DCS-Mirror
/
unfoldingWord_en_tn
mirror of https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn
2
0
Fork 0
Files Issues Releases Wiki Activity See in Reader

Larry's edits to Hebrews 1-2 (#2255) 

Co-authored-by: lrsallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2255
Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Co-committed-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
This commit is contained in:
Larry Sallee 2022-02-18 22:58:40 +00:00
parent f0615d6740
commit 50887744d6
1 changed files with 76 additions and 78 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

154
en_tn_59-HEB.tsv
View File

@ -3,108 +3,106 @@ HEB front intro xy4n 0 # Introduction to Hebrews<br><br>## Part 1: General In
HEB 1 intro aaf9 0 # Hebrews 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter describes how Jesus is more important to us than the angels are.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:5, 7-13, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>### “Our ancestors”<br><br>The writer wrote this letter to Christians who had grown up as Jews. This is why the letter is called “Hebrews.”<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>The author uses rhetorical questions as a way of proving Jesus is better than the angels. Both he and the readers know the answers to the questions, and the writer knows that as the readers think about the answers to the questions, they will realize that God’s Son is more important than any of the angels.<br><br>### Poetry<br><br>Jewish teachers, like the Old Testament prophets, would put their most important teachings in the form of poetry so that the hearers would be able to learn and remember them.
HEB 1 1 c5f3 0 General Information: Although this letter does not mention the recipients to whom it was sent, the author wrote particularly to Hebrews (Jews), who would have understood the many Old Testament references.
HEB 1 1 c5f4 0 General Information: This prologue lays the background for the whole book: the unsurpassing greatness of the Son — the Son is greater than all. The book begins with emphasizing that the Son is better than the prophets and the angels.
HEB 1 2 scr8 ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων 1 in these last days “in these final days.” This phrase refers to the time when Jesus began his ministry, extending until God establishes his complete rule in his creation.
HEB 1 2 d386 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ἐν Υἱῷ 1 through a Son **Son** here is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
HEB 1 2 i93z figs-metaphor ἔθηκεν κληρονόμον πάντων 1 to be the heir of all things The author speaks of the Son as if he will inherit wealth and property from his Father. Alternate translation: “to possess all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 2 gqj8 δι’ οὗ καὶ ἐποίησεν τοὺς αἰῶνας; 1 It is through him that God also made the universe “It is through the Son that God also made all things”
HEB 1 3 hn4q ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης 1 the brightness of God’s glory “the light of his glory.” God’s glory is associated with a very bright light. The author is saying that the Son embodies that light and fully represents God’s glory.
HEB 1 3 b7jc τῆς δόξης καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ 1 glory, the exact representation of his being “glory, the image of God’s being.” The “the exact representation of his being” is similar in meaning to “the brightness of God’s glory.” The Son embodies the character and essence of God and fully represents everything that God is. Alternate translation: “glory and is just like God” or “glory, and what is true about God is true about the Son”
HEB 1 3 ms8z figs-metonymy τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ 1 the word of his power “his powerful word.” Here, **word** refers to a message or command. Alternate translation: “his powerful command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 1 3 l1pg figs-abstractnouns καθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος 1 After he had made cleansing for sins The abstract noun “cleansing” can be expressed as a verb: “making clean.” Alternate translation: “After he had finished making us clean from sins” or “After he had finished purifying us from our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 1 3 f729 figs-metaphor καθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος 1 he had made cleansing for sins The author speaks of forgiving sins as if it were making a person clean. Alternate translation: “he had made it possible for God to forgive our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 3 xij7 translate-symaction ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς 1 he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “he sat down at the place of honor and authority beside the Majesty on high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
HEB 1 3 ir7x figs-metonymy δεξιᾷ τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς 1 the Majesty on high Here, **Majesty** refers to God. Alternate translation: “God Most High” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 1 2 scr8 ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων 1 in these last days This phrase refers to the time when Jesus began his ministry, extending until God establishes his complete rule in his creation. Alternate translation: “in these final days”
HEB 1 2 d386 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱῷ 1 through a Son **Son** here is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
HEB 1 2 i93z figs-metaphor κληρονόμον πάντων 1 to be the heir of all things The author speaks of the Son as if he will inherit wealth and property from his Father. Alternate translation: “to possess all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 2 gqj8 δι’ οὗ καὶ ἐποίησεν τοὺς αἰῶνας; 1 It is through him that God also made the universe Alternate transaltion: “it is through the Son that God also made all things”
HEB 1 3 hn4q ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης 1 the brightness of God’s glory God’s **glory** is associated with a very bright light. The author is saying that the Son embodies that light and fully represents God’s glory. Alternate translation: “the light of his glory”
HEB 1 3 b7jc τῆς δόξης καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ 1 glory, the exact representation of his being The phrase “exact representation of his being** is similar in meaning to **brightness of his glory**. The **of his** embodies the character and essence of God and fully represents everything that God is. Alternate translation: “of his glory and is just like God” or “of his glory, and what is true about God is true about the Son”
HEB 1 3 ms8z figs-metonymy τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ 1 the word of his power Here, **word** refers to a message or command. Alternate translation: “his powerful word” or “his powerful command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 1 3 l1pg figs-abstractnouns καθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος 1 After he had made cleansing for sins The abstract noun **cleansing** can be expressed as a verb: “making clean.” Alternate translation: “after he had finished making us clean from sins” or “after he had finished purifying us from our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 1 3 f729 figs-metaphor καθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος 1 he had made cleansing for sins The author speaks of forgiving **sins** as if it were making a person clean. Alternate translation: “he had made it possible for God to forgive our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 3 xij7 translate-symaction ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς 1 he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high To sit **at the right hand** of God is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “he sat down at the place of honor and authority beside the Majesty on high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
HEB 1 3 ir7x figs-metonymy τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς 1 the Majesty on high Here, **Majesty on high** refers to God. Alternate translation: “of God Most High” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 1 4 mn1p 0 General Information: The first prophetic quotation (You are my son) comes from the Psalms. The prophet Samuel wrote the second one (I will be a father to him). All occurrences of “he” refer to Jesus, the Son. The word **You** refers to Jesus, and the words **I** and **me** refer to God the Father.
HEB 1 4 x4bh γενόμενος 1 He has become “The Son has become”
HEB 1 4 x4bh γενόμενος 1 He has become Alternate transaltion: “the Son has become”
HEB 1 4 fzg3 figs-metonymy ὅσῳ διαφορώτερον παρ’ αὐτοὺς, κεκληρονόμηκεν ὄνομα 1 as the name he has inherited is more excellent than their name Here, **name** refers to honor and authority. Alternate translation: “as the honor and authority he has inherited is superior to their honor and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 1 4 qt7q figs-metaphor κεκληρονόμηκεν 1 he has inherited The author speaks of receiving honor and authority as if he were inheriting wealth and property from his father. Alternate translation: “he has received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 5 ww5h figs-rquestion τίνι γὰρ εἶπέν ποτε τῶν ἀγγέλων, Υἱός μου εἶ σύ…μοι εἰς Υἱόν? 1 For to which of the angels did God ever say, “You are my son … a son to me”? This question emphasizes that God does not call any angel his son. Alternate translation: “For God never said to any of the angels ‘You are my son … a son to me.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 1 5 ww5h figs-rquestion τίνι γὰρ εἶπέν ποτε τῶν ἀγγέλων, Υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε? 1 For to which of the angels did God ever say, “You are my son … a son to me”? This question emphasizes that God does not call any of the **angels** his **son**. Alternate translation: “For God never said to any of the angels ‘You are my son, and I today I have become your father!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 1 5 t48e figs-parallelism Υἱός μου εἶ σύ…ἐγὼ…γεγέννηκά σε 1 You are my son … I have become your father These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
HEB 1 6 b6dy 0 General Information: The first quotation in this section, “All God’s angels … him,” comes from one of the books that Moses wrote. The second quotation, “He is the one who makes … fire,” is from the Psalms.
HEB 1 6 b4s2 figs-metaphor τὸν πρωτότοκον 1 the firstborn This means Jesus. The author refers to him as the “firstborn” to emphasize the Son’s importance and authority over everyone else. It does not imply that there was a time before Jesus existed or that God has other sons like Jesus. Alternate translation: “his honored Son, his only Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 6 n7ph λέγει 1 he says “God says”
HEB 1 7 isd8 figs-metaphor ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα 1 He is the one who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire This could mean: (1) God has made his angels to be spirits who serve him with power like flames of fire. (2) God makes the wind and flames of fire his messengers and servants. In the original language the word for “angel” is the same as “messenger,” and the word for “spirits” is the same as “wind.” With either possible meaning, the point is that the angels serve the Son because he is superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 8 vl1n 0 General Information: This scriptual quotation comes from the Psalms.
HEB 1 8 p1xx πρὸς δὲ τὸν Υἱόν 1 But to the Son he says “But God says this to the Son”
HEB 1 8 b155 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Υἱόν 1 Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
HEB 1 8 ewm4 figs-metonymy ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ Θεὸς, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Your throne, God, is forever and ever The Son’s throne represents his rule. Alternate translation: “You are God, and your reign will last forever and ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 1 6 b6dy καὶ προσκυνησάτωσαν αὐτῷ πάντες ἄγγελοι Θεοῦ 1 General Information: The quotation, **And let all God’s angels worship him**, comes from one of the books that Moses wrote.
HEB 1 6 b4s2 figs-metaphor τὸν πρωτότοκον 1 the firstborn Here, **the firstborn** refers to Jesus. The author refers to him as the **firstborn**to emphasize his importance and authority over everyone else. It does not imply that there was a time before Jesus existed or that God has other sons like Jesus. Alternate translation: “his honored Son, his only Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 6 n7ph λέγει 1 he says Alternate transaltion: “God says”
HEB 1 7 bwuh ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα 1 The quotation, **He who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire**, is from the Psalms.
HEB 1 7 isd8 figs-metaphor ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα 1 He is the one who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire This could mean: (1) God has made his **angels** to be **spirits** who serve him with power like flames of fire. (2) God makes the wind and **flames of fire** his messengers and **servants**. In the original language the word for **angels** is the same as “messengers,” and the word for **spirits** is the same as “wind.” With either possible meaning, the point is that the angels serve the Son because he is superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 8 vl1n ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ Θεὸς, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς εὐθύτητος ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ 1 General Information: This scriptual quotation comes from the Psalms.
HEB 1 8 p1xx πρὸς δὲ τὸν Υἱόν 1 But to the Son he says Alternate transaltion: “But God says this to the Son”
HEB 1 8 b155 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Υἱόν 1 Son **Son** is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
HEB 1 8 ewm4 figs-metonymy ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ Θεὸς, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Your throne, God, is forever and ever The Son’s **throne** represents his rule. Alternate translation: “You are God, and your reign will last forever and ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 1 8 k4cf figs-metonymy ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς εὐθύτητος ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ 1 The scepter of your kingdom is the scepter of justice Here, **scepter** refers to the Son’s rule. Alternate translation: “And you will rule over the people of your kingdom with justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 1 9 t9yw figs-metaphor ἔχρισέν σε…ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου 1 has anointed you with the oil of joy more than your companions Here, **oil of joy** refers to the joy that the Son felt when God honored him. Alternate translation: “has honored you and made you more joyful than anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 10 nsd4 0 General Information: This quotation comes from another Psalm.
HEB 1 10 zp5r 0 Connecting Statement: The author continues explaining that Jesus is superior to the angels.
HEB 1 10 tmu5 κατ’ ἀρχάς 1 In the beginning “Before anything existed”
HEB 1 10 j64k figs-metaphor τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας 1 you laid the earth’s foundation The author speaks of God creating the earth as if he built a building on a foundation. Alternate translation: “you created the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 9 t9yw figs-metaphor ἔχρισέν σε…ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου 1 has anointed you with the oil of joy more than your companions Here, **oil of exultation** refers to the joy that the Son felt when God honored him. Alternate translation: “has honored you and made you more joyful than anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 10 nsd4 καί, σὺ κατ’ ἀρχάς, Κύριε, τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας, καὶ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρανοί 1 General Information: This quotation comes from another Psalm.
HEB 1 10 tmu5 κατ’ ἀρχάς 1 In the beginning Alternate transaltion: “before anything existed”
HEB 1 10 j64k figs-metaphor τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας 1 you laid the earth’s foundation The author speaks of God creating the earth as if he built a building on a **foundation**. Alternate translation: “you created the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 10 r19v figs-metonymy ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρανοί 1 The heavens are the work of your hands Here, **hands** refer to God’s power and action. Alternate translation: “You made the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 1 11 a6le αὐτοὶ ἀπολοῦνται 1 They will perish “The heavens and earth will disappear” or “The heavens and earth will no longer exist”
HEB 1 11 qy4e figs-simile ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσονται 1 wear out like a piece of clothing The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a piece of clothing that will get old and eventually become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HEB 1 11 a6le αὐτοὶ ἀπολοῦνται 1 They will perish Alternate transaltion: “The heavens and earth will disappear” or “The heavens and earth will no longer exist”
HEB 1 11 qy4e figs-simile πάντες ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσονται 1 wear out like a piece of clothing The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a piece of clothing that will get old and eventually become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HEB 1 12 n4hl figs-simile ὡσεὶ περιβόλαιον ἑλίξεις αὐτούς 1 roll them up like a cloak The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a robe or another kind of outer garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HEB 1 12 iv4r figs-simile ὡς ἱμάτιον καὶ ἀλλαγήσονται 1 they will be changed like a piece of clothing The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were clothing that could be exchanged for other clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HEB 1 12 i761 figs-activepassive ἀλλαγήσονται 1 they will be changed You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you will change them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 1 12 v5mf figs-metaphor ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσιν 1 your years do not end Periods of time are used to represent God’s eternal existence. Alternate translation: “your life will never end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 13 pqs9 0 General Information: This quotation comes from another Psalm.
HEB 1 13 kz68 figs-rquestion πρὸς τίνα δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων εἴρηκέν ποτε…τῶν ποδῶν σου? 1 But to which of the angels has God said at any time … feet”? The author uses a question to emphasize that God has never said this to an angel. Alternate translation: “But God has never said to an angel at any time … feet.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 1 13 s6k7 translate-symaction κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου 1 Sit at my right hand To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “Sit in the place of honor beside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
HEB 1 13 ulp5 figs-metaphor ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου, ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου 1 until I make your enemies a stool for your feet Christ’s enemies are spoken of as if they will become an object on which a king rests his feet. This image represents defeat and dishonor for his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 14 fk5v figs-rquestion οὐχὶ πάντες εἰσὶν λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα…κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν? 1 Are not all angels spirits … inherit salvation? The author uses this question to remind the readers that angels are not as powerful as Christ, but they have a different role. Alternate translation: “All angels are spirits who … inherit salvation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 1 13 kz68 figs-rquestion πρὸς τίνα δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων εἴρηκέν ποτε, κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου, ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου? 1 But to which of the angels has God said at any time … feet”? The author uses a question to emphasize that God has never said this to an angel. Alternate translation: “But God has never said to an angel at any time, ‘Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 1 13 s6k7 translate-symaction κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου 1 Sit at my right hand To sit at the **right hand** of God is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “Sit in the place of honor beside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
HEB 1 13 ulp5 figs-metaphor ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου, ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου 1 until I make your enemies a stool for your feet Here Christ’s **enemies** are spoken of as if they will become an object on which a king rests his **feet**. This image represents defeat and dishonor for his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 14 fk5v figs-rquestion οὐχὶ πάντες εἰσὶν λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα, εἰς διακονίαν ἀποστελλόμενα, διὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν? 1 Are not all angels spirits … inherit salvation? The author uses this question to remind the readers that angels are not as powerful as Christ, but they have a different role. Alternate translation: “All angels are spirits who are being sent for service for the sake of those who are going to inherit inherit salvation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 1 14 v541 figs-metaphor διὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν 1 for those who will inherit salvation Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “for those whom God will save” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 intro s2gd 0 # Hebrews 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is about how Jesus is better than Moses, the greatest Israelite.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:6-8, 12-13, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers<br><br>The author probably uses the term “brothers” to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews.
HEB 2 1 x7px 0 Connecting Statement: This is the first of five urgent warnings the author gives.
HEB 2 1 c72f figs-exclusive δεῖ…ἡμᾶς 1 we must Here, **we** refers to the author and includes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
HEB 2 1 c72f figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 we must Here, **us** refers to the author and includes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
HEB 2 1 ayd1 figs-metaphor μήποτε παραρυῶμεν 1 so that we do not drift away from it This could mean: (1) people who stop believing in God’s word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop believing it” (2) people who stop obeying God’s words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop obeying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 2 j4fa figs-explicit εἰ γὰρ ὁ δι’ ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος 1 For if the message that was spoken through the angels The Jews believed that God spoke his law to Moses through angels. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For if the message that God spoke through the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 2 2 j4fa figs-activepassive εἰ γὰρ ὁ δι’ ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος 1 For if the message that was spoken through the angels You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For if the message that God spoke through the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 2 2 k5kb εἰ γὰρ ὁ…λόγος 1 For if the message The author is certain that these things are true. Alternate translation: “Because the message”
HEB 2 2 u52i figs-metonymy πᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔλαβεν ἔνδικον μισθαποδοσίαν 1 every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment Here, **trespass** and **disobedience** stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. Alternate translation: “every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 2 2 y2y7 figs-doublet παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ 1 trespass and disobedience These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
HEB 2 3 fv4q figs-rquestion πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας? 1 how then can we escape if we ignore so great a salvation? The author uses a question to emphasize that the people will certainly receive punishment if they refuse God’s salvation through Christ. Alternate translation: “then God will certainly punish us if we do not pay attention to his message about how God will save us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 2 3 i2zv ἀμελήσαντες 1 ignore “pay no attention to” or “consider unimportant”
HEB 2 3 gm6v figs-activepassive ἥτις ἀρχὴν λαβοῦσα, λαλεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, ὑπὸ τῶν ἀκουσάντων εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐβεβαιώθη 1 This is salvation that was first announced by the Lord and confirmed to us by those who heard it You can state this in active form. The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “The Lord himself first announced the message about how God will save us and then those who heard the message confirmed it to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 2 4 m2p8 κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ θέλησιν 1 according to his will “in just the way he wanted to do it”
HEB 2 5 jh56 0 General Information: The quotation here is from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It continues on through the next section.
HEB 2 5 v7qf 0 Connecting Statement: The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that the earth will one day be under the rule of the Lord Jesus.
HEB 2 5 i3bh οὐ γὰρ ἀγγέλοις ὑπέταξεν 1 For it was not to the angels that God subjected “For God did not make the angels rulers over”
HEB 2 5 rqr9 figs-metonymy τὴν οἰκουμένην τὴν μέλλουσαν 1 the world to come Here, **world** refers to the people who live there. And “to come” means that this is the world in the next age after Christ returns. Alternate translation: “the people who will live in the new world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 2 6 df5a figs-rquestion τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ 1 What is man, that you are mindful of him? This rhetorical question emphasizes the insignificance of humans and expresses surprise that God would pay attention to them. Alternate translation: “Humans are insignificant, and yet you are mindful of them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 2 6 wkd9 figs-idiom ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, ὅτι ἐπισκέπτῃ αὐτόν? 1 Or a son of man, that you care for him? The idiom “son of man” refers to human beings. This rhetorical question means basically the same thing as the first question. It expresses surprise that God would care for humans, who are insignificant. Alternate translation: “Human beings are of little importance, and yet you care for them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 2 6 e47v figs-ellipsis ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου 1 Or a son of man The verb may be supplied from the previous question. Alternate translation: “Or what is a son of man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
HEB 2 7 ka5a figs-metaphor ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν, βραχύ τι παρ’ ἀγγέλους 1 a little lower than the angels The author speaks of people being less important than angels as if the people are standing in a position that is lower than the angels’ position. Alternate translation: “less important than the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 7 tjn6 figs-genericnoun ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν…ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν 1 made man … crowned him Here, these phrases do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general, including both males and females. Alternate translation: “made humans … crowned them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 2 7 s85x figs-metaphor δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν 1 you crowned him with glory and honor The gifts of glory and honor are spoken of as if they were a wreath of leaves placed on the head of a victorious athlete. Alternate translation: “you have given them great glory and honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 8 ac9f figs-genericnoun τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ…αὐτῷ 1 his feet … to him Here, these phrases do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general, including both males and females. Alternate translation: “their feet … to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 2 8 k5j2 figs-metaphor πάντα ὑπέταξας ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ 1 You put everything in subjection under his feet The author speaks of humans having control over everything as if they have stepped on everything with their feet. Alternate translation: “You have given them control over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 2 u52i figs-metonymy πᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔλαβεν ἔνδικον μισθαποδοσίαν 1 every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment Here, **transgression** and **disobedience** stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. Alternate translation: “every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 2 2 y2y7 figs-doublet παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ 1 trespass and disobedience These words **transgression** and **disobedience** mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
HEB 2 3 fv4q figs-rquestion πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας? 1 how then can we escape if we ignore so great a salvation? The author uses this question to emphasize that the people will certainly receive punishment if they refuse God’s **salvation** through Christ. Alternate translation: “then God will certainly punish us if we do not pay attention to his message about how God will save us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 2 3 i2zv ἀμελήσαντες 1 ignore Alternate transaltion: “pay no attention to” or “consider unimportant”
HEB 2 3 gm6v figs-abstractnouns τηλικαύτης…σωτηρίας 1 This is salvation that was first announced by the Lord and confirmed to us by those who heard it The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the amazing way that God saves us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 2 3 dyn1 figs-activepassive πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας? 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord himself first announced the message about how God will save us and then those who heard the message confirmed it to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 2 4 m2p8 κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ θέλησιν 1 according to his will Alternate transaltion: “in just the way he wanted to do it”
HEB 2 5 i3bh οὐ γὰρ ἀγγέλοις ὑπέταξεν 1 For it was not to the angels that God subjected Alternate transaltion: “For God did not make the angels rulers over”
HEB 2 5 rqr9 figs-metonymy τὴν οἰκουμένην τὴν μέλλουσαν 1 the world to come Here, **the world** refers to the people who live there. And **is coming** means that this is the world in the next age after Christ returns. Alternate translation: “the people who will live in the new world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 2 6 jh56 0 General Information: This verse begins a quotation from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It continues on through verse 8.
HEB 2 6 df5a figs-rquestion τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ, ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, ὅτι ἐπισκέπτῃ αὐτόν? 1 What is man, that you are mindful of him? This rhetorical question emphasizes the insignificance of humans and expresses surprise that God would pay attention to them. Alternate translation: “Humans are insignificant, and yet you think about them and take care of them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HEB 2 6 wkd9 figs-idiom ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου 1 Or a son of man, that you care for him? The idiom **a son of man** refers to human beings. Alternate translation: “or any human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HEB 2 6 e47v figs-ellipsis ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου 1 Or a son of man The verb may be supplied from the previous question. Alternate translation: “or what is a son of man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
HEB 2 7 ka5a figs-metaphor ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν, βραχύ τι παρ’ ἀγγέλους 1 a little lower than the angels The author speaks of people being less important than **angels** as if the people are standing in a position that is **lower** than the angels’ position. Alternate translation: “You made him to be less important than the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 7 tjn6 figs-genericnoun ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν, βραχύ τι…ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν 1 made man … crowned him Here, these phrases do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general. Alternate translation: “You made humans a little lower … you crowned them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
HEB 2 7 d4s6 figs-gendernotations 1 Here, these phrases include both males and females. Alternate translation: “You made men and women a little lower … you crowned them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 2 7 s85x figs-metaphor δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν 1 you crowned him with glory and honor The gifts of **glory** and **honor** are spoken of as if they were a wreath of leaves placed on the head of a victorious athlete. Alternate translation: “you have given them great glory and honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 8 ac9f figs-genericnoun τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ…αὐτῷ 1 his feet … to him Here, **his** and **him** do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general. Alternate translation: “their feet … to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
HEB 2 8 k5j2 figs-metaphor πάντα ὑπέταξας ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ 1 You put everything in subjection under his feet The author speaks of humans having control over everything as if they have stepped on everything with their **feet**. Alternate translation: “You have given them control over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 8 rf44 figs-doublenegatives οὐδὲν ἀφῆκεν αὐτῷ ἀνυπότακτον 1 He did not leave anything not subjected to him This double negative means that all things will be subject to Christ. Alternate translation: “God made everything subject to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
HEB 2 8 xy7c οὔπω ὁρῶμεν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ὑποτεταγμένα 1 we do not yet see everything subjected to him “we know that humans are not in control of everything yet”
HEB 2 9 ijd1 0 Connecting Statement: The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that Christ became lower than the angels when he came to earth to suffer death for forgiveness of sins, and that he became a merciful high priest to believers.
HEB 2 9 gi12 βλέπομεν Ἰησοῦν 1 we see him “we know there is one”
HEB 2 8 xy7c οὔπω ὁρῶμεν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ὑποτεταγμένα 1 we do not yet see everything subjected to him Alternate transaltion: “we know that humans are not in control of everything yet”
HEB 2 9 ma4j figs-activepassive ἠλαττωμένον 1 who was made You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 2 9 i4fc παρ’ ἀγγέλους ἠλαττωμένον…δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφανωμένον 1 lower than the angels … crowned with glory and honor See how you translated these words in [Hebrews 2:7](../02/07.md).
HEB 2 9 bil4 figs-metaphor γεύσηται θανάτου 1 he might taste death The experience of death is spoken of as if it were food that people can taste. Alternate translation: “he might experience death” or “he might die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 10 r899 figs-metaphor πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα 1 bring many sons to glory The gift of **glory** is spoken of here as if it were a place to which people could be brought. Alternate translation: “save many sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 10 l95y figs-gendernotations πολλοὺς υἱοὺς 1 many sons Here this refers to believers in Christ, including males and females. Alternate translation: “many believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 2 10 sw9t figs-metaphor τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν 1 the leader of their salvation This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of salvation as if it were a destination and of Jesus as the person who goes before the people on the road and leads them to salvation. Alternate translation: “the one who leads people to salvation” (2) the word translated here as **leader** can mean “founder” and the author speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. Alternate translation: “the one who makes their salvation possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 10 l321 figs-metaphor τελειῶσαι 1 complete Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made complete, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 11 jy9p 0 General Information: This prophetic quotation comes from a Psalm of King David.
HEB 2 11 ky9v ὅ…ἁγιάζων 1 the one who sanctifies “the one who makes others holy” or “the one who makes others pure from sin”
HEB 2 9 bil4 figs-metaphor γεύσηται θανάτου 1 he might taste death The experience of **death** is spoken of as if it were food that people can **taste**. Alternate translation: “he might experience death” or “he might die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 10 r899 figs-metaphor πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα 1 bring many sons to glory The gift of **glory** is spoken of here as if it were a place to which people could be **brought**. Alternate translation: “having saved many sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 10 l95y figs-gendernotations πολλοὺς υἱοὺς 1 many sons Here, **sons** refers to believers in Christ, including males and females. Alternate translation: “many believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 2 10 sw9t figs-metaphor τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν 1 the leader of their salvation This could mean: (1) the word translated here as **author** can mean “founder” and speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. Alternate translation: “the one who makes their salvation possible” (2) the word translated here as **author** can mean “prince” or “leader” and speaks of Jesus as the leader who goes before the people and leads them to salvation. Alternate translation: “the one who leads people to salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 10 l321 figs-metaphor τελειῶσαι 1 complete Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made **perfect**, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 11 jy9p 0 General Information: This verse is a prophetic quotation that comes from a Psalm of King David.
HEB 2 11 ky9v ὅ…ἁγιάζων 1 the one who sanctifies Alternate transaltion: “the one who makes others holy” or “the one who makes others pure from sin”
HEB 2 11 jzw3 figs-activepassive οἱ ἁγιαζόμενοι 1 those who are sanctified You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom he makes holy” or “those whom he makes pure from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 2 11 bj7i figs-explicit ἐξ ἑνὸς 1 have one source You can state clearly who that source is. Alternate translation: “have one source, God himself” or “have the same Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HEB 2 11 ul23 οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται 1 he is not ashamed “Jesus is not ashamed”
HEB 2 11 k1q5 figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοὺς καλεῖν 1 is not ashamed to call them brothers This double negative means that he will claim them as his brothers. Alternate translation: “is pleased to call them his brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
HEB 2 11 a8h9 figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοὺς 1 brothers Here this refers to all who have believed in Jesus, including both men and women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 2 11 bj7i figs-explicit ἐξ ἑνὸς 1 have one source You can state clearly who that *one** is. Alternate translation: “have one source, God himself” or “have the same Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HEB 2 11 ul23 οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται 1 he is not ashamed Alternate transaltion: “Jesus is not ashamed”
HEB 2 11 k1q5 figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοὺς καλεῖν 1 is not ashamed to call them brothers This double negative means that he will claim them as his **brothers**. Alternate translation: “is pleased to call them his brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
HEB 2 11 a8h9 figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοὺς 1 brothers Here, **brothers** refers to all who have believed in Jesus, including both men and women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
HEB 2 12 e88p figs-metonymy ἀπαγγελῶ τὸ ὄνομά σου τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου 1 I will proclaim your name to my brothers Here, **name** refers to the person’s reputation and what they have done. Alternate translation: “I will proclaim to my brothers the great things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HEB 2 12 tn8n ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας 1 from inside the assembly “when believers come together to worship God”
HEB 2 12 tn8n ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας 1 from inside the assembly Alternate transaltion: “when believers come together to worship God”
HEB 2 13 dx1q 0 General Information: The prophet Isaiah wrote these quotations.
HEB 2 13 s1fp καὶ πάλιν, 1 And again, “And a prophet wrote in another scripture passage what Christ said about God:”
HEB 2 13 xap9 figs-metaphor τὰ παιδία 1 the children This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were children. Alternate translation: “those who are like my children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 14 qj3d figs-metaphor τὰ παιδία 1 the children This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were children. Alternate translation: “those who are like my children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 13 s1fp καὶ πάλιν, 1 And again, Alternate transaltion: “And a prophet wrote in another scripture passage what Christ said about God:”
HEB 2 13 xap9 figs-metaphor τὰ παιδία 1 the children This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were **children**. Alternate translation: “those who are like my children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 14 qj3d figs-metaphor τὰ παιδία 1 the children This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were **children**. Alternate translation: “those who are like my children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 14 ndv2 figs-idiom κεκοινώνηκεν αἵματος καὶ σαρκός 1 share in flesh and blood The phrase **flesh and blood** refers to people’s human nature. Alternate translation: “are all human beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
HEB 2 14 fy7a αὐτὸς παραπλησίως μετέσχεν τῶν αὐτῶν 1 he likewise shared in the same “Jesus in the same way shared in flesh and blood” or “Jesus became human in the same way they did”
HEB 2 14 p878 figs-abstractnouns διὰ τοῦ θανάτου 1 through death You can state **death** as a verb. Alternate translation: “by dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 2 14 ij54 figs-abstractnouns τὸ κράτος ἔχοντα τοῦ θανάτου 1 has the power of death You can state **death** as a verb. Alternate translation: “has the power to cause people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 2 15 w3cr figs-metaphor ἀπαλλάξῃ τούτους, ὅσοι φόβῳ θανάτου, διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν, ἔνοχοι ἦσαν δουλείας 1 This was so that he would free all those who through fear of death lived all their lives in slavery The fear of death is spoken of as if it were slavery. Taking away someone’s fear is spoken of as it were freeing that person from slavery. Alternate translation: “This was so he might free all people. For we lived like slaves because we were afraid of dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 16 d4cc figs-metaphor σπέρματος Ἀβραὰμ 1 the seed of Abraham Descendants of Abraham are spoken of as if they were his seed. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 17 agw2 ὤφειλεν 1 it was necessary for him “it was necessary for Jesus”
HEB 2 17 v3pw τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὁμοιωθῆναι 1 like his brothers Here, **brothers** refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “like human beings”
HEB 2 14 fy7a καὶ αὐτὸς παραπλησίως μετέσχεν τῶν αὐτῶν 1 he likewise shared in the same Alternate transaltion: “Jesus in the same way shared in flesh and blood” or “Jesus became human in the same way they did”
HEB 2 14 p878 figs-abstractnouns διὰ τοῦ θανάτου 1 through death You can state the abstract noun **death** as a verb. Alternate translation: “by dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 2 14 ij54 figs-abstractnouns τὸ κράτος ἔχοντα τοῦ θανάτου 1 has the power of death You can state the abstract noun **death** as a verb. Alternate translation: “has the power to cause people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
HEB 2 15 w3cr figs-metaphor ἀπαλλάξῃ τούτους, ὅσοι φόβῳ θανάτου, διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν, ἔνοχοι ἦσαν δουλείας 1 This was so that he would free all those who through fear of death lived all their lives in slavery The **fear of death** is spoken of as if it were **slavery**. Taking away someone’s fear is spoken of as it were freeing that person from slavery. Alternate translation: “This was so he might free all people. For we lived like slaves because we were afraid of dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 2 17 agw2 ὤφειλεν 1 it was necessary for him Alternate transaltion: “it was necessary for Jesus”
HEB 2 17 v3pw τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὁμοιωθῆναι 1 like his brothers Here, **brothers** refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “to become like human beings”
HEB 2 17 u6ch εἰς τὸ ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ λαοῦ 1 he would bring about the pardon of the people’s sins Christ’s death on the cross means that God can forgive sins. Alternate translation: “he would make it possible for God to forgive people’s sins”
HEB 2 18 xde4 figs-activepassive πειρασθείς 1 was tempted You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Satan tempted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 2 18 xde4 figs-activepassive πειρασθείς 1 was tempted You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when Satan tempted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 2 18 a3a6 figs-activepassive πειραζομένοις 1 who are tempted You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Satan is tempting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HEB 3 intro mu26 0 # Hebrews 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:7-11,15, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers<br><br>The author probably uses the term “brothers” to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Harden your hearts<br><br>A person who hardens his heart is a person who will not listen to or obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>The author uses rhetorical questions as a way of warning his readers. Both he and the readers know the answers to the questions, and the writer knows that as the readers think about the answers to the questions, they will realize that they need to listen to God and obey him.
HEB 3 1 m1cv 0 Connecting Statement: This second warning is longer and more detailed and includes chapters 3 and 4. The writer begins by showing that Christ is better than his servant Moses.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
3 HEB 1 intro aaf9 0 # Hebrews 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter describes how Jesus is more important to us than the angels are.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:5, 7-13, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>### “Our ancestors”<br><br>The writer wrote this letter to Christians who had grown up as Jews. This is why the letter is called “Hebrews.”<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>The author uses rhetorical questions as a way of proving Jesus is better than the angels. Both he and the readers know the answers to the questions, and the writer knows that as the readers think about the answers to the questions, they will realize that God’s Son is more important than any of the angels.<br><br>### Poetry<br><br>Jewish teachers, like the Old Testament prophets, would put their most important teachings in the form of poetry so that the hearers would be able to learn and remember them.
4 HEB 1 1 c5f3 0 General Information: Although this letter does not mention the recipients to whom it was sent, the author wrote particularly to Hebrews (Jews), who would have understood the many Old Testament references.
5 HEB 1 1 c5f4 0 General Information: This prologue lays the background for the whole book: the unsurpassing greatness of the Son — the Son is greater than all. The book begins with emphasizing that the Son is better than the prophets and the angels.
6 HEB 1 2 scr8 ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων 1 in these last days “in these final days.” This phrase refers to the time when Jesus began his ministry, extending until God establishes his complete rule in his creation. This phrase refers to the time when Jesus began his ministry, extending until God establishes his complete rule in his creation. Alternate translation: “in these final days”
7 HEB 1 2 d386 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ἐν Υἱῷ Υἱῷ 1 through a Son **Son** here is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
8 HEB 1 2 i93z figs-metaphor ἔθηκεν κληρονόμον πάντων κληρονόμον πάντων 1 to be the heir of all things The author speaks of the Son as if he will inherit wealth and property from his Father. Alternate translation: “to possess all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9 HEB 1 2 gqj8 δι’ οὗ καὶ ἐποίησεν τοὺς αἰῶνας; 1 It is through him that God also made the universe “It is through the Son that God also made all things” Alternate transaltion: “it is through the Son that God also made all things”
10 HEB 1 3 hn4q ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης 1 the brightness of God’s glory “the light of his glory.” God’s glory is associated with a very bright light. The author is saying that the Son embodies that light and fully represents God’s glory. God’s **glory** is associated with a very bright light. The author is saying that the Son embodies that light and fully represents God’s glory. Alternate translation: “the light of his glory”
11 HEB 1 3 b7jc τῆς δόξης καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ 1 glory, the exact representation of his being “glory, the image of God’s being.” The “the exact representation of his being” is similar in meaning to “the brightness of God’s glory.” The Son embodies the character and essence of God and fully represents everything that God is. Alternate translation: “glory and is just like God” or “glory, and what is true about God is true about the Son” The phrase “exact representation of his being** is similar in meaning to **brightness of his glory**. The **of his** embodies the character and essence of God and fully represents everything that God is. Alternate translation: “of his glory and is just like God” or “of his glory, and what is true about God is true about the Son”
12 HEB 1 3 ms8z figs-metonymy τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ 1 the word of his power “his powerful word.” Here, **word** refers to a message or command. Alternate translation: “his powerful command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here, **word** refers to a message or command. Alternate translation: “his powerful word” or “his powerful command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13 HEB 1 3 l1pg figs-abstractnouns καθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος 1 After he had made cleansing for sins The abstract noun “cleansing” can be expressed as a verb: “making clean.” Alternate translation: “After he had finished making us clean from sins” or “After he had finished purifying us from our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract noun **cleansing** can be expressed as a verb: “making clean.” Alternate translation: “after he had finished making us clean from sins” or “after he had finished purifying us from our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
14 HEB 1 3 f729 figs-metaphor καθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος 1 he had made cleansing for sins The author speaks of forgiving sins as if it were making a person clean. Alternate translation: “he had made it possible for God to forgive our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The author speaks of forgiving **sins** as if it were making a person clean. Alternate translation: “he had made it possible for God to forgive our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15 HEB 1 3 xij7 translate-symaction ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς 1 he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “he sat down at the place of honor and authority beside the Majesty on high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) To sit **at the right hand** of God is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “he sat down at the place of honor and authority beside the Majesty on high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
16 HEB 1 3 ir7x figs-metonymy δεξιᾷ τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς 1 the Majesty on high Here, **Majesty** refers to God. Alternate translation: “God Most High” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here, **Majesty on high** refers to God. Alternate translation: “of God Most High” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17 HEB 1 4 mn1p 0 General Information: The first prophetic quotation (You are my son) comes from the Psalms. The prophet Samuel wrote the second one (I will be a father to him). All occurrences of “he” refer to Jesus, the Son. The word **You** refers to Jesus, and the words **I** and **me** refer to God the Father.
18 HEB 1 4 x4bh γενόμενος 1 He has become “The Son has become” Alternate transaltion: “the Son has become”
19 HEB 1 4 fzg3 figs-metonymy ὅσῳ διαφορώτερον παρ’ αὐτοὺς, κεκληρονόμηκεν ὄνομα 1 as the name he has inherited is more excellent than their name Here, **name** refers to honor and authority. Alternate translation: “as the honor and authority he has inherited is superior to their honor and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20 HEB 1 4 qt7q figs-metaphor κεκληρονόμηκεν 1 he has inherited The author speaks of receiving honor and authority as if he were inheriting wealth and property from his father. Alternate translation: “he has received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21 HEB 1 5 ww5h figs-rquestion τίνι γὰρ εἶπέν ποτε τῶν ἀγγέλων, Υἱός μου εἶ σύ…μοι εἰς Υἱόν? τίνι γὰρ εἶπέν ποτε τῶν ἀγγέλων, Υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε? 1 For to which of the angels did God ever say, “You are my son … a son to me”? This question emphasizes that God does not call any angel his son. Alternate translation: “For God never said to any of the angels ‘You are my son … a son to me.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This question emphasizes that God does not call any of the **angels** his **son**. Alternate translation: “For God never said to any of the angels ‘You are my son, and I today I have become your father!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22 HEB 1 5 t48e figs-parallelism Υἱός μου εἶ σύ…ἐγὼ…γεγέννηκά σε 1 You are my son … I have become your father These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
23 HEB 1 6 b6dy καὶ προσκυνησάτωσαν αὐτῷ πάντες ἄγγελοι Θεοῦ 0 1 General Information: The first quotation in this section, “All God’s angels … him,” comes from one of the books that Moses wrote. The second quotation, “He is the one who makes … fire,” is from the Psalms. The quotation, **And let all God’s angels worship him**, comes from one of the books that Moses wrote.
24 HEB 1 6 b4s2 figs-metaphor τὸν πρωτότοκον 1 the firstborn This means Jesus. The author refers to him as the “firstborn” to emphasize the Son’s importance and authority over everyone else. It does not imply that there was a time before Jesus existed or that God has other sons like Jesus. Alternate translation: “his honored Son, his only Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, **the firstborn** refers to Jesus. The author refers to him as the **firstborn**to emphasize his importance and authority over everyone else. It does not imply that there was a time before Jesus existed or that God has other sons like Jesus. Alternate translation: “his honored Son, his only Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25 HEB 1 6 n7ph λέγει 1 he says “God says” Alternate transaltion: “God says”
26 HEB 1 7 isd8 bwuh figs-metaphor ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα 1 He is the one who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire This could mean: (1) God has made his angels to be spirits who serve him with power like flames of fire. (2) God makes the wind and flames of fire his messengers and servants. In the original language the word for “angel” is the same as “messenger,” and the word for “spirits” is the same as “wind.” With either possible meaning, the point is that the angels serve the Son because he is superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The quotation, **He who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire**, is from the Psalms.
27 HEB 1 8 7 vl1n isd8 figs-metaphor ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα 0 1 General Information: He is the one who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire This scriptual quotation comes from the Psalms. This could mean: (1) God has made his **angels** to be **spirits** who serve him with power like flames of fire. (2) God makes the wind and **flames of fire** his messengers and **servants**. In the original language the word for **angels** is the same as “messengers,” and the word for **spirits** is the same as “wind.” With either possible meaning, the point is that the angels serve the Son because he is superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28 HEB 1 8 p1xx vl1n πρὸς δὲ τὸν Υἱόν ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ Θεὸς, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς εὐθύτητος ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ 1 But to the Son he says General Information: “But God says this to the Son” This scriptual quotation comes from the Psalms.
29 HEB 1 8 b155 p1xx guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Υἱόν πρὸς δὲ τὸν Υἱόν 1 Son But to the Son he says This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) Alternate transaltion: “But God says this to the Son”
30 HEB 1 8 ewm4 b155 figs-metonymy guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ Θεὸς, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος τὸν Υἱόν 1 Your throne, God, is forever and ever Son The Son’s throne represents his rule. Alternate translation: “You are God, and your reign will last forever and ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) **Son** is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
31 HEB 1 8 ewm4 figs-metonymy ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ Θεὸς, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Your throne, God, is forever and ever The Son’s **throne** represents his rule. Alternate translation: “You are God, and your reign will last forever and ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32 HEB 1 8 k4cf figs-metonymy ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς εὐθύτητος ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ 1 The scepter of your kingdom is the scepter of justice Here, **scepter** refers to the Son’s rule. Alternate translation: “And you will rule over the people of your kingdom with justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
33 HEB 1 9 t9yw figs-metaphor ἔχρισέν σε…ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου 1 has anointed you with the oil of joy more than your companions Here, **oil of joy** refers to the joy that the Son felt when God honored him. Alternate translation: “has honored you and made you more joyful than anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, **oil of exultation** refers to the joy that the Son felt when God honored him. Alternate translation: “has honored you and made you more joyful than anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34 HEB 1 10 nsd4 καί, σὺ κατ’ ἀρχάς, Κύριε, τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας, καὶ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρανοί 0 1 General Information: This quotation comes from another Psalm.
35 HEB 1 10 zp5r tmu5 κατ’ ἀρχάς 0 1 Connecting Statement: In the beginning The author continues explaining that Jesus is superior to the angels. Alternate transaltion: “before anything existed”
36 HEB 1 10 tmu5 j64k figs-metaphor κατ’ ἀρχάς τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας 1 In the beginning you laid the earth’s foundation “Before anything existed” The author speaks of God creating the earth as if he built a building on a **foundation**. Alternate translation: “you created the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HEB 1 10 j64k figs-metaphor τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας 1 you laid the earth’s foundation The author speaks of God creating the earth as if he built a building on a foundation. Alternate translation: “you created the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
37 HEB 1 10 r19v figs-metonymy ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρανοί 1 The heavens are the work of your hands Here, **hands** refer to God’s power and action. Alternate translation: “You made the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
38 HEB 1 11 a6le αὐτοὶ ἀπολοῦνται 1 They will perish “The heavens and earth will disappear” or “The heavens and earth will no longer exist” Alternate transaltion: “The heavens and earth will disappear” or “The heavens and earth will no longer exist”
39 HEB 1 11 qy4e figs-simile ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσονται πάντες ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσονται 1 wear out like a piece of clothing The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a piece of clothing that will get old and eventually become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
40 HEB 1 12 n4hl figs-simile ὡσεὶ περιβόλαιον ἑλίξεις αὐτούς 1 roll them up like a cloak The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a robe or another kind of outer garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
41 HEB 1 12 iv4r figs-simile ὡς ἱμάτιον καὶ ἀλλαγήσονται 1 they will be changed like a piece of clothing The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were clothing that could be exchanged for other clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
42 HEB 1 12 i761 figs-activepassive ἀλλαγήσονται 1 they will be changed You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you will change them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
43 HEB 1 12 v5mf figs-metaphor ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσιν 1 your years do not end Periods of time are used to represent God’s eternal existence. Alternate translation: “your life will never end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
44 HEB 1 13 pqs9 0 General Information: This quotation comes from another Psalm.
45 HEB 1 13 kz68 figs-rquestion πρὸς τίνα δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων εἴρηκέν ποτε…τῶν ποδῶν σου? πρὸς τίνα δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων εἴρηκέν ποτε, κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου, ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου? 1 But to which of the angels has God said at any time … feet”? The author uses a question to emphasize that God has never said this to an angel. Alternate translation: “But God has never said to an angel at any time … feet.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The author uses a question to emphasize that God has never said this to an angel. Alternate translation: “But God has never said to an angel at any time, ‘Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
46 HEB 1 13 s6k7 translate-symaction κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου 1 Sit at my right hand To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “Sit in the place of honor beside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) To sit at the **right hand** of God is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “Sit in the place of honor beside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
47 HEB 1 13 ulp5 figs-metaphor ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου, ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου 1 until I make your enemies a stool for your feet Christ’s enemies are spoken of as if they will become an object on which a king rests his feet. This image represents defeat and dishonor for his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here Christ’s **enemies** are spoken of as if they will become an object on which a king rests his **feet**. This image represents defeat and dishonor for his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48 HEB 1 14 fk5v figs-rquestion οὐχὶ πάντες εἰσὶν λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα…κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν? οὐχὶ πάντες εἰσὶν λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα, εἰς διακονίαν ἀποστελλόμενα, διὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν? 1 Are not all angels spirits … inherit salvation? The author uses this question to remind the readers that angels are not as powerful as Christ, but they have a different role. Alternate translation: “All angels are spirits who … inherit salvation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The author uses this question to remind the readers that angels are not as powerful as Christ, but they have a different role. Alternate translation: “All angels are spirits who are being sent for service for the sake of those who are going to inherit inherit salvation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
49 HEB 1 14 v541 figs-metaphor διὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν 1 for those who will inherit salvation Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “for those whom God will save” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50 HEB 2 intro s2gd 0 # Hebrews 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is about how Jesus is better than Moses, the greatest Israelite.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:6-8, 12-13, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers<br><br>The author probably uses the term “brothers” to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews.
51 HEB 2 1 x7px 0 Connecting Statement: This is the first of five urgent warnings the author gives.
52 HEB 2 1 c72f figs-exclusive δεῖ…ἡμᾶς ἡμᾶς 1 we must Here, **we** refers to the author and includes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) Here, **us** refers to the author and includes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
53 HEB 2 1 ayd1 figs-metaphor μήποτε παραρυῶμεν 1 so that we do not drift away from it This could mean: (1) people who stop believing in God’s word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop believing it” (2) people who stop obeying God’s words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop obeying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54 HEB 2 2 j4fa figs-explicit figs-activepassive εἰ γὰρ ὁ δι’ ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος 1 For if the message that was spoken through the angels The Jews believed that God spoke his law to Moses through angels. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For if the message that God spoke through the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For if the message that God spoke through the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
55 HEB 2 2 k5kb εἰ γὰρ ὁ…λόγος 1 For if the message The author is certain that these things are true. Alternate translation: “Because the message”
56 HEB 2 2 u52i figs-metonymy πᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔλαβεν ἔνδικον μισθαποδοσίαν 1 every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment Here, **trespass** and **disobedience** stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. Alternate translation: “every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here, **transgression** and **disobedience** stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. Alternate translation: “every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
57 HEB 2 2 y2y7 figs-doublet παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ 1 trespass and disobedience These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) These words **transgression** and **disobedience** mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
58 HEB 2 3 fv4q figs-rquestion πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας? 1 how then can we escape if we ignore so great a salvation? The author uses a question to emphasize that the people will certainly receive punishment if they refuse God’s salvation through Christ. Alternate translation: “then God will certainly punish us if we do not pay attention to his message about how God will save us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The author uses this question to emphasize that the people will certainly receive punishment if they refuse God’s **salvation** through Christ. Alternate translation: “then God will certainly punish us if we do not pay attention to his message about how God will save us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
59 HEB 2 3 i2zv ἀμελήσαντες 1 ignore “pay no attention to” or “consider unimportant” Alternate transaltion: “pay no attention to” or “consider unimportant”
60 HEB 2 3 gm6v figs-activepassive figs-abstractnouns ἥτις ἀρχὴν λαβοῦσα, λαλεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, ὑπὸ τῶν ἀκουσάντων εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐβεβαιώθη τηλικαύτης…σωτηρίας 1 This is salvation that was first announced by the Lord and confirmed to us by those who heard it You can state this in active form. The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “The Lord himself first announced the message about how God will save us and then those who heard the message confirmed it to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the amazing way that God saves us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
61 HEB 2 4 3 m2p8 dyn1 figs-activepassive κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ θέλησιν πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας? 1 according to his will “in just the way he wanted to do it” You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord himself first announced the message about how God will save us and then those who heard the message confirmed it to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
62 HEB 2 5 4 jh56 m2p8 κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ θέλησιν 0 1 General Information: according to his will The quotation here is from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It continues on through the next section. Alternate transaltion: “in just the way he wanted to do it”
63 HEB 2 5 v7qf i3bh οὐ γὰρ ἀγγέλοις ὑπέταξεν 0 1 Connecting Statement: For it was not to the angels that God subjected The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that the earth will one day be under the rule of the Lord Jesus. Alternate transaltion: “For God did not make the angels rulers over”
64 HEB 2 5 i3bh rqr9 figs-metonymy οὐ γὰρ ἀγγέλοις ὑπέταξεν τὴν οἰκουμένην τὴν μέλλουσαν 1 For it was not to the angels that God subjected the world to come “For God did not make the angels rulers over” Here, **the world** refers to the people who live there. And **is coming** means that this is the world in the next age after Christ returns. Alternate translation: “the people who will live in the new world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
65 HEB 2 5 6 rqr9 jh56 figs-metonymy τὴν οἰκουμένην τὴν μέλλουσαν 1 0 the world to come General Information: Here, **world** refers to the people who live there. And “to come” means that this is the world in the next age after Christ returns. Alternate translation: “the people who will live in the new world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) This verse begins a quotation from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It continues on through verse 8.
66 HEB 2 6 df5a figs-rquestion τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ, ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, ὅτι ἐπισκέπτῃ αὐτόν? 1 What is man, that you are mindful of him? This rhetorical question emphasizes the insignificance of humans and expresses surprise that God would pay attention to them. Alternate translation: “Humans are insignificant, and yet you are mindful of them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question emphasizes the insignificance of humans and expresses surprise that God would pay attention to them. Alternate translation: “Humans are insignificant, and yet you think about them and take care of them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
67 HEB 2 6 wkd9 figs-idiom ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, ὅτι ἐπισκέπτῃ αὐτόν? ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου 1 Or a son of man, that you care for him? The idiom “son of man” refers to human beings. This rhetorical question means basically the same thing as the first question. It expresses surprise that God would care for humans, who are insignificant. Alternate translation: “Human beings are of little importance, and yet you care for them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The idiom **a son of man** refers to human beings. Alternate translation: “or any human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
68 HEB 2 6 e47v figs-ellipsis ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου 1 Or a son of man The verb may be supplied from the previous question. Alternate translation: “Or what is a son of man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) The verb may be supplied from the previous question. Alternate translation: “or what is a son of man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
69 HEB 2 7 ka5a figs-metaphor ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν, βραχύ τι παρ’ ἀγγέλους 1 a little lower than the angels The author speaks of people being less important than angels as if the people are standing in a position that is lower than the angels’ position. Alternate translation: “less important than the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The author speaks of people being less important than **angels** as if the people are standing in a position that is **lower** than the angels’ position. Alternate translation: “You made him to be less important than the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70 HEB 2 7 tjn6 figs-genericnoun ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν…ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν, βραχύ τι…ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν 1 made man … crowned him Here, these phrases do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general, including both males and females. Alternate translation: “made humans … crowned them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) Here, these phrases do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general. Alternate translation: “You made humans a little lower … you crowned them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
71 HEB 2 7 s85x d4s6 figs-metaphor figs-gendernotations δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν 1 you crowned him with glory and honor The gifts of glory and honor are spoken of as if they were a wreath of leaves placed on the head of a victorious athlete. Alternate translation: “you have given them great glory and honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, these phrases include both males and females. Alternate translation: “You made men and women a little lower … you crowned them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
72 HEB 2 8 7 ac9f s85x figs-genericnoun figs-metaphor τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ…αὐτῷ δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν 1 his feet … to him you crowned him with glory and honor Here, these phrases do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general, including both males and females. Alternate translation: “their feet … to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) The gifts of **glory** and **honor** are spoken of as if they were a wreath of leaves placed on the head of a victorious athlete. Alternate translation: “you have given them great glory and honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73 HEB 2 8 k5j2 ac9f figs-metaphor figs-genericnoun πάντα ὑπέταξας ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ…αὐτῷ 1 You put everything in subjection under his feet his feet … to him The author speaks of humans having control over everything as if they have stepped on everything with their feet. Alternate translation: “You have given them control over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, **his** and **him** do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general. Alternate translation: “their feet … to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
74 HEB 2 8 k5j2 figs-metaphor πάντα ὑπέταξας ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ 1 You put everything in subjection under his feet The author speaks of humans having control over everything as if they have stepped on everything with their **feet**. Alternate translation: “You have given them control over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
75 HEB 2 8 rf44 figs-doublenegatives οὐδὲν ἀφῆκεν αὐτῷ ἀνυπότακτον 1 He did not leave anything not subjected to him This double negative means that all things will be subject to Christ. Alternate translation: “God made everything subject to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
76 HEB 2 8 xy7c οὔπω ὁρῶμεν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ὑποτεταγμένα 1 we do not yet see everything subjected to him “we know that humans are not in control of everything yet” Alternate transaltion: “we know that humans are not in control of everything yet”
HEB 2 9 ijd1 0 Connecting Statement: The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that Christ became lower than the angels when he came to earth to suffer death for forgiveness of sins, and that he became a merciful high priest to believers.
HEB 2 9 gi12 βλέπομεν Ἰησοῦν 1 we see him “we know there is one”
77 HEB 2 9 ma4j figs-activepassive ἠλαττωμένον 1 who was made You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
78 HEB 2 9 i4fc παρ’ ἀγγέλους ἠλαττωμένον…δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφανωμένον 1 lower than the angels … crowned with glory and honor See how you translated these words in [Hebrews 2:7](../02/07.md).
79 HEB 2 9 bil4 figs-metaphor γεύσηται θανάτου 1 he might taste death The experience of death is spoken of as if it were food that people can taste. Alternate translation: “he might experience death” or “he might die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The experience of **death** is spoken of as if it were food that people can **taste**. Alternate translation: “he might experience death” or “he might die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80 HEB 2 10 r899 figs-metaphor πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα 1 bring many sons to glory The gift of **glory** is spoken of here as if it were a place to which people could be brought. Alternate translation: “save many sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The gift of **glory** is spoken of here as if it were a place to which people could be **brought**. Alternate translation: “having saved many sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81 HEB 2 10 l95y figs-gendernotations πολλοὺς υἱοὺς 1 many sons Here this refers to believers in Christ, including males and females. Alternate translation: “many believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) Here, **sons** refers to believers in Christ, including males and females. Alternate translation: “many believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
82 HEB 2 10 sw9t figs-metaphor τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν 1 the leader of their salvation This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of salvation as if it were a destination and of Jesus as the person who goes before the people on the road and leads them to salvation. Alternate translation: “the one who leads people to salvation” (2) the word translated here as **leader** can mean “founder” and the author speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. Alternate translation: “the one who makes their salvation possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This could mean: (1) the word translated here as **author** can mean “founder” and speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. Alternate translation: “the one who makes their salvation possible” (2) the word translated here as **author** can mean “prince” or “leader” and speaks of Jesus as the leader who goes before the people and leads them to salvation. Alternate translation: “the one who leads people to salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83 HEB 2 10 l321 figs-metaphor τελειῶσαι 1 complete Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made complete, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made **perfect**, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84 HEB 2 11 jy9p 0 General Information: This prophetic quotation comes from a Psalm of King David. This verse is a prophetic quotation that comes from a Psalm of King David.
85 HEB 2 11 ky9v ὅ…ἁγιάζων 1 the one who sanctifies “the one who makes others holy” or “the one who makes others pure from sin” Alternate transaltion: “the one who makes others holy” or “the one who makes others pure from sin”
86 HEB 2 11 jzw3 figs-activepassive οἱ ἁγιαζόμενοι 1 those who are sanctified You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom he makes holy” or “those whom he makes pure from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
87 HEB 2 11 bj7i figs-explicit ἐξ ἑνὸς 1 have one source You can state clearly who that source is. Alternate translation: “have one source, God himself” or “have the same Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) You can state clearly who that *one** is. Alternate translation: “have one source, God himself” or “have the same Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
88 HEB 2 11 ul23 οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται 1 he is not ashamed “Jesus is not ashamed” Alternate transaltion: “Jesus is not ashamed”
89 HEB 2 11 k1q5 figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοὺς καλεῖν 1 is not ashamed to call them brothers This double negative means that he will claim them as his brothers. Alternate translation: “is pleased to call them his brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) This double negative means that he will claim them as his **brothers**. Alternate translation: “is pleased to call them his brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
90 HEB 2 11 a8h9 figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοὺς 1 brothers Here this refers to all who have believed in Jesus, including both men and women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) Here, **brothers** refers to all who have believed in Jesus, including both men and women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
91 HEB 2 12 e88p figs-metonymy ἀπαγγελῶ τὸ ὄνομά σου τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου 1 I will proclaim your name to my brothers Here, **name** refers to the person’s reputation and what they have done. Alternate translation: “I will proclaim to my brothers the great things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
92 HEB 2 12 tn8n ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας 1 from inside the assembly “when believers come together to worship God” Alternate transaltion: “when believers come together to worship God”
93 HEB 2 13 dx1q 0 General Information: The prophet Isaiah wrote these quotations.
94 HEB 2 13 s1fp καὶ πάλιν, 1 And again, “And a prophet wrote in another scripture passage what Christ said about God:” Alternate transaltion: “And a prophet wrote in another scripture passage what Christ said about God:”
95 HEB 2 13 xap9 figs-metaphor τὰ παιδία 1 the children This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were children. Alternate translation: “those who are like my children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were **children**. Alternate translation: “those who are like my children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
96 HEB 2 14 qj3d figs-metaphor τὰ παιδία 1 the children This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were children. Alternate translation: “those who are like my children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were **children**. Alternate translation: “those who are like my children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
97 HEB 2 14 ndv2 figs-idiom κεκοινώνηκεν αἵματος καὶ σαρκός 1 share in flesh and blood The phrase **flesh and blood** refers to people’s human nature. Alternate translation: “are all human beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
98 HEB 2 14 fy7a αὐτὸς παραπλησίως μετέσχεν τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ αὐτὸς παραπλησίως μετέσχεν τῶν αὐτῶν 1 he likewise shared in the same “Jesus in the same way shared in flesh and blood” or “Jesus became human in the same way they did” Alternate transaltion: “Jesus in the same way shared in flesh and blood” or “Jesus became human in the same way they did”
99 HEB 2 14 p878 figs-abstractnouns διὰ τοῦ θανάτου 1 through death You can state **death** as a verb. Alternate translation: “by dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) You can state the abstract noun **death** as a verb. Alternate translation: “by dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
100 HEB 2 14 ij54 figs-abstractnouns τὸ κράτος ἔχοντα τοῦ θανάτου 1 has the power of death You can state **death** as a verb. Alternate translation: “has the power to cause people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) You can state the abstract noun **death** as a verb. Alternate translation: “has the power to cause people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
101 HEB 2 15 w3cr figs-metaphor ἀπαλλάξῃ τούτους, ὅσοι φόβῳ θανάτου, διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν, ἔνοχοι ἦσαν δουλείας 1 This was so that he would free all those who through fear of death lived all their lives in slavery The fear of death is spoken of as if it were slavery. Taking away someone’s fear is spoken of as it were freeing that person from slavery. Alternate translation: “This was so he might free all people. For we lived like slaves because we were afraid of dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The **fear of death** is spoken of as if it were **slavery**. Taking away someone’s fear is spoken of as it were freeing that person from slavery. Alternate translation: “This was so he might free all people. For we lived like slaves because we were afraid of dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
102 HEB 2 16 17 d4cc agw2 figs-metaphor σπέρματος Ἀβραὰμ ὤφειλεν 1 the seed of Abraham it was necessary for him Descendants of Abraham are spoken of as if they were his seed. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Alternate transaltion: “it was necessary for Jesus”
103 HEB 2 17 agw2 v3pw ὤφειλεν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὁμοιωθῆναι 1 it was necessary for him like his brothers “it was necessary for Jesus” Here, **brothers** refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “to become like human beings”
HEB 2 17 v3pw τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὁμοιωθῆναι 1 like his brothers Here, **brothers** refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “like human beings”
104 HEB 2 17 u6ch εἰς τὸ ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ λαοῦ 1 he would bring about the pardon of the people’s sins Christ’s death on the cross means that God can forgive sins. Alternate translation: “he would make it possible for God to forgive people’s sins”
105 HEB 2 18 xde4 figs-activepassive πειρασθείς 1 was tempted You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Satan tempted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when Satan tempted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
106 HEB 2 18 a3a6 figs-activepassive πειραζομένοις 1 who are tempted You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Satan is tempting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
107 HEB 3 intro mu26 0 # Hebrews 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:7-11,15, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers<br><br>The author probably uses the term “brothers” to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Harden your hearts<br><br>A person who hardens his heart is a person who will not listen to or obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>The author uses rhetorical questions as a way of warning his readers. Both he and the readers know the answers to the questions, and the writer knows that as the readers think about the answers to the questions, they will realize that they need to listen to God and obey him.
108 HEB 3 1 m1cv 0 Connecting Statement: This second warning is longer and more detailed and includes chapters 3 and 4. The writer begins by showing that Christ is better than his servant Moses.