From 51f58eab2c54d0f97dda35c2bc64927f4b83f4c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stephen Wunrow Date: Wed, 17 May 2023 15:51:25 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Merge stephenwunrow-tc-create-1 into master by stephenwunrow (#3257) --- tn_MAT.tsv | 105 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 79 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_MAT.tsv b/tn_MAT.tsv index e7ad71dfb3..8a5906ad2a 100644 --- a/tn_MAT.tsv +++ b/tn_MAT.tsv @@ -2037,7 +2037,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 12:50 s0yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν οὐρανοῖς 1 Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God the **Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens” 12:50 gn31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor αὐτός μου ἀδελφὸς, καὶ ἀδελφὴ, καὶ μήτηρ ἐστίν 1 Here Jesus speaks of everyone who does God’s will as if they were his **brother** and **sister** and **mother**. He means that he considers them to be part of his family. Express the idea as you did in the previous verse ([12:49](../12/49.md)). Alternate translation: “I call him my brother and sister and mother” or “he is a person whom I love as if he were my brother and sister and mother” 12:50 wenb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτός 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “he or she” or “such a person” -13:intro s3lu 0 # Matthew 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n6. Jesus tells parables about the kingdom of God (13:1–52)\n * The parable of the sower (13:1–9)\n * Jesus explains why he uses parables (13:10–17)\n * Jesus explains the parable of the sower (13:18–23)\n * The parable of the darnel (13:24–30)\n * The parable of the mustard seed (13:31–32)\n * The parable of the yeast (13:33)\n * Summary statement (13:34–35)\n * Jesus explains the parable of the darnel (13:36–43)\n * The parable of the treasure in the field (13:44)\n * The parable of the pearl (13:45–46)\n * The parable of the net (13:47–50)\n * Jesus concludes his teaching (13:51–52)\n7. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53–17:57)\n * Jesus visits his hometown (13:53–58)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [13:14–15](../13/14.md), which is a quote from [Isaiah 6:9–10](../isa/06/09.md), and in [13:35](../13/35.md), which is a quote from [Psalm 78:2](../psa/78/02.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Farming\n\nJesus refers to many different farming practices in this chapter. In his culture, farmers often threw seeds over their fields, a process called sowing. After throwing the seeds, they would use a tool called a plow to cover the seeds with dirt. Then, they would water and take care of the seeds until they sprouted and grew. Finally, when the plants produced grain or other kinds of crops, they would cut down the plants, separate the edible parts from the inedible parts, and store the edible parts in a safe place. See the notes on the verses in which Jesus discusses farming practices for specific information and translation options.\n\n### Darnel\n\nDarnel are plants that look much like wheat plants. However, they do not produce the same kind of grain, and the grain that they do produce is somewhat poisonous. In your translation, you could refer to a plant that looks like wheat or grain plants, or you could use a descriptive phrase. See the notes for translation options.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Parables\n\nThroughout this chapter, Jesus uses many parables to teach the crowds and his disciples. Each parable is a short story that includes a specific lesson. Jesus uses parables to teach so that people who already know his message will learn more but people who do not know his message will not learn anything (see [13:10–17](../13/10.md)). Jesus explains three of the parables, but he does not explain any of the others. Possible explanations for each parable are included below, but only for help in translation. Your translation should not directly explain the meaning of any parable more than Jesus does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n#### The parable of the sower\n\nIn [13:3–9](../13/03.md), Jesus tells a story about a man who sows seed and about what happens to the seed. Jesus explains this parable in [13:18–23](../13/18.md). Even with this explanation, Christians debate who the sower is, what the seed represents, and what the different areas in the field represent. The sower could be Jesus himself, God, or anyone who preaches the gospel. The seed could be the gospel or the person who hears the gospel. The different areas in the field could be regions or areas where people hear the gospel, different kinds of people, or different ways of responding to the gospel. Most likely, the seed and the area in the field together describe what happens when people respond to the gospel in these four ways.\n\n#### The parable of the darnel\n\nIn [13:24–30](../13/24.md), Jesus tells a story about a farmer who planted good seed and the farmer’s enemy who planted darnel seed in the same field. Jesus explains this parable in [13:37–43](../13/37.md). Jesus is the farmer, and the good seed are people who believe in him. The enemy is the devil, and the darnel seed are people who serve him. The farmer in the story allows the darnel to grow until the harvest, when he has them cut down and burned. Similarly, Jesus allows people who serve the devil to live until this time period ends, when he will have his angels collect these people. Then, he will judge and punish them, and he will reward those who believed in him.\n\n#### The parable of the mustard seed\n\nIn [13:31–32](../13/31.md), Jesus tells a story about how a very small seed (a mustard seed) grows into a very large plant. Most likely, he is describing how his group of followers was very small but will eventually become very large. Jesus mentions that birds nest in the branches of this large plant. Some people think that Jesus is referring to passages like [Ezekiel 17:23](../ezk/17/23.md), which could suggest that the birds represent Gentiles who become part of God’s kingdom. Others think that the detail about the birds simply illustrates how large the plant is. If possible, your translation should allow for all of these interpretations.\n\n#### The parable of the yeast\n\nIn [13:33](../13/33.md), Jesus tells a story about how a woman leavened a large amount of flour with some yeast. Most likely, he is describing how his message and his followers will affect many things. He could be speaking about how his message completely changes people. Or, he could be speaking about how his message and his followers will spread throughout the whole world. Or, he could be speaking about how his message and his followers are small and insignificant but affect the whole world. If possible, your translation should allow for all of these interpretations.\n\n#### The parable of the treasure in the field\n\nIn [13:44](../13/44.md), Jesus tells a story about a worker who discovered a hidden treasure in a field that belonged to someone else. To obtain the treasure, the worker sold everything that he had and bought the field. Most likely, Jesus means that being part of God’s kingdom is very valuable, like a treasure, and people should be willing to give up everything to be part of the kingdom.\n\n#### The parable of the pearl\n\nIn [13:45–46](../13/45.md), Jesus tells a story about a merchant who wanted to obtain valuable pearls. When he saw a very expensive pearl, he sold everything that he had and bought the pearl. Most likely, Jesus means that being part of God’s kingdom is very valuable, like an expensive pearl, and people should be willing to give up everything to be part of the kingdom.\n\n#### The parable of the net\n\nIn [13:47–48](../13/47.md), Jesus tells a story about fishermen who use a net to catch many kinds of fish, some useful and some useless. They sort through the fish, keeping the good ones and throwing away the bad ones. Jesus explains this parable in [13:49–50](../13/49.md). The fish are like people, and the fishermen are like angels. At the end of this time period, the angels will separate righteous people from wicked people, just like the fishermen sorted the fish. Then, the wicked people will be punished, just as the useless fish were thrown away.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to many people around him. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) +13:intro s3lu 0 # Matthew 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n6. Jesus tells parables about the kingdom of God (13:1–52)\n * The parable of the sower (13:1–9)\n * Jesus explains why he uses parables (13:10–17)\n * Jesus explains the parable of the sower (13:18–23)\n * The parable of the darnel (13:24–30)\n * The parable of the mustard seed (13:31–32)\n * The parable of the yeast (13:33)\n * Summary statement (13:34–35)\n * Jesus explains the parable of the darnel (13:36–43)\n * The parable of the treasure in the field (13:44)\n * The parable of the pearl (13:45–46)\n * The parable of the net (13:47–50)\n * Jesus concludes his teaching (13:51–52)\n7. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53–17:57)\n * Jesus visits his hometown (13:53–58)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [13:14–15](../13/14.md), which is a quote from [Isaiah 6:9–10](../isa/06/09.md), and in [13:35](../13/35.md), which is a quote from [Psalm 78:2](../psa/78/02.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Farming\n\nJesus refers to many different farming practices in this chapter. In his culture, farmers often threw seeds over their fields, a process called sowing. After throwing the seeds, they would use a tool called a plow to cover the seeds with dirt. Then, they would water and take care of the seeds until they sprouted and grew. Finally, when the plants produced grain or other kinds of crops, they would cut down the plants, separate the edible parts from the inedible parts, and store the edible parts in a safe place. See the notes on the verses in which Jesus discusses farming practices for specific information and translation options.\n\n### Darnel\n\nDarnel are plants that look much like wheat plants. However, they do not produce the same kind of grain, and the grain that they do produce is somewhat poisonous. In your translation, you could refer to a plant that looks like wheat or grain plants, or you could use a descriptive phrase. See the notes for translation options.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Parables\n\nThroughout this chapter, Jesus uses many parables to teach the crowds and his disciples. Each parable is a short story that includes a specific lesson. Jesus uses parables to teach so that people who already know his message will learn more but people who do not know his message will not learn anything (see [13:10–17](../13/10.md)). Jesus explains three of the parables, but he does not explain any of the others. Possible explanations for each parable are included below, but only for help in translation. Your translation should not directly explain the meaning of any parable more than Jesus does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n- **The parable of the sower** – In [13:3–9](../13/03.md), Jesus tells a story about a man who sows seed and about what happens to the seed. Jesus explains this parable in [13:18–23](../13/18.md). Even with this explanation, Christians debate who the sower is, what the seed represents, and what the different areas in the field represent. The sower could be Jesus himself, God, or anyone who preaches the gospel. The seed could be the gospel or the person who hears the gospel. The different areas in the field could be regions or areas where people hear the gospel, different kinds of people, or different ways of responding to the gospel. Most likely, the seed and the area in the field together describe what happens when people respond to the gospel in these four ways.\n\n- **The parable of the darnel** – In [13:24–30](../13/24.md), Jesus tells a story about a farmer who planted good seed and the farmer’s enemy who planted darnel seed in the same field. Jesus explains this parable in [13:37–43](../13/37.md). Jesus is the farmer, and the good seed are people who believe in him. The enemy is the devil, and the darnel seed are people who serve him. The farmer in the story allows the darnel to grow until the harvest, when he has them cut down and burned. Similarly, Jesus allows people who serve the devil to live until this time period ends, when he will have his angels collect these people. Then, he will judge and punish them, and he will reward those who believed in him.\n\n- **The parable of the mustard seed** – In [13:31–32](../13/31.md), Jesus tells a story about how a very small seed (a mustard seed) grows into a very large plant. Most likely, he is describing how his group of followers was very small but will eventually become very large. Jesus mentions that birds nest in the branches of this large plant. Some people think that Jesus is referring to passages like [Ezekiel 17:23](../ezk/17/23.md), which could suggest that the birds represent Gentiles who become part of God’s kingdom. Others think that the detail about the birds simply illustrates how large the plant is. If possible, your translation should allow for all of these interpretations.\n\n- **The parable of the yeast** – In [13:33](../13/33.md), Jesus tells a story about how a woman leavened a large amount of flour with some yeast. Most likely, he is describing how his message and his followers will affect many things. He could be speaking about how his message completely changes people. Or, he could be speaking about how his message and his followers will spread throughout the whole world. Or, he could be speaking about how his message and his followers are small and insignificant but affect the whole world. If possible, your translation should allow for all of these interpretations.\n\n- **The parable of the treasure in the field** – In [13:44](../13/44.md), Jesus tells a story about a worker who discovered a hidden treasure in a field that belonged to someone else. To obtain the treasure, the worker sold everything that he had and bought the field. Most likely, Jesus means that being part of God’s kingdom is very valuable, like a treasure, and people should be willing to give up everything to be part of the kingdom.\n\n- **The parable of the pearl** – In [13:45–46](../13/45.md), Jesus tells a story about a merchant who wanted to obtain valuable pearls. When he saw a very expensive pearl, he sold everything that he had and bought the pearl. Most likely, Jesus means that being part of God’s kingdom is very valuable, like an expensive pearl, and people should be willing to give up everything to be part of the kingdom.\n\n- **The parable of the net** – In [13:47–48](../13/47.md), Jesus tells a story about fishermen who use a net to catch many kinds of fish, some useful and some useless. They sort through the fish, keeping the good ones and throwing away the bad ones. Jesus explains this parable in [13:49–50](../13/49.md). The fish are like people, and the fishermen are like angels. At the end of this time period, the angels will separate righteous people from wicked people, just like the fishermen sorted the fish. Then, the wicked people will be punished, just as the useless fish were thrown away.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to many people around him. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) 13:1 vx5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ 1 Here, the phrase **On that day** introduces the next major event in the story, an event that happened on the same day as the teaching recorded in the previous chapter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces an event that happened later during the same day. Alternate translation: “Sometime later that day” 13:1 avp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out” 13:1 cy1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς οἰκίας 1 Here Matthew refers to **the house** that Jesus was in while he was teaching what is recorded in the previous chapter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the house where had been” or “of the house in which he had been teaching” @@ -2345,31 +2345,84 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 13:57 w4x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus uses the phrase **in his house** to refer to his closest relatives, like his father, mother, or siblings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “among his closest family members” or “among his father, mother, or siblings” 13:58 e2cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐκ ἐποίησεν ἐκεῖ δυνάμεις πολλὰς, διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “because of their unbelief, he did not do many miracles there” 13:58 nidv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **unbelief**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because they did not believe” -14:intro g5mc 0 # Matthew 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nVerses 1 and 2 continue the account from chapter 13. Verses 3-12 stop the account and speak of things that happened earlier, possibly soon after Satan tempted Jesus (See: [4:12](../mat/04/12.md)). Verse 13 continues the account from verse 2. Be sure to have words in verses 3-12 that tell the reader that Matthew has stopped his account to give new information before he continues. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])\n\n## Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Passive voice\n\nMany sentences in this chapter tell that a person had something happen to him without saying who caused that thing to happen. For example, the writer does not tell who brought John’s head to Herodias’s daughter ([14:11](../mat/14/11.md)). You may have to translate the sentence so that it tells the reader who performed the action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -14:2 pd1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes καὶ εἶπεν τοῖς παισὶν αὐτοῦ, οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰωάννης ὁ Βαπτιστής; αὐτὸς ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο αἱ δυνάμεις ἐνεργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτῷ 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And he said to his servants that this is John the Baptist, and that he has been raised from the dead. Because of this, great powers are working in him” -14:2 nx7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive αὐτὸς ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that God did it. Alternate translation: “God raised him from the dead” -14:2 vve7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification διὰ τοῦτο αἱ δυνάμεις ἐνεργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτῷ 1 Jesus speaks of **the miraculous powers** as if they were a living thing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “this is why God has given him great power to do miracles” -14:3-12 zgp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background γὰρ 1 From here until [14:12](../14/12.md), Jesus gives the reader background information explaining why Herod said that John was raised from the dead. He is explaining how John died. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “For John died in this way:” -14:3 zsvz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because of Herodias, Herod’s brother’s wife, Herod had John arrested, bound, and thrown into prison” -14:3 d3gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο 1 The events described by **arrested**, **bound** and **put in prison** happened in that order. Make sure this is understandable to your audience. Alternate translation: “For Herod first arrested him. Then he bound him and then put him in prison” -14:3 h466 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο 1 Jesus is using the term **Herod** to mean the soldiers who work for him. If it would be helpful to your reader, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Herod sent his soldiers to arrest John, bind him, and put him in prison” -14:3 lr92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου 1 **Philip** was the name of a man who was Herod’s brother. -14:4 n1t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἔλεγεν γὰρ αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰωάννης, οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν αὐτήν. 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For John was saying that it was not lawful for him to have her” -14:6 fvs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τῷ μέσῳ 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express who she was dancing **in the midst** of explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the midst of the guests attending the birthday celebration” -14:6 vdik rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown γενεσίοις δὲ γενομένοις τοῦ Ἡρῴδου 1 In some cultures, people celebrate the day that someone was born. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state what it means explicitly. Alternate translation: “And as they were celebrating Herod’s birthday” -14:8 rhk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἡ δὲ προβιβασθεῖσα ὑπὸ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτῆς 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now she, because her mother urged her beforehand” -14:8 ruy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πίνακι 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could state what the word **platter** means explicitly. Alternate translation: “a large serving plate” -14:9 s8zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καὶ ἐλυπήθη ὁ βασιλεὺς 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The king grieved” -14:9 j6nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκέλευσεν δοθῆναι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “the soldiers” did it. Alternate translation: “Herod commanded that the soldiers give to her” -14:11 nd5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἠνέχθη ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πίνακι, καὶ ἐδόθη τῷ κορασίῳ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could state this in active form. Alternate translation: “someone brought his head on a platter and gave it to the girl” -14:11 pba6 πίνακι 1 See how you translated **platter** in verse [14:8](../14/08.md). -14:12 mq89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντες, ἀπήγγειλαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 The disciples came to Jesus to tell him what happened to John. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the disciples of John went and told Jesus what had happened to John the Baptist” -14:13 id97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background ἀκούσας δὲ, ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνεχώρησεν ἐκεῖθεν ἐν πλοίῳ εἰς ἔρημον τόπον κατ’ ἰδίαν 1 Here, Matthew is providing the reader with background information for what Jesus is about to do. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “After hearing about this, Jesus was going away from there in a boat to an empty place by himself” -14:13 ia39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Matthew implies here that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples” -14:13 ipm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πεζῇ 1 Here, **on foot** is an idiom meaning that they walked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation, with a preceding comma: “walking” -14:15 otp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἡ ὥρα ἤδη παρῆλθεν 1 This phrase means it was late in the day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “it is already late in the day” -14:16 r5gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς 1 The word **You** is plural, referring to the disciples. -14:17 ih48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions εἰ μὴ πέντε ἄρτους 1 If it would appear in your language that the disciples are making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “since we only have five loaves and two fish” +14:intro g5mc 0 # Matthew 14 General Notes\n\n\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nVerses 1 and 2 continue the account from chapter 13. Verses 3-12 stop the account and speak of things that happened earlier, possibly soon after Satan tempted Jesus (See: [4:12](../mat/04/12.md)). Verse 13 continues the account from verse 2. Be sure to have words in verses 3-12 that tell the reader that Matthew has stopped his account to give new information before he continues. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])\n\n## Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Passive voice\n\nMany sentences in this chapter tell that a person had something happen to him without saying who caused that thing to happen. For example, the writer does not tell who brought John’s head to Herodias’s daughter ([14:11](../mat/14/11.md)). You may have to translate the sentence so that it tells the reader who performed the action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +14:1 ny6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ 1 Here, the phrase **At that time** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “While all those things were happening” or “During this period” +14:2 pd1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns οὗτός 1 The pronoun **This** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to him more directly. Alternate translation: “This person” or “This Jesus” +14:2 nx7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom αὐτὸς ἠγέρθη 1 Here, the word **raised** refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable idiom or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He has been restored to life” +14:2 dy2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive αὐτὸς ἠγέρθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, Herod could be implying that: (1) God did it. Alternate translation: “God has raised him” (2) John himself did it. Alternate translation: “He has risen” +14:2 wwe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 Paul is using the adjective **dead** as a noun in order to refer to all people who are **dead**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “from among the dead people” or “from the corpses” +14:2 x4zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Here, the phrase **because of this** introduces the result of what Herod thinks about John being **raised from the dead**. Herod thinks that Jesus has **powers** because he has already **been raised from the dead**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because he has been raised,” +14:2 vve7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification αἱ δυνάμεις ἐνεργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτῷ 1 Here Herod speaks as if **the powers** were people that could **work** in Jesus. He means that Jesus is powerful and can do powerful things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he has his powers” or “he is very powerful” +14:3-4 zgp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο, διὰ Ἡρῳδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ & ἔλεγεν γὰρ αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰωάννης, οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν αὐτήν 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [14:3](../14/03.md) and [14:4](../14/04.md) into a verse bridge, as UST does, in order to include what John said to Herod before stating what Herod did in response. Alternate translation: “For John had said to Herod, ‘It is not lawful for you to have Herodias, the wife of your brother Philip.’ So, because of Herodias, Herod, having seized John, bound him and put him in prison.” +14:3 ybyz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces background information that tells about how John died. This background information continues in [14:4–12](../14/04.md). In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information, not the next event in the story. Alternate translation: “Now sometime earlier,” or “By this time, John had already died. Here is what happened:” +14:3 zsvz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὁ & Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο, διὰ Ἡρῳδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these elements, since the second half of the verse gives the reason for the result that the first half of the verse describes. Alternate translation: “Because of Herodias, the wife of his brother Philip, Herod, having seized John, bound him and put him in prison” +14:3 h466 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ & Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο 1 Here Matthew implies that **Herod** sent his soldiers to do these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Herod sent his soldiers to seize John, bind him, and put him in prison” +14:3 rqfw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ Ἡρῳδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 Here Matthew implies that Herod married **Herodias** after she divorced **Philip**, Herod’s brother. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because of Herodias, whom he married after she divorced his brother Philip” +14:3 ftfc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants Ἡρῳδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 Here Matthew introduces **Herodias** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a woman named Herodias, who was the wife of his brother Philip” +14:3 lr92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Φιλίππου 1 The word **Philip** is the name of a man. +14:3 tqyo rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 It is not certain whether **Philip** was older or younger than **Herod**, but it is slightly more likely that he was older. So, if you have to use a form that refers to an older or younger **brother**, you could state that **Philip** was older. Alternate translation: “his older brother” +14:3 e6zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῦ 1 The pronoun **his** refers to Herod. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Herod’s” +14:4 jpro rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Herod put John in prison. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “He did that because” +14:4 lp4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτῷ 1 The pronoun **him** refers to Herod. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “to Herod” +14:4 n1t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἔλεγεν & αὐτῷ & οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν αὐτήν. 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “was saying to him that it was not lawful for him to have her” +14:5 pajg rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast θέλων αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι 1 Here, the word **wanting** introduces a clause that states something that contrasts with what Herod actually did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “although he wanted to put him to death” or “despite the fact that he wanted to put him to death” +14:5 tx3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτὸν & ἐφοβήθη & αὐτὸν 1 The pronouns **him** and **him** refer to John the Baptist, and the pronoun **he** refers to Herod. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “John … Herod feared … John” +14:5 rtp0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐφοβήθη τὸν ὄχλον 1 Here Matthew implies that Herod both **feared the crowd** and did not have John killed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he feared the crowd and did not put him to death” or “he did not give the order, for he feared the crowd” +14:5 epdd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν ὄχλον 1 Here Matthew implies that Herod feared what **the crowd** would do if he put John to death. They might have rioted or attacked Herod. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what the crowd would do” or “that the crowd might riot” +14:6 d2em rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +14:6 a0u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants γενεσίοις & γενομένοις τοῦ Ἡρῴδου, ὠρχήσατο ἡ θυγάτηρ τῆς Ἡρῳδιάδος 1 Here Matthew introduces **the daughter of Herodias** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “Herodias had a daughter, and the birthday of Herod having come, she danced” +14:6 ggkc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous γενεσίοις & γενομένοις τοῦ Ἡρῴδου 1 Here, the phrase **the birthday of Herod having come** gives the time period in which the following events occur. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that gives the time period in which something happens. Alternate translation: “when it was the birthday of Herod” or “while Herod was celebrating his birthday” +14:6 vdik rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown γενεσίοις & τοῦ Ἡρῴδου 1 In some cultures, people celebrate a **birthday**, the day that someone was born. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of celebration, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “Herod’s birthday celebration” or “the celebrations on the anniversary of Herod’s birth” +14:6 ejhk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship ἡ θυγάτηρ τῆς Ἡρῳδιάδος 1 Here Matthew implies that this woman was **the daughter of Herodias** by a previous husband, probably Philip. She was not the daughter of Herod. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this relationship more explicit. Alternate translation: “the daughter of Herodias and Philip” or “the daughter of Herodias, Herod’s step-daughter,” +14:6 fvs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τῷ μέσῳ 1 Here, the phrase **in the midst** indicates that **the daughter of Herodias** danced so that Herod and the guests at his party could all see her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “before all Herod’s guests” or “in front of everyone” +14:7 yyq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὅθεν 1 Here, the phrase **because of which** introduces what Herod did because Herodias’ daughter pleased him with her dancing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this connection more explicit. Alternate translation: “and because she pleased Herod,” +14:7 f0mg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations μεθ’ ὅρκου, ὡμολόγησεν αὐτῇ δοῦναι ὃ ἐὰν αἰτήσηται 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “he promised with an oath, ‘I will give you whatever you ask.’” +14:8 gnqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +14:8 rhk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive προβιβασθεῖσα ὑπὸ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτῆς 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “her mother having urged her beforehand” +14:8 dptx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προβιβασθεῖσα 1 Here Matthew implies that the woman’s mother, Herodias, had already told her what to ask for if Herod offered to do something for her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having been instructed ahead of time” or “having been told what to request ahead of time” +14:8 dlue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δός μοι & ὧδε ἐπὶ πίνακι, τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ 1 Here the woman implies that she wants Herod to have John killed by having his head cut off and brought to her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Have one of your soldiers behead John the Baptist and then give me his head here, on a platter” +14:8 w4iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative δός μοι 1 This is an imperative, but it communicates a request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a request. Alternate translation: “I ask that you give me” +14:8 ruy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πίνακι 1 A **platter** is a large, flat serving dish. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of dish, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a tray” or “a large serving plate” +14:9 s8zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐλυπήθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “was very sorry” +14:9 qgrl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τοὺς συνανακειμένους 1 Here Matthew indicates two reasons why Herod kept his word. First, he had made **oaths** that he did not want to break. Second, he had promised in front of **the ones reclining to eat with him**, and it would be embarrassing and shameful to break his promise when everyone had heard it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these reasons more explicit. Alternate translation: “but because he had used oaths and because the ones reclining to eat with him had heard what he promised” +14:9 op6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς συνανακειμένους 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would usually recline, or lay on one side, at a table when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. Alternate translation: “the ones sitting down to eat with him” or “the ones eating with him” +14:9 j6nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκέλευσεν δοθῆναι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who would do the action, Matthew implies that one of Herod’s soldiers would do it. Alternate translation: “he commanded that one of his soldiers give it” +14:9 zn1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκέλευσεν δοθῆναι 1 Here Matthew means that Herod **commanded** someone to do what Herodias’ daughter asked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “commanded that someone give her what she had requested” +14:10 v80r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πέμψας, ἀπεκεφάλισεν 1 Here Matthew implies that Herod **sent** one of his soldiers to behead John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having sent a soldier, Herod had him behead” +14:11 nd5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἠνέχθη ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πίνακι, καὶ ἐδόθη τῷ κορασίῳ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could refer to whoever beheaded John, or you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “the soldier who beheaded John brought his head on a platter and gave it to the girl” or “someone brought his head on a platter and gave it to the girl” +14:11 cmcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῦ 1 The pronoun **his** refers to John. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “John’s” +14:11 pba6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πίνακι 1 See how you translated the word **platter** in [14:8](../14/08.md). Alternate translation: “a tray” or “a large serving plate” +14:11 pqqf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ κορασίῳ 1 Here, the word **girl** refers to a woman who has reached puberty but who is still young, probably between 12 and 20 years old. Use a word in your language that refers generally to a young woman who has reached puberty. Alternate translation: “to the young woman” +14:12 csaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προσελθόντες 1 Here Matthew implies that John’s disciples went to the jail where John had been imprisoned. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having visited the place where John had been imprisoned” +14:12 sct4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ πτῶμα 1 Here Matthew implies that this was John’s **corpse**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “John’s corpse” +14:12 up4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντες 1 Here Matthew implies that John’s disciples went to where Jesus was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having come to where Jesus was” +14:12 suei rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” +14:12 mq89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπήγγειλαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here Matthew implies that John’s disciples told Jesus that Herod had executed John. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they told Jesus what had happened to John” +14:13 id97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +14:13 r40v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀκούσας 1 Here Matthew could be implying that Jesus has **heard**: (1) what John’s disciples told him about how Herod executed John (see [14:12](../14/12.md)). Alternate translation: “having heard the news about John’s death” (2) what Herod was saying about how Jesus must be John the Baptist raised from the dead (see [14:2](../14/02.md)). Alternate translation: “having heard what Herod was saying about him” +14:13 ia39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Ἰησοῦς & κατ’ ἰδίαν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples … by themselves” +14:13 noxb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ἐκεῖθεν 1 Here Matthew does not state where Jesus was when he **heard**, so your translation should not identify exactly where Jesus was either. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to wherever Jesus was when he **heard**. Alternate translation: “from where he was” or “from the place where he heard this” +14:13 chbq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀκούσαντες 1 Here Matthew implies that the crowds **heard** that Jesus had gone to **a desolate place**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having heard that Jesus went there” +14:13 ipm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πεζῇ 1 Here, the phrase **on foot** means that the crowds walked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by walking” +14:13 j44h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων 1 Here Matthew refers to **the cities** near the Sea of Galilee, which Jesus had crossed over **in a boat**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from the cities in that region” or “from the cities near the Sea of Galilee” +14:14 v44w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξελθὼν 1 Here Matthew could be implying that Jesus comes out: (1) of the boat in which he traveled across the Sea of Galilee. Alternate translation: “having come out of the boat” or “having disembarked” (2) of the desolate area, where he wanted to be alone. Alternate translation: “having come out of the place where he was alone” +14:14 d7hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone out” +14:14 askz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐσπλαγχνίσθη ἐπ’ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **compassion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “he sympathized with” +14:14 kyji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς ἀρρώστους αὐτῶν 1 Matthew is using the adjective **sick** as a noun to mean sick people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the sick people among them” +14:15 ay6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +14:15 ba9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go προσῆλθον 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went” +14:15 lml8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” +14:15 otp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἡ ὥρα ἤδη παρῆλθεν 1 The clause **the hour has already passed by** means that it is late in the day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the day is about to end” or “the sun is setting” +14:15 iarr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative ἀπόλυσον τοὺς ὄχλους 1 This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “We ask that you send the crowds away” +14:15 a63b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰς κώμας 1 Here the disciples are referring to **villages** that are near the **desolate** place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the nearest villages” or “the villages that are close to this place” +14:16 brfw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus says in a contrast with what the disciples asked him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,” +14:16 r5gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς 1 Here Jesus implies that the disciples should give food to the crowds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “You give them food” +14:17 e4ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what the disciples say in contrast to what Jesus told them to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,” +14:17 a7pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγουσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” +14:17 ih48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions οὐκ ἔχομεν ὧδε, εἰ μὴ 1 If, in your language, it would appear that the disciples were making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “The only food we have here are” +14:17 v8x3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτους 1 The word **loaves** refers to loaves of bread, which are lumps of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of bread, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread” +14:18 jo61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “And” +14:18 qvll rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ & εἶπεν, φέρετέ μοι ὧδε αὐτούς 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples did what Jesus commanded them to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he said, ‘Bring them here to me.’ So they brought them.” 14:19 i34u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 Here, **looked up to heaven** is symbolic for praying. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. 14:19 bf1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis εὐλόγησεν καὶ κλάσας 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “he blessed them, and having broken the food into pieces” 14:19 t7ei rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ τοῖς ὄχλοις 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “and the disciples gave the loaves to the crowds”