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@ -11,17 +11,18 @@ front:intro kwv9 0 # Introduction to 3 John\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
1:4 w79m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὰ ἐμὰ τέκνα 1 John speaks of those whom he taught to believe in Jesus as though they were his **children**. This also emphasizes his love and concern for them. Alternate translation: “my spiritual children” 1:4 w79m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὰ ἐμὰ τέκνα 1 John speaks of those whom he taught to believe in Jesus as though they were his **children**. This also emphasizes his love and concern for them. Alternate translation: “my spiritual children”
1:4 hsgh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ περιπατοῦντα 1 Here, **walking** on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “are living according to God’s truth” 1:4 hsgh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ περιπατοῦντα 1 Here, **walking** on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “are living according to God’s truth”
1:4 v5op rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in God's true ways” 1:4 v5op rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in God's true ways”
1:5 g4gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς 1 John is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fellow believers” 1:5 g4gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς 1 John is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “other believers”
1:6 f4vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σου τῇ ἀγάπῃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that you love them”
1:6 vaxw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom προπέμψας 1 Here, **to send on** is an idiom that means to provide people with what they need for a journey. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to supply with what they need for their trip” 1:6 vaxw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom προπέμψας 1 Here, **to send on** is an idiom that means to provide people with what they need for a journey. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to supply with what they need for their trip”
1:6-7 jfun rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὓς καλῶς ποιήσεις, προπέμψας ἀξίως τοῦ Θεοῦ; ὑπὲρ γὰρ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἐξῆλθον, μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. If you do so, you will need create a verse bridge in order to combine verses 6 and 7, as described in the Introduction to 3 John. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Because they went out for the sake of the name, accepting nothing from the Gentiles, you will do well to send them on in a manner worthy of God” 1:6-7 jfun rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὓς καλῶς ποιήσεις, προπέμψας ἀξίως τοῦ Θεοῦ; ὑπὲρ γὰρ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἐξῆλθον, μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. If you do so, you will need create a verse bridge in order to combine verses 6 and 7, as described in the Introduction to 3 John. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Because they went out for the sake of the name, accepting nothing from the Gentiles, you will do well to send them on in a manner worthy of God”
1:7 d8y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὑπὲρ & τοῦ ὀνόματος 1 John is referring specifically to the name of Jesus. He is using the term **name** by association to mean Jesus himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to tell people about Jesus” 1:7 d8y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὑπὲρ & τοῦ ὀνόματος 1 John is referring specifically to the name of Jesus. He is using the term **name** by association to mean Jesus himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to tell people about Jesus”
1:7 yzc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 John assumes that Gaius will know what he means by **accepting nothing from the Gentiles**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. This could mean: (1) that the traveling believers had resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers. Alternate translation: “and they have resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers” (2) that people who did not believe in Jesus would not help these traveling believers. Alternate translation: “and no unbelievers are assisting them” 1:7 yzc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 John assumes that Gaius will know what he means by **receiving nothing from the Gentiles**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. This could mean: (1) that the traveling believers had resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers. Alternate translation: “and they have resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers” (2) that people who did not believe in Jesus would not help these traveling believers. Alternate translation: “and no unbelievers are assisting them”
1:7 hk3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 Here, **Gentiles** does not mean people who are not Jewish. It refers to any people who do not trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “unbelievers” 1:7 hk3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 Here, **Gentiles** does not mean people who are not Jewish. It refers to any people who do not trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “unbelievers”
1:8 m0qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 John is using the word translated as **Therefore** to introduce the result that should follow from the reason he gave at the end of the previous verse. Because **such {ones}** are accepting nothing from “the Gentiles” (verse 7), believers ought to help them. Use a connector in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “This is why” 1:8 m0qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 John is using the word translated as **Therefore** to introduce the result that should follow from the reason he gave at the end of the previous verse. Because **such ones** are accepting nothing from “the Gentiles” (verse 7), believers ought to help them. Use a connector in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “This is why”
1:8 b84m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν ὑπολαμβάνειν 1 For emphasis, John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **ought**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we certainly should welcome” 1:8 b84m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν ὑπολαμβάνειν 1 John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **ought**, to emphasize it. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we certainly should welcome”
1:8 pgqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν 1 John is using the words translated as **we** and **ourselves** to refer to Gaius, himself, and all believers. So use the inclusive forms of those words if your language marks that distinction. 1:8 pgqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν 1 John is using the words translated as **we** and **ourselves** to refer to Gaius, himself, and all believers. So use the inclusive forms of those words if your language marks that distinction.
1:8 hdjg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπολαμβάνειν 1 John assumes that Gaius will know that when he tells him to **welcome** these believers, he means that Gaius should provide what they need for their journey. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to help” or “to support” 1:8 hdjg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπολαμβάνειν 1 John assumes that Gaius will know that when he tells him to **support** these believers, he means that Gaius should provide hospitality, including giving them what they need for their journey. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to help” or “to provide for”
1:8 dw7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks becoming **fellow workers** as a goal or purpose of welcoming people **such as these**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose. Alternate translation: “and in this way” 1:8 dw7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks becoming **fellow workers** as a goal or purpose of supporting **such ones** as the traveling teachers. Use a natural way in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose. Alternate translation: “and in this way”
1:8 d2l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 John is speaking as if the **truth** were a living thing that he and his fellow Christians could become **workers** with. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that we can cooperate with them in announcing God’s truth to people” 1:8 d2l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 John is speaking as if the **truth** were a living thing that he and his fellow Christians could become **workers** with. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that we can cooperate with them in announcing God’s truth to people”
1:8 ab01 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 John is using the term **truth** to represent something or someone associated with the truth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. This could mean: (1) the true message from God. Alternate translation: “God’s true message” (2) God himself, who is Truth. Alternate translation: “the true God” 1:8 ab01 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 John is using the term **truth** to represent something or someone associated with the truth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. This could mean: (1) the true message from God. Alternate translation: “God’s true message” (2) God himself, who is Truth. Alternate translation: “the true God”
1:9 abp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τι 1 What John wrote was a letter, probably containing instructions about helping traveling Christian teachers. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a letter about this” 1:9 abp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τι 1 What John wrote was a letter, probably containing instructions about helping traveling Christian teachers. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a letter about this”
@ -30,24 +31,24 @@ front:intro kwv9 0 # Introduction to 3 John\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
1:9 s82w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ὁ φιλοπρωτεύων αὐτῶν 1 John is using the word **first** in the sense of “most important” or “in charge.” Alternate translation: “who loves to be the most important one among them” or “who loves to act as though he is their leader” 1:9 s82w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ὁ φιλοπρωτεύων αὐτῶν 1 John is using the word **first** in the sense of “most important” or “in charge.” Alternate translation: “who loves to be the most important one among them” or “who loves to act as though he is their leader”
1:9 rrgg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οὐκ ἐπιδέχεται ἡμᾶς 1 John is using the word **us** to represent someone or something associated with himself and those with him. This could mean: (1) that Diotrephes opposes providing hospitality and support to the traveling believers whom John endorses. (The word translated **receive** in this verse is the same one as in the phrase “he does not receive the brothers” in the next verse.) Alternate translation: “opposes helping these traveling believers” (2) that Diotrephes does not accept John’s authority and so will not do what he says. Alternate translation: “rejects our instructions” 1:9 rrgg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οὐκ ἐπιδέχεται ἡμᾶς 1 John is using the word **us** to represent someone or something associated with himself and those with him. This could mean: (1) that Diotrephes opposes providing hospitality and support to the traveling believers whom John endorses. (The word translated **receive** in this verse is the same one as in the phrase “he does not receive the brothers” in the next verse.) Alternate translation: “opposes helping these traveling believers” (2) that Diotrephes does not accept John’s authority and so will not do what he says. Alternate translation: “rejects our instructions”
1:9 dp1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Here the word **us** refers to John and those with him but not to Gaius, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 1:9 dp1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Here the word **us** refers to John and those with him but not to Gaius, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:10 lf4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 **Because of this** indicates that what follows is a result of what came before. Because Diotrephes “does not receive” John and those with him (verse 9), John will expose his evil works. Use a connector in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “Therefore” or “This is why” 1:10 lf4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 **Because of this** indicates that what follows is a result of what came before. Because Diotrephes “does not receive” John and those with him (verse 9), John will expose his evil works. Use a natural way in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “Therefore” or “This is why”
1:10 prnv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact ἐὰν ἔλθω 1 John speaks as if he were uncertain about this, but he means that he is planning to come. If your readers might think that what John is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as a confident statement. Alternate translation: “when I come” or “at the time that I come” 1:10 prnv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact ἐὰν ἔλθω 1 John speaks as if he were uncertain about this, but he means that he is planning to come. If your readers might think that what John is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as a confident statement. Alternate translation: “when I come” or “at the time that I come”
1:10 w1yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔλθω 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “I go to you” 1:10 w1yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔλθω 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “I go to you”
1:10 f6qj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy λόγοις πονηροῖς φλυαρῶν ἡμᾶς 1 John is using the term **words** to mean what Diotrephes has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “slandering us maliciously” 1:10 f6qj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy λόγοις πονηροῖς φλυαρῶν ἡμᾶς 1 John is using the term **words** to mean what Diotrephes has been saying by using words. These **words** are an example of the **works that he is doing**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “slandering us maliciously”
1:10 ag0j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μὴ ἀρκούμενος ἐπὶ τούτοις 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “even these things do not satisfy him” 1:10 ag0j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μὴ ἀρκούμενος ἐπὶ τούτοις 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “even these things do not satisfy him. In addition”
1:10 wi6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς 1 John is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “these fellow believers” 1:10 wi6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς 1 John is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “these fellow believers”
1:10 it7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ τοὺς βουλομένους κωλύει 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he stops the ones who are willing to receive the believers” 1:10 it7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ τοὺς βουλομένους κωλύει 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he stops the ones who are willing to receive the believers”
1:11 pv24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj μὴ μιμοῦ τὸ κακὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 John is using the adjectives **evil** and **good** as nouns in a general sense. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “do not imitate evil things that people do, but good things” 1:11 pv24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj μὴ μιμοῦ τὸ κακὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 John is using the adjectives **evil** and **good** as nouns in a general sense. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “do not imitate evil things that people do, but imitate good things”
1:11 sz2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but imitate the good things that people do” 1:11 sz2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but imitate the good things that people do”
1:11 zan2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν 1 John is using the word **seen** to mean “believed in” or “experienced.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has not experienced God” or “has not believed in God” 1:11 zan2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν 1 John is using the word **seen** to mean “believed in” or “experienced.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has not experienced God” or “has not believed in God”
1:12 pl7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “All attest to Demetrius” or “Everyone praises Demetrius as a good person” 1:12 pl7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “All attest to Demetrius” or “Everyone praises Demetrius as a good person”
1:12 m22h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Δημητρίῳ 1 **Demetrius** is the name of a man. 1:12 m22h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Δημητρίῳ 1 **Demetrius** is the name of a man.
1:12 v69i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ὑπὸ πάντων 1 John says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. The UST models one way to do this. 1:12 v69i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ὑπὸ πάντων 1 John says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “by those who know him”
1:12 mftm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he has been attested by the truth itself” 1:12 mftm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he has been attested to by the truth itself”
1:12 jogk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by the way he truly obeys Jesus” 1:12 jogk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by the way he truly obeys Jesus”
1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is speaking of **the truth** as if it were a living thing that could testify that Demetrius is a good person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by his right way of living” 1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is speaking of **the truth** as if it were a living thing that could testify that Demetrius is a good person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by his right way of living”
1:12 xkqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns καὶ ἡμεῖς & μαρτυροῦμεν 1 For emphasis, John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **attest**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we too firmly attest” 1:12 xkqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns καὶ ἡμεῖς & μαρτυροῦμεν 1 For emphasis, John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **attest**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we too firmly attest”
1:12 a16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ἡμῶν 1 Here the words **we** and **our** refer to John and those with him but do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 1:12 a16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & μαρτυροῦμεν & ἡμῶν 1 Here the words **we ourselves** and **our** refer to John and those with him but do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:13 am6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου 1 John is using something associated with a letter, the **ink and pen** he would use to write a letter, to represent the letter itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, as in UST: “in a letter” 1:13 am6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου 1 John is using something associated with a letter, the **ink and pen** he would use to write a letter, to represent the letter itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, as in UST: “in a letter”
1:14 r8i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom στόμα πρὸς στόμα 1 Here, **mouth to mouth** is an idiom meaning “in person.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “face to face” or “in person” 1:14 r8i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom στόμα πρὸς στόμα 1 Here, **mouth to mouth** is an idiom meaning “in person.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “face to face” or “in person”
1:15 v8yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing εἰρήνη σοι 1 John ends his letter with a blessing for Gaius. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May God give you peace” 1:15 v8yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing εἰρήνη σοι 1 John ends his letter with a blessing for Gaius. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May God give you peace”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
11 1:4 w79m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὰ ἐμὰ τέκνα 1 John speaks of those whom he taught to believe in Jesus as though they were his **children**. This also emphasizes his love and concern for them. Alternate translation: “my spiritual children”
12 1:4 hsgh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ περιπατοῦντα 1 Here, **walking** on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “are living according to God’s truth”
13 1:4 v5op rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in God's true ways”
14 1:5 g4gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς 1 John is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fellow believers” John is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “other believers”
15 1:6 f4vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σου τῇ ἀγάπῃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that you love them”
16 1:6 vaxw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom προπέμψας 1 Here, **to send on** is an idiom that means to provide people with what they need for a journey. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to supply with what they need for their trip”
17 1:6-7 jfun rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὓς καλῶς ποιήσεις, προπέμψας ἀξίως τοῦ Θεοῦ; ὑπὲρ γὰρ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἐξῆλθον, μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the action that the first phrase describes. If you do so, you will need create a verse bridge in order to combine verses 6 and 7, as described in the Introduction to 3 John. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Because they went out for the sake of the name, accepting nothing from the Gentiles, you will do well to send them on in a manner worthy of God”
18 1:7 d8y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὑπὲρ & τοῦ ὀνόματος 1 John is referring specifically to the name of Jesus. He is using the term **name** by association to mean Jesus himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to tell people about Jesus”
19 1:7 yzc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 John assumes that Gaius will know what he means by **accepting nothing from the Gentiles**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. This could mean: (1) that the traveling believers had resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers. Alternate translation: “and they have resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers” (2) that people who did not believe in Jesus would not help these traveling believers. Alternate translation: “and no unbelievers are assisting them” John assumes that Gaius will know what he means by **receiving nothing from the Gentiles**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. This could mean: (1) that the traveling believers had resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers. Alternate translation: “and they have resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers” (2) that people who did not believe in Jesus would not help these traveling believers. Alternate translation: “and no unbelievers are assisting them”
20 1:7 hk3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 Here, **Gentiles** does not mean people who are not Jewish. It refers to any people who do not trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “unbelievers”
21 1:8 m0qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 John is using the word translated as **Therefore** to introduce the result that should follow from the reason he gave at the end of the previous verse. Because **such {ones}** are accepting nothing from “the Gentiles” (verse 7), believers ought to help them. Use a connector in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “This is why” John is using the word translated as **Therefore** to introduce the result that should follow from the reason he gave at the end of the previous verse. Because **such ones** are accepting nothing from “the Gentiles” (verse 7), believers ought to help them. Use a connector in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “This is why”
22 1:8 b84m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν ὑπολαμβάνειν 1 For emphasis, John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **ought**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we certainly should welcome” John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **ought**, to emphasize it. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we certainly should welcome”
23 1:8 pgqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν 1 John is using the words translated as **we** and **ourselves** to refer to Gaius, himself, and all believers. So use the inclusive forms of those words if your language marks that distinction.
24 1:8 hdjg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπολαμβάνειν 1 John assumes that Gaius will know that when he tells him to **welcome** these believers, he means that Gaius should provide what they need for their journey. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to help” or “to support” John assumes that Gaius will know that when he tells him to **support** these believers, he means that Gaius should provide hospitality, including giving them what they need for their journey. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to help” or “to provide for”
25 1:8 dw7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks becoming **fellow workers** as a goal or purpose of welcoming people **such as these**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose. Alternate translation: “and in this way” Here, **so that** marks becoming **fellow workers** as a goal or purpose of supporting **such ones** as the traveling teachers. Use a natural way in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose. Alternate translation: “and in this way”
26 1:8 d2l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 John is speaking as if the **truth** were a living thing that he and his fellow Christians could become **workers** with. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that we can cooperate with them in announcing God’s truth to people”
27 1:8 ab01 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 John is using the term **truth** to represent something or someone associated with the truth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. This could mean: (1) the true message from God. Alternate translation: “God’s true message” (2) God himself, who is Truth. Alternate translation: “the true God”
28 1:9 abp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τι 1 What John wrote was a letter, probably containing instructions about helping traveling Christian teachers. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a letter about this”
31 1:9 s82w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ὁ φιλοπρωτεύων αὐτῶν 1 John is using the word **first** in the sense of “most important” or “in charge.” Alternate translation: “who loves to be the most important one among them” or “who loves to act as though he is their leader”
32 1:9 rrgg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οὐκ ἐπιδέχεται ἡμᾶς 1 John is using the word **us** to represent someone or something associated with himself and those with him. This could mean: (1) that Diotrephes opposes providing hospitality and support to the traveling believers whom John endorses. (The word translated **receive** in this verse is the same one as in the phrase “he does not receive the brothers” in the next verse.) Alternate translation: “opposes helping these traveling believers” (2) that Diotrephes does not accept John’s authority and so will not do what he says. Alternate translation: “rejects our instructions”
33 1:9 dp1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Here the word **us** refers to John and those with him but not to Gaius, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
34 1:10 lf4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 **Because of this** indicates that what follows is a result of what came before. Because Diotrephes “does not receive” John and those with him (verse 9), John will expose his evil works. Use a connector in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “Therefore” or “This is why” **Because of this** indicates that what follows is a result of what came before. Because Diotrephes “does not receive” John and those with him (verse 9), John will expose his evil works. Use a natural way in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “Therefore” or “This is why”
35 1:10 prnv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact ἐὰν ἔλθω 1 John speaks as if he were uncertain about this, but he means that he is planning to come. If your readers might think that what John is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as a confident statement. Alternate translation: “when I come” or “at the time that I come”
36 1:10 w1yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔλθω 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “I go to you”
37 1:10 f6qj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy λόγοις πονηροῖς φλυαρῶν ἡμᾶς 1 John is using the term **words** to mean what Diotrephes has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “slandering us maliciously” John is using the term **words** to mean what Diotrephes has been saying by using words. These **words** are an example of the **works that he is doing**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “slandering us maliciously”
38 1:10 ag0j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μὴ ἀρκούμενος ἐπὶ τούτοις 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “even these things do not satisfy him” If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “even these things do not satisfy him. In addition”
39 1:10 wi6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς 1 John is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “these fellow believers”
40 1:10 it7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ τοὺς βουλομένους κωλύει 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he stops the ones who are willing to receive the believers”
41 1:11 pv24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj μὴ μιμοῦ τὸ κακὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 John is using the adjectives **evil** and **good** as nouns in a general sense. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “do not imitate evil things that people do, but good things” John is using the adjectives **evil** and **good** as nouns in a general sense. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “do not imitate evil things that people do, but imitate good things”
42 1:11 sz2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but imitate the good things that people do”
43 1:11 zan2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν 1 John is using the word **seen** to mean “believed in” or “experienced.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has not experienced God” or “has not believed in God”
44 1:12 pl7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “All attest to Demetrius” or “Everyone praises Demetrius as a good person”
45 1:12 m22h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Δημητρίῳ 1 **Demetrius** is the name of a man.
46 1:12 v69i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ὑπὸ πάντων 1 John says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. The UST models one way to do this. John says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “by those who know him”
47 1:12 mftm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he has been attested by the truth itself” John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he has been attested to by the truth itself”
48 1:12 jogk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by the way he truly obeys Jesus”
49 1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is speaking of **the truth** as if it were a living thing that could testify that Demetrius is a good person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by his right way of living”
50 1:12 xkqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns καὶ ἡμεῖς & μαρτυροῦμεν 1 For emphasis, John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **attest**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we too firmly attest”
51 1:12 a16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ἡμῶν ἡμεῖς & μαρτυροῦμεν & ἡμῶν 1 Here the words **we** and **our** refer to John and those with him but do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Here the words **we ourselves** and **our** refer to John and those with him but do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
52 1:13 am6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου 1 John is using something associated with a letter, the **ink and pen** he would use to write a letter, to represent the letter itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, as in UST: “in a letter”
53 1:14 r8i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom στόμα πρὸς στόμα 1 Here, **mouth to mouth** is an idiom meaning “in person.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “face to face” or “in person”
54 1:15 v8yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing εἰρήνη σοι 1 John ends his letter with a blessing for Gaius. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May God give you peace”