From 38d779539d8373174ecd50119b7b4e00be87ad38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: tracypreslar Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2023 23:57:31 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Merge tracypreslar-tc-create-1 into master by tracypreslar (#3502) --- tn_DEU.tsv | 259 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------- 1 file changed, 136 insertions(+), 123 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_DEU.tsv b/tn_DEU.tsv index d424518771..0bd364cfce 100644 --- a/tn_DEU.tsv +++ b/tn_DEU.tsv @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note -front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Deuteronomy\n\n- Moses’ first speech\n - Moses reminds Israel of how Yahweh guided them through the wilderness (1:1–3:29)\n - Moses appeals to Israel to obey the law of Yahweh (4:1–49)\n- Moses’ second speech\n - The Ten Commandments (5:1–10:22)\n - Rules and warnings from the Law (11:1–26:19)\n- Moses’ third speech\n - Instructions for entering Canaan (27:1–26)\n - Blessings for obeying and curses for disobeying (28:1–68)\n - The covenant renewed (29:1–30:20)\n - Last words of Moses, the Song of Moses, and his death (31:1–34:12)\n\n\n### What is the book of Deuteronomy about?\n\nIn the book of Deuteronomy, Moses repeats the laws of the covenant that God made with the people of Israel. The people of Israel were about to go into the Promised Land. Before they entered the land, Moses reminded them of what Yahweh did for them and what he expected from them. Moses warned the people about worshiping idols and no longer trusting Yahweh once they settled in the Promised Land. Yahweh promised to judge those who disobey him and to bless those who obey his law. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe name “Deuteronomy” means “Second Law” or “the retelling of the Law.” Translators may decide on a title such as “A Repeat of the Law” or “Moses Explains the Law Again.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the book of Deuteronomy?\n\nThe writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Deuteronomy. However, many scholars think that Joshua wrote chapter 34, which tells how Moses died.\n\n### What are the important features of the book of Deuteronomy?\n\nThe book contains a series of speeches that Moses gave to Israel before he died. He spoke these things just before the people entered the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Why did Yahweh command the Israelites to completely destroy the people who lived in the Promised Land?\n\nAs God prepared the Israelites to enter the Promised Land, he commanded them to completely destroy the Canaanite people who lived there. The Israelites would then not be tempted to join them and worship their false gods.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What is the role of God’s name in Deuteronomy?\n\nGod’s name is mentioned over 30 times in the book of Deuteronomy. The use of God’s name in this book usually represents God’s honor or fame. At other times in Deuteronomy, God’s name represents his presence. God said he would choose a place and make his name dwell there. This means God’s presence would be there. The people were to go to that place to worship him.\n\n### Can this book be translated before the rest of the Pentateuch?\n\nThe books of Genesis and Exodus help to explain what happens in Deuteronomy. For this reason, those books should be translated before the book of Deuteronomy.\n\n### Quotes in quotes\n\nSince this book consists of Moses’ speeches, many parts of this book are direct quotations. Within his speeches, Moses directly quotes what other people said. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate or format these passages so that there are not quotations within a quotation. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])\n\n### “Yahweh your God”\n\nThroughout this book, Moses refers to Yahweh as “your God” when he speaks to the Israelites. Moses is referring to the same God that he also worships. He is not distinguishing between the God of the Israelites and his own God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that this is the same God whom Moses worships. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])\n\n### Moses’ audience\n\nIn his speeches, Moses speaks to the Israelites who will enter into the land that Yahweh promised to give to them. Moses reminds them about events that happened to their ancestors and to them. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state explicitly that Moses is talking about their ancestors, even when he directly addresses the living Israelites as “you.” (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])\n\n\n### “You shall”\nIn this book, the form **you shall** appears often when someone gives a command. While the form itself is not a command, it can be interpreted and translated as a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) +front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Deuteronomy\n\n- Moses’ first speech\n - Moses reminds Israel of how Yahweh guided them through the wilderness (1:1–3:29)\n - Moses appeals to Israel to obey the law of Yahweh (4:1–49)\n- Moses’ second speech\n - The Ten Commandments (5:1–10:22)\n - Rules and warnings from the Law (11:1–26:19)\n- Moses’ third speech\n - Instructions for entering Canaan (27:1–26)\n - Blessings for obeying and curses for disobeying (28:1–68)\n - The covenant renewed (29:1–30:20)\n - Last words of Moses, the Song of Moses, and his death (31:1–34:12)\n\n\n### What is the book of Deuteronomy about?\n\nIn the book of Deuteronomy, Moses repeats the laws of the covenant that God made with the people of Israel. The people of Israel were about to go into the Promised Land. Before they entered the land, Moses reminded them of what Yahweh did for them and what he expected from them. Moses warned the people about worshiping idols and no longer trusting Yahweh once they settled in the Promised Land. Yahweh promised to judge those who disobey him and to bless those who obey his law. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe name “Deuteronomy” means “Second Law” or “the retelling of the Law.” Translators may decide on a title such as “A Repeat of the Law” or “Moses Explains the Law Again.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the book of Deuteronomy?\n\nThe writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Deuteronomy. However, many scholars think that Joshua wrote chapter 34, which tells how Moses died.\n\n### What are the important features of the book of Deuteronomy?\n\nThe book contains a series of speeches that Moses gave to Israel before he died. He spoke these things just before the people entered the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Why did Yahweh command the Israelites to completely destroy the people who lived in the Promised Land?\n\nAs God prepared the Israelites to enter the Promised Land, he commanded them to completely destroy the Canaanite people who lived there. The Israelites would then not be tempted to join them and worship their false gods.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What is the role of God’s name in Deuteronomy?\n\nGod’s name is mentioned over 30 times in the book of Deuteronomy. The use of God’s name in this book usually represents God’s honor or fame. At other times in Deuteronomy, God’s name represents his presence. God said he would choose a place and make his name dwell there. This means God’s presence would be there. The people were to go to that place to worship him.\n\n### Can this book be translated before the rest of the Pentateuch?\n\nThe books of Genesis and Exodus help to explain what happens in Deuteronomy. For this reason, those books should be translated before the book of Deuteronomy.\n\n### Quotes in quotes\n\nSince this book consists of Moses’ speeches, many parts of this book are direct quotations. Within his speeches, Moses directly quotes what other people said. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate or format these passages so that there are not quotations within a quotation. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])\n\n### “Yahweh your God”\n\nThroughout this book, Moses refers to Yahweh as “your God” when he speaks to the Israelites. Moses is referring to the same God that he also worships. He is not distinguishing between the God of the Israelites and his own God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that this is the same God whom Moses worships. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])\n\n### Moses’ audience\n\nIn his speeches, Moses speaks to the Israelites who will enter into the land that Yahweh promised to give to them. Moses reminds them about events that happened to their ancestors and to them. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state explicitly that Moses is talking about their ancestors, even when he directly addresses the living Israelites as “you.” (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])\n\n\n### “You shall”\nIn this book, the form **you shall** appears often when someone gives a command. While the form itself is not a command, it can be interpreted and translated as a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])\n\n\n### “Seed”\n\nThis book refers to a person’s descendants as their “seed.” Seed refers to semen that leads to a child’s conception. All instances of “seed” mean “descendants” unless otherwise specified. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1:intro ggp9 0 # Deuteronomy 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter forms a continuation with the last chapter of the book of Numbers. In this chapter is Moses’ first speech to the Israelites. \n\n- vv. 1-4: Introduction\n- vv. 5-49: Moses reminds the Israelites of what happened to their ancestors in the wilderness\n - vv. 9-18: Moses chooses judges and military leaders\n - vv. 19-46: The Israelites send out spies to survey the land \n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s victory\nThe chapter explains that Israel’s conquering of the Promised Land will be done by Yahweh. They are not to fear the people of Canaan but, instead, be obedient to Yahweh. Yahweh is bringing about his judgment upon the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])\n\n### Possessing the land\n\nWhile the Promised Land belongs to Israel, they do not possess the land. Possessing the land is an important theme. Possessing the land depended on Israel’s faithfulness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])\n\n### Yahweh's presence\n\nIn verse 42, Yahweh says, “I will not be among you.” As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. In verse 42, Yahweh means that because of their rebellion, he will no longer be with the Israelites in a special way.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Quotes in quotes\n\nIn this chapter, Moses gives a speech and quotes what other people said. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate or format this passage so that there are not quotations within quotations. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])\n\n### Pronouns\n\nIn this chapter the second-person pronoun “you” is plural unless otherwise noted. Moses is speaking to all of the Israelites at Horeb, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.\n\n### “Yahweh your God”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Moses refers to Yahweh as “your God” when he speaks to the Israelites. Moses is referring to the same God that he also worships. He is not distinguishing between the God of the Israelites and his own God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that this is the same God that Moses worships. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])\n\n### Time Background\n\nIn his speech, Moses reminds the Israelites about what happened to their ancestors when they were camping at Mt. Sinai. Throughout his speech, Moses repeats the phrase “at that time” to refer to new topics that occur during that time period. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state this information explicitly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevents]])\n 1:1 vb79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names ס֜וּף 1 The word **Suph** is the name of a place. It is uncertain where Suph is, but Suph could refer to the Red Sea. Alternate translation: “the Red Sea” 1:1 bg65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names תֹּ֛פֶל וְ⁠לָבָ֥ן וַ⁠חֲצֵרֹ֖ת וְ⁠דִ֥י זָהָֽב 1 These are the names of places. @@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd 1:8 i61s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֥תִּי לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֖ם אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 Here Yahweh could be using the past tense: (1) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “I will give the land before your faces” (2) to refer to something that he has already done. Alternate translation: “I have already given the land before your faces” 1:8 p2mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נִשְׁבַּ֣ע יְ֠הוָה 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “I swore” 1:8 pcv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠אֲבֹ֨תֵי⁠כֶ֜ם 1 Yahweh is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your predecessors” -1:8 umon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠לְ⁠זַרְעָ֖⁠ם 1 Here, **seed** is an idiom that means “offspring.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to their offspring” 1:9 dv93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וָ⁠אֹמַ֣ר 1 Here, **I** refers back to Moses in verse 5. If it would be helpful in your language, you could repeat the name “Moses” here. Alternate translation: “I, Moses, said” 1:9 l5mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׂאֵ֥ת 1 Here **to carry** means “to lead” or “to govern.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to lead” 1:10 zy9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כְּ⁠כוֹכְבֵ֥י הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֖יִם לָ⁠רֹֽב 1 Moses says **as the stars of the heavens in number** here as a generalization for emphasis. He means that God has greatly increased the number of Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “almost as numerous as the stars of the heavens” @@ -569,8 +568,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd 4:36 gza6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠דְבָרָ֥י⁠ו שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **words** that Yahweh spoke. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression to describe Yahweh’s speech. Alternate translation: “and you heard the words that Yahweh spoke” 4:37 ss1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֲבֹתֶ֔י⁠ךָ & וַ⁠יּוֹצִֽאֲ⁠ךָ֧ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. 4:37 p6x2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֹתֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors” -4:37 h4qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠זַרְע֖⁠וֹ 1 Here, **seed** means “offspring.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their offspring” -4:37 yaem rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns בְּ⁠זַרְע֖⁠וֹ אַחֲרָ֑י⁠ו 1 In this verse, the pronouns **his** and **him** are singular in form, but they refer to all of the Israelites’ ancestors as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “their seed after them” 4:37 yey2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠פָנָ֛י⁠ו 1 Moses is using **face**, meaning Yahweh’s presence, to represent Yahweh’s ability to save the Israelites. Moses is emphasizing that Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt by himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by himself” 4:38 kbdx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense לְ⁠הוֹרִ֗ישׁ גּוֹיִ֛ם גְּדֹלִ֧ים וַ⁠עֲצֻמִ֛ים מִמְּ⁠ךָ֖ מִ⁠פָּנֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 This could refer to: (1) nations which the Israelites have already defeated and expelled from the land, as in [Deuteronomy 2-3](../02/26.md). Alternate translation: “when he drove out from before your faces nations greater and mightier than you” (2) nations which the Israelites will expel from the land in the future. Alternate translation: “so that he might drive out from before your faces nations greater and mightier than you” 4:38 rdl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd מִמְּ⁠ךָ֖ מִ⁠פָּנֶ֑י⁠ךָ לַ⁠הֲבִֽיאֲ⁠ךָ֗ & לְ⁠ךָ֧ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. @@ -993,10 +990,10 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd 9:4 y07b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠לְּ⁠פָנֶי⁠ךָ֮ & מִ⁠פָּנֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you … before you” 9:4 mpx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹר֒ 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language. 9:4 w47t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠צִדְקָתִ⁠י֙ & וּ⁠בְ⁠רִשְׁעַת֙ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **righteousness** and **wickedness**, you could express these ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “Since I am righteous … for the wicked deeds of” -9:4 l1tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠צִדְקָתִ⁠י֙ & וּ⁠בְ⁠רִשְׁעַת֙ 1 Here **In** means “because of.” You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Due to my righteousness … due to the wickedness of” +9:4 l1tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠צִדְקָתִ⁠י֙ & וּ⁠בְ⁠רִשְׁעַת֙ 1 Here **In** means “because of.” You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Due to my righteousness … but due to the wickedness of” 9:4 mco0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הֱבִיאַ֣⁠נִי 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “taken” instead of **brought**. Alternate translation: “has taken me in” -9:4 lhgv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וּ⁠בְ⁠רִשְׁעַת֙ 1 Moses uses the word **but** here to indicate a strong contrast between what the Israelites might think and the real reason why Yahweh is giving them the land. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “rather,” -9:5 o4n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לֹ֣א בְ⁠צִדְקָתְ⁠ךָ֗ וּ⁠בְ⁠יֹ֨שֶׁר֙ לְבָ֣בְ⁠ךָ֔ אַתָּ֥ה בָ֖א לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־אַרְצָ֑⁠ם כִּ֞י בְּ⁠רִשְׁעַ֣ת ׀ הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ⁠אֵ֗לֶּה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מוֹרִישָׁ֣⁠ם מִ⁠פָּנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 This sentence means basically the same thing as the previous verse. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences that would make this clear. Alternate translation: “I reiterate, not in your righteousness or in the uprightness of your heart are you going in to possess their land, but in the wickedness of these nations, Yahweh your God is driving them out from before your faces” +9:4 lhgv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וּ⁠בְ⁠רִשְׁעַת֙ 1 Moses uses the word **but** here to indicate a strong contrast between what the Israelites might think and the real reason why Yahweh is giving them the land. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nevertheless in the wickedness of” +9:5 o4n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לֹ֣א בְ⁠צִדְקָתְ⁠ךָ֗ וּ⁠בְ⁠יֹ֨שֶׁר֙ לְבָ֣בְ⁠ךָ֔ אַתָּ֥ה בָ֖א לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־אַרְצָ֑⁠ם כִּ֞י בְּ⁠רִשְׁעַ֣ת ׀ הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ⁠אֵ֗לֶּה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מוֹרִישָׁ֣⁠ם מִ⁠פָּנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 This sentence means basically the same thing as the previous verse. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences that would make this clear. Alternate translation: “I reiterate, not in your righteousness or in the uprightness of your heart are you going in to possess their land, but in the wickedness of these nations, Yahweh your God is driving them out from before your face” 9:5 siel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְ⁠צִדְקָתְ⁠ךָ֗ & וּ⁠בְ⁠יֹ֨שֶׁר֙ לְבָ֣בְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **righteousness** and **uprightness**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “in your righteous acts or your upright heart” 9:5 qi0w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְ⁠צִדְקָתְ⁠ךָ֗ וּ⁠בְ⁠יֹ֨שֶׁר֙ 1 Here **in** means “because of.” You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “because of your righteousness or because of the uprightness” 9:5 r3iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְבָ֣בְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 Here, **heart** refers to a person’s will and inner being. In this case, the desire is to fear Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of your desires” @@ -1009,176 +1006,175 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd 9:5 hb36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠אֲבֹתֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to your predecessors” 9:6 yfe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠יָדַעְתָּ֗ 1 Here **know** means “understand.” Moses is speaking of thinking about something as if that were knowing it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you shall understand” 9:6 ctjb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְ⁠צִדְקָֽתְ⁠ךָ֙ 1 Here **in** means “because of.” You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “because of your righteousness” -9:6 m7os rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף 1 Here, **hard of neck** is an idiom that means “stubborn” and “rebellious.” The image comes from an animal that does not want to go the way his master is trying to direct him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are a hard-hearted people” or “are a rebellious people”\n +9:6 m7os rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף 1 Here, **hard of neck** is an idiom that means “stubborn” and “rebellious.” The image comes from an animal that does not want to go the way his master is trying to direct him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are a hard-hearted people” or “are a rebellious people” 9:7 rx7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism זְכֹר֙ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֔ח 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Remember, yes, you shall not forget” 9:7 ldb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you בֹּֽאֲ⁠כֶם֙ & הֱיִיתֶ֖ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. -9:7 kd2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מָּק֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 Here, **this place** refers to the Jordan River valley, where the Israelites are camping before entering the land that Yahweh promised to them. This is where Moses is speaking to the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “this valley” -9:8 jym7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠חֹרֵ֥ב 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 32](Exo/32/01.md), when the Israelites disobeyed Yahweh by making and worshipping a golden calf. Yahweh wanted to destroy the Israelites for their rebellion, but Moses prayed to Yahweh to have mercy on the Israelites. As a result, Yahweh allowed the Israelites to survive. +9:7 kd2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מָּק֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 Here, **this place** refers to the Jordan River valley, where the Israelites are camping. This is where Moses is speaking to the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “this valley” +9:8 jym7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠חֹרֵ֥ב 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 32](Exo/32/01.md), when the Israelites disobeyed Yahweh by making and worshipping a golden calf. Yahweh wanted to destroy the Israelites for their rebellion, but Moses prayed to Yahweh to have mercy on the Israelites. As a result, Yahweh allowed the Israelites to survive. Alternate translation: “And you worshiped the golden calf at Horeb, and” 9:8 rwk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you הִקְצַפְתֶּ֖ם & בָּ⁠כֶ֖ם & אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 9:9 l9d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לוּחֹ֣ת הַ⁠בְּרִ֔ית 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **the tablets** on which Yahweh wrote **the covenant**, specifically, the words of the Ten Commandments. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression to describe a tablet with writing on it. Alternate translation: “the tablets that had the words of the covenant on them” 9:9 sae8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַ⁠בְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה 1 To **cut** a **covenant** means to make a covenant. The phrase refers to ancient rituals around making covenants, which is illustrated in [Genesis 15](Gen/15/01.md). See the imagery and how you translated there. Alternate translation: “the covenant that Yahweh made” 9:9 bm04 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular עִמָּ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. -9:9 gpng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּ⁠מַ֖יִם לֹ֥א שָׁתִֽיתִי 1 This does not mean that there was no **bread** or **water** available for Moses. Moses means that he chose to go without food or water while he was on the mountain. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “bread I chose not to eat and water I chose not to drink” +9:9 gpng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּ⁠מַ֖יִם לֹ֥א שָׁתִֽיתִי 1 The implication is that Moses chose to go without food or water while he was on the mountain. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “bread I chose not to eat and water I chose not to drink” 9:9 f7i3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֶ֚חֶם 1 Here, **bread** represents all food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food” 9:10 e2t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּ⁠אֶצְבַּ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 If your language does not use the passive form **written**, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on which the finger of God wrote” 9:10 ozko rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּ⁠אֶצְבַּ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 The implication is that God wrote on the stone, not Moses. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “written by the finger of God himself” -9:10 hv86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּֽ⁠כָל־הַ⁠דְּבָרִ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה עִמָּ⁠כֶ֥ם בָּ⁠הָ֛ר מִ⁠תּ֥וֹךְ הָ⁠אֵ֖שׁ בְּ⁠י֥וֹם הַ⁠קָּהָֽל 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 19](Exo/19/01.md), when the Israelites gather at the base of Mount Sinai while Moses goes to the top. There, Yahweh tells Moses all the commandments from a fire at the top of Mount Sinai. +9:10 hv86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּֽ⁠כָל־הַ⁠דְּבָרִ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה עִמָּ⁠כֶ֥ם בָּ⁠הָ֛ר מִ⁠תּ֥וֹךְ הָ⁠אֵ֖שׁ בְּ⁠י֥וֹם הַ⁠קָּהָֽל 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 19](Exo/19/01.md), when the Israelites gathered at the base of Mount Sinai while Moses went to the top. There, Yahweh told Moses all the commandments from a fire at the top of Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “was according to all the words that Yahweh spoke to you from the fire on the top of the mountain while you wer gathered at the base of the mountain” 9:10 cq6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular עִמָּ⁠כֶ֥ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. -9:11 a75b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַ⁠יְהִ֗י 1 Moses is using the word translated **And it happened** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Then” +9:11 a75b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַ⁠יְהִ֗י 1 Moses is using the word translated as **And it happened** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Then” 9:11 je7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לֻח֥וֹת הַ⁠בְּרִֽית 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **the tablets** on which Yahweh wrote **the covenant**, specifically, the words of the Ten Commandments. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression to describe a tablet with writing on it. Alternate translation: “the tablets that had the words of the covenant on them” -9:12 h3vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 This refers to the top of Mount Sinai, where Yahweh told Moses his commandments. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from the top of this mountain” -9:12 pkli rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֚י 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because” -9:12 wp08 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עַמְּ⁠ךָ֔ 1 Here, Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe the **people** that Moses leads. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression to describe leadership. Alternate translation: “the people whom you lead” -9:12 n8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שִׁחֵ֣ת 1 Here, the term **act corruptly** means to sin or do wrong. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “have sinned” -9:12 ce69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַ⁠דֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔⁠ם 1 Here Yahweh is speaking of obedience as if it was a **path** that one walks on. He speaks of disobedience as turning aside from that **path**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “They have quickly disobeyed what I commanded them” +9:12 h3vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 This refers to the top of Mount Sinai, where Yahweh told Moses the commandments. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from the top of this mountain” +9:12 pkli rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֚י 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “since” +9:12 wp08 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עַמְּ⁠ךָ֔ 1 Here Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe the **people** that Moses leads. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression to describe leadership. Alternate translation: “the people whom you oversee” +9:12 n8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שִׁחֵ֣ת 1 Here, the term **acted corruptly** means sinned or did wrong. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “have transgressed” +9:12 ce69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַ⁠דֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔⁠ם 1 Here Yahweh is speaking of commandments as if they were a **path** and saying that disobeying commandments is like turning aside from that path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “They have quickly disobeyed my commands” 9:13 hu2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language. -9:13 ptck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רָאִ֨יתִי֙ אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֣ם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 The implication is that Yahweh has **seen** and knows everything that the Israelites do. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I have seen what this people has done” -9:13 j343 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִנֵּ֥ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **behold** to focus Moses’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “and ” -9:13 g59o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עַם & \nהֽוּא 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the **people** of Israel. If it would be more natural in your language, you could use a plural pronoun here. Alternate translation: “they are a people” -9:13 vghs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַם קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף 1 Here, **hard of neck** is an idiom that means “stubborn” and “rebellious.” The image comes from an animal that does not want to go the way his master is trying to direct him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is a hard-hearted people” or “is a rebellious people” -9:14 uvi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish הֶ֤רֶף מִמֶּ֨⁠נִּי֙ 1 This does not mean that Yahweh wanted Moses to leave his presence which would imply that one could escape the presence of God. As God, Yahweh is everywhere. When he says **Leave me be**, Yahweh means that Moses should not try to stop him. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “Do not interfere” +9:13 ptck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רָאִ֨יתִי֙ אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֣ם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 The implication is that Yahweh has **seen** and knows everything that the Israelites do. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I know the actions of this people” +9:13 j343 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִנֵּ֥ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **behold** to focus Moses’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “and indeed” +9:13 g59o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עַם & הֽוּא 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the **people** of Israel. If it would be more natural in your language, you could use a plural pronoun here. Alternate translation: “they are a people” +9:13 vghs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַם־ קְשֵׁה־ עֹ֖רֶף 1 Here, **hard of neck** is an idiom that means “stubborn” and “rebellious.” The image comes from an animal that does not want to go the way his master is trying to direct him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is a hard-hearted people” or “is a rebellious people” +9:14 uvi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֶ֤רֶף מִמֶּ֨⁠נִּי֙ 1 When he says **Leave me be**, Yahweh means that Moses should not try to stop him. As God, Yahweh is everywhere, so Moses would not be able to leave the presence of Yahweh. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “Do not interfere” 9:14 gu20 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְ⁠אַשְׁמִידֵ֔⁠ם וְ⁠אֶמְחֶ֣ה אֶת־שְׁמָ֔⁠ם מִ⁠תַּ֖חַת הַ⁠שָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and I will destroy them; indeed, I will blot out their name from under the heavens” -9:14 lkr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אֶמְחֶ֣ה אֶת־שְׁמָ֔⁠ם מִ⁠תַּ֖חַת הַ⁠שָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 Yahweh speaks of destroying the Israelites as if he were blotting out memory of their **name**, and by extension, everything about them. When a group of people is completely destroyed, there is nothing to remind people about them. If your readers would not understand what this image means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and cause everyone under the heavens to forget their name” -9:14 kubz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ אֽוֹתְ⁠ךָ֔ לְ⁠גוֹי 1 The implication is that Yahweh will cause Moses to have so many descendants that those descendants will become **a nation** to replace the Israelites. This **nation** will be “mightier and greater” than the Israelites were. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and I will make a nation from you and your descendants, one that is” -9:15 qnh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָ⁠אֵ֗פֶן 1 \t\r\n\rHere, the word **turned** describes the beginning of action. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “And I got up” +9:14 lkr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אֶמְחֶ֣ה אֶת־שְׁמָ֔⁠ם מִ⁠תַּ֖חַת הַ⁠שָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 Yahweh speaks of destroying the Israelites as if he were blotting out a word written on paper. Yahweh means that he will **blot out** the memory of their **name**, and by extension, everything about them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and no one will know they ever existed” +9:14 kubz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ אֽוֹתְ⁠ךָ֔ לְ⁠גוֹי 1 The implication is that Yahweh will cause Moses to have so many descendants that those descendants will become **a nation** to replace the Israelites. This **nation** would be “mightier and greater” than the Israelites were. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and I will make a nation from you and your descendants, one that is” +9:15 qnh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָ⁠אֵ֗פֶן 1 Here, the word **turned** describes the beginning of action. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “And I got up” 9:15 teym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וָֽ⁠אֵרֵד֙ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “and went down” 9:15 ft91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וְ⁠הָ⁠הָ֖ר בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּ⁠אֵ֑שׁ 1 The expression **burning in the fire** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “and there was fire on the mountain” 9:15 ex8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לֻחֹ֣ת הַ⁠בְּרִ֔ית 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **the tablets** on which Yahweh wrote **the covenant**, specifically, the words of the Ten Commandments. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression to describe a tablet with writing on it. Alternate translation: “the tablets that had the words of the covenant on them” 9:15 lyj0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo שְׁתֵּ֥י יָדָֽ⁠י 1 The expression **two hands** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “my hands” 9:16 j8rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִנֵּ֤ה 1 Moses is using the term **behold** to emphasize his shock at seeing the Israelites’ sin. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “” 9:16 g65g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular חֲטָאתֶם֙ & אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶ֔ם עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם לָ⁠כֶ֔ם & סַרְתֶּ֣ם & אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** here are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. -9:16 eok0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סַרְתֶּ֣ם מַהֵ֔ר מִן־הַ⁠דֶּ֕רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 Here Yahweh is speaking of obedience as if it was a **path** that one walks on. He speaks of disobedience as turning aside from that **path**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this in [verse 12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “You have quickly disobeyed what Yahweh commanded you” +9:16 eok0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סַרְתֶּ֣ם מַהֵ֔ר מִן־הַ⁠דֶּ֕רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 See how you translated this metaphor in [verse 12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “You had rapidly disobeyed the commandments of Yahweh” 9:17 fr0u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וָֽ⁠אַשְׁלִכֵ֔⁠ם מֵ⁠עַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֣י יָדָ֑⁠י 1 The expression **threw them out of my two hands** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “and threw them” 9:17 af08 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לְ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 The word **your** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. -9:17 tplx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Here, **eyes** represent the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as you watched” -9:18 t6ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וָֽ⁠אֶתְנַפַּל֩ לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה 1 Here, **prostrated** refers to the act of bowing on the ground and laying prone before an honored person. This is a symbolic action to worship and show submission. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “And I prostrated myself in worship of Yahweh” -9:18 xf6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” -9:18 f1fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּ⁠רִאשֹׁנָ֗ה 1 Moses is referring to the first 40 day and 40 night fast that he completed on Mount Sinai from [verse 9](../09/09.md). You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as before you sinned, I fasted” -9:18 op3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּ⁠מַ֖יִם לֹ֣א שָׁתִ֑יתִי 1 This does not mean that there was no **bread** or **water** available for Moses. Moses means that he chose to go without food or water while he was on the mountain. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. See how you translated this in [verse 9](../09/09.md). +9:17 tplx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Here, **eyes** represent the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as you observed” +9:18 t6ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וָֽ⁠אֶתְנַפַּל֩ לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה 1 Here, **prostrated** refers to the act of bowing on the ground and laying prone before an honored person. This is a symbolic action to worship and show submission. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “And I bowed before Yahweh in submission and lay prone on the ground” +9:18 xf6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before” +9:18 f1fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּ⁠רִאשֹׁנָ֗ה 1 Moses is referring to the first 40 day and 40 night fast that he completed on Mount Sinai from [verse 9](../09/09.md). You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and I fasted again” +9:18 op3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּ⁠מַ֖יִם לֹ֣א שָׁתִ֑יתִי 1 See how you translated this in [verse 9](../09/09.md). 9:18 rbix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֶ֚חֶם 1 Here, **bread** represents all food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food” 9:18 cw8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֥י 1 Here, **in the eyes of** is an idiom for someone's opinion or evaluation. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the evaluation of” -9:18 a42t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לְ⁠הַכְעִיסֽ⁠וֹ 1 This does not mean that the Israelites provoked Yahweh to anger on purpose, rather that their actions provoked Yahweh to anger. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “which provoked him to anger” -9:19 v2ao rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for Moses prostrating himself in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because” +9:18 a42t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לְ⁠הַכְעִיסֽ⁠וֹ 1 This does not mean that the Israelites provoked Yahweh to anger on purpose, rather that their actions provoked Yahweh to anger. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “which provoked him to anger” +9:19 v2ao rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for Moses prostrating himself in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “But” 9:19 mt8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠פְּנֵ֤י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of” 9:19 i9wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הָ⁠אַף֙ וְ⁠הַ֣⁠חֵמָ֔ה 1 The terms **nose** and **heat** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the extreme anger” -9:19 qh16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָ⁠אַף֙ 1 Here, **nose** represents anger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the anger” +9:19 qh16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָ⁠אַף֙ 1 Here, **nose** represents anger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a body part from your language that is associated with anger or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the rage” 9:19 w1oh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הַ֣⁠חֵמָ֔ה 1 Here, **heat** refers to extreme anger, which causes the angry person’s body to become hot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the rage” -9:19 ivdv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קָצַ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֖ם לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֣יד אֶתְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 The implication is that Yahweh was so **angry** with the Israelites that he wanted **to destroy** them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was angry against you enough to destroy you” +9:19 ivdv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קָצַ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֖ם לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֣יד אֶתְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 The implication is that Yahweh was so **angry** with the Israelites that he wanted **to destroy** them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yahweh raged against you enough to eliminate you” 9:19 d212 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֖ם & אֶתְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 9:19 fxku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔⁠י 1 The implication is that Moses asked Yahweh not to destroy the Israelites, then **Yahweh listened**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh listened to me when I asked him to have mercy on you” 9:19 f6y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גַּ֖ם בַּ⁠פַּ֥עַם הַ⁠הִֽוא 1 This refers back to [5:23-28](../05/23.md), when Moses asked Yahweh if the Israelites could stay at the base of the mountain because they were afraid that they would die in the presence of Yahweh. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as he listened to me when you asked me to speak to Yahweh on your behalf” -9:20 hevs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּֽ⁠בְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֗ן הִתְאַנַּ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה מְאֹ֖ד לְ⁠הַשְׁמִיד֑⁠וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh was so **angry** with the Aaron for making the cast image calf that he wanted **to destroy** him. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh was very angry against Aaron, enough to destroy him” -9:20 siem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָֽ⁠אֶתְפַּלֵּ֛ל גַּם־בְּעַ֥ד אַהֲרֹ֖ן בָּ⁠עֵ֥ת הַ⁠הִֽוא 1 The implication is that Yahweh also listened to Moses’ prayer on behalf of Aaron. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And I interceded also for the sake of Aaron at that time and Yahweh listened to me” +9:20 hevs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּֽ⁠בְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֗ן הִתְאַנַּ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה מְאֹ֖ד לְ⁠הַשְׁמִיד֑⁠וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh was so **angry** with Aaron for making the cast image calf that he wanted **to destroy** him. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh raged against Aaron and wanted to eliminate him” +9:20 siem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָֽ⁠אֶתְפַּלֵּ֛ל גַּם־בְּעַ֥ד אַהֲרֹ֖ן בָּ⁠עֵ֥ת הַ⁠הִֽוא 1 The implication is that Yahweh also listened to Moses’ prayer on behalf of Aaron. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And I interceded on behalf of Aaron, and Yahweh did not eliminate him” 9:21 n7ea rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular חַטַּאתְ⁠כֶ֞ם & עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** here are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. -9:21 q095 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession חַטַּאתְ⁠כֶ֞ם 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe a **sin** that the Israelites had done by making the cast-image calf. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression to describe the sin of the cast-image calf. Alternate translation: “your sinful creation” +9:21 q095 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession חַטַּאתְ⁠כֶ֞ם 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe a **sin** that the Israelites had done by making the cast-image calf. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression to describe an idol. Alternate translation: “your wicked creation” 9:22 n8jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּ⁠בְ⁠תַבְעֵרָה֙ וּ⁠בְ⁠מַסָּ֔ה וּ⁠בְ⁠קִבְרֹ֖ת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה 1 **Taberah**, **Massah**, and **Kibroth Hattaavaare** are names of places that the Israelites traveled through in the wilderness. -9:22 yl7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠תַבְעֵרָה֙ 1 This refers to [Numbers 11:1-3](Num/11/01.md), when the Israelites complained. Yahweh caused fire to burn on some parts of the camp because the Israelites were ungrateful. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And at Taberah, when you complained,” +9:22 yl7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠תַבְעֵרָה֙ 1 This refers to [Numbers 11:1-3](Num/11/01.md), when the Israelites complained about their travels in the wilderness. Yahweh caused fire to burn on some parts of the camp because the Israelites were ungrateful. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And at Taberah, when you complained against Yahweh,” 9:22 yrsh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠מַסָּ֔ה 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 17:1-7](Exo/17/01.md), when the Israelites complained that Yahweh wanted to kill them because they had no water. In the end, Yahweh provided water for the Israelites to drink. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and at Massah, where you complained of thirst,” -9:22 wesu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠קִבְרֹ֖ת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה 1 This refers to the events of [Numbers 11:1-34](Num/11/01.md), when the Israelites complained that they were tired of eating Manna and that they preferred the food in Egypt. As a result, Yahweh sent quail to feed the Israelites. Yahweh punished the ungrateful Israelites by sending a plague that killed some of the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and at Kibroth Hattaavah, where you complained about the manna” +9:22 wesu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠קִבְרֹ֖ת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה 1 This refers to the events of [Numbers 11:1-34](Num/11/01.md), when the Israelites complained that they were tired of eating manna. They said that they preferred the food in Egypt. As a result, Yahweh sent quail to feed the Israelites. Yahweh also punished the ungrateful Israelites by sending a plague that killed some of the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and at Kibroth Hattaavah, where you complained about the manna” 9:22 tdds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular הֱיִיתֶ֖ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 9:23 uc1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁלֹ֨חַ יְהוָ֜ה אֶתְ⁠כֶ֗ם מִ⁠קָּדֵ֤שׁ בַּרְנֵ֨עַ֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר עֲלוּ֙ וּ⁠רְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָ⁠כֶ֑ם וַ⁠תַּמְר֗וּ אֶת־פִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵי⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠לֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠לֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּ⁠קֹלֽ⁠וֹ 1 Moses discusses these events in [1:19-26](../01/19.md). See how you translated this event there. 9:23 hgwo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֶתְ⁠כֶ֗ם & עֲלוּ֙ וּ⁠רְשׁ֣וּ & לָ⁠כֶ֑ם & אֱלֹ֣הֵי⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠לֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠לֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם 1 The words **you**, **your**, and the command forms here are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 9:23 bap1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language. 9:23 xz23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲלוּ֙ 1 The Israelites were camping in a valley, and had to **Go up** in order to enter the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Go up from the valley” 9:23 dxq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּ֤י 1 Here, **mouth** refers to Yahweh’s commands and what he says to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the command of” -9:23 tbr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠לֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔⁠וֹ 1 The Israelites disobeyed Yahweh because they did not believe that Yahweh would fulfill his promise to give them the land. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because you did not believe him” +9:23 tbr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠לֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔⁠וֹ 1 The Israelites disobeyed Yahweh because they did not believe that Yahweh would fulfill his promise to give them the land. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because you did not believe him” 9:23 ll0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠לֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם 1 Here the word **listen** means to listen and obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you did not obey” -9:23 bfb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠קֹלֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **voice** represents the words Yahweh spoke, including his commandments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to what he said” +9:23 bfb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠קֹלֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **voice** represents the words Yahweh spoke, including his commandments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to his commandments” 9:24 r243 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular הֱיִיתֶ֖ם & אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 9:25 u8pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וָֽ⁠אֶתְנַפַּ֞ל לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֣ת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים הַ⁠יּ֛וֹם וְ⁠אֶת־אַרְבָּעִ֥ים הַ⁠לַּ֖יְלָה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי כִּֽי־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 In this verse, Moses repeats what he said in [verse 18](../09/18.md) and continues his speech. If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “And, again I tell you that I fell on my knees before the face of Yahweh 40 days and 40 nights, and I prostrated myself because Yahweh had said to destroy you” -9:25 fq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וָֽ⁠אֶתְנַפַּ֞ל & הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי 1 Here, **prostrated** refers to the act of bowing on the ground and laying prone before an honored person. This is a symbolic action to worship and show submission. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. See how you translated this in [verse 18](../09/18.md). Alternate translation: “And I prostrated myself in worship of Yahweh” -9:25 tka1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” -9:25 o1tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 The implication is that Yahweh said that he intended to destroy the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh intended to destroy you” +9:25 fq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וָֽ⁠אֶתְנַפַּ֞ל & הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי 1 Here, **prostrated** refers to the act of bowing on the ground and laying prone before an honored person. This is a symbolic action to worship and show submission. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “And I bowed down … I bowed down” +9:25 tka1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before” +9:25 o1tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 The implication is that Yahweh said that he intended to eliminate all of the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh intended to eliminate all of you” 9:25 kk9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 9:26 ki6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet עַמְּ⁠ךָ֙ וְ⁠נַחֲלָ֣תְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 The terms **your people** and **your inheritance** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “your own people” -9:26 mct6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠גָדְלֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **greatness** represents Yahweh’s power and all the miracles he performed when he brought the Israelites out of Egypt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through your great might” -9:26 ifw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה 1 Here, hand represents Yahweh’s power and actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with mighty power” +9:26 mct6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠גָדְלֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **greatness** represents Yahweh’s power and all the miracles he performed when he brought the Israelites out of Egypt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through your power” +9:26 ifw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה 1 Here **hand** represents Yahweh’s power and actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with might” 9:27 liv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit זְכֹר֙ לַ⁠עֲבָדֶ֔י⁠ךָ לְ⁠אַבְרָהָ֥ם לְ⁠יִצְחָ֖ק וּֽ⁠לְ⁠יַעֲקֹ֑ב 1 The implication is that Moses wants Yahweh to remember the promises he made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and how those men obeyed Yahweh. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Remember the obedience of your servants, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob” 9:27 s9n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־תֵּ֗פֶן אֶל 1 Here **turn** means “think about” or “regard.” Moses is speaking of turning to something as if it was the same as focusing on it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not dwell on” 9:27 eq55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קְשִׁי֙ 1 Here **hardness** means “stubbornness.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the stubborn acts of” -9:27 fu6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רִשְׁע֖⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wickedness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “their wicked acts” -9:28 axhc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּן 1 Moses uses **lest** to introduce an imaginary situation to convince Yahweh not to destroy the Israelites. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “otherwise,” +9:27 fu6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רִשְׁע֖⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wickedness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “their evil acts” +9:28 axhc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּן 1 Moses uses **lest** to introduce an imaginary situation to convince Yahweh not to destroy the Israelites. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “otherwise” 9:28 k03f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes יֹאמְר֗וּ הָ⁠אָרֶץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹצֵאתָ֣⁠נוּ מִ⁠שָּׁם֒ מִ⁠בְּלִי֙ יְכֹ֣לֶת יְהוָ֔ה לַ⁠הֲבִיאָ֕⁠ם אֶל־הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר לָ⁠הֶ֑ם וּ⁠מִ⁠שִּׂנְאָת֣⁠וֹ אוֹתָ֔⁠ם הוֹצִיאָ֖⁠ם לַ⁠הֲמִתָ֥⁠ם בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּֽר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation as modeled by the UST. 9:28 cc26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָ⁠אָרֶץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹצֵאתָ֣⁠נוּ מִ⁠שָּׁם֒ 1 Here, **the land where you brought us out from** represents the people of Egypt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians” 9:28 d71l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הוֹצֵאתָ֣⁠נוּ & לַ⁠הֲבִיאָ֕⁠ם & הוֹצִיאָ֖⁠ם 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “took” instead of **brought**. Alternate translation: “you took us out … to take them … he has taken them out” 9:28 gtwf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דִּבֶּ֣ר 1 Here **spoke** means “promised”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he promised” 9:29 dknc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet עַמְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠נַחֲלָתֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 The terms **your people** and **your inheritance** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “your own people” 9:29 vfxd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הוֹצֵ֨אתָ֙ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “took” instead of **brought**. Alternate translation: “you took out” -9:29 roqq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּ⁠כֹחֲ⁠ךָ֣ הַ⁠גָּדֹ֔ל וּ⁠בִֽ⁠זְרֹעֲ⁠ךָ֖ הַ⁠נְּטוּיָֽה 1 The terms **great power** and **outstretched arm** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “by your very great power” -9:29 rw92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בִֽ⁠זְרֹעֲ⁠ךָ֖ הַ⁠נְּטוּיָֽה 1 Here, **arm** refers to Yahweh’s power, influence, and capacity for action. The word **outstretched** means that he is using that power. If your readers would not understand what this image means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by your acts of strength” +9:29 roqq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּ⁠כֹחֲ⁠ךָ֣ הַ⁠גָּדֹ֔ל וּ⁠בִֽ⁠זְרֹעֲ⁠ךָ֖ הַ⁠נְּטוּיָֽה 1 The terms **great power** and **outstretched arm** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “by your amazing acts” +9:29 rw92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בִֽ⁠זְרֹעֲ⁠ךָ֖ הַ⁠נְּטוּיָֽה 1 Here, **arm** refers to Yahweh’s power. Moses speaks of stretching out an arm as if it were a demonstration of supernatural power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by your awesome deeds” 10:intro ceg6 0 # Deuteronomy 10 General Notes\n\n\n## Outline\n- vv. 1-5: Yahweh writes the commandments on stone tablets again\n- vv. 6-7: Aaron dies and the priesthood continues\n- vv. 8-9: the special role of the Levites\n- vv. 10-11: Yahweh listens to Moses and does not destroy the Israelites\n- vv. 12-22: Moses encourages the Israelites to obey Yahweh\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter.\n\n\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in This Chapter\n### You singular -10:1 y2d7 בָּ⁠עֵ֨ת הַ⁠הִ֜וא 1 This refers to the end of the 40 days and 40 nights when \nMoses fasted on the mountain. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “After I finished praying and fasting” +10:1 y2d7 בָּ⁠עֵ֨ת הַ⁠הִ֜וא 1 This refers to the end of the 40 days and 40 nights when Moses fasted on the mountain. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “After I finished praying and fasting” 10:1 sa1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כָּ⁠רִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like the first tablets of stone” -10:1 gyhg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal כָּ⁠רִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “like the previous ones” +10:1 gyhg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal כָּ⁠רִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “like the earlier” 10:1 lyz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָ⁠הָ֑רָ⁠ה 1 This refers to Mount Sinai. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “on Mount Sinai” -10:2 edoz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠דְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֛וּ עַל־הַ⁠לֻּחֹ֥ת הָ⁠רִאשֹׁנִ֖ים 1 Here, **the words that were on the first tablets** refers to the Ten Commandments. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “the same commandments that were on the first tablets” -10:2 pfzv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal עַל־הַ⁠לֻּחֹ֥ת הָ⁠רִאשֹׁנִ֖ים 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “on the previous tablets” +10:2 edoz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠דְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֛וּ עַל־הַ⁠לֻּחֹ֥ת הָ⁠רִאשֹׁנִ֖ים 1 Here, **the words that were on the first tablets** refers to the Ten Commandments. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “those same commandments that were on the tablets” +10:2 pfzv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal עַל־הַ⁠לֻּחֹ֥ת הָ⁠רִאשֹׁנִ֖ים 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “on the previous ones” 10:3 wt9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כָּ⁠רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like the first tablets of stone” 10:3 osmy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal כָּ⁠רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “like the previous ones” 10:3 u26k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָ⁠הָ֔רָ⁠ה 1 Here, **mountain** refers to Mount Sinai. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “Mount Sinai” 10:3 fnnd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וּ⁠שְׁנֵ֥י הַ⁠לֻּחֹ֖ת בְּ⁠יָדִֽ⁠י 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could describe how Moses carried the tablets with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “and I was carrying the two tablets” or “and the two tablets were in my hands” 10:4 mi34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וַ⁠יִּכְתֹּ֨ב עַֽל־הַ⁠לֻּחֹ֜ת כַּ⁠מִּכְתָּ֣ב הָ⁠רִאשׁ֗וֹן אֵ֚ת עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת הַ⁠דְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֥ם בָּ⁠הָ֛ר מִ⁠תּ֥וֹךְ הָ⁠אֵ֖שׁ בְּ⁠י֣וֹם הַ⁠קָּהָ֑ל 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “And on the mountain, Yahweh wrote the Ten Words on the tablets just like he did before” -10:4 mvlt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal כַּ⁠מִּכְתָּ֣ב הָ⁠רִאשׁ֗וֹן 1 -10:4 axmo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּ⁠הָ֛ר מִ⁠תּ֥וֹךְ הָ⁠אֵ֖שׁ בְּ⁠י֣וֹם הַ⁠קָּהָ֑ל 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 19](Exo/19/01.md), when the Israelites gather at the base of Mount Sinai while Moses goes to the top. There, Yahweh tells Moses all the commandments from a fire at the top of Mount Sinai. -10:4 suaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּתְּנֵ֥⁠ם יְהוָ֖ה 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the two stone tablets. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “the stone tablets” +10:4 mvlt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal כַּ⁠מִּכְתָּ֣ב הָ⁠רִאשׁ֗וֹן 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “like the previous writing” +10:4 axmo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּ⁠הָ֛ר מִ⁠תּ֥וֹךְ הָ⁠אֵ֖שׁ בְּ⁠י֣וֹם הַ⁠קָּהָ֑ל 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 19](Exo/19/01.md), when the Israelites gather at the base of Mount Sinai while Moses goes to the top. There, Yahweh tells Moses all the commandments from a fire at the top of Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “from fire on Mount Sinai while you were assembled” +10:4 suaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּתְּנֵ֥⁠ם יְהוָ֖ה 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the two stone tablets. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh gave the stone tablets” 10:5 wr6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָ⁠אֵ֗פֶן 1 Here, the word **turned** describes the beginning of action. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “And I got up” 10:5 utj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם 1 The implication is that the tablets are still in the box at the time when Moses is giving this speech to the Israelites. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “And they have been there ever since” -10:6-9 kwb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וּ⁠בְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נָֽסְע֛וּ מִ⁠בְּאֵרֹ֥ת בְּנֵי־יַעֲקָ֖ן מוֹסֵרָ֑ה שָׁ֣ם מֵ֤ת אַהֲרֹן֙ וַ⁠יִּקָּבֵ֣ר שָׁ֔ם וַ⁠יְכַהֵ֛ן אֶלְעָזָ֥ר בְּנ֖⁠וֹ תַּחְתָּֽי⁠ו׃ &\nמִ⁠שָּׁ֥ם נָסְע֖וּ הַ⁠גֻּדְגֹּ֑דָ⁠ה וּ⁠מִן־הַ⁠גֻּדְגֹּ֣דָ⁠ה יָטְבָ֔תָה אֶ֖רֶץ נַ֥חֲלֵי מָֽיִם׃ 1 This verse provides background information about the places that the Israelites traveled to help readers understand what happens next in the story. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information. -10:6 f4iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִ⁠בְּאֵרֹ֥ת בְּנֵי־יַעֲקָ֖ן מוֹסֵרָ֑ה 1 The terms **Beeroth Bene Jaakan** and **Moserah** are names of places that the people of Israel traveled through. **Beeroth Bene Jaakan** means “the wells that belonged to the sons of Jaakan.” You could include this information in a footnote if it would be helpful for your readers. -10:6 l2u3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּקָּבֵ֣ר שָׁ֔ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the Israelites buried him there” -10:7 qs9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ⁠גֻּדְגֹּ֑דָ⁠ה וּ⁠מִן־הַ⁠גֻּדְגֹּ֣דָ⁠ה יָטְבָ֔תָה 1 The words **Gudgodah** and **Jotbathah** are names of places that the Israelites traveled through. -10:7 w4zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶ֖רֶץ נַ֥חֲלֵי מָֽיִם 1 Here, the writer is using the possessive form to describe a **land** that is filled with many **streams of water**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “a well-watered land” +10:6-9 kwb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וּ⁠בְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נָֽסְע֛וּ מִ⁠בְּאֵרֹ֥ת בְּנֵי־יַעֲקָ֖ן מוֹסֵרָ֑ה שָׁ֣ם מֵ֤ת אַהֲרֹן֙ וַ⁠יִּקָּבֵ֣ר שָׁ֔ם וַ⁠יְכַהֵ֛ן אֶלְעָזָ֥ר בְּנ֖⁠וֹ תַּחְתָּֽי⁠ו׃ &\nמִ⁠שָּׁ֥ם נָסְע֖וּ הַ⁠גֻּדְגֹּ֑דָ⁠ה וּ⁠מִן־הַ⁠גֻּדְגֹּ֣דָ⁠ה יָטְבָ֔תָה אֶ֖רֶץ נַ֥חֲלֵי מָֽיִם׃ 1 These verses provide background information about the places where the Israelites traveled in order to help readers understand what happens next in the story. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information. +10:6 f4iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִ⁠בְּאֵרֹ֥ת בְּנֵי־יַעֲקָ֖ן מוֹסֵרָ֑ה 1 The terms **Beeroth Bene Jaakan** and **Moserah** are names of places where the people of Israel traveled. **Beeroth Bene Jaakan** means “the wells that belonged to the sons of Jaakan.” You could include this information in a footnote if it would be helpful for your readers. +10:6 l2u3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּקָּבֵ֣ר שָׁ֔ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the people of Israel made a grave for him at that place” +10:7 qs9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ⁠גֻּדְגֹּ֑דָ⁠ה וּ⁠מִן־הַ⁠גֻּדְגֹּ֣דָ⁠ה יָטְבָ֔תָה 1 The words **Gudgodah** and **Jotbathah** are names of places where the Israelites traveled. +10:7 w4zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶ֖רֶץ נַ֥חֲלֵי מָֽיִם 1 Here, the writer is using the possessive form to describe a **land** that contains many **streams of water**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “a well-watered land” 10:8 yqro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִבְדִּ֤יל יְהוָה֙ 1 Here **separated** means “chose for a special role”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh selected” 10:8 bq99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe the **box** that contains **the covenant of Yahweh**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the box that held the covenant of Yahweh” -10:8 wove rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּרִית־יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, **the covenant of Yahweh** represents the two stone tablets on which Yahweh wrote the Ten Commandments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the stone tablets” -10:8 p84p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠עֲמֹד֩ לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֤ה לְ⁠שָֽׁרְת⁠וֹ֙ 1 This means “to offer sacrifices to Yahweh in the sacred tent”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to offer sacrifices before the face of Yahweh” -10:8 lnyx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” -10:8 j087 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠לְ⁠בָרֵ֣ךְ 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and to bless people” +10:8 wove rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּרִית־יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, **the covenant of Yahweh** represents the two stone tablets on which Yahweh wrote the Ten Commandments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the tablets of the covenant” +10:8 p84p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠עֲמֹד֩ לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֤ה לְ⁠שָֽׁרְת⁠וֹ֙ 1 The phrase **stand before the face of Yahweh to serve him** means “to offer sacrifices to Yahweh in the sacred tent”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to worship Yahweh in the sacred tent” +10:8 lnyx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before” +10:8 j087 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠לְ⁠בָרֵ֣ךְ 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and to bless human beings” 10:8 dqs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּ⁠שְׁמ֔⁠וֹ 1 Here, **name** represents all of Yahweh: his power, presence, knowledge, and so on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by his power” 10:8 br5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 The implication is that the Levites are still fulfilling the duties listed in this verse at the time that Deuteronomy was written. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “as they are doing today” -10:9 u8bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־הָיָ֧ה לְ⁠לֵוִ֛י חֵ֥לֶק וְ⁠נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 The implication is that the Levites will not receive any **portion** or **inheritance** of land. See [Numbers 18:20](Num/18/20.md) for more information. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “Levi has no portion nor inheritance of land” +10:9 u8bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־הָיָ֧ה לְ⁠לֵוִ֛י חֵ֥לֶק וְ⁠נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 The implication is that the Levites will not receive any **portion** or **inheritance** of land. See [Numbers 18:20](Num/18/20.md) for more information. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “Levi does not own any land” 10:9 srn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֹֽא־הָיָ֧ה לְ⁠לֵוִ֛י 1 Here **Levi** refers to Levi and his descendants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Levi and his descendants have no” 10:9 d08p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶחָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here **brothers** refers to the people of the other Israelite tribes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the other Israelites” -10:9 v39n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh speaks of the special relationship that Aaron and his descendants will have with him as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service” +10:9 v39n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh speaks of the special priesthood that Aaron and his descendants have with as if Yahweh were something that they inherit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service” 10:9 gjem rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא 1 For emphasis, the author is stating the pronoun **himself**, whose meaning is already implied in the sentence. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “Yahweh indeed” 10:9 agmt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֱלֹהֶ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Even though the author is referring to all of the Israelites, **your** is singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. 10:9 q5x0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דִּבֶּ֛ר 1 Here **spoke** means “promised.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “promised” 10:9 fhs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here **him** refers to Levi and his descendants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the tribe of Levi” -10:10 hja2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations 0 This verse continues Moses’ speech to the Israelites from [verse 5](../10/05.md). Consider natural ways of continuing direct quotations in your language. +10:10 hja2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations 0 This verse continues Moses’ speech to the Israelites from [verse 5](../10/05.md). Consider natural ways of continuing direct quotations in your language as modeled by the UST. 10:10 rwqv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֞י עָמַ֣דְתִּי 1 For emphasis, Moses is stating the pronoun **myself**, whose meaning is already included in the verb translated as **stood**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **myself**. Alternate translation: “And indeed I stood” 10:10 v2x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עָמַ֣דְתִּי 1 Here **stood** means “stayed” or “remained”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remained” 10:10 c3iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal כַּ⁠יָּמִים֙ הָ⁠רִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “as the previous time” 10:10 mbd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֨ע יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗⁠י גַּ֚ם בַּ⁠פַּ֣עַם הַ⁠הִ֔וא 1 The implication is that Yahweh **listened** to Moses’ request to not destroy the Israelites, just like Yahweh listened to Moses’ request to not destroy Aaron in [9:26](../09/26.md). You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “And I interceded on your behalf and Yahweh listened to me at that time also” -10:11 ltaw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י 1 Here **faces** represents people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before” +10:11 ltaw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י 1 Here **faces** represents people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in front of” 10:11 yxy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠אֲבֹתָ֖⁠ם 1 Yahweh is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their predecessors” 10:12 d3lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **Israel** represents the Israelite people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” 10:12-13 x2jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מָ֚ה יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ שֹׁאֵ֖ל מֵ⁠עִמָּ֑⁠ךְ כִּ֣י אִם־לְ֠⁠יִרְאָה אֶת־יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜י⁠ךָ לָ⁠לֶ֤כֶת בְּ⁠כָל־דְּרָכָי⁠ו֙ וּ⁠לְ⁠אַהֲבָ֣ה אֹת֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠לַֽ⁠עֲבֹד֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ בְּ⁠כָל־לְבָבְ⁠ךָ֖ וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־נַפְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ &\nלִ⁠שְׁמֹ֞ר אֶת־מִצְוֺ֤ת יְהוָה֙ וְ⁠אֶת־חֻקֹּתָ֔י⁠ו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּ⁠ךָ֖ הַ⁠יּ֑וֹם לְ⁠ט֖וֹב לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 Moses is using the question form to teach the people of Israel what Yahweh wants them to do. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation, as modeled by the UST. -10:12 hd9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ⁠לֶ֤כֶת בְּ⁠כָל־דְּרָכָי⁠ו֙ 1 Here Moses is speaking of obeying commands as if it were walking on a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to obey all his commands” -10:12 l6ea rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠כָל־לְבָבְ⁠ךָ֖ וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־נַפְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 Here, **heart** and **spirit** could be: (1) terms that both refer to a person’s inner being that are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “your inner being” (2) terms that refer to different aspects of a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “your being and person”\n -10:14 kf71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֵ֚ן 1 Moses is using the term **behold** to focus the Israelites’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Be aware of this” +10:12 hd9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ⁠לֶ֤כֶת בְּ⁠כָל־דְּרָכָי⁠ו֙ 1 Here Moses is speaking of commandments as if they were **paths** and saying that obeying commandments is like walking on those **paths**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to obey all his commandments” +10:12 l6ea rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠כָל־לְבָבְ⁠ךָ֖ וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־נַפְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 Here, **heart** and **spirit** could be: (1) terms that both refer to a person’s inner being that are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “your inner being” (2) terms that refer to different aspects of a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “your being and person” +10:14 kf71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֵ֚ן 1 Moses is using the term **behold** to focus the Israelites’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Be aware” 10:14 ifm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֖יִם וּ⁠שְׁמֵ֣י הַ⁠שָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 The possessive form is being used here to include all parts of the heavens, even the highest part. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use another form to indicate this height. Alternate translation: “all of the heavens, even to the highest part of heaven” -10:15 swp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast רַ֧ק 1 Moses uses the word **Only** here to indicate a strong contrast between Yahweh’s authority over the universe and his love for the Israelites. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But, in spite of everything,” +10:15 swp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast רַ֧ק 1 Moses uses the word **Only** here to indicate a strong contrast between Yahweh’s authority over the universe and his love for the Israelites. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Nevertheless” 10:15 jsmt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular בָּ⁠כֶ֛ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. -10:15 i4q6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠זַרְעָ֣⁠ם 1 \t\r\n\r\nHere, seed means “offspring.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their offspring” 10:15 yl3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּה 1 Moses means that, at the time of this speech to the Israelites, they are still Yahweh’s chosen people. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “as you are his chosen people this day” -10:16 f72x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מַלְתֶּ֕ם אֵ֖ת עָרְלַ֣ת לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here Moses is speaking of physical circumcision as if it was spiritual circumcision. Moses means that the Israelites should remove sin from their lives and obey Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you shall obey Yahweh” +10:16 f72x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מַלְתֶּ֕ם אֵ֖ת עָרְלַ֣ת לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here Moses is speaking of physical circumcision as if it were moral goodness. Moses means that the Israelites should remove sin from their lives and obey Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you shall obey Yahweh” 10:16 u7kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וּ⁠מַלְתֶּ֕ם & וְ⁠עָ֨רְפְּ⁠כֶ֔ם & לֹ֥א תַקְשׁ֖וּ 1 The words **you** and **your** here are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 10:16 rq4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וּ⁠מַלְתֶּ֕ם 1 See the [book introduction](../front/intro.md) for more infromation about translating **shall**. Alternate translation: “And circumcise” -10:16 caiu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠עָ֨רְפְּ⁠כֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תַקְשׁ֖וּ 1 Here, to **harden your neck** is an idiom that means “be stubborn” and “be rebellious.” The image comes from an animal that does not want to go the way his master is trying to direct him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not be hard-hearted” or “and do not be rebellious” +10:16 caiu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠עָ֨רְפְּ⁠כֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תַקְשׁ֖וּ 1 Here **harden your necks** is an idiom that means “be stubborn” and “be rebellious.” The image comes from an animal that does not want to go the way his master is trying to direct him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not be hard-hearted” or “and do not be rebellious” 10:17 tbk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֚י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do these things because” 10:17 t6lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 The word **your** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. -10:17 d6f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽ⁠אֱלֹהִ֔ים 1 This does not mean that other gods worship Yahweh, which would imply that other gods exist. Moses means that Yahweh is the one true God. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “the one true God” +10:17 d6f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽ⁠אֱלֹהִ֔ים 1 This does not mean that other gods worship Yahweh. Moses means that Yahweh is the one true God. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “the one true God” 10:17 m7kg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הָ⁠אֵ֨ל הַ⁠גָּדֹ֤ל הַ⁠גִּבֹּר֙ 1 The terms **great** and **mighty** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the very mighty God” 10:17 grna rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹא־יִשָּׂ֣א פָנִ֔ים 1 Here, **lift up a face** is an idiom that means “be partial to someone.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “does not play favorites” or “judges everyone fairly” -10:17 ekq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִקַּ֖ח שֹֽׁחַד 1 The implication is that one cannot pay Yahweh a bribe to convince him to make an unjust decision. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and does not take a bribe to make an unjust decision” -10:18 rsq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish עֹשֶׂ֛ה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט יָת֖וֹם וְ⁠אַלְמָנָ֑ה וְ⁠אֹהֵ֣ב גֵּ֔ר 1 This does not mean that Yahweh shows partiality towards the fatherless, widow, or foreigner. This means that Yahweh makes sure that everyone is treated fairly. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “He makes a fair judgment for the fatherless and widow, and he loves a foreigner” +10:17 ekq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִקַּ֖ח שֹֽׁחַד 1 The implication is that one cannot pay Yahweh a **bribe** to convince him to make an unjust decision. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and does not take a bribe to make an unjust decision” +10:18 rsq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֹשֶׂ֛ה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט יָת֖וֹם וְ⁠אַלְמָנָ֑ה וְ⁠אֹהֵ֣ב גֵּ֔ר 1 This means that Yahweh makes sure that everyone is treated fairly. Yahweh does not show partiality towards **the fatherless, widow,** or **foreigner**. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “He makes a fair judgment for the fatherless and widow, and he cares for a foreigner” 10:18 em76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns יָת֖וֹם וְ⁠אַלְמָנָ֑ה וְ⁠אֹהֵ֣ב גֵּ֔ר לָ֥⁠תֶת ל֖⁠וֹ 1 The words **fatherless, widow**, and **foreigner** represent everyone in those groups in general, not one particular fatherless person, widow, or foreigner. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “for anyone who is fatherless or a widow, and he loves all foreigners, giving to them” 10:18 fjrx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֶ֥חֶם 1 Here, **bread** represents all food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food” 10:19 fuc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וַ⁠אֲהַבְתֶּ֖ם & הֱיִיתֶ֖ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. -10:19 tr94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַ⁠גֵּ֑ר 1 The word **foreigner** represents all foreigners in general, not one particular foreigner. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any foreigners” -10:19 luze rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names כִּֽי 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because” +10:19 tr94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַ⁠גֵּ֑ר 1 The word **foreigner** represents all foreigners in general, not one particular foreigner. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any foreigner” +10:19 luze rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names כִּֽי 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “since” 10:20 rd6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אֶת־יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛י⁠ךָ תִּירָ֖א אֹת֣⁠וֹ תַעֲבֹ֑ד וּ⁠ב֣⁠וֹ תִדְבָּ֔ק וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ תִּשָּׁבֵֽעַ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the phrasing to emphasize that the Israelites should worship only Yahweh. See how you translated a similar verse in [6:13](../06/13.md). Alternate translation: “It is Yahweh your God and no one else whom you shall fear; it is he alone whom you shall worship, and it is to him whom you shall cling, and it is by his name only that you shall swear” -10:20 zn42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠ב֣⁠וֹ תִדְבָּ֔ק 1 Here Moses is speaking of having a good relationship with Yahweh as if it was clinging to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and with him you shall maintain a good relationship” +10:20 zn42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠ב֣⁠וֹ תִדְבָּ֔ק 1 Here Moses is speaking of having a good relationship with Yahweh as if it were clinging to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and with him you shall maintain a good relationship” 10:20 jmpk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ תִּשָּׁבֵֽעַ 1 The implication is that, when the Israelites **swear** by Yahweh, that means they are asking Yahweh to take note of their promise and punish them if they do not fulfill their promise. Moses wants the Israelites to only invoke Yahweh’s name when making promises. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and you shall make strong promises using his name” 10:20 r17v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ תִּשָּׁבֵֽעַ 1 Here, **name** represents all of Yahweh: his power, presence, knowledge, and so on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and swear by Yahweh himself” 10:21 d1ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche which your eyes have seen 0 Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “which you yourselves have seen” @@ -1187,8 +1183,8 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd 10:21 pd01 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵינֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Moses is using **eyes** to represent the whole person in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you yourself” 10:22 jp7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֹתֶ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Your predecessors” 10:22 p41a בְּ⁠שִׁבְעִ֣ים נֶ֔פֶשׁ יָרְד֥וּ אֲבֹתֶ֖י⁠ךָ מִצְרָ֑יְמָ⁠הּ 1 This refers to the events of [Genesis 46](Gen/46/01.md), when Jacob and his whole family moved from Canaan to Egypt. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Your fathers went down from Canaan into Egypt as 70 souls” -10:22 fl9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נֶ֔פֶשׁ 1 Here, **souls** represents a human life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people” -10:22 mbn0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ⁠עַתָּ֗ה 1 Moses uses the word **now** here to indicate a strong contrast between how many Israelites there were when the Israelites first went to Egypt and how many Israelites there are at the time of this speech. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And now, in contrast” +10:22 fl9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נֶ֔פֶשׁ 1 Here, **souls** represents human lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people” +10:22 mbn0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ⁠עַתָּ֗ה 1 Moses uses the word **now** here to indicate a strong contrast between how many Israelites there were when the Israelites first went to Egypt and how many Israelites there are at the time of this speech. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yet” 10:22 hh5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠כוֹכְבֵ֥י הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֖יִם לָ⁠רֹֽב 1 Moses says **like the stars of the heavens in number** here as a generalization for emphasis. He means that Yahweh has blessed the Israelites so they had many children and increased in population. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “almost as numerous as the stars of heaven” 11:intro ifg3 0 # Deuteronomy 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Deuteronomy 11 Outline\n- vv. 1-7: Moses wants the Israelites to obey Yahweh because of his miracles\n- vv. 8-15: Blessings for obedience\n- vv. 16-17: Warnings for disobedience\n- vv. 18-25: The importance of Yahweh’s words\n- vv. 26-32: Instructions on the blessings and curses\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Placing Yahweh’s Words on One’s Arms, Forehead, and Doorposts\n[Verses 18-20](../11/18.md) command the Israelites to always remember Yahweh’s words. There are different understandings of these commands. Some Jewish traditions interpret these verses as meaning that the Israelites should physically write copies of the law. Others believe that the command is to memorize and cherish the law. Translators should be careful to translate the passage as it is, without implying one interpration or the other in their translation.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in This Chapter\n\n### “You”\n\nUnless otherwise noted, all instances of “you” and “your” are plural in this chapter because Moses is speaking to all the Israelites. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) 11:1 wvr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd וְ⁠אָ֣הַבְתָּ֔ & אֱלֹהֶ֑י⁠ךָ וְ⁠שָׁמַרְתָּ֣ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. @@ -1227,6 +1223,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd 11:7 z5cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵֽינֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 Here **eyes** represents the whole person in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you yourselves” 11:7 owqy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אֶת־כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה הַ⁠גָּדֹ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עָשָֽׂה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the phrasing. Alternate translation: “all the great work that Yahweh did” 11:7 pud2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה הַ⁠גָּדֹ֑ל 1 The term **great work** refers to all the miracles and other deeds that Yahweh did using his great power. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the wonders of Yahweh” +4:37 crec rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns בְּ⁠זַרְע֖⁠וֹ אַחֲרָ֑י⁠ו 1 In this verse, the pronouns **his** and **him** are singular in form, but they refer to all of the Israelites’ ancestors as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “their seed after them” 11:8 o97u rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֣עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks what comes after it as the goal or purpose of what comes before it. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. 11:8 a2nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys תֶּחֶזְק֗וּ וּ⁠בָאתֶם֙ 1 The two words **be strong** and **go in** express a single idea. The word **be strong** tells how they will be able to go in and conquer the land. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “you may be strong enough to go in” 11:8 ppnc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וּ⁠בָאתֶם֙ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “and come in” @@ -1234,7 +1231,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd 11:9 n8nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וּ⁠לְמַ֨עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks what comes after it as the goal or purpose of obeying Yahweh. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. 11:9 h376 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תַּאֲרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ 1 If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will **prolong** the **days** when they live on the land. Moses is speaking of time as if it were something over which man could exercise control, to prolong it. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “you may live for many generations” 11:9 xc4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠אֲבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֛ם 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to your predecessors” -11:9 e4cr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠לְ⁠זַרְעָ֑⁠ם 1 Here, **seed** means “offspring.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to their offspring” 11:9 gfv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ 1 Here, **a land flowing with milk and honey** is an idiom that means “a very fertile land.” The word **milk** means that much cattle can survive there and produce milk. The word **honey** means that crops grow well there, so bees can produce honey. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this in [6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “in a rich and fertile land” or “in a land good for cattle and crops” 11:10 nbu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הִשְׁקִ֥יתָ בְ⁠רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֖ 1 The word **foot** refers to hard work. In Egypt, workers would use their feet to turn a water wheel that would water the fields. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and struggled just to water the fields” 11:10 kfl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כְּ⁠גַ֥ן הַ⁠יָּרָֽק 1 Here, **garden of herbs** refers to a vegetable garden. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “vegetable garden” @@ -1430,41 +1426,58 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd 12:31 tgsf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֵ֔ן 1 Here the word **thus** refers to the ways the other nations worship their gods. Moses is forbidding the Israelites from worshiping Yahweh in those ways. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as the other nations do” 12:31 oug3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי֩ 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because” 12:31 ckft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure כָּל־תּוֹעֲבַ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׂנֵ֗א עָשׂוּ֙ לֵ⁠אלֹ֣הֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reword these phrases so that the subject and verb are clear. Alternate translation: “they have done for their gods every abomination which Yahweh hates” -13:intro e2ze 0 # Deuteronomy 13 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Worshiping other gods\n\nThe people were required to listen to Yahweh’s prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel’s worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]]) -13:1 z8ea 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -13:1 ei8s If there arises among you 0 Alternate translation: “If there appears among you” or “If someone among you claims to be” -13:1 d2pw a dreamer of dreams 0 This is someone who receives messages from God through dreams. -13:1 ml5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet a sign or a wonder 0 These two words have similar meanings and refer to various miracles. -13:2 b259 comes about 0 Alternate translation: “takes place” or “happens” -13:2 nj6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations of which he spoke to you and said, ‘Let us go after other gods, that you have not known, and let us worship them,’ 0 This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and he tells you to serve and worship other gods which you have not known,” -13:2 nsf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Let us go after other gods 0 Worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were going after or following other gods. Alternate translation: “Let us follow other gods” -13:2 mcy5 go after other gods, that you have not known 0 The phrase “gods, that you have not known” refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power. -13:3 z2lg do not listen to the words of that prophet, or to that dreamer of dreams 0 Alternate translation: “do not listen to what that prophet say nor to what the dreamer of dreams says” -13:3 fp72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with all your heart and with all your soul 0 Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -13:4 gw9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You will walk after Yahweh your God 0 Obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people were walking after or following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You will obey Yahweh” -13:4 s4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy obey his voice 0 Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” -13:4 ugl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cling to him 0 To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “rely on him” -13:5 d5ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive will be put to death 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must kill” -13:5 h1yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns he has spoken rebellion 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebellion**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he has tried to make you rebel” -13:5 ttf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who redeemed you out of the house of bondage 0 Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people out of slavery. Alternate translation: “who rescued you out of the place where you were slaves” -13:5 z5ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of bondage 0 Here “house of bondage” represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. Alternate translation: “Egypt where you were slaves” -13:5 tbl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor draw you out of the way in which Yahweh your God commanded you to walk 0 How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road on which God wants his people to walk. A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying God is spoken of as if the person were trying to get the other person to stop walking on God’s way or road. Alternate translation: “make you disobey what Yahweh your God commanded” -13:5 nf2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj So put away the evil from among you 0 Here “the evil” refers to the evil person or the evil behavior. This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “So you must remove from among the people of Israel the person who does this evil thing” or “So you must kill this evil person” -13:6 g89u 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -13:6 ync7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom wife of your bosom 0 A bosom is a person’s chest. This is a idiom that he holds close to his chest, which means he loves and cherishes her. Alternate translation: “wife you love” or “wife you dearly embrace” -13:6 qme9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy friend who is to you like your own soul 0 Here “soul” represents the person’s life. This means the person cares for his friend as much as he cares for his own life. Alternate translation: “your dearest friend” or “a friend you love as much as you love yourself” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -13:7 rbz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations any of the gods of the peoples … other end of the earth.’ 0 This is the end of a quotation within a quotation that begins with the words “secretly entices you and says, ‘Let us go and worship … neither you nor your ancestors—” in verse 6. It can be translated as an indirect quotation. “secretly entices you and says that you should go and worship … neither you nor your ancestors—any of the gods of the peoples … other end of the earth.” -13:7 g6lt that are round about you 0 Alternate translation: “that are around you” -13:7 g5tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth 0 Here the reference to the two extremes of the earth means “everywhere on earth.” Alternate translation: “throughout the entire earth” -13:8 g9gf You must not give in to him 0 Alternate translation: “Do not agree to what he wants” -13:8 rg47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you must not permit your eye to pity him 0 Here “your eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you msut not look at him with pity” or “you must not show him mercy” -13:8 k3lz you must not spare him or conceal him 0 Alternate translation: “you must not show him mercy or hide from others what he has done” -13:9 akr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your hand will be the first on him to put him to death 0 This means that he was to throw the first stone at the guilty person. The word “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “you must be the first to strike him to kill him” -13:9 vu5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the hand of all the people 0 Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the other people will join you” -13:10 nt8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he has tried to draw you away from Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “to turn you away from Yahweh.” A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were trying to cause someone to physically turn around and leave Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he has tried to make you disobey Yahweh” -13:10 cdm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the house of bondage 0 Here “house of bondage” represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out from the place where you were slaves” -13:11 ns29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit All Israel will hear and fear 0 It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed, they will be afraid to act like he did. -13:12 j637 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +13:intro e2ze 0 # Deuteronomy 13 General Notes\n\n\nThis chapter continues Moses’ second speech, which began in [Chapter 5](../05/01.md). \n\n## Chapter 13 Outline\n- vv. 1-11: Execute idol worshippers\n- vv. 12-18: Destroy cities where idol worshippers live\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Worshiping other gods\n\nThe people were required to listen to Yahweh’s prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel’s worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### “You”\nMoses is speaking to all of the Israelites. \n\n +13:1 v8gm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo כִּֽי 1 Moses is using the word **If** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning against idolatry. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “It is possible that” +13:1 nwsz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֹלֵ֣ם חֲל֑וֹם 1 Here, **dreamer of dreams** means someone who interprets the meaning of dreams. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a word in your language that describes someone who interprets dreams or omens. Alternate translation: “fortune-teller” +13:1 ei8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָק֤וּם 1 Here **arises** means “appears.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “appears” +13:1 bu7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נָתַ֥ן אֵלֶ֛י⁠ךָ א֖וֹת א֥וֹ מוֹפֵֽת 1 This could mean that the prophet or dreamer of dreams will (1) perform a sign or wonder. Alternate translation: “and he enacts before you a sign or a wonder” (2) announce that a sign or wonder will occur. Alternate translation: “and he tells you about a sign or a wonder” +13:1 ml5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet א֖וֹת א֥וֹ מוֹפֵֽת 1 The terms **sign** and **wonder** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “any supernatural act” +13:2 b259 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בָ֤א הָ⁠אוֹת֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠מּוֹפֵ֔ת 1 Here **comes about** means “happens”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the sign or the wonder occurs” +13:2 eyty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֶ֖י⁠ךָ לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר נֵֽלְכָ֞ה אַחֲרֵ֨י אֱלֹהִ֧ים אֲחֵרִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יְדַעְתָּ֖⁠ם וְ⁠נָֽעָבְדֵֽ⁠ם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “which he told you about in order to lead you to other gods, that you have not known, so you can worship them” +13:2 nj6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language. +13:2 nsf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֵֽלְכָ֞ה אַחֲרֵ֨י 1 Here, **go after** means “worship.” Moses is speaking of worshiping idols as if people were physically walking behind idols to follow them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let us serve” +13:3 fp72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּ⁠כָל־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־נַפְשְׁ⁠כֶֽם 1 Here, heart and soul could be: (1) terms that both refer to a person’s inner being that are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “with all your inner being” (2) terms that refer to different aspects of a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “with all your being and with all your person” +13:4 ep6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֵּלֵ֖כוּ 1 See the [book introduction](../front/intro.md) for more information about translating **shall**. Alternate translation: “Walk” +13:4 gw9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַחֲרֵ֨י & תֵּלֵ֖כוּ 1 Here, **walk after** means “worship.” Moses is speaking of worshiping Yahweh as if people were physically walking behind him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You shall worship” +13:4 s4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בְ⁠קֹל֣⁠וֹ תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ 1 Here, **voice** represents the words that Yahweh spoke, which include his commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “and listen to his instructions” +13:4 ugl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠ב֥⁠וֹ תִדְבָּקֽוּ⁠ן 1 Here Moses is speaking of having a good relationship with Yahweh as if a person were physically holding onto him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and maintain a good relationship with him” +13:5 jdmd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וְ⁠הַ⁠נָּבִ֣יא הַ⁠ה֡וּא א֣וֹ חֹלֵם֩ הַ⁠חֲל֨וֹם הַ⁠ה֜וּא יוּמָ֗ת כִּ֣י דִבֶּר־סָ֠רָה עַל־יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶ֜ם הַ⁠מּוֹצִ֥יא אֶתְ⁠כֶ֣ם ׀ מֵ⁠אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם וְ⁠הַ⁠פֹּֽדְ⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים לְ⁠הַדִּֽיחֲ⁠ךָ֙ מִן־הַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֧ר צִוְּ⁠ךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖י⁠ךָ לָ⁠לֶ֣כֶת בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases so it is clear which phrases refer to Yahweh and which refer to the prophet or dreamer of dreams. Alternate translation: “And that prophet or dreamer of dreams shall be put to death because he has spoken rebellion against Yahweh your God in order to drive you out from the way in which Yahweh your God commanded you to walk. Remember that Yahweh your God is the one who brought you out from the land of Egypt, and who redeemed you from the house of slavery” +13:5 d5ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠נָּבִ֣יא הַ⁠ה֡וּא א֣וֹ חֹלֵם֩ הַ⁠חֲל֨וֹם הַ⁠ה֜וּא יוּמָ֗ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you must put to death that prophet or that dreamer of dreams” +13:5 h1yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דִבֶּר־סָ֠רָה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebellion**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he wants you to rebel” +13:5 obby rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הַ⁠מּוֹצִ֥יא אֶתְ⁠כֶ֣ם 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “took” instead of **brought**. Alternate translation: “who took you out” +13:5 ttf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים 1 Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a **house** where people keep slaves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the place where you were slaves” +13:5 tbl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠הַדִּֽיחֲ⁠ךָ֙ מִן־הַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֧ר צִוְּ⁠ךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖י⁠ךָ לָ⁠לֶ֣כֶת בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 Here Moses is speaking of obedience as if it were a **way** that one walks on. He speaks of disobedience as going away from that path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to cause you to reject the commands of Yahweh your God” +13:5 qi6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָ⁠רָ֖ע מִ⁠קִּרְבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here Moses is speaking of **evil** as if it were a physical object one could remove from a community of people If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And do not tolerate evil among you” +13:5 nf2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj הָ⁠רָ֖ע 1 Moses is using the adjective **evil** as a noun to mean an evil person and their evil behavior. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “any evildoer” +13:6 k2qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo כִּ֣י 1 Moses is using the word translated as **If** to introduce a hypothetical situation. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “It could happen that” +13:6 ync7 waiting rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֣שֶׁת חֵיקֶ֗⁠ךָ 1 Here, **bosom** represents relational intimacy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your dear wife” +13:6 qme9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile רֵֽעֲ⁠ךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר כְּ⁠נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֖ 1 Here, Moses means a **friend** who is so important to someone that they are as important as **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “your dearest friend” +13:6-7 guv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes יְסִֽיתְ⁠ךָ֡ & בַּ⁠סֵּ֣תֶר לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר נֵֽלְכָ֗ה וְ⁠נַֽעַבְדָה֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתָּ אַתָּ֖ה וַ⁠אֲבֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “secretly entices you to go and serve other gods that you have not known—you nor your fathers—from the gods of the peoples that surround you, near to you or far from you, from one end of the earth and to the other end of the earth” +13:6 dj5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language. +13:6 jh1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠אֲבֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your predecessors” +13:7 y6pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽ⁠עַמִּ֗ים 1 Here Moses is using the possessive form to describe **gods** whom the nearby **peoples** worship. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “from the gods worshiped by the peoples” +13:7 g6lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָֽ⁠עַמִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיבֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 The implication is that **the peoples that surround** the Israelites live near the land where the Israelites will live. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the bordering nations” +13:7 vk3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הַ⁠קְּרֹבִ֣ים אֵלֶ֔י⁠ךָ א֖וֹ הָ⁠רְחֹקִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠ךָּ מִ⁠קְצֵ֥ה הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ וְ⁠עַד־קְצֵ֥ה הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “near to you or far from you, indeed, from one end of the earth and to the other end of the earth” +13:7 k024 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism הַ⁠קְּרֹבִ֣ים אֵלֶ֔י⁠ךָ א֖וֹ הָ⁠רְחֹקִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑⁠ךָּ 1 Here Moses is referring to all of the earth by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wherever they are” +13:7 g5tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism מִ⁠קְצֵ֥ה הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ וְ⁠עַד־קְצֵ֥ה הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 Here Moses is referring to all of the earth by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “anywhere on earth” +13:8 rg47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹא־תָח֤וֹס עֵֽינְ⁠ךָ֙ עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 Here, **your eye shall not pity him** is an idiom that means “do not feel sorry for him.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not let your heart soften towards him” or “and do not have compassion on him” +13:8 px2o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹֽא־תְכַסֶּ֖ה עָלָֽי⁠ו 1 Here Moses means that people should not **hide** or keep secret the fact that someone is urging others to worship idols. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “nor hide his guilt” +13:9 r45b rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast כִּ֤י 1 Moses uses the word **Instead** here to indicate a strong contrast between what someone should and should not do when they find out someone is urging others to worship idols. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Rather” +13:9 o91n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication הָרֹג֙ תַּֽהַרְגֶ֔⁠נּוּ 1 Moses is repeating the verb **kill** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “you shall surely kill him” +13:9 nkik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָרֹג֙ תַּֽהַרְגֶ֔⁠נּוּ 1 The implication is that the Israelites will **kill** those people by throwing stones at them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you shall surely stone him to death” +13:9 akr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֛ & וְ⁠יַ֥ד כָּל־הָ⁠עָ֖ם בָּ⁠אַחֲרֹנָֽה 1 Here Moses is using **hand** to represent the whole person in the act of executing someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You yourself … and afterwards, all the other people” +13:10 es1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וּ⁠סְקַלְתּ֥⁠וֹ בָ⁠אֲבָנִ֖ים וָ⁠מֵ֑ת 1 The expression **stone him to death with stones** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “And you shall stone him to death” +13:10 nt8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠הַדִּֽיחֲ⁠ךָ֙ מֵ⁠עַל֙ יְהוָ֣ה 1 Here Moses is speaking of obedience as if it were a path that one walks on. He speaks of disobedience as someone driving one away from that path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to cause you to reject the commands of Yahweh” +13:10 eo35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הַ⁠מּוֹצִיאֲ⁠ךָ֛ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “took” instead of **brought**. Alternate translation: “who took you out” +13:10 cdm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים 1 Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a **house** where people keep slaves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the place where you were slaves” +13:11 ns29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִשְׁמְע֖וּ 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the chapter if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “will hear about the execution” +13:11 gl25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּ⁠דָּבָ֥ר 1 Here **things** refers to the actions of the false prophets and dreamers of dreams. These include urging others to disobey Yahweh and urging others to worship idols. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as the idolatrous deeds of” +13:11 y3ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns הָ⁠רָ֛ע 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wickedness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “sinful behavior” +13:12 xoke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo כִּֽי 1 Moses is using the word translated as **If** to introduce a hypothetical condition. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “It could happen that” +13:12 mugg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis תִשְׁמַ֞ע 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these implied words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you hear someone say” +13:12 ako0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo עָרֶ֗י⁠ךָ אֲשֶׁר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜י⁠ךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְ⁠ךָ֛ לָ⁠שֶׁ֥בֶת שָׁ֖ם 1 The expression **your cities that Yahweh your God gives to you to live there** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “your cities that Yahweh your God gives to you” +13:12 yn6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language. +13:12-13 e5em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כִּֽי־תִשְׁמַ֞ע בְּ⁠אַחַ֣ת עָרֶ֗י⁠ךָ אֲשֶׁר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜י⁠ךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְ⁠ךָ֛ לָ⁠שֶׁ֥בֶת שָׁ֖ם לֵ⁠אמֹֽר & יָצְא֞וּ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֨עַל֙ מִ⁠קִּרְבֶּ֔⁠ךָ וַ⁠יַּדִּ֛יחוּ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י עִירָ֖⁠ם לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר נֵלְכָ֗ה וְ⁠נַעַבְדָ֛ה אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יְדַעְתֶּֽם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “If you hear that some sons of wickedness have gone out from one of your cities that Yahweh your God gives to you to live there and have driven out the inhabitants in order to convince them to serve other gods that they have not known”\n 13:13 di92 Some wicked fellows have gone out from among you 0 The phrase “from among you” means that these wicked men were Israelites who lived in their communities. 13:13 tq34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations have drawn away the inhabitants of their city and said, ‘Let us go and worship other gods that you have not known.’ 0 This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “have persuaded those who live in their city to go and worship other gods that they have not known.” 13:13 wb69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have drawn away the inhabitants of their city 0 A person causing someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person has caused the other person to physically turn and leave Yahweh.