Jane's edits to RUTH (#3145)

Co-authored-by: justplainjane47 <justplainjane47@noreply.door43.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3145

tn_RUT.tsv

@@ -1,104 +1,102 @@
 Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
-front:intro	f68r				0	# Introduction to Ruth\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Ruth\n\n1. How Ruth came to Bethlehem with Naomi (1:1–22)\n1. Boaz helps Ruth as she gleans (2:1–23)\n1. Boaz and Ruth at the threshing floor (3:1–18)\n1. How Ruth became the wife of Boaz (4:1–16)\n1. Obed born to Ruth and Boaz; the genealogy of David (4:13–22)\n\n### What is the Book of Ruth about?\n\nThis book is about a non-Israelite woman named Ruth. It tells how she came to join the people of Yahweh. The book also explains how Ruth became an ancestor of King David.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has the title **Ruth** because she is the main person in it. Translators can use a title such as **The Book about Ruth**. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### When did the events in the Book of Ruth occur?\n\nThe story of Ruth is set during the time when there were **judges** in Israel. This was after the people of Israel had entered into the land of Canaan, but before they had a king. The “judges” were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. These leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of them may have served only certain tribes.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Why does Scripture include a book about a woman from the foreign land of Moab?\n\nIn a period when Israel was often unfaithful to Yahweh, a woman from Moab shows great faith in him. The Israelites’ frequent lack of faith in Yahweh is contrasted with the faith of this woman from a foreign land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])\n\n### What important marriage custom is found in the Book of Ruth?\n\nIsraelites practiced what is called **levirate marriage**. In this custom, the closest male relative of a man who died without any children was obligated to provide for his widow by marrying her. Usually this would be one of the man’s brothers. Any children born to them were to be regarded as children of the dead man. They did this so that the dead man would have descendants. If the closest relative did not marry the woman, another relative could fulfil this obligation.\n\n### What was a **kinsman-redeemer**?\n\nA person’s close relative or relatives were expected to act as **kinsmen-redeemers** (2:20 ULT) for him or her. They were responsible to provide for a relative in need, fulfil obligations of **levirate marriage**, and buy back land into the family that had been sold to someone outside of the family. In the Book of Ruth, Boaz is one such kinsman-redeemer.\n\n### What was **gleaning** in the Book of Ruth?\n\nIn Israel, poor people were allowed to follow after the men who harvested a field. These **gleaners** picked up stalks of grain that the harvesters missed or dropped. In this way, poor people were able to find some food. Ruth became a gleaner in a field belonging to Boaz.\n\n### What is covenant faithfulness or covenant loyalty?\n\nA covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill. Covenant faithfulness or covenant loyalty is when a person does what they said they would do, according to the covenant that they had made. God made a covenant with Israel, in which he promised that he would love and be faithful to the Israelites. The Israelites were to do the same toward him and toward each other.\n\nThe Book of Ruth shows that what kinsmen-redeemers do for their relatives is part of Israel’s duties in God’s covenant with them. The story of Boaz, Ruth, and Naomi gives examples to all of Israel of the good effects of covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])\n\n### What function did city gates have in the ancient Near East?\n\nCity gates in the time of Boaz were meeting places for the city elders. Elders were honored men who decided business matters and legal matters together. The city walls were thick, especially at the entryways, and the gates had guard towers beside and above them. Therefore the gateway opening provided a large shady area for public meetings, and there were places for important people to sit. For this reason, Boaz and the other elders sat in the gateway.\n\nSome English Bible versions speak of Boaz sitting **at** the city gate, but it may be best for translators to make clear that Boaz sat **in** the city gateway.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How does the Book of Ruth change from one topic to another topic?\n\nThe Book of Ruth often changes to new topics or new parts of the story. The ULT uses various words to indicate these changes, such as **so,** **then,** and **now**. Translators should use the ways most natural in their own languages to signal these changes.
+front:intro	f68r				0	# Introduction to Ruth\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Ruth\n\n1. How Ruth came to Bethlehem with Naomi (1:1–22)\n1. Boaz helps Ruth as she gleans (2:1–23)\n1. Boaz and Ruth at the threshing floor (3:1–18)\n1. How Ruth became the wife of Boaz (4:1–16)\n1. Obed born to Ruth and Boaz; the genealogy of David (4:13–22)\n\n### What is the book of Ruth about?\n\nThis book is about a non-Israelite woman named Ruth. It tells how she came to join the people of Yahweh. The book also explains how Ruth became an ancestor of King David.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has the title **Ruth** because she is the main person in it. Translators can use a title such as **The Book About Ruth**. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### When did the events in the book of Ruth occur?\n\nThe story of Ruth is set during the time when there were judges in Israel. This was after the people of Israel had entered into the land of Canaan, but before they had a king. The judges were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. These leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped the people make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of them may have served only certain tribes.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Why does Scripture include a book about a woman from the foreign land of Moab?\n\nIn a period when Israel was often unfaithful to Yahweh, a woman from Moab showed great faith in him. The Israelites’ frequent lack of faith in Yahweh is contrasted with the faith of this woman from a foreign land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])\n\n### What important marriage custom is found in the book of Ruth?\n\nIsraelites practiced what is called "levirate marriage." In this custom, the closest male relative of a man who died without any children was obligated to provide for his widow by marrying her. Usually this would be one of the man’s brothers. Any children born to them were to be regarded as children of the dead man. They did this so that the dead man would have descendants. If the closest relative did not marry the woman, another relative could fulfil this obligation.\n\n### What was a "kinsman-redeemer"?\n\nA person’s close relative or relatives were expected to act as "kinsmen-redeemers" (2:20 ULT) for him or her. They were responsible to provide for a relative in need, fulfill obligations of levirate marriage, and buy back land into the family that had been sold to someone outside of the family. In the book of Ruth, Boaz is one such kinsman-redeemer.\n\n### What was "gleaning" in the book of Ruth?\n\nIn Israel, poor people were allowed to follow after the men who harvested a field. These gleaners picked up stalks of grain that the harvesters missed or dropped. In this way, poor people were able to find some food. Ruth became a gleaner in a field belonging to Boaz.\n\n### What is covenant faithfulness or covenant loyalty?\n\nA covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill. Covenant faithfulness or covenant loyalty is when a person does what they said they would do according to the covenant that they had made. God made a covenant with Israel in which he promised that he would love and be faithful to the Israelites. The Israelites were to do the same toward him and toward each other.\n\nThe book of Ruth shows that what kinsmen-redeemers do for their relatives is part of Israel’s duties according to God’s covenant with them. The story of Boaz, Ruth, and Naomi gives examples to all of Israel of the good effects of covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])\n\n### What function did city gates have in the ancient Near East?\n\nCity gates in the time of Boaz were meeting places for the city elders. Elders were honored men who decided business matters and legal matters together. The city walls were thick, especially at the entryways, and the gates had guard towers beside and above them. Therefore, the gateway opening provided a large shady area for public meetings and there were places for important people to sit. For this reason, Boaz and the other elders sat in the gateway.\n\nSome English Bible versions speak of Boaz sitting at the city gate, but it may be best for translators to make clear that Boaz sat in the city gateway.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How does the book of Ruth change from one topic to another topic?\n\nThe book of Ruth often changes to new topics or new parts of the story. The ULT uses various words to indicate these changes, such as "so," "then," and "now." Translators should use the ways most natural in their own languages to signal these changes.
-1:intro	irf4				0	# Ruth 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### **It happened in the days when the judges ruled**\n\nThe events of this book occur during the period of Judges. The book is concurrent with the book of Judges. To understand the historical context of the book, the translator may wish to review the book of Judges.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Women without a husband or children\n\nIn the ancient Near East, if a woman lacked a husband or sons, she was considered to be in a dire circumstance. She would not have been able to provide for herself. This is why Naomi told her daughters to remarry.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Contrast\n\nThe actions of Ruth the Moabite are intended to contrast with the actions of Naomi the Jew. Ruth shows great faith in Naomi’s God, while Naomi does not trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
+1:intro	irf4				0	# Ruth 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n### **It happened in the days when the judges ruled**\n\nThe events of this book occur during the period of Judges. The book is concurrent with the book of Judges. To understand the historical context of the book, the translator may wish to review the book of Judges.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Women without a husband or children\n\nIn the ancient Near East, if a woman lacked a husband or sons, she was considered to be in a dire circumstance. She would not have been able to provide for herself. This is why Naomi told her daughters to remarry.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Contrast\n\nThe actions of Ruth the Moabite are intended to contrast with the actions of Naomi the Jew. Ruth shows great faith in Naomi’s God, while Naomi does not trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
-1:1	sb2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	וַ⁠יְהִ֗י	1	**It was** or **This is what happened**. This is a common way of beginning a historical story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+1:1	sb2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	וַ⁠יְהִ֗י	1	This is a common way of beginning a historical story. Alternative translation: "It was" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
-1:1	m9nl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous	בִּ⁠ימֵי֙ שְׁפֹ֣ט הַ⁠שֹּׁפְטִ֔ים	1	**during the time when judges led and governed Israel** (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
+1:1	m9nl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous	בִּ⁠ימֵי֙ שְׁפֹ֣ט הַ⁠שֹּׁפְטִ֔ים	1	The phrase **in the days of** indicates the time period during which the famine happened. Use a natural form in your language for introducing the time during which another event happened. Alternate translation: “in the time when the judges ruled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
-1:1	nm13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בָּ⁠אָ֑רֶץ	1	This refers to the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1:1	nm13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בָּ⁠אָ֑רֶץ	1	This phrase, **in the land**, refers to the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1:1	mmb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	אִ֜ישׁ	1	**a man**. This is a common way of introducing a character into a story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
+1:1	mmb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	אִ֜ישׁ	1	This is a common way of introducing a character into a story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
-1:2	e53a			אֶפְרָתִ֔ים מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה	1	The name **Ephrathites** refers to the people from the clan of Ephrathah, who lived in the area around Bethlehem. Alternate translation: “from the clan of Ephrathah, from Bethlehem, in Judah.”
+1:2	e53a			אֶפְרָתִ֔ים מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה	1	The name **Ephrathites** refers to the people from the clan of Ephrathah, people who lived in the area around Bethlehem. Alternate translation: “from the clan of Ephrathah, from Bethlehem, in Judah.”
-1:3	rxb1			הִ֖יא וּ⁠שְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶֽי⁠הָ׃	1	**Naomi had only her two sons remaining with her**
+1:3	rxb1			הִ֖יא וּ⁠שְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶֽי⁠הָ׃	1	**so that Naomi had only her two sons remaining with her**
-1:4	pk7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וַ⁠יִּשְׂא֣וּ לָ⁠הֶ֗ם נָשִׁים֙	1	**married women**. This is an idiom for marrying women. They did not take women who were already married. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+1:4	pk7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וַ⁠יִּשְׂא֣וּ לָ⁠הֶ֗ם נָשִׁים֙	1	The phrase **took wives for themselves** is an idiom for marrying women. They did not take women who were already married. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1:4	k7y9			מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת	1	Naomi’s sons married women who were from the tribe of Moab. The Moabites worshiped other gods.
+1:4	k7y9		figs-extrainfo	מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת	1	Naomi’s sons married women who were from the tribe of Moab. The Moabites worshiped other gods and descendants of Moabites were forbidden from becoming part of Israel. If it would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in a footnote or introduction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
-1:4	aee6			שֵׁ֤ם הָֽ⁠אַחַת֙ & וְ⁠שֵׁ֥ם הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֖ית	1	**the name of one woman was … the name of the other woman was**
+1:4	aee6			שֵׁ֤ם הָֽ⁠אַחַת֙ & וְ⁠שֵׁ֥ם הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֖ית	1	Alternate translation: "the name of one woman was … and the name of the other woman was"
 1:4	rt4c			כְּ⁠עֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים	1	About ten years after Elimelek and Naomi came to the country of Moab, their sons Mahlon and Kilion died.
-1:5	dbr3			וַ⁠תִּשָּׁאֵר֙ הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֔ה מִ⁠שְּׁנֵ֥י יְלָדֶ֖י⁠הָ וּ⁠מֵ⁠אִישָֽׁ⁠הּ	1	Naomi was widowed and both her sons died.
+1:5	dbr3			וַ⁠תִּשָּׁאֵר֙ הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֔ה מִ⁠שְּׁנֵ֥י יְלָדֶ֖י⁠הָ וּ⁠מֵ⁠אִישָֽׁ⁠הּ	1	Alternate translation: "and Naomi was left widowed and childless"
-1:6	u9q2			וְ⁠כַלֹּתֶ֔י⁠הָ	1	the women who married Naomi’s sons
+1:6	u9q2			וְ⁠כַלֹּתֶ֔י⁠הָ	1	Alternate translation: "and the women who had married Naomi’s sons"
-1:6	sa4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שָֽׁמְעָה֙ בִּ⁠שְׂדֵ֣ה מוֹאָ֔ב	1	**she had heard while still in the country of Moab**. It is implied that the news came from Israel. Alternate translation: “she had heard from someone who came from Israel while she was in the region of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1:6	sa4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	שָֽׁמְעָה֙ בִּ⁠שְׂדֵ֣ה מוֹאָ֔ב	1	It is implied that the news came from Israel. Alternate translation: “while she was in the region of Moab, she had heard from someone who came from Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1:6	ser2			יְהוָה֙	1	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament.
+1:6	ser2			יְהוָה֙	1	The word **Yahweh** is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament.
-1:6	v86z			פָקַ֤ד & אֶת־עַמּ֔⁠וֹ	1	God saw their need and provided good harvests for them. Alternate translation: “had helped the Israelites”
+1:6	v86z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	פָקַ֤ד & אֶת־עַמּ֔⁠וֹ	1	The implication is that God saw their need and provided good harvests for them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “had helped the Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1:6	ab01		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	לָ⁠תֵ֥ת לָ⁠הֶ֖ם לָֽחֶם׃	1	**Bread** here refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “giving them abundant harvests, so that they had plenty of food.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+1:6	ab01		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	לָ⁠תֵ֥ת לָ⁠הֶ֖ם לָֽחֶם׃	1	Here, **bread** refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “giving them abundant harvests, so that they had plenty of food.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-1:7	w7ti			וַ⁠תֵּלַ֣כְנָה בַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ	1	**and they walked along the road**. To walk down a road means to travel along it by foot.
+1:7	w7ti			וַ⁠תֵּלַ֣כְנָה בַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ	1	Alternate translation: "And they walked along the road" 
-1:8	fu39			לִ⁠שְׁתֵּ֣י כַלֹּתֶ֔י⁠הָ	1	**her two sons’ wives** or **the widows of her two sons**
+1:8	fu39			לִ⁠שְׁתֵּ֣י כַלֹּתֶ֔י⁠הָ	1	Alternate translation: "to her two sons’ wives" or "to the widows of her two sons"
-1:8	lxs2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	אִשָּׁ֖ה	1	Naomi was talking to two people, so languages that have a dual form of **you** would use that throughout her talk. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
+1:8	lxs2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual	אִשָּׁ֖ה	1	Since Naomi is speaking to two people, the form of "you" would be dual here, if your language uses that form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
-1:8	hsf7			לְ⁠בֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑⁠הּ	1	**to the home of each of your mothers**
+1:8	hsf7			לְ⁠בֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑⁠הּ	1	Alternate translation: "to the home of your mother"\n
-1:8	i262			חֶ֔סֶד	1	**covenant faithfulness** is what someone does who is fulfilling all of his obligations and loyalties to another person. See the discussion in the introduction.
+1:8	g4r8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	עִם־הַ⁠מֵּתִ֖ים	1	Here, **with the dead** is referring to Naomi's two sons, who had died.  Alternate translation: "toward your husbands, who died," (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1:8	g4r8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	עִם־הַ⁠מֵּתִ֖ים	1	**to your husbands, who died**. Naomi was referring to her two sons that had died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+1:8	acb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	הַ⁠מֵּתִ֖ים	1	The writer is using the adjective **dead** as a noun to mean those who have died. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: "your husbands, who died" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
-1:8	acb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	הַ⁠מֵּתִ֖ים	1	**your husbands, who died** (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
+1:9	pm6y			יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לָ⁠כֶ֔ם וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ	1	Alternate translation: "May Yahweh give you" or "May Yahweh allow you to have"
-1:9	pm6y			יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לָ⁠כֶ֔ם וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ	1	**May Yahweh give you** or **May Yahweh allow you to have**
+1:9	c74v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ מְנוּחָ֔ה	1	The word **rest** here does not refer to sitting down to rest. It means a place where these women would belong, a home for them, which would include the security that comes through marriage. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1:9	c74v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ מְנוּחָ֔ה	1	**Rest** here does not refer to sitting down to rest. It means a place where these women would belong, a home for them, which would include the security that comes through marriage. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1:9	v2vx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	בֵּ֣ית אִישָׁ֑⁠הּ	1	This means with new husbands, not with their previous husbands, who died, or with someone else’s husband. The word **house** refers to both a physical house that belongs to the husband, and to the protection from shame and poverty that a husband provides. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1:9	v2vx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	בֵּ֣ית אִישָׁ֑⁠הּ	1	This means with new husbands, not with their previous husbands who died or with someone else’s husband. **House** refers to both a physical house that belongs to the husband, and to the protection from shame and poverty that a husband provides. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1:9	t69w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וַ⁠תִּשֶּׂ֥אנָה קוֹלָ֖⁠ן וַ⁠תִּבְכֶּֽינָה	1	To lift up the voice is an idiom for speaking loudly. The daughters cried loudly or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1:9	t69w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וַ⁠תִּשֶּׂ֥אנָה קוֹלָ֖⁠ן וַ⁠תִּבְכֶּֽינָה	1	To raise the voice is an idiom for speaking loudly. The daughters cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+1:10	mag8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	נָשׁ֖וּב	1	When Orpah and Ruth said **we,** they were referring to themselves and not Naomi. So languages that have inclusive and exclusive forms of **we** would use the exclusive form here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-1:10	mag8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	נָשׁ֖וּב	1	When Orpah and Ruth said **we,** they were referring to themselves and not Naomi. So languages that have inclusive and exclusive **we** would use the exclusive form here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+1:10	bq4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	אִתָּ֥⁠ךְ	1	The word **you** is singular here because it refers to Naomi. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
-1:10	bq4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	אִתָּ֥⁠ךְ	1	Here **you** is the singular form referring to Naomi. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
+1:11	ggi3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	לָ֥⁠מָּה תֵלַ֖כְנָה עִמִּ֑⁠י	1	The author is using the question form here to convince the young women of her own conviction. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate \ntranslation: “It does not make sense for you to go with me.” or “You should not go with me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-1:11	ggi3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	לָ֥⁠מָּה תֵלַ֖כְנָה עִמִּ֑⁠י	1	This is a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “It does not make sense for you to go with me.” or “You should not go with me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+1:11	q2hn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הַֽ⁠עֽוֹד־לִ֤⁠י בָנִים֙ בְּֽ⁠מֵעַ֔⁠י וְ⁠הָי֥וּ לָ⁠כֶ֖ם לַ⁠אֲנָשִֽׁים	1	The writer is using the question form to cause the young women to say that she cannot have other sons for them to marry. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is certainly not possible for me to have any more sons who could become your husbands.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-1:11	q2hn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הַֽ⁠עֽוֹד־לִ֤⁠י בָנִים֙ בְּֽ⁠מֵעַ֔⁠י וְ⁠הָי֥וּ לָ⁠כֶ֖ם לַ⁠אֲנָשִֽׁים	1	This is a rhetorical question. Naomi uses this question to say that she cannot have other sons for them to marry. Alternate translation: “Obviously it is not possible for me to have any more sons who could become your husbands.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+1:12	dyc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	זָקַ֖נְתִּי מִ⁠הְי֣וֹת לְ⁠אִ֑ישׁ	1	The implication is that Naomi cannot again marry and provide them with husbands. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I am too old to marry again and bear more children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1:12	dyc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	זָקַ֖נְתִּי מִ⁠הְי֣וֹת לְ⁠אִ֑ישׁ	1	The reason a husband would be important can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I am too old to marry again and bear more children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1:12	abc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	כִּ֤י אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ יֶשׁ־לִ֣⁠י תִקְוָ֔ה גַּ֣ם הָיִ֤יתִי הַ⁠לַּ֨יְלָה֙ לְ⁠אִ֔ישׁ וְ⁠גַ֖ם יָלַ֥דְתִּי בָנִֽים	1	This rhetorical question begins here and continues into the next verse. Naomi uses this question to say that she cannot provide other sons for them to marry. Alternate translation: “Even if it were possible that I could expect to marry right away and also give birth to sons right away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-1:12	abc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	כִּ֤י אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ יֶשׁ־לִ֣⁠י תִקְוָ֔ה גַּ֣ם הָיִ֤יתִי הַ⁠לַּ֨יְלָה֙ לְ⁠אִ֔ישׁ וְ⁠גַ֖ם יָלַ֥דְתִּי בָנִֽים	1	This rhetorical question begins here and continues into the next verse. Naomi uses this question to say that she cannot have other sons for them to marry. Alternate translation: “Even if it were possible that I could expect to marry right away and also give birth to sons right away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+1:12	kh9g			יָלַ֥דְתִּי בָנִֽים	1	Alternate translation: "I were to bear sons" or "I were to deliver baby boys"
-1:12	kh9g			יָלַ֥דְתִּי בָנִֽים	1	**bear children** or **deliver baby boys**
+1:13	gmc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגְדָּ֔לוּ הֲ⁠לָהֵן֙ תֵּֽעָגֵ֔נָה לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֖י הֱי֣וֹת לְ⁠אִ֑ישׁ	1	Naomi completes the rhetorical question she began in the previous verse and asks a second rhetorical question which emphasizes the same meaning. Alternate translation: “you would not wait until they were grown up so that you could marry them. You would need to marry a husband before then.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-1:13	gmc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגְדָּ֔לוּ הֲ⁠לָהֵן֙ תֵּֽעָגֵ֔נָה לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֖י הֱי֣וֹת לְ⁠אִ֑ישׁ	1	Naomi completes the rhetorical question she began in the previous verse, and asks a second rhetorical question which emphasizes the same meaning. Alternate translation: “ … you would not wait until they were grown up so that you could marry them. You would need to marry a husband before then.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1:13	ab04			אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגְדָּ֔לוּ הֲ⁠לָהֵן֙ תֵּֽעָגֵ֔נָה לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֖י הֱי֣וֹת לְ⁠אִ֑ישׁ	1	This refers to the practice of levirate marriage, in which it is expected that, if a married man dies, one of his brothers will marry the man’s widow. See the introduction for more explanation.
-1:13	gh99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	מַר־לִ֤⁠י מְאֹד֙	1	Bitterness is a metaphor for grief. Alternate translation: “It greatly grieves me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1:13	gh99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	מַר־לִ֤⁠י מְאֹד֙	1	Here, bitterness is a metaphor for grief. Alternate translation: “it is a great grief for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1:13	z9u3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	יָצְאָ֥ה בִ֖⁠י יַד־יְהוָֽה	1	The word **hand** refers to Yahweh’s power or influence. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused terrible things to happen to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1:13	z9u3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	יָצְאָ֥ה בִ֖⁠י יַד־יְהוָֽה	1	Here, **hand** represents the power of God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly.  Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh has caused terrible things to happen to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1:13	ab02		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	יָצְאָ֥ה בִ֖⁠י יַד־יְהוָֽה	1	What Yahweh has done can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has taken away our husbands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1:13	ab02		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	יָצְאָ֥ה בִ֖⁠י יַד־יְהוָֽה	1	The implication is that Yahweh caused the deaths of Naomi's family. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has taken away our husbands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1:14	n47v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וַ⁠תִּשֶּׂ֣נָה קוֹלָ֔⁠ן וַ⁠תִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה	1	This means that they cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+1:14	n47v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וַ⁠תִּשֶּׂ֣נָה קוֹלָ֔⁠ן וַ⁠תִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה	1	Here, **they lifted up their voices** is an idiom meaning that they expressed themselves loudly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: "they wailed and wept loudly" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1:14	t4sl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וְ⁠ר֖וּת דָּ֥בְקָה בָּֽ⁠הּ	1	**Ruth clung to her**. Alternate translation: “Ruth refused to leave her” or “Ruth would not leave her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1:14	t4sl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וְ⁠ר֖וּת דָּ֥בְקָה בָּֽ⁠הּ	1	The implication is that Ruth would not let go of her. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Ruth refused to leave her” or “Ruth would not leave her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1:15	ld6g			הִנֵּה֙	1	**Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important**
+1:15	ld6g			הִנֵּה֙	1	Alternate translation, punctuated as a separate sentence: "Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important."
-1:15	nqm3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	יְבִמְתֵּ֔⁠ךְ	1	**the wife of your husband’s brother** or **Orpah**. Use the most natural way in your language to refer to this person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
+1:15	nqm3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	יְבִמְתֵּ֔⁠ךְ	1	The author is using the phrase **your sister-in-law** to refer to Orpha, a participant in the story. If your language has its own way of referring to participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: "the wife of your husband’s brother" or "Orpah" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
-1:15	man4			אֱלֹהֶ֑י⁠הָ	1	Before Orpah and Ruth married Naomi’s sons, they worshiped the gods of Moab. During their marriage, they began to worship Yahweh. Now, Orpah was going to worship the gods of Moab again.
+1:15	man4			אֱלֹהֶ֑י⁠הָ	1	Here, **her gods** is using the possessive form to describe a the gods of the Moabites. Before Orpah and Ruth married Naomi’s sons, they worshiped the gods of Moab. During their marriage, they began to worship Yahweh. Now, Orpah was going to worship the gods of Moab again.  Alternate translation: "the gods that she used to worship"
-1:16	z5ug			וּ⁠בַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּלִ֨ינִי֙	1	**where you live**
+1:16	z5ug			וּ⁠בַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּלִ֨ינִי֙	1	Alternate translation: "where you live"
-1:16	b518		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	עַמֵּ֣⁠ךְ עַמִּ֔⁠י	1	Ruth is referring to Naomi’s people, the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I will consider the people of your country as being my own people” or “I will consider your relatives as my own relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1:16	b518		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	עַמֵּ֣⁠ךְ עַמִּ֔⁠י	1	Here the implication of the phrase **Your people are my people** is that Ruth wants to be adopted into the culture and religion of Naomi, who is an Israelite. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I will consider the people of your country as being my own people” or “I will consider your relatives as my own relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1:17	lql7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	בַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּמ֨וּתִי֙ אָמ֔וּת	1	This refers to Ruth’s desire to spend the rest of her life living in the same place and town as Naomi. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+1:17	lql7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	בַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּמ֨וּתִי֙ אָמ֔וּת	1	The phrase **in the place where you die, I will die** is an idiom that refers to Ruth’s desire to spend the rest of her life living in the same place and town as Naomi. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 1:17	sje3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה יְהוָ֥ה לִ⁠י֙ וְ⁠כֹ֣ה יֹסִ֔יף כִּ֣י	1	This is an idiom that Ruth uses to show that she is very committed to doing what she says. She is making a curse on herself, asking God to punish her if she does not do what she has said. Use the form that your language uses to do this. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1:17	abc2			כִּ֣י הַ⁠מָּ֔וֶת יַפְרִ֖יד בֵּינִ֥⁠י וּ⁠בֵינֵֽ⁠ךְ	1	**If anything other than death separates us from each other** or **if I leave you while you and I are both still alive**
+1:17	abc2			כִּ֣י הַ⁠מָּ֔וֶת יַפְרִ֖יד בֵּינִ֥⁠י וּ⁠בֵינֵֽ⁠ךְ	1	Alternate translation: "if anything other than death separates us from each other" or "if I leave you while you and I are both still alive"
-1:17	ab05		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	יַפְרִ֖יד בֵּינִ֥⁠י וּ⁠בֵינֵֽ⁠ךְ	1	This is an idiom that refers to the space between two people. Alternate translation: “separates the two of us” or “comes between us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+1:17	ab05		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	יַפְרִ֖יד בֵּינִ֥⁠י וּ⁠בֵינֵֽ⁠ךְ	1	This phrase is an idiom that means “separates you and me.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly.  Alternate translation: “separates the two of us” or “comes between us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1:18	rsq2			וַ⁠תֶּחְדַּ֖ל לְ⁠דַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶֽי⁠הָ	1	**Naomi stopped arguing with Ruth**
+1:18	rsq2			וַ⁠תֶּחְדַּ֖ל לְ⁠דַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶֽי⁠הָ	1	Alternate translation: "Naomi stopped arguing with Ruth"
-1:19	j9wa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	וַ⁠יְהִ֗י	1	This sentence introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+1:19	j9wa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	וַ⁠יְהִ֗י	1	**And it happened** introduces a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: "And it came about" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
-1:19	jdr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background	כְּ⁠בֹאָ֨⁠נָה֙ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם	1	This is a background clause, explaining that the new event took place after Naomi had returned to Bethlehem with Ruth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
+1:19	jdr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background	כְּ⁠בֹאָ֨⁠נָה֙ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם	1	This phrase provides background information about their arrival to help readers understand what happens next in the story. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information. Alternate translation: "after Naomi had returned to Bethlehem with Ruth" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
-1:19	y3us		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	כָּל־הָ⁠עִיר֙	1	The **town** refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “everyone in the town” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1:19	y3us		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	כָּל־הָ⁠עִיר֙	1	Here, **town** represents the people who live there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everyone who lived there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1:19	abc3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	כָּל־הָ⁠עִיר֙	1	Here **entire** is hyperbole. Many of the residents of the town were excited, but some of the residents may not have been excited by this news. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
+1:19	abc3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	כָּל־הָ⁠עִיר֙	1	The word **entire** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Many of the residents of the town were excited, but not all of the residents may have been excited by this news. Alternate translation: "most of the residents" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-1:19	xnb3			הֲ⁠זֹ֥את נָעֳמִֽי	1	Since it had been many years since Naomi lived in Bethlehem and now she no longer has her husband and two sons, it is likely that the women were expressing doubt that this woman was actually Naomi. Treat this as a real question, not a rhetorical one.
+1:19	xnb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠זֹ֥את נָעֳמִֽי	1	The writer is using a rhetorical question to emphasize the reaction of the people to Naomi's condition upon her return. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Because it had been many years since Naomi lived in Bethlehem and now she no longer has her husband and two sons, it is likely that the women were expressing shock that this woman was actually Naomi. Treat this as a rhetorical question functioning as an exclamation. Alternate translation: "This must be Naomi!"
-1:20	stw5			אַל־תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה לִ֖⁠י נָעֳמִ֑י	1	The name **Naomi** means **my delight**. Since Naomi lost her husband and sons, she no longer feels that her life matches her name.
+1:20	stw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	אַל־תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה לִ֖⁠י נָעֳמִ֑י	1	The name **Naomi** means **my delight**. Since Naomi lost her husband and sons, she no longer feels that her life matches her name. Alternate translation: "I no longer am called Naomi."
-1:20	swe9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	מָרָ֔א	1	This is a literal rendering of a Hebrew name meaning “bitter.” Since it is a name, you may choose to use the English form, which is **Bitter**, and use a footnote to explain that the English term gives the meaning of the Hebrew name (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+1:20	swe9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	מָרָ֔א	1	**Mara** is a literal rendering of a Hebrew name meaning “bitter.” Since it is a name, you may choose to use the English form, which is **Bitter**, and use a footnote to explain that the English term gives the meaning of the Hebrew name (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1:21	n9zc			אֲנִי֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה הָלַ֔כְתִּי וְ⁠רֵיקָ֖ם הֱשִׁיבַ֣⁠נִי יְהוָ֑ה	1	When Naomi left Bethlehem, she had her husband and her two sons, and she was happy. Naomi blames Yahweh for the death of her husband and sons, saying that he has caused her to return to Bethlehem without them, and now she is bitter and unhappy.
+1:21	n9zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲנִי֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה הָלַ֔כְתִּי וְ⁠רֵיקָ֖ם הֱשִׁיבַ֣⁠נִי יְהוָ֑ה	1	Here, Naomi is speaking of herself as a container that can be **full** or **empty**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “As for me, I went out with a complete family, but Yahweh has brought me back with no one” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1:21	jqx5			עָ֣נָה בִ֔⁠י	1	**has judged me guilty**
+1:21	jqx5			עָ֣נָה בִ֔⁠י	1	Alternate translation: "he has judged me guilty"
-1:21	t1p8			הֵ֥רַֽע לִֽ⁠י	1	**has brought calamity on me** or **has brought tragedy to me**
+1:21	t1p8			הֵ֥רַֽע לִֽ⁠י	1	Alternate translation: "has brought calamity on me" or "has brought tragedy to me"
-1:22	cx7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory	וַ⁠תָּ֣שָׁב נָעֳמִ֗י וְ⁠ר֨וּת	1	This begins a summary statement. English marks this by the word **So**. Determine how your language marks concluding or summary statements and follow that way here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
+1:22	cx7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory	וַ⁠תָּ֣שָׁב נָעֳמִ֗י וְ⁠ר֨וּת	1	The word **So** introduces information about what happened at the end of the story so far. Your language may have its own way of presenting such information. Follow that way here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
-1:22	jdr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	וְ⁠הֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בִּ⁠תְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים	1	The sentence gives background information, explaining that Naomi and Ruth had arrived in Bethlehem around the time when the Israelites were starting to harvest their barley. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+1:22	jdr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	וְ⁠הֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בִּ⁠תְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים	1	This sentence provides background information to help readers understand what happens next in the story. It explains that Naomi and Ruth had arrived in Bethlehem as the Israelites were beginning to harvest their barley. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-1:22	bgy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	בִּ⁠תְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים	1	**the barley harvest**. The phrase **the harvest of barley** can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “when the farmers were just beginning to harvest barley” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1:22	bgy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	בִּ⁠תְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים	1	The phrase **the harvest of barley** can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “when the farmers were just beginning to harvest barley” or "when the farmers started harvesting the barley" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-2:intro	ld2v				0	# Ruth 2 General Notes\n\n## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### **Do not go to glean in another field**\n\nBoaz said this because he could not guarantee Ruth’s safety in another person’s field. It seems that not everyone was as gracious and obedient to the law of Moses as Boaz was. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+2:intro	ld2v				0	# Ruth 2 General Notes\n\n## Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### "Do not go to glean in another field"\n\nBoaz said this because he could not guarantee Ruth’s safety in another person’s field. It seems that not everyone was as gracious and obedient to the law of Moses as was Boaz. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2:1	ab10		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	וּֽ⁠לְ⁠נָעֳמִ֞י מוֹדַ֣ע לְ⁠אִישָׁ֗⁠הּ	1	Verse 1 gives background information about Boaz so that the reader will understand who he is. Your language may also have a specific way to give background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-2:1	t2sn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	וּֽ⁠לְ⁠נָעֳמִ֞י מוֹדַ֣ע לְ⁠אִישָׁ֗⁠הּ	1	This sentence introduces the next part of the story, in which Ruth meets Boaz. Boaz is introduced here as a new participant in the story. Your language may also have a specific way to introduce new events or new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
+2:1	t2sn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	וּֽ⁠לְ⁠נָעֳמִ֞י מוֹדַ֣ע לְ⁠אִישָׁ֗⁠הּ	1	This phrase introduces **Boaz** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
-2:1	b4q7			אִ֚ישׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל	1	**a prominent, wealthy man**. This means that Boaz was prosperous and well known in his community, with a good reputation.
+2:1	b4q7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	אִ֚ישׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל	1	The expression **a man of great worth**  describes Boaz as a person who was prosperous and well known in his community, with a good reputation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state this plainly. Alternate translation: "a prominent, wealthy man" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-2:1	ab09			מִ⁠מִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת אֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ	1	The use of the term **clan** here means that Boaz was related to Elimelek but did not have the same parents as Elimelek. The text is not saying that the clan was named after Elimelek or that Elimelek was the patriarch or leader of the clan.
+2:1	ab09		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	מִ⁠מִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת אֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ	1	The use of the term **clan** here means that Boaz was related to Elimelek but did not have the same parents as Elimelek. The text is not saying that the clan was named after Elimelek or that Elimelek was the patriarch or leader of the clan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])
-2:2	am6a			ר֨וּת הַ⁠מּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה	1	Here the story resumes. Indicate this in the way that your language restarts telling the events of a story after giving background information.
+2:2	am6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	ר֨וּת הַ⁠מּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה	1	Here the writer reintroduces Ruth after giving background information about someone else. If your language has its own way of reintroducing old participants when it resumes a story, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “the same Moabite woman, Ruth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) 
-2:2	c7rk			הַ⁠מּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה	1	This is another way of saying that the woman was from the country or tribe of Moab.
+2:2	c7rk			הַ⁠מּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה	1	Alternate translation: "from the country of Moab"
-2:2	qt4q			וַ⁠אֲלַקֳטָּ֣ה בַ⁠שִׁבֳּלִ֔ים	1	**and gather heads of grain left behind by the harvesters** or **and pick up heads of grain left behind by the harvesters**
+2:2	qt4q			וַ⁠אֲלַקֳטָּ֣ה בַ⁠שִׁבֳּלִ֔ים	1	Alternate translation: "and gather heads of grain left behind by the harvesters" or "and pick up heads of grain left behind by the harvesters"
-2:2	j59b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו	1	The phrase **in whose eyes I will find favor** is an idiom which means “whoever will approve of me.” Ruth speaks of gaining someone’s favor as gaining permission or approval. Alternate translation: “who will be kind to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+2:2	j59b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו	1	The idiom **in whose eyes I find favor** means “whoever will approve of me.”  Ruth speaks of gaining someone’s favor as gaining permission or approval. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who will be kind to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 
 2:2	abc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו	1	The **eyes** are a metonym that represents seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. Alternate translation: “who will decide [to be kind to me]” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2:2	ed93			בִתִּֽ⁠י	1	Ruth was caring for Naomi as if she were her own mother, and Naomi addressed Ruth affectionately as her daughter. If this is confusing in your language, use the term that would indicate this kind of close relationship between two women in your language.
+2:2	ed93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	בִתִּֽ⁠י	1	Ruth was caring for Naomi as if she were her own mother, and Naomi addressed Ruth affectionately as her daughter. If it would be helpful in your language, use the term in your language that would indicate this kind of close relationship between two women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])
-2:3	ht73			וַ⁠יִּ֣קֶר מִקְרֶ֔⁠הָ	1	This means that Ruth was not aware that the field that she picked to glean in belonged to Naomi’s relative Boaz.
+2:3	ht73			וַ⁠יִּ֣קֶר מִקְרֶ֔⁠הָ	1	Alternate translation: "Being unaware of who owned the field, Ruth came to"\n
-2:3	ab11			מִ⁠מִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת אֱלִימֶֽלֶךְ	1	The use of the term **clan** here means that Boaz was related to Elimelek but did not have the same parents as Elimelek. The text is not saying that the clan was named after Elimelek or that Elimelek was the patriarch or leader of the clan.
+2:3	ab11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	מִ⁠מִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת אֱלִימֶֽלֶךְ	1	The use of the term **clan** here means that Boaz was related to Elimelek but did not have the same parents as Elimelek. The text is not saying that the clan was named after Elimelek or that Elimelek was the patriarch or leader of the clan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])
-2:4	vys2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	וְ⁠הִנֵּה	1	The word **behold** alerts us to the important event of Boaz arriving at the field and seeing Ruth for the first time. Your language may also have a specific way of alerting someone to pay careful attention to what happens next in the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
+2:4	vys2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠הִנֵּה	1	The writer is using the term **behold** to alert us to the important event of Boaz arriving at the field and seeing Ruth for the first time. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n
-2:4	q1lv			בָּ֚א מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם	1	The fields were an unspecified distance outside of Bethlehem.
+2:4	q1lv			בָּ֚א מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם	1	Alternate translation: "arriving from the town of Bethlehem"
-2:4	r4bl			יְבָרֶכְ⁠ךָ֥ יְהוָֽה	1	**May Yahweh do good things for you**. This is a general blessing.
+2:4	r4bl			יְבָרֶכְ⁠ךָ֥ יְהוָֽה	1	Alternate translation: "May Yahweh do good things for you" 
-2:5	a5ht			לְ⁠מִ֖י הַ⁠נַּעֲרָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּֽאת	1	In that culture, women were under the authority of their male relatives. Boaz was asking who Ruth’s husband or father might be. He did not think that Ruth was a slave.
+2:5	a5ht		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	לְ⁠מִ֖י הַ⁠נַּעֲרָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּֽאת	1	In that culture, women were under the authority of their male relatives. Boaz was asking whom Ruth’s husband or father might be. He did not think that Ruth was a slave. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]])
-2:5	ab16			לְ⁠נַעֲר֔⁠וֹ	1	This **servant** was a young man who worked for Boaz and who told the rest of Boaz’s workers what to do.
+2:5	sdf9			הַ⁠נִּצָּ֖ב עַל	1	Alternate translation: "who was in charge of" or "who was managing"
-2:5	sdf9			הַ⁠נִּצָּ֖ב עַל	1	**who was in charge of** or **who was managing**
+2:7	ab17		translate-unknown	אֲלַקֳטָה־נָּא֙	1	To **glean** meant to pick up grain or other produce that the workers dropped or missed as they were harvesting. This was part of the law that God gave to Moses, that the workers should not go back over the field for this produce, so that it would be left in the field for the poor or for foreign travelers to pick up. See verses such as Leviticus 19:10 and Deuteronomy 24:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-2:7	ab17			אֲלַקֳטָה־נָּא֙	1	To **glean** meant to pick up grain or other produce that the workers dropped or missed as they were harvesting. This was part of the law that God gave to Moses, that the workers should not go back over the field for this produce, so that it would be left in the field for the poor or for foreign travelers to pick up. See verses such as Leviticus 19:10 and Deuteronomy 24:21.
+2:7	kj7a		translate-unknown	הַ⁠בַּ֖יִת	1	Here, **the house** was a temporary shelter or garden hut in the field that provided shade from the sun where the workers could rest. Alternate translation: "in the hut" or "in the shed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-2:7	kj7a			הַ⁠בַּ֖יִת	1	**the hut** or **the shelter**. This was a temporary shelter or garden hut in the field that provided shade from the sun where the workers could rest.
+2:8	ltk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠ל֧וֹא שָׁמַ֣עַתְּ בִּתִּ֗⁠י	1	The writer is using the question form to draw Ruth's attention to what Boaz says to her. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Listen to me, my daughter!” or “Note well what I am telling you, my daughter!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-2:8	ltk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠ל֧וֹא שָׁמַ֣עַתְּ בִּתִּ֗⁠י	1	This can be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “Listen to me, my daughter!” or “Note well what I am telling you, my daughter!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+2:8	ke9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	בִּתִּ֗⁠י	1	Boaz' use of the term, **my daughter** was a kind way to address a younger woman. Ruth was not the actual daughter of Boaz, but he was treating her kindly and respectfully. Use the term that communicates this in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-2:8	ke9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	בִּתִּ֗⁠י	1	This was a kind way to address a younger woman. Ruth was not the actual daughter of Boaz, but he was treating her kindly and respectfully. Use the term that communicates this in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+2:9	jq6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	עֵינַ֜יִ⁠ךְ בַּ⁠שָּׂדֶ֤ה	1	Here, **eyes*  represents the capability of a person to see, watch or observe. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Watch only the field” or “Pay attention only to the field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2:9	jq6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	עֵינַ֜יִ⁠ךְ בַּ⁠שָּׂדֶ֤ה	1	The **eyes** are a metonym that represents seeing. Alternate translation: “Watch only the field” or “Pay attention only to the field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+2:9	xc6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠ל֥וֹא צִוִּ֛יתִי אֶת־הַ⁠נְּעָרִ֖ים לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֣י נָגְעֵ֑⁠ךְ	1	Boaz is using the question form to emphasize his hospitality—that he had already made provision to help Ruth.  If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I have given the men strict instructions not to harm you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-2:9	xc6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠ל֥וֹא צִוִּ֛יתִי אֶת־הַ⁠נְּעָרִ֖ים לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֣י נָגְעֵ֑⁠ךְ	1	Boaz used this question to emphasize his hospitality—that he had already made provision to help Ruth. Alternate translation: “I have given the men strict instructions not to harm you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+2:9	ub62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אֶת־הַ⁠נְּעָרִ֖ים	1	The writer assumes that his readers will understand the implications of a woman toiling in a field near young male workers. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the workers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n
-2:9	ub62			אֶת־הַ⁠נְּעָרִ֖ים	1	**young male workers** or **servants**. The words **young men** are used three times to refer to the young men who are harvesting in the field.
+2:9	v5e4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֣י נָגְעֵ֑⁠ךְ	1	The writer is referring to harm or sexual assault in a polite way by using the phrase **touch you**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “not to harm her or assault her sexually” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-2:9	v5e4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֣י נָגְעֵ֑⁠ךְ	1	This was a polite way of saying that the men were not to harm Ruth physically or assault her sexually, and possibly also that the men were not to stop her from gleaning in his field. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
+2:9	ahr7			מֵ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁאֲב֖וּ⁠ן הַ⁠נְּעָרִֽים	1	Alternate translation: "from water pulled up from the well by the workers"
-2:9	ahr7			מֵ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁאֲב֖וּ⁠ן הַ⁠נְּעָרִֽים	1	To draw water means to pull up water from a well or to take it out of a storage vessel.
+2:10	az6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	וַ⁠תִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔י⁠הָ וַ⁠תִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָ֑רְצָ⁠ה	1	Falling **on her face** and bowing **down to the ground** were symbolic acts of respect and reverence. She was showing honor to Boaz out of gratefulness for what he had done for her. It was also a posture of humility. \nIf this would not be clear to your readers, you can explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: "Then she prostrated herself before him" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-2:10	az6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	וַ⁠תִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔י⁠הָ וַ⁠תִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָ֑רְצָ⁠ה	1	These are acts of respect and reverence. She was showing honor to Boaz out of gratefulness for what he had done for her. It was also a posture of humility. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
+2:10	ab12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	וַ⁠תִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔י⁠הָ וַ⁠תִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָ֑רְצָ⁠ה	1	These are two descriptions of a single action. The writer may be using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternative translation: "Then she prostrated herself before him" (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-2:10	ab12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	וַ⁠תִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔י⁠הָ וַ⁠תִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָ֑רְצָ⁠ה	1	These are two descriptions of a single action. If this is confusing in your language, use only one description, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+2:10	ab13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וַ⁠תִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔י⁠הָ	1	The idiom **fell on her face** means that she bowed low with her face to the ground. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-2:10	ab13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וַ⁠תִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔י⁠הָ	1	This is an idiom that means that she bowed low with her face to the ground. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+2:10	ug7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	מַדּוּעַ֩ מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּ⁠עֵינֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ לְ⁠הַכִּירֵ֔⁠נִי וְ⁠אָּנֹכִ֖י נָכְרִיָּֽה	1	Using a question form, here Ruth explicitly states the reason why she is surprised by Boaz’s kindness. It is a contrast from her expectations. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. In some languages you may need to make part of her question a statement. Alternate translation: “Why have I found favor in your eyes? Israelites never show Moabites this sort of kindness.” or "People never show foreigners this sort of kindness."\n\n
-2:10	ug7p			מַדּוּעַ֩ מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּ⁠עֵינֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ לְ⁠הַכִּירֵ֔⁠נִי וְ⁠אָּנֹכִ֖י נָכְרִיָּֽה	1	Ruth is asking a real question.
+2:10	abc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּ⁠עֵינֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙	1	The phrase **found favor in your eyes** is an idiom which means that you have approved of someone. Ruth speaks of gaining someone’s favor as gaining their kindness or approval. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have been kind to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])\n
-2:10	abc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּ⁠עֵינֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙	1	The phrase **found favor in your eyes** is an idiom which means “you have approved of” someone. Ruth speaks of gaining someone’s favor as gaining their kindness or approval. Alternate translation: “you have been kind to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+2:10	abc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	בְּ⁠עֵינֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙	1	Naomi uses the phrase **in your eyes** to mean "in the judgment of Boaz." Alternate translation: “in your judgment” or “that you decided” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-2:10	abc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בְּ⁠עֵינֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙	1	The **eyes** are a metonym that represents seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” or “that you decided” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2:10	x6f8			נָכְרִיָּֽה	1	A **foreigner** is someone from another country. Even though Ruth had pledged her loyalty to the God of Israel in private, everyone knew that she was from Moab, not Israel. Often Israelites were not kind to foreigners, even though God wanted them to be kind to them. This shows that Boaz was living to please God.
 2:11	ab14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	וַ⁠יַּ֤עַן בֹּ֨עַז֙ וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר	1	Both **answered** and **said** describe the same action. If this is confusing in your language, you may want to use only one verb for this, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 2:11	app6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֜ד לִ֗⁠י	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: **People have reported to me** or **People have told me** (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ front:intro	f68r				0	# Introduction to Ruth\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
 2:12	eh86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖את לַ⁠חֲס֥וֹת תַּֽחַת־כְּנָפָֽי⁠ו	1	This is a metaphor that uses the picture of a mother bird gathering her chicks under her wings to protect them as a way to describe God’s protection for those who trust in him. Alternate translation: “in whose safe care you have placed yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2:13	abc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	אֶמְצָא־חֵ֨ן	1	Here **find favor** is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Alternate translation: “May you continue to approve of me” or “May you continue to be pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 2:13	v2q1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בְּ⁠עֵינֶ֤י⁠ךָ	1	The **eyes** are a metonym that represents seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. Alternate translation: “and accept me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2:13	abc4			אֲדֹנִ⁠י֙	1	Boaz is not Ruth’s master, but he is the owner of the field where she is gleaning. He is also a Jew and a prominent man in the city. Therefore, Ruth is honoring him by calling him her **lord**, and speaking of herself as his servant. Alternate translation: “Sir” or “master”
+2:13	abc4			אֲדֹנִ⁠י֙	1	Ruth speaks to Boaz using a respectful title, **my lord**.  Use a form for addressing someone respectfully in your language. Boaz is not Ruth’s master, but he is the owner of the field where she is gleaning. He is also a Jew and a prominent man in the city. Therefore, Ruth is honoring him by calling him her **lord**, and speaking of herself as his servant. Alternate translation: “sir” or “master” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness]])
 2:13	zc5n			וְ⁠אָנֹכִי֙ לֹ֣א אֶֽהְיֶ֔ה כְּ⁠אַחַ֖ת שִׁפְחֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	Ruth is expressing surprise and gratitude that Boaz is treating her as if she belongs among his workers, when she does not.
 2:14	yht2			לְ⁠עֵ֣ת הָ⁠אֹ֗כֶל	1	This refers to the midday meal.
 2:14	p256			וְ⁠טָבַ֥לְתְּ פִּתֵּ֖⁠ךְ בַּ⁠חֹ֑מֶץ	1	This was a simple meal eaten in the field. People would sit on the ground around a cloth that had a bowl of wine vinegar on it and pieces of broken bread. They would take a piece of bread and dip it in the wine vinegar to add flavor before they ate it.