diff --git a/tn_MRK.tsv b/tn_MRK.tsv index 76da2005b4..982f37b0a7 100644 --- a/tn_MRK.tsv +++ b/tn_MRK.tsv @@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 5:43 wcr2 μηδεὶς γνοῖ τοῦτο 1 Alternate translation: “they should let no one know about this” 5:43 n29k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations εἶπεν δοθῆναι αὐτῇ φαγεῖν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “he said, ‘Something should be given to her to eat’” 5:43 j8ro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δοθῆναι αὐτῇ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that would be the girl’s parents. Alternate translation: “her parents should give her something” -6:intro kl7n 0 # Mark 6 General Notes\n\nMatthew: 14\nLuke: 4, 9\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. The ministry of Jesus in Galilee (1:14–8:26)\n * Moving away from Galilee and then returning (6:1–8:26)\n * Jesus teaches in his hometown (6:1–6)\n * Jesus sends out the Twelve (6:7–13)\n * Herod hears about Jesus (6:14–16)\n * Flashback: Herod executes John the Baptist (6:17–29)\n * Jesus feeds 5,000 men (6:30–44)\n * Jesus walks on water (6:45–52)\n * Jesus heals people in the region of Gennesaret (6:53–56)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Jesus’ instructions on how to travel\n\nJesus instructs the disciples not to bring money, food, or extra clothing with them when they travel and preach the good news. Instead, he wants the disciples to rely on the hospitality of people they visit. Make sure that your translation indicates that the disciples should not pack money, food, or extra clothing because they will be staying with people who welcome and provide for them.\n\n### Herod and Herodias\n\nThe man named “King Herod” ([6:14](../06/14.md)) ruled over the area to the northwest of the Sea of Galilee, which is where Jesus spent much of his ministry. Herodias was married to Herod’s brother Philip, and the two of them had a daughter. However, Herodias divorced Philip and married Herod, who had also divorced his previous wife. Since the Jewish law condemned anyone who married his brother’s wife while his brother was still alive (see [Leviticus 20:21](../lev/20/21.md)), John the Baptist rebuked Herod for doing this. It was in response to this rebuke that Herod had John the Baptist put in prison and eventually executed. Make sure that your translation accurately refers to the relationships between Herod, Herodias, and Herodias’ daughter.\n\n### The miracle of multiplying food\n\nIn [6:30–44](../06/30.md), Mark tells a story in which Jesus provides 5,000 men with food. They were in a place where no people lived, and all the food that Jesus and his disciples had were five loaves of bread and two fish. Despite that, Jesus used the five loaves of bread and the two fish to feed everyone who was there. Mark does not tell us exactly how Jesus did this, but he does say that there were more leftovers than what they started with. Your translation should not explain how Jesus multiplied the food, but it should be clear that he did a miracle.\n\n### The miracle of walking on water\n\nIn [6:45–52](../06/45.md), Mark tells a story in which Jesus walks on top of the Sea of Galilee, even though there was a storm. When Jesus climbs into the boat that the disciples were in, the storm miraculously stops. Your translation should not explain exactly how Jesus walked on the water, but it should be clear that Jesus walking on the water and the storm stopping were both miracles.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### The flashback to John’s death\n\nIn this chapter, Mark includes a story that happened before the stories that appear before and after it in his narrative. Previously, Mark narrates how Jesus sent out the Twelve ([6:7–13](../06/07.md)). Then, he describes how people, and especially Herod Antipas, respond to Jesus (see [6:14–16](../06/14.md)). Then, to explain how Herod responded to Jesus, Mark includes a story that happened earlier. This type of storytelling is called a flashback. Here, the flashback tells about how John the Baptist died (see [6:17–29](../06/17.md)). In [6:30](../06/30.md), Mark returns to the main narrative and tells what happened after the events recorded in [6:7–13](../06/07.md). Make sure that you use a form that shows your readers that [6:17–29](../06/17.md) is a flashback that describes something that happened previously, and [6:30](../06/30.md) continues with the main narrative. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear when Jesus is talking to his disciples. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 1, 7, 30, 31, 37, 38, 45, 48, and 50. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) +6:intro kl7n 0 # Mark 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. The ministry of Jesus in Galilee (1:14–8:26)\n * Moving away from Galilee and then returning (6:1–8:26)\n * Jesus teaches in his hometown (6:1–6)\n * Jesus sends out the Twelve (6:7–13)\n * Herod hears about Jesus (6:14–16)\n * Flashback: Herod executes John the Baptist (6:17–29)\n * Jesus feeds 5,000 men (6:30–44)\n * Jesus walks on water (6:45–52)\n * Jesus heals people in the region of Gennesaret (6:53–56)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Jesus’ instructions on how to travel\n\nJesus instructs the disciples not to bring money, food, or extra clothing with them when they travel and preach the good news. Instead, he wants the disciples to rely on the hospitality of people they visit. Make sure that your translation indicates that the disciples should not pack money, food, or extra clothing because they will be staying with people who welcome and provide for them.\n\n### Herod and Herodias\n\nThe man named “King Herod” ([6:14](../06/14.md)) ruled over the area to the northwest of the Sea of Galilee, which is where Jesus spent much of his ministry. Herodias was married to Herod’s brother Philip, and the two of them had a daughter. However, Herodias divorced Philip and married Herod, who had also divorced his previous wife. Since the Jewish law condemned anyone who married his brother’s wife while his brother was still alive (see [Leviticus 20:21](../lev/20/21.md)), John the Baptist rebuked Herod for doing this. It was in response to this rebuke that Herod had John the Baptist put in prison and eventually executed. Make sure that your translation accurately refers to the relationships between Herod, Herodias, and Herodias’ daughter.\n\n### The miracle of multiplying food\n\nIn [6:30–44](../06/30.md), Mark tells a story in which Jesus provides 5,000 men with food. They were in a place where no people lived, and all the food that Jesus and his disciples had were five loaves of bread and two fish. Despite that, Jesus used the five loaves of bread and the two fish to feed everyone who was there. Mark does not tell us exactly how Jesus did this, but he does say that there were more leftovers than what they started with. Your translation should not explain how Jesus multiplied the food, but it should be clear that he did a miracle.\n\n### The miracle of walking on water\n\nIn [6:45–52](../06/45.md), Mark tells a story in which Jesus walks on top of the Sea of Galilee, even though there was a storm. When Jesus climbs into the boat that the disciples were in, the storm miraculously stops. Your translation should not explain exactly how Jesus walked on the water, but it should be clear that Jesus walking on the water and the storm stopping were both miracles.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### The flashback to John’s death\n\nIn this chapter, Mark includes a story that happened before the stories that appear before and after it in his narrative. Previously, Mark narrates how Jesus sent out the Twelve ([6:7–13](../06/07.md)). Then, he describes how people, and especially Herod Antipas, respond to Jesus (see [6:14–16](../06/14.md)). Then, to explain how Herod responded to Jesus, Mark includes a story that happened earlier. This type of storytelling is called a flashback. Here, the flashback tells about how John the Baptist died (see [6:17–29](../06/17.md)). In [6:30](../06/30.md), Mark returns to the main narrative and tells what happened after the events recorded in [6:7–13](../06/07.md). Make sure that you use a form that shows your readers that [6:17–29](../06/17.md) is a flashback that describes something that happened previously, and [6:30](../06/30.md) continues with the main narrative. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear when Jesus is talking to his disciples. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 1, 7, 30, 31, 37, 38, 45, 48, and 50. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense]]) 6:1 mi7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Later,” or “Then” 6:1 lpci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξῆλθεν & ἔρχεται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went** or “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “he came out … goes” 6:1 jcu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκεῖθεν 1 Here, the word **there** refers to the house of Jairus, the synagogue ruler. His house was in the town of Capernaum. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from Jairus’ house” or “from Capernaum” @@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 6:4 mgbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus uses the phrase **in his house** to refer to his closest relatives, like his father, mother, or siblings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “among his closest family members” or “among his father, mother, or siblings” 6:5 qajx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions οὐκ ἐδύνατο ἐκεῖ ποιῆσαι οὐδεμίαν δύναμιν, εἰ μὴ ὀλίγοις ἀρρώστοις, ἐπιθεὶς τὰς χεῖρας, ἐθεράπευσεν 1 If, in your language, it would appear that Mark was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “the only miracles he was able to do there were healing some sick people, having laid his hands on them” 6:5 ystk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἐδύνατο ἐκεῖ ποιῆσαι οὐδεμίαν δύναμιν 1 The words translated **not** and **any** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “he was able to do not even one miracle there” -6:6-7 swqh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure καὶ ἐθαύμασεν διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν.\nκαὶ περιῆγεν τὰς κώμας, κύκλῳ διδάσκων & καὶ προσκαλεῖται τοὺς δώδεκα, καὶ ἤρξατο αὐτοὺς ἀποστέλλειν δύο δύο, καὶ ἐδίδου αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν ἀκαθάρτων 1 Here, the clause **he was going around the villages teaching** could be: (1) the end of the story about Jesus visiting his hometown. Alternate translation: “And he was amazed because of their unbelief, and he was going around the villages in a circle teaching. And he calls the Twelve and began to send them out two by two, and he was giving them authority over the unclean spirits” (2) the beginning of the story about how Jesus sent out the twelve disciples. Alternate translation: “And he was amazed because of their unbelief. And he was going around the villages in a circle teaching, and he calls the Twelve and began to send them out two by two, and he was giving them authority over the unclean spirits” +6:6-7 swqh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure καὶ ἐθαύμασεν διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν. καὶ περιῆγεν τὰς κώμας, κύκλῳ διδάσκων & καὶ προσκαλεῖται τοὺς δώδεκα, καὶ ἤρξατο αὐτοὺς ἀποστέλλειν δύο δύο, καὶ ἐδίδου αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν ἀκαθάρτων 1 Here, the clause **he was going around the villages teaching** could be: (1) the end of the story about Jesus visiting his hometown. Alternate translation: “And he was amazed because of their unbelief, and he was going around the villages in a circle teaching. And he calls the Twelve and began to send them out two by two, and he was giving them authority over the unclean spirits” (2) the beginning of the story about how Jesus sent out the twelve disciples. Alternate translation: “And he was amazed because of their unbelief. And he was going around the villages in a circle teaching, and he calls the Twelve and began to send them out two by two, and he was giving them authority over the unclean spirits” 6:6 e1bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐθαύμασεν διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was **their unbelief**. Alternate translation: “their unbelief amazed him”\n 6:6 j8mo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **unbelief**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because they did not believe” 6:6 h8f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰς κώμας 1 Here Mark is referring to **the villages** in a specific area. He probably means the area near Nazareth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that these villages are in a specific region. Alternate translation: “the villages of that region” @@ -1115,52 +1115,203 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 6:56 gsdd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κἂν & ἅψωνται 1 Here, the word **even** indicates that these people think that, to be healed, they do not need to do anything more than touch Jesus’ garment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all they might do is touch” or “they could only touch” 6:56 zo6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὅσοι ἂν ἥψαντο αὐτοῦ ἐσῴζοντο 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could indicate that was God or Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “God was healing as many as touched it” or “Jesus was healing as many as touched it” 6:56 cir0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῦ 2 Here, the word translated **it** could: (1) refer to a thing, in this case **the edge** of Jesus’ garment. Alternate translation: “the edge of his garment” (2) refer to a person, in this case Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “him” -7:intro vq1j 0 # Mark 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:6–7, which are words quoted from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Hand washing\n\nThe Pharisees washed many things that were not dirty, because they were trying to make God think that they were good. They washed their hands before they ate, even when their hands were not dirty. and even though the law of Moses did not say that they had to do it. Jesus told them that they were wrong and that people please God by trusting and obeying him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### “Ephphatha”\n\nThis is an Aramaic word. Mark wrote it the way it sounds using Greek letters and then explained what it means. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 1, 18, 32, 34. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -7:1 b9ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ συνάγονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καί τινες τῶν γραμματέων, ἐλθόντες ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων 1 This verse introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. -7:2 wd6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo 0 # General Information:\n\nThe following verses explain the significance of this verse. Since it is explained in the following verses, you do not need to explain its meaning here. -7:3 mj6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background γὰρ 1 This verse and the next verse are added to explain why the Jewish leaders did not approve of what Jesus’ disciples were doing. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “They were appalled because” -7:3 x0b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κρατοῦντες τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 The **tradition of the elders** consisted of teachings that were handed down from generation to generation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “observing strictly the teachings which past generations had taught them” -7:4 d3qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ποτηρίων καὶ ξεστῶν καὶ χαλκίων 1 The **cups, and pots, and copper vessels** would have been used for consuming food and drinks. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “cups, pots, and copper vessels for eating and drinking” -7:5 hts4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor διὰ τί οὐ περιπατοῦσιν οἱ μαθηταί σου κατὰ τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 The phrase **walk according to** is way of saying “obey.” If your readers would not understand what **walk** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Why do your disciples not obey what the elders have taught us” -7:5 ugom rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Here, **but** is used here to contrast what the Pharisees thought Jesus’ disciples should be doing with what they were actually doing. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. -7:5 j7ht rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἄρτον 1 Here, **bread** represents food in general. Alternate translation: “food” -7:6 oavh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, ὅτι καλῶς ἐπροφήτευσεν Ἠσαΐας περὶ ὑμῶν τῶν ὑποκριτῶν, ὡς γέγραπται, ὅτι οὗτος ὁ λαὸς τοῖς χείλεσίν με τιμᾷ, ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Jesus said to them, ‘Isaiah prophesied well about you hypocrites when God wrote through him that people honor him with their lips, but their desires are for other things’” -7:6 ep7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τοῖς χείλεσίν 1 Here, **lips** is used to signify speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “by what they say” -7:6 zgt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ & καρδία αὐτῶν 1 The word **heart** means inner thoughts and desires. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “their desire” -7:6 xtab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 The expression **their heart is far away from me** is a way that God is saying that the people are not truly devoted to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “but they do not really love me” or “but they are not truly devoted to me” or “but they are not really committed to honoring me” -7:8 hnw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor κρατεῖτε 1 Here, to **hold fast to** something means to adhere to something consistently. If your readers would not understand what **hold fast** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “you cling to” -7:9 e3qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony καλῶς ἀθετεῖτε τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν τηρήσητε 1 Jesus says **You do well at rejecting the commandment of God so that you may keep your tradition** to rebuke his listeners for forsaking God’s **commandment**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You think you have done well by rejecting the commandment of God so that you may keep your own traditions, but what you have done is not good at all” -7:10 d4sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Μωϋσῆς γὰρ εἶπεν, τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα σου; καί, ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα θανάτῳ τελευτάτω 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For Moses said to honor your father and mother. He also said that the person who speaks evil against his father or mother deserves to die” -7:11 cd57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate κορβᾶν 1 **Corban** is a Hebrew word that refers to things that people promise to give to God. Translators normally transliterate it, using the target language alphabet. Some translators translate its meaning and then leave out Mark’s explanation of the meaning that follows. In your translation you can spell it the way it sounds in your language and then explain its meaning. -7:11 ev2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background ὅ ἐστιν δῶρον 1 The author says **that is, a gift** to provide background information to his audience, who may not have understood this word. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “meaning ‘a gift’” -7:14 u3nk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἀκούσατέ μου πάντες καὶ σύνετε 1 The words **Listen** and **understand** are related. Jesus uses them together to emphasize that his hearers should pay close attention to what he is saying. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you can use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “All of you, take heed to what I am about to say to you” -7:15 gk5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐδέν & ἔξωθεν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου 1 Jesus is speaking about what a person eats. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “nothing which a person can eat” -7:15 ms5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκπορευόμενά 1 By using the phrase **the things that come out from the man**, Jesus is speaking about the thoughts and desires of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the things which a person thinks and does” -7:17 l7d7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory καὶ ὅτε 1 Here, the phrase **And when** is being used as a comment about what happened after the story as a result of the events within the story itself. Use the natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a story. -7:18 z8w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀσύνετοί ἐστε? 1 Jesus uses this question to express his disappointment that they do not understand. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “After all I have said and done, I am amazed that you still do not understand!” -7:18 yqve rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy πᾶν τὸ ἔξωθεν εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, οὐ δύναται αὐτὸν κοινῶσαι 1 See the note in [7:15](../07/15.md) regarding the similar expression. -7:19 y2cr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οὐκ εἰσπορεύεται αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν καρδίαν 1 Here, **heart** means a person’s inner being or mind. Here, Jesus means that food does not affect a person’s character. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “it cannot go into his inner being” or “it cannot go into his mind” -7:19 hm98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background καθαρίζων πάντα τὰ βρώματα 1 The phrase **making all foods clean** explains to the reader the significance of Jesus’ saying. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. -7:20 r12p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκπορευόμενον, ἐκεῖνο κοινοῖ 1 **What is coming out from the man** means the thoughts and intentions of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “It is what a person thinks and desires that defiles” -7:21 chkk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ τῆς καρδίας τῶν ἀνθρώπων οἱ διαλογισμοὶ οἱ κακοὶ ἐκπορεύονται 1 Here, **heart** refers to a person’s inner being or mind. Alternate translation: “out of the inner being of a person come evil thoughts” or “out of the mind of a person come evil thoughts” -7:21 eey1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litany πορνεῖαι, κλοπαί, φόνοι 1 Mark lists out a number of sins here and in the next verse. Use a natural form in your language that someone would use to list things that someone has done wrong. -7:24 k9bl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background καὶ εἰσελθὼν εἰς οἰκίαν, οὐδένα ἤθελεν γνῶναι, καὶ οὐκ ἠδυνάσθη λαθεῖν 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe phrase **and having entered into a house, he was wanting no one to know {it}, but he was not able to hide** provides background information to what Jesus was thinking as he traveled to this area. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Having entered someone’s house, he was hoping he would not be found, but he was unable to hide from the people of that place” -7:26 aik7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ἦν Ἑλληνίς, Συροφοινίκισσα τῷ γένει 1 This sentence gives us background information about **the woman**. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. -7:26 e39y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Συροφοινίκισσα 1 The phrase **a Syrophoenician** explains the woman’s nationality. She was born in the Phoenician region in Syria. -7:27 gsj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἄφες πρῶτον χορτασθῆναι τὰ τέκνα; οὐ γάρ ἐστιν καλόν λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων, καὶ τοῖς κυναρίοις βαλεῖν 1 Here, Jesus speaks about the Jews as if they are **children** and the Gentiles as if they are **little dogs**. This is not meant as a derogatory remark, but he is talking in terms of whether they are Israelites or not. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let the children of Israel first eat, for it is not right to take the children’s bread and throw it to the Gentiles, who are like household pets compared to them” -7:27 r898 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἄφες πρῶτον χορτασθῆναι τὰ τέκνα 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We must first feed the children of Israel” -7:27 k2wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἄρτον 1 Here, **bread** refers to food in general. -7:29 sa9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὕπαγε 1 Jesus was implying that the woman no longer needed to stay to ask him to help her daughter. He would do it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify this. Alternate translation: “you may go now” or “you may go home in peace” -7:29 sbqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξελήλυθεν τὸ δαιμόνιον, ἐκ τῆς θυγατρός σου 1 **The demon** left the **daughter** because Jesus commanded it to do so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “I have commanded the demon to leave your daughter” -7:31 cxa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Δεκαπόλεως 1 This word, **Decapolis**, is the name of a region that means Ten Cities. It is located to the southeast of the Sea of Galilee. See how you translated this in [Mark 5:20](../05/20.md). -7:32 jlj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit παρακαλοῦσιν αὐτὸν ἵνα ἐπιθῇ αὐτῷ τὴν χεῖρα 1 Prophets and teachers would put place their **hand on** a person in order to heal them or bless them. In this case, people plead with Jesus to heal a man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “they begged Jesus to put his hand on the man to heal him” -7:33 ld3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πτύσας 1 Here, Jesus **spit** on his fingers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “after spitting on his fingers” -7:34 lbw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ἐφφαθά 1 **Ephphatha** is an Aramaic word. Mark spelled it using Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded, and then he told what it meant, “**Be opened**”. In your translation you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and then explain its meaning. -7:35 yg15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠνοίγησαν αὐτοῦ αἱ ἀκοαί 1 The phrase **his ears were opened** means that the man was enabled to hear. Alternate translation: “Jesus opened his ears, and he was able to hear” or “he was able to hear” -7:35 yj4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐλύθη ὁ δεσμὸς τῆς γλώσσης αὐτοῦ 1 The phrase **his tongue was released** is passive in form. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus took away what prevented his tongue from speaking” or “Jesus loosened his tongue” -7:35 gssm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐλύθη ὁ δεσμὸς τῆς γλώσσης αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **the band of his tongue was released** means he became able to speak. Alternate translation: “his tongue was freed and he was able to speak” or “he was able to speak” -7:36 eb2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ὅσον & αὐτοῖς διεστέλλετο, αὐτοὶ 1 This refers to Jesus ordering them not to tell anyone about what he had done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “the more he ordered them not to tell anyone” -7:37 dh17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τοὺς κωφοὺς & ἀλάλους 1 The phrase **the deaf** and the phrase **the mute** both refer to groups of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “deaf people … mute people” or “people who cannot hear … people who cannot speak” +7:intro vq1j 0 # Mark 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. The ministry of Jesus in Galilee (1:14–8:26)\n * Moving away from Galilee and then returning (6:1–8:26)\n * Argument with the Pharisees and scribes about washing hands (7:1–13)\n * Jesus teaches about what defiles people (7:14–23)\n * Jesus meets a Canaanite woman (7:24–30)\n * Jesus heals a man who is deaf and can barely speak (7:31–37)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [7:6–7](../07/06.md), which is a quote from [Isaiah 29:13](../isa/29/13.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The “tradition of the elders”\n\nThe “tradition of the elders” included interpretations of Moses’ law that Jewish religious leaders had developed and passed down to their disciples, and they to their disciples. These interpretations explained what specific laws meant and how to obey them. Jesus rebuked the religious leaders for specific interpretations of the law that he disagreed with. In this chapter, Jesus and the Pharisees argue about washing hands, honoring parents, and giving gifts to God. When you translate the phrase “tradition of the elders,” use a form that refers to teachings that teachers pass down to their students. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/tradition]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/elder]])\n\n### Washing hands before eating\n\nIn [7:5](../07/05.md), the scribes and Pharisees rebuke Jesus for failing to have his disciples wash their hands before eating. One of the traditions that the Pharisees followed was a requirement that people wash their hands before eating. They did this to make their hands ceremonially clean, not primarily to clean off dirt. Make sure that your translation indicates that Jesus and the Pharisees are debating about ceremonial or ritual washing, not washing off dirt.\n\n### The gift for God\n\nIn [7:10–13](../07/10.md), Jesus rebukes the Pharisees for allowing people to promise to give something to God instead of using it to help their parents. Jesus is not saying that giving things to God is wrong. Instead, he is saying that honoring one’s parents is one of the most important commandments that God gave, and no tradition should prevent people from honoring their parents. Make sure that this meaning is clear in your translation.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Things that go in and out of people\n\nIn [7:14–23](../07/14.md), Jesus speaks about things that are outside people and that go into them, and he speaks about things that are inside people and come out of them. When he speaks about things that are outside people and go into them, he is referring more specifically to food and drink. He teaches that these these things do not make people unclean. When he speaks about things that are inside people and go out of them, he is referring more specifically to people’s thoughts and desires that lead to actions. He teaches that these things do make people unclean. Since Jesus explains what he means when he refers to things going in and out of people, if possible preserve the movement and location language.\n\n### Feeding little dogs\n\nIn [7:27](../07/27.md), Jesus tells the Canaanite woman that it is not right to give food that is meant for children to little dogs. In [7:28](../07/28.md), the woman responds that little dogs eat the little bits of food that fall down from what the children are eating. The children represent Jews, and the little dogs represent non-Jews. The food represents things that Jesus does for people. What Jesus means is that he is supposed to do things for Jews first, before he does things for non-Jews. What the woman means is that what she is asking Jesus to do is unimportant enough that he can do it without taking away from what he does for Jews. If possible, do not directly express the meaning of what Jesus and the woman say about little dogs, but make sure that your translation can naturally imply this meaning.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Verse 16\n\nSome of the earliest manuscripts do not include anything for [7:16](../07/16.md). Some early manuscripts and many later manuscripts include the following words: “If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear.” Since the earliest manuscripts do not include these words, the ULT and UST include these words in brackets. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to omit these words. If it would be helpful, you could put the words in brackets or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear when Jesus is talking to groups of people. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 1, 5, 18, 28, 32, and 34. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense]]) +7:1-2 wd6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure καὶ συνάγονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καί τινες τῶν γραμματέων, ἐλθόντες ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων & καὶ ἰδόντες τινὰς τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ὅτι κοιναῖς χερσίν, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν ἀνίπτοις, ἐσθίουσιν τοὺς ἄρτους 1 Here, verse 2 could: (1) begin a sentence that continues in verse 5, after being interrupted by explanatory information in verses 3–4. See the ULT. (2) end the sentence that began in verse 1. In this case, the explanatory information in verses 3–4 stands by itself, and a new sentence begins in verse 5. If you use the following alternate translation, you will need to delete the dash at the end of verse 4 and start a new sentence at the beginning of verse 5. Alternate translation: “And the Pharisees and some of the scribes are being gathered to him, having come from Jerusalem and having seen some of his disciples, that they eat bread with defiled hands, that is, unwashed.” (3) be a sentence fragment that stands by itself, with the implication being that the Pharisees disapproved of what they saw. In this case, the explanatory information in verses 3–4 stands by itself, and a new sentence begins in verse 5. If you use the following alternate translation, you will need to delete the dash at the end of verse 4 and start a new sentence at the beginning of verse 5. Alternate translation: “And the Pharisees and some of the scribes, having come from Jerusalem, are being gathered to him. And having seen some of his disciples, that they eat bread with defiled hands, that is, unwashed, they disapproved of that.” +7:1 b9ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave And untranslated. Alternate translation: “Sometime later,” +7:1 e2ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit συνάγονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καί τινες τῶν γραμματέων, ἐλθόντες ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων 1 Here Mark could be implying that: (1) both **the Pharisees** and **the scribes** came **from Jerusalem**. Alternate translation: “having come from Jerusalem, the Pharisees and some of the scribes are being gathered to him” (2) only **the scribes** came **from Jerusalem**. Alternate translation: “the Pharisees and some of the scribes who came from Jerusalem are being gathered to him” +7:1 j32n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” +7:1 ye06 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συνάγονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “are gathering” or “are coming together” +7:1 hpxv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense συνάγονται 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “were being gathered” +7:2 ea9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo ἰδόντες τινὰς τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ὅτι & ἐσθίουσιν 1 Here, the phrase **that they eat** refers directly back to the phrase **some of his disciples**. Mark expresses the idea in this way to introduce whom the Pharisees and scribes saw and then explain what they saw them doing. If referring to who were seen and then referring back to them with the phrase **that they eat** would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “having seen some of his disciples eating” +7:2 ldyw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ἐσθίουσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “they ate” +7:2 a7xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐσθίουσιν τοὺς ἄρτους 1 The Pharisees and scribes are using **bread** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they eat their meals” +7:2 tmyd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κοιναῖς χερσίν, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν ἀνίπτοις 1 Here Mark explains that **defiled hands** are hands that are **unwashed**. Consider how you might include an explanation like this. Alternate translation: “with unwashed hands, which are defiled” or “with defiled—that is to say, unwashed—hands” +7:3 mj6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background γὰρ 1 Here Mark introduces background information that will help readers understand why the Pharisees and scribes are interested in whether Jesus’ disciples wash their hands. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “that was important to them because” or “now you should know that” +7:3 bj69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ & Φαρισαῖοι καὶ πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι 1 Here Mark mentions **the Pharisees** separately because they follow this **tradition** particularly strictly. He does not mean that **the Pharisees** are not **Jews**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the Pharisees and all the rest of the Jews” or “especially the Pharisees, but also all the Jews,” +7:3 dvgu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι 1 Mark says **all** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “most of the Jews” or “very many Jews” +7:3 q9xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions ἐὰν μὴ πυγμῇ νίψωνται τὰς χεῖρας οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν 1 If, in your language, it would appear that Mark was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “only eat if they have washed their hands with a fist” +7:3 hz8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πυγμῇ 1 Here, the phrase **with a fist** refers to a specific way of washing one’s hands. It could refer to the position of the hands during washing, how much of the hands were washed, or how much water was used. Since scholars are not sure exactly what the phrase indicates, you could use a general term that indicates that this was a special washing for ceremonial or ritual purposes. Alternate translation: “ceremonially” or “in the proper way” +7:3 x0b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 Here, the Pharisees and scribes are using the possessive form to describe a **tradition** that came from **the elders**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the tradition given to us by the elders” or “the tradition handed down to us by the elders” +7:3 lj2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **tradition**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what the elders taught them” +7:3 ij02 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 Here, the word **elders** refers to respected ancestors whose teaching is trusted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the ancestral teachers” or “of our respected forefathers” +7:4 jspb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπ’ ἀγορᾶς ἐὰν μὴ βαπτίσωνται οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν 1 Here Mark could be indicating that the Pharisees and other Jews: (1) **do not eat** anything unless they **baptize** themselves when they return home **from the marketplace**. Alternate translation: “returning from the marketplace, they do not eat unless they baptize themselves” (2) **do not eat** what they brought home **from the marketplace** unless they **baptize** it first. Alternate translation: “they do not eat anything from the marketplace unless they baptize it” +7:4 zieq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀγορᾶς 1 See how you translated **marketplace** in [6:56](../06/56.md). Alternate translation: “a town square” or “a park” +7:4 guwy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions ἐὰν μὴ βαπτίσωνται οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν 1 If, in your language, it would appear that Mark was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “they only eat if they have baptized” +7:4 sdg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἄλλα πολλά ἐστιν ἃ παρέλαβον κρατεῖν 1 Here Mark is referring to **many other** traditions that the Pharisees and other Jews **received** from the elders and **hold to**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “there are many other traditions that they received from the elders and that they hold to” +7:4 d3qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ποτηρίων καὶ ξεστῶν καὶ χαλκίων 1 The terms **cups**, **pitchers**, and **copper vessels** all refer to containers that people would use for making, serving, and storing food. Mark is using the three terms together to refer to many different kinds of containers like these. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could refer to many different kinds of containers by using only one or two terms. Alternate translation: “of various dishes” or “of pots and pans” +7:4 qhd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ξεστῶν 1 A **pitcher** is a container for holding liquids. This specific type of container could hold about half a liter, or about one pint. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of container, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “jugs” +7:4 x44f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown χαλκίων 1 Here, the word translated as **copper vessels** refers to any household container made out of **copper** or copper alloys such as brass or bronze. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of container, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “metal serving dishes” or “bronze pots” +7:4 wa3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants χαλκίων 1 Some ancient manuscripts do not include any other items after the **copper vessels**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts add the phrase “and beds” after the words **copper vessels**. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. +7:5 tn2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure καὶ ἐπερωτῶσιν αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς 1 Make sure that your translation fits with how you chose to express the relationship between this verse, the explanatory information in verses 3–4, and the statement in verse 2. See the note at the beginning of this chapter on verses 1–2. +7:5 a67u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ἐπερωτῶσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “asked” +7:5 et51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion διὰ τί οὐ περιπατοῦσιν οἱ μαθηταί σου κατὰ τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, ἀλλὰ κοιναῖς χερσὶν ἐσθίουσιν τὸν ἄρτον? 1 The Pharisees and the scribes are using the question form to rebuke Jesus for what his disciples are doing. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your disciples should walk according to the tradition of the elders, and they should not eat bread with unwashed hands.” or “We are shocked that your disciples do not walk according to the tradition of the elders, instead eating bread with unwashed hands!” +7:5 hts4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὐ περιπατοῦσιν οἱ μαθηταί σου κατὰ τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 Here the Pharisees and the scribes speak of behavior in life as if it were walking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do your disciples not behave according to the tradition of the elders” or “do your disciples not live according to the tradition of the elders” +7:5 wtli rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σου 1 Because the Pharisees and the scribes are talking to Jesus, the word **your** is singular. +7:5 g2ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 See how you translated this phrase in [7:3](../07/03.md). Alternate translation: “the tradition given to us by the ancestral teachers” or “what the respected forefathers taught us” +7:5 ugom rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Here, the word **but** introduces what the disciples actually did in contrast with what the Pharisees and the scribes thought that they should have done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave but untranslated. Alternate translation: “but instead” +7:5 j7ht rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐσθίουσιν τὸν ἄρτον 1 The Pharisees and scribes are using **bread** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they eat their meals” +7:6 ae1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +7:6 bf9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καλῶς 1 Here, the word **well** indicates that what **Isaiah prophesied** accurately describes the scribes and the Pharisees. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “accurately” or “truly” +7:6-7 oavh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ὡς γέγραπται, ὅτι οὗτος ὁ λαὸς τοῖς χείλεσίν με τιμᾷ, ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ & μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με, διδάσκοντες διδασκαλίας ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “As it is written, God said that this people honors him with their lips, but their heart is far away from him. But they worship him in vain, teaching as doctrines commandments of men.” +7:6 khhl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations ὡς γέγραπται 1 Here Jesus introduces a quotation from the Old Testament scriptures, specifically from [Isaiah 29:13](../isa/29/13.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a quotation from an important text, and you could include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “He wrote in the book of Isaiah” or “As he said” +7:6 j26f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὗτος ὁ λαὸς 1 Here, the phrase **This people** refers to the Israelites about whom Isaiah was speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “The Israelites honor” or “These Jewish people” +7:6 czz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns με & ἐμοῦ 1 Here, both uses of the word **me** refer to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to him more directly. Alternate translation: “me, their God, … me” +7:6 ep7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τοῖς χείλεσίν 1 Here, **lips** represent someone speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with their speech” or “with their words”\n +7:6 xtab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἡ & καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 Here Isaiah speaks as if the Israelites’ **heart** were **far away** from God. He means that they do not think about God or want to obey him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is as if their hearts were far away from me” or “they do not want to serve me”\n +7:6 zgt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns ἡ & καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει 1 If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **heart**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “their hearts are far away” +7:6 vxlk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ & καρδία αὐτῶν 1 In the author’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “their mind” or “their thinking” +7:7 etib rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next idea in the quotation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further,” +7:7 e0s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διδάσκοντες 1 Here, the word **teaching** introduces a reason why their worship is **in vain**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “since they teach” +7:7 uc2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns διδασκαλίας ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **doctrines** and **commandments**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “as authoritative what men have commanded” +7:7 sfvq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων 1 Here, Isaiah is using the possessive form to describe **commandments** that are given by **men**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “things commanded by men” +7:7 pnq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Isaiah is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “of people” +7:8 cusf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀφέντες 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **the commandment of God** were a place that the scribes and Pharisees could leave. He means that they have stopped obeying **the commandment of God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Having abandoned” or “Having stopped obeying” +7:8 bg0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **commandment** that came from **God**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the commandment given by God” or “the commandment we received from God” +7:8 iltj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **commandment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what God commanded us” +7:8 wn0q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **tradition** that came from **men**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the tradition handed down by men” or “the tradition you received from men” +7:8 hnw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **tradition**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what men teach” +7:8 bw32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “of people” +7:8 gxi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Some ancient manuscripts do not include any words in this verse after the phrase **of men**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts add the words “washings of pitchers and cups and many other similar such things you do” after the words **of men**. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. +7:9 e3qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony καλῶς ἀθετεῖτε τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν τηρήσητε 1 Here Jesus says that the scribes and Pharisees do something **well** when he thinks that they are actually doing something wrong. He speaks in this way in order to make a point. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “It is wrong for you reject the commandment of God so that you may keep your tradition” or “you should not reject the commandment of God so that you may keep your tradition” +7:9 jqnt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ & τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **commandment** and **tradition**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what God commanded us … what you were taught” +7:9 j9po rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **commandment** that came from **God**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the commandment given by God” or “the commandment we received from God” +7:9 t4hw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants τηρήσητε 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **you may keep**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “you may establish.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. +7:10 p1q0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of how the scribes and Pharisees reject God’s law. This explanation continues in [7:11–13](../07/11.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Here is how you do that:” or “What I mean is that” +7:10 ulzo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations Μωϋσῆς & εἶπεν 1 Here Jesus quotes from the Old Testament scriptures. The first quotation could be from [Exodus 20:12](../exo/20/12.md) or [Deuteronomy 5:16](../deu/05/16.md). The second quotation could be from [Exodus 21:17](../exo/21/17.md) or [Leviticus 20:9](../lev/20/09.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a quotation from an important text, and you could include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “Moses wrote in the law” or “as you can read in the Scriptures, Moses said” +7:10 d4sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν, τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα σου; καί, ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα θανάτῳ τελευτάτω 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within a quotation. Alternate translation: “said that all people should honor their father and their mother and that everyone speaking evil of his father or mother should end in death.”\n +7:10 vdg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular τίμα & σου & σου 1 Since God is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the command **Honor** and the words **your** and **your** are singular. +7:10 ogpv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα θανάτῳ τελευτάτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one speaking evil of his father or mother, he should end in death” or “Anyone who speaks evil of his father or mother must end in death” +7:10 ypvx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὁ κακολογῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “The one saying evil things about” +7:10 vcx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations πατέρα ἢ μητέρα & τελευτάτω 1 Although the terms **his** and **him** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “of one’s own father or mother, let that person end” +7:10 b9yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom θανάτῳ τελευτάτω 1 Here, the phrase **end in death** means that the person is killed or executed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “let him be put to death” or “let him be killed” +7:11-12 ras6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ὑμεῖς δὲ λέγετε, ἐὰν εἴπῃ ἄνθρωπος τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί, κορβᾶν, (ὅ ἐστιν δῶρον), ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς & οὐκέτι ἀφίετε αὐτὸν οὐδὲν ποιῆσαι τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί 1 Here Jesus quotes the scribes and Pharisees using a hypothetical or imaginary situation to help explain what would happen **if a man says to his father or his mother** that anything he might have given them is **Corban**. Use a natural method in your language for introducing a hypothetical or imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “But you say, ‘Suppose that a man says to his father or his mother, “Whatever you might have benefited from me is Corban”’ (that is, a gift). In that case, you no longer permit him to do anything for his father or his mother” +7:11 sswz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ὑμεῖς δὲ λέγετε, ἐὰν εἴπῃ ἄνθρωπος τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί, κορβᾶν, (ὅ ἐστιν δῶρον), ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς, 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within quotations. Alternate translation: “But you say that whoever says to his father or his mother that whatever they might have benefited from him is Corban (that is, a gift)” +7:11 ycru rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what the scribes and Pharisees allow in contrast to what God commanded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” or “Despite that,” +7:11 nhii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations εἴπῃ ἄνθρωπος τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί 1 Although the terms **man**, **his**, and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person says to his or her father or mother” +7:11 ax49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς 1 Here, the phrase **Whatever you might have benefited from me** refers to money or goods that children might give to their parents when they need help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Whatever I might have given to help you” or “Anything you might have received from me” +7:11 i49n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ὠφεληθῇς 1 Because the man are talking to his father or his mother, the word **you** is singular. +7:11 cd57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate κορβᾶν 1 The word **Corban** is a Hebrew word. Mark has spelled it out using Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded. Since Mark states what this word means at the end of the verse, you also should spell it out the way it sounds in your language. +7:11 ev2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κορβᾶν & ὅ ἐστιν δῶρον 1 Here Mark provides an explanation of what **Corban** means. Use a form that shows that Mark is explaining what Jesus said. Alternate translation: “is Corban’”—which means a gift—” or “is Corban’” (which can be translated as “gift”)” +7:11 nuk0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δῶρον 1 Here Mark implies that the person is giving something as a **gift** to God. Because of that, the person will not give it to his or her parents. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a gift for God” or “a gift to God only” +7:12 dyx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκέτι ἀφίετε αὐτὸν οὐδὲν ποιῆσαι 1 The words translated **no longer** and **anything** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “you permit him to do nothing any longer” or “you certainly do not permit him to do anything any longer” +7:12 o66s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτὸν & τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί 1 Although the terms **him**, **his**, and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person … for his or her father or mother” +7:13 kmww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀκυροῦντες 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **the word of God** were an object that people could set aside. He means that they are ignoring **the word of God** and treating it like it is not important. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “nullifying” or “ignoring” +7:13 i349 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Jesus is using the term **word** to refer to the commands that God gave using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what God said” or “God’s command” +7:13 ifh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῇ παραδόσει ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **tradition**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by what you received” +7:13 fg2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor παρεδώκατε 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **the tradition** were a physical object that the scribes and Pharisees had **handed down** to others. He means that they taught people to observe **the tradition**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you instructed” or “you told to other people” +7:15 gk5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐδέν & ἔξωθεν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς αὐτὸν 1 Here Jesus is referring to food and drink, which are **outside the man** and enter **into him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Since the disciples ask about the meaning of this saying in [7:17](../07/17.md), include as little implied information as possible. Alternate translation: “no food or drink, entering into him” or “nothing outside the man, being eaten by him” +7:15 y6ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τοῦ ἀνθρώπου & αὐτὸν & αὐτόν & τοῦ ἀνθρώπου & τὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 Although the terms **man** and **him** throughout the verse are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the person … him or her … him or her … the person … the person” +7:15 nneo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τοῦ ἀνθρώπου & τοῦ ἀνθρώπου & τὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 The phrase **the man** throughout this verse represents people in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a person … a person … that person” +7:15 ms5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκπορευόμενά 1 Here Jesus is referring to words and deeds, which are what **come out from** people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Since the disciples ask about the meaning of this saying in [7:17](../07/17.md), include as little implied information as possible. Alternate translation: “the words and deeds that come out from the man” or “the things that the man says and does” +7:15 f380 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐκπορευόμενά 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “that go out” +7:16 p6fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants Εἴ τις ἔχει ὦτα ἀκούειν ἀκουέτω\n 1 See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to include this verse in your translation. The note below discusses translation issues in this verse, for those who decide to include it. +7:16 y48u Εἴ τις ἔχει ὦτα ἀκούειν ἀκουέτω 1 See how you translated the similar sentence in [4:9](../04/09.md). +7:17 cfzl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche εἰσῆλθεν 1 Mark is referring to Jesus to represent both Jesus and his disciples, who traveled with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he, along with his disciples, entered” +7:17 l7d7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου 1 Here Mark implies that when Jesus **entered into a house**, he was avoiding or getting away from **the crowd**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “where they were not with the crowd” or “to avoid the crowd” +7:17 vkui rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo τὴν παραβολήν 1 Here the disciples ask Jesus to explain **the parable** about things that go into and out of a person (see [7:15](../07/15.md)). Alternate translation: “the parable about what goes into a person” +7:18 nfmp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said” +7:18 z8w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀσύνετοί ἐστε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples for how they still do not understand what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I can tell that you also are without understanding.” or “I am amazed that you also do not understand!” +7:18-19 txj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐ νοεῖτε ὅτι πᾶν τὸ ἔξωθεν εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, οὐ δύναται αὐτὸν κοινῶσαι & ὅτι οὐκ εἰσπορεύεται αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν καρδίαν, ἀλλ’ εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν, καὶ εἰς τὸν ἀφεδρῶνα ἐκπορεύεται? 1 Jesus is using the question form to remind his disciples about what happens to the food that people eat. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should already understand that everything that enters into the man from outside is not able to defile him, because it does not go into his heart, but into the stomach, and passes out into the latrine (making all foods clean).” or “You already know that everything that enters into the man from outside is not able to defile him, because it does not go into his heart, but into the stomach, and passes out into the latrine (making all foods clean)!” +7:18 yqve rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πᾶν τὸ ἔξωθεν εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 Here Jesus is referring to food and drink, which are **outside** a person and enter **into the man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you expressed the similar words in [7:15](../07/15.md). Alternate translation: “all food and drink, entering into him,” or “everything outside the man, being eaten by him,” +7:18 h4nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τὸν ἄνθρωπον & αὐτὸν 1 Although the terms **man** and **him** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the person … him or her” +7:18 wda0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 The phrase **the man** represents people in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a person” +7:19 dtx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases ὅτι 1 Here, the word **because** introduces an explanation about why nothing from outside a person can defile that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **because** untranslated. Alternate translation: “for” or “and that is because” +7:19 e710 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go οὐκ εἰσπορεύεται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “it does not come” +7:19 h4sv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν καρδίαν, ἀλλ’ εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν 1 The phrases **his heart** and **the stomach** represent people’s hearts and stomachs in general, not one particular heart and stomach. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “into a person’s heart but into a person’s stomach” +7:19 y2cr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy εἰς τὴν καρδίαν 1 In Jesus’ culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “into his head” or “into his mind”\n +7:19 kgu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτοῦ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her” +7:19 qlbz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism εἰς τὸν ἀφεδρῶνα ἐκπορεύεται 1 Jesus is referring to the process of expelling and removing feces and urine in a polite way by using the phrase **passes out into the latrine**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “is evacuated from the bowels” or “passes out of the body as waste” +7:19 ifcu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸν ἀφεδρῶνα 1 A **latrine** is a place where people expel and remove feces and urine. If your readers would not be familiar with this word, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the bathroom” or “the water closet” +7:19 hm98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν ἀφεδρῶνα & καθαρίζων πάντα τὰ βρώματα 1 Here, the phrase **cleansing all foods** is Mark’s explanation of the implication of what Jesus has said. He means that Jesus’ teaching indicates that **all foods** are clean. If it would be helpful in your language, you make that idea more explicit. Make sure that you use a form that shows that this phrase is not part of what Jesus said. Alternate translation: “the latrine?’ So, Jesus cleansed all foods.” or “the latrine?’ Now that implies that all foods are clean.” +7:20 rihs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,” or “After that,” +7:20 fvew rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo τὸ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκπορευόμενον, ἐκεῖνο 1 Here, the word **that** refers directly back to **What is coming out from the man**. Jesus expresses the idea in this way to introduce the topic he is sepaking about and then explain what he wants to say about that topic. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the word **that** would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “What is coming out from the man”\n +7:20 r12p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκπορευόμενον 1 Here Jesus is referring to words and deeds, which are what **is coming out from** people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you expressed the similar words in [7:15](../07/15.md). Alternate translation: “The words and deeds that come out from the man” or “The things that the man says and does” +7:20 zu40 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐκπορευόμενον 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “going” instead of **coming**. Alternate translation: “is going out” +7:20 hesw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τοῦ ἀνθρώπου & τὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 Although the term **man** is masculine throughout this verse, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the person … the person” +7:20 r7yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τοῦ ἀνθρώπου & τὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 The phrase **the man** throughout this verse represents people in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a person … that person” +7:21 u74o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a basis for the claim that Jesus made in the previous verse about how what comes out from a person is what defiles that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “I say that because” +7:21 chkk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐκ τῆς καρδίας τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 In Jesus’ culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think, feel, and desire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think, feel, and desire in your culture, or you could express the idea plainly. See how you translated **heart** in [7:19](../07/19.md). Alternate translation: “from the head of men” or “from the mind of men” or “from what men think and desire” +7:21 nwik rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns τῆς καρδίας 1 If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **heart**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “the hearts”\n +7:21 pycp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “of humans” +7:21 cb8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐκπορεύονται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “go out” +7:21 wi9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐκπορεύονται 1 Here Jesus speaks as if evil deeds and desires **go out** from the inside of a person. He means that these evil deeds and desires have their origin from the person, not from anything outside the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “spring” or “originate” +7:21-22 eey1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns οἱ διαλογισμοὶ οἱ κακοὶ & πορνεῖαι, κλοπαί, φόνοι & μοιχεῖαι, πλεονεξίαι, πονηρίαι, δόλος, ἀσέλγεια, ὀφθαλμὸς, πονηρός, βλασφημία, ὑπερηφανία, ἀφροσύνη 1 If your language does not use nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “evil things that people do, including evil thinking, acting in sexually immoral ways, stealing things, murdering, acting in adulterous ways, desiring what others have, doing what is wicked, deceiving people, acting in sensual ways, having an evil eye, blaspheming, being prideful, and being foolish”\n +7:22 ho3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀσέλγεια 1 The word **sensuality** describes behavior that is unrestrained and that is unacceptable according to common standards. Often, this word refers especially to the act of indulging in unacceptable sexual behavior. If your readers would not be familiar with this category, you could use the name of a similar category in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “sexual self-indulgence” or “shameful sexual behavior” +7:22 g1el rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ὀφθαλμὸς, πονηρός 1 The phrase **an evil eye** describes someone who is jealous or envious. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “jealousy” or “envy” +7:23 l4by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πάντα ταῦτα τὰ πονηρὰ ἔσωθεν ἐκπορεύεται 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evils**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “People do all these evil things because of what is within” +7:23 gq36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐκπορεύεται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “go out” +7:23 nm4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐκπορεύεται 1 Here Jesus speaks as if evil deeds and desires **go out** from **within** a person. He means that these evil deeds and desires have their origin from the person, not from anything outside the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase in [7:21](../07/21.md). Alternate translation: “spring” or “originate”\n +7:23 uwxa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἔσωθεν 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “from within a person” +7:23 a51m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the person” +7:23 q2c8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 The word the **man** represents people in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a person” +7:24 k9bl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,” +7:24 xyh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκεῖθεν 1 Here, the word **there** refers to the region of Gennesaret (see [6:53](../06/53.md)), which is where Jesus was teaching. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from where he was” or “from Gennesaret” +7:24 r0lf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἀπῆλθεν 1 Mark is referring to Jesus to represent both Jesus and his disciples, who traveled with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he, along with his disciples, went away” +7:24 nm7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀπῆλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he came away” +7:24 og69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰσελθὼν εἰς οἰκίαν 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus **entered** this **house** as a guest who had been invited to stay there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having entered into a house as a guest” or “having been invited to stay at a house” +7:24 hcyu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit γνῶναι 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus did not want people **to know** that he was staying in this specific **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to know that he was there” +7:25-26 ue8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge ἀλλ’ εὐθὺς ἀκούσασα γυνὴ περὶ αὐτοῦ, ἧς εἶχεν τὸ θυγάτριον αὐτῆς πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον ἐλθοῦσα, προσέπεσεν πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ & ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ἦν Ἑλληνίς, Συροφοινίκισσα τῷ γένει, καὶ ἠρώτα αὐτὸν ἵνα τὸ δαιμόνιον ἐκβάλῃ ἐκ τῆς θυγατρὸς αὐτῆς 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [7:25](../07/25.md) and [7:26](../07/26.md) into a verse bridge in order to include all the information about the woman before narrating what the woman did. Alternate translation: “But immediately a woman heard about him. She was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by descent. Her little daughter had an unclean spirit. She, having come, fell down at his feet. She was asking him that he would cast out the demon from her daughter.” +7:25 wjgv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλ’ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what **a woman** did in contrast to what Jesus wanted people to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “Instead,” +7:25 p33v rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants εὐθὺς ἀκούσασα γυνὴ περὶ αὐτοῦ, ἧς εἶχεν τὸ θυγάτριον αὐτῆς πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον ἐλθοῦσα, προσέπεσεν πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 Here Mark introduces **a woman** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a woman heard about him. Her little daughter had an unclean spirit. Immediately, having come, she fell down at his feet” +7:25 eofq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὐθὺς ἀκούσασα γυνὴ περὶ αὐτοῦ, ἧς εἶχεν τὸ θυγάτριον αὐτῆς πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον ἐλθοῦσα 1 Here, the word **immediately** could go with: (1) **having heard**. Alternate translation: “having heard about him immediately, a woman, of whom her little daughter had an unclean spirit, having come” (2) **having come**. Alternate translation: “having heard about him, a woman, of whom her little daughter had an unclean spirit, immediately having come” +7:25 fix3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθοῦσα 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” +7:25 tdv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction προσέπεσεν πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 In the woman’s culture, falling down at someone’s feet was a way to honor a greater person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a similar action from your culture, or you could explain what falling down means. Alternate translation: “prostrated herself before him” or “bowed down to him in respect” +7:26 aik7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ἦν Ἑλληνίς, Συροφοινίκισσα τῷ γένει, καὶ ἠρώτα 1 Here Mark provides background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “By the way, the woman was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by descent. She was asking” +7:26 e39y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Συροφοινίκισσα 1 The word **Syrophoenician** identifies the woman as someone who was native to the region of Syrophoenicia. This region was a smaller portion of Syria that was known as Phoenicia. Phoenicia was the area where the cities of Tyre and Sidon were. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include some explanation of this word. Alternate translation: “from that region, called Syrophoenicia,” or “from the region of Phoenicia within the province of Syria” +7:26 w21g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἠρώτα αὐτὸν ἵνα τὸ δαιμόνιον ἐκβάλῃ ἐκ τῆς θυγατρὸς αὐτῆς 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “she was asking him, ‘Please cast out the demon from my daughter’” +7:27 zpbr rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἄφες πρῶτον χορτασθῆναι τὰ τέκνα; οὐ γάρ ἐστιν καλόν λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων, καὶ τοῖς κυναρίοις βαλεῖν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “It is not good to take the bread of the children and to throw it to the little dogs, so permit the children first to be fed” +7:27 gsj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ἄφες πρῶτον χορτασθῆναι τὰ τέκνα; οὐ γάρ ἐστιν καλόν λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων, καὶ τοῖς κυναρίοις βαλεῖν 1 To answer the woman, Jesus offers a story or illustration. In the story, the **children** represent the Jewish people, the **little dogs** represent non-Jewish people, and the **bread** represents the help that Jesus gives to people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that this is a story with a specific message, or you could explain what the parable means. Alternate translation: “Listen to this illustration: Permit the children first to be fed, for it is not good to take the bread of the children and to throw it to the little dogs” or “Permit the children first to be fed, for it is not good to take the bread of the children and to throw it to the little dogs. That is why I am helping my fellow Jews before I help you” +7:27 o8nz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἄφες 1 Because Jesus is speaking to the woman, the command **Permit** is singular. +7:27 r898 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πρῶτον χορτασθῆναι τὰ τέκνα 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “the children first to receive food” or “someone to feed the children first” +7:27 ghtr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **bread** that was prepared for **the children** to eat. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the food prepared for the children” or “the food that the children were going to eat” +7:27 k2wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τὸν ἄρτον 1 Jesus is using **bread** to represent food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the meals” +7:27 cjec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῖς κυναρίοις βαλεῖν 1 Here, Jesus implies that the bread is thrown **to the little dogs** so that they can eat it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to throw it to the little dogs for them to eat” +7:27 p3e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοῖς κυναρίοις 1 Here, the phrase **little dogs** could describe: (1) domesticated animals that eat pests and can protect houses and families. You could use the name of a similar animal in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “to the domesticated animals” or “to the guard animals” (2) scavenging animals that were generally considered unclean and dirty. You could use the name of a similar animal in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “to the scavenging animals” or “to the dirty animals” +7:28 xgl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what the woman says in contrast to what Jesus said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,” or “Yet” +7:28 x4nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” +7:28 k43f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ναί 1 Here, the woman uses the word **Yes** to indicate that she understands and agrees with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Yes, I agree” or “Yes, that is true” +7:28 ddof rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 2 Here, the word **and** introduces the woman’s further explanation of what Jesus said about children and little dogs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **and** untranslated. Alternate translation: “but it is also true” or “yet even further,” +7:28 na7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables τὰ κυνάρια ὑποκάτω τῆς τραπέζης ἐσθίουσιν ἀπὸ τῶν ψιχίων τῶν παιδίων 1 To ask Jesus to help her, the woman offers a story or illustration based on the parable that Jesus told in [7:27](../07/27.md). In the story, the **little dogs** represent non-Jewish people, and the **crumbs** represent the help that Jesus gives to people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that this is a story with a specific message, or you could explain what the parable means. Alternate translation: “here is a similar story: the little dogs under the table eat from the crumbs of the children” or “the little dogs under the table eat from the crumbs of the children. That is what helping me would be like” +7:28 nlfk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὰ κυνάρια 1 See you how you translated this phrase in [7:27](../07/27.md). Alternate translation: “to the domesticated animals” or “to the scavenging animals” +7:28 u7ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰ κυνάρια ὑποκάτω τῆς τραπέζης 1 The woman means that **the little dogs** are where the **children** are eating the food. In her culture, they would lie **under the table** where the food was served. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the little dogs near the food” or “the little dogs that are nearby when the food is served” +7:28 y0hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῶν ψιχίων τῶν παιδίων 1 Here, the woman is using the possessive form to describe **crumbs** that fall from the food that the **children** are eating. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the crumbs from what the children are eating” or “crumbs that fall from the children’s meals” +7:29 vwsw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τοῦτον τὸν λόγον 1 Jesus is using the term **word** to mean what the woman said using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “this answer” or “how you responded” +7:29 sa9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὕπαγε 1 When Jesus tells the woman to **go**, he implies that he will do what she asked. In other words, he sends her away because he wants her to see that he has cast out the demon. Alternate translation: “go, for I have done what you asked” or “I will help you. So go” +7:29 n2s0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ὕπαγε & σου 1 Because Jesus is speaking to the woman, the command **go** and the word **your** are singular. +7:29 sbqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξελήλυθεν τὸ δαιμόνιον, ἐκ τῆς θυγατρός σου 1 Here Jesus implies that the **demon** left the **daughter** because Jesus himself commanded it to do so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I have caused the demon to go out from your daughter” or “The demon has gone out from your daughter as you requested” +7:29 p74n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελήλυθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “has come out” +7:30 xo9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ παιδίον βεβλημένον ἐπὶ τὴν κλίνην 1 Here Mark could be implying that **the child** was **having been put on the bed** because: (1) she had been healed and could sleep and rest normally. Alternate translation: “the child having been put on the bed, sleeping normally” or “the child lying peacefully on the bed” (2) the demon had exhausted her when it left her. Alternate translation: “the child having been thrown on the bed” or “the child lying exhausted on the bed” +7:30 y3x2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ παιδίον βεβλημένον 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the child lying” or “the child had lain down” +7:31 iif6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ πάλιν 1 Here, the phrase **And again** introduces the next major event in the story. The word **again** implies that Jesus has already **gone out** from a location recently (see [7:24](../07/24.md), where he left for Tyre and Sidon). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And again** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,” or “Later on,” +7:31 gjcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθὼν & ἦλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” and “came” instead of **gone** and **went**. Alternate translation: “having come out … he came” +7:31 yzf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἦλθεν 1 Mark is referring to Jesus to represent both Jesus and his disciples, who traveled with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he, along with his disciples, went” +7:31 cxa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Δεκαπόλεως 1 The word **Decapolis** is a name for a region to the southeast of Galilee. The name means “the Ten Towns.” See how you translated this name in [5:20](../05/20.md). +7:32 v23f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants φέρουσιν αὐτῷ κωφὸν καὶ μογιλάλον 1 Here Mark introduces a man who is **deaf and barely able to speak** as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “there was a man there who was deaf and barely able to speak. They bring him to Jesus” or “they bring to him a man. He was deaf and barely able to speak” +7:32 fa0c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns φέρουσιν & παρακαλοῦσιν 1 Here, the pronoun **they** refers to people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers generally to people. Alternate translation: “certain people bring … they beg” +7:32 c5y0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense φέρουσιν & παρακαλοῦσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “they brought … they begged” +7:32 m7xk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations αὐτὸν ἵνα ἐπιθῇ αὐτῷ τὴν χεῖρα 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “him, ‘Please lay your hand on him’” +7:32 jlj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπιθῇ αὐτῷ τὴν χεῖρα 1 Here the people are implying that they want Jesus to **lay his hand on him** to heal the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he would lay his hand on him and heal” or “he, by laying his hand on him, would heal him” +7:33 jdfn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔβαλεν τοὺς δακτύλους αὐτοῦ εἰς τὰ ὦτα αὐτοῦ 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus **put** one finger from one of his hands into one of the man’s **ears**, and he **put** one finger from the other hand into the man’s other ear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he put a finger in both of the man’s ears” +7:33 ld3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo πτύσας 1 Here Mark does not state where Jesus **spit**. He may have spit on the ground, on his own fingers, or on the man’s tongue. If possible, do not state where exactly Jesus spit. Alternate translation: “having spit saliva” +7:34 hu66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 In Jesus’ culture, most people thought that heaven was up above the earth. Looking up towards heaven was a common posture for someone who was praying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a common posture for prayer in your culture, or you could explain the meaning of this posture. Alternate translation: “having raised his arms in prayer” or “having looked up to heaven to pray” +7:34 iyxe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ἐστέναξεν 1 When Jesus **sighed**, it could indicate that he was praying deeply, that he felt compassion for the man, or that healing the man required much energy or power. If possible, use a general word or phrase that refers to someone breathing deeply in or out. Alternate translation: “he breathed deeply” or “he exhaled loudly” +7:34 jndd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” +7:34 xh89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐφφαθά, ὅ ἐστιν, διανοίχθητι 1 Here Mark provides an explanation of what **Ephphatha** means. Use a form that shows that Mark is explaining what Jesus said. Alternate translation: “‘Ephphatha!’—that is, ‘Be opened.’” or “‘Ephphatha!’ That is translated, ‘Be opened!’” +7:34 lbw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate ἐφφαθά 1 The word **Ephphatha** is an Aramaic word. Mark has spelled it out using Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded. Since Mark states what this word means at the end of the verse, you also should spell it out the way it sounds in your language. +7:34 q6qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive διανοίχθητι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Open” or “Become open” +7:34 ihql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular διανοίχθητι 1 Because Jesus is speaking to the man, the command **Be opened** is singular. +7:35 yj4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἠνοίγησαν αὐτοῦ αἱ ἀκοαί, καὶ ἐλύθη ὁ δεσμὸς τῆς γλώσσης αὐτοῦ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: “his ears opened, and the bond of his tongue loosened” or “Jesus opened his ears, and he loosed the bond of his tongue” +7:35 yg15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἠνοίγησαν αὐτοῦ αἱ ἀκοαί 1 Here Mark speaks as if the man could not hear because something was blocking his ears. When Jesus healed him, it was as if **his ears were opened**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his ears were repaired” or “his ears began to work properly” +7:35 gssm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐλύθη ὁ δεσμὸς τῆς γλώσσης αὐτοῦ 1 Here Mark speaks as if the man’s inability to speak clearly was because of a **bond** that restricted or restrained **his tongue**. When Jesus healed the man, it was as if that **bond** was **loosed**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his mouth was repaired” or “what kept him from speaking clearly was removed” +7:35 yusk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ὁ δεσμὸς τῆς γλώσσης αὐτοῦ 1 Here, Mark is using the possessive form to describe a **bond** that binds or restricts the man’s **tongue**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the bond that held his tongue” or “the bond that restrained his tongue” +7:36 oo1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς & λέγωσιν & αὐτοῖς & αὐτοὶ 1 The pronouns **them** and **they** throughout this refer to the people who saw that Jesus had healed the man. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the people who saw what he had done … they would tell it … them … they” or “those who knew about the healing … they would tell it … them … they” +7:36 u56m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations αὐτοῖς ἵνα μηδενὶ λέγωσιν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “them, ‘Tell it to no one’” +7:36 eb2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis αὐτοῖς διεστέλλετο, αὐτοὶ 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus **ordered** them not to tell anyone about what he had done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he ordered them to tell it to no one” +7:37 lg0r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὑπέρπερισσῶς ἐξεπλήσσοντο λέγοντες 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus and what he had done. Alternate translation: “what he had done extremely astonished them, and they said” or “this story about Jesus astonished them extremely, and they said” +7:37 hwj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ὑπέρπερισσῶς ἐξεπλήσσοντο 1 The pronoun **they** refers to everyone who witnessed or heard about how Jesus healed the man. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “everyone who knew about what Jesus had done was extremely astonished” or “all the people were extremely astonished” +7:37 a8dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” +7:37 qmx0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καλῶς πάντα πεποίηκεν 1 Here the people are referring to **all things** that Jesus had done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Everything that he has done, he has done well” or “He has done all his deeds well” +7:37 dh17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς κωφοὺς & ἀλάλους 1 Mark is using the adjectives **deaf** and **mute** as nouns to mean people who are deaf and mute. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “deaf people … mute people” 8:intro ry56 0 # Mark 8 General Notes\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Bread\n\nWhen Jesus worked a miracle and provided bread for a large crowd of people, they probably thought about when God miraculously provided food for the people of Israel when they were in the wilderness.\n\nYeast is the ingredient that causes bread to expand before it is baked. In this chapter, Jesus uses yeast as a metaphor for things that change the way people think, speak, and act. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### “Adulterous generation”\n\nWhen Jesus called the people an “adulterous generation,” he was telling them that they were not faithful to God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 1, 2, 6, 12, 17, 19, 20, 22, 29 and 33. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nJesus used many rhetorical questions as a way of both teaching the disciples [Mark 8:17–21](./17.md) and rebuking the people [Mark 8:12](../mrk/08/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, “Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it” [Mark 8:35–37](../08/35.md) 8:1 rmd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 The phrase **In those days** introduces a new event that happened some time after the events in the story that Mark has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. 8:1 sgv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo μὴ ἐχόντων τι φάγωσιν 1 # Connecting Statement:\n\nFollowing this, Jesus explains why the crowd did not have **anything to eat**. Since the expression is explained in the next verse, you do not need to explain its meaning further here.