a marker by it, until gravediggers come and bur EZK 39 16 b339 figs-explicit 0 purify the land In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it “unclean.” Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 39 16 ufn6 translate-names 0 Hamonah This name means “Great Army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZK 39 17 vhg1 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what they will do to Gog. -EZK 39 17 v4w4 0 son of man “son of a human being” or “son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” +EZK 39 17 v4w4 0 son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human” EZK 39 17 fx3j 0 to the sacrifice “to the feast” or “to the slaughter.” Yahweh means that he will give the birds and animals a very good meal and not that he is worshiping them. EZK 39 18 fiv2 figs-irony 0 they will be rams, lambs, goats, and bulls Yahweh is speaking with irony. Normally people sacrificed animals to God. Here, God is sacrificing people to animals. Alternate translation: “as if they were male sheep, lambs, goats, and bulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) EZK 39 18 st13 figs-activepassive 0 they were all fattened in Bashan That can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they all became fat while grazing in Bashan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2871,7 +2871,7 @@ EZK 39 21 ksy3 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message about wh EZK 39 21 j63v figs-metaphor 0 I will set my glory among the nations Yahweh speaks of his glory as if he will place it in the middle of the nations where they can see it. Alternate translation: “I will make the nations see my glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 39 21 bf91 figs-doublet 0 my judgment that I perform and my hand that I have set against them Both of these phrases refer to the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon Israel and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the way that I will judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 39 21 ff98 figs-metonymy 0 my hand Here the metonym “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power that he uses to bring punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 39 21 itq4 0 against them “against Gog and his great army” +EZK 39 21 itq4 0 against them Alternate translation: “against Gog and his great army” EZK 39 22 hgr4 figs-metonymy 0 The house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 39 23 shc2 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. EZK 39 23 wt66 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -2883,9 +2883,9 @@ EZK 39 24 b2rs figs-metaphor 0 their uncleanness and their sins This speaks of EZK 39 25 k972 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. EZK 39 25 rb2h 0 will restore the fortunes of Jacob Translate “will restore the fortunes” as in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). However, some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as “will bring Jacob back from captivity.” EZK 39 25 f9gp figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 39 25 q1np 0 act with zeal for my holy name “make sure that they honor me” +EZK 39 25 q1np 0 act with zeal for my holy name Alternate translation: “make sure that they honor me” EZK 39 26 x3gv 0 they will bear their shame and all the treason Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. This could mean: (1) “they will regret their shame and all the treason” or (2) “they will forget their shame and all the treason.” -EZK 39 26 mmr5 0 the treason “the unfaithfulness” +EZK 39 26 mmr5 0 the treason Alternate translation: “the unfaithfulness” EZK 39 27 gzg6 figs-metonymy 0 I will show myself to be holy in the sight of many nations Here “sight” is a metonym for understanding. Alternate translation: “many nations will understand that I am holy because of what I did for the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 39 28 j82j 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. EZK 39 28 k5li 0 I sent them into captivity … I will gather them back to their land At the time when Ezekiel wrote, Israel was still in captivity in Babylon. @@ -2899,117 +2899,117 @@ EZK 40 1 i9cg figs-explicit 0 of our captivity Here “our” refers to Ezekiel EZK 40 1 jqw4 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the beginning of the year on the tenth day of the month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is in April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 40 1 l36p figs-activepassive 0 the city was captured This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians captured the city of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 40 1 y8a6 0 the hand of Yahweh Here “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power to show Ezekiel supernatural visions. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md). -EZK 40 2 y9x4 0 He brought me to rest “He put me down” -EZK 40 3 ws2u 0 he brought me there “Yahweh brought me to the place that had the buildings” +EZK 40 2 y9x4 0 He brought me to rest Alternate translation: “He put me down” +EZK 40 3 ws2u 0 he brought me there Alternate translation: “Yahweh brought me to the place that had the buildings” EZK 40 3 e8u1 0 Behold Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. EZK 40 3 w6wn figs-abstractnouns 0 His appearance was like the appearance of bronze The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 40 3 fuy5 0 linen cord “a rope made of linen.” This is a tool for measuring very long distances. EZK 40 3 am4h 0 linen This is a type of cloth. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). EZK 40 3 h98a 0 measuring stick This is a tool for measuring shorter distances. -EZK 40 4 s9t4 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 40 4 s9t4 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 40 4 et9i figs-idiom 0 fix your mind on This idiom means “pay attention to” or “think about.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 40 4 j47s figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 40 5 xif9 0 surrounding the temple area “entirely around the temple area” +EZK 40 5 xif9 0 surrounding the temple area Alternate translation: “entirely around the temple area” EZK 40 5 p1bk translate-bdistance 0 Each long cubit was a cubit and a handbreadth in length Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. Alternate translation: “These were the long cubits, which were the length of a regular cubit plus a handbreadth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 5 q72n translate-bdistance 0 a handbreadth “the width of a hand.” This was about 8 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 6 u8ev 0 one stick “it was one stick wide.” This was about 3.2 meters. EZK 40 6 ihb5 0 the temple gate that faced east This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. It was not part of the temple building itself. Alternate translation: “the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding the temple” or “the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard” -EZK 40 6 dwa9 0 up its steps “up the steps of the gate” -EZK 40 6 j4tr 0 in depth “from the front edge of the threshold to its back edge” +EZK 40 6 dwa9 0 up its steps Alternate translation: “up the steps of the gate” +EZK 40 6 j4tr 0 in depth Alternate translation: “from the front edge of the threshold to its back edge” EZK 40 7 n81k 0 The guard chambers These were rooms that were built inside of the gate where guards stayed to protect the gate. EZK 40 7 mqb7 translate-bdistance 0 five cubits about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 40 7 n8vq 0 there were five cubits between any two of the chambers “the chambers next to each other were five cubits apart” or “there were five cubits between a chamber and the one next to it” -EZK 40 7 pzy7 0 the chambers “the rooms” +EZK 40 7 n8vq 0 there were five cubits between any two of the chambers Alternate translation: “the chambers next to each other were five cubits apart” or “there were five cubits between a chamber and the one next to it” +EZK 40 7 pzy7 0 the chambers Alternate translation: “the rooms” EZK 40 7 pqx5 0 portico This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). EZK 40 8 f4pi 0 portico This was a covering in front of a doorway or gateway with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). EZK 40 8 e848 0 one stick See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 9 i2wc 0 the portico of the gate facing the temple Here “facing the temple” means that the portico was attached to the gate in the temple courtyard. Alternate translation: “the portico of the gate on the inner side of the wall that surrounded the temple” EZK 40 9 hvn8 translate-bdistance 0 two cubits about one meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 9 cn3t 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). -EZK 40 10 r384 0 had the same measurement “were the same size” +EZK 40 10 r384 0 had the same measurement Alternate translation: “were the same size” EZK 40 11 pxy4 translate-bdistance 0 ten cubits about 5.4 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 11 fpq4 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 11 ji4p 0 thirteen cubits about 7 meters -EZK 40 12 k1vq 0 The chambers measured six cubits “The chambers were 6 cubits long” +EZK 40 12 k1vq 0 The chambers measured six cubits Alternate translation: “The chambers were 6 cubits long” EZK 40 12 r5iv 0 six cubits about 3.2 meters -EZK 40 12 frx5 0 one cubit “54 centimeters” or “about one-half meter” +EZK 40 12 frx5 0 one cubit Alternate translation: “54 centimeters” or “about one-half meter” EZK 40 13 dx2x 0 twenty-five cubits about 13.5 meters -EZK 40 13 f1r4 0 that of the second “the entrance of the second chamber” +EZK 40 13 f1r4 0 that of the second Alternate translation: “the entrance of the second chamber” EZK 40 14 vun1 translate-bdistance 0 sixty cubits about 32 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 14 pp21 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 14 xi48 0 portico This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). EZK 40 15 ahd8 0 fifty cubits about 27 meters EZK 40 16 rk3m 0 closed windows This could mean: (1) “closed windows” or (2) “windows with shutters” or (3) “narrow windows.” -EZK 40 16 tct8 0 likewise for the porches “the porches also had closed windows all around” +EZK 40 16 tct8 0 likewise for the porches Alternate translation: “the porches also had closed windows all around” EZK 40 16 pz45 0 each jamb jambs are the sides of a wooden frame of a door EZK 40 17 hc2u 0 General Information: There were two walls surrounding the temple. The outer wall surrounded the outer courtyard, and within that, the inner wall surrounded the inner courtyard. The inner courtyard was higher than the outer courtyard. Each wall had gates on the east, north, and south sides. -EZK 40 17 xg3a 0 the man brought me to the outer courtyard of the temple “The man brought me from outside the temple area into the outer courtyard of the temple” +EZK 40 17 xg3a 0 the man brought me to the outer courtyard of the temple Alternate translation: “The man brought me from outside the temple area into the outer courtyard of the temple” EZK 40 17 xg73 0 outer courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md). EZK 40 17 jh6k 0 Behold The word “Behold” here indicates that Ezekiel saw something interesting. EZK 40 17 x179 0 pavement a flat floor that is made out of rocks EZK 40 17 tph1 translate-numbers 0 with thirty rooms next to the pavement “and there were 30 rooms all around the pavement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -EZK 40 18 ywz8 0 went up to “went all the way to” +EZK 40 18 ywz8 0 went up to Alternate translation: “went all the way to” EZK 40 19 mlw7 0 the front of the lower gate to the front of the inner gate The lower gate was on the wall of the outer courtyard, and the inner gate was on the wall of the inner courtyard. Alternate translation: “the front of the outer gate to the front of the inner gate” EZK 40 19 b323 translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 19 c2lt 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). -EZK 40 19 dsn2 0 the same on the north side “it was the same on the north side” or “on the north side, the distance from the outer gate to the inner gate was also one hundred cubits” +EZK 40 19 dsn2 0 the same on the north side Alternate translation: “it was the same on the north side” or “on the north side, the distance from the outer gate to the inner gate was also one hundred cubits” EZK 40 21 gsz4 0 chambers See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](../40/07.md). EZK 40 21 rj4k 0 portico See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -EZK 40 21 m2qv 0 measured the same “had the same measurement” +EZK 40 21 m2qv 0 measured the same Alternate translation: “had the same measurement” EZK 40 21 bv9m translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits about 27 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 21 at8s 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 21 m89e 0 twenty-five cubits about 13.5 meters EZK 40 22 z58s 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to describe the vision of the temple and of the man who looked like bronze. EZK 40 22 l4p5 0 Its windows The word “Its” refers to the gate that was on the north side of the outer courtyard. Alternate translation: “The northern gate’s windows” EZK 40 22 pvp1 0 chambers See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](../40/07.md). -EZK 40 22 lh6i 0 corresponded to the gate that faced east “were like those of the eastern gate” or “were like those of the eastern gate of the outer courtyard” +EZK 40 22 lh6i 0 corresponded to the gate that faced east Alternate translation: “were like those of the eastern gate” or “were like those of the eastern gate of the outer courtyard” EZK 40 23 jv26 0 inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -EZK 40 23 nnq1 0 in front of the gate facing north “directly across from the northern gate” or “across the outer courtyard from the northern gate” -EZK 40 23 iqj4 0 the gate facing north “the gate on the northern side of the outer courtyard” -EZK 40 23 abw3 0 just as also there was a gate to the east “just as there was a eastern gate to the inner courtyard” or “just as there was a gate to the inner courtyard in front of the eastern gate” +EZK 40 23 nnq1 0 in front of the gate facing north Alternate translation: “directly across from the northern gate” or “across the outer courtyard from the northern gate” +EZK 40 23 iqj4 0 the gate facing north Alternate translation: “the gate on the northern side of the outer courtyard” +EZK 40 23 abw3 0 just as also there was a gate to the east Alternate translation: “just as there was a eastern gate to the inner courtyard” or “just as there was a gate to the inner courtyard in front of the eastern gate” EZK 40 23 xs9g 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 23 qrf2 0 one hundred cubits about 54 meters -EZK 40 24 slh4 0 measured the same as the other outer gates “had the same measurements as the northern and eastern gates” +EZK 40 24 slh4 0 measured the same as the other outer gates Alternate translation: “had the same measurements as the northern and eastern gates” EZK 40 25 m11s 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 25 jc4u translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 25 lhx4 0 twenty-five cubits about 13.5 meters EZK 40 26 ss1y 0 portico See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md) -EZK 40 26 dp2c 0 on either side “on both sides” +EZK 40 26 dp2c 0 on either side Alternate translation: “on both sides” EZK 40 27 nm2m 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 27 j6lw translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 28 vks3 0 inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -EZK 40 28 myz2 0 by way of its southern gate “through its southern gate” +EZK 40 28 myz2 0 by way of its southern gate Alternate translation: “through its southern gate” EZK 40 29 l9e2 0 chambers See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](../40/07.md). EZK 40 29 z7nv 0 porticos See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -EZK 40 29 w5nj 0 measured the same “had the same measurements” +EZK 40 29 w5nj 0 measured the same Alternate translation: “had the same measurements” EZK 40 29 d9ta 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 29 g2ke translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 29 ym2a 0 twenty-five cubits about 13.5 meters EZK 40 29 g6h8 0 five cubits about 2.7 meters -EZK 40 31 q7ae 0 This portico faced the outer courtyard “The portico’s entrance was towards the outer courtyard” -EZK 40 31 d1vr 0 with carved palm trees “and it had carvings of palm trees” -EZK 40 32 ugx1 0 to the inner courtyard by the eastern way “to the east side of the inner courtyard” +EZK 40 31 q7ae 0 This portico faced the outer courtyard Alternate translation: “The portico’s entrance was towards the outer courtyard” +EZK 40 31 d1vr 0 with carved palm trees Alternate translation: “and it had carvings of palm trees” +EZK 40 32 ugx1 0 to the inner courtyard by the eastern way Alternate translation: “to the east side of the inner courtyard” EZK 40 33 ex3w 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 33 ev22 translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 33 f5db 0 twenty-five cubits about 13.5 meters EZK 40 34 spw5 0 Its portico faced the outer courtyard The entrance of its portico was towards the outer courtyard -EZK 40 35 cy5v 0 measured the same “had the same measurements” +EZK 40 35 cy5v 0 measured the same Alternate translation: “had the same measurements” EZK 40 36 b3il 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 36 k7yf translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 36 b8ut 0 twenty-five cubits about 13.5 meters -EZK 40 37 rrg7 0 Its portico faced the outer courtyard “The entrance of its portico was toward the outer courtyard” -EZK 40 37 j3yy 0 on either side of it “on both sides of it” -EZK 40 38 g6y4 0 by each of the inner gateways “in each of the inner gates” +EZK 40 37 rrg7 0 Its portico faced the outer courtyard Alternate translation: “The entrance of its portico was toward the outer courtyard” +EZK 40 37 j3yy 0 on either side of it Alternate translation: “on both sides of it” +EZK 40 38 g6y4 0 by each of the inner gateways Alternate translation: “in each of the inner gates” EZK 40 38 wb45 0 they rinsed the burnt offerings Here, the word **they** could mean: (1) the people who were bringing offerings or (2) the priests who killed the animals. EZK 40 38 sg2q 0 the burnt offerings the animals that would be killed and burned as offerings EZK 40 39 jkg2 0 There were two tables on each side of each portico there were four tables—two on each side of each portico EZK 40 39 k2nh figs-activepassive 0 the burnt offering was slaughtered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they killed the burnt offering” or “they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 40 42 p8pq figs-explicit 0 There were four tables of cut stone These were apparently different tables than the eight tables on which the sacrifices were killed. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “There were also four tables of cut stone” or “There were four other tables made of cut stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 40 42 n6ba 0 of cut stone “that were made out of stone that had been cut” +EZK 40 42 n6ba 0 of cut stone Alternate translation: “that were made out of stone that had been cut” EZK 40 42 a1l3 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 42 u93z translate-bdistance 0 one and a half cubits about 0.8 meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 42 cq6v 0 one cubit about one-half meter -EZK 40 43 a4as 0 Two-pronged hooks a handbreadth in length were fastened in the portico all around “All around the portico, people had attached hooks that were a handbreadth long and had two prongs each” +EZK 40 43 a4as 0 Two-pronged hooks a handbreadth in length were fastened in the portico all around Alternate translation: “All around the portico, people had attached hooks that were a handbreadth long and had two prongs each” EZK 40 43 n242 0 Two-pronged hooks something that has two long curved points, which people can hang things on EZK 40 43 cjr1 translate-bdistance 0 a handbreadth in length about 8 centimeters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 40 43 kg7r figs-activepassive 0 the flesh of the offerings would be put on the tables This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they would put the flesh of the offerings on the tables” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -3017,15 +3017,15 @@ EZK 40 44 udm5 0 the inner gate This is the inner gate on the north. EZK 40 44 sw8j 0 singers’ chambers “rooms for singers.” However, some ancient and modern versions read only “chambers” without the reference to singers. EZK 40 44 j5e2 figs-ellipsis 0 one on the north side facing south, and the other on the south side facing north The word “chamber” or “room” is understood from the previous phrase. The phrase “facing south” means that its door is on its south side, and “facing north” means that its door is on its north side. Alternate translation: “one room on the north side facing south, and the other room on the south side facing north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) EZK 40 45 udd6 0 This room facing south This refers to the chamber on the north side of the inner courtyard. Alternate translation: “This room whose door is on its south side” or “This room on the north side of the inner courtyard” -EZK 40 45 v1a4 0 who are on duty in the temple “who are working in the temple” or “who are responsible for guarding the temple” +EZK 40 45 v1a4 0 who are on duty in the temple Alternate translation: “who are working in the temple” or “who are responsible for guarding the temple” EZK 40 46 wmt7 0 General Information: The man continues speaking to Ezekiel in the vision. EZK 40 46 dz6w 0 The room facing north This refers to the room on the south side of the inner courtyard. The door of the room was on the north side of the room. Alternate translation: “This room whose door is on its north side” or “This room on the south side of the inner courtyard” -EZK 40 46 sk26 0 the priests on duty at the altar “the priests who were offering sacrifices on the altar” -EZK 40 46 x24w 0 come near to Yahweh to serve him “approach Yahweh in his temple in order to serve him” -EZK 40 47 j222 0 he measured “the man measured” +EZK 40 46 sk26 0 the priests on duty at the altar Alternate translation: “the priests who were offering sacrifices on the altar” +EZK 40 46 x24w 0 come near to Yahweh to serve him Alternate translation: “approach Yahweh in his temple in order to serve him” +EZK 40 47 j222 0 he measured Alternate translation: “the man measured” EZK 40 47 dc8h 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 47 tc9q translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 40 47 h7bq 0 with the altar “and the altar was” +EZK 40 47 h7bq 0 with the altar Alternate translation: “and the altar was” EZK 40 47 q1xd 0 the house This refers to the temple. EZK 40 48 fv21 0 portico See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). EZK 40 48 yt57 0 the house this refers to the temple @@ -3044,7 +3044,7 @@ EZK 41 1 f5xb translate-bdistance 0 six cubits about 3.2 meters. (See: [[rc://e EZK 41 1 e7wk translate-bdistance 0 cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 2 xq2i translate-bdistance 0 ten cubits about 5.4 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 2 n3vw translate-bdistance 0 five cubits about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 41 2 hd7n 0 the dimensions “the size” +EZK 41 2 hd7n 0 the dimensions Alternate translation: “the size” EZK 41 2 shy4 translate-bdistance 0 forty cubits about 22 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 2 m6xp translate-bdistance 0 twenty cubits about 11 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 3 ay36 translate-bdistance 0 two cubits about 1.1 meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) @@ -3056,9 +3056,9 @@ EZK 41 5 dv9u 0 the house the temple EZK 41 5 mj6n translate-bdistance 0 six cubits about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 5 j1kj translate-bdistance 0 cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 5 icf3 0 four cubits about 2 meters -EZK 41 6 m9sv 0 three levels “three stories” +EZK 41 6 m9sv 0 three levels Alternate translation: “three stories” EZK 41 6 p4m5 0 There were ledges around the wall of the house “The house had ledges all around for the side rooms all around.” This way the side rooms could rest on the ledge of the wall. -EZK 41 6 sy7s 0 to support “so that the ledges could support” +EZK 41 6 sy7s 0 to support Alternate translation: “so that the ledges could support” EZK 41 6 u4ci 0 for there was no support put in the wall of the house “for there were no supports in the wall of the house.” The people who built the temple did not want stones or wood that would support the side rooms to be sticking out from the wall of the sanctuary. EZK 41 8 hk9y 0 a raised part a platform EZK 41 8 pt8f 0 chambers small rooms @@ -3066,78 +3066,78 @@ EZK 41 8 xyb9 0 a full stick Translate “stick” as in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/ EZK 41 8 w315 translate-bdistance 0 cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 8 jcs8 translate-bdistance 0 six cubits about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 9 wf7d translate-bdistance 0 five cubits about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 41 10 dgr5 0 the priests’ outer side rooms “the side rooms of the priests that were further out from the sanctuary” +EZK 41 10 dgr5 0 the priests’ outer side rooms Alternate translation: “the side rooms of the priests that were further out from the sanctuary” EZK 41 10 r4bf translate-bdistance 0 twenty cubits about 11 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 10 s7ml translate-bdistance 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 11 k3ql translate-bdistance 0 five cubits about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 41 11 hej8 0 The width of this open area was five cubits all around “The entire space between the chambers and the temple was five cubits wide, all around the temple” +EZK 41 11 hej8 0 The width of this open area was five cubits all around Alternate translation: “The entire space between the chambers and the temple was five cubits wide, all around the temple” EZK 41 12 y1mz 0 The building that faced the courtyard on the west side was seventy cubits in width This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “There was a building on the west side of the temple area, and its entrance was towards the courtyard. It was seventy cubits in width” EZK 41 12 h18c translate-bdistance 0 seventy cubits … five cubits … ninety cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “70 cubits…5 cubits…90 cubits” or “about 38 meters … about 2.7 meters … about 49 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 13 lhy2 translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “100 cubits” or “about 54 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 15 bak3 0 the galleries “the balconies.” The balconies were places that were built higher up than the rest of the building. People could go into balconies and look down on the main floor of the building. EZK 41 15 w8jr translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “100 cubits” or “about 54 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 41 15 a9rg 0 the portico See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -EZK 41 18 g9t5 0 was decorated “was made beautiful” +EZK 41 18 g9t5 0 was decorated Alternate translation: “was made beautiful” EZK 41 18 ne31 0 cherubim See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). EZK 41 18 m9dj 0 cherub This is the singular form of “cherubim.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md). -EZK 41 20 cf7z 0 the house “the temple” +EZK 41 20 cf7z 0 the house Alternate translation: “the temple” EZK 41 22 fh5t figs-abstractnouns 0 the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words “Their appearance was like the appearance of” in verse 21. This sentence could mean: (1) as it is translated in the ULT or (2) “The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was.” The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 41 22 lqs8 translate-bdistance 0 three cubits … two cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 1.6 meters … about 1.1 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 41 23 wx5m 0 There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place “The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors” +EZK 41 23 wx5m 0 There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place Alternate translation: “The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors” EZK 41 24 p6xg 0 These doors had two hinged door panels each “Each door had two parts that were on hinges.” Hinges connect doors to the wall and allow the doors to swing. -EZK 41 24 eq5j 0 two panels for one door and two panels for the other “both of the doors for both the holy place and the most holy place had two parts” -EZK 41 25 ik75 0 just as the walls were decorated “just as the walls also had carvings of cherubim and palm trees” +EZK 41 24 eq5j 0 two panels for one door and two panels for the other Alternate translation: “both of the doors for both the holy place and the most holy place had two parts” +EZK 41 25 ik75 0 just as the walls were decorated Alternate translation: “just as the walls also had carvings of cherubim and palm trees” EZK 41 25 fd1y 0 portico covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). EZK 42 intro u94p 0 # Ezekiel 42 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focused on the storerooms for keeping the holy things of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) EZK 42 1 i2dg 0 the outer courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md). EZK 42 2 b17d translate-bdistance 0 one hundred cubits … fifty cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “100 cubits…50 cubits” or “about 54 meters … about 27 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 42 3 xw1y translate-bdistance 0 twenty cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “20 cubits” or “about 11 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 42 3 hd41 0 Some of those rooms faced the inner courtyard “Some of those rooms were toward the inner courtyard” or “The entrance of some of those rooms was toward the inner courtyard” +EZK 42 3 hd41 0 Some of those rooms faced the inner courtyard Alternate translation: “Some of those rooms were toward the inner courtyard” or “The entrance of some of those rooms was toward the inner courtyard” EZK 42 3 r38c 0 inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -EZK 42 3 yg73 0 were open to them “looked out onto the inner courtyard” -EZK 42 3 jwp5 0 having a walkway “because there was a place where one could walk along the rooms” -EZK 42 3 im4u 0 Some of the rooms looked out onto the outer courtyard “Some of the rooms were toward the outer courtyard” or “The entrance of some of the rooms was toward the outer courtyard” +EZK 42 3 yg73 0 were open to them Alternate translation: “looked out onto the inner courtyard” +EZK 42 3 jwp5 0 having a walkway Alternate translation: “because there was a place where one could walk along the rooms” +EZK 42 3 im4u 0 Some of the rooms looked out onto the outer courtyard Alternate translation: “Some of the rooms were toward the outer courtyard” or “The entrance of some of the rooms was toward the outer courtyard” EZK 42 4 k5dr translate-bdistance 0 ten cubits … one hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “10 cubits…100 cubits” or “about 5.4 meters … about 54 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 42 6 ll69 0 smaller in size compared to the rooms “smaller than the rooms” +EZK 42 6 ll69 0 smaller in size compared to the rooms Alternate translation: “smaller than the rooms” EZK 42 7 p1zj translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “50 cubits” or “about 27 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 42 8 fs43 translate-bdistance 0 fifty cubits … one hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “50 cubits…100 cubits” or “about 27 meters … about 54 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 42 11 enm6 figs-abstractnouns 0 They were as the appearance of the rooms on the northern side The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 42 12 cb5b 0 at its head “at its beginning” +EZK 42 12 cb5b 0 at its head Alternate translation: “at its beginning” EZK 42 13 w6k1 0 the food offering the grain or flour that the people offered to show that they were thankful to God -EZK 42 15 evf6 0 to the gate that faced the east “out to the east gate” or “out through the east gate” +EZK 42 15 evf6 0 to the gate that faced the east Alternate translation: “out to the east gate” or “out through the east gate” EZK 42 16 x1xq 0 He measured The word “he” refers to the man who looked like bronze ([Ezekiel 40:3](../40/03.md)). EZK 42 16 wda6 0 measuring stick See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 42 16 e5i4 translate-bdistance 0 five hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “500 cubits” or “about 270 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 42 20 b3mm 0 It had a wall around it “The house had a wall all around it” +EZK 42 20 b3mm 0 It had a wall around it Alternate translation: “The house had a wall all around it” EZK 42 20 kh7v translate-bdistance 0 five hundred cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “500 cubits” or “about 270 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 42 20 cqu5 0 common not holy EZK 43 intro n8nq 0 # Ezekiel 43 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. God entered the temple. He told the people not to defile the temple by being idol worshipers or by having the funerals of their kings in the temple courtyard. He also told them what offerings to make each day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) EZK 43 2 qi98 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. EZK 43 2 e4w7 0 many waters This simply means “a lot of water.” It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:24](../01/24.md). -EZK 43 2 m5fd 0 the earth shone with his glory “the earth was full of bright light from his glory” -EZK 43 3 k5tf 0 It was “The glory of God coming from the east was” +EZK 43 2 m5fd 0 the earth shone with his glory Alternate translation: “the earth was full of bright light from his glory” +EZK 43 3 k5tf 0 It was Alternate translation: “The glory of God coming from the east was” EZK 43 3 bi4l 0 It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city This could mean: (1) the second phrase beginning with “according to” explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with “according to.” Alternate translation: “It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” or (2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of God’s glory. Alternate translation: “The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” EZK 43 3 s248 figs-abstractnouns 0 according to the appearance of the vision The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “just like what appeared in the vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EZK 43 3 f83h 0 according to the vision “like the vision” +EZK 43 3 f83h 0 according to the vision Alternate translation: “like the vision” EZK 43 3 akc5 figs-synecdoche 0 when he had come to destroy the city “when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city.” If the earlier Hebrew reading “when I had come to destroy the city” is used, then “destroy the city” is a synecdoche for “prophesy that the city will be destroyed.” Alternate translation: “when I had come to prophesy that the city will be destroyed” or “when I had come to prophesy that the God of Israel will destroy the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 43 5 r649 0 Behold Your language may have a different word to show that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. EZK 43 7 p4vj figs-metaphor 0 the corpses of their kings The idols that the people’s kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. Alternate translation: “the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 43 8 z6lz 0 They profaned “The Israelites profaned” +EZK 43 8 z6lz 0 They profaned Alternate translation: “The Israelites profaned” EZK 43 8 lyg4 0 disgusting actions “the disgusting things they did.” God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). EZK 43 8 c7nz figs-idiom 0 consumed them with my anger The phrase “consumed” here means “completely destroyed.” Alternate translation: “completely destroyed them because I was angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 43 9 mkm1 figs-metaphor 0 the corpses of their kings The idols that the people’s kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:7](../43/07.md). Alternate translation: “the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 43 10 gg2b 0 this description “this pattern” or “this plan” +EZK 43 10 gg2b 0 this description Alternate translation: “this pattern” or “this plan” EZK 43 11 e5qp figs-synecdoche 0 before their eyes Here the Israelites are referred to by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate translation: “before them” or “before the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -EZK 43 11 i8xe 0 will keep to all its design “will keep its pattern” -EZK 43 12 rn66 0 the regulation “the instruction” or “the rule” +EZK 43 11 i8xe 0 will keep to all its design Alternate translation: “will keep its pattern” +EZK 43 12 rn66 0 the regulation Alternate translation: “the instruction” or “the rule” EZK 43 12 pq2x 0 the surrounding border The word “border” probably refers to the wall that goes all the way around the temple. -EZK 43 12 n333 0 most holy “absolutely holy” +EZK 43 12 n333 0 most holy Alternate translation: “absolutely holy” EZK 43 12 yaf4 0 Behold! “This is important!” Your language may have a way of indicating that the words that follow are important. EZK 43 13 s3d3 translate-bdistance 0 a cubit Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 54 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 43 13 bu5v 0 The border around its surrounding edge “The border going around its edge” +EZK 43 13 bu5v 0 The border around its surrounding edge Alternate translation: “The border going around its edge” EZK 43 13 mj2w translate-bdistance 0 one span A span was 23 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. Alternate translation: “about 23 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 43 13 ep6b 0 This will be the base of the altar “These will be the measurements of the base of the altar” -EZK 43 13 y37z 0 the base of the altar “the bottom supporting the altar” or “the foundation of the altar” +EZK 43 13 ep6b 0 This will be the base of the altar Alternate translation: “These will be the measurements of the base of the altar” +EZK 43 13 y37z 0 the base of the altar Alternate translation: “the bottom supporting the altar” or “the foundation of the altar” EZK 43 14 uab7 translate-bdistance 0 two cubits … four cubits Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 1.1 meters … about 2.2 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 43 14 a8sb 0 ledge a narrow and flat surface that sticks out from a wall EZK 43 15 g3f7 0 The hearth the place where sacrifices were either cooked or burnt up with fire @@ -3145,10 +3145,10 @@ EZK 43 15 spz8 translate-bdistance 0 four cubits Each “long cubit” was abou EZK 43 15 c46r 0 horns The horns were the parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar. EZK 43 16 xxn8 translate-bdistance 0 twelve cubits Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 2.2 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 43 17 erf8 translate-bdistance 0 fourteen cubits … a half cubit … a cubit Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 7.6 meters … about 27 centimeters … about 54 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 43 17 swm9 0 with its steps facing east “with steps on the east side of the altar” or “and the altar’s steps are on its east side” -EZK 43 18 t97x 0 he said “Yahweh said” -EZK 43 18 g966 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” -EZK 43 18 e9g4 0 the regulations “the rules” or “the instructions” +EZK 43 17 swm9 0 with its steps facing east Alternate translation: “with steps on the east side of the altar” or “and the altar’s steps are on its east side” +EZK 43 18 t97x 0 he said Alternate translation: “Yahweh said” +EZK 43 18 g966 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 43 18 e9g4 0 the regulations Alternate translation: “the rules” or “the instructions” EZK 43 19 kl54 figs-you 0 You will The word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EZK 43 19 q7f2 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 43 20 w2ku figs-you 0 Then you will take The word “you” is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) @@ -3159,46 +3159,46 @@ EZK 43 24 i436 0 Offer them before Yahweh The altar on which they will sacrifi EZK 43 25 kse4 figs-pronouns 0 You must prepare This is spoken to Ezekiel and so the word “You” is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EZK 43 27 w2ig 0 it will come about that This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the instructions. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. EZK 43 27 c3ch figs-pronouns 0 your burnt offerings … your peace offerings … accept you The words “your” and “you” are second person plural and refer to the people of Israel in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -EZK 43 27 l94i 0 will accept you “will gladly receive you” +EZK 43 27 l94i 0 will accept you Alternate translation: “will gladly receive you” EZK 44 intro jl5n 0 # Ezekiel 44 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. Foreigners and the Levites who have worshiped idols are not allowed in the temple. The priests alone will do the temple work. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) -EZK 44 1 zm7u 0 to the outer sanctuary gate that faced east “to the outer sanctuary gate on the east side of the temple” +EZK 44 1 zm7u 0 to the outer sanctuary gate that faced east Alternate translation: “to the outer sanctuary gate on the east side of the temple” EZK 44 2 n9ff figs-activepassive 0 it will not be opened This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will open it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 44 2 zv5f 0 the God of Israel See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:4](../08/04.md). EZK 44 3 pv9b 0 He will enter by way of the gate’s portico and go out the same way He will enter the courtyard through another gate and then sit in the portico of the east gate and eat. EZK 44 3 x28c 0 portico covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. In this case, the portico opens into the courtyard and is between the entrance to the temple and the inside of the gate. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). -EZK 44 3 gk1x 0 before Yahweh “in front of Yahweh” or “in the presence of Yahweh” +EZK 44 3 gk1x 0 before Yahweh Alternate translation: “in front of Yahweh” or “in the presence of Yahweh” EZK 44 4 ztc8 0 Then he This could mean: (1) “Then the man” or (2) “Then Yahweh.” EZK 44 4 qy4q 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. EZK 44 4 r9tj 0 the glory of Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). EZK 44 4 sbu8 figs-idiom 0 I fell to my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 44 5 ws2h figs-idiom 0 set your heart “pay attention to” or “think about.” Translate as you translated “fix your mind on” in [Ezekiel 40:4](../40/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 44 5 drb4 0 all its regulations “all the instructions about the house of Yahweh” +EZK 44 5 drb4 0 all its regulations Alternate translation: “all the instructions about the house of Yahweh” EZK 44 6 zau2 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 44 6 az1c 0 Let all of your disgusting actions be enough for you “Your disgusting actions have been more than enough for you” or “You have done far too many disgusting deeds” +EZK 44 6 az1c 0 Let all of your disgusting actions be enough for you Alternate translation: “Your disgusting actions have been more than enough for you” or “You have done far too many disgusting deeds” EZK 44 6 bca6 0 disgusting actions See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). EZK 44 8 maa2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. EZK 44 10 zin7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. EZK 44 10 p8aq figs-metaphor 0 went far from me … wandered away from me, going after their idols The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. Alternate translation: “stopped worshiping me … stopped doing what I wanted them to do. Instead, they worshiped their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 44 11 bkp6 0 are servants in my sanctuary “will be the servants in my temple” -EZK 44 11 mm2d 0 watching the gates of the house “performing guard duty at the gates of the house” -EZK 44 11 x5sq 0 they will stand before the people and serve them “these Levites will stand before the people, so that they can serve the people” +EZK 44 11 bkp6 0 are servants in my sanctuary Alternate translation: “will be the servants in my temple” +EZK 44 11 mm2d 0 watching the gates of the house Alternate translation: “performing guard duty at the gates of the house” +EZK 44 11 x5sq 0 they will stand before the people and serve them Alternate translation: “these Levites will stand before the people, so that they can serve the people” EZK 44 12 q5px figs-metaphor 0 became stumbling blocks for sin for the house of Israel A person who causes another person to sin is spoken of as if he were something on a path over which people stumble. Alternate translation: “became people who caused the house of Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 44 12 z6se figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 44 12 vr22 translate-symaction 0 I will lift up my hand to swear an oath In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “I will solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -EZK 44 12 y3kn 0 against them “that I will punish them” +EZK 44 12 y3kn 0 against them Alternate translation: “that I will punish them” EZK 44 12 pf4z figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 44 12 q681 figs-abstractnouns 0 they will bear their punishment The abstract noun “punishment” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 44 13 j14m 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. EZK 44 13 hx8g 0 They the Levites ([Ezekiel 44:10](../44/10.md)) EZK 44 13 ae27 0 They will not come near “I will not permit them to come near.” Yahweh does not want them to come to him the way a servant comes to a king to receive commands, as the descendants of Zadok will do ([Ezekiel 40:46](../40/46.md)). -EZK 44 13 bca3 0 will bear their reproach and their guilt “will be ashamed and suffer when I punish them” +EZK 44 13 bca3 0 will bear their reproach and their guilt Alternate translation: “will be ashamed and suffer when I punish them” EZK 44 13 wq95 0 disgusting actions “the disgusting things you do.” God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). EZK 44 14 er59 0 keepers people who guard or take care of something EZK 44 14 u8yv figs-activepassive 0 that is done in it This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that they need to do in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 44 15 c721 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -EZK 44 15 s5we 0 those sons of Zadok who fulfilled “who are descendants of Zadok and fulfilled” +EZK 44 15 s5we 0 those sons of Zadok who fulfilled Alternate translation: “who are descendants of Zadok and fulfilled” EZK 44 17 l84s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -EZK 44 17 xb3e 0 So it will be that “So” +EZK 44 17 xb3e 0 So it will be that Alternate translation: “So” EZK 44 17 c13p 0 the inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). EZK 44 17 m5aw 0 linen See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). EZK 44 17 rj5i 0 wool cloth or clothing made of the soft hair of sheep @@ -3208,28 +3208,28 @@ EZK 44 19 ufa8 0 outer courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5] EZK 44 20 cn1l 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. EZK 44 20 qi2j 0 must trim the hair of their heads must keep their hair neat EZK 44 22 ni4q 0 widow a woman whose husband has died -EZK 44 22 b3xu 0 from the line of the house of Israel “who is a descendant of the people of Israel” +EZK 44 22 b3xu 0 from the line of the house of Israel Alternate translation: “who is a descendant of the people of Israel” EZK 44 22 u2pa figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 44 23 v6g5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -EZK 44 24 ubl2 0 In a dispute they will stand to judge with my decrees “When people are arguing, they will be the ones who decide who is right by applying my laws” +EZK 44 24 ubl2 0 In a dispute they will stand to judge with my decrees Alternate translation: “When people are arguing, they will be the ones who decide who is right by applying my laws” EZK 44 25 u9cv 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. EZK 44 27 zz6v figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 44 28 gw6s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. EZK 44 28 gcp2 figs-pronouns 0 you The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) EZK 44 28 rs2h 0 property land that a person owns and uses to provide for the needs of his family -EZK 44 28 p1ts 0 in Israel “in the land of Israel” +EZK 44 28 p1ts 0 in Israel Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” EZK 44 30 abr8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. -EZK 44 30 f4lm 0 every contribution, anything from all of your contributions “every gift of whatever kind from all your gifts” or “all gifts of every sort of all of your gifts” +EZK 44 30 f4lm 0 every contribution, anything from all of your contributions Alternate translation: “every gift of whatever kind from all your gifts” or “all gifts of every sort of all of your gifts” EZK 44 30 k6ar figs-idiom 0 so that blessing may rest on your house This phrase means “so that I will bless your family and everything that belongs to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 44 31 ydb2 figs-activepassive 0 or animal torn by a beast, whether bird or beast This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “or any creature that a bird or a wild animal has torn apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 45 intro csg9 0 # Ezekiel 45 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There should be an area around the temple complex for the homes of the priests and Levites who work at the temple. People should celebrate the festivals. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) EZK 45 1 w2qr 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. EZK 45 1 j186 translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits in length … ten thousand cubits in width Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits long…10,000 cubits wide” or “about 13.5 kilometers long … about 5.4 kilometers wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 45 1 rhe7 0 all its area round about “all of the area inside of the borders around it” +EZK 45 1 rhe7 0 all its area round about Alternate translation: “all of the area inside of the borders around it” EZK 45 2 ftd5 translate-bdistance 0 five hundred cubits … fifty cubits in width Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. Alternate translation: “500 cubits…50 cubits wide” or “about 270 meters … about 27 meters wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 45 3 z3c7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. EZK 45 3 u69s 0 this area the temple and the border surrounding it -EZK 45 3 r52y 0 a portion “a portion of land” +EZK 45 3 r52y 0 a portion Alternate translation: “a portion of land” EZK 45 3 m67w translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits…10,000 cubits” or “about 13.5 kilometers … about 5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 45 6 e3un 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. EZK 45 6 h2xy translate-bdistance 0 five thousand cubits … twenty-five thousand Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “5,000 cubits…25,000 cubits” or “about 2.7 kilometers … about 13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) @@ -3237,19 +3237,19 @@ EZK 45 6 s6nx figs-activepassive 0 reserved for the holy place This can be tran EZK 45 7 uk1u figs-explicit 0 The length will correspond to the length of one of those portions It is implied that Ezekiel is comparing the prince’s land with the size of the land given to each of the tribes. Alternate translation: “The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 45 7 q8d9 0 from the west to the east It is implied that these are the western and eastern borders of the land of Israel. “from the western border of Israel at the sea to the eastern border at the Jordan River” EZK 45 8 c5xt 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -EZK 45 8 gh1k 0 This land will be property for the prince in Israel “This portion of the land will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel” +EZK 45 8 gh1k 0 This land will be property for the prince in Israel Alternate translation: “This portion of the land will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel” EZK 45 9 kn84 figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -EZK 45 9 s8kt 0 It is enough for you “You have done too many bad things” or “You have been acting badly for far too long” +EZK 45 9 s8kt 0 It is enough for you Alternate translation: “You have done too many bad things” or “You have been acting badly for far too long” EZK 45 10 a79w 0 scales an instrument that was used to weigh things that people sold or bought -EZK 45 11 ns5i 0 so that a bath will be a tenth of a homer “so that ten baths will be the same amount as a homer” +EZK 45 11 ns5i 0 so that a bath will be a tenth of a homer Alternate translation: “so that ten baths will be the same amount as a homer” EZK 45 11 s483 translate-bvolume 0 homer about 220 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) EZK 45 12 d171 translate-bweight 0 shekel about 11 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) EZK 45 12 x539 translate-bweight 0 gerahs about 0.55 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) EZK 45 12 na75 translate-bweight 0 mina about 660 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) EZK 45 13 a49t 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. EZK 45 13 cnf3 figs-explicit 0 for every homer of wheat It is implied that this is the amount of wheat that the people harvest. Alternate translation: “for every homer of wheat from the harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 45 14 u4gz 0 The regulation offering of oil will be a tenth of a bath “You must offer one tenth of a bath of oil” -EZK 45 15 nx2w 0 the watered regions of Israel “the parts of Israel that get a good amount of water” +EZK 45 14 u4gz 0 The regulation offering of oil will be a tenth of a bath Alternate translation: “You must offer one tenth of a bath of oil” +EZK 45 15 nx2w 0 the watered regions of Israel Alternate translation: “the parts of Israel that get a good amount of water” EZK 45 15 j447 figs-activepassive 0 will be used for This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will use for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 45 16 hs31 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. EZK 45 17 nq7p 0 the fixed festivals the festivals that happen at the same time every year or month or week @@ -3259,12 +3259,12 @@ EZK 45 18 s8r4 figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of hims EZK 45 18 kwy1 translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the first month, on the first day of the month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 45 18 zx5a figs-you 0 you will take The word “you” is singular and refers to whoever is the prince in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EZK 45 20 rnr8 translate-ordinal 0 on the seventh of the month “on the seventh day of the first month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -EZK 45 20 yp7i 0 for each person’s sin by accident or ignorance “for each person who had sinned without meaning to or because he did not know he was sinning” or “for each person who had sinned by accident or because he did not now what was right” +EZK 45 20 yp7i 0 for each person’s sin by accident or ignorance Alternate translation: “for each person who had sinned without meaning to or because he did not know he was sinning” or “for each person who had sinned by accident or because he did not now what was right” EZK 45 21 h28w 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. EZK 45 21 x1ac translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the first month on the fourteenth day of the month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZK 45 21 h44r figs-you 0 for you The word “you” is plural and refers to the prince and the rest of the people of the house of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EZK 45 23 sm6c 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -EZK 45 23 hij9 0 Seven bulls and seven unblemished rams “Seven bulls and seven rams that are completely healthy” +EZK 45 23 hij9 0 Seven bulls and seven unblemished rams Alternate translation: “Seven bulls and seven rams that are completely healthy” EZK 45 24 c8si 0 food offering This is also called a “grain offering.” EZK 45 24 a1wx translate-bvolume 0 an ephah You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “twenty-two liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) EZK 45 24 h4z8 translate-bvolume 0 a hin You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “four liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) @@ -3275,7 +3275,7 @@ EZK 45 25 v9fx 0 at the festival This is a different festival from the festiva EZK 46 intro b7h2 0 # Ezekiel 46 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on many of the temple’s rules. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) EZK 46 1 da9n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. EZK 46 1 pc25 figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -EZK 46 1 m74l 0 The gate of the inner courtyard, facing east “the gate on the east side of the inner courtyard” or “the eastern gate of the inner courtyard” +EZK 46 1 m74l 0 The gate of the inner courtyard, facing east Alternate translation: “the gate on the east side of the inner courtyard” or “the eastern gate of the inner courtyard” EZK 46 1 w3m7 0 inner courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). EZK 46 2 j8bw 0 inner gate See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:19](../40/19.md). EZK 46 3 m3lm 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. @@ -3286,12 +3286,12 @@ EZK 46 8 usc6 0 portico covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts EZK 46 9 rl4y 0 before Yahweh “in front of Yahweh” or “in the presence of Yahweh.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 44:3](../44/03.md). EZK 46 9 a1p7 0 appointed festivals Translate as you translated “appointed feasts” in [Ezekiel 36:37](../36/37.md). EZK 46 12 fa81 figs-activepassive 0 the gate facing east will be opened for him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Levites will open the gate facing east for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 46 12 lqw2 0 the gate facing east “the eastern gate” or “the gate on the east side of the courtyard” +EZK 46 12 lqw2 0 the gate facing east Alternate translation: “the eastern gate” or “the gate on the east side of the courtyard” EZK 46 13 vq1i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. -EZK 46 14 yhz5 0 to moisten “which will soak” +EZK 46 14 yhz5 0 to moisten Alternate translation: “which will soak” EZK 46 16 j4il figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 46 17 ly5s 0 year of liberty This is the year that a servant gains freedom. This is also called the “Year of Jubilee.” -EZK 46 19 c74n 0 which faced north “which had their main entrances to the north” +EZK 46 19 c74n 0 which faced north Alternate translation: “which had their main entrances to the north” EZK 46 19 bsb4 0 behold! Ezekiel saw something interesting. EZK 46 20 u2ic 0 outer courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md). EZK 46 21 e6xs 0 outer courtyard See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md). @@ -3299,15 +3299,15 @@ EZK 46 22 pwg8 translate-bdistance 0 forty cubits … thirty Each long cubit wa EZK 46 23 kg1g 0 cooking hearths places where people can build fire and cook food EZK 47 intro m1ty 0 # Ezekiel 47 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There was a river flowing from the temple. The land was to be divided among the tribes. The landscape of Jerusalem will have changed in a significant way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) EZK 47 1 ej9g 0 to the right of the altar This is the right side of the altar when a person looks at it while they are facing east, so it is on the south side of the altar. Alternate translation: “on the south side of the altar” -EZK 47 2 e7pw 0 the gate facing east “the eastern gate” or “the eastern gate of the outer wall” +EZK 47 2 e7pw 0 the gate facing east Alternate translation: “the eastern gate” or “the eastern gate of the outer wall” EZK 47 3 zm72 0 measuring line a string or a rope that people use to measure longer distances EZK 47 3 iz2e translate-bdistance 0 one thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. Alternate translation: “1,000 cubits” or “about 540 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 47 5 a556 figs-activepassive 0 a river that could not be crossed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a river that no one could cross on foot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 47 6 p6gu 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” +EZK 47 6 p6gu 0 Son of man God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 47 6 ev96 figs-rquestion 0 do you see this? Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:15](../08/15.md). Alternate translation: “think about this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 47 10 x3c2 0 Then it will happen See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:7](../21/07.md). EZK 47 10 cw5n translate-names 0 En Gedi This is the name of a very large spring on the western side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZK 47 10 r49u 0 a place to dry out the fishing nets “a place for people to dry out their fishing nets” +EZK 47 10 r49u 0 a place to dry out the fishing nets Alternate translation: “a place for people to dry out their fishing nets” EZK 47 10 kj6k translate-names 0 En Eglaim This is the name of a large spring on the eastern side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZK 47 11 z32w 0 swamps places with shallow water and trees growing in deep mud EZK 47 11 v9ac 0 marshes places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud @@ -3325,8 +3325,8 @@ EZK 47 20 u2zi translate-names 0 Hamath This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc: EZK 47 23 hhn8 0 Then it will happen that See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:7](../21/07.md). EZK 47 23 w2zf figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 48 intro lpq8 0 # Ezekiel 48 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There is more dividing of the land between the tribes in this chapter as well. -EZK 48 1 d7s2 0 one portion of land “one piece of the land that you will distribute” -EZK 48 1 tj9i 0 boundary will run … boundary will go “boundary will be … boundary will be” +EZK 48 1 d7s2 0 one portion of land Alternate translation: “one piece of the land that you will distribute” +EZK 48 1 tj9i 0 boundary will run … boundary will go Alternate translation: “boundary will be … boundary will be” EZK 48 1 gf1l 0 Hethlon This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:15](../47/15.md). EZK 48 1 dmd8 0 Lebo Hamath This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:15](../47/15.md) or [Ezekiel 47:20](../47/20.md) EZK 48 1 h3d5 0 Hazar Enan This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:17](../47/17.md). @@ -3337,19 +3337,19 @@ EZK 48 8 t9ii translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits Each long cubit EZK 48 9 k8kq translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits…10,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers…5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 48 10 f9ke figs-activepassive 0 The priests will have land assigned to them This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The leaders of the Israelites will assign land to the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 48 10 z5ek translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits…10,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers…5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 48 12 z977 0 The offering for them will be a portion of this most holy land “This smaller portion within the holy portion of the land will belong to these priests, a portion that is more holy than the rest of the holy portion of the land” +EZK 48 12 z977 0 The offering for them will be a portion of this most holy land Alternate translation: “This smaller portion within the holy portion of the land will belong to these priests, a portion that is more holy than the rest of the holy portion of the land” EZK 48 13 a2ty translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits…10,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers…5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 48 14 eh61 figs-metaphor 0 this firstfruits “this land which is the firstfruits.” Here “firstfruits” probably means the best things among all the offerings set aside to give to God. This land is spoken of in that way, as land set aside for Yahweh’s use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 48 15 m618 translate-numbers 0 five thousand cubits … twenty-five thousand cubits “5000 cubits…25,000 cubits.” Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “almost 2.3 kilometers … about 13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 48 15 z6m7 0 will be for the collective use of the city “will be an area that all the people of the city will share and use” -EZK 48 15 xy66 0 the houses, and the pastureland “as a place for houses and for an open space” +EZK 48 15 z6m7 0 will be for the collective use of the city Alternate translation: “will be an area that all the people of the city will share and use” +EZK 48 15 xy66 0 the houses, and the pastureland Alternate translation: “as a place for houses and for an open space” EZK 48 16 s31f translate-numbers 0 4,500 cubits “four thousand five hundred cubits.” Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 2.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 48 17 mt45 translate-numbers 0 250 cubits “two hundred and fifty cubits.” A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 135 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) EZK 48 18 ihu6 translate-numbers 0 ten thousand cubits “10,000 cubits.” A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 5.4 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 48 18 z3h4 0 its produce “the food that grows there” +EZK 48 18 z3h4 0 its produce Alternate translation: “the food that grows there” EZK 48 19 fw9z 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. EZK 48 20 gl23 translate-bdistance 0 twenty-five thousand cubits Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits” or “about 13.5 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) -EZK 48 20 q1yu 0 In this way you will make the holy offering of land, together with the land for the city. “You will offer the holy offering and also the property of the city” +EZK 48 20 q1yu 0 In this way you will make the holy offering of land, together with the land for the city. Alternate translation: “You will offer the holy offering and also the property of the city” EZK 48 20 tlm3 figs-you 0 you This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EZK 48 20 mp4t 0 the holy offering the land that the people of Israel gave to Yahweh for the Levites, the priests, and the temple EZK 48 21 rn7q 0 the holy offering See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 48:18](../48/18.md). diff --git a/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv b/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv index 5aab8b36dc..4a393d5a99 100644 --- a/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv +++ b/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo DAN front intro txw3 0 # Introduction to Daniel
## Part 1: General Introduction

### Outline of Daniel

1. Daniel and his friends in the court of Nebuchadnezzar (1:1–21)
1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s first dream (2:1–49)
1. Daniel’s friends delivered from the fiery furnace (3:1–30)
1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s second dream (4:1–37)
1. Belshazzar’s feast and the writing on the wall (5:1-31)
1. Daniel in the den of lions (6:1–28)
1. Daniel’s vision of four beasts (7:1–28)
1. Daniel’s vision of a ram and a goat (8:1–27)
1. Daniel prays and Gabriel answers (9:1–23)
1. Daniel’s vision of seventy weeks (9:24–27)
1. Daniel’s vision of a man (10:1–11:1)
1. The kings of the south and north (11:2–20)
1. An evil king exalts himself (11:21-39)
1. The time of the end (11:40–12:13)

### What is the Book of Daniel about?

The first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful.

The rest of the Book of Daniel is a series of prophetic visions. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–11 are prophecies and visions about wars and a type of the great enemy of God appearing. Chapter 12 is a vision that describes end times.

### How should the title of this book be translated?

The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Daniel” or just “Daniel.” Translators may call it “The Book About Daniel” or “The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

### Who wrote the Book of Daniel?

Daniel was a Jew who became a Babylonian government official during the exile. He may have written the book himself. Or he may have written the parts of the book and someone else put the parts together at a later time.

## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

### Is there a missing week in Daniel’s prophecy?

Scholars disagree about what may appear to be a missing week in 9:24-27. It is best for translators to allow apparent mysteries such as this to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])

### When did the seventy weeks begin?

The seventy weeks in 9:24-27 began when a decree was issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem. But there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. Translators do not need to understand how prophecies were or will be fulfilled to translate the text.

### Who was Darius the Mede?

Darius the Mede was a Babylonian king who sent Daniel into a den of lions. People have not found his name in history outside of the Book of Daniel. Scholars have tried to explain who Darius was, but they are not certain.

## Part 3: Important Translation Issues

### How does Daniel use the word “king”?

Many kings are in the Book of Daniel, but not all of the kings ruled over all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have ruled over regions or cities.

### How many chapters does Daniel have?

Daniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called “Bel and the Dragon” and “The Prayer of Azariah.” However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them. DAN 1 intro p1ev 0 # Daniel 1 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

### Training for government jobs

Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were chosen to be trained for service in the Babylonian kingdom. It was not unusual for foreigners to be given positions in the Babylonian government as advisors or cultural ambassadors.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Food laws

The food from the king included things the Jews were not allowed to eat according to the law of Moses. Daniel requested permission not to eat the king’s food. He proved to the king that this food was not necessary for good health. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) DAN 1 1 x9t9 figs-synecdoche 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -DAN 1 1 cps4 0 to cut off all supplies to it “to stop the people from receiving any supplies” +DAN 1 1 cps4 0 to cut off all supplies to it Alternate translation: “to stop the people from receiving any supplies” DAN 1 1 sxi6 figs-synecdoche 0 Jehoiakim king of Judah This refers to Jehoiakim and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate translation: “the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DAN 1 2 mfr8 figs-synecdoche 0 gave Nebuchadnezzar This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “gave Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DAN 1 2 w31y 0 he gave him Jehoiakim gave Nebuchadnezzar @@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ DAN 1 3 pba3 translate-names 0 Ashpenaz This is the chief official. (See: [[rc: DAN 1 4 j6vw figs-litotes 0 without blemish These two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “with perfect appearance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DAN 1 4 ki41 figs-idiom 0 filled with knowledge and understanding This is an idiom. This means they knew much and could organize and use that information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 1 4 im8m 0 king’s palace This is the large house or building where the king lives. -DAN 1 4 gg5x 0 He was to teach them “Ashpenaz was to teach them” +DAN 1 4 gg5x 0 He was to teach them Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to teach them” DAN 1 5 v9dg figs-metonymy 0 The king counted out for them The king’s officials did this task for him. Alternate translation: “The king’s officials counted out for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 1 5 vq2i 0 his delicacies the special, rare, good foods that the king ate DAN 1 5 ex12 figs-activepassive 0 These young men were to be trained This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to train these young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 1 5 bj35 0 trained “taught skills” -DAN 1 6 ln29 0 Among these “Among the young men from Israel” +DAN 1 5 bj35 0 trained Alternate translation: “taught skills” +DAN 1 6 ln29 0 Among these Alternate translation: “Among the young men from Israel” DAN 1 7 k7uc 0 The chief official This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar’s highest official. DAN 1 7 b656 translate-names 0 Belteshazzar … Shadrach … Meshach … Abednego These are all men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DAN 1 8 s7sr figs-synecdoche 0 Daniel intended in his mind Here “mind” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “Daniel decided to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -38,18 +38,18 @@ DAN 1 19 ita9 0 The king spoke with them The king spoke with the “four young DAN 1 19 u1am figs-litotes 0 among the whole group there were none to compare with Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DAN 1 19 e2m3 0 Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md). DAN 1 20 f5x8 figs-hyperbole 0 ten times better Here “ten times” is an exaggeration representing great quality. Alternate translation: “much better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -DAN 1 21 jhp9 0 the first year of King Cyrus “the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon” +DAN 1 21 jhp9 0 the first year of King Cyrus Alternate translation: “the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon” DAN 2 intro epd5 0 # Daniel 2 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in Daniel’s prayer in 2:20-23.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### The king’s dream

Daniel told the king’s dream and what the dream meant. In the ancient Near East, it was believed that only people in touch with the gods could interpret dreams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])

### How Daniel knew the dream

Daniel gave Yahweh the honor for having told him the dream and its meaning in answer to the prayers of the four men. DAN 2 1 mns5 translate-ordinal 0 In the second year “In year two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -DAN 2 1 xtc6 0 he had dreams “Nebuchadnezzar had dreams” +DAN 2 1 xtc6 0 he had dreams Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar had dreams” DAN 2 1 xw34 figs-metonymy 0 His mind was troubled Here “mind” refers to his thoughts. Alternate translation: “His thoughts disturbed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 2 1 g67b 0 and he could not sleep His troubled thoughts prevented him from sleeping. Alternate translation: “so that he could not sleep” -DAN 2 2 zsv7 0 Then the king summoned the magicians “Then the king called the magicians” -DAN 2 2 a7yh 0 the dead “people who had died” -DAN 2 2 n5gn 0 they came in “they came into the palace” -DAN 2 2 x5f6 0 stood before “stood in front of” +DAN 2 2 zsv7 0 Then the king summoned the magicians Alternate translation: “Then the king called the magicians” +DAN 2 2 a7yh 0 the dead Alternate translation: “people who had died” +DAN 2 2 n5gn 0 they came in Alternate translation: “they came into the palace” +DAN 2 2 x5f6 0 stood before Alternate translation: “stood in front of” DAN 2 3 q4dv figs-synecdoche 0 my mind is anxious Here “mind” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “I am anxious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -DAN 2 3 wvg5 0 anxious “troubled” +DAN 2 3 wvg5 0 anxious Alternate translation: “troubled” DAN 2 4 k6f2 translate-names 0 Aramaic This is the language that people in Babylon spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DAN 2 4 b8zx 0 King, live forever! The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. Alternate translation: “King, we hope you will live forever!” DAN 2 4 n36i 0 us, your servants The men called themselves the king’s servants to show him respect. @@ -59,37 +59,37 @@ DAN 2 5 nw8r figs-activepassive 0 your bodies will be torn apart and your house DAN 2 6 xv1k figs-activepassive 0 you will receive gifts from me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 2 7 ux2h figs-123person 0 Let the king tell us The wise men addressed the king in the third person as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 2 8 h6gf figs-metaphor 0 you see how firm my decision is about this A decision that will not be changed is spoken of as something firm. Alternate translation: “you see that I will not change my decision about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -DAN 2 9 ef89 0 there is only one sentence for you “there is only one punishment for you” +DAN 2 9 ef89 0 there is only one sentence for you Alternate translation: “there is only one punishment for you” DAN 2 9 xj29 figs-doublet 0 false and deceptive words These two words mean approximately the same thing and emphasize that these are “lies intended to deceive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 2 10 m1jc figs-doublet 0 great and powerful These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of the king’s power. Alternate translation: “most powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 2 11 n99m figs-litotes 0 there is no one who can tell it to the king except the gods This is stated in negative form for emphasis. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only the gods can tell this to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DAN 2 12 xu8y figs-doublet 0 angry and very furious These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “incredibly angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -DAN 2 12 y1cf 0 all those in Babylon “all the men in Babylon” +DAN 2 12 y1cf 0 all those in Babylon Alternate translation: “all the men in Babylon” DAN 2 13 w1hk figs-personification 0 So the decree went out The decree is spoken of as if it was alive and able to go out by itself. Alternate translation: “So the king issued a command” or “So the king gave a command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DAN 2 13 m5cr figs-activepassive 0 all those who were known for their wisdom were to be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 2 13 d4wp figs-activepassive 0 so they could be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 2 14 fm3n figs-doublet 0 prudence and discretion These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his prudence. Alternate translation: “caution and careful judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 2 14 cj8p translate-names 0 Arioch This is the name of the king’s commander. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DAN 2 14 a4fa 0 bodyguard This is a group of men whose job is to protect the king. -DAN 2 14 y853 0 who had come to kill “who the king had sent out to kill” +DAN 2 14 y853 0 who had come to kill Alternate translation: “who the king had sent out to kill” DAN 2 16 ju9k figs-explicit 0 Daniel went in Daniel probably went to the palace. Alternate translation: “Daniel went to the palace” or “Daniel went to talk with the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -DAN 2 16 jl4r 0 requested an appointment with the king “asked for a set time to meet with the king” +DAN 2 16 jl4r 0 requested an appointment with the king Alternate translation: “asked for a set time to meet with the king” DAN 2 17 bbc8 0 his house This is referring to Daniel’s house. -DAN 2 17 ijt3 0 what had happened “about the king’s decree” -DAN 2 18 uh7c 0 He urged them to seek mercy “He begged them to pray for mercy” +DAN 2 17 ijt3 0 what had happened Alternate translation: “about the king’s decree” +DAN 2 18 uh7c 0 He urged them to seek mercy Alternate translation: “He begged them to pray for mercy” DAN 2 18 yhz1 figs-activepassive 0 so that he and they might not be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the king would not kill them” or “so that the king’s bodyguard would not kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 2 19 nq22 figs-activepassive 0 That night the mystery was revealed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “That night God revealed the mystery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 2 19 s94i 0 the mystery This is referring to the king’s dream and its meaning. DAN 2 20 e8z9 figs-metonymy 0 Praise the name of God Here “name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “Praise God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 2 21 p54i 0 General Information: These verses are also part of Daniel’s prayer. -DAN 2 21 xy7w 0 he removes kings “he takes away kings’ authority to rule” +DAN 2 21 xy7w 0 he removes kings Alternate translation: “he takes away kings’ authority to rule” DAN 2 21 k348 figs-metonymy 0 places kings on their thrones Here being on the “throne” refers to ruling over a kingdom. Alternate translation: “makes new kings rule over their kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 2 22 v5bq 0 the light lives with him “the light comes from where God is” +DAN 2 22 v5bq 0 the light lives with him Alternate translation: “the light comes from where God is” DAN 2 23 e5yc figs-123person 0 General Information: This verse is also part of Daniel’s prayer. He stops addressing God in the third person and switches to the more personal second person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -DAN 2 23 b3ga 0 made known to me what we asked of you “told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us” -DAN 2 23 x268 0 made known to us the matter that concerns the king “told us what the king wants to know” +DAN 2 23 b3ga 0 made known to me what we asked of you Alternate translation: “told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us” +DAN 2 23 x268 0 made known to us the matter that concerns the king Alternate translation: “told us what the king wants to know” DAN 2 24 le8h translate-names 0 Arioch This is the name of the king’s commander. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -DAN 2 24 fs73 0 everyone who was wise “the wise men” +DAN 2 24 fs73 0 everyone who was wise Alternate translation: “the wise men” DAN 2 26 z3qq translate-names 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DAN 2 27 b59r figs-activepassive 0 The mystery that the king has asked about … not by astrologers This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 2 27 r8dh 0 The mystery that the king has asked about This phrase refers to the king’s dream. @@ -99,16 +99,16 @@ DAN 2 30 v6bt figs-activepassive 0 this mystery was not revealed to me This can DAN 2 30 qk3n figs-activepassive 0 This mystery was revealed to me so that you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He revealed the mystery to me so that you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 2 30 ca22 figs-synecdoche 0 know the thoughts deep within you This phrase is using the word “you” referring to the person’s mind. Alternate translation: “know the thoughts deep inside your mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DAN 2 31 c17n 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king. -DAN 2 32 qp26 0 was made of fine gold “was of fine gold” or “was fine gold” -DAN 2 33 n7d7 0 were made partly of iron and partly of clay “were partly of iron and partly of clay” or “were partly iron and partly clay” +DAN 2 32 qp26 0 was made of fine gold Alternate translation: “was of fine gold” or “was fine gold” +DAN 2 33 n7d7 0 were made partly of iron and partly of clay Alternate translation: “were partly of iron and partly of clay” or “were partly iron and partly clay” DAN 2 34 upd5 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king. DAN 2 34 e77j figs-activepassive 0 a stone was cut out, although not by human hands, and it This can be stated in active form if it is divided into two sentences. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from a mountain, but it was not a human who cut it. The stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 2 35 si32 figs-simile 0 like the chaff of the threshing floors in the summer This phrase is comparing the pieces of the statue to small and light things which could be blown away by the wind. Alternate translation: “like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DAN 2 35 fe57 figs-litotes 0 there was no trace of them left This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they were completely gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -DAN 2 35 nfy2 0 filled the whole earth “spread over the whole earth” +DAN 2 35 nfy2 0 filled the whole earth Alternate translation: “spread over the whole earth” DAN 2 36 b8tq 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king. DAN 2 36 utl6 figs-pronouns 0 Now we will tell the king Here “we” refers only to Daniel. He may have used to plural form in humility to avoid taking credit for knowing the meaning of the dream that God had revealed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -DAN 2 37 e2xg 0 king of the kings “the most important king” or “a king who rules over other kings” +DAN 2 37 e2xg 0 king of the kings Alternate translation: “the most important king” or “a king who rules over other kings” DAN 2 37 gfj7 figs-doublet 0 the power, the strength These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 2 38 lz1m figs-metonymy 0 He has given into your hand the place Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “He has given you control over the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 2 38 ed9h figs-metonymy 0 the place where the human beings live The place is used to represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -123,11 +123,11 @@ DAN 2 40 v1d8 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king. DAN 2 40 q2dl translate-ordinal 0 There will be a fourth kingdom “There will be a kingdom number four” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DAN 2 40 d7bf figs-simile 0 strong as iron The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as strong as iron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DAN 2 40 rjj2 writing-symlanguage 0 It will shatter all these things and crush them This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -DAN 2 40 qn2j 0 all these things “the previous kingdoms” +DAN 2 40 qn2j 0 all these things Alternate translation: “the previous kingdoms” DAN 2 41 y27x 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king. DAN 2 41 lp4z 0 Just as you saw Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet. DAN 2 41 bc2q figs-activepassive 0 were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “were a mixture of baked clay and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 2 43 c3hf 0 they will not stay together “they will not remain united” +DAN 2 43 c3hf 0 they will not stay together Alternate translation: “they will not remain united” DAN 2 44 zd8x 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king. DAN 2 44 fan9 0 In the days of those kings Here “those kings” refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue. DAN 2 44 d96c figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -135,11 +135,11 @@ DAN 2 45 u69a figs-activepassive 0 a stone was cut out of the mountain, but not DAN 2 45 xc85 0 reliable trustworthy and correct DAN 2 46 hb4s translate-symaction 0 fell on his face This symbolic act showed that the king was honoring Daniel. Alternate translation: “lay down with his face on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) DAN 2 46 xf46 figs-activepassive 0 an offering be made and that incense be offered up to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 2 47 jz9s 0 Truly your God “It is true that your God” -DAN 2 47 q3ru 0 the God of gods, the Lord of kings “greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings” +DAN 2 47 jz9s 0 Truly your God Alternate translation: “It is true that your God” +DAN 2 47 q3ru 0 the God of gods, the Lord of kings Alternate translation: “greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings” DAN 2 47 ifr1 0 the one who reveals mysteries Translate “the one who reveals mysteries” as in [Daniel 2:29](../02/29.md). -DAN 2 47 h6md 0 to reveal this mystery “to reveal the mystery of my dream” -DAN 2 48 lz5p 0 He made him ruler “The king made Daniel the ruler” +DAN 2 47 h6md 0 to reveal this mystery Alternate translation: “to reveal the mystery of my dream” +DAN 2 48 lz5p 0 He made him ruler Alternate translation: “The king made Daniel the ruler” DAN 2 49 pp5r 0 Shadrach … Meshach … Abednego These were the Babylonian names of the three Jewish men who were brought to Babylon with Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md) DAN 3 intro fc6f 0 # Daniel 3 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### The king’s new idol

Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refused to worship the new idol. In the ancient Near East, refusing to worship the king was a sign of rebellion against the king. It was often considered the crime of treason. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])

### The furnace

There was a fourth person with them in the furnace, and because of this they were not hurt. Most scholars believe this to be Jesus before he was born. DAN 3 1 vj2c figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar made a gold statue … He set it up Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to make a gold statue … They set it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ DAN 3 11 qdc6 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down” DAN 3 11 p2l2 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md). DAN 3 12 in2b 0 affairs matters having to do with government DAN 3 12 anm2 0 Shadrach … Meshach … Abednego These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). -DAN 3 12 ejy1 0 pay no attention to you “do not pay attention to you” +DAN 3 12 ejy1 0 pay no attention to you Alternate translation: “do not pay attention to you” DAN 3 12 e3hs translate-symaction 0 prostrate themselves They would do this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: “stretch themselves out on the ground face down in worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) DAN 3 12 a7m8 figs-metonymy 0 the golden statue you have set up Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue your men have set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 3 13 z18y figs-metaphor 0 filled with anger and rage Nebuchadnezzar’s anger and rage were so intense that they are spoken of as if they had filled him up. Here “anger” and “rage” mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how upset the king was. Alternate translation: “extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ DAN 3 14 t6f3 figs-metonymy 0 the golden statue that I have set up Nebuchadnezz DAN 3 15 kak3 0 the horns, flutes … and pipes These are musical instruments. See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md). DAN 3 15 l9el 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down” DAN 3 15 ws27 translate-symaction 0 prostrate yourselves to stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -DAN 3 15 vth1 0 all will be well “there will no longer be a problem” or “you will be free to go” +DAN 3 15 vth1 0 all will be well Alternate translation: “there will no longer be a problem” or “you will be free to go” DAN 3 15 td6r figs-metonymy 0 the statue that I have made Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the statue that my men have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 3 15 gz3y figs-activepassive 0 you will immediately be thrown into a blazing furnace This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 3 15 sl8a 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md). @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ DAN 3 15 z8gt figs-rquestion 0 Who is the god … my hands? The king does not e DAN 3 15 hw83 figs-metonymy 0 out of my hands Here “hands” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from my punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 3 17 d2kc 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md). DAN 3 17 sj5q figs-metonymy 0 out of your hand Here “hand” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from your punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 3 18 mc1d 0 But if not, let it be known to you, king, that “But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us” +DAN 3 18 mc1d 0 But if not, let it be known to you, king, that Alternate translation: “But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us” DAN 3 18 p84a translate-symaction 0 prostrate ourselves to People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch ourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) DAN 3 18 iq7t figs-metonymy 0 the golden statue you set up Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue your men set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 3 19 bt7k figs-metaphor 0 Nebuchadnezzar was filled with rage The king was so angry that rage is spoken of as if it were filling him up. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -201,21 +201,21 @@ DAN 3 19 e99g figs-idiom 0 He commanded that the furnace should be heated seven DAN 3 21 r7tt 0 turbans A turban is a head covering made of wrapped cloth. DAN 3 21 xya5 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md). DAN 3 22 v2v9 figs-activepassive 0 Because the king’s command was strictly followed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because the men did exactly what the king commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 3 24 kzd8 0 Did we not throw three men tied up into the fire “We threw three men tied up into the fire, right” +DAN 3 24 kzd8 0 Did we not throw three men tied up into the fire Alternate translation: “We threw three men tied up into the fire, right” DAN 3 25 gy5s translate-ordinal 0 The brilliance of the fourth is like a son of the gods The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. Alternate translation: “Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DAN 3 27 ru5i 0 The provincial governors, regional governors, other governors These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. See how you translated these in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md). DAN 3 27 g7e8 figs-activepassive 0 the hair on their heads was not singed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the fire had not singed the hair on their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 3 27 jr79 0 was not singed “was not burned even a little” +DAN 3 27 jr79 0 was not singed Alternate translation: “was not burned even a little” DAN 3 27 nuu7 figs-activepassive 0 their robes were not harmed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the fire did not harm their robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 3 27 hv4b 0 there was no smell of fire on them “they did not smell like fire” +DAN 3 27 hv4b 0 there was no smell of fire on them Alternate translation: “they did not smell like fire” DAN 3 28 x5ha figs-metaphor 0 they set aside my command Not obeying the king’s command is spoken of as if they had physically moved it away from them. Alternate translation: “they ignored my command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 3 28 uld8 figs-idiom 0 they gave up their bodies This phrase refers to the three men’s willingness to die for what they believed. Alternate translation: “they were willing to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 3 28 iz7q translate-symaction 0 prostrate themselves to People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch themselves out on the ground face down in honor of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -DAN 3 28 s95d 0 any god except their God “any other god except their God” +DAN 3 28 s95d 0 any god except their God Alternate translation: “any other god except their God” DAN 3 29 pnl6 figs-activepassive 0 any people, nation, or language … must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into rubbish heaps This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language … and make their houses into piles of garbage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 3 29 h7gq figs-metonymy 0 any people, nation, or language that speaks Here “nations” and “language” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “any people from any nation, or those who speak any language that says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 3 29 qb3c 0 speaks anything against the God “speaks words that do not respect the God” -DAN 3 29 t5vb 0 must be torn apart “must have their bodies torn apart” +DAN 3 29 qb3c 0 speaks anything against the God Alternate translation: “speaks words that do not respect the God” +DAN 3 29 t5vb 0 must be torn apart Alternate translation: “must have their bodies torn apart” DAN 3 29 lw5h 0 there is no other god who is able to save like this This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only their God is able to save like this” DAN 4 intro du52 0 # Daniel 4 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:3 and 4:34-35.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### The king becomes insane

The king became insane until he realized that Yahweh was the ruler over everyone, including him. DAN 4 1 s72g figs-123person 0 General Information: In this chapter, Nebuchadnezzar tells what God did to him. In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. Verses 19-33 switch to the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. Verses 34-37 change back to first person as Nebuchadnezzar describes his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) @@ -231,21 +231,21 @@ DAN 4 4 p8nt figs-parallelism 0 was living happily … was enjoying prosperity DAN 4 4 zv52 figs-doublet 0 my house … my palace These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 4 5 fmk5 figs-doublet 0 a dream … the images … the visions These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 4 5 u6n6 figs-parallelism 0 made me afraid … troubled me These phrases are parallel and they mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -DAN 4 6 ep7g 0 all the men of Babylon who had wisdom “all the wise men of Babylon” +DAN 4 6 ep7g 0 all the men of Babylon who had wisdom Alternate translation: “all the wise men of Babylon” DAN 4 7 l5u7 figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 8 aej3 figs-activepassive 0 who is named Belteshazzar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who I named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 4 8 dhx3 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). DAN 4 9 x1x7 0 no mystery is too difficult for you The can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you understand the meaning of every mystery” DAN 4 10 vz2b figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 10 ra4y 0 sights things that you see -DAN 4 10 h4t8 0 its height was very great “it was very tall” +DAN 4 10 h4t8 0 its height was very great Alternate translation: “it was very tall” DAN 4 11 w5t1 writing-symlanguage 0 Its top reached to the heavens … it could be seen to the ends of the whole earth This is symbolic language that exaggerates how tall and how well-known the tree was. Alternate translation: “It seemed that its top reached up to the sky and that everyone in the world could see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -DAN 4 12 c94i 0 its fruit was abundant “there was a lot of fruit on the tree” -DAN 4 12 bvq7 0 was food for all “was food for all people and animals” +DAN 4 12 c94i 0 its fruit was abundant Alternate translation: “there was a lot of fruit on the tree” +DAN 4 12 bvq7 0 was food for all Alternate translation: “was food for all people and animals” DAN 4 13 s8rq figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 13 mze4 0 I saw in my mind This refers to seeing a dream or vision. Alternate translation: “I saw in my dream” DAN 4 14 l1nv figs-explicit 0 He shouted and said It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. Alternate translation: “He shouted to some people and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -DAN 4 14 rd55 0 Let the animals flee … from its branches “The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches” +DAN 4 14 rd55 0 Let the animals flee … from its branches Alternate translation: “The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches” DAN 4 15 h8je figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. The holy messenger in the vision continues shouting to some people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 15 eb7u 0 stump of its roots This is the part of the tree that is left above the ground after a tree is cut down. DAN 4 15 e8lj 0 dew the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings @@ -253,10 +253,10 @@ DAN 4 16 f3wx figs-pronouns 0 Let his mind be changed … seven years pass by S DAN 4 17 k6kq figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 17 j1fe figs-activepassive 0 It is a decision made by the holy ones This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The holy ones have made this decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 4 17 m2np figs-explicit 0 the holy ones This phrase probably refers to angels. Alternate translation: “the holy angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -DAN 4 17 y8ih 0 those who are alive “every living person” or “everyone” -DAN 4 17 aas5 0 gives them “gives the kingdoms” +DAN 4 17 y8ih 0 those who are alive Alternate translation: “every living person” or “everyone” +DAN 4 17 aas5 0 gives them Alternate translation: “gives the kingdoms” DAN 4 18 kjd4 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). -DAN 4 18 jr6i 0 you are able to do so “you are able to interpret it” +DAN 4 18 jr6i 0 you are able to do so Alternate translation: “you are able to interpret it” DAN 4 18 pl5q 0 the spirit of the holy gods Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. These are not the same as “the holy ones” in verse 17. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md). DAN 4 19 n8fk figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 19 u9rc figs-activepassive 0 who was also named Belteshazzar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who I also named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -265,15 +265,15 @@ DAN 4 19 kf99 0 may the dream be for those who hate you; may its interpretatio DAN 4 20 vj36 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). Many terms in this verse are almost the same as in [Daniel 4:11](../04/11.md). See how you translated that verse. DAN 4 20 x69s figs-hyperbole 0 to the heavens … to the ends of the whole earth These phrases are exaggerations to emphasize that everyone everywhere knew how great Nebuchadnezzar was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) DAN 4 21 mm9p 0 General Information: Many terms in this verse are almost the same as [Daniel 4:12](../04/12.md). See how you translated that verse. -DAN 4 21 rfj9 0 whose fruit was abundant “which bore a great amount of fruit” -DAN 4 22 uq3h 0 this tree is you, king “this tree represents you, king” +DAN 4 21 rfj9 0 whose fruit was abundant Alternate translation: “which bore a great amount of fruit” +DAN 4 22 uq3h 0 this tree is you, king Alternate translation: “this tree represents you, king” DAN 4 22 gfs2 figs-parallelism 0 Your greatness has grown … your authority reaches These two phrases mean similar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DAN 4 22 s8jt figs-personification 0 Your greatness has grown This phrase is using the word “grown” as a way of saying the king’s greatness has increased. Alternate translation: “Your greatness has increased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DAN 4 23 w9s5 figs-123person 0 General Information: This verse is almost the same as [Daniel 4:13-14](./13.md) and [Daniel 4:15-16](./15.md). See how you translated those verses. Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 23 c89t 0 the stump of its roots This is the part of the tree that is left above ground after a tree is cut down. -DAN 4 23 i27p 0 in the middle of the tender grass of the field “surrounded by the tender grass of the field” +DAN 4 23 i27p 0 in the middle of the tender grass of the field Alternate translation: “surrounded by the tender grass of the field” DAN 4 23 bx4z 0 dew the moisture that settles on the ground in the mornings -DAN 4 24 f3tz 0 that has reached you “that you have heard” +DAN 4 24 f3tz 0 that has reached you Alternate translation: “that you have heard” DAN 4 25 fd8s figs-activepassive 0 You will be driven from among men This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Men will drive you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 4 25 gq52 figs-activepassive 0 You will be made to eat grass This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will eat grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 4 26 fgn1 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) @@ -286,17 +286,17 @@ DAN 4 28 rq19 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third DAN 4 29 jn5h figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 29 ns6t translate-numbers 0 Twelve months “12 months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DAN 4 30 p8hi figs-rquestion 0 Is this not the great Babylon … for the glory of my majesty? Nebuchadnezzar asks this question to emphasize his own glory. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is the great Babylon … for the glory of my majesty!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -DAN 4 30 csl9 0 for the glory of my majesty “to show people my honor and my greatness” +DAN 4 30 csl9 0 for the glory of my majesty Alternate translation: “to show people my honor and my greatness” DAN 4 31 g7xg figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 31 fjl7 figs-idiom 0 While the words were still on the lips of the king This idiom means the king was still in the act of speaking. Alternate translation: “While the king was still speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DAN 4 31 cv67 0 a voice came from heaven “he heard a voice from heaven” +DAN 4 31 cv67 0 a voice came from heaven Alternate translation: “he heard a voice from heaven” DAN 4 31 pt4u figs-activepassive 0 King Nebuchadnezzar … has been taken away from you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 4 32 f4us figs-activepassive 0 You will be driven away from people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will chase you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 4 32 m551 0 anyone he wishes “whoever he chooses” +DAN 4 32 m551 0 anyone he wishes Alternate translation: “whoever he chooses” DAN 4 33 ydj8 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 33 xpp3 figs-activepassive 0 This decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 4 33 chd6 figs-activepassive 0 He was driven away from people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 4 33 t4b6 0 his nails became like birds’ claws “his fingernails looked like birds’ claws” +DAN 4 33 t4b6 0 his nails became like birds’ claws Alternate translation: “his fingernails looked like birds’ claws” DAN 4 34 amm1 figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 34 b17l 0 At the end of the days This refers back to the seven years in [Daniel 4:32](../04/32.md). DAN 4 34 ltf5 figs-activepassive 0 my sanity was given back to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my sanity came back to me” or “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -304,32 +304,32 @@ DAN 4 34 ucj3 figs-parallelism 0 I praised … and I honored The two phrases re DAN 4 34 nk8u figs-parallelism 0 For his reign is an everlasting reign … his kingdom endures from all generations to all generations These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize how God’s reign never ends. Alternate translation: “He rules forever and his kingdom will never end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DAN 4 35 ce6u figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 35 dgr8 figs-activepassive 0 All the earth’s inhabitants are considered by him to be as nothing This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He considers all the earth’s inhabitants as nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 4 35 cpy8 0 All the earth’s inhabitants “All the people on the earth” -DAN 4 35 p415 0 the army of heaven “the angel armies in heaven” -DAN 4 35 zpn8 0 whatever suits his will “whatever satisfies his purpose” or “anything he wants to do” +DAN 4 35 cpy8 0 All the earth’s inhabitants Alternate translation: “All the people on the earth” +DAN 4 35 p415 0 the army of heaven Alternate translation: “the angel armies in heaven” +DAN 4 35 zpn8 0 whatever suits his will Alternate translation: “whatever satisfies his purpose” or “anything he wants to do” DAN 4 35 im6k figs-explicit 0 No one can stop him It may be helpful to add additional detail. Alternate translation: “When he decides to do something, no one can stop him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 4 35 ebf8 figs-quotations 0 No one can say to him, ‘Why have you done this?’ This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “No one can question what he does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DAN 4 36 m6m5 figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) DAN 4 36 rz1d figs-personification 0 my sanity returned to me Here his sanity is spoken of as if it was able to return by its own power. Alternate translation: “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DAN 4 36 pb8a figs-personification 0 my majesty and splendor returned to me Here his majesty and splendor are spoken of as if they were able to return by their own power. Alternate translation: “I regained my majesty and my splendor again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DAN 4 36 nq38 figs-doublet 0 majesty and splendor These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -DAN 4 36 c3xy 0 my noblemen sought my favor “my noblemen requested my help again” +DAN 4 36 c3xy 0 my noblemen sought my favor Alternate translation: “my noblemen requested my help again” DAN 4 36 ks6b figs-metonymy 0 I was brought … greatness was given to me Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 4 37 zgl2 figs-doublet 0 praise, extol, and honor All three of these words have basically the same meaning and emphasize how greatly he praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 4 37 g1df figs-idiom 0 who walk in their own pride This phrase uses “walk” to refer to the person who acts proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 5 intro e9pc 0 # Daniel 5 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### The writing on the wall

God told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him.

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin
These are words in Aramaic. Daniel “transliterates” these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULT and UST they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet. DAN 5 1 cc4z translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DAN 5 1 ix8k translate-numbers 0 for a thousand “for 1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -DAN 5 1 tre4 0 he drank wine in front of “he drank wine in the presence of” +DAN 5 1 tre4 0 he drank wine in front of Alternate translation: “he drank wine in the presence of” DAN 5 2 cz6e figs-activepassive 0 the containers made of gold or silver This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 5 2 gsi3 0 containers These were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and to drink from them. DAN 5 2 lad2 figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken Here “Nebuchadnezzar” refers to Nebuchadnezzar’s army. Alternate translation: “his father Nebuchadnezzar’s army” or “the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 5 3 i1zm figs-activepassive 0 the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 5 3 msp6 0 out of the temple, the house of God “out of God’s temple.” The phrase “the house of God” tells us something more about the temple. -DAN 5 5 lkd1 0 At that moment “As soon as they did that” or “Suddenly” +DAN 5 5 lkd1 0 At that moment Alternate translation: “As soon as they did that” or “Suddenly” DAN 5 5 cra1 0 plaster cement or mud that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries DAN 5 6 jn25 0 the king’s face changed “his face became pale.” This was caused by his fear. -DAN 5 6 gbd6 0 his limbs “his legs” +DAN 5 6 gbd6 0 his limbs Alternate translation: “his legs” DAN 5 6 iee9 0 his knees were knocking together This was the result of his extreme fear. DAN 5 7 gz5c 0 those known for their wisdom in Babylon This refers back to those who claimed to speak with the dead, the wise men, and the astrologers. DAN 5 7 ybp9 figs-activepassive 0 Whoever explains this writing and its meaning will be clothed with purple and will have a gold chain around his neck This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -340,11 +340,11 @@ DAN 5 9 gla9 0 the look on his face changed “his face became even more pale. DAN 5 9 w9st 0 perplexed unable to understand, confused DAN 5 10 rw3v 0 the queen Some modern versions understand this to be a reference to the queen mother, that is, to the king’s mother. The queen mother received much honor in ancient Babylon. DAN 5 10 x55i 0 King, live forever! This was a normal way to greet the king. -DAN 5 10 zq7c 0 Do not let the look on your face change “There is no need for your face to look so pale” +DAN 5 10 zq7c 0 Do not let the look on your face change Alternate translation: “There is no need for your face to look so pale” DAN 5 11 bql4 0 the spirit of the holy gods The queen believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md). -DAN 5 11 c4n6 0 In the days of your father “When your father was ruling” +DAN 5 11 c4n6 0 In the days of your father Alternate translation: “When your father was ruling” DAN 5 11 ss1z figs-activepassive 0 light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods was found in him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 5 11 jg2l 0 King Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king “Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar” +DAN 5 11 jg2l 0 King Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king Alternate translation: “Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar” DAN 5 12 n7wa figs-activepassive 0 these qualities were found in this man Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 5 12 b8d3 figs-activepassive 0 what has been written “what has been written on the wall.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what the hand wrote on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 5 13 hn7g figs-activepassive 0 Then Daniel was brought before the king This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then they brought Daniel before the king” or “Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -352,18 +352,18 @@ DAN 5 13 sd23 figs-metonymy 0 whom my father the king brought out of Judah In t DAN 5 14 yxu5 0 the spirit of the gods Belshazzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md). DAN 5 14 y4ey figs-activepassive 0 light and understanding and excellent wisdom are found in you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 5 15 c33v figs-activepassive 0 Now the men known … have been brought in before me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Now the men known … have come in before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 5 15 u817 0 make known to me “tell me” +DAN 5 15 u817 0 make known to me Alternate translation: “tell me” DAN 5 16 u2ey figs-activepassive 0 you will be clothed with purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 5 16 iyy2 figs-explicit 0 clothed with purple Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 5 16 pud4 translate-ordinal 0 the third highest ruler “the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -DAN 5 17 evt4 0 Let your gifts be for yourself, and “I do not want your gifts, so” +DAN 5 17 evt4 0 Let your gifts be for yourself, and Alternate translation: “I do not want your gifts, so” DAN 5 19 l2ng figs-hyperbole 0 all peoples, nations, and languages This phrase uses the word “all” as a generalization that represents a large number. Alternate translation: “a great number of people, of different nations and languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) DAN 5 19 q693 figs-metonymy 0 peoples, nations, and languages Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 5 19 bqb5 figs-doublet 0 trembled and feared him These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the fear. Alternate translation: “were very afraid of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 5 19 ka6v figs-metonymy 0 He put to death those he wanted to die This phrase does not mean King Nebuchadnezzar put people to death himself, but rather those he commanded. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 5 19 t7ri 0 He raised up those he wanted “He raised up those he wanted to raise up” +DAN 5 19 t7ri 0 He raised up those he wanted Alternate translation: “He raised up those he wanted to raise up” DAN 5 19 qzi2 0 wanted … wished These words here mean the same thing. -DAN 5 19 db8z 0 he humbled those he wished “he humbled those he wished to humble” +DAN 5 19 db8z 0 he humbled those he wished Alternate translation: “he humbled those he wished to humble” DAN 5 20 zu9p figs-synecdoche 0 his heart was arrogant Here “heart” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king was arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DAN 5 20 g3wq figs-synecdoche 0 his spirit was hardened Here “spirit” refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. Alternate translation: “the king became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 5 20 w2tx 0 presumptuously rudely and overly confident @@ -371,100 +371,100 @@ DAN 5 20 nl2n figs-metonymy 0 he was brought down from his kingly throne Here DAN 5 21 sl3g figs-activepassive 0 He was driven away from humanity This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 5 21 v3b5 figs-metonymy 0 he had the mind of an animal Here “mind” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “he thought as an animal thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 5 21 amq8 0 dew the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings -DAN 5 21 m4na 0 anyone he wishes “whomever he chooses” +DAN 5 21 m4na 0 anyone he wishes Alternate translation: “whomever he chooses” DAN 5 22 z72q translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DAN 5 22 ij2g figs-synecdoche 0 have not humbled your heart Here “heart” refers to Belshazzar himself. Alternate translation: “have not humbled yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DAN 5 23 fmz3 figs-metaphor 0 You have lifted yourself up against the Lord To rebel against God is spoken of as raising oneself up against him. Alternate translation: “You have rebelled against the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 5 23 qc6h figs-explicit 0 From his house What and where “his house” is can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “From his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 5 23 kj78 figs-metonymy 0 God who holds your breath in his hand Here “breath” refers to life and “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “God who gives you breath” or “God who has control over your entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 5 23 th44 0 all your ways “everything you do” +DAN 5 23 th44 0 all your ways Alternate translation: “everything you do” DAN 5 24 i8fs figs-activepassive 0 this writing was done This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it wrote this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 5 25 rcy6 figs-activepassive 0 This is the writing that was done This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This is the message that the hand wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 5 25 ea1k translate-transliterate 0 Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Pharsin These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -DAN 5 26 tg8v 0 ‘Mene,’ ‘God has numbered “‘Mene’ means ‘God has numbered” -DAN 5 27 q5iv 0 ‘Tekel,’ ‘you are weighed “‘Tekel’ means ‘you are weighed” +DAN 5 26 tg8v 0 ‘Mene,’ ‘God has numbered Alternate translation: “‘Mene’ means ‘God has numbered” +DAN 5 27 q5iv 0 ‘Tekel,’ ‘you are weighed Alternate translation: “‘Tekel’ means ‘you are weighed” DAN 5 27 sg5z figs-metaphor 0 you are weighed in the scales and are found lacking Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 5 28 b18p 0 ‘Peres,’ ‘your kingdom “‘Peres’ means ‘your kingdom.” +DAN 5 28 b18p 0 ‘Peres,’ ‘your kingdom Alternate translation: “‘Peres’ means ‘your kingdom.” DAN 5 28 jb22 0 Peres This is the singular form of “Pharsin” in 5:25. DAN 5 28 j1p8 figs-activepassive 0 your kingdom is divided and is given to the Medes and Persians This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 5 29 j9jg translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DAN 5 29 uvj8 figs-activepassive 0 A chain of gold was put around his neck This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They put a chain of gold around his neck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 5 29 nfx6 translate-ordinal 0 the third highest ruler “the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -DAN 5 31 c2bj 0 received the kingdom “became the ruler of the kingdom” +DAN 5 31 c2bj 0 received the kingdom Alternate translation: “became the ruler of the kingdom” DAN 5 31 y1si translate-numbers 0 when he was about sixty-two years old “when he was about 62 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DAN 6 intro a1xc 0 # Daniel 6 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set the content of letters farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the letter in 6:25-27.

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in the letter in 6:26-27.

## Special concepts in this chapter
### Daniel and the lions

Daniel was thrown into the lions’ den for praying to Yahweh, but Yahweh protected him and the lions did not hurt him at all. DAN 6 1 xf5z 0 Connecting Statement: The events in this chapter take place after the Persians conquered the Babylonians and Darius the Mede began to rule in Babylon. -DAN 6 1 y6y9 0 It pleased Darius “King Darius decided” +DAN 6 1 y6y9 0 It pleased Darius Alternate translation: “King Darius decided” DAN 6 1 a1zk translate-numbers 0 120 provincial governors “one hundred and twenty provincial governors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DAN 6 2 dd8r 0 Over them The word “them” refers to the 120 provincial governors. -DAN 6 2 u9kb 0 so that the king should suffer no loss “so that nothing should be stolen from the king” or “so that no one would steal anything from the king” -DAN 6 3 ygu7 0 was distinguished above “excelled above” or “was more capable than” +DAN 6 2 u9kb 0 so that the king should suffer no loss Alternate translation: “so that nothing should be stolen from the king” or “so that no one would steal anything from the king” +DAN 6 3 ygu7 0 was distinguished above Alternate translation: “excelled above” or “was more capable than” DAN 6 3 aig7 figs-synecdoche 0 he had an extraordinary spirit Here “spirit” refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. Alternate translation: “he was and exceptional person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DAN 6 3 ef6f 0 extraordinary spirit spirit that made him do better than the others -DAN 6 3 ry6m 0 to put him over “to give him authority over” or “to put him in charge of” +DAN 6 3 ry6m 0 to put him over Alternate translation: “to give him authority over” or “to put him in charge of” DAN 6 4 ex6l figs-explicit 0 Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors … for the kingdom The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 6 4 rl5p figs-activepassive 0 No mistakes or negligence was found in him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 6 4 zn7x 0 negligence overly looking your responsibilities -DAN 6 5 ek64 0 to complain against this Daniel “to complain about Daniel” -DAN 6 6 yf8j 0 brought a plan before the king “presented a plan to the king” +DAN 6 5 ek64 0 to complain against this Daniel Alternate translation: “to complain about Daniel” +DAN 6 6 yf8j 0 brought a plan before the king Alternate translation: “presented a plan to the king” DAN 6 6 ll7v 0 may you live forever! This was a normal way to greet a king. DAN 6 7 x89h translate-numbers 0 for thirty days “for 30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -DAN 6 7 bw29 0 whoever makes a petition “whoever makes a request” +DAN 6 7 bw29 0 whoever makes a petition Alternate translation: “whoever makes a request” DAN 6 7 l2iq figs-activepassive 0 that person must be thrown into the den of lions This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 6 7 h7ip 0 den of lions This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. DAN 6 8 nj57 0 Connecting Statement: In verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king. -DAN 6 8 v5i8 0 as directed by the laws “according to the laws” -DAN 6 8 i7m4 0 cannot be repealed “cannot be canceled” -DAN 6 9 dt8k 0 making the decree into a law “making the order into a law” +DAN 6 8 v5i8 0 as directed by the laws Alternate translation: “according to the laws” +DAN 6 8 i7m4 0 cannot be repealed Alternate translation: “cannot be canceled” +DAN 6 9 dt8k 0 making the decree into a law Alternate translation: “making the order into a law” DAN 6 10 i5vv 0 When Daniel learned that the document had been signed into law It is important to the story to state clearly that Daniel knew about the new law before he prayed to God. DAN 6 10 r7ul writing-background 0 now his windows were open in his upper room toward Jerusalem This is background information that explains how Daniel’s enemies knew he was praying to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -DAN 6 10 l71q 0 gave thanks before his God “gave thanks to his God” +DAN 6 10 l71q 0 gave thanks before his God Alternate translation: “gave thanks to his God” DAN 6 11 v5n3 0 plot a plan with evil intent DAN 6 12 gwm4 0 Did you not make a decree … lions? They asked this question to make the king confirm that he had made the decree. -DAN 6 12 hjs7 0 who makes a petition “who makes a request” +DAN 6 12 hjs7 0 who makes a petition Alternate translation: “who makes a request” DAN 6 12 div1 0 den of lions This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). -DAN 6 12 zp4n 0 as directed by the law “according to the law” +DAN 6 12 zp4n 0 as directed by the law Alternate translation: “according to the law” DAN 6 13 c3ar 0 That person Daniel This is not a respectful way of referring to Daniel. They intentionally used this phrase to avoid giving Daniel the respect he was due as a chief administrator. -DAN 6 13 jia1 0 who is one of the people of the exile from Judah “who is an immagrant from Judah” +DAN 6 13 jia1 0 who is one of the people of the exile from Judah Alternate translation: “who is an immagrant from Judah” DAN 6 13 l8eb figs-idiom 0 pays no attention to you This idiom means he ignores the king. Alternate translation: “does not obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 6 14 u8lh figs-metonymy 0 he applied his mind Here “mind” refers to his thinking. Alternate translation: “he thought very hard about how” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 6 14 ts98 0 He labored This refers to mental labor, rather than to physical labor. DAN 6 15 d92j figs-explicit 0 no decree … can be changed The men were implying that since no decree or statute of the king can be changed, Daniel must be thrown into the pit of lions. This can be stated clearly if needed. Alternate translation: “no decree … can be changed. They must throw Daniel into the pit of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -DAN 6 16 zny2 0 they brought in Daniel “his soldiers went and got Daniel” +DAN 6 16 zny2 0 they brought in Daniel Alternate translation: “his soldiers went and got Daniel” DAN 6 16 q3wc 0 lions’ den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). DAN 6 16 a268 0 May your God … rescue you The king is expressing his desire for God to save Daniel. -DAN 6 16 jd6x 0 rescue you “save you from the lions” +DAN 6 16 jd6x 0 rescue you Alternate translation: “save you from the lions” DAN 6 17 szf5 0 den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). DAN 6 17 xjj7 figs-explicit 0 the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles … concerning Daniel The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. Alternate translation: “the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -DAN 6 17 p5t2 0 nothing might be changed concerning Daniel “no one could help Daniel” +DAN 6 17 p5t2 0 nothing might be changed concerning Daniel Alternate translation: “no one could help Daniel” DAN 6 18 un1j translate-symaction 0 he went through the night fasting This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) DAN 6 18 a3xd figs-activepassive 0 No entertainment was brought before him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He did not have anyone entertain him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 6 18 sb8r figs-personification 0 sleep fled from him Sleep is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. Alternate translation: “he did not sleep at all that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DAN 6 19 e2wc 0 lions’ den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). DAN 6 22 qn4t figs-activepassive 0 For I was found blameless This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He knows that I have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 6 22 ssq6 0 I have done you no harm “I have not harmed you at all” +DAN 6 22 ssq6 0 I have done you no harm Alternate translation: “I have not harmed you at all” DAN 6 23 r1eg 0 den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). DAN 6 23 qf7q figs-activepassive 0 No harm was found on him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They did not find any wounds on Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 6 24 qwh3 0 Before they reached the floor “Before they reached the floor of the lions’ den” -DAN 6 24 r63c 0 broke all their bones to pieces “crushed their bones” +DAN 6 24 qwh3 0 Before they reached the floor Alternate translation: “Before they reached the floor of the lions’ den” +DAN 6 24 r63c 0 broke all their bones to pieces Alternate translation: “crushed their bones” DAN 6 25 ty2g figs-metonymy 0 peoples, nations, and languages Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who spoke different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 6 25 rl1d figs-hyperbole 0 in all the earth King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says “all the earth” as a generalization to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. Alternate translation: “in his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) DAN 6 25 zkz8 0 May peace increase for you This is a form of greeting that is used to wish someone well in all areas of life. DAN 6 26 m5v6 0 Connecting Statement: This continues to state the message that Darius sent to everyone in his kingdom. DAN 6 26 n6v5 figs-doublet 0 tremble and fear These two words are similar and can be combined. Alternate translation: “shake with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -DAN 6 26 s8va 0 the God of Daniel “the God that Daniel worships” +DAN 6 26 s8va 0 the God of Daniel Alternate translation: “the God that Daniel worships” DAN 6 26 ma86 figs-parallelism 0 he is the living God and lives forever The two phrases “the living God” and “lives forever” express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DAN 6 26 xw4k figs-parallelism 0 his kingdom shall … his dominion shall These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God’s kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DAN 6 26 s6yl figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom shall not be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will destroy his kingdom” or “his kingdom will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 6 26 fcy1 0 his dominion shall be to the end “he will rule forever” -DAN 6 27 bld2 0 he has kept Daniel safe from the strength of the lions “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel” +DAN 6 26 fcy1 0 his dominion shall be to the end Alternate translation: “he will rule forever” +DAN 6 27 bld2 0 he has kept Daniel safe from the strength of the lions Alternate translation: “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel” DAN 6 28 a5br 0 during the reign of Darius and during the reign of Cyrus the Persian Cyrus the Persian was the king who ruled after Darius. DAN 7 intro e18x 0 # Daniel 7 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27.

## Special concepts in this chapter
### The four beasts

There will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])

### The Son of Man

God will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) DAN 7 1 cw4a writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) DAN 7 1 dme8 0 Belshazzar This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar’s son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). DAN 7 1 xdv1 figs-doublet 0 a dream and visions The words “dream” and “visions” both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: “visions while he was dreaming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -DAN 7 2 mjk7 0 the four winds of heaven “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions” -DAN 7 2 b48l 0 stirring up “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in” +DAN 7 2 mjk7 0 the four winds of heaven Alternate translation: “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions” +DAN 7 2 b48l 0 stirring up Alternate translation: “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in” DAN 7 4 z5hd writing-symlanguage 0 The first was like a lion but had eagle’s wings This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) DAN 7 4 a7n9 figs-activepassive 0 its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 7 4 y6v7 figs-metonymy 0 The mind of a man was given to it Here “mind” refers to thinking. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -473,10 +473,10 @@ DAN 7 5 i32b 0 ribs large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine DAN 7 5 c38p figs-activepassive 0 It was told This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 7 6 fl2z writing-symlanguage 0 another animal, one that looked like a leopard This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) DAN 7 6 h4ia writing-symlanguage 0 four wings … four heads The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -DAN 7 6 y1jd 0 it had four heads “the animal had four heads” +DAN 7 6 y1jd 0 it had four heads Alternate translation: “the animal had four heads” DAN 7 6 jpn1 figs-activepassive 0 It was given authority to rule This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 7 7 g1aj writing-symlanguage 0 a fourth animal … it had ten horns This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -DAN 7 7 w7ww 0 trampled underfoot “walked on and crushed” +DAN 7 7 w7ww 0 trampled underfoot Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed” DAN 7 8 yr9d 0 General Information: Daniel continues to describe his vision of the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). DAN 7 8 j87p figs-metonymy 0 the horns Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 7 8 ga8d figs-activepassive 0 Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ DAN 7 9 rc8y 0 took his seat … His clothing … the hair of his head This pa DAN 7 9 crh4 figs-idiom 0 took his seat This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: “sat down on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 7 9 imw8 0 His clothing was as white as snow His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. Alternate translation: “His clothing was very white” DAN 7 9 d5if figs-simile 0 the hair of his head was like pure wool Something about God’s hair looked like pure wool. This could mean: (1) it was very white or (2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -DAN 7 9 jf7e 0 pure wool “clean wool” or “wool that is washed” +DAN 7 9 jf7e 0 pure wool Alternate translation: “clean wool” or “wool that is washed” DAN 7 9 c4le 0 His throne was flames … its wheels were burning fire This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words “flames” and “burning fire” mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way. DAN 7 9 lhh4 0 its wheels It is unclear why God’s throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for “wheels” if possible. DAN 7 10 eu94 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ DAN 7 12 dj5p figs-activepassive 0 their authority to rule was taken away This DAN 7 12 ru76 figs-activepassive 0 their lives were prolonged for a period of time This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they continued to live for a period of time” or “the judge let them live a little longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 7 13 lvf2 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DAN 7 13 j5t6 figs-simile 0 I saw one coming … like a son of man The person that Daniel saw was not a normal man, but had a human figure like a man. “I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -DAN 7 13 n5qi 0 with the clouds of heaven “with the clouds of the sky” +DAN 7 13 n5qi 0 with the clouds of heaven Alternate translation: “with the clouds of the sky” DAN 7 13 ln6w 0 the Ancient of Days This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md) DAN 7 13 pjn2 figs-activepassive 0 was presented before him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days” or “he stood before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 7 14 ai49 figs-activepassive 0 Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -518,19 +518,19 @@ DAN 7 14 sl8k figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed This can be sta DAN 7 15 xt3d figs-parallelism 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me … the visions I saw in my mind troubled me These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DAN 7 15 g5s3 figs-synecdoche 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me Here “my spirit” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “I was very sad inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DAN 7 16 z2w1 0 one of them standing there This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. This could mean: (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven. -DAN 7 16 fhe1 0 to show me “to tell me” or “to explain to me” -DAN 7 16 x45a 0 these things “the things I had seen” -DAN 7 17 mw57 0 These large animals, four in number, “These four large animals” -DAN 7 17 s2iv 0 are four kings “represent four kings” +DAN 7 16 fhe1 0 to show me Alternate translation: “to tell me” or “to explain to me” +DAN 7 16 x45a 0 these things Alternate translation: “the things I had seen” +DAN 7 17 mw57 0 These large animals, four in number, Alternate translation: “These four large animals” +DAN 7 17 s2iv 0 are four kings Alternate translation: “represent four kings” DAN 7 17 e2vw figs-idiom 0 four kings that will arise from the earth Here “from the earth” means they are real people. Alternate translation: “four kings who will come to power on the earth” or “four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DAN 7 18 tz29 0 they will possess it “they will rule over it” +DAN 7 18 tz29 0 they will possess it Alternate translation: “they will rule over it” DAN 7 18 x83s figs-doublet 0 forever and ever This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -DAN 7 19 qj78 0 very horrifying “very frightening” -DAN 7 19 fq88 0 trampled on “walked on and crushed” -DAN 7 20 e5t1 0 the ten horns on its head “the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal” -DAN 7 20 vi4r 0 grew up, and before which the three horns fell down “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it” or “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it” +DAN 7 19 qj78 0 very horrifying Alternate translation: “very frightening” +DAN 7 19 fq88 0 trampled on Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed” +DAN 7 20 e5t1 0 the ten horns on its head Alternate translation: “the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal” +DAN 7 20 vi4r 0 grew up, and before which the three horns fell down Alternate translation: “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it” or “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it” DAN 7 20 vjs9 figs-euphemism 0 before which the three horns fell down Here “fell down” is a euphemism that means they were destroyed.” Alternate translation: “which destroyed the three horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -DAN 7 20 frj1 0 the mouth that boasted “its mouth that boasted” or “the mouth of the new horn, that boasted” +DAN 7 20 frj1 0 the mouth that boasted Alternate translation: “its mouth that boasted” or “the mouth of the new horn, that boasted” DAN 7 20 f425 0 that seemed greater than its companions the horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns DAN 7 21 xcl9 0 this horn “this fourth horn.” This refers to the horn that is described in [Daniel 7:20](../07/20.md). DAN 7 22 pxx4 figs-activepassive 0 until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -538,23 +538,23 @@ DAN 7 22 dui7 0 Ancient of Days This is a title for God that emphasizes that h DAN 7 22 em4n figs-activepassive 0 the holy people received the kingdom This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave his kingdom to his holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 7 23 ec9x writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) DAN 7 23 mv4h 0 This is what that person said This is the person that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:16](../07/16.md). -DAN 7 23 p7zf 0 that person said “that person answered” -DAN 7 23 lqc9 0 As for the fourth animal “Concerning the fourth animal” or “Now, about the fourth animal” +DAN 7 23 p7zf 0 that person said Alternate translation: “that person answered” +DAN 7 23 lqc9 0 As for the fourth animal Alternate translation: “Concerning the fourth animal” or “Now, about the fourth animal” DAN 7 23 t6ga figs-metaphor 0 It will devour … it into pieces This does not mean the fourth kingdom will destroy the planet, but that it will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -DAN 7 24 x4nc 0 As for the ten horns “Concerning the ten horns” or “Now, about the ten horns” +DAN 7 24 x4nc 0 As for the ten horns Alternate translation: “Concerning the ten horns” or “Now, about the ten horns” DAN 7 24 cn9p figs-explicit 0 out of this kingdom ten kings will arise They will rule one after the other. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 7 24 iw64 figs-explicit 0 another will arise after them This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as “the eleventh king.” Alternate translation: “after that an eleventh king will become powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -DAN 7 24 qun4 0 He will be different from the previous ones “He will be different from the other ten kings” +DAN 7 24 qun4 0 He will be different from the previous ones Alternate translation: “He will be different from the other ten kings” DAN 7 24 x7hx figs-explicit 0 he will conquer the three kings He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. Alternate translation: “he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 7 25 w3b9 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: The man in Daniel’s vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) DAN 7 25 xih7 figs-idiom 0 He will speak words against the Most High This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 7 25 ce61 0 He will try … into his hand The words “He” and “his” refer to the newest king, not the Most High. -DAN 7 25 nt2f 0 the holy people “God’s holy people” +DAN 7 25 nt2f 0 the holy people Alternate translation: “God’s holy people” DAN 7 25 w16z 0 change the festivals and the law Both terms refer to the law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament. DAN 7 25 hn8p figs-metonymy 0 These things will be given into his hand Here “his hand” refers to his control. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 7 25 dnu4 0 one year, two years, and half a year This means “three and half years.” This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. Alternate translation: “one year plus two years plus six months” DAN 7 26 is1x 0 the court will be in session This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “the judge will judge” or “The judge will sit down” -DAN 7 26 iln2 0 they will take his royal power away “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king” +DAN 7 26 iln2 0 they will take his royal power away Alternate translation: “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king” DAN 7 26 j3ya 0 royal power This, here, refers to “authority.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](../07/14.md). DAN 7 26 plf7 figs-activepassive 0 to be consumed and destroyed at the end This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 7 27 dj39 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: The man in Daniel’s vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) @@ -562,10 +562,10 @@ DAN 7 27 hh11 figs-activepassive 0 The kingdom and the dominion … will be giv DAN 7 27 c6lf figs-doublet 0 The kingdom and the dominion These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 7 27 p5c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the greatness of the kingdoms The abstract noun “greatness” can be translated with the adjective “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DAN 7 27 ry7e figs-idiom 0 of the kingdoms under the whole heaven The idiom “under the whole heaven” refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: “of all the kingdoms on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DAN 7 27 eti4 0 His kingdom “The kingdom of the Most High” -DAN 7 27 t3ct 0 an everlasting kingdom “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end” +DAN 7 27 eti4 0 His kingdom Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the Most High” +DAN 7 27 t3ct 0 an everlasting kingdom Alternate translation: “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end” DAN 7 28 v6mq 0 Here is the end of the matter This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. Alternate translation: “That is what I saw in my vision” or “This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision” -DAN 7 28 am3a 0 my face changed in appearance “my face became pale” +DAN 7 28 am3a 0 my face changed in appearance Alternate translation: “my face became pale” DAN 8 intro cbk6 0 # Daniel 8 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### The vision of the ram and the male goat

Although specific interpretation of this vision is not given, most scholars believe Daniel saw Greece overthrowing Media-Persia before breaking up into four kingdoms. One of these kingdoms stopped the temple worship for a while and then it was restored. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) DAN 8 1 rft5 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) DAN 8 1 b6kb translate-ordinal 0 In the third year “In year three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) @@ -575,18 +575,18 @@ DAN 8 2 t4xy 0 fortress a walled city that was guarded and protected DAN 8 2 m8kv translate-names 0 Susa … Elam … Ulai Canal These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DAN 8 2 jfs1 0 Canal A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. DAN 8 3 kh4s writing-symlanguage 0 a ram with two horns It is normal for rams to have two horns. These horns, however, have symbolic meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -DAN 8 3 buj1 0 but the longer … passed up in length by it “but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it” -DAN 8 4 wrr2 0 I saw the ram charging “I saw the ram rushing” or “I saw the ram running very quickly” +DAN 8 3 buj1 0 but the longer … passed up in length by it Alternate translation: “but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it” +DAN 8 4 wrr2 0 I saw the ram charging Alternate translation: “I saw the ram rushing” or “I saw the ram running very quickly” DAN 8 4 s49e figs-metonymy 0 to rescue anyone out of his hand Rams do not have hands. Here “hand” refers to the ram’s power. Alternate translation: “to rescue anyone from him” or “to rescue anyone from his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 8 5 npd3 figs-hyperbole 0 across the surface of the whole earth The phrase “the whole earth” is an exaggeration that means he came from far away. Alternate translation: “from far away across the surface of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) DAN 8 5 jv2j figs-explicit 0 The goat had a large horn between his eyes Goats have two horns on the sides of their heads. This image should be explained. Alternate translation: “The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -DAN 8 6 ith5 0 in a powerful rage “and it was very angry” +DAN 8 6 ith5 0 in a powerful rage Alternate translation: “and it was very angry” DAN 8 7 u36k 0 trampled to crush something by stepping on it -DAN 8 7 hh82 0 the ram from his power “the ram from the goat because of his power” -DAN 8 8 kr6f 0 the goat became very large “the goat became very large and strong” +DAN 8 7 hh82 0 the ram from his power Alternate translation: “the ram from the goat because of his power” +DAN 8 8 kr6f 0 the goat became very large Alternate translation: “the goat became very large and strong” DAN 8 8 pt9j figs-activepassive 0 the large horn was broken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “something broke off the large horn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 8 8 z9lm figs-idiom 0 toward the four winds of the heavens Here “the four winds of heaven” is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. Alternate translation: “in four different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DAN 8 9 ys25 0 but which became very large “but it became very large” +DAN 8 9 ys25 0 but which became very large Alternate translation: “but it became very large” DAN 8 9 i3jg 0 in the south, in the east, and in the land of beauty This probably means it pointed in those directions. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “and pointed toward the south and then toward the east and then toward the beautiful land of Israel” DAN 8 9 umn2 figs-idiom 0 the land of beauty This is a reference to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 8 10 pkh2 figs-personification 0 It became so large as to engage in war Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -598,32 +598,32 @@ DAN 8 11 r2zz figs-explicit 0 the commander of the army This refers to God hims DAN 8 11 i4px 0 It took away from him the regular burnt offering Here “took away” means the horn stopped the offering. Here “him” refers to God, the commander of the army. Alternate translation: “It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him” DAN 8 11 c2s4 figs-activepassive 0 the place of his sanctuary was polluted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it defiled his sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 8 12 y31h figs-metaphor 0 The horn will throw truth down to the ground The horn ignoring truth and godliness is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. Alternate translation: “The horn will reject the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -DAN 8 13 lj18 0 holy one “angel” -DAN 8 13 b9yz 0 the handing over of the sanctuary “the surrender of the sanctuary” +DAN 8 13 lj18 0 holy one Alternate translation: “angel” +DAN 8 13 b9yz 0 the handing over of the sanctuary Alternate translation: “the surrender of the sanctuary” DAN 8 13 xj3i figs-activepassive 0 heaven’s army being trampled on This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the horn trampling on heaven’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 8 14 ed38 translate-numbers 0 2,300 evenings and mornings “Two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings.” Here “evenings and mornings” is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. Alternate translation: “2,300 sunsets and sunrises” or “2,300 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -DAN 8 14 j3q3 0 the sanctuary will be put right “the temple will be purified and set in order again” +DAN 8 14 j3q3 0 the sanctuary will be put right Alternate translation: “the temple will be purified and set in order again” DAN 8 16 h4dz figs-synecdoche 0 a man’s voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal Here a man is being referred to by his voice. Alternate translation: “a man calling from the Ulai Canal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DAN 8 16 c8qg 0 Ulai Canal A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 8:2](../08/02.md). DAN 8 17 c9ys translate-symaction 0 prostrated myself on the ground This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) DAN 8 17 v6y5 0 the time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the world.” This does not refer to the final moment in time, but rather to the events that will happen immediately before the end. DAN 8 18 c89u 0 a deep sleep This is a type of sleep when someone is sleeping heavily and does not wake up easily. DAN 8 19 v9et figs-explicit 0 the time of wrath This refers to the time when God will judge. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the time when God judges in anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -DAN 8 19 zif5 0 the appointed time for the end “the time when the world will end” +DAN 8 19 zif5 0 the appointed time for the end Alternate translation: “the time when the world will end” DAN 8 20 bi9v writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -DAN 8 20 zfr2 0 two horns—they are “two horns—they represent” +DAN 8 20 zfr2 0 two horns—they are Alternate translation: “two horns—they represent” DAN 8 20 k8n7 figs-metonymy 0 the kings of Media and Persia This could mean: (1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or (2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 8 21 j9y9 figs-metonymy 0 the king of Greece This could mean: (1) this refers to the king of Greece or (2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 8 21 h37i 0 The large horn between his eyes is “The large horn between his eyes represents” +DAN 8 21 h37i 0 The large horn between his eyes is Alternate translation: “The large horn between his eyes represents” DAN 8 22 j764 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -DAN 8 22 qtr7 0 As for the horn that was broken … four others arose “Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose” +DAN 8 22 qtr7 0 As for the horn that was broken … four others arose Alternate translation: “Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose” DAN 8 22 c6qn figs-explicit 0 four kingdoms will arise from his nation The four horns represent the four new kingdoms. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -DAN 8 22 z39i 0 but not with his great power “but they will not have as much power as the king represented by the large horn” -DAN 8 23 gk83 0 At the latter time of those kingdoms “As those kingdoms approach their end” -DAN 8 23 t2i5 0 shall have reached their limit “have reached their full” or “have run their course” +DAN 8 22 z39i 0 but not with his great power Alternate translation: “but they will not have as much power as the king represented by the large horn” +DAN 8 23 gk83 0 At the latter time of those kingdoms Alternate translation: “As those kingdoms approach their end” +DAN 8 23 t2i5 0 shall have reached their limit Alternate translation: “have reached their full” or “have run their course” DAN 8 23 x2ku 0 grim-faced This means someone who looks defiant, or like he will refuse to obey. DAN 8 24 fm5e writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) -DAN 8 24 ue1c 0 but not by his own power “but someone else will give him his power” +DAN 8 24 ue1c 0 but not by his own power Alternate translation: “but someone else will give him his power” DAN 8 25 yq8r figs-personification 0 he will make deceit prosper Here “deceit” is spoken of as if it is a person who will prosper. Alternate translation: “the amount of deception will increase” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DAN 8 25 u9tg figs-metonymy 0 under his hand Here “hand” refers to his rule. Alternate translation: “under his rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 8 25 f6qi 0 King of kings This refers to God. @@ -631,22 +631,22 @@ DAN 8 25 asi1 figs-metonymy 0 he will be broken Here “he” refers to his pow DAN 8 25 cxx3 figs-metonymy 0 not by any human hand Here “hand” refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “not by any human power” or “by divine power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 8 26 cp6e 0 General Information: The angel continues to instruct Daniel about the visions that Daniel saw. DAN 8 26 cer6 figs-metaphor 0 seal up the vision The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. Alternate translation: “close and seal up what you have written about the vision” or “do not tell anyone about the vision now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -DAN 8 27 us1l 0 was overcome and lay weak for several days “was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days” -DAN 8 27 c42h 0 went about the king’s business “did the work that the king had assigned to me” -DAN 8 27 v7gd 0 I was appalled by the vision “I was dismayed by the vision” or “I was very confused by the vision” +DAN 8 27 us1l 0 was overcome and lay weak for several days Alternate translation: “was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days” +DAN 8 27 c42h 0 went about the king’s business Alternate translation: “did the work that the king had assigned to me” +DAN 8 27 v7gd 0 I was appalled by the vision Alternate translation: “I was dismayed by the vision” or “I was very confused by the vision” DAN 9 intro sz7n 0 # Daniel 9 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### Daniel told the future
Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])

### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26

This passage uses the expressions “seventy sevens of years,” “seven sevens and sixty-two sevens,” and “sixty-two sevens of years” to denote ““490 years,” “49 years and then 434 years,” and “434 years,” respectively. The original language uses the idea of a “week” to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers. DAN 9 1 a2ic 0 General Information: Chapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6. DAN 9 1 lvl3 writing-background 0 It was Ahasuerus who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UST places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DAN 9 1 y3g6 figs-activepassive 0 who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who became king over the realm of the Babylonians” or “who conquered the Babylonians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 9 1 m6bc 0 over the realm “over the country” or “over the kingdom” +DAN 9 1 m6bc 0 over the realm Alternate translation: “over the country” or “over the kingdom” DAN 9 2 h1p2 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. DAN 9 2 y2g1 translate-numbers 0 there would be seventy years until Jerusalem’s abandonment would end “from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DAN 9 2 zrc4 0 abandonment this means no one would help or rebuild Jerusalem during that time DAN 9 3 xi1v figs-metonymy 0 I turned my face to the Lord God Here “face” represents Daniel’s attention. Alternate translation: “I focused my attention on the Lord God” or “I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 9 3 v1yi figs-metaphor 0 to seek him Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 9 3 ni5z translate-symaction 0 fasting, wearing sackcloth, and sitting in ashes These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -DAN 9 4 waz8 0 I made confession of our sins “I confessed our sins” -DAN 9 4 q4bd 0 you are the one who keeps the covenant and is faithful to love those “you do what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those” +DAN 9 4 waz8 0 I made confession of our sins Alternate translation: “I confessed our sins” +DAN 9 4 q4bd 0 you are the one who keeps the covenant and is faithful to love those Alternate translation: “you do what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those” DAN 9 5 wju1 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. DAN 9 5 bz6l figs-parallelism 0 We have sinned and have done what is wrong These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DAN 9 5 ie62 figs-parallelism 0 We have acted wickedly and we have rebelled These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ DAN 9 7 fy69 figs-metaphor 0 To you, Lord, belongs righteousness Being righteou DAN 9 7 x7i6 figs-metaphor 0 To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people Being ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that belongs to people. The abstract noun “shame” can be stated as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DAN 9 7 k8fa figs-exclusive 0 To us today The word “us” includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) DAN 9 7 kk5y figs-idiom 0 belongs shame on our faces This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DAN 9 7 u1gy 0 because of the great treachery that we committed against you “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you” +DAN 9 7 u1gy 0 because of the great treachery that we committed against you Alternate translation: “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you” DAN 9 9 yg1d 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. DAN 9 9 vqm3 figs-metaphor 0 To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: “The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 9 10 kf4g figs-metonymy 0 We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -672,33 +672,33 @@ DAN 9 12 l46l figs-activepassive 0 there has not been done anything “nothing DAN 9 12 vbx2 figs-activepassive 0 what has been done to Jerusalem This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 9 13 c1fb figs-activepassive 0 As it is written in the law of Moses This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “As Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 9 13 sk3z figs-idiom 0 turning away from our iniquities Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. Alternate translation: “stopping our evil actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DAN 9 14 dxb5 0 Yahweh has kept the disaster ready “Yahweh has prepared this disaster” +DAN 9 14 dxb5 0 Yahweh has kept the disaster ready Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared this disaster” DAN 9 14 up2a figs-metonymy 0 we have not obeyed his voice Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “we have not done what he told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 9 15 wi6x figs-metonymy 0 with a mighty hand Here “mighty hand” is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: “with great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 9 15 k82d 0 you have made a famous name for yourself, as in this present day “you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today” +DAN 9 15 k82d 0 you have made a famous name for yourself, as in this present day Alternate translation: “you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today” DAN 9 15 u2zs figs-parallelism 0 still we sinned; we have done wicked things These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DAN 9 15 h9ad figs-exclusive 0 we sinned; we have done wicked things Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, but “we” does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) DAN 9 16 zd1k figs-doublet 0 your anger and your wrath The words “anger” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how terrible God’s anger is when he acts on it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 9 16 g4t8 0 your holy mountain This mountain may be holy because God’s temple is there. Alternate translation: “the mountain where your holy temple is” DAN 9 16 t4wb figs-exclusive 0 our sins … our ancestors Here “our” refers to Daniel and Israel, but not to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -DAN 9 16 qcc3 0 an object of scorn “a target of disrespect” +DAN 9 16 qcc3 0 an object of scorn Alternate translation: “a target of disrespect” DAN 9 17 e6hv 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment”, but it is a way to show that the next phase in Daniel’s prayer is about to start. DAN 9 17 u437 figs-123person 0 your servant … his pleas for mercy The words “your servant” and “his” here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -DAN 9 17 ndy1 0 pleas for mercy “requests for mercy” +DAN 9 17 ndy1 0 pleas for mercy Alternate translation: “requests for mercy” DAN 9 17 a4vq figs-metaphor 0 make your face shine on The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably as if Yahweh’s face shone a light. Alternate translation: “act kindly toward” or “act with favor toward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 9 17 b52l 0 your sanctuary This refers to the temple in Jerusalem. DAN 9 18 sv8a figs-idiom 0 open your ears and listen To “open the ears” is an idiom that means to listen. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel’s desire for God to listen to his prayer. Alternate translation: “please listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 9 18 jqa4 figs-idiom 0 open your eyes and see To “open the eyes” is an idiom that means to see. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel’s desire for God to pay attention to his prayer. Alternate translation: “notice us” or “pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 9 18 gw8i figs-metonymy 0 is called by your name Here “name” represents ownership. Alternate translation: “is your city” or “belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 9 19 y5zw 0 do not delay This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “act quickly” -DAN 9 20 n3ma 0 my people Israel “the people of Israel to whom I belong” +DAN 9 20 n3ma 0 my people Israel Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to whom I belong” DAN 9 21 tmu9 figs-explicit 0 the man Gabriel This is the same angel Gabriel who appeared in the form of a man in [Daniel 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: “Gabriel, who appeared as a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 9 21 m9dw 0 in the vision at the first This may refer to the first vision that Daniel had while he was awake. Alternate translation: “in the previous vision” or “in the vision I saw before” or “in a vision before” -DAN 9 21 ud8s 0 flew down to me in rapid flight “flew down to me quickly” +DAN 9 21 ud8s 0 flew down to me in rapid flight Alternate translation: “flew down to me quickly” DAN 9 21 i2as 0 at the time of the evening sacrifice The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun went down. DAN 9 22 i4uk figs-doublet 0 insight and understanding The words “insight” and “understanding” mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 9 23 bj8w figs-activepassive 0 the order was given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave the order” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 9 23 ke8t 0 consider this word “think about this message” +DAN 9 23 ke8t 0 consider this word Alternate translation: “think about this message” DAN 9 23 dn8d 0 the revelation This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:2](../09/02.md). DAN 9 24 tn7g 0 Seventy sevens are decreed for your people and your holy city to God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the holy city. DAN 9 24 x7sx 0 Seventy sevens This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: “Seventy times seven years” @@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ DAN 9 25 cc6s translate-symaction 0 the anointed one Anointing is a symbolic ac DAN 9 25 mg6r 0 seven sevens … and sixty-two sevens These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24. DAN 9 25 tg7z figs-activepassive 0 Jerusalem will be rebuilt This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 9 25 gs6w 0 moat a deep ditch around a city or building, usually with water in it -DAN 9 25 q3nq 0 the times of distress “a time of great trouble” +DAN 9 25 q3nq 0 the times of distress Alternate translation: “a time of great trouble” DAN 9 26 t9v5 0 sixty-two sevens This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “sixty-two times seven” DAN 9 26 pru6 figs-activepassive 0 the anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 9 26 nzv4 0 the anointed one Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses” @@ -721,21 +721,21 @@ DAN 9 26 hpa8 figs-metaphor 0 Its end will come with a flood The army will dest DAN 9 26 ite5 figs-activepassive 0 Desolations have been decreed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary” or “God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 9 27 a45k 0 He will … he will This refers to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one. DAN 9 27 zqk4 0 one seven … In the middle of the seven Here “seven” is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: “seven years … Halfway through the seven years” -DAN 9 27 rr1b 0 put an end to “stop” or “halt” +DAN 9 27 rr1b 0 put an end to Alternate translation: “stop” or “halt” DAN 9 27 jsh2 figs-doublet 0 the sacrifice and the offering These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. Alternate translation: “all forms of sacrificing” or “every type of offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 9 27 e962 figs-metonymy 0 the wing of abominations This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called “abominations” because they are full of idols. Alternate translation: “the walls of the temple that are full of abominations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 9 27 l267 0 someone who makes desolate “a person who completely destroys” +DAN 9 27 l267 0 someone who makes desolate Alternate translation: “a person who completely destroys” DAN 9 27 i8lk figs-activepassive 0 A full end and destruction are decreed to be poured out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has decreed that he will pour out a full end and destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 9 27 x6c9 figs-doublet 0 A full end and destruction These two words or expressions are basically the same. They emphasize how serious and complete the destruction will be. Alternate translation: “Complete destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -DAN 9 27 t53m 0 the one who has made the desolation “the person who caused the destruction” +DAN 9 27 t53m 0 the one who has made the desolation Alternate translation: “the person who caused the destruction” DAN 10 intro rcw2 0 # Daniel 10 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) DAN 10 1 if3j translate-ordinal 0 the third year of Cyrus king of Persia “year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DAN 10 1 mci4 figs-activepassive 0 a message was revealed to Daniel This can also be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God revealed a message to Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 10 1 vf8c 0 insight the ability to understand more than what can be seen DAN 10 3 xqe9 0 delicacies These are expensive or rare kinds of food. Alternate translation: “fancy foods” -DAN 10 3 af3y 0 until the completion of three entire weeks “until the end of three entire weeks” +DAN 10 3 af3y 0 until the completion of three entire weeks Alternate translation: “until the end of three entire weeks” DAN 10 4 s7nc translate-hebrewmonths 0 On the twenty-fourth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -DAN 10 5 p8b1 0 with a belt around his waist “and he was wearing a belt” +DAN 10 5 p8b1 0 with a belt around his waist Alternate translation: “and he was wearing a belt” DAN 10 5 q62t translate-names 0 Uphaz Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DAN 10 6 pv61 figs-simile 0 His body was like topaz His body gleamed with blue or yellow light as if it were made of topaz. Alternate translation: “his body gleamed like topaz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DAN 10 6 yce2 0 topaz a blue or yellow gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite @@ -751,11 +751,11 @@ DAN 10 9 kc4l figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face in deep sleep Possible meanings ar DAN 10 10 q7sg figs-synecdoche 0 A hand touched me Here a person’s hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md). Alternate translation: “Someone touched me with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DAN 10 11 uuf2 figs-activepassive 0 Daniel, man greatly treasured This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 10 11 r2td 0 greatly treasured much valued and loved -DAN 10 12 xbp6 0 you set your mind to understand “you determined to understand the vision” +DAN 10 12 xbp6 0 you set your mind to understand Alternate translation: “you determined to understand the vision” DAN 10 12 n99a figs-activepassive 0 your words were heard This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God heard your words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 10 13 qc85 0 prince Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. Alternate translation: “spirit prince” DAN 10 13 rag2 0 the kings of Persia This probably refers to the various kings who ruled over nations in the Persian Empire, and who had to obey the king of Persia. -DAN 10 13 as4y 0 Michael, one of the chief princes “Michael, on of the chief angels” or “Michael, one of the archangels” +DAN 10 13 as4y 0 Michael, one of the chief princes Alternate translation: “Michael, on of the chief angels” or “Michael, one of the archangels” DAN 10 14 b23e 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel. DAN 10 15 lq7d 0 I turned my face toward the ground “I looked at the ground.” Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid. DAN 10 16 dt5j 0 One who was like the sons of man This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. Alternate translation: “This one, who looked like a human” @@ -763,24 +763,24 @@ DAN 10 16 wv9e figs-idiom 0 like the sons of man Here this expression refers to DAN 10 16 na7s 0 agony severe emotional suffering DAN 10 17 t4pn figs-rquestion 0 I am your servant. How can I talk with my master? Daniel asks this question meaning that he cannot speak to the angel because he is not the angel’s equal. These sentences can be combined. Alternate translation: “I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DAN 10 17 by59 figs-idiom 0 there is no breath left in me This idiom refers to breathing. Alternate translation: “I cannot breathe” or “it’s very hard to breathe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DAN 10 18 wh3x 0 the one with an appearance of a man “the one who looked like a human” +DAN 10 18 wh3x 0 the one with an appearance of a man Alternate translation: “the one who looked like a human” DAN 10 19 j55a 0 Be strong now, be strong The words “be strong” are repeated for emphasis. DAN 10 19 w36n figs-activepassive 0 man greatly treasured This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 10 19 u5hy figs-activepassive 0 I was strengthened This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 10 20 tku1 0 the prince of Persia Here “prince” refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: “the spirit prince of Persia” DAN 10 21 k4rh figs-explicit 0 But I will tell you This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. Alternate translation: “But first I will tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 10 21 gx6a figs-activepassive 0 what is written in the Book of Truth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what the Book of Truth says” or “what someone wrote in the Book of Truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 10 21 f6mz 0 who shows himself to be strong “who proves himself to be strong” -DAN 10 21 x9us 0 There is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince “Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them” or “Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them” +DAN 10 21 f6mz 0 who shows himself to be strong Alternate translation: “who proves himself to be strong” +DAN 10 21 x9us 0 There is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince Alternate translation: “Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them” or “Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them” DAN 10 21 t5rl figs-you 0 Michael your prince The word “your” is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Michael, the prince of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DAN 10 21 p2z5 0 Michael your prince “Michael your guardian angel.” Translate “prince” when it refers to Michael as you did [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). DAN 11 intro ee96 0 # Daniel 11 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

The final prophecy continues in this chapter. The kings of the North and of the South will fight many wars against each other. The king of the South is probably a reference to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) DAN 11 1 iik8 0 General Information: In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth. This is as he said he would do in [Daniel 10:21](../10/21.md). DAN 11 1 rm8a figs-explicit 0 In the first year of Darius Darius was the King of the Medes. “The first year” refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate translation: “In the first year of the reign of Darius” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -DAN 11 2 eq9g 0 Three kings will arise in Persia “Three kings will rule over Persia” +DAN 11 2 eq9g 0 Three kings will arise in Persia Alternate translation: “Three kings will rule over Persia” DAN 11 2 ed2c translate-ordinal 0 a fourth will be far richer than all the others “after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DAN 11 2 dk4x 0 power This could mean: (1) authority or (2) military power. -DAN 11 2 e62r 0 he will stir up everyone “he will cause everyone to want to fight” +DAN 11 2 e62r 0 he will stir up everyone Alternate translation: “he will cause everyone to want to fight” DAN 11 3 y2cv 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel. DAN 11 3 l9xy figs-metaphor 0 A mighty king will rise up The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 3 xg79 0 who will rule a very great kingdom This could mean: (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power. @@ -801,11 +801,11 @@ DAN 11 7 u8jk figs-synecdoche 0 He will attack the army The word “he” refer DAN 11 7 jj5j 0 He will fight them Here “them” represents the soldiers of the enemy army. Alternate translation: “He will fight the enemy soldiers” DAN 11 9 lpm6 0 but he will withdraw The word “he” refers to the king of the North. DAN 11 10 l8lr 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -DAN 11 10 b8ne 0 His sons “The sons of the king of the North” -DAN 11 10 d4ad 0 assemble a great army “gather together many men who can fight in battles” +DAN 11 10 b8ne 0 His sons Alternate translation: “The sons of the king of the North” +DAN 11 10 d4ad 0 assemble a great army Alternate translation: “gather together many men who can fight in battles” DAN 11 10 t3xu figs-simile 0 will flood everything The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. Alternate translation: “will be so great in number that they will cover all the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DAN 11 11 m2y4 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel. -DAN 11 11 z45y 0 will raise up a great army “will assemble a great army” +DAN 11 11 z45y 0 will raise up a great army Alternate translation: “will assemble a great army” DAN 11 11 wzt8 figs-activepassive 0 the army will be given into his hand Here “hand” represents the control of the king of the South. Alternate translation: “the king will surrender the army to the king of the South” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 12 dv6k figs-activepassive 0 The army will be carried off This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The king of the South will capture the army of the North” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 11 12 sc8a figs-metaphor 0 will be lifted up Being lifted up represents the idea of becoming very proud. Alternate translation: “will become very proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ DAN 11 15 eu1n figs-synecdoche 0 The king of the North will come Here “king o DAN 11 15 tqb1 0 pour out earth for siege mounds This refers to the piling up of earth in order for soldiers to reach the height of city walls in order to attack them. Soldiers and slaves would put loose earth in baskets, carry them to the right place, and pour it out in order to raise the mounds. DAN 11 15 f3vi 0 fortifications walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers DAN 11 15 em5h figs-metonymy 0 will not be able to stand Here standing represents the ability to fight. Alternate translation: “will not be able to keep fighting against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 11 16 nm4j 0 the one who comes will act according to his desires against him “the invading king will do whatever he wants against the other king” +DAN 11 16 nm4j 0 the one who comes will act according to his desires against him Alternate translation: “the invading king will do whatever he wants against the other king” DAN 11 16 zl4i figs-metonymy 0 He will stand in Here standing represents ruling. Alternate translation: “The king will begin to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 11 16 d31f 0 the land of beauty This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md). DAN 11 16 bmr3 figs-metaphor 0 destruction will be in his hand Here “destruction” represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “he will have power to destroy anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -830,9 +830,9 @@ DAN 11 17 s8fx 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel. DAN 11 17 cr5f figs-idiom 0 set his face This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. Alternate translation: “decide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 11 17 hz1p figs-metonymy 0 come with the strength of his entire kingdom This probably refers to military power. Alternate translation: “come with the force of all his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 11 17 pl8v figs-idiom 0 a daughter of women This is an elegant way of saying “a woman.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DAN 11 18 y98a 0 will end his arrogance “will make the king of the North stop being arrogant” -DAN 11 18 t5p9 0 will cause his arrogance to turn back upon him “will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others” -DAN 11 19 ef5y 0 he will pay attention “the king of the North will pay attention” +DAN 11 18 y98a 0 will end his arrogance Alternate translation: “will make the king of the North stop being arrogant” +DAN 11 18 t5p9 0 will cause his arrogance to turn back upon him Alternate translation: “will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others” +DAN 11 19 ef5y 0 he will pay attention Alternate translation: “the king of the North will pay attention” DAN 11 19 x9wd figs-idiom 0 he will not be found This is a way of saying that he will die. This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will disappear” or “he will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 11 20 yg3t 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel. DAN 11 20 kdc5 figs-metaphor 0 someone will rise up in his place Rising up in a king’s place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: “another man will become king of the North instead of that king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -845,20 +845,20 @@ DAN 11 22 pp6n figs-activepassive 0 Both that army and the leader of the covena DAN 11 22 kdw5 0 the leader of the covenant “the leader of the priests.” This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest. DAN 11 23 hq64 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel. DAN 11 23 ws3q figs-activepassive 0 From the time an alliance is made with him This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When other rulers make a peace treaty with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 11 24 ml78 0 will spread among his followers “will distribute to his followers” -DAN 11 24 e41l 0 the booty, the plunder, and the wealth “the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat” +DAN 11 24 ml78 0 will spread among his followers Alternate translation: “will distribute to his followers” +DAN 11 24 e41l 0 the booty, the plunder, and the wealth Alternate translation: “the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat” DAN 11 25 skn8 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel. DAN 11 25 gu4a figs-personification 0 He will wake up his power and his heart Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. Alternate translation: “He will make himself powerful and will become courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DAN 11 25 xr4i figs-metaphor 0 heart Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -DAN 11 25 l4sg 0 with a great army “with a great army that he will assemble” -DAN 11 25 iy35 0 will wage war “will fight against him” +DAN 11 25 l4sg 0 with a great army Alternate translation: “with a great army that he will assemble” +DAN 11 25 iy35 0 will wage war Alternate translation: “will fight against him” DAN 11 25 a8rn figs-metaphor 0 he will not stand Not standing represents being defeated. Alternate translation: “the king of the South will be defeated” or “his army will be defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 26 q6x3 figs-metonymy 0 those who eat his fine food This refers to the king’s advisers. It was usual for a king’s most trusted advisers to eat meals with him. Alternate translation: “the king’s best advisers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 11 26 ia23 figs-metaphor 0 His army will be swept away like a flood Here the severe defeat of an army is spoken of as a flood of water that completely sweeps it away. Alternate translation: “The enemy will completely defeat his army” or “His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 26 vhr4 figs-idiom 0 many of them will fall killed Here “fall” is an idiom that refers to dying in battle, so “fall” and “killed” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “many of his soldiers will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 11 27 uf6f figs-metaphor 0 with their hearts set on evil against each other Here “heart” represents a person’s desires. Desires are spoken of here as if they were an object that someone could set or place in a certain position. Alternate translation: “each determined to do evil to the other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 27 hy3i figs-metonymy 0 will sit at the same table Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 11 27 l9y8 0 but it will be of no use “but their talking will not help them” +DAN 11 27 l9y8 0 but it will be of no use Alternate translation: “but their talking will not help them” DAN 11 27 yqf8 figs-activepassive 0 For the end will come at the time that has been fixed This tells why their meetings will not be successful. Alternate translation: “The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 11 28 gj2c figs-metonymy 0 riches, with his heart set against the holy covenant Here “heart” represents the mind or thoughts of a person. The idiom “his heart set against” means to be determined to oppose something. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “riches. He will be determined to oppose the holy covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 11 28 bn8y figs-metonymy 0 with his heart set against the holy covenant The king’s desire to act against the holy covenant represents his desire to stop the Israelites from obeying that covenant. Alternate translation: “determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -866,16 +866,16 @@ DAN 11 28 x22z 0 the holy covenant Here “holy” describes God’s covenant DAN 11 28 cg5d figs-explicit 0 He will act This implies that the king will do certain actions in Israel. Alternate translation: “He will do what he wants to in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 11 30 ql6s figs-metonymy 0 ships of Kittim will come against him The ships represent the army coming in those ships. Alternate translation: “an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 11 30 vt1j translate-names 0 Kittim This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -DAN 11 30 n36n 0 He will be furious against the holy covenant “He will hate the holy covenant” -DAN 11 30 y4cm 0 will show favor to those “will act in favor for those” or “will help those” +DAN 11 30 n36n 0 He will be furious against the holy covenant Alternate translation: “He will hate the holy covenant” +DAN 11 30 y4cm 0 will show favor to those Alternate translation: “will act in favor for those” or “will help those” DAN 11 31 n2xy figs-idiom 0 His forces will rise up “His army will appear” or “His army will come.” The word “His” refers to the king of the North. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DAN 11 31 cjf5 0 the fortress sanctuary “the sanctuary that the people use as a fortress” +DAN 11 31 cjf5 0 the fortress sanctuary Alternate translation: “the sanctuary that the people use as a fortress” DAN 11 31 gq2g figs-metaphor 0 They will take away the regular burnt offering Taking away the offering represents preventing people from offering it. Alternate translation: “They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 31 e91v figs-idiom 0 the abomination that causes desolation This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DAN 11 32 g7nd 0 acted wickedly against the covenant “wickedly disobeyed the covenant” -DAN 11 32 qcz6 0 corrupt them “persuade them to do evil” +DAN 11 32 g7nd 0 acted wickedly against the covenant Alternate translation: “wickedly disobeyed the covenant” +DAN 11 32 qcz6 0 corrupt them Alternate translation: “persuade them to do evil” DAN 11 32 th7n figs-metonymy 0 who know their God Here “know” means “be faithful.” Alternate translation: “who are faithful to their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 11 32 v4tg 0 will be strong and will take action “will be firm and resist them” +DAN 11 32 v4tg 0 will be strong and will take action Alternate translation: “will be firm and resist them” DAN 11 33 fs3l figs-metaphor 0 they will stumble by the sword and by flame Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. Here “sword” represents battles and warfare, and “flame” represents fire. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle and by burning to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 11 33 i91v 0 they This refers to the wise persons among the Israelites. DAN 11 33 kc6h figs-metaphor 0 they will stumble into captivity and into being robbed for days Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. The phrase “being robbed” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -891,13 +891,13 @@ DAN 11 35 x3zq figs-metaphor 0 cleansing This refers to making people, places, DAN 11 35 xl1l figs-metaphor 0 purifying This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 35 p8p8 0 time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md). DAN 11 35 a7hv 0 the appointed time is still to come Here “appointed time” implies that God has set the time. This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has set the time in the future” -DAN 11 36 ytf5 0 The king will act according to his desires “The king will do whatever he wants” +DAN 11 36 ytf5 0 The king will act according to his desires Alternate translation: “The king will do whatever he wants” DAN 11 36 pn6u 0 The king This refers to the king of the North. DAN 11 36 v9x7 figs-doublet 0 lift himself up and make himself great The phrases “lift himself up” and “make himself great” mean the same thing and indicate that the king will become very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DAN 11 36 sy4c figs-metaphor 0 lift himself up Here this represents becoming very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 36 z6yk figs-metaphor 0 make himself great Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 36 w4pm figs-idiom 0 the God of gods This refers to the one true God. Alternate translation: “the supreme God” or “the only true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DAN 11 36 s173 0 astonishing things “terrible things” or “shocking things” +DAN 11 36 s173 0 astonishing things Alternate translation: “terrible things” or “shocking things” DAN 11 36 m82m figs-metaphor 0 until the wrath is completed This phrase pictures God as storing up his wrath until his storeroom is completely full of it and he is ready to act according to it. Alternate translation: “until God is completely angry with him” or “until God is angry enough to take action against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 37 swa4 0 the god desirable to women This seems to refer to the pagan god named Tammuz. DAN 11 38 a7fh 0 the god of fortresses The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people’s fortresses and keep his own. Alternate translation: “the god that controls fortresses” @@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ DAN 11 43 qp3z translate-names 0 the Libyans and the Cushites “the people of DAN 11 44 m79f 0 General Information: This is still about the king of the North. DAN 11 44 et68 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will go out with great rage The abstract noun “rage” can be expressed with the word “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 11 44 n5ju figs-metonymy 0 go out To “go out” represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 11 44 dsf1 0 to set many apart for destruction “to destroy many people” +DAN 11 44 dsf1 0 to set many apart for destruction Alternate translation: “to destroy many people” DAN 11 45 cil2 0 the tent of his royal residence This refers to the king’s luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war. DAN 11 45 dk8u 0 between the seas and the mountain of the beauty of holiness This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Mount in Jerusalem. DAN 11 45 k8sp figs-metonymy 0 the mountain of the beauty of holiness This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God’s temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in [Daniel 9:16](../09/16.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -938,13 +938,13 @@ DAN 12 4 qed5 figs-metonymy 0 close up these words; keep the book sealed Here DAN 12 4 mb3v 0 time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md). DAN 12 4 krj6 figs-explicit 0 Many will run here and there, and knowledge will increase This seems to happen before “the time of the end” during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 12 5 q8a8 0 General Information: Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md). -DAN 12 5 mxu1 0 there were two others standing “there were two other angels standing” +DAN 12 5 mxu1 0 there were two others standing Alternate translation: “there were two other angels standing” DAN 12 6 d2x2 figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 12 6 cw1u 0 upstream along the river This could mean: (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river. DAN 12 6 x2yz 0 How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? “How long will these amazing events last?” This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events. DAN 12 6 g6y7 0 these amazing events At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11. DAN 12 7 z28b figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 12 7 s5j3 0 the one who lives forever “God, who lives forever” +DAN 12 7 s5j3 0 the one who lives forever Alternate translation: “God, who lives forever” DAN 12 7 i56r 0 it would be for a time, times, and half a time It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md). DAN 12 7 rue1 0 a time, times, and half a time “three and a half years.” These “times” are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half. DAN 12 7 fme6 figs-activepassive 0 all these things will be completed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all these things will have happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -958,15 +958,15 @@ DAN 12 10 k53f figs-activepassive 0 Many will be purified, cleansed, and refine DAN 12 10 nnz4 0 refined purified by removing anything that does not belong in them DAN 12 10 b2dg 0 but the wicked will act wickedly The evil people will do evil or sinful things. DAN 12 10 z62c 0 None of the wicked will understand The evil people can not understand spiritual knowledge. -DAN 12 10 j874 0 but those who are wise will understand “but those who obey Yahweh are wise and will understand” +DAN 12 10 j874 0 but those who are wise will understand Alternate translation: “but those who obey Yahweh are wise and will understand” DAN 12 11 ux9k figs-explicit 0 the regular burnt offering is … is set up The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. Alternate translation: “the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 12 11 cg65 figs-idiom 0 the abomination that causes complete desolation This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DAN 12 11 f32x translate-numbers 0 1,290 days “one thousand two and hundred ninety days” or “twelve hundred and ninety days.” Here “days” refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DAN 12 12 f6x5 0 General Information: The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel. -DAN 12 12 gpx3 0 Blessed is the one who waits “Blessed is the person who waits” or “Blessed is anyone who waits” -DAN 12 12 dy9t 0 who waits “who remains faithful” +DAN 12 12 gpx3 0 Blessed is the one who waits Alternate translation: “Blessed is the person who waits” or “Blessed is anyone who waits” +DAN 12 12 dy9t 0 who waits Alternate translation: “who remains faithful” DAN 12 12 lqv9 translate-numbers 0 the 1,335 days “one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days” or “thirteen hundred and thirty-five days.” Here “days” is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DAN 12 13 md7k 0 You must go “Daniel, you must go” This refers to Daniel continuing to live and serve the kings until the appointed time of his death. DAN 12 13 gv9d figs-euphemism 0 you will rest This is a gentle way of saying “you will die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DAN 12 13 kjx5 0 You will rise This is referring to the first resurrection of the dead when the righteous people will be raised up. -DAN 12 13 vf3x 0 the place assigned to you “the place God has assigned to you” +DAN 12 13 vf3x 0 the place assigned to you Alternate translation: “the place God has assigned to you” diff --git a/en_tn_28-HOS.tsv b/en_tn_28-HOS.tsv index fe34980027..e2a2ebdea2 100644 --- a/en_tn_28-HOS.tsv +++ b/en_tn_28-HOS.tsv @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ HOS 2 intro h75z 0 # Hosea 2 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
HOS 2 1 qq88 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. HOS 2 1 if49 figs-exclamations 0 My people! This exclamation may be presented as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) HOS 2 1 z5an figs-activepassive 0 You have been shown compassion This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has shown you compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -HOS 2 1 e5gw 0 compassion “kindness” or “mercy” +HOS 2 1 e5gw 0 compassion Alternate translation: “kindness” or “mercy” HOS 2 2 d1d5 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. HOS 2 2 t1g6 0 lawsuit This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. HOS 2 2 d9bq figs-metaphor 0 your mother Here “mother” refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ HOS 2 12 bqk9 figs-metaphor 0 These are the wages that my lovers gave me This r HOS 2 12 f2fc figs-metaphor 0 make them a forest Yahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HOS 2 13 i7k2 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) HOS 2 14 a2gy 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -HOS 2 14 uxh6 0 So I am going to win her back “I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me” +HOS 2 14 uxh6 0 So I am going to win her back Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me” HOS 2 15 cf8d 0 the Valley of Achor as a door of hope As Yahweh lead Israel out of Egypt, he will lead Israel to the Valley of Achor so that Israel will hope again in Yahweh. HOS 2 15 sql9 figs-metaphor 0 She will answer me there as she did in the days of her youth, as in the days that she came out of the land of Egypt Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HOS 2 15 hhr5 0 She will answer Some modern versions understand the Hebrew word to mean “She will sing.” @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ HOS 3 2 e35q translate-bvolume 0 a homer and a lethek of barley This can be sta HOS 3 4 s5dq 0 For the people of Israel will live for many days without a king, prince, sacrifice, stone pillar, ephod or household idols Just as Hosea lived without his wife because she committed adultery, Israel will live without a king and without worshiping God, because they committed idolatry. HOS 3 5 klf5 0 seek Yahweh their God Here “seek” means they are asking God to accept them and their worship. HOS 3 5 ce6i figs-metonymy 0 David their king Here “David” represents all the descendants of David. Alternate translation: “a descendant of David to be their king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -HOS 3 5 plr4 0 in the last days “in the future” +HOS 3 5 plr4 0 in the last days Alternate translation: “in the future” HOS 3 5 h6db figs-metonymy 0 they will come trembling before Yahweh and his goodness Here “trembling” represents feelings of awe and humility. Alternate translation: “they will come back to Yahweh and will humble themselves, honor him, and ask for his blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HOS 4 intro m65b 0 # Hosea 4 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

The author stops using the metaphor of a husband/wife relationship and begins using a new illustration using lawsuits. God is suing the people of Israel because of all the wrong they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Lawsuits

Lawsuits are special cases where people go to court when they have a legal issue to resolve between them. Normally, one party is accusing another party of having done wrong.

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Metonymy

Metonymy is used in the first few verses of this chapter. Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or idea is called not by its own name, but by the name of something closely associated with it. Bloodshed is associated with murder. Stumbling represents sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) HOS 4 1 k5fr 0 General Information: This chapter begins Yahweh’s argument against the unfaithful Israelites. @@ -112,10 +112,10 @@ HOS 4 7 g6wy figs-metonymy 0 They exchanged their honor for shame This could me HOS 4 8 j2qz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the priests. HOS 4 8 ajz2 figs-explicit 0 They feed on the sin of my people When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HOS 4 8 e3kk figs-explicit 0 they are greedy for more of their wickedness The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -HOS 4 9 lv38 0 It will be the same for the people as for the priests “The people and the priests will be punished in the same way” -HOS 4 9 xfi6 0 their practices “their habits” or “their conduct” +HOS 4 9 lv38 0 It will be the same for the people as for the priests Alternate translation: “The people and the priests will be punished in the same way” +HOS 4 9 xfi6 0 their practices Alternate translation: “their habits” or “their conduct” HOS 4 10 y17j 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Israel. -HOS 4 10 p57j 0 but not increase “but not have children” +HOS 4 10 p57j 0 but not increase Alternate translation: “but not have children” HOS 4 10 az6x 0 they have gone far away The people have stopped worshiping and following God. HOS 4 10 j8tw figs-123person 0 from Yahweh Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) HOS 4 11 da24 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh is talking about Israel. @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ HOS 5 8 uh2c 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Israel. HOS 5 8 tj5p figs-doublet 0 Blow the horn in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah Here “horn” and “trumpet” mean the same thing. This command is given to the people of Gibeah and Ramah to emphasize that the enemy is coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) HOS 5 8 s184 figs-synecdoche 0 Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven: ‘We will follow you, Benjamin!’ Here “Benjamin” represents the soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin. This may be a request for them to lead the people into battle. But modern versions make various attempts to interpret this expression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) HOS 5 8 ail1 translate-names 0 Beth Aven This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -HOS 5 9 n3pe 0 Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen “I will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared” +HOS 5 9 n3pe 0 Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen Alternate translation: “I will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared” HOS 5 10 x6j7 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. HOS 5 10 jdz8 figs-simile 0 The leaders of Judah are like those who move a boundary stone To “move a boundary stone” refers to moving the landmark that marked the border of some property, which was a crime under Israelite law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) HOS 5 10 wbd7 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour my wrath on them like water Yahweh’s wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. In the scriptures, emotions and moral qualities are often spoken of as if they were liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ HOS 6 4 e5w6 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh is speaking. HOS 6 4 e69c figs-rquestion 0 what will I do with you? God is expressing that his patience is coming to an end and what remains is judgment. Alternate translation: “it is hard to know what to do with you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) HOS 6 5 n7z6 figs-metaphor 0 So I have cut them to pieces by the prophets Through his prophets, Yahweh has pronounced destruction on the rebellious nation. The destruction, here called “cutting to pieces,” is as sure as the condemnation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HOS 6 5 kr95 figs-simile 0 Your decrees are like the light that shines out Here the prophet Hosea is speaking to God. He may mean that when God gives the command for someone to die as punishment, it is like a bolt of lightning that strikes. Or he may mean that God’s commandments allow people to know the truth, just as light makes objects visible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -HOS 6 5 vv2v 0 Your decrees “Yahweh’s commands” +HOS 6 5 vv2v 0 Your decrees Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s commands” HOS 6 6 r5ls 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking. HOS 6 6 vj1l 0 For I desire faithfulness and not sacrifice This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of “more than,” as the next line shows (“and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings”). Alternate translation: “For I desire faithfulness more than sacrifice” HOS 6 7 xuu2 figs-metonymy 0 Like Adam This could mean: (1) this refers to Adam, the first man or (2) this is a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. Alternate translation: “Like the people in the city of Adam” or (3) this refers to people in general. The word “Adam” means “man” or “humankind.” Alternate translation: “Like all of humankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ HOS 8 intro sj97 0 # Hosea 8 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
HOS 8 1 iyy7 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom. HOS 8 1 rq62 figs-metaphor 0 An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: “As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HOS 8 1 tc1q figs-metaphor 0 broken my covenant Here “broken” represents “disobeyed,” “violated.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -HOS 8 2 hq2r 0 know you “are faithful to you” +HOS 8 2 hq2r 0 know you Alternate translation: “are faithful to you” HOS 8 4 hqd2 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking. HOS 8 4 h5ag figs-activepassive 0 but it was only so they might be cut off This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the result will be that I will destroy the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) HOS 8 5 p53a figs-123person 0 Your calf has been rejected This could mean: (1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has rejected your calf” or (2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “I myself have rejected your calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) diff --git a/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv b/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv index c19f691661..1a1a4305af 100644 --- a/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv +++ b/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv @@ -73,14 +73,14 @@ JOL 2 13 e3gw וְ⁠נִחָ֖ם עַל 1 turn from stop JOL 2 14 a2av figs-rquestion יָשׁ֣וּב וְ⁠נִחָ֑ם וְ⁠הִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָי⁠ו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָ⁠נֶ֔סֶךְ לַ⁠יהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Will he perhaps turn … God? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger … God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOL 2 14 xys3 וְ⁠הִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָי⁠ו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָ⁠נֶ֔סֶךְ 1 leave a blessing behind him, a grain offering and a drink offering “leave behind him a blessing—that is, a grain offering and a drink offering.” The blessing is that plenty of grain and grapes will ripen, and so the people will be able to offer grain and drink offerings. JOL 2 16 jzj1 מֵ⁠חֻפָּתָֽ⁠הּ 1 bridal chambers rooms, usually in the parents’ houses, where brides would wait for their wedding ceremonies -JOL 2 17 fek9 וְ⁠אַל־תִּתֵּ֨ן נַחֲלָתְ⁠ךָ֤ לְ⁠חֶרְפָּה֙ 1 do not make your inheritance into an object of scorn “do not allow your inheritance to become people whom the other nations regard as worthless” +JOL 2 17 fek9 וְ⁠אַל־תִּתֵּ֨ן נַחֲלָתְ⁠ךָ֤ לְ⁠חֶרְפָּה֙ 1 do not make your inheritance into an object of scorn Alternate translation: “do not allow your inheritance to become people whom the other nations regard as worthless” JOL 2 17 kqr6 figs-metaphor נַחֲלָתְ⁠ךָ֤ 1 your inheritance Here the people of Israel are spoken of as God’s inheritance. Alternate translation: “your special people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOL 2 17 ey9s figs-rquestion לָ֚⁠מָּה יֹאמְר֣וּ בָֽ⁠עַמִּ֔ים אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 Why should they say among the nations, ‘Where is their God?’ This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Other nations should not be able to say, ‘Their God does not help them.’” or “Other nations should not be able to say that the God of Israel has abandoned his people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -JOL 2 18 xeg7 לְ⁠אַרְצ֑⁠וֹ 1 his land “the nation of Israel” -JOL 2 18 im7l עַמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 his people “the people of Israel” -JOL 2 19 lu18 הִנְ⁠נִ֨י 1 Look “Pay attention to what I am about to say” -JOL 2 19 jde5 וּ⁠שְׂבַעְתֶּ֖ם אֹת֑⁠ 1 You will be satisfied with them “You will have all you need of them” -JOL 2 19 tqc6 חֶרְפָּ֖ה 1 a disgrace “unworthy of respect” +JOL 2 18 xeg7 לְ⁠אַרְצ֑⁠וֹ 1 his land Alternate translation: “the nation of Israel” +JOL 2 18 im7l עַמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 his people Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” +JOL 2 19 lu18 הִנְ⁠נִ֨י 1 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say” +JOL 2 19 jde5 וּ⁠שְׂבַעְתֶּ֖ם אֹת֑⁠ 1 You will be satisfied with them Alternate translation: “You will have all you need of them” +JOL 2 19 tqc6 חֶרְפָּ֖ה 1 a disgrace Alternate translation: “unworthy of respect” JOL 2 20 q49d 0 General Information: God continues his promise to Israel. JOL 2 20 khh7 הַ⁠צְּפוֹנִ֞י…הַ⁠קַּדְמֹנִ֔י…הָ⁠אַֽחֲר֑וֹן 1 northern … eastern … western These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel. JOL 2 20 v9xy הַ⁠יָּם֙ הַ⁠קַּדְמֹנִ֔י 1 the eastern sea the Dead Sea @@ -89,34 +89,34 @@ JOL 2 20 k6n8 הִגְדִּ֖יל לַ⁠עֲשֽׂוֹת 1 he has done great JOL 2 21 g3z3 figs-apostrophe אַל־תִּֽירְאִ֖י אֲדָמָ֑ה 1 Do not fear, land Joel speaks to the people of the land as if he were speaking to the land itself. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid, you people of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) JOL 2 22 n9lm figs-apostrophe אַל־תִּֽירְאוּ֙ בַּהֲמ֣וֹת שָׂדַ֔י 1 Do not fear, beasts of the field Joel speaks to people who own livestock as if he were speaking to the animals themselves. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid, you people who own livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) JOL 2 22 t5ty figs-metonymy דָשְׁא֖וּ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֑ר 1 the pastures of the wilderness will sprout The pastures are a metonym for the plants that grow in the pastures. Alternate translation: “plants good for food will sprout in the pastures in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JOL 2 23 xlq6 נָתַ֥ן…וַ⁠יּ֣וֹרֶד לָ⁠כֶ֗ם גֶּ֛שֶׁם 1 he will … bring down showers for you “he will … cause much rain to fall so that you will live well” +JOL 2 23 xlq6 נָתַ֥ן…וַ⁠יּ֣וֹרֶד לָ⁠כֶ֗ם גֶּ֛שֶׁם 1 he will … bring down showers for you Alternate translation: “he will … cause much rain to fall so that you will live well” JOL 2 23 vnx8 מוֹרֶ֥ה וּ⁠מַלְק֖וֹשׁ 1 autumn rain and the spring rain the first rains of the rainy season in early December and the last rains in April and May JOL 2 24 gw97 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh begins a long speech to the Israelites. JOL 2 24 p8u1 הַ⁠יְקָבִ֖ים 1 vats large containers for liquids -JOL 2 25 k6bd אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽ⁠אַרְבֶּ֔ה 1 the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten “the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten” +JOL 2 25 k6bd אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽ⁠אַרְבֶּ֔ה 1 the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten Alternate translation: “the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten” JOL 2 25 e81a הָֽ⁠אַרְבֶּ֔ה הַ⁠יֶּ֖לֶק וְ⁠הֶ⁠חָסִ֣יל וְ⁠הַ⁠גָּזָ֑ם 1 swarming locust … the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locust These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md). JOL 2 26 qw24 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. JOL 2 26 jy17 figs-metonymy וְ⁠הִלַּלְתֶּ֗ם אֶת־שֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ 1 praise the name of Yahweh The name is a metonym for the person, specifically his reputation. Alternate translation: “praise Yahweh” or “praise Yahweh because everyone knows he is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOL 2 26 x2qr figs-123person שֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵי⁠כֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה עִמָּ⁠כֶ֖ם לְ⁠הַפְלִ֑יא 1 the name of Yahweh … who has done wonders Yahweh speaks of himself by name to show that he will certainly do as he has said. Alternate translation: “my name … because I have done wonders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) JOL 2 28 h1ph 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -JOL 2 28 p6xw וְ⁠הָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ 1 It will come about afterward that I “This is what I will do after that: I” +JOL 2 28 p6xw וְ⁠הָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ 1 It will come about afterward that I Alternate translation: “This is what I will do after that: I” JOL 2 28 mc8b figs-metaphor אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִ⁠י֙ עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh Yahweh speaks of the Spirit as if he were speaking of water. AT” “I will give my Spirit generously to all flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOL 2 28 ny8x figs-synecdoche כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 all flesh Here “flesh” represents people. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOL 2 30 c326 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. JOL 2 30 fxj8 figs-metonymy דָּ֣ם וָ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וְ⁠תִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן 1 blood, fire, and pillars of smoke “blood” is symbolizing the death of people. Alternate translation: “death, fire and pillars of smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JOL 2 31 e1db הַ⁠שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְ⁠חֹ֔שֶׁךְ 1 The sun will turn into darkness “The sun will no longer give light” +JOL 2 31 e1db הַ⁠שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְ⁠חֹ֔שֶׁךְ 1 The sun will turn into darkness Alternate translation: “The sun will no longer give light” JOL 2 31 fc5h figs-metonymy וְ⁠הַ⁠יָּרֵ֖חַ לְ⁠דָ֑ם 1 the moon into blood Here the word “blood” refers to the color red. You can supply the verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “the moon will turn red like blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOL 2 32 xyf3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -JOL 2 32 w6nv וְ⁠הָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל 1 It will be that everyone “This is what will happen: everyone” +JOL 2 32 w6nv וְ⁠הָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל 1 It will be that everyone Alternate translation: “This is what will happen: everyone” JOL 2 32 t1vg figs-metonymy כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֛א בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמָּלֵ֑ט 1 everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved The name is a metonym for the person. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOL 2 32 k5zj figs-doublet בְּ⁠הַר־צִיּ֨וֹן וּ⁠בִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם 1 on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem These refer to the same place. Alternate translation: “on Mount Zion in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOL 2 32 j194 figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בַ֨⁠שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא 1 among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls The phrase “there will be” is understood from earlier in the sentence. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOL 2 32 e73u 1 survivors people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster JOL 3 intro jcn7 0 # Joel 3 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Israel
The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole. JOL 3 1 b14f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -JOL 3 1 nha5 כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה 1 Behold “Listen” or “Pay attention” +JOL 3 1 nha5 כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה 1 Behold Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention” JOL 3 1 zy3s figs-doublet בַּ⁠יָּמִ֥ים הָ⁠הֵ֖מָּה וּ⁠בָ⁠עֵ֣ת הַ⁠הִ֑יא 1 in those days and at that time The phrase “at that time” means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase “in those days.” Alternate translation: “in those very days” or “at that very time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -JOL 3 1 c3ys אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem “When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem” +JOL 3 1 c3ys אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem Alternate translation: “When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem” JOL 3 2 xs2u עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט 1 Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means “Yahweh judges,” was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. JOL 3 2 idt3 figs-doublet עַמִּ֨⁠י וְ⁠נַחֲלָתִ֤⁠י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 my people and my inheritance Israel These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, who are my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOL 3 3 z4y6 figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּתְּנ֤וּ הַ⁠יֶּ֨לֶד֙ בַּ⁠זּוֹנָ֔ה וְ⁠הַ⁠יַּלְדָּ֛ה מָכְר֥וּ בַ⁠יַּ֖יִן וַ⁠יִּשְׁתּֽוּ 1 traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. Alternate translation: “and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -124,15 +124,15 @@ JOL 3 4 k66w 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [J JOL 3 4 qj6v figs-rquestion וְ֠⁠גַם מָה־אַתֶּ֥ם לִ⁠י֙ צֹ֣ר וְ⁠צִיד֔וֹן וְ⁠כֹ֖ל גְּלִיל֣וֹת פְּלָ֑שֶׁת 1 why are you angry at me … Philistia? Yahweh is encouraging the people of Judah, who can hear him, by scolding the people of Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia, who cannot hear him, as if they can. The names of the towns are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. These words can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you have no right to be angry at me … Philistia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOL 3 4 xaa9 figs-rquestion הַ⁠גְּמ֗וּל אַתֶּם֙ מְשַׁלְּמִ֣ים עָלָ֔⁠י 1 Will you repay me? “Will you get revenge on me?” God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. Alternate translation: “You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOL 3 4 ns7f figs-synecdoche קַ֣ל מְהֵרָ֔ה אָשִׁ֥יב גְּמֻלְ⁠כֶ֖ם בְּ⁠רֹאשְׁ⁠כֶֽם 1 I will immediately return your retribution on your own head Here the word “head” refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to suffer the retribution that you tried to put on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -JOL 3 4 wdm3 גְּמֻלְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 retribution “revenge” or “payback” +JOL 3 4 wdm3 גְּמֻלְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 retribution Alternate translation: “revenge” or “payback” JOL 3 7 d8mh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. -JOL 3 7 sum8 הִנְ⁠נִ֣י 1 Look “Pay attention” or “Listen” +JOL 3 7 sum8 הִנְ⁠נִ֣י 1 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen” JOL 3 7 dc6d figs-explicit מִן־הַ֨⁠מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖⁠ם שָׁ֑מָּ⁠ה 1 out of the place where you sold them The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -JOL 3 7 uh32 וַ⁠הֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י גְמֻלְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 return payment “give back what you deserve” +JOL 3 7 uh32 וַ⁠הֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י גְמֻלְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 return payment Alternate translation: “give back what you deserve” JOL 3 8 pww6 figs-metonymy וּ⁠מָכַרְתִּ֞י אֶת־בְּנֵי⁠כֶ֣ם וְ⁠אֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֗ם בְּ⁠יַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 I will sell your sons and your daughters, by the hand of the people of Judah The hand can be a metonym for the power the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “I will have the people of Judah sell your sons and your daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOL 3 8 t9jc translate-names לִ⁠שְׁבָאיִ֖ם 1 Sabeans the people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOL 3 9 ih66 figs-irony 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -JOL 3 9 d6ny הָעִ֨ירוּ֙ הַ⁠גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים 1 rouse the mighty men “make the mighty men ready for action” +JOL 3 9 d6ny הָעִ֨ירוּ֙ הַ⁠גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים 1 rouse the mighty men Alternate translation: “make the mighty men ready for action” JOL 3 10 t93c figs-parallelism כֹּ֤תּוּ אִתֵּי⁠כֶם֙ לַֽ⁠חֲרָב֔וֹת וּ⁠מַזְמְרֹֽתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם לִ⁠רְמָחִ֑ים 1 Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spears These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOL 3 10 ze4m אִתֵּי⁠כֶם֙ 1 plowshares tools that are used to break up the soil in order to plant crops JOL 3 10 epv7 וּ⁠מַזְמְרֹֽתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 pruning knives knives that are used to cut off small branches @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ JOL 3 13 hq7f figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל…מָ֣לְאָה JOL 3 13 iw8d figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל כִּ֥י בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר 1 Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe Yahweh speaks of making war against the nations as if he were using a sharp tool to harvest a field of ripe crops. If your readers will not understand the word “sickle,” you may use the word for any sharp tool that your people use for harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOL 3 13 i8r2 figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל 1 Put in the sickle “Swing the sickle to cut the grain.” This is a metaphor for a soldier using a sword to kill people, but it is best to use the word for a sharp tool used in harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOL 3 13 zx33 מַגָּ֔ל 1 sickle a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain -JOL 3 13 rua7 בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר 1 the harvest is ripe “the grain is ready to be harvested” +JOL 3 13 rua7 בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר 1 the harvest is ripe Alternate translation: “the grain is ready to be harvested” JOL 3 13 tz4a figs-metaphor בֹּ֤אֽוּ רְדוּ֙ כִּֽי־מָ֣לְאָה גַּ֔ת 1 Come, crush the grapes, for the winepress is full Yahweh speaks of the nations as if they were many grapes in a winepress, ready for people to crush them by stepping on them. Alternate translation: “Come, completely destroy the nations, for they are many, and they are helpless to resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOL 3 13 haw5 figs-metaphor הֵשִׁ֨יקוּ֙ הַ⁠יְקָבִ֔ים כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה רָעָתָֽ⁠ם 1 The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous Yahweh speaks of the nations’ wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOL 3 14 y2ge הֲמוֹנִ֣ים הֲמוֹנִ֔ים 1 a tumult, a tumult A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people. @@ -159,17 +159,17 @@ JOL 3 16 yr8u figs-metaphor וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג 1 Yahweh wi JOL 3 16 lf34 figs-hyperbole וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 The heavens and earth will shake Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh’s roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOL 3 16 vd5q וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ 1 will shake This word is the past form of the word translated “tremble” in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md). JOL 3 16 lr5v figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְ⁠עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מָע֖וֹז לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -JOL 3 17 isx1 וִֽ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֗ם 1 So you will know “When I do these things, you will know” +JOL 3 17 isx1 וִֽ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֗ם 1 So you will know Alternate translation: “When I do these things, you will know” JOL 3 18 kj6z 0 General Information: God continues to speak about the day of the Lord. JOL 3 18 y22f וְ⁠הָיָה֩ בַ⁠יּ֨וֹם הַ⁠ה֜וּא…הֶ⁠הָרִ֣ים 1 It will come about on that day that the mountains “This is what will happen on that day: the mountains” Translate “It will come about” as in [Joel 2:28](../02/28.md). JOL 3 18 m6v9 figs-hyperbole יִטְּפ֧וּ הֶ⁠הָרִ֣ים עָסִ֗יס 1 the mountains will drip with sweet wine “sweet wine will drip from the mountains.” This is an exaggeration to show that the land is very fertile. Alternate translation: “On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOL 3 18 yj7w figs-metaphor וְ⁠הַ⁠גְּבָעוֹת֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה חָלָ֔ב 1 the hills will flow with milk “milk will flow from the hills.” The land being very fertile is spoken of as if the hills would flow with milk. Alternate translation: “on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOL 3 18 l5yu וְ⁠כָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יֵ֣לְכוּ מָ֑יִם 1 all the brooks of Judah will flow with water “water will flow through all the brooks of Judah” -JOL 3 18 k6qq וְ⁠הִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַ⁠שִּׁטִּֽים 1 water the Valley of Shittim “will send water to the Valley of Shittim” +JOL 3 18 l5yu וְ⁠כָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יֵ֣לְכוּ מָ֑יִם 1 all the brooks of Judah will flow with water Alternate translation: “water will flow through all the brooks of Judah” +JOL 3 18 k6qq וְ⁠הִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַ⁠שִּׁטִּֽים 1 water the Valley of Shittim Alternate translation: “will send water to the Valley of Shittim” JOL 3 18 f69l translate-names הַ⁠שִּׁטִּֽים 1 Shittim This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “Acacia Trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -JOL 3 19 la92 מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ לִ⁠שְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה 1 Egypt will become an abandoned devastation “Everyone will leave Egypt and no one will live there” -JOL 3 19 au36 וֶ⁠אֱד֕וֹם לְ⁠מִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 Edom will become an abandoned wilderness “Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there” -JOL 3 19 c2r8 מֵֽ⁠חֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 because of the violence done to the people of Judah “because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah” +JOL 3 19 la92 מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ לִ⁠שְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה 1 Egypt will become an abandoned devastation Alternate translation: “Everyone will leave Egypt and no one will live there” +JOL 3 19 au36 וֶ⁠אֱד֕וֹם לְ⁠מִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 Edom will become an abandoned wilderness Alternate translation: “Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there” +JOL 3 19 c2r8 מֵֽ⁠חֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 because of the violence done to the people of Judah Alternate translation: “because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah” JOL 3 19 t6ay figs-metonymy אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּ⁠אַרְצָֽ⁠ם 1 because they shed innocent blood in their land The word “they” refers to “Edom” and “Egypt” and is a metonym for the people of Egypt and Edom. The words “innocent blood” are a metonym for innocent people whom they have killed. Alternate translation: “because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOL 3 20 y198 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord. JOL 3 20 gi4z figs-activepassive וִ⁠יהוּדָ֖ה לְ⁠עוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב 1 Judah will be inhabited forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will live in Judah forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/en_tn_30-AMO.tsv b/en_tn_30-AMO.tsv index 8b1412d106..ddadefbfb0 100644 --- a/en_tn_30-AMO.tsv +++ b/en_tn_30-AMO.tsv @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ AMO front intro ih42 0 # Introduction to Amos
## Part 1: General Introduct AMO 1 intro v72p 0 # Amos 1 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This book is written in a poetic form. Because it was written by a farmer, it includes many references to agricultural concepts.

### “For three sins of Judah, even for four”
The phrase “For three sins of Judah, even for four,” is used to begin each oracle. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) AMO 1 1 zsg5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: God speaks through Amos using poetic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) AMO 1 1 e8f1 figs-activepassive 0 These are the things concerning Israel that Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa, received in revelation This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These are the things concerning Israel that God revealed to Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -AMO 1 1 qz81 0 These are the things “This is the message” +AMO 1 1 qz81 0 These are the things Alternate translation: “This is the message” AMO 1 1 a358 translate-names 0 in Tekoa “Tekoa” is the name of a town or village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) AMO 1 1 t6dv figs-activepassive 0 He received these things This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave him these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) AMO 1 1 ffc4 figs-idiom 0 in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and also in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel The words “in the days of” is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ AMO 1 5 zgv6 translate-names 0 Kir This is the name of a region from which the AMO 1 6 wc1b 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). AMO 1 6 ir17 figs-metonymy 0 Gaza Here “Gaza” represents the people of the region of Gaza. Alternate translation: “the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 1 6 pd54 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -AMO 1 6 mxg6 0 hand them over to “deliver them up to” or “sell them to” +AMO 1 6 mxg6 0 hand them over to Alternate translation: “deliver them up to” or “sell them to” AMO 1 6 s4mb figs-metonymy 0 Edom Here “Edom” represents the people of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 1 7 s2fy figs-metaphor 0 it will devour her fortresses Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 1 8 r5df 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Gaza. @@ -40,20 +40,20 @@ AMO 1 8 w6im figs-metonymy 0 Ekron Here “Ekron” represents the people of th AMO 1 9 dw8j 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). AMO 1 9 m576 figs-metonymy 0 Tyre Here “Tyre” represents the people of the city of Tyre. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 1 9 s55w figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -AMO 1 9 a5jh 0 their covenant of brotherhood “the agreement they made to treat you as brothers” +AMO 1 9 a5jh 0 their covenant of brotherhood Alternate translation: “the agreement they made to treat you as brothers” AMO 1 10 q6k1 figs-metaphor 0 it will devour her fortresses Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 1 11 a393 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). AMO 1 11 re3j figs-metonymy 0 Edom Here “Edom” represents the people of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 1 11 y8u9 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) AMO 1 11 t3ng figs-explicit 0 he pursued his brother The assumed knowledge is that Esau, from whom the people of Edom were descended, was the brother of Jacob, from whom the people of Israel were descended. Here “his brother” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “he pursued the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AMO 1 11 we19 0 cast off all pity “showed them no mercy” +AMO 1 11 we19 0 cast off all pity Alternate translation: “showed them no mercy” AMO 1 11 hrl2 figs-parallelism 0 His anger raged continually, and his wrath lasted forever These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize his continued anger. The abstract nouns “anger” and “wrath” can be translated using the adjectives “angry” and “furious.” Alternate translation: “He was continually angry and always furious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) AMO 1 11 e4yz figs-hyperbole 0 his wrath lasted forever This is an exaggeration that is meant to express the ongoing nature of his wrath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) AMO 1 12 u6m8 translate-names 0 Teman … Bozrah These are names of places. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] AMO 1 12 rv98 figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the palaces of Bozrah Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 1 13 cc91 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). AMO 1 13 qdx6 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -AMO 1 13 b1tz 0 enlarge their borders “extend their boundaries” or “expand their territory” +AMO 1 13 b1tz 0 enlarge their borders Alternate translation: “extend their boundaries” or “expand their territory” AMO 1 14 g9vi 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Ammon. AMO 1 14 i3cd figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the palaces Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 1 14 hpu5 figs-metaphor 0 with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. Alternate translation: “and the fighting will be like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ AMO 2 1 g1vl 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It AMO 2 1 uc48 figs-metonymy 0 Moab This represents the Moabite people. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 2 1 pft8 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) AMO 2 1 w5dg 0 he burned the bones The word “he” refers to Moab. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab burned the bones” -AMO 2 1 ma6m 0 to lime “to ashes” +AMO 2 1 ma6m 0 to lime Alternate translation: “to ashes” AMO 2 2 ah6f 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Moab. AMO 2 2 j3zn translate-names 0 Kerioth This is the name of a city or town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) AMO 2 2 w2hn figs-metonymy 0 Moab will die Here “Moab” represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 2 2 zm8i 0 in an uproar An uproar is a very loud noise. -AMO 2 3 c3j7 0 the judge in her “the ruler of Moab” -AMO 2 3 bj82 0 all the princes “all the officials” or “all the leaders” +AMO 2 3 c3j7 0 the judge in her Alternate translation: “the ruler of Moab” +AMO 2 3 bj82 0 all the princes Alternate translation: “all the officials” or “all the leaders” AMO 2 4 fu1p 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). AMO 2 4 csn5 figs-metonymy 0 Judah This represents the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 2 4 gt89 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he will punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ AMO 2 9 zc8z 0 oaks oak trees AMO 2 9 b3lg figs-idiom 0 Yet I destroyed his fruit above and his roots below How Yahweh completely destroyed the Amorites is pictured as a tree being destroyed from top to bottom. Alternate translation: “Yet I destroyed them completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) AMO 2 11 xf7b 0 General Information: The words “your” and “you” in these verses refer to the people of Israel. AMO 2 11 d8dg 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. -AMO 2 11 yd3w 0 raised up “appointed” +AMO 2 11 yd3w 0 raised up Alternate translation: “appointed” AMO 2 11 hfp4 figs-activepassive 0 Is it not so, people of Israel? Yahweh asks this question to emphasize what he has said. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You people of Israel certainly know that what I have said is true!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) AMO 2 11 ar32 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) AMO 2 13 gch1 0 General Information: The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Israel. @@ -112,11 +112,11 @@ AMO 2 15 pt37 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment AMO 2 15 qs5b 0 The archer will not stand Here “stand” means to keep one’s place in battle. AMO 2 15 q2w6 figs-explicit 0 the fast runner will not escape The implied information is that the fast runner will not escape from his enemies. Alternate translation: “the fast runner will be captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 2 16 c22v figs-metonymy 0 flee naked This could mean: (1) this is a metonym for “run away without his weapons” or (2) this is meant literally as “run away wearing no clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AMO 2 16 i9l6 0 in that day “at that time” +AMO 2 16 i9l6 0 in that day Alternate translation: “at that time” AMO 2 16 szp1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) AMO 3 intro gtz5 0 # Amos 3 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Amos continues to use poetic form in this chapter to prophesy the disaster coming to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Rhetorical Questions
This chapter begins with a number of rhetorical questions. The last question provides the reader with some answers: “Yahweh has certainly spoken through his prophets. So listen to them.” The answer to these rhetorical questions have the expected response of “no” because they are things that are not expected to happen. The writer is helping the reader to conclude that God uses the prophets to speak his message. -AMO 3 1 em48 0 Hear this word “Hear this message” or “Listen to this message” -AMO 3 1 k2d9 0 that Yahweh has spoken against you … against the whole family “this word that Yahweh has spoken about you … about the whole family” or “Yahweh’s message about you … about the whole family” +AMO 3 1 em48 0 Hear this word Alternate translation: “Hear this message” or “Listen to this message” +AMO 3 1 k2d9 0 that Yahweh has spoken against you … against the whole family Alternate translation: “this word that Yahweh has spoken about you … about the whole family” or “Yahweh’s message about you … about the whole family” AMO 3 1 kc3z 0 you, people of Israel … the whole family that I brought up out of the land of Egypt These two phrases refer to the same group of people. The people God is speaking to are the descendants of those he had taken out of Egypt. AMO 3 1 kg5e figs-metonymy 0 the whole family Here “the whole family” represents to the whole nation. The people of Israel were all descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “the whole nation” or “the whole clan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 3 2 zb95 figs-explicit 0 I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth This implies that they should have obeyed him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth, so you should have obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ AMO 3 9 w5vx figs-abstractnouns 0 what oppression is in her Here “oppression AMO 3 10 qk73 0 For they do not know how to do right The word “they” refers to the people of Samaria. AMO 3 10 v5xa figs-metonymy 0 They store up violence and destruction Here “violence and destruction” represent things they have taken by being violent and destructive. Alternate translation: “They store up things that they have violently stolen from others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 3 11 zag9 figs-explicit 0 Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says It can be stated clearly who God was saying this to. Alternate translation: “Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says to the people of Israel living in Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AMO 3 11 av1v 0 An enemy will surround the land “An enemy army will surround the land” -AMO 3 11 njz8 0 plunder your fortresses “steal all the things in your fortresses” +AMO 3 11 av1v 0 An enemy will surround the land Alternate translation: “An enemy army will surround the land” +AMO 3 11 njz8 0 plunder your fortresses Alternate translation: “steal all the things in your fortresses” AMO 3 12 j2v9 figs-simile 0 As the shepherd rescues … so will the people of Israel … be rescued The Lord compares the people of Israel being rescued with an unsuccessful attempt to rescue an animal from a lion. They will not be completely rescued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) AMO 3 12 d9dl figs-explicit 0 As the shepherd rescues out of the mouth of the lion two legs only, or a piece of an ear It can be stated clearly that the shepherd tries to rescue the whole animal. Alternate translation: “As the shepherd tries to rescue an animal from the lion’s mouth, but is able to save only two legs or a piece of an ear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 3 12 t7nu figs-genericnoun 0 As the shepherd … the lion Here the phrases “the shepherd” and “the lion” refer to any shepherd or lion. Alternate translation: “As a shepherd … a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ AMO 3 12 wn55 0 they will be left with only the corner of a couch or a piece o AMO 3 12 ln9g 0 couch This is a soft chair big enough to lie down on. AMO 3 13 u9dn figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. They were the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 3 13 tw5j figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -AMO 3 14 agr5 0 in the day that I punish the sins of Israel “when I punish the sins of Israel” +AMO 3 14 agr5 0 in the day that I punish the sins of Israel Alternate translation: “when I punish the sins of Israel” AMO 3 14 z44y figs-metonymy 0 I will also punish the altars of Bethel People sinned against God by worshiping false gods at their altars. Here “punish the altars” represents punishing the people by destroying their altars. Alternate translation: “I will also destroy the altars at Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 3 14 cy5d figs-activepassive 0 The horns of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will cut off the horns of the altars, and the horns will fall to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) AMO 3 14 gi8t 0 horns of the altar People worshiped false gods at their altars. At the top corners of the altars there were pieces of metal shaped like bull horns. These horns were a symbol of the strength of their gods. @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ AMO 4 4 plw6 figs-irony 0 Go to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal and multiply sin Peop AMO 4 4 rpw1 figs-irony 0 bring your sacrifices … every three days God makes these commands in order to show the people that he is angry that even though they do these things, they continue to sin against him in other ways. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You bring your sacrifices … every three days, but it does you no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) AMO 4 4 nz43 0 every three days This could mean: (1) on the third day or (2) every third day. Some versions have “every three years,” because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years. AMO 4 5 uc1y figs-irony 0 Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice … proclaim freewill offerings; announce them, for this pleases God makes these commands in order to show the people that even though they do these things, he is angry because they continue to sin against him in other ways. Use the form in your language that shows that they will do these things no matter what Yahweh says, but these things will do them no good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -AMO 4 5 m5ne 0 announce them “boast about them” +AMO 4 5 m5ne 0 announce them Alternate translation: “boast about them” AMO 4 5 xk7i figs-explicit 0 for this pleases you, you people of Israel Yahweh rebukes them for being proud about their offerings and sacrifices. They think that God should be pleased with them, but he is not. Alternate translation: “for this pleases you, you people of Israel. But it does not please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 4 5 td4d figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) AMO 4 6 tx4m 0 Connecting Statement: God continues to speak to the people of Israel. @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ AMO 4 6 d7qd figs-metonymy 0 I gave you cleanness of teeth Here having clean te AMO 4 6 fi56 figs-metonymy 0 lack of bread Giving them “lack of bread” represents causing them to lack bread, and “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “I caused you not to have enough food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 4 6 j831 figs-metaphor 0 you have not returned to me Returning to God represents submitting again to him. Alternate translation: “you have not submitted again to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 4 6 vsj8 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -AMO 4 7 emt8 0 I also withheld rain from you “I prevented the rain from falling on your crops” +AMO 4 7 emt8 0 I also withheld rain from you Alternate translation: “I prevented the rain from falling on your crops” AMO 4 7 zv4m figs-explicit 0 when there were still three months to the harvest It can be stated clearly that the people needed the rain. Alternate translation: “when there were still three months to the harvest and your crops needed the rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 4 7 nmf3 figs-activepassive 0 One piece of land was rained on This can be stated in active form. The phrase “One piece of land” represents any piece of land.” Alternate translation: “It rained on one piece of land” or “It rained on some pieces of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) AMO 4 7 uw18 figs-genericnoun 0 the piece of land where it did not rain This refers to any piece of land where it did not rain. Alternate translation: “the pieces of land where it did not rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) @@ -202,8 +202,8 @@ AMO 4 8 p5ip figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of h AMO 4 9 cz91 figs-metonymy 0 I afflicted you with blight and mildew Here “afflicted you” represents afflicting their crops. Alternate translation: “I afflicted your crops with blight and mildew” or “I destroyed your crops with blight and mildew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 4 9 s18c 0 blight This is a disease that dries and kills plants. It is caused by the hot wind from the desert. AMO 4 9 q9at 0 mildew This is another disease that kills plants. -AMO 4 10 e3iy 0 I sent a plague on you as on Egypt “I sent a plague on you as I did on Egypt” or “I sent a plague on you as I sent plagues on Egypt” -AMO 4 10 uqf3 0 I sent a plague on you “I caused terrible things to happen to you” +AMO 4 10 e3iy 0 I sent a plague on you as on Egypt Alternate translation: “I sent a plague on you as I did on Egypt” or “I sent a plague on you as I sent plagues on Egypt” +AMO 4 10 uqf3 0 I sent a plague on you Alternate translation: “I caused terrible things to happen to you” AMO 4 10 d4vk figs-metonymy 0 I killed your young men with the sword Here “the sword” represents battle. God killed them by sending enemies to fight against them. Alternate translation: “I made your enemies kill your men in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 4 10 g3ig figs-metonymy 0 carried away your horses God speaks of causing the enemies to steal their horses as if he carried the horses away. Alternate translation: “I made your enemies take away your horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 4 10 l8vu figs-metonymy 0 made the stench of your camp come up to your nostrils A stench is a bad smell. The stench coming up to their nostrils represents them smelling something terrible. It can be stated clearly that the smell was from the dead bodies of those who were killed. Alternate translation: “I made you smell the terrible odor of the dead bodies in your camp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -226,14 +226,14 @@ AMO 5 3 m7h5 figs-explicit 0 The city that went out with a thousand “The city AMO 5 3 xna6 0 will have a hundred left “will have a hundred soldiers who have not been killed” or “will have only a hundred soldiers still alive.” Here being “left” refers to not being killed by the enemy. AMO 5 4 u2lu figs-metaphor 0 Seek me Here “Seek me” represents asking God for help. Alternate translation: “Ask me for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 5 5 gux2 figs-metaphor 0 Do not seek Bethel Here “seek Bethel” represents going to Bethel to ask for help. Alternate translation: “Do not go to Bethel to ask for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AMO 5 5 xc6k 0 nor enter Gilgal “and do not enter Gilgal” +AMO 5 5 xc6k 0 nor enter Gilgal Alternate translation: “and do not enter Gilgal” AMO 5 5 ixk2 figs-metonymy 0 For Gilgal will surely go into captivity Here “Gilgal” represents the people of Gilgal, and going into captivity refers to being captured and taken away. Alternate translation: “For the people of Gilgal will surely be captured and taken away” or “For your enemies will surely capture the people of Gilgal and take them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 5 5 fdq3 figs-metaphor 0 Bethel will become nothing Here “become nothing” represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: “Bethel will be completely destroyed” or “enemies will completely destroy Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 5 6 a5vv figs-metaphor 0 Seek Yahweh Here “Seek Yahweh” represents asking him for help. Alternate translation: “Ask Yahweh for help” or “Ask me, Yahweh, for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 5 6 vc8n figs-simile 0 he will break out like fire Here “break out like a fire” represents destroying things as fire destroys things. Alternate translation: “he will become like a fire that breaks out suddenly and destroys everything” or “he will destroy everything like a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) AMO 5 6 tcz9 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Joseph This phrase is a metonym for the descendants of Joseph. Here it represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” or “Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) AMO 5 6 it6f figs-metaphor 0 It will devour The word “it” refers to the fire, and “devour” represents destroying everything. God destroying everything is spoken of as if a fire were to destroy everything. Alternate translation: “It will destroy everything” or “He will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AMO 5 6 ir1n 0 there will be no one to quench it “there will no one to stop it” or “there will be no one to stop him from destroying everything” +AMO 5 6 ir1n 0 there will be no one to quench it Alternate translation: “there will no one to stop it” or “there will be no one to stop him from destroying everything” AMO 5 7 eqb9 figs-metaphor 0 turn justice into a bitter thing Here “a bitter thing” represents actions that harm people, and “turn justice into a bitter thing” represents harming people rather than doing for them what is just. Alternate translation: “say that they are doing what is just, but instead they harm people” or “refuse to do what is just and harm people instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 5 7 jjl7 figs-metaphor 0 throw righteousness down to the ground This represents treating righteousness as if it were worthless. Alternate translation: “treat righteousness as though it were as unimportant as dirt” or “you despise what is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 5 8 uny6 translate-unknown 0 the Pleiades and Orion People saw patterns in the stars in the sky and gave names to them. These are two of those patterns. Alternate translation: “the stars” or “the groups of stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) @@ -242,12 +242,12 @@ AMO 5 8 jzr4 figs-metaphor 0 calls for the waters … on the surface of the ear AMO 5 8 rb72 0 Yahweh is his name! By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. AMO 5 9 u2if figs-abstractnouns 0 He brings sudden destruction on the strong The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) AMO 5 9 t2g1 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that destruction comes on the fortresses The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -AMO 5 10 s23g 0 They hate anyone “The people of Israel hate anyone” -AMO 5 11 ldj5 0 worked stone “cut stones” or “stones that people have cut” +AMO 5 10 s23g 0 They hate anyone Alternate translation: “The people of Israel hate anyone” +AMO 5 11 ldj5 0 worked stone Alternate translation: “cut stones” or “stones that people have cut” AMO 5 11 sm1t figs-explicit 0 you will not drink their wine The word “their” refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. Alternate translation: “you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 5 12 v579 0 afflict the just, take bribes, and turn aside the needy in the city gate This is a list of some of their sins. AMO 5 12 mkx5 figs-nominaladj 0 the just The word “just” is a nominal adjective that refers to just people. Alternate translation: “just people” or “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -AMO 5 12 c3fm 0 take bribes “let people pay you to do bad things” or “let people pay you to lie about people” +AMO 5 12 c3fm 0 take bribes Alternate translation: “let people pay you to do bad things” or “let people pay you to lie about people” AMO 5 12 pnt4 figs-explicit 0 turn aside the needy in the city gate Here “turn aside the needy” represents telling the needy people to leave. It can be made clear why the needy were at the city gate. Alternate translation: “do not allow poor people to bring their cases to the judges in the city gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 5 12 hqu9 figs-nominaladj 0 the needy The word “needy” is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are in need. Alternate translation: “people in need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) AMO 5 13 zgm3 0 any prudent person is silent Those who do not want the evil people to harm them will not speak out against the evil deeds. Alternate translation: “wise people do not speak about the evil things people are doing” @@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ AMO 5 15 n1sk 0 Hate evil, love good “Hate evil actions, and love good actio AMO 5 15 tqy7 figs-idiom 0 establish justice in the city gate Here “establish justice” represents making sure that justice is done. Alternate translation: “make sure that justice is done in the city gates” or “make sure that the judges make just decisions in the city gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) AMO 5 15 jkw4 figs-explicit 0 in the city gate City gates were where business transactions occurred and judgments were made, because city walls were thick enough to have gateways that produced cool shade from the hot sun Alternate translation: “in your courts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 5 15 eb3d figs-metonymy 0 the remnant of Joseph Here “remnant” refers to people who are still living in Israel after the others are killed or taken away as captives. Here “Joseph” represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. See how you translated “house of Joseph” in [Amos 5:6](../05/06.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph who are still alive” or “those of Israel who survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AMO 5 16 wux6 0 this is what Yahweh says, the God of hosts, the Lord “this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, the Lord says” -AMO 5 16 qyz8 0 Wailing will be in all the squares “People will wail in all the town squares” +AMO 5 16 wux6 0 this is what Yahweh says, the God of hosts, the Lord Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, the Lord says” +AMO 5 16 qyz8 0 Wailing will be in all the squares Alternate translation: “People will wail in all the town squares” AMO 5 16 iv7k 0 Wailing long, loud, sad cries AMO 5 16 d7mv 0 the squares broad open places in the town where people gather AMO 5 16 n1g7 figs-ellipsis 0 the mourners to wail The phrase “they will call” is understood from the beginning of the sentence. Alternate translation: “they will call the mourners to wail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ AMO 5 18 e1im figs-metaphor 0 It will be darkness and not light Here “darknes AMO 5 20 azx9 figs-rquestion 0 Will not the day of Yahweh be darkness and not light? This question emphasizes that bad things will happen then. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “The day of Yahweh will certainly be darkness and not light!” or “Bad things, not good things, will certainly happen on the day of Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) AMO 5 20 l68z figs-rquestion 0 Gloom and no brightness? The words “Will not the day of Yahweh be” is understood from the previous sentence. Like the previous question, it emphasizes that terrible things, not good things, will happen on the day of Yahweh. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will be a time of when terrible things, not good things, will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) AMO 5 21 t6lg figs-doublet 0 I hate, I despise your festivals The word “despise” is a strong word for “hate.” Together the two words emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s hatred for their religious festivals. Alternate translation: “I hate your festivals very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -AMO 5 21 f4xx 0 I take no delight in your solemn assemblies “Your solemn assemblies do not please me at all” +AMO 5 21 f4xx 0 I take no delight in your solemn assemblies Alternate translation: “Your solemn assemblies do not please me at all” AMO 5 23 i5jv figs-metaphor 0 Remove from me the noise of your songs This speaks of the noise of songs as if it could be put somewhere else. It represents stopping singing. Alternate translation: “Stop singing your noisy songs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 5 23 es63 0 noise unpleasant sounds AMO 5 24 nn21 figs-simile 0 let justice flow like water, and righteousness like a constantly flowing stream This represents causing there to be much justice and righteous. Alternate translation: “let there be so much justice that it is like flowing water, and let there be so much righteousness that it is like a constantly flowing stream” or “let justice abound like a flood, and let righteousness abound like a stream that never stops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -289,15 +289,15 @@ AMO 6 2 h68z figs-rquestion 0 Is their border larger than your border? The nota AMO 6 3 hft9 figs-metaphor 0 to those who put off the day of disaster Refusing to believe that Yahweh will cause disaster is spoken of as if the “day of disaster” were an object the people could put far from themselves. Alternate translation: “to those who refuse to believe that I will cause them to experience disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 6 3 k8kh figs-metonymy 0 and make the throne of violence come near Here “throne” is a metonym that represents reign or rule. The people doing evil things, which causes Yahweh to bring disaster on them, is spoken of as if they were causing “violence” to rule them. Alternate translation: “but who are actually causing me to send violent people to destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 6 4 zn5w 0 lie … lounge Israelites at that time usually ate while sitting on a floor cloth or a simple seat. -AMO 6 4 nte4 0 beds of ivory “beds decorated with ivory” or “costly beds” +AMO 6 4 nte4 0 beds of ivory Alternate translation: “beds decorated with ivory” or “costly beds” AMO 6 4 hge8 translate-unknown 0 ivory a white substance made from the teeth and horns of large animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) AMO 6 4 iy9i 0 lounge lie around like lazy people AMO 6 4 t9gg 0 couches soft seats large enough to lie down on AMO 6 5 x1kv 0 they improvise on instruments This could mean: (1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or (2) they invent new instruments. AMO 6 6 wq23 figs-explicit 0 drink wine from bowls This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 6 6 dxk5 figs-metonymy 0 they do not grieve over the ruin of Joseph Here “Joseph” represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “they do not grieve about the descendants of Joseph whom enemies will soon destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AMO 6 7 p1et 0 they will now go into exile with the first exiles “they will be among the first ones to go into exile” or “I will send them into exile first” -AMO 6 7 g684 0 the feasts of those who lounge about will pass away “there will be no more feasts for people to lie around at ease” +AMO 6 7 p1et 0 they will now go into exile with the first exiles Alternate translation: “they will be among the first ones to go into exile” or “I will send them into exile first” +AMO 6 7 g684 0 the feasts of those who lounge about will pass away Alternate translation: “there will be no more feasts for people to lie around at ease” AMO 6 8 kz1e figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) AMO 6 8 l8fw figs-metonymy 0 I detest the pride of Jacob Here “Jacob” represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “I hate the descendants of Jacob because they have become arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 6 8 n646 figs-explicit 0 I hate his fortresses It is implied that Yahweh hates the fortresses because the people believed the fortresses would keep them safe. Alternate translation: “I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -305,9 +305,9 @@ AMO 6 9 y9m6 figs-hypo 0 General Information: In 6:9-10 Amos describes a hypoth AMO 6 9 rz49 figs-explicit 0 if there are ten men left in one house, they will all die This seems to imply that something terrible is happening, and these ten men go into the house to hide. Alternate translation: “if ten men are hiding inside of a house, they will all still die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 6 10 s8i5 0 a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, “Is … you?” The meaning of these words is not clear. This could mean: (1) the “man’s relative” is the one who will “take their bodies up” and “cremate … the corpses,” and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or (2) the “man’s relative” who “comes to take their bodies up” is a different person from “the one who is to cremate … the corpses,” and they talk to each other in the house. Alternate translation: “a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, ‘Is … you?’” AMO 6 10 v4gf 0 cremate to burn a dead body -AMO 6 10 e57y 0 bringing the corpses “bringing the dead bodies” +AMO 6 10 e57y 0 bringing the corpses Alternate translation: “bringing the dead bodies” AMO 6 10 qj51 figs-explicit 0 Then he will say, “Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh’s name.” The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh’s name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh’s attention to them, and he may kill them too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AMO 6 11 bc74 0 look “listen” or “pay attention” +AMO 6 11 bc74 0 look Alternate translation: “listen” or “pay attention” AMO 6 11 q1t3 figs-parallelism 0 the big house will be smashed to pieces, and the little house to bits These two phrases share similar meanings. The contrast between “the big house” and “the little house” means that this refers to all houses. Alternate translation: “all the houses will be smashed into small pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) AMO 6 11 j5da figs-activepassive 0 the big house will be smashed to pieces This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy will smash the big house to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) AMO 6 11 dc2l 0 to pieces … to bits You can use the same word for both of these phrases. @@ -319,18 +319,18 @@ AMO 6 12 fbq3 figs-metaphor 0 Yet you have turned justice into poison Distortin AMO 6 12 w7di figs-parallelism 0 the fruit of righteousness into bitterness This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Distorting what is right is spoken of as if righteousness were a sweet fruit that the people made bitter tasting. Alternate translation: “you distort what is right” or “you punish those who do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 6 13 dfq3 translate-names 0 Lo Debar … Karnaim These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) AMO 6 13 c8kb figs-rquestion 0 Have we not taken Karnaim by our own strength? The people use a question to emphasize that they believe they captured a city because of their own power. Alternate translation: “We captured Karnaim by our own power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AMO 6 14 yze1 0 look “listen” or “pay attention” +AMO 6 14 yze1 0 look Alternate translation: “listen” or “pay attention” AMO 6 14 u8j4 figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) AMO 6 14 alt4 figs-metonymy 0 from Lebo Hamath to the brook of the Arabah Here “Lebo Hamath” represents the northern border of Israel, and “brook of the Arabah” represents the southern border. Alternate translation: “from the northern border of your nation to the southern border” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 6 14 jfe8 0 brook a small river that flows only during the wet season AMO 7 intro vkd3 0 # Amos 7 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter is mainly written as a narrative about the prophet Amos interacting with Yahweh. Yahweh presents three different scenarios of judgment before Amos who pleads with God and he does not carry out His judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Reported speech
In the latter part of the chapter, it is important to follow the conversation carefully to understand who is speaking. There are some instances of “reported speech.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) AMO 7 1 h8xv 0 Look … look The writer is telling the reader that he is about to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this. AMO 7 1 e1ul 0 locust See how you translated this in [Amos 4:9](../04/09.md). -AMO 7 1 s8l3 0 after the king’s harvest “after the king takes his share from the harvest” +AMO 7 1 s8l3 0 after the king’s harvest Alternate translation: “after the king takes his share from the harvest” AMO 7 2 w1h8 figs-ellipsis 0 please forgive The words “your people” or “us” are understood. Alternate translation: “please forgive your people” or “please forgive us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) AMO 7 2 wj76 figs-metonymy 0 how will Jacob survive? For he is so small. Here “Jacob” represents his descendants the Israelites. Alternate translation: “how will we Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 7 4 l39l 0 Look The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this. -AMO 7 4 nk44 0 the Lord Yahweh called on fire to judge “the Lord Yahweh used burning fire to punish the people” +AMO 7 4 nk44 0 the Lord Yahweh called on fire to judge Alternate translation: “the Lord Yahweh used burning fire to punish the people” AMO 7 5 l5ir figs-metonymy 0 how will Jacob survive? For he is so small. Here “Jacob” represents his descendants the Israelites. See how you translated this in [Amos 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “how will the Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 7 7 s6wg 0 plumb line thin rope with a weight at one end used in building to make sure walls stand straight up and down AMO 7 8 tbb9 figs-rquestion 0 what do you see? Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: “tell me what you see.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -354,9 +354,9 @@ AMO 7 17 sqs6 figs-activepassive 0 your land will be measured and divided up Th AMO 7 17 mr3m figs-metaphor 0 an unclean land A land full of people that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the land were physically unclean. Here it means a land other than Israel. Alternate translation: “a foreign land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 8 intro h32s 0 # Amos 8 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

This chapter is written in poetic form and it shows the way Yahweh’s people are sinning and
how he is going to respond. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### “This is the declaration of Yahweh”

This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) AMO 8 1 m4g1 0 Look, a basket of summer fruit! The word “look” here shows that Amos saw something interesting. Alternate translation: “I saw a basket of summer fruit!” -AMO 8 1 i65f 0 summer fruit “ripe fruit” +AMO 8 1 i65f 0 summer fruit Alternate translation: “ripe fruit” AMO 8 2 ixx6 figs-rquestion 0 What do you see, Amos? Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: “Tell me what you see, Amos.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -AMO 8 3 y5rl 0 in that day “at that time” +AMO 8 3 y5rl 0 in that day Alternate translation: “at that time” AMO 8 3 zv6m 0 Silence! This could mean: (1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or (2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh’s punishment. AMO 8 4 jya8 0 Listen to this Amos is speaking to the wealthy merchants who harm those who are poor. AMO 8 4 sm8z figs-nominaladj 0 you who trample the needy and remove the poor of the land This can be restated to remove the nominal adjectives “the needy” and “the poor.” Alternate translation: “you who trample those who are in need and remove those in the land that are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) @@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ AMO 8 7 by14 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh has sworn by the pride of Jacob Here “pri AMO 8 8 dgd5 figs-rquestion 0 Will not the land quake for this, and every one who lives in it mourn? Amos uses a question to emphasize that these things will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the land to shake, and every one who lives in it will mourn.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) AMO 8 8 phh2 figs-simile 0 All of it will rise up like the Nile River … like the river of Egypt Amos compares the rising and sinking of the waters of the Nile River to how Yahweh will cause the land to shake when he judges the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) AMO 8 8 t1gv 0 river of Egypt This is another name for the Nile River. -AMO 8 9 xwg6 0 It will come in that day “It will happen at that time” +AMO 8 9 xwg6 0 It will come in that day Alternate translation: “It will happen at that time” AMO 8 10 ng1i translate-symaction 0 have baldness on every head A person shaves his head to show that he is grieving. Alternate translation: “cause you all to shave your heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) AMO 8 10 tj9n figs-ellipsis 0 like mourning for an only son It is understood that the only son has died. Alternate translation: “like mourning for an only son who has died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) AMO 8 10 g3j6 figs-metaphor 0 a bitter day to its end Terrible and sad things happening during a day is spoken of as if the day had a bitter taste. Alternate translation: “everything that happens at that time will cause you great sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ AMO 8 11 i4s1 figs-metaphor 0 when I will send a famine in the land … but for AMO 8 11 f1wu figs-123person 0 the words of Yahweh This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “words from me, Yahweh” or “my messages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) AMO 8 12 ez94 figs-merism 0 They will stagger from sea to sea; they will run from the north to the east to seek the word of Yahweh Here “sea to sea” and “the north to the east” represent all of the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “They will wander here and there and search all over for the word of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) AMO 8 12 g73n figs-explicit 0 from sea to sea This implies the Dead Sea in the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the west. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AMO 8 13 n4nn 0 In that day “At that time” +AMO 8 13 n4nn 0 In that day Alternate translation: “At that time” AMO 8 13 gxq2 0 faint to lose all strength AMO 8 14 sg5b figs-metonymy 0 by the sin of Samaria Here “sin” represents the false god the people worship in Samaria. Alternate translation: “by the false god of Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 8 14 xsl2 0 As your god lives, Dan This is a way of making a solemn oath. The people declare that they believe the god of Dan is certainly alive to emphasize that they will certainly do what they promise to do. @@ -413,12 +413,12 @@ AMO 9 9 m5bp figs-simile 0 I will shake the house of Israel … as one shakes g AMO 9 9 s4w3 0 sieve a surface with many small holes that allow small things to pass through and keep larger things from passing through AMO 9 10 rxt3 figs-metonymy 0 All the sinners of my people will die by the sword Here “sword” represents their enemies. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill all the sinners of my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 9 10 rgi9 figs-metaphor 0 Disaster will not overtake or meet us Experiencing disaster is spoken of as disaster could overtake or meet someone. Alternate translation: “We will not experience disaster” or “Bad things will not happen to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AMO 9 11 p2kf 0 In that day “At that time” +AMO 9 11 p2kf 0 In that day Alternate translation: “At that time” AMO 9 11 m4ub figs-metaphor 0 I will raise up the tent of David that has fallen Causing the people of Israel to be great again is spoken of as if David’s kingdom were a tent that fell down and Yahweh will set it back up. Alternate translation: “David’s kingdom will be like tent that has fallen down, but I will raise it back up again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AMO 9 11 gh6q 0 close up its breaches “I will repair its walls” -AMO 9 11 pje4 0 I will raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old “I will rebuild its ruins and make it strong like it was long ago” +AMO 9 11 gh6q 0 close up its breaches Alternate translation: “I will repair its walls” +AMO 9 11 pje4 0 I will raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old Alternate translation: “I will rebuild its ruins and make it strong like it was long ago” AMO 9 11 b46a 0 breaches parts of a wall that have fallen down -AMO 9 12 fi4l 0 the remnant of Edom “the remaining part of Edom’s territory” +AMO 9 12 fi4l 0 the remnant of Edom Alternate translation: “the remaining part of Edom’s territory” AMO 9 12 gc63 figs-metonymy 0 all the nations that are called by my name Here “name” represents Yahweh. The idiom “called by my name” means they once belonged to Yahweh. This means that in the past the people had conquered and taken control of these territories. Alternate translation: “all the nations that once belonged to me” or “all the nations that I caused the people of Israel to conquer in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 9 13 v7us 0 Look The writer is telling the reader that he is going to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this. AMO 9 13 q7il figs-metaphor 0 the days will come … when the plowman A future time is spoken of as if “days will come.” Alternate translation: “there will be a time … when the plowman” or “in the future … the plowman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])