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Corrected invalid UHB snippets (#1322)
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Larry Sallee
Gogs
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@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ JOS 6 3 fu9e 0 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Joshua what the peo
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JOS 6 3 eik2 כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 You must do this for six days “You must do this once each day for six days”
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JOS 6 4 b6ml וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹהֲנִ֡ים יִשְׂאוּ֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַיּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן 1 Seven priests must carry seven trumpets of rams’ horns before the ark The seven priests are to march in front of other priests who are carrying the ark and marching around the city.
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JOS 6 5 zdc7 0 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
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JOS 6 5 d5rg וְהָיָ֞ה בִּמְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶן הַיּוֹבֵ֗ל בשמעכם אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר 1 they must sound a long blast with the ram’s horn…of the trumpet The word “they” refers to the seven priests. The “ram’s horn” and “trumpet” refer to the trumpets of rams’ horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](../06/04.md).
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JOS 6 5 d5rg בִּמְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶן הַיּוֹבֵ֗ל 1 they must sound a long blast with the ram’s horn…of the trumpet The word “they” refers to the seven priests. The “ram’s horn” and “trumpet” refer to the trumpets of rams’ horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](../06/04.md).
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JOS 6 5 g97v חוֹמַ֤ת הָעִיר֙ 1 the wall of the city “the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city”
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JOS 6 6 h9cn translate-names נוּן֙ 1 Nun This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 6 6 s5ne שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית 1 Take up the ark of the covenant “Pick up the ark of the covenant”
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@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ JOS 9 4 r5yb בְּעָרְמָ֔ה 1 cunning plan a crafty scheme intended
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JOS 9 5 q9v6 יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים 1 dry and moldy “dry and filled with fungus” or “stale and ruined”
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JOS 9 6 rz8e figs-synecdoche אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 men of Israel This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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JOS 9 7 w599 translate-names הַחִוִּ֑י 1 the Hivites This is another name for the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 9 7 t1r4 figs-rquestion אוּלַ֗י בְּקִרְבִּי֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְאֵ֖יךְ אכרות־לְךָ֥ בְרִֽית 1 Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a covenant with you? Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: “If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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JOS 9 7 t1r4 figs-rquestion אוּלַ֗י בְּקִרְבִּי֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְאֵ֖יךְ אֶֽכְרָת־לְךָ֥ בְרִֽית 1 Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a covenant with you? Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: “If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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JOS 9 10 kam4 translate-names לְסִיחוֹן֙ 1 Sihon This is the name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 9 10 s17h translate-names חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן 1 Heshbon This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 9 10 pz6y translate-names וּלְע֥וֹג 1 Og This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -761,8 +761,7 @@ JOS 21 24 g4ma translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 four cities
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JOS 21 25 e6cl figs-activepassive וּמִֽמַּחֲצִית֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙ 1 From the half tribe of Manasseh, the clan of Kohath was given Taanach This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 21 25 yn8h translate-names אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙…גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן 1 Taanach…Gath Rimmon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 21 26 hn9j translate-names לְמִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָ֖ת 1 clans of the Kohathites The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 21 27 ws1t figs-activepassive וְלִבְנֵ֣י גֵרְשׁוֹן֮ מִמִּשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַלְוִיִּם֒ מֵחֲצִ֞י מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה אֶת־עִיר֙ מִקְלַ֣ט הָרֹצֵ֔חַ אֶת־גלון 1 From the half tribe of Manasseh, to clans of Gershon, these were other Levite clans, and they gave Golan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh, other Levite clans, received from the half tribe of Manasseh Golan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 21 27 knk6 translate-names אֶת־גלון…בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה 1 Golan…Be Eshterah names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 21 27 knk6 translate-names אֶת־גּוֹלָ֤ן…אֶֽת־בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה 1 Golan…Be Eshterah names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 21 27 bmc9 הָרֹצֵ֔חַ 1 killed another unintentionally This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person.
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JOS 21 27 a1zs translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם 1 two cities number of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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JOS 21 28 r9hc translate-names אֶת־קִשְׁי֖וֹן…אֶת־דָּֽבְרַ֖ת 1 Kishion…Daberath names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ RUT 1 22 cx7g writing-endofstory וַתָּ֣שָׁב נָעֳמִ֗י וְ
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RUT 1 22 jdr2 writing-background וְהֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים 1 They came to Bethlehem at the beginning of the harvest of barley. The sentence gives background information, explaining that Naomi and Ruth had arrived in Bethlehem around the time when the Israelites were starting to harvest their barley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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RUT 1 22 bgy3 figs-abstractnouns בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים 1 at the beginning of the harvest of barley ***the barley harvest***. The phrase **the harvest of barley** can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “when the farmers were just beginning to harvest barley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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RUT 2 intro ld2v 0 # Ruth 02 General Notes<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### **Do not go to glean in another field**<br><br>Boaz said this because he could not guarantee their safety in another person’s field. It is assumed that not everyone was as gracious and obedient to the law of Moses as Boaz. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
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RUT 2 1 t2sn writing-participants וּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י מידע לְאִישָׁ֗הּ 1 Now Naomi had a relative of her husband This sentence introduces the next part of the story, in which Ruth meets Boaz. Boaz is introduced here as a new participant in the story. Your language may also have a specific way to introduce new events or new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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RUT 2 1 t2sn writing-participants וּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י מוֹדַ֣ע לְאִישָׁ֗הּ 1 Now Naomi had a relative of her husband This sentence introduces the next part of the story, in which Ruth meets Boaz. Boaz is introduced here as a new participant in the story. Your language may also have a specific way to introduce new events or new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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RUT 2 1 b4q7 אִ֚ישׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל 1 a man of great wealth ***a prominent, wealthy man***. This means that Boaz was prosperous and well known in his community, with a good reputation.
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RUT 2 2 am6a ר֨וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה 1 Ruth, the Moabite woman Here the story resumes. You need to see how your language restarts a story after a break.
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RUT 2 2 c7rk הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה 1 the Moabite woman This is another way of saying the woman was from the country or tribe of Moab.
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@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ RUT 3 2 b4h8 figs-rquestion הֲלֹ֥א בֹ֨עַז֙ מֹֽדַעְתָּ
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RUT 3 2 nd8v figs-informremind הִנֵּה 1 Look The word **Look** indicates that the following statement is very important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-informremind]])
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RUT 3 2 ms25 זֹרֶ֛ה 1 is winnowing To winnow means to separate grain from the unwanted chaff by tossing both the grain and chaff into the air, allowing the wind to blow the chaff away.
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RUT 3 3 ru6z וָסַ֗כְתְּ 1 and anoint yourself This is probably a reference to rubbing sweet-smelling oil on oneself, much as women put on perfume today.
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RUT 3 3 e92h figs-idiom וירדתי הַגֹּ֑רֶן 1 and go down to the threshing floor This refers to leaving the city and heading to the threshing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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RUT 3 4 jdr5 grammar-connect-time-background וִיהִ֣י בְשָׁכְב֗וֹ 1 Then it will be that when he lies down, This is a background clause, explaining when Ruth should watch to see where Boaz sleeps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
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RUT 3 3 e92h figs-idiom וְיָרַ֣דְתְּ הַגֹּ֑רֶן 1 and go down to the threshing floor This refers to leaving the city and heading to the threshing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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RUT 3 4 jdr5 grammar-connect-time-background וִיהִ֣י בְשָׁכְב֗וֹ 1 Then it will be that when he lies down, This is a background clause, explaining when Ruth should watch to see where Boaz sleeps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
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RUT 3 4 ln1m translate-symaction וְגִלִּ֥ית מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖יו 1 and uncover his feet This means to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet so that they would be exposed to the cold air. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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RUT 3 4 l4we ושכבתי 1 and lie down ***and lie down at his feet***
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RUT 3 4 w1u5 וְהוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד לָ֔ךְ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעַשִֽׂין 1 Then he will tell you what you should do The specific custom of that time is unclear, but this is usually understood as a culturally acceptable way for a woman to tell a man that she was willing to marry him. Boaz would understand the custom and accept or reject her offer.
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@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ RUT 3 12 fvq5 גֹּאֵ֖ל קָר֥וֹב מִמֶּֽנִּי 1 a kinsman
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RUT 3 13 gcl8 figs-explicit אִם־יִגְאָלֵ֥ךְ 1 if he will redeem you Boaz is referring to the expectation that the closest male relative of Ruth’s dead husband would marry her and help carry on his family name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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RUT 3 13 tkz9 חַי־יְהוָ֑ה 1 as Yahweh lives ***as surely as Yahweh lives***. This was a common Hebrew vow.
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RUT 3 14 vn8p וַתִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מרגלתו 1 So she lay at his feet Ruth slept at Boaz’ feet. They did not have sex.
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RUT 3 14 dwx1 בטרום יַכִּ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ 1 before anyone could recognize another person This time of day can be spoken of in terms of darkness. Alternate translation: “while it was still dark”
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RUT 3 14 dwx1 בְּטֶ֛רֶם יַכִּ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ 1 before anyone could recognize another person This time of day can be spoken of in terms of darkness. Alternate translation: “while it was still dark”
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RUT 3 15 hj1e הַמִּטְפַּ֧חַת 1 the shawl a piece of cloth worn over the shoulders for warmth
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RUT 3 15 f5zg שֵׁשׁ־שְׂעֹרִים֙ 1 six ephahs of barley The actual amount is not stated. It was enough to be considered generous, yet small enough for Ruth to carry alone. Some think it was about 30 kilograms.
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RUT 3 15 gdn8 וַיָּ֣שֶׁת עָלֶ֔יהָ 1 put it on her The amount of grain was so great that Ruth needed help picking it up to carry it.
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@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ EZR 3 2 eg3w figs-activepassive כַּכָּת֕וּב בְּתוֹרַ֖
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EZR 3 3 t8y7 וַיָּכִ֤ינוּ הַמִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ עַל־מְכ֣וֹנֹתָ֔יו 1 they set the altar on its foundation “mounted the altar on its stand” or “placed the altar on its stand so it would stay there”
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EZR 3 3 bk73 figs-idiom בְּאֵימָ֣ה עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם 1 dread was on them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they were very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EZR 3 3 c33h figs-explicit מֵעַמֵּ֖י הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת 1 because of the people of the land You may need to make explicit what it was about the people of the land that made the Jews afraid. Alternate translation: “because they thought the people of the land wanted to attack them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EZR 3 3 a9a2 ויעל עָלָ֤יו עֹלוֹת֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה עֹל֖וֹת לַבֹּ֥קֶר וְלָעָֽרֶב 1 They offered on it burnt offerings to Yahweh, both the morning and evening burnt offerings One of the first things the people did was to begin offering sacrifices. This was before the temple was rebuilt.
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EZR 3 3 a9a2 וַיַּעֲל֨וּ עָלָ֤יו עֹלוֹת֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה עֹל֖וֹת לַבֹּ֥קֶר וְלָעָֽרֶב 1 They offered on it burnt offerings to Yahweh, both the morning and evening burnt offerings One of the first things the people did was to begin offering sacrifices. This was before the temple was rebuilt.
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EZR 3 4 iej2 figs-explicit אֶת־חַ֥ג הַסֻּכּ֖וֹת 1 the Festival of Shelters This is a festival that was celebrated for eight days during the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It was associated with the time of the exodus when the Israelites lived in tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EZR 3 6 x3mt translate-hebrewmonths מִיּ֤וֹם אֶחָד֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ 1 from the first day of the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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EZR 3 6 cip8 figs-activepassive וְהֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א יֻסָּֽד 1 although the foundation of the temple of Yahweh had not been laid The Jews began the ceremonies of worship even before they started building the temple. Alternate translation: “they had not yet laid the foundation for the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ EZR 5 11 a1ui figs-activepassive דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨א בְנֵ֜ה מִק
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EZR 5 11 y9hr וְשַׁכְלְלֵֽהּ 1 completed “supplied all the equipment for it”
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EZR 5 12 un5r 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in [Ezra 5:11](../05/11.md).
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EZR 5 12 pqp8 הַרְגִּ֤זוּ…לֶאֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֔א 1 provoked the God of heaven to wrath “made the God of heaven become very angry with us”
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EZR 5 12 cy4x figs-metonymy הַ֣ב הִמּ֔וֹ בְּיַ֛ד נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל כסדיא וּבַיְתָ֤ה דְנָה֙ סַתְרֵ֔הּ וְעַמָּ֖ה הַגְלִ֥י 1 he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house and deported the people The hand is a metonym for power or control. Also, “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, the Chaldean, to destroy this house and to take the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EZR 5 12 cy4x figs-metonymy יְהַ֣ב הִמּ֔וֹ בְּיַ֛ד נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל כַּסְדָּאָ֑ה וּבַיְתָ֤ה דְנָה֙ סַתְרֵ֔הּ וְעַמָּ֖ה הַגְלִ֥י לְבָבֶֽל 1 he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house and deported the people The hand is a metonym for power or control. Also, “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, the Chaldean, to destroy this house and to take the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EZR 5 12 sgt7 וּבַיְתָ֤ה דְנָה֙ סַתְרֵ֔הּ 1 destroyed this house “tore down this house”
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EZR 5 13 e3wn כּ֤וֹרֶשׁ מַלְכָּא֙ שָׂ֣ם טְעֵ֔ם בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֥א דְנָ֖ה לִבְּנֵֽא 1 King Cyrus issued a command to rebuild the house of God Cyrus ordered that the people rebuild God’s temple.
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EZR 5 14 q6am 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Ezra 5:7](../05/07.md) continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in ([Ezra 5:11](./11.md)).
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@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ EZR 8 15 cl4j translate-names אַהֲוָ֔א 1 Ahava This is the name of a pla
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EZR 8 16 ufp7 לִֽ֠שְׁמַעְיָה 1 Shemaiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 8:13](../08/13.md).
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EZR 8 16 sw7e וּלְאֶלְנָתָ֨ן וּלְיָרִ֜יב וּלְאֶלְנָתָ֧ן 1 Elnathan…Elnathan…Elnathan There were apparently three men with the same name.
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EZR 8 17 a4dg translate-names אִדּ֨וֹ 1 Iddo This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EZR 8 17 akq5 figs-explicit ואוצאה אוֹתָם֙ 1 Next I sent them The word “them” refers to the nine leaders and two teachers written about in [Ezra 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: “Next I sent those men to Iddo” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EZR 8 17 akq5 figs-explicit וָאֲצַוֶּ֤ה אוֹתָם֙ 1 Next I sent them The word “them” refers to the nine leaders and two teachers written about in [Ezra 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: “Next I sent those men to Iddo” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EZR 8 17 ggi9 translate-names בְּכָסִפְיָ֣א 1 Kasiphia This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EZR 8 17 nq66 וָאָשִׂימָה֩ בְּפִיהֶ֨ם דְּבָרִ֜ים לְ֠דַבֵּר אֶל־אִדּ֨וֹ…לְהָֽבִיא־לָ֥נוּ מְשָׁרְתִ֖ים לְבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ 1 I put in their mouths the words to speak to Iddo…to send to us servants for the house of our God The words “that is” introduces what he told them to say. Alternate translation: “I told them to tell Iddo…to send us servants for the house of God”
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EZR 8 18 kbq4 translate-names מַחְלִ֔י…וְשֵׁרֵֽבְיָ֛ה 1 Sherebiah…Mahli These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -516,6 +516,6 @@ EZR 10 42 ny8e translate-names אֲמַרְיָ֖ה 1 Amariah This is a man’s
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EZR 10 43 cab3 translate-names נְב֑וֹ 1 Nebo This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:29](../02/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EZR 10 43 tih9 translate-names יְעִיאֵ֤ל 1 Jeiel This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:13](../08/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EZR 10 43 tun4 translate-names זָבָ֣ד 1 Zabad This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:27](../10/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EZR 10 43 kb1m translate-names זְבִינָ֔א ידו וְיוֹאֵ֖ל 1 Zebina…Jaddai…Joel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EZR 10 43 kb1m translate-names זְבִינָ֔א יַדַּ֥י וְיוֹאֵ֖ל 1 Zebina…Jaddai…Joel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EZR 10 43 jwl8 translate-names בְּנָיָֽה 1 Benaiah This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:25](../10/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EZR 10 44 f8ms כָּל־אֵ֕לֶּה 1 All of these all the men in the list beginning in [Ezra 10:20](../10/20.md)
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
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NEH front intro k2y2 0 # Introduction to Nehemiah<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Nehemiah<br><br>1. Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem and inspects the walls (1:1-2:20)<br>1. The people rebuild the walls of Jerusalem (3:1-4:23)<br>1. Nehemiah helps the poor and provides an unselfish example (5:1–19)<br>1. Enemies try to slow down the work, but the people finish the walls (6:1–19)<br>1. Nehemiah lists the people who returned from exile (7:6–73)<br>1. Ezra reads the Law of Yahweh and the people respond (8:1-10:39)<br>1. Nehemiah lists the people who lived in and around Jerusalem (11:1–36)<br>1. Nehemiah lists the priests and Levites (12:1–26)<br>1. The people dedicate the walls of Jerusalem (12:27–47)<br>1. Nehemiah corrects problems (13:1–31)<br><br>### What is the Book of Nehemiah about?<br><br>A Jew named Nehemiah lived in Persia and worked for King Artaxerxes. Nehemiah received a report that the walls around Jerusalem were broken down. Nehemiah returned to Jerusalem to help rebuild the city walls. The walls around the city helped protect the city against armies and invaders.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The Book of Nehemiah is named for a Jewish leader named Nehemiah. Translators can use the traditional title “Nehemiah.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Book about Nehemiah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Why were Israelites not allowed to marry people from other nations?<br><br>Foreigners worshiped many false gods. Yahweh did not allow his people to marry foreigners. He knew this would cause the people of Israel to worship false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>### Did all of the people of Israel return to their homeland?<br><br>Many of the Jews remained in Babylon instead of returning to the Promised Land. Many of them were successful in Babylon and desired to remain there. However, this meant that they were unable to worship Yahweh in Jerusalem as their ancestors had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How does the Book of Nehemiah use the term “Israel”?<br><br>The Book of Nehemiah uses the term “Israel” to refer to the kingdom of Judah. It was mostly made up of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The other ten tribes had ended their loyalty to any kings descended from David. God allowed the Assyrians to conquer the other ten tribes and take them into exile. As a result, they mixed with other people groups and did not return to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])<br><br>### Are the events in the Book of Nehemiah told in the order that they actually happened?<br><br>Some of the events in the Book of Nehemiah are not told in the order they actually happened. Translators should pay attention to notes that signal when events are probably out of order.<br>
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NEH 1 intro y5jf 0 # Nehemiah 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### “The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah:”<br>This phrase serves as an introduction to this entire book.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Repentance<br>This chapter is a single long record of Nehemiah’s repentance on behalf of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### I<br>While the author of this book is probably Ezra, the word “I” always refers to Nehemiah.<br><br>### Israel<br>It is uncertain to whom “Israel” refers. It probably does not refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Neither does it likely refer to the twelve tribes of Israel. Instead, it is probably a reference to Israel in the sense of the surviving people group. At Nehemiah’s time, this people group exclusively comprised the tribe of Judah because the other tribes had already been scattered throughout the entire Near East, where they lost their identity, for the most part.<br>
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NEH 1 1 bi9h translate-names נְחֶמְיָ֖ה…חֲכַלְיָ֑ה 1 Nehemiah…Hakaliah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 1 1 qd3e translate-hebrewmonths בְחֹֽדֶשׁ־כסלו 1 in the month of Kislev “Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 1 1 qd3e translate-hebrewmonths בְחֹֽדֶשׁ־כִּסְלֵיו֙ 1 in the month of Kislev “Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 1 1 hn28 figs-explicit שְׁנַ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים 1 in the twentieth year Nehemiah is referring to the number of years that Artaxerxes had been reigning as king. Alternate translation: “in the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, King of Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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NEH 1 1 g6dl בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה׃ 1 fortress of Susa This was one of the royal cities of Persian kings, located in the country of Elam. It was a large, fortified city with high walls surrounding it.
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NEH 1 2 f2ab translate-names חֲנָ֜נִי 1 Hanani This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ NEH 2 13 g1be figs-123person 0 General Information: A few men accompanied Nehem
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NEH 2 13 au61 וָאֵצְאָ֨ה בְשַֽׁעַר־הַגַּ֜יא לַ֗יְלָה 1 I went out by night by the Valley Gate “At night, I went out through the Valley Gate”
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NEH 2 13 pt1h הַתַּנִּ֔ין 1 Jackal a wild dog
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NEH 2 13 mif3 שַׁ֖עַר הָאַשְׁפֹּ֑ת 1 Dung Gate Presumably, refuse was removed from the city through this gate.
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NEH 2 13 a8u1 figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁר־המפרוצים וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ 1 which had been broken open, and the wooden gates were destroyed by fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Israel’s enemies had broken open, and the wooden gates which their enemies had destroyed with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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NEH 2 13 a8u1 figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣ם פְּרוּצִ֔ים וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ 1 which had been broken open, and the wooden gates were destroyed by fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Israel’s enemies had broken open, and the wooden gates which their enemies had destroyed with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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NEH 2 15 l39v figs-synecdoche וָאֱהִ֨י עֹלֶ֤ה בַנַּ֨חַל֙ לַ֔יְלָה וָאֱהִ֥י שֹׂבֵ֖ר בַּחוֹמָ֑ה וָאָשׁ֗וּב וָאָב֛וֹא בְּשַׁ֥עַר הַגַּ֖יְא וָאָשֽׁוּב 1 So I went up…and I turned back The other men with Nehemiah also followed him. Alternate translation: “So we went up…and we turned back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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NEH 2 15 b637 בְּשַׁ֥עַר הַגַּ֖יְא 1 by the Valley Gate “through the Valley Gate”
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NEH 2 16 xd75 figs-explicit וּלְיֶ֨תֶר֙ עֹשֵׂ֣ה הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה 1 the rest who did the work This refers to the men who would later rebuild the walls. Alternate translation: “the others who would later do the work of rebuilding the walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ NEH 3 30 s2s5 אחרי 1 After him “Next to him”
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NEH 3 30 r5y4 translate-names חֲנַנְיָ֣ה…שֶׁלֶמְיָ֗ה וְחָנ֧וּן…צָלָ֛ף…מְשֻׁלָּם֙…בֶּ֣רֶכְיָ֔ה 1 Hananiah…Shelemiah…Hanun…Zalaph…Meshullam…Berechiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 3 30 nn44 translate-ordinal בֶּן־…הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י 1 the sixth son “son 6” or “son number 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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NEH 3 30 bv3t נֶ֖גֶד נִשְׁכָּתֽוֹ 1 opposite his living chambers “in front of the rooms where he stayed.” The word “his” refers to Meshullam.
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NEH 3 31 ifp5 אחרי 1 After him “Next to him”
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NEH 3 31 ifp5 אַחֲרָ֣יו 1 After him “Next to him”
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NEH 3 31 d33p translate-names מַלְכִּיָּה֙ 1 Malkijah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 3 31 uuc7 הַצֹּ֣רְפִ֔י 1 goldsmiths A goldsmith is a person who makes gold jewelry and other gold objects.
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NEH 3 31 lb9z figs-ellipsis הֶחֱזִ֗יק…עַד־בֵּ֥ית 1 repaired to the house These words refer to repairing the wall. Alternate translation: “repaired the wall to the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ NEH 7 2 ykr9 translate-names חֲנָ֣נִי…חֲנַנְיָ֛ה 1 Hanani…
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NEH 7 2 zy5q וָאֲצַוֶּ֞ה אֶת־חֲנָ֣נִי אָחִ֗י וְאֶת־חֲנַנְיָ֛ה שַׂ֥ר 1 I gave my brother Hanani charge “I gave the order for my brother Hanani to be the manager”
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NEH 7 2 iqf3 שַׂ֥ר הַבִּירָ֖ה 1 who had oversight of the fortress “who was in charge of the fortress”
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NEH 7 2 dx6d וְיָרֵ֥א אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים מֵרַבִּֽים 1 feared God more than many “feared God more than many other people”
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NEH 7 3 y2jk ויאמר לָהֶ֗ם 1 I said to them The word “them” refers to Hanani and Hananiah.
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NEH 7 3 y2jk וָאֹמַ֣ר לָהֶ֗ם 1 I said to them The word “them” refers to Hanani and Hananiah.
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NEH 7 3 n55g לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ עַד־חֹ֣ם הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְעַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַדְּלָת֖וֹת וֶאֱחֹ֑זוּ 1 Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot. While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them Possible meanings are 1) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah or 2) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah with the help of the gatekeepers or 3) the gatekeepers did these actions under the direction of Hanani and Hananiah.
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NEH 7 3 w3hi חֹ֣ם הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ 1 the sun is hot “the sun is high in the sky”
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NEH 7 3 b2es וְעַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַדְּלָת֖וֹת וֶאֱחֹ֑זוּ 1 While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them “Shut the doors and bar them while the gatekeepers are still on guard”
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@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ NEH 9 17 v9ib figs-idiom וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔
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NEH 9 17 f1m1 נִפְלְאֹתֶ֨יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֣יתָ עִמָּהֶ֔ם 1 the wonders that you had done among them “the miracles that you had done among them”
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NEH 9 17 gd2b figs-explicit וַיִּתְּנוּ־רֹ֛אשׁ לָשׁ֥וּב לְעַבְדֻתָ֖ם 1 they appointed a leader to return to their slavery The Israelites would know that this referred to their ancestors wanting to return to Egypt. Alternate translation: “they appointed a leader to take them back to Egypt where they had been slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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NEH 9 17 p6nm figs-metaphor וְאַתָּה֩ אֱל֨וֹהַּ סְלִיח֜וֹת 1 who is full of forgiveness The desire to forgive is spoken of as if it were a liquid that could fill a container. Alternate translation: “who is ready to forgive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NEH 9 17 c986 figs-metaphor וְרַב־וחסד 1 abounding in steadfast love Love is spoken of as if it were a food crop that Yahweh could share with people. Alternate translation: “loves his people very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NEH 9 17 c986 figs-metaphor וְרַב־חֶ֖סֶד 1 abounding in steadfast love Love is spoken of as if it were a food crop that Yahweh could share with people. Alternate translation: “loves his people very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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NEH 9 18 hw32 0 Connecting Statement: In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel.
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NEH 9 18 ind6 עָשׂ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ עֵ֣גֶל מַסֵּכָ֔ה 1 cast a calf out of molten metal melted metal and molded it in the shape of a calf
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NEH 9 19 eqh4 וְאַתָּה֙…הָֽרַבִּ֔ים לֹ֥א 1 you…did not abandon them Yahweh did not abandon the Israelites.
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@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ NEH 12 5 x3ri translate-names מִיָּמִ֥ין מַֽעַדְיָ֖ה בִּ
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NEH 12 6 udm2 translate-names שְׁמַֽעְיָ֥ה וְיוֹיָרִ֖יב יְדַֽעְיָֽה 1 Shemaiah…Joiarib…Jedaiah These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 12 7 g43p translate-names סַלּ֣וּ עָמ֔וֹק חִלְקִיָּ֖ה יְדַֽעְיָ֑ה…יֵשֽׁוּעַ 1 Sallu…Amok…Hilkiah…Jedaiah…Jeshua These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 12 8 xy1h translate-names יֵשׁ֧וּעַ בִּנּ֛וּי קַדְמִיאֵ֥ל שֵׁרֵבְיָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֣ה מַתַּנְיָ֑ה 1 Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah,…Mattaniah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 12 9 nnn1 translate-names וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֨ה וענו 1 Bakbukiah…Unni These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 12 9 nnn1 translate-names וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֨ה וְעֻנִּ֧י 1 Bakbukiah…Unni These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 12 9 nhn4 לְנֶגְדָּ֖ם לְמִשְׁמָרֽוֹת 1 stood opposite them during the service Possible meanings are 1) this was during a worship service and these were two groups of singers or other worshipers, or 2) these groups guarded the temple at different times, or “took turns guarding the temple.”
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NEH 12 10 ri33 translate-names וְיֵשׁ֖וּעַ…יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים…אֶלְיָשִׁ֔יב…יוֹיָדָֽע 1 Jeshua…Joiakim…Eliashib…Joiada These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 12 10 xd69 figs-explicit וְיֵשׁ֖וּעַ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים 1 Jeshua was the father of Joiakim This is the same Jeshua named in [Nehemiah 12:1](../12/01.md). The original readers would have understood that Jeshua was the high priest. Alternate translation: “Jeshua the high priest was the father of Joiakim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ NEH 13 21 hi84 figs-rquestion מַדּ֜וּעַ אַתֶּ֤ם לֵנִים֙
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NEH 13 21 hfv7 figs-metonymy יָ֖ד אֶשְׁלַ֣ח בָּכֶ֑ם 1 I will lay hands on you! The word “hands” is a metonym for forceful action. Alternate translation: “I will send you away by force!” or “I will remove you by force!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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NEH 13 22 mis6 גַּם־זֹאת֙ זָכְרָה־לִּ֣י אֱלֹהַ֔י 1 Call me to mind for this also, my God “My God, remember me concerning this also.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Nehemiah 13:14](../13/14.md).
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NEH 13 23 zxc2 0 Connecting Statement: These verses introduce the action that follows.
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NEH 13 23 jp2w figs-explicit אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִים֙ הֹשִׁ֗יבוּ נָשִׁים֙ אשדודיות עמוניות מוֹאֲבִיּֽוֹת 1 Jews that had married women of Ashdod, Ammon, and Moab “Jews that had married foreign women.” God had forbidden intermarriage. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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NEH 13 23 jp2w figs-explicit אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִים֙ הֹשִׁ֗יבוּ נָשִׁים֙ אשדודיות עמוניות 1 Jews that had married women of Ashdod, Ammon, and Moab “Jews that had married foreign women.” God had forbidden intermarriage. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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NEH 13 23 l9c2 translate-names אשדודיות 1 Ashdod This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 13 23 b4nt translate-names עמוניות מוֹאֲבִיּֽוֹת 1 Ammon…Moab These are the names of nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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NEH 13 24 w247 וּבְנֵיהֶ֗ם חֲצִי֙ 1 Half of their children “As a result, half of their children”
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@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ JOL 3 intro jcn7 0 # Joel 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>
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JOL 3 1 b14f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
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JOL 3 1 nha5 כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה 1 Behold “Listen” or “Pay attention”
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JOL 3 1 zy3s figs-doublet בַּיָּמִ֥ים הָהֵ֖מָּה וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑יא 1 in those days and at that time The phrase “at that time” means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase “in those days.” Alternate translation: “in those very days” or “at that very time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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JOL 3 1 c3ys אֲשֶׁ֥ר אשוב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem “When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem”
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JOL 3 1 c3ys אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem “When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem”
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JOL 3 2 xs2u עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט 1 Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means “Yahweh judges,” was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat.
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JOL 3 2 idt3 figs-doublet עַמִּ֨י וְנַחֲלָתִ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 my people and my inheritance Israel These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, who are my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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JOL 3 3 z4y6 figs-explicit וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ הַיֶּ֨לֶד֙ בַּזּוֹנָ֔ה וְהַיַּלְדָּ֛ה מָכְר֥וּ בַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ 1 traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. Alternate translation: “and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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Reference in New Issue