diff --git a/tn_MAT.tsv b/tn_MAT.tsv index 0978289504..b80c4ff2bc 100644 --- a/tn_MAT.tsv +++ b/tn_MAT.tsv @@ -480,14 +480,14 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:15 rz4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo οὐδὲ καίουσιν λύχνον καὶ τιθέασιν αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τὸν μόδιον, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τὴν λυχνίαν, καὶ λάμπει πᾶσιν τοῖς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ 1 Here Jesus implicitly calls his disciples a **a lamp**. However, he explains this figure of speech in the next verse, so you should not explain its meaning in this verse. 5:15 s5sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns καίουσιν 1 The pronoun they refers to people in general. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use a form that refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “does anyone light” 5:15 uqpe rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ὑπὸ τὸν μόδιον 1 A **basket** is a large circular container that stores food or other items. If someone put **a lamp** under this kind of container, it would completely hide the light from the lamp. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of container, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “in a box” or “under a container that hides its light” -5:15 c8el rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but rather they put it on” +5:15 c8el rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: "they put it on” 5:15 hkm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ 2 Here, the word **and** introduces the result of putting a lamp on a lampstand. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “and so” or “with the result that” 5:16 qhp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor λαμψάτω τὸ φῶς ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Here Jesus speaks of proper behavior as if it were a **light** that could **shine**. He means that everyone notices and benefits from this proper behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let what you do be like a light that shines before men” or “Live your life before men” 5:16 nz8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p λαμψάτω τὸ φῶς ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Make sure that your light shines” or “Your light should shine” -5:16 l0kz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women” or “humans” +5:16 l0kz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women” or “people” 5:16 f9uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὕτως 1 Here, the phrase **in such a way** refers back to what Jesus said in [5:15](../05/15.md) about a lamp shining on everyone in a house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “just as that lamp shines” 5:16 iiu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὸν Πατέρα ὑμῶν 1 Jesus speaks of his disciples as if God were their physical father. He means that they have a father-son relationship with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your spiritual Father” or “God, who is like a Father to you,”\n -5:16 ouqi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God **the Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens” +5:16 ouqi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God **the Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens” 5:17 jirt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἦλθον -1 Here, the phrase **I came** refers to Jesus entering this world as a human to do what God called him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I came to this world … I came to this world” or “I am acting … I am acting” 5:17 d30i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names τὸν νόμον ἢ τοὺς προφήτας -1 The word **law** is the name for one part of the Hebrew Scriptures, and the word **prophets** is the name for another part of the Hebrew Scriptures. Show this in your translation in the way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “any part of the Scriptures, either the Law or the Prophets” 5:17 gg3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τοὺς προφήτας 1 Here, **the prophets** represents what the prophets said and wrote. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the writings of the prophets” @@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:18 ozda rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πάντα γένηται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “all things take place” or “they accomplish all things” 5:18 ya2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πάντα 1 Here, the phrase **all things** could refer to: (1) everything that is written in **the law**. Alternate translation: “all things written in the law” (2) everything that God has planned for this world and history. Alternate translation: “all things that God has planned” or “all things that will happen in this world” 5:19 dv5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὃς ἐὰν & λύσῃ μίαν τῶν ἐντολῶν τούτων τῶν ἐλαχίστων, καὶ διδάξῃ οὕτως τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἐλάχιστος κληθήσεται ἐν τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. You may also need to rearrange the elements in the sentence. Alternate translation: “God will call least in the kingdom of the heavens anyone who annuls one of the least of these commandments and teaches men to do so” -5:19 uxz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν ἐλαχίστων & ἐλάχιστος 1 Here, the word **least** identifies something that is not very important. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the most least important … least unimportant” +5:19 uxz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν ἐλαχίστων & ἐλάχιστος 1 Here, the word **least** identifies something that is not very important. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the least important … least important” 5:19 hxl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τοὺς ἀνθρώπους 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women” or “others” 5:19 yc45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὃς δ’ ἂν ποιήσῃ καὶ διδάξῃ, οὗτος μέγας κληθήσεται ἐν τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. You may also need to rearrange the elements in the sentence. Alternate translation: “But God will call great in the kingdom of the heavens anyone who does and teaches them” 5:20 zvia rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of what Jesus said in the previous verse about how important it is to obey even the least important laws. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a further explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “Even more,” @@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:22 mg2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐγὼ & λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι 1 Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** to emphasize what he is about to say and to contrast it with what “was said to the ancient ones” ([5:21](../05/21.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the emphatic contrast in another way. Alternate translation: “listen to this:” or “here is what you need to know:” 5:22 x3as rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **being angry with his brother**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “being angry with his brother without cause.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. 5:22 d5nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ & τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who follows Jesus and shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with a fellow disciple … to a fellow disciple” -5:22 rbi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ & τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ 1 Although the terms **his** and **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “his or her brother or sister” to indicate this. +5:22 rbi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ & τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ 1 Although the terms **his** and **brother** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “his or her brother or sister” to indicate this. 5:22 popw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει 1 See how you translated this clause in [5:21](../05/21.md). Alternate translation: “will be subject to judgment and punishment” or “deserves to be judged and punished” 5:22 b08b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῇ κρίσει 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being judged” or “human authorities who will judge him or her” 5:22 hf7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations εἴπῃ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ, ῥακά, ἔνοχος ἔσται & εἴπῃ, μωρέ, ἔνοχος ἔσται 1 It may be more natural in your language to have indirect quotations here. Alternate translation: “calls his brother Raka will be subject to … says that someone is a fool will be subject” @@ -534,32 +534,32 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:22 ryio rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός 1 Here Jesus uses the name **Gehenna** to refer to hell. The valley named **Gehenna** was outside the city of Jerusalem and was a place where people threw out and burned garbage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a place of fire like the valley of Gehenna” or “fiery hell, which is like Gehenna valley” 5:22 xd6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **Gehenna** as a place that has much **fire**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the fiery Gehenna” or “the fires in Gehenna” 5:23 ck09 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces an inference or conclusion based on what Jesus has said about being angry and insulting fellow believers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an inference or conclusion. Alternate translation: “So” or “Because of that” -5:23 m0jg rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical ἐὰν & προσφέρῃς τὸ δῶρόν σου ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον, κἀκεῖ μνησθῇς ὅτι ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἔχει τι κατὰ σοῦ 1 Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that people in his audience might be **at the altar** and **remember** that a **brother has something against** them. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “consider this situation: you are offering your gift at the altar, and there you remember that your brother has something against. If that were to happen” -5:23 he2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd προσφέρῃς & σου & μνησθῇς & σου & σοῦ 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. +5:23 m0jg rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical ἐὰν & προσφέρῃς τὸ δῶρόν σου ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον, κἀκεῖ μνησθῇς ὅτι ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἔχει τι κατὰ σοῦ 1 Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that people in his audience might be **at the altar** and **remember** that a **brother has something against** them. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “consider this situation: you are offering your gift at the altar, and there you remember that your brother has something against you. If that were to happen” +5:23 he2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd προσφέρῃς & σου & μνησθῇς & σου & σοῦ 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who is speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. 5:23 chv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ δῶρόν σου ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον 1 Here Jesus is referring to giving a **gift** to God at the **altar** in the temple in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “your gift to God at the altar in the temple” 5:23 wh1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ ἀδελφός σου 1 Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who follows Jesus and shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a fellow disciple” 5:23 zkec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ὁ ἀδελφός σου 1 Although the term **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “your brother or sister” to indicate this. 5:23 lrsx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἔχει τι κατὰ σοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **has something against you** indicates that the **brother** has been offended or injured by **you**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is upset with you” or “has been offended by you” -5:24 hxl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd ἄφες & σου & ὕπαγε & διαλλάγηθι & σου & πρόσφερε & σου 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. -5:24 lrx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὕπαγε 1 Here Jesus implies that the person needs to **go** to his or her **brother**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “go to your brother” +5:24 hxl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd ἄφες & σου & ὕπαγε & διαλλάγηθι & σου & πρόσφερε & σου 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who is speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. +5:24 lrx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὕπαγε 1 Here Jesus implies that the person needs to **go** to his or her **brother**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “go to him” 5:24 q08w rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential πρῶτον διαλλάγηθι τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου, καὶ τότε ἐλθὼν, πρόσφερε τὸ δῶρόν σου 1 Here Jesus emphasizes that these two events must happen in this sequence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could emphasize the sequence in another way. Alternate translation: “before you can come back and offer your gift, you need to be reconciled with your brother” 5:24 z9m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive διαλλάγηθι τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “reconcile with your brother” or “restore the relationship with your brother” 5:24 h4ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου 1 Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who follows Jesus and shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with that fellow disciple” 5:24 z0hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου 1 Although the term **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “with your brother or sister” to indicate this. -5:24 cxe2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθὼν 1 Here Jesus implies that the person can to **come** back to the **altar**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having come back to your gift at the altar” +5:24 cxe2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθὼν 1 Here Jesus implies that the person can **come** back to the **altar**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having come back to your gift at the altar” 5:24 aa4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” 5:25 mhr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἴσθι εὐνοῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **agreement**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Agree” -5:25 d3p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd ἴσθι & σου & εἶ & σε & ὁ & βληθήσῃ 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. +5:25 d3p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd ἴσθι & σου & εἶ & σε & ὁ & βληθήσῃ 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who is speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. 5:25 sr9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῷ ἀντιδίκῳ σου & ὁ ἀντίδικος 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe someone who accuses another person (“you”). If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “with the one who is accusing you … the one who is accusing you” 5:25 lr2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἶ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ 1 Here, **on the way** is referring to the time when the person and the person’s **accuser** are walking to the place where the judge is. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you are walking with him on the road to the law court” 5:25 unun rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτοῦ 1 Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “him or her” 5:25 nev9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom σε παραδῷ 1 Here, the phrase **hand you over** refers to putting someone under the authority and control of another person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “might transfer you” or “might entrust you” 5:25 pq6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ὁ κριτὴς τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the judge might hand you over to the officer” -5:25 gcm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ 1 Here, **the officer** is a person who has authority to carry out the decisions of a judge. Usually this involves bringing people to jail if they have been declared guilty by the judge. Alternate translation: “to one who carries out the judge’s orders” +5:25 gcm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ 1 Here, **the officer** is a person who has authority to carry out the decisions of a judge. Usually this involves bringing people to jail if they have been declared guilty by the judge. Alternate translation: “to the one who carries out the judge’s orders” 5:25 drhp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom εἰς φυλακὴν βληθήσῃ 1 Here, the phrase **thrown into prison** refers to someone being locked up in **prison**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will be put into prison” or “you will be locked up in prison” 5:25 pzh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive βληθήσῃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the officer will throw you” 5:26 e5ip ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι 1 Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” -5:26 uu76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σοι, οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃς & ἀποδῷς 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation. +5:26 uu76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σοι, οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃς & ἀποδῷς 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who is speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation. 5:26 l1xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐ μὴ 1 The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means” 5:26 z8sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃς 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “you will certainly not go out” 5:26 z2mc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἕως ἂν ἀποδῷς τὸν ἔσχατον κοδράντην 1 Here Jesus implies that the “judge” required the person to pay a fine or give money to the person who accused him or her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “until you have paid the last quadrans that the judge required” @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:28 z70s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **adultery**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “has already become an adulterer” or “has already done what is adulterous” 5:28 glg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 In Matthew’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “in his thoughts” or “in his desires” 5:29 g850 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces a further development in what Jesus has been speaking about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a development, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now” -5:29 wm6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σου & σε, ἔξελε & βάλε & σοῦ & σοι & σου & σου 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. +5:29 wm6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σου & σε, ἔξελε & βάλε & σοῦ & σοι & σου & σου 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who is speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. 5:29 ikp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἰ & ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ὁ δεξιὸς σκανδαλίζει σε 1 Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that people in his audience might experience their **right eye** causing them **to stumble**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “consider this situation: your right eye causes you to stumble. If that were to happen”\n 5:29 y0f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ὁ δεξιὸς σκανδαλίζει σε 1 Here, Jesus speaks of **your right eye** as if it were a person who could cause **you to stumble**. He means that the **right eye** is the part of the body that is involved in the stumbling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is your right eye’s fault that you stumble” or “you stumble with your right eye” 5:29 aro9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σκανδαλίζει σε 1 Here, Jesus is speaking of sinning as if it were **stumbling**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes you to sin” @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:29 v1cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μὴ ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου βληθῇ εἰς Γέενναν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God would not throw your whole body into Gehenna” 5:29 cxyk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Γέενναν 1 Here Jesus uses the name **Gehenna** to refer to hell. Translate the name as you did in [5:22](../05/22.md). Alternate translation: “a place like the valley of Gehenna” or “hell, which is like Gehenna valley” 5:30 wtyk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 1 This verse means basically the same thing as the previous verse, but Jesus uses the example of a **right hand** instead of a “right eye.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word other than **and** to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Again,” or “Here is another example:” -5:30 llw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σου & σε, ἔκκοψον & βάλε & σοῦ & σοι & σου & σου 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. +5:30 llw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σου & σε, ἔκκοψον & βάλε & σοῦ & σοι & σου & σου 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who is speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. 5:30 zx8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἰ ἡ δεξιά σου χεὶρ σκανδαλίζει σε 1 Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that people in his audience might experience their **right hand** causing them **to stumble**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. See how you translated the similar clause in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “consider this situation: your right hand causes you to stumble. If that were to happen”\n 5:30 klwl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἡ δεξιά σου χεὶρ σκανδαλίζει σε 1 Here, Jesus speaks of **your right hand** as if it were a person who could cause **you to stumble**. He means that the **right hand** is the part of the body that is involved in the stumbling. See how you translated the similar clause in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “it is your right hand’s fault that you stumble” or “you stumble with your right hand” 5:30 qqom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σκανδαλίζει σε 1 Here, Jesus is speaking of sinning as if it were stumbling. See how you translated this phrase in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “causes you to sin” @@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:34 nldv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὅλως; μήτε ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ὅτι θρόνος ἐστὶν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why people should not swear **by heaven**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could put the reason before the command. Alternate translation: “at all. Heaven is the throne of God, so do not swear by it” 5:34 u7su rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor θρόνος ἐστὶν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here, Jesus speaks of **heaven** as if it were **the throne of God**. He means that **heaven** is the place from which God rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “it is where God’s throne is” or “it is the place from which God rules” 5:35 e7z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result μήτε ἐν τῇ γῇ, ὅτι ὑποπόδιόν ἐστιν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why people should not swear **by the earth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could put the reason before the command. Alternate translation: “and the earth is a footstool for his feet, so do not swear by it either” -5:35 mvcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὑποπόδιόν ἐστιν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ 1 Here, Jesus speaks of **the earth** as if it were **a footstool for his feet**. He means that **the earth** is a place over which God rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “it is where God exercises his authority” or “it is the place over which God rules” +5:35 mvcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὑποπόδιόν ἐστιν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ 1 Here, Jesus speaks of **the earth** as if it were **a footstool for his feet**. He means that **the earth** is a place over which God rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is where God exercises his authority” or “it is the place over which God rules” 5:35 uhvy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result μήτε εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, ὅτι πόλις ἐστὶν τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλέως 1 Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why people should not swear **by Jerusalem**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could put the reason before the command. Alternate translation: “and Jerusalem is the city of the great King, so do not swear by it either” 5:35 hqn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession πόλις & τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλέως 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **city** that belongs to **the great King**. It is the **city** where **the great King** is present in a special way. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the city where the great King is present” or “the city that the great King possesses” 5:35 hsk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλέως 1 Here Jesus implies that **the great King** is God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the great King, God” @@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:37 hjrc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν 1 Here, **word** represents what a person says using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what you say” 5:37 opmi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ναὶ ναί, οὒ οὔ 1 Here Jesus implies that a person is using the word **yes** to make a promise to say or do something and the word **no** to make a promise not to say or do something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “‘yes I will’ or ‘no I will not’” 5:37 gbni rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ & περισσὸν τούτων 1 Here Jesus is referring to saying anything more than **yes** or **no** when making a promise. He is particularly referring to swearing an oath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “using more words in your promise” or “including an oath” -5:37 l664 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ πονηροῦ 1 Here, the phrase **the evil one** could refer to: (1) the devil, or Satan. Alternate translation: “the devil” (2) **evil** in general. Alternate translation: “evil” or “what is evil” +5:37 l664 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ πονηροῦ 1 Here, the phrase **the evil one** could refer to: (1) the devil, or Satan. Alternate translation: “the devil” (2) **evil** in general. Alternate translation: “an evil source” or “what is evil” 5:38 zar1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐρρέθη 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God commanded” or “Moses said” 5:38 n50o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations ἐρρέθη 1 Here Jesus quotes from the Old Testament scriptures. These words can be found in [Exodus 21:24](../exo/21/24.md); [Leviticus 24:20](../lev/24/20.md); and [Deuteronomy 19:21](../deu/19/21.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “it was commanded in the law” 5:38 og6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ καὶ ὀδόντα ἀντὶ ὀδόντος 1 Here Jesus implies that this command deals with the proper way to punish people when they injure others. The command indicates that the punishment should match what the person did to hurt another person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “If someone injured another person’s eye, his or her eye should be injured as punishment; if someone injured another person’s tooth, his or her tooth should be injured as punishment” or “If you hurt someone’s eye, your eye will be hurt; if you hurt someone’s tooth, your tooth will be hurt” @@ -642,20 +642,20 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:39 xjgo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐγὼ & λέγω ὑμῖν, μὴ ἀντιστῆναι 1 Jesus uses the clause **I tell you** to emphasize what he is about to say and to contrast it with what he quoted in the previous verse ([5:38](../05/38.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the emphatic contrast in another way. Alternate translation: “listen to this: do not resist” or “here is what you need to know: do not resist” 5:39 eiqi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀντιστῆναι 1 Here, the word **resist** could refer to: (1) trying to stop someone from doing something. Alternate translation: “to oppose” (2) trying to fight back or get revenge. Alternate translation: “to fight back against” or “to get revenge on” 5:39 qrx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ πονηρῷ 1 Here, the phrase **the evil one** could refer to: (1) any person who acts in **evil** ways. Alternate translation: “an evil person” or “any person who is evil” (2) any action or thing that is **evil**. Alternate translation: “anything evil” or “evil actions” -5:39 oslz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ὅστις σε ῥαπίζει εἰς τὴν δεξιὰν σιαγόνα, στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην 1 Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Use a natural method in your language for introducing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “if anyone strikes you on the right cheek, you should to turn him the other also” -5:39 kgnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σε & στρέψον 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this sentence. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation. +5:39 oslz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ὅστις σε ῥαπίζει εἰς τὴν δεξιὰν σιαγόνα, στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην 1 Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Use a natural method in your language for introducing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “if anyone strikes you on the right cheek, you should turn to him the other also” +5:39 kgnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σε & στρέψον 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this sentence. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who is speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation. 5:39 i13f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην 1 Here Jesus implies that turning the **other** cheek **to him** will allow the person to strike this **other** cheek. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “turn to him the other so that he can strike it also” 5:39 ztvk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτῷ 1 Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “to him or her” 5:40 d5pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo τῷ θέλοντί σοι κριθῆναι καὶ τὸν χιτῶνά σου λαβεῖν, ἄφες αὐτῷ καὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον 1 Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Use a natural method in your language for introducing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “if someone wants to have judgment passed upon you and to take away your tunic, you should let him also have your cloak” 5:40 gr2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σοι κριθῆναι 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to have someone judge you” or “you to be judged” -5:40 rkhi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σοι & σου & ἄφες & τὸ 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. +5:40 rkhi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σοι & σου & ἄφες & τὸ 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who is speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. 5:40 fcgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ τὸν χιτῶνά σου λαβεῖν 1 Here, the word **and** introduces the result of **judgment** being **passed upon you**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this more explicit. Alternate translation: “with the result that he takes away your tunic” 5:40 t9f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸν χιτῶνά & ἱμάτιον 1 The **tunic** was worn close to the body, like a heavy shirt or a sweater. The **cloak**, the more valuable of the two, was worn over the **tunic** for warmth and could be used as a blanket for warmth at night. If your readers would not be familiar with these kinds of garments, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “inner garment … outer garment”\n 5:40 ckn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτῷ 1 Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “him or her” 5:41 hv2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ὅστις σε ἀγγαρεύσει μίλιον ἕν, ὕπαγε μετ’ αὐτοῦ δύο 1 Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Use a natural method in your language for introducing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “if someone presses you into service for one mile, you should go with him two” -5:41 i867 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σε ἀγγαρεύσει 1 Here, the phrase **press you into service** refers to a person in authority forcing someone else to carry his or her pack or belongings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this idea explicit. Alternate translation: “will force you to carry his pack for” or “will make you act as his porter for” -5:41 bmme rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σε & ὕπαγε 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation. -5:41 i86s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance μίλιον ἕν 1 Here, **one mile** refers to the Roman mile, which was 1,000 paces. In modern measurements, this is about 4,860 feet or 1,480 meters. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this in terms of modern measurements, either in the text or a footnote. It is not important to the meaning of the passage be precise about the distance, so you could use round numbers. Alternate translation: “for 1,500 meters” or “for one kilometer” or “for 5,000 feet” +5:41 i867 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σε ἀγγαρεύσει 1 Here, the phrase **press you into service** refers to a person in authority forcing someone else to carry his or her pack or belongings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this idea explicit. Alternate translation: “will force you to carry his pack” or “will make you act as his porter” +5:41 bmme rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σε & ὕπαγε 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who is speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation. +5:41 i86s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance μίλιον ἕν 1 Here, **one mile** refers to the Roman mile, which was 1,000 paces. In modern measurements, this is about 4,860 feet or 1,480 meters. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this in terms of modern measurements, either in the text or a footnote. It is not important to the meaning of the passage to be precise about the distance, so you could use round numbers. Alternate translation: “for one kilometer” 5:41 zv6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ὕπαγε μετ’ αὐτοῦ δύο 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “go with him two miles” 5:41 s4kl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτοῦ 1 Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “him or her” 5:42 i90h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ αἰτοῦντί σε, δός 1 Here Jesus does not specify what the person is **asking** for or what should be given. He does this to include many things that a person might ask for. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include a generic or general object. Alternate translation: “Give to the one asking you for anything” or “When a person asks you for anything, give it to him or her” @@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:45 ir75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ὅπως 1 The connecting words **so that** introduce a goal or purpose relationship. The purpose for loving enemies and praying for persecutors (see [5:44](../05/44.md)) is to **be sons of your Father**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “in order that” 5:45 my3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor υἱοὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν 1 Jesus speaks of his disciples as if God were their physical **Father**. He means that they have a father-son relationship with God, which indicates that they act or behave like God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “spiritual sons of your spiritual Father” or “like God, whom you can call your Father” 5:45 jzu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατρὸς ὑμῶν 1 **Father** is an important title for the first person in the Trinity. He is the **Father** also of Jesus. -5:45 syjz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν οὐρανοῖς 1 Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God **the Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens” +5:45 syjz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν οὐρανοῖς 1 Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God **the Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens” 5:45 sxvq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why those who treat their enemies well will **be sons** of their **Father**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You will be his sons because” or “That is because” 5:45 hwxb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς & δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους 1 In the first clause, Jesus mentions the wicked person first, but in the second clause he mentions the wicked person second. This structure sounded good in his culture. If your language would not use this structure, you could consistently refer to either the wicked or the good person first. Alternate translation: “the good and the evil … the just and the unjust” or “the evil and the good … the unjust and the just” 5:45 qj7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς & δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **evil**, **good**, **just**, and **unjust** as nouns to mean people who are characterized by these qualities. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people … just people and unjust people” @@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:47 ah5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περισσὸν 1 Here Jesus implies that they are not doing anything **more** than people who do not know God do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “more than anyone else” or “more than people who do not know God” 5:47 cjkf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐχὶ καὶ οἱ ἐθνικοὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν? 1 Jesus uses this question to show that even **Gentiles**, who do not know God, greet their friends. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Even the Gentiles do the same thing.” or “Even Gentiles do that very thing!” 5:47 hayf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants οἱ ἐθνικοὶ 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **the Gentiles**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “the tax collectors.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. -5:48 x9xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces the conclusion to what Jesus has been telling his disciples about how to live. He could be concluding everything he said in [5:21–47](../05/21.md), or he could concluding only what he said in [5:43–47](../05/43.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a conclusion. Alternate translation: “So then” or “In summary” +5:48 x9xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces the conclusion to what Jesus has been telling his disciples about how to live. He could be concluding everything he said in [5:21–47](../05/21.md), or he could be concluding only what he said in [5:43–47](../05/43.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a conclusion. Alternate translation: “So then” or “In summary” 5:48 l6pa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος 1 This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God your heavenly Father” 6:intro jrj2 0 # Matthew 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:28)\n * Giving alms (6:1–4)\n * Praying to God (6:5–15)\n * Fasting (6:16–18)\n * Storing up treasure (6:19–21)\n * The eye and the body (6:22–23)\n * Two masters (6:24)\n * Being anxious (6:25–34)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the prayer in [6:9–13](../06/09.md).\n\nJesus spoke about many different subjects in this sermon, so you may wish to help the reader by putting an empty line into the text whenever Jesus changed the subject.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Giving alms\n\nGiving alms was an important practice for religious people in Jesus’ culture. To give alms, a person would offer money or possessions to other people who were poor or in need. Sometimes they would give the money or possessions directly to poor people. Other times, they would give it to the priests, who would give to poor people. Make sure that your translation refers to this kind of practice.\n\n### “The Lord’s Prayer”\n\nIn [6:9–13](../06/09.md), Jesus speaks a prayer that he wants his disciples to imitate when they pray. The prayer is very poetic, and it is sometimes called “the Lord’s Prayer.” Many churches use this prayer during their meetings, and the form that churches use is often not the same form that Matthew wrote down. If churches already use a form of this prayer in your language, you could use the same words. However, you should follow the form of the prayer as Mathew wrote it down, and you should not include any extra lines or pieces of the prayer beyond what Matthew included.\n\n### Fasting\n\nIn [6:16–18](../06/16.md), Jesus gives instructions related to fasting. Just as with giving alms, fasting was an important practice for religious people in Jesus’ culture. Fasting usually required avoiding all food and drink, but some kinds of fasting only required avoiding certain kinds of food. Also, some fasts were public (that is, many people fasted on these set days) and some fasts were private (that is, individuals would choose to fast for certain reasons). Many fasts lasted part of a day or a full day. Jesus does not condemn fasting; instead, he gives instructions for how to behave while fasting. Make sure that your translation refers to these kinds of practices.\n\n### Storing up treasures\n\nIn [6:19–21](../06/19.md), Jesus speaks about storing up treasures either on earth or in heaven. He is speaking not only of possessions or money but also of anything that one considers to be valuable. Jesus points out that valuable things in heaven cannot be ruined like valuable things on earth can. Also, he states that a person’s “heart” is where they store their treasures. If possible, use a word for “treasure” that can refer to money, possessions, and any other valuable things.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The lamp and light metaphor in [6:22–23](../06/22.md)\n\nIn these verses, Jesus speaks about eyes as if they were lamps for the body. This figure of speech has two pieces to it. First, Jesus speaks of how bodies work using the metaphor of lamps and light. Second, Jesus speaks of Christian living using the metaphor of how bodies work. It is important to consider both of these pieces as you translate these verses.\n\nFirst, Jesus speaks of how bodies work using the metaphor of lamps and light. There are two major options for understanding what Jesus means when he refers to an eye as the lamp of the body. First, in Matthew’s culture, some people thought that eyes worked by sending out a form of light that would shine on what they saw. In this case, eyes are like lamps because they have light inside them that shines out. So, the whole body is light or dark inside based on whether the eyes shine properly. Second, the eyes could be like windows that let light into the body. Since they let light into a place, they are like lamps. So, the whole body is light or dark inside based on whether the eyes let light in. Consider how you might best express one of these meanings while maintaining the light and dark language, which is very important for understanding the figure of speech.\n\nSecond, Jesus speaks of Christian life using the metaphor of how bodies work. Scholars debate what Jesus means when he talks about a “healthy eye” and “light” in contrast to an “evil eye” and “darkness.” He might mean devotion to God in contrast to evil desires. He might mean generosity in contrast to greed and selfishness. He might mean paying attention to what he is saying in contrast to ignoring his instructions. Since Jesus most likely intended this figure of speech to be like a riddle or puzzle, you should retain the body metaphor. If necessary, you could indicate that this is a figure of speech without stating exactly what it means.\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn [6:25–28](../06/25.md) and [6:30](../06/30.md), Jesus uses rhetorical questions. He asks these questions to include the disciples in what he is arguing, not because he is looking for information. If your language does not use questions in this way, you could include answers to the questions or you could express them as statements or exclamations. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nIn this chapter, Jesus is talking to a large crowd of his followers. Throughout the chapter, Jesus switches between using “you” in the singular and “you” in the plural while he is talking to the same people. When he uses the singular, he is speaking about specific situations that each person in the crowd might experience. When he uses the plural, he is speaking generally to the crowd as a whole. You should assume that Jesus is using plural forms of “you” unless a note specifies that the forms are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) 6:1 zvn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next topic. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”\n