From 2ec87ae508c835a3abf110d1f9b6da126beb2e54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stephen Wunrow Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2023 21:45:15 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Merge stephenwunrow-tc-create-1 into master by stephenwunrow (#3346) --- tn_MAT.tsv | 638 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 437 insertions(+), 201 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_MAT.tsv b/tn_MAT.tsv index cfbcbe18c6..347036d343 100644 --- a/tn_MAT.tsv +++ b/tn_MAT.tsv @@ -3510,7 +3510,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 20:33 yb39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἵνα ἀνοιγῶσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἡμῶν. 1 Here, the clause **that our eyes might be opened** indicates that the two blind men want to be able to see with their **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable clause or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that our eyes might be healed” or “that our eyes might see” 20:33 q3o8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀνοιγῶσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἡμῶν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “our eyes might become open” 20:34 hin4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σπλαγχνισθεὶς 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **compassion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “having sympathized with them” -20:34 l3nz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ 1 Here, the phrase **followed him** could indicate that: (1) the two blind men traveled with Jesus and were his disciple. Alternate translation: “became his disciples” or “traveled with him as his students” (2) the two blind men walked with Jesus on the road. Alternate translation: “walked with him” or “went with him” +20:34 l3nz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ 1 Here, the phrase **followed him** could indicate that: (1) the two blind men traveled with Jesus and were his disciple. Alternate translation: “they became his disciples” or “they traveled with him as his students” (2) the two blind men walked with Jesus on the road. Alternate translation: “they walked with him” or “they went with him” 21:intro ni1x 0 # Matthew 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n9. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1-22:46)\n * Jesus enters Jerusalem (21:1–11)\n * Jesus drives people out of the temple and argues with the leaders (21:12–17)\n * Jesus curses a fig tree (21:18–22)\n * Jesus speaks with the chief priests and elders (21:23–46)\n * Questions about authority (21:23–27)\n * The parable of the two children (21:28–32)\n * The parable of the vineyard (21:33–41)\n * The stone that the builders rejected (21:42–44)\n * The reaction of the chief priests and elders (21:45–46)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [21:5](../21/05.md), [21:9](../21/09.md), and [21:42](../21/42.md), which are mostly quotes from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The donkey and the colt\n\nIn [21:1–4](../21/01.md), Jesus instructs two of his disciples to collect a donkey and a colt for him to use as he enters into Jerusalem. Matthew comments that Jesus did that in fulfillment of [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md), which indicates that a special king of Israel will ride on a donkey and on a colt, which is a poetic way of referring to a donkey that is a colt. In the story in Matthew, Matthew refers to both the donkey and the colt that the disciples collect, but he does not indicate which one Jesus actually rides. Make sure that it is clear that there are two animals that match the way that [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md) was written, but do not indicate which one Jesus rode on.\n\n### Hosanna\n\nThe word “Hosanna” is a Hebrew word spelled out how it sounds in Matthew’s language. The word means “save us, please.” By the time of Jesus, however, people would use the word to praise or honor God and others. Consider whether to spell the word out as it sounds or state its meaning. See the notes on [21:9](../21/09.md) and [21:15](../21/15.md) for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n### Disrupting activity in the temple area\n\nIn [21:12–13](../21/12.md), Jesus disrupts normal activity in the temple by driving out some people and by overturning the chairs and tables of others. Jesus performed this symbolic action to express a specific message. However, Christians debate exactly what the symbolic action means. Jesus could have been protesting against people who were buying and selling dishonestly. He could have been protesting against all buying and selling in the temple area. He could have been indicating that the temple would be destroyed. Your translation should state what Jesus did while allowing for all of these possible interpretations.\n\n### The baptism of John\n\nIn [21:25–27](../21/25.md), Jesus and the chief priests and elders discuss “the baptism of John.” Here they are referring to how John baptized people for repentance. Jesus asks them whether they think that John’s baptism came from heaven or from people, which means that he performed baptisms by God’s authority or by human authority. The chief priests and elders decide not to answer the question. See the notes on these verses for ways to refer to John’s baptism and to the authority behind it.\n\n### Renting out a vineyard\n\nIn [21:33–41](../21/33.md), Jesus tells a story about a man who built a vineyard and then rented it out to farmers. Jesus is referring to a common arrangement in which a wealthy person who owned property would have poorer people use that property for farming or tending grapes. These poorer people would do the work and then sell the produce, and they would give the person who owned the property a portion of what they made. If your readers would not be familiar with this kind of arrangement, make sure that your translation is clear about what is happening in the story.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The parable of the two children\n\nIn [21:28–32](../21/28.md), Jesus tells and explains a story about a man and his two children. The man asks both children to work in his vineyard. The first child says that he will not but later works there anyways. The second child says that he will but later does not work there. Jesus and the chief priest and elders agree that it was the first child who actually did what the father wanted. Jesus then explains that he is illustrating how different groups of people reacted to John the Baptist’s ministry. People who sinned much but then repented when John preached are like the first child who actually did what the father wanted. The Jewish religious leaders who did not repent when John preached are like the second child who did not actually do what the father wanted. While you should not explain the meaning more than Jesus does, make sure that your translation fits with what Jesus is illustrating. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### The parable of the vineyard\n\nIn [21:33–41](../21/33.md), Jesus tells a story about a man who planted a vineyard and rented it out to farmers. When the man sends servants to collect the rent, the farmers refuse and injure or kill the servants. When the man sends his own son, the farmers kill him as well. Jesus and the chief priests and elders agree that the man should destroy the farmers and rent the vineyard to other people. When he applies the parable in [21:42–44](../21/42.md), Jesus indicates that the Jewish religious leaders are like those farmers who will be destroyed. He also implies that the vineyard represents the people of Israel, the servants represent God’s messengers, the son represents Jesus himself, and the man who owned the vineyard represents God. While you should not explain the meaning more than Jesus does, make sure that your translation fits with what Jesus is illustrating. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### The stone\n\nIn [21:42](../21/42.md), Jesus quotes from [Psalm 118:22–23](../psa/118/22.md), which refers to a specific “stone.” In the Psalm, this stone most likely represents the king of Israel, or it perhaps represents the Israelite people in general. When Jesus refers to the stone in [21:42](../21/42.md) and [21:44](../21/44.md), he is implicitly identifying it with himself. Since the stone language comes from a quotation from the Psalms, you should preserve it in some form in your translation. Also, since Jesus does not explicitly claim to be the stone, you should keep that implicit in your translation. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to his disciples or to the Jewish leaders. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The quote from Zechariah and Isaiah in [21:5](../21/05.md)\n\nIn [21:5](../21/05.md), Matthew quotes from someone whom he calls “the prophet” ([21:4](../21/04.md)). The last three lines of the quotation are from [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md). The first line sounds somewhat like the first line of [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md), but it matches the first line of [Isaiah 62:11](../isa/62/11.md) exactly. Most likely, Matthew was thinking of both of these verses when he wrote down the quotation. If you must refer to the author of the quotation or book from which the quotation came, it is recommended that you refer to Zechariah, since most of the quotation is from that book. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])\n\n### Different versions of the parable of the two children\n\nThere are two primary versions of the parable of the two children in [21:28–31](../21/28.md):\n\n1. The first child says that he will not work in the vineyard but later does. Meanwhile, the second child says that he will work in the vineyard but does not. The chief priests and scribes say that the first child did what the father wanted.\n2. The first child says that he will work in the vineyard but does not. Meanwhile, the second child says that he will not work in the vineyard but later does. The chief priests and scribes say that the second child did what the father wanted.\n\nThe ULT and the UST are based on the first version listed above. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])\n\n## Verse 44\n\nA few manuscripts do not include anything for [21:44](../21/44.md). Many early manuscripts do include the verse. While it it possible that people added this verse because similar words appear in the same place in [Luke 20:18](../luk/20/18.md), it is more likely that this verse was accidentally omitted from a few manuscripts. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. Otherwise, since it is likely that [21:44](../21/44.md) does belong here, it is recommended that you follow the ULT by including the verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) 21:1 f8fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ ὅτε 1 Here, the phrase **And when** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “Then” 21:1 z5qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἤγγισαν & ἦλθον 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “they went near … went” @@ -3972,210 +3972,446 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 22:46 as3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἀποκριθῆναι αὐτῷ λόγον 1 Matthew is using the term **word** to mean something spoken in words. The phrase **answer him a word** refers to using words to answer Jesus’ question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to give an answer” or “to answer him in any way” 22:46 i3km rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐδὲ ἐτόλμησέν τις ἀπ’ ἐκείνης τῆς ἡμέρας ἐπερωτῆσαι αὐτὸν οὐκέτι 1 The words translated **nor** and **any longer** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “and people no longer dared from that day to question him” 22:46 a4yx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀπ’ ἐκείνης τῆς ἡμέρας 1 Here, the phrase **from that day** indicates that nobody questioned Jesus after he said what Matthew recorded in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “starting right then” or “from that moment on” -23:intro m99i 0 # Matthew 23 General Notes\n\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n\n10. Jesus teaches about the final judgment and salvation (23:1-25:46)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Hypocrites\n\nJesus calls the Pharisees “hypocrites” many times in verses13–29. He carefully explains why he calls them that. The Pharisees made rules that no one could actually obey, and then they persuaded the ordinary people that they were guilty because they could not obey those rules. Also, the Pharisees obeyed their own rules instead of obeying God’s original commands in the law of Moses.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Name-calling\n\nIn most cultures, it is wrong to insult people. The Pharisees took many of the words in this chapter as insults. Jesus called them “hypocrites,” “blind guides,” “fools,” and “serpents.” But Jesus used these words not as insults but as warnings that God would surely punish the Pharisees because they were doing wrong.\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a statement that describes two things that seemingly cannot both be true at the same time. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, “He who is greatest among you will be your servant” ([23:11-12](../23/11.md)). -23:1 skq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential τότε 1 The word translated **Then** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened after the previous event that the story described. Alternate translation: “After this,” -23:2 dnu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῆς Μωϋσέως καθέδρας ἐκάθισαν 1 Jesus is using the phrase **seat of Moses** to mean having the authority that Moses had. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have the authority that Moses had” -23:4 xce6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor δεσμεύουσιν δὲ φορτία βαρέα καὶ δυσβάστακτα, καὶ ἐπιτιθέασιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὤμους τῶν ἀνθρώπων; αὐτοὶ δὲ τῷ δακτύλῳ αὐτῶν οὐ θέλουσιν κινῆσαι αὐτά 1 Jesus is speaking as if the Pharisees were literally putting **loads, heavy and difficult to carry** on people’s **shoulders**. He means that they are making people try to obey many difficult laws. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express the meaning as a comparison. Alternate translation: “They make you obey many difficult laws as if they were binding up heavy loads and putting them on your shoulders. But they do not obey the same laws, and so it is as if they are not helping to carry those loads” +23:intro m99i 0 # Matthew 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n10. Jesus teaches about the final judgment and salvation (23:1-25:46)\n * Jesus warns his disciples against acting like the Pharisees (23:1–12)\n * Seven woes against the Pharisees and scribes (23:13–36)\n * First woe: shutting the kingdom (23:13)\n * Second woe: making proselytes (23:15)\n * Third woe: rules about swearing (23:16–22)\n * Fourth woe: tithing (23:23–24)\n * Fifth woe: cleaning inside and outside (23:25–26)\n * Sixth woe: whitewashed tombs (23:27–28)\n * Seventh woe: killing the prophets (23:29–36)\n * Lament over Jerusalem (23:37–39)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Woe\n\nSeven times in this chapter, Jesus says “woe to you.” He is speaking to the scribes and Pharisees, and he is warning them that something bad will happen to them because of how they are acting. Consider how might express such a warning in your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]])\n\n### Hypocrites\n\nSix times in this chapter, Jesus calls the scribes and Pharisees “hypocrites.” This word describes people who or claim one thing but actually do another. After calling them “hypocrites,” Jesus goes on to illustrate how they act in this way. Consider what you might call someone who says one thing but does another. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/hypocrite]])\n\n### Swearing by something\n\nIn Jesus’ culture, people would make a promise stronger by swearing by something. This means that they would call upon that thing to witness or guarantee what they promised. Jewish teachers and scholars debated which things most strongly guaranteed a promise. In [23:16–22](../23/16.md), Jesus gives his own teaching on this issue.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Being “blind”\n\nFive times in this chapter, Jesus calls scribes and Pharisees “blind.” He means that they fail to understand what is right and true. He does not mean that they are physically blind. Consider how you might express this idea in your language.\n\n### Cleaning cups and plates\n\nIn [23:25–26](../23/25.md), Jesus refers to cleaning the inside and outside of cups and plates. There are two primary ways to understand these verses. First, Jesus could be using cups and plates as a metaphor to speak about the scribes and Pharisees. In this case, he is saying that they should look righteous and also do what is righteous, just like cups and plates should be clean both on the outside and on the inside. Second, Jesus could be referring to literal cups and plates that the Pharisees use to eat food. In this case, he is saying that how they get the food that they eat from their cups and plates should be as “clean” (that is, righteously acquired) as the cups and plates are. The UST follows the first interpretation, and translation options for the second interpretation are in the notes.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to his disciples or to the Jewish leaders. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### Verse 14\n\nMost of the earliest manuscripts do not include anything for [23:14](../23/14.md). Some manuscripts include the following words: “But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you devour the houses of widows, also for a pretext praying at length. For this reason, you will receive greater judgment.” Since the earliest manuscripts do not include these words, the ULT and UST put these words in brackets. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to omit these words. If it would be helpful, you could put the words in brackets or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +23:1 skq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential τότε 1 The word translated **Then** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened soon after the previous event that Matthew has described. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces something that happened soon after something else. Alternate translation: “Right after saying those things,” +23:2 cgig rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said” +23:2 dnu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐπὶ τῆς Μωϋσέως καθέδρας ἐκάθισαν 1 Here, Jesus refers to having the authority that Moses had in teaching the law as if it were sitting **in the seat of Moses**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “taught the law as Moses did” or “succeeded Moses as teachers of our law” +23:2 mgbl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκάθισαν 1 Here, the word **sat** could imply: (1) that the scribes and the Pharisees are right or correct to sit **in the seat of Moses**. Alternate translation: “are those who sit” (2) that the scribes and the Pharisees have inappropriately **sat in the seat of Moses**. Alternate translation: “decided to sit” or “seated themselves” +23:2 isrj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ἐκάθισαν 1 Here Jesus uses the past tense to speak about something that is generally true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense is most naturally for expressing a general truth. Alternate translation: “sit” +23:3 we27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo πάντα & ὅσα ἐὰν εἴπωσιν 1 The expression **everything, as much as they say** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “everything that they say” +23:3 dh0w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ποιήσατε, καὶ τηρεῖτε 1 The terms **do** and **keep** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “obey” +23:3 qntu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result κατὰ & τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν, μὴ ποιεῖτε; λέγουσιν γὰρ καὶ οὐ ποιοῦσιν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second and third clauses give the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “they say and do not do, so do not do according to their works” +23:3 h98r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **works**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what they do” +23:3 nrk0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit λέγουσιν & καὶ οὐ ποιοῦσιν 1 Here Jesus implies that the Pharisees and scribes **say** what to do, but they themselves **do not do** what they say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they say what to do and do not do what they say” +23:3 k870 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 2 Here, the word **and** introduces what the Pharisees and scribes actually **do** in contrast with what **they say**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “but” +23:4 xce6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor δεσμεύουσιν δὲ φορτία βαρέα καὶ δυσβάστακτα, καὶ ἐπιτιθέασιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὤμους τῶν ἀνθρώπων; αὐτοὶ δὲ τῷ δακτύλῳ αὐτῶν οὐ θέλουσιν κινῆσαι αὐτά 1 Here Jesus speaks as if the scribes and Pharisees were putting **loads** on people’s **shoulders** without doing anything to help with moving those loads. He means that they tell people many things to do, some of which are hard to do, but they do not do anything to help those people do the things that they require. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they tell people many things that they need to do, which are like loads, heavy and difficult to carry, that they have tied up and put on the shoulders of these people. However, they are not willing to help these people do what what they have told them to do, as if they were not willing to move those loads with their finger” or “And they tell people many things that they need to do, but they are not willing to help these people do what what they have told them to do”\n +23:4 nexy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet βαρέα καὶ δυσβάστακτα 1 The terms **heavy** and **difficult to bear** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “very heavy ones” or “very hard to lift” +23:4 rn0r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “of men and women” +23:4 pn6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns τῷ δακτύλῳ αὐτῶν 1 If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **finger**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “with their fingers” +23:5 ad5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further,” 23:5 nw4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πρὸς τὸ θεαθῆναι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in order for men to see them” -23:5 eqai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τοῖς ἀνθρώποις 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “by people” -23:5 gcv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown φυλακτήρια 1 The term **phylacteries** describes small leather boxes containing papers with scriptures written on them. If it would be helpful, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “devotional boxes containing scriptures” -23:5 h2qj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὰ κράσπεδα 1 Here, **tassels** refers to decorative fringes that Jewish men would attach to the hems of their robes to show that they were devoted to God. Your language and culture may have a term for this igdm that you can use in your translation. +23:5 sbhp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy πρὸς τὸ θεαθῆναι 1 Here, the phrase **to be seen** refers to being recognized or praised. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to be praised” or “to be honored” +23:5 eqai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τοῖς ἀνθρώποις 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “by humans” or “by men and women” +23:5 eg9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces examples of how the scribes and Pharisees behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces examples, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “For instance,” or “To illustrate,” +23:5 gcv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πλατύνουσι & τὰ φυλακτήρια αὐτῶν 1 The word **phylacteries** refers to small leather boxes containing papers with specific scriptures written on them. Jewish men tied these boxes to their foreheads and right arms when they were praying. If it would be helpful, you could describe these boxes in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “they enlarge their devotional boxes containing scriptures” +23:5 h2qj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown μεγαλύνουσι τὰ κράσπεδα 1 The word **tassels** refers to decorative fringes that Jewish men would attach to the hems of their robes. God commanded them to wear these **tassels** (see [Numbers 15:38–39](../num/15/38.md)). If it would be helpful, you could describe these **tassels** in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “they make the tassels that God required us to wear extra long” +23:6 gnot rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὴν πρωτοκλισίαν & τὰς πρωτοκαθεδρίας 1 Here Jesus speaks of the **places** and **seats** for the most important people as if they were **first** in a sequence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the important places … the important seats” +23:6 r75a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τὴν πρωτοκλισίαν & τὰς πρωτοκαθεδρίας 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here or equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “the number one places … the number one seats” +23:7 l6qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῖς ἀγοραῖς 1 The word **marketplaces** refers to large, open-air areas where people buy and sell goods. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of area, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. See how you translated this word in [11:16](../11/16.md). Alternate translation: “the town squares” or “the parks” 23:7 cbe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καλεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, Ῥαββεί 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to have men call them ‘Rabbi’” -23:7 a7pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 See how you translated **men** in [23:5](../23/05.md). -23:8 uk5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὑμεῖς δὲ μὴ κληθῆτε 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But you should not have people call you” -23:8 wjmr rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὑμεῖς δὲ μὴ κληθῆτε Ῥαββεί; εἷς γάρ ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ καθηγητὴς, πάντες δὲ ὑμεῖς ἀδελφοί ἐστε 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since your teacher is one, and since you are all brothers, you should not be called ‘Rabbi’” -23:8 uqwi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj εἷς & ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ καθηγητὴς 1 Jesus is using the adjective **one** as a noun to mean one person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “one person is your teacher” -23:8 s5du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὑμεῖς ἀδελφοί ἐστε 1 Here, Jesus says **brothers** to be mean fellow believers. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are all fellow believers” -23:9 xcou rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result Πατέρα μὴ καλέσητε ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; εἷς γάρ ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since you have one heavenly father, you should not call any of you on the earth ‘father’” -23:9 l33f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Πατέρα μὴ καλέσητε ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; 1 Jesus says **you should not call any of you on the earth ‘father’** here as a generalization for emphasis. He is not saying that you cannot call your biological father ‘father’, but he is saying that you cannot use father as a title to honor someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “you should not call someone ‘father’ as a title to honor him” -23:9 kcrt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj εἷς & ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος 1 See how you translated **one** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “one person is your heavenly Father” -23:9 any8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος 1 **Father** is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain this title in your translation. -23:10 q59s rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result μηδὲ κληθῆτε Καθηγηταί; ὅτι καθηγητὴς ὑμῶν ἐστιν εἷς, ὁ Χριστός 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “since your teacher is one, the Christ, you should not be called ‘teacher’” -23:10 b8ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μηδὲ κληθῆτε 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should not have people call you” -23:10 lp5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person καθηγητὴς ὑμῶν ἐστιν εἷς, ὁ Χριστός 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah, am your only teacher” -23:11 d62b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ὁ & μείζων 1 Jesus is using the adjective **greatest** as a noun to mean the greatest person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the greatest person” -23:11 d9xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you ὑμῶν 1 Here, **you** is plural and refers to Jesus’ followers, so use the plural form of “you” if your language marks that distinction. -23:12 e81r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ταπεινωθήσεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will humble him” -23:12 uz88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὑψωθήσεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will exalt him” -23:13 ts6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὅτι κλείετε τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων; ὑμεῖς γὰρ οὐκ εἰσέρχεσθε, οὐδὲ τοὺς εἰσερχομένους ἀφίετε εἰσελθεῖν. 1 Jesus speaks of the **kingdom of the heavens** as if it were a house, the door into which the Pharisees have shut from the outside so that neither they nor anyone else can enter the house. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For you have made it so that men cannot live with God forever in the kingdom of the heavens. For neither you will live there, nor will you let anyone else live there” -23:13 zpfe rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐαὶ δὲ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί! ὅτι κλείετε τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since you have shut the kingdom of the heavens before men, woe to you, scribes and Pharisees!” -23:13 qjt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὅτι κλείετε τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 The words **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king from heaven. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For you have not allowed people to become people over whom God rules” -23:13 lhem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” -23:14 onan rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants 0 Some ancient manuscripts include the first part of verse 14. Other ancient manuscripts add that sentence after verse 12. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT. -23:15 xo45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ τὴν ξηρὰν 1 Jesus is describing the earth by naming its two main components. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the entire earth” -23:15 iyl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ποιῆσαι ἕνα προσήλυτον 1 Here, **to make one a proselyte** means to convince a non-Jewish person to begin practicing the Jewish religion. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to convince a non-Jewish person to practice the Jewish religion” -23:15 bq91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom υἱὸν Γεέννης 1 The expression **son of** figuratively describes a person who shares the qualities of something. Here, **a son of Gehenna** means a person who is evil and whom God will judge in hell. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “an evil person whom God will judge” -23:15 ervf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Γεέννης 1 See how you translated **Gehenna** in [5:30](../05/30.md). -23:16 r5k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁδηγοὶ τυφλοὶ 1 See how you translated **blind guides** in [15:14](../15/14.md). -23:16 bqal rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃς ἂν ὀμόσῃ ἐν τῷ ναῷ 1 When a person **swears by** something, he is calling it to be a witness to the oath that he is making. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Whoever calls the temple to be a witness to his oath” -23:16 fjic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐδέν ἐστιν 1 Here, **it is nothing** means that he is not bound to keep his oath. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he is not bound to the oath” -23:17 j71q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj μωροὶ καὶ τυφλοί 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **foolish** and **blind** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases, here and in verse 19. Alternate translation: “You foolish and blind people” -23:17 s7a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τυφλοί 1 Jesus is speaking of the scribes and Pharisees as if they were literally **blind**. He means that they are not able to recognize something in the moral realm that should be obvious. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “morally obtuse” -23:17 f9zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τίς γὰρ μείζων ἐστίν, ὁ χρυσὸς ἢ ὁ ναὸς ὁ ἁγιάσας τὸν χρυσόν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Certainly the gold is not greater than the temple that sanctifies the gold!” -23:18 t7p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐδέν ἐστιν 1 See how you translated **it is nothing** in [23:16](../23/16.md). -23:18 ngd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ δώρῳ 1 Here, **gift** is referring to an offering that is sacrificed to God on the altar. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the sacrifice” -23:19 g7qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί γὰρ μεῖζον, τὸ δῶρον, ἢ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ ἁγιάζον τὸ δῶρον? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “For the gift is certainly not greater than the alter sanctifying the gift!” -23:19 bb34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τυφλοί 1 See how you translated **blind** in [23:17](../23/17.md). Alternate translation: “morally obtuse” -23:19 fl4o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ δῶρον & τὸ δῶρον 1 See how you translated **the gift** in the previous verse. -23:21 m21b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ κατοικοῦντι αὐτόν 1 Here, **the one inhabiting it** is referring to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God, who is inhabiting it” -23:22 ejw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ καθημένῳ ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ 1 As in the previous verse, this refers to God the Father. -23:23 lg3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οὐαὶ ὑμῖν & ὑποκριταί! 1 See how you translated this in [11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “How terrible it will be for you” -23:23 n94y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸ ἡδύοσμον, καὶ τὸ ἄνηθον, καὶ τὸ κύμινον 1 These are various leaves and seeds people used to make food taste good. If your readers would not be familiar with them, in your translation you could use the name of comparable seasonings in your culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “herbs and spices” -23:23 es4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τὰ βαρύτερα 1 Jesus is using the adjective **weightier** as a noun to mean certain aspects of the law. ULT adds the word **matters** to show that. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the weightier commandments” -23:23 c8bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὰ βαρύτερα 1 Jesus is speaking as if the more important commandments in the law were literally **weightier** or heavier than the others. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the more important commandments” -23:23 m32j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ταῦτα & κἀκεῖνα 1 By **these**, Jesus means the commandments he has just mentioned, and by **those**, the means the ones he mentioned earlier. Your language may have its own way of indicating this distinction. Alternate translation: “the latter … and the former” -23:23 nn6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives κἀκεῖνα μὴ ἀφιέναι 1 If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative **not … neglect**, you can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “while also obeying the less important laws” -23:24 y84y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁδηγοὶ τυφλοί! 1 See how you translated **You blind guides** in [15:14](../15/14.md). -23:24 l7fh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οἱ διϋλίζοντες τὸν κώνωπα τὴν δὲ κάμηλον καταπίνοντες! 1 Jesus is speaking as if the scribes and Pharisees were literally **straining out** a tiny **gnat** if they found one in a drink but **swallowing** a large **camel** whole. He means that they are being careful to follow the less important laws but ignoring the more important laws. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are carefully following the less important laws but ignoring the more important laws” -23:24 whk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown κώνωπα 1 A **gnat** is a tiny flying insect. If your readers would not be familiar with what a gnat is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable insect in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a tiny insect” -23:24 g87t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὴν & κάμηλον 1 A **camel** is a large mammal that people in this culture would ride and use to carry loads. If your readers would not be familiar with what a camel is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable beast of burden in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a large beast of burden” -23:25 ru45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὅτι καθαρίζετε τὸ ἔξωθεν τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τῆς παροψίδος, ἔσωθεν δὲ γέμουσιν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς καὶ ἀκρασίας 1 Here, cleaning **the outside of the cup and of the plate** represents the Pharisees acting in such a way that people will consider them holy. When Jesus says **inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence**, he is referring the inward desires of the Pharisees. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You try to make yourselves appear righteous by doing good deeds, but in your inner being, you are greedy and self-indulgent” -23:26 lb5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun Φαρισαῖε τυφλέ 1 Jesus is not referring to a specific **Pharisee**. He is referring to every Pharisee who acts in the way he has described. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You blind Pharisees” -23:26 eoor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τυφλέ 1 See how you translated **blind** in [23:17](../23/17.md). Alternate translation: “morally obtuse” -23:26 f9p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor καθάρισον πρῶτον τὸ ἐντὸς τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τῆς παροψίδος, ἵνα γένηται καὶ τὸ ἐκτὸς αὐτῶν καθαρόν 1 See how you translated **inside of the cup and of the plate** and **outside** in in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “First make sure your inward being is righteous, and then you will genuinely appear righteous on the outside” -23:27 kry1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo παρομοιάζετε τάφοις κεκονιαμένοις & ἀκαθαρσίας 1 Here, Jesus is comparing the **scribes and Pharisees** with **whitewashed tombs**. Jesus states the plain meaning in the next verse, so you do not need to do that here. -23:27 ta1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τάφοις κεκονιαμένοις 1 The Jews would paint **tombs** white so that they would appear beautiful to people who passed by them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “tombs that someone has painted white” -23:29 tse6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δικαίων 1 Jesus is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun to mean people who are righteous. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of righteous people” -23:30 f0hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes καὶ λέγετε, εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, οὐκ ἂν ἤμεθα κοινωνοὶ αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι τῶν προφητῶν 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “You also say that if you had been in the days of your fathers, you would not have been partners with them in the blood of the prophets” -23:30 kkf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν 1 Jesus is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our ancestors” -23:30 x99m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῷ αἵματι 1 Jesus is using the word **blood ** to mean “death” by association. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the death” -23:31 l7rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων 1 Jesus may be using the term **sons** to mean descendants. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are the descendants of the ones having killed” or see next note for another possibility. -23:31 eale rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων 1 Jesus may also be using the expression **sons of** to describe people who share the qualities of something. He would be saying that the scribes and Pharisees share the quality of resistance to God that led their ancestors to kill the prophets. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are resistant to God just like your ancestors, who killed” -23:32 bpz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor καὶ ὑμεῖς πληρώσατε τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν 1 Jesus is speaking as if he wants the scribes and Pharisees literally to **fill up** a **measure** of a certain amount. This represents them completing the wicked behavior that their ancestors began when they killed the prophets. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Now you finish the sins your ancestors began when they killed the prophets” -23:32 hmsh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ ὑμεῖς πληρώσατε τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν 1 The implication is that the scribes and Pharisees would **fill up the measure** of their **fathers** by killing the greatest prophet of all, the Messiah. You can provide this information in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Now, by killing the Messiah, finish the sins your ancestors began when they killed the prophets” -23:32 vhes rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony ὑμεῖς πληρώσατε τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν 1 Even though Jesus is using an imperative form, he does not actually want the Pharisees to **fill up the measure** of their **fathers** by killing him, the Messiah. If they did that, they would not be obeying a command from him. Instead, Jesus is using a figure of speech in which he says the opposite of what he means. He does that in order to warn the scribes and Pharisees about where their attitude and behavior will lead if they do not change those things. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You should be very concerned, because if you do not stop resisting God, you will finish the sins of your ancestors by killing the Messiah” -23:33 va5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν 1 The terms **serpents** and **vipers** mean similar things. Both are names of poisonous snakes. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single expression. Alternate translation: “poisonous snakes” -23:33 cfj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν 1 Jesus is speaking of the scribes and Pharisees as if they were literally **serpents** and **offspring of vipers**. He means that they are evil. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You evil people” -23:33 blv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν 1 The expression **offspring of** figuratively describes a person who shares the qualities of something. In this case, **vipers** represent evil or harmful people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you who are harmful like vipers” -23:33 vi6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς φύγητε ἀπὸ τῆς κρίσεως τῆς Γεέννης? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You will certainly not escape from the judgment of Gehenna” -23:33 u1ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Γεέννης 1 See how you translated **Gehenna** in [5:30](../05/30.md). -23:35 l7ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἔλθῃ ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς 1 Jesus is speaking as if the **blood** of **righteous** people would literally **come upon** the scribes and Pharisees. He means that God would consider them guilty of shedding this blood. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God might consider you guilty for shedding” -23:35 h5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy αἷμα δίκαιον ἐκχυννόμενον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς & τοῦ αἵματος & τοῦ αἵματος 1 Jesus is using the word **blood** to mean murder by association. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the guilt for all of the murders of righteous people on the earth … the murder … the murder” -23:35 espy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy αἷμα δίκαιον 1 Jesus is speaking by association as if the **blood** of righteous people were **righteous** itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the blood of righteous people” -23:35 z95g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος Ἂβελ τοῦ δικαίου, ἕως τοῦ αἵματος Ζαχαρίου, ὃν ἐφονεύσατε μεταξὺ τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου 1 **Abel** was the first righteous victim of murder and **Zechariah**, who was murdered by Jews in the temple, was the last righteous person whose murder was recorded in the Hebrew Scriptures in the order in which the Jews of this time likely read them. Jesus is using these first and last men to represent all the righteous people who have been murdered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all throughout human history” -23:35 s11l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὃν ἐφονεύσατε 1 By using the term **you**, Jesus is speaking as if the scribes and Pharisees he is addressing had killed **Zechariah**, but he means by association that their ancestors killed him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whom your ancestors killed” -23:37 xuj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Ἰερουσαλὴμ, Ἰερουσαλήμ, ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα 1 Jesus is using the term **Jerusalem** to mean the people who live in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, the ones killing” -23:37 vne9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Ἰερουσαλὴμ, Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 Jesus is figuratively addressing something that he knows cannot hear him, the city of Jerusalem, in order to show his listeners in a strong way how he feels about it. If it would be more natural in your language, you could show in your translation that Jesus is talking about Jerusalem rather than to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I am very upset with the city of Jerusalem” -23:37 tz4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that God did it. Alternate translation: “the ones whom God sent to you” -23:37 t9y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὰ τέκνα σου 1 Jesus is speaking as if Jerusalem had **children**. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who live in you” -23:37 xv4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὃν τρόπον ὄρνις ἐπισυνάγει τὰ νοσσία αὐτῆς ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας 1 The point of this comparison is that Jesus wishes he could comfort and protect the people of Jerusalem, just as a **hen** does that for her **chicks**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “the way a hen gathers her chicks under her wings to comfort and protect them” -23:37 as8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ὄρνις 1 A **hen** is a female chicken. You could translate this with the name of a bird familiar in your culture that protects her chicks under her wing. -23:38 e5sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν ἔρημος 1 Jesus is using the past tense in order to refer to something that will happen in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “your house will be left to you desolate” -23:38 ck2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν 1 Jesus is speaking of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a **house** in which its people lived. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your city” -23:39 ig61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου! 1 See how you translated **in the name of** in [21:9](../21/09.md). -24:intro h2a2 0 # Matthew 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Jesus begins to prophesy about the future from that time until he returns as king of everything. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “The end of the age”\n\nIn this chapter, Jesus gives an answer to his disciples when they ask how they will know when he will come again. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalyptic]])\n\n### The example of Noah\n\nIn the time of Noah, God sent a great flood to punish people for their sins. He warned them many times about this coming flood, but it actually began suddenly. In this chapter, Jesus draws a comparison between that flood and the last days. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important translation issues in this chapter\n\n### “Let”\n\nThe ULT uses this word to begin several commands of Jesus, such as “let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains” (24:16), “let him who is on the housetop not go down to take anything out of his house” (24:17), and “let him who is in the field not return to take his cloak” (24:18). There are many different ways to form a command. Translators may select the most natural ways in their own languages.\n\n### “The one”\n\nSeveral times in this chapter, Jesus speaks of “the one” who does a certain thing. (Matthew himself uses that phrase in verse 15.) This phrase does not refer to a specific person. It refers to anyone who performs the action that it names. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. For example, in verse 13, Jesus says that “the one having endured to the end, he will be saved.” You might say that “whoever endures to the end will be saved.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -24:1 ke79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ 1 Here, **temple** is referring to the courtyard around the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that in your translation. Alternate translation: “from the courtyard of the temple” -24:2 mh5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐ βλέπετε ταῦτα πάντα 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge his disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Certainly you see all of these things!” -24:2 ecdz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐ μὴ ἀφεθῇ ὧδε λίθος ἐπὶ λίθον, ὃς οὐ καταλυθήσεται 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form, and you could state who will do the action. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will not leave one stone upon another here, but will tear them down” -24:3 e1is rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς σῆς παρουσίας, καὶ συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Here, **your coming** refers to when Jesus will come in power, establishing God’s reign on earth and bringing this **age** to an end. Alternate translation: “that you are about to come and reign in power and that the world is about to end” -24:3 uf7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns καθημένου & αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ὄρους τῶν Ἐλαιῶν, προσῆλθον αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ 1 Here, the pronouns **he** and **him** refer to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “as Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples approached Jesus” -24:3 pudy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes προσῆλθον αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ κατ’ ἰδίαν λέγοντες, εἰπὲ ἡμῖν πότε ταῦτα ἔσται, καὶ τί τὸ σημεῖον τῆς σῆς παρουσίας, καὶ συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος? 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “the disciples came to him by themselves asked Jesus to tell them when these things would be and what would be the sign of his coming and the end of the age” -24:4 s64s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor βλέπετε μή τις ὑμᾶς πλανήσῃ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [22:29](../22/29.md). Alternate translation: “Be careful that no one deceives you” -24:4-5 q6q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result βλέπετε μή τις ὑμᾶς πλανήσῃ. πολλοὶ γὰρ ἐλεύσονται ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου λέγοντες, ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Χριστός; καὶ πολλοὺς πλανήσουσιν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since many will come in my name saying, ‘I am the Christ,’ and will lead many astray, you ought to be careful not to be led astray” -24:5 w7i0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes πολλοὶ γὰρ ἐλεύσονται ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου λέγοντες, ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Χριστός; καὶ πολλοὺς πλανήσουσιν 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For many will come in my name saying that they are the Christ, and they will lead many people astray” -24:5 lq71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου 1 Here, Jesus uses the word **name** to mean identity. The people he is talking about will likely not say that their name is Jesus, they will claim to be the Messiah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “claiming to be me” -24:5 twh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πλανήσουσιν 1 See how you translated the similar expression in the previous verse. -24:6 pgdl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μελλήσετε & ἀκούειν πολέμους, καὶ ἀκοὰς πολέμων 1 This probably means implicitly that the disciples will hear about wars that are definitely happening and about wars that may be happening (**reports of wars**). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “you are going to hear about wars that are definitely happening and about wars that may be happening” -24:6 hdz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁρᾶτε, μὴ θροεῖσθε 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let these things trouble you” -24:6 fvq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ τέλος 1 Here, **the end** implicitly means “the end of the world.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly, as the UST models. -24:7 ygf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἐγερθήσεται γὰρ ἔθνος ἐπὶ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Jesus is likely using repetition for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine these two phrases into one phrase. Alternate translation: “Different groups of people will attack each other” -24:7 xuow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐγερθήσεται & ἔθνος ἐπὶ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν 1 Here, **nation** and **kingdom** represent the people who live within them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of one nation will rise up against the people of another nation, and the people of one kingdom against the people of another kingdom” -24:7 tc4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ἐγερθήσεται & ἔθνος ἐπὶ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν 1 The word **kingdom** represents kingdoms in general, not one particular kingdom. The word **nation** represents nations in general, not one particular nation. Alternate translation: “some nations will attack other nations, and some kingdoms will attack other kingdoms” -24:7 fmy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐγερθήσεται & ἐπὶ 1 The phrase **rise against** is an idiom that means to attack. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “will attack” -24:7 xo7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “kingdom will rise up against kingdom” -24:8 cnrt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πάντα δὲ ταῦτα 1 Here, **all these things** refers to the things that Jesus has said will happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “These things that I have just described” -24:8 q4gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀρχὴ ὠδίνων 1 Jesus uses the image of **birth pains** to indicate that in the same way that the pain of childbirth is eventually replaced by joy when the child is born, so the suffering that is experienced by true believers will eventually be replaced by joy when Christ returns. Because childbirth occurs in all cultures, you may wish to retain this metaphor in your translation. You could express it as a simile if your language would not say directly that **these things** are **birth pangs**. Alternate translation: “These events will be like the first pains a woman suffers when she is about to give birth to a child” -24:9 uw1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 See how you translated **nations** in [24:7](../24/07.md). -24:9 nsh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People from every nation will hate you” -24:9 u2bd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 See how you translated **my name** in [24:5](../24/05.md). Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because you believe in me” -24:10 kvbw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σκανδαλισθήσονται πολλοὶ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “these hardships will cause many people to stumble” -24:10 a4yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σκανδαλισθήσονται πολλοὶ 1 Here, **to stumble** means to stop believing in God. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “many people will stop believing in God” -24:11 fo6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐγερθήσονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will rise up” -24:11 mi2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐγερθήσονται 1 Here, **will be raised up** is an idiom that means “will come.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will come” -24:11 tjb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor καὶ πλανήσουσιν πολλούς 1 See how you translated **lead … astray** in [24:4](../24/04.md). +23:7 a7pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women” +23:8 l2rj rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus wants his disciples to do in contrast to what the scribes and the Pharisees do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” or “Unlike them,” +23:8 awdk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὑμεῖς & μὴ κληθῆτε Ῥαββεί; εἷς γάρ ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ καθηγητὴς, πάντες δὲ ὑμεῖς ἀδελφοί ἐστε 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second and third clauses give the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “one is your teacher, and you are all brothers, so you should not be called ‘Rabbi’” +23:8 uk5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὑμεῖς & μὴ κληθῆτε 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “you should not have people call you” +23:8 uqwi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj εἷς 1 Jesus is using the adjective **one** as a noun to mean one person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “one person” +23:8 wjmr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἷς 1 Here Jesus implies that the **one** teacher whom they have is he himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “one, by which I mean me,” +23:8 s5du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀδελφοί 1 Jesus is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fellow disciples” +23:8 zpe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this. +23:9 xcou rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result Πατέρα μὴ καλέσητε ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; εἷς γάρ ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “since one is your heavenly Father, you should not call anyone on the earth your father” +23:9 l33f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Πατέρα μὴ καλέσητε ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; 1 Here, Jesus is referring to using the title **father** for someone who is not one’s actual father. In his culture, this was a way to honor someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you should not call anyone on the earth your father out of respect for him” +23:9 any8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἷς & ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος 1 Here Jesus means that only **one** person deserves the honorary title **father**, and that is God, **your heavenly Father**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you should only call one your father, your heavenly Father” +23:9 kcrt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj εἷς 1 Jesus is using the adjective **one** as a noun to mean one person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “one person” +23:9 cwhv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὑμῶν ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος 1 This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “your heavenly Father, God” +23:10 q59s rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result μηδὲ κληθῆτε Καθηγηταί; ὅτι καθηγητὴς ὑμῶν ἐστιν εἷς, ὁ Χριστός 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “And since your teacher is one, the Christ, you should not be called ‘teacher’” +23:10 b8ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μηδὲ κληθῆτε 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you should not have people call you” +23:10 ofbq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj εἷς 1 Jesus is using the adjective **one** as a noun to mean one person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “one person” +23:10 lp5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὁ Χριστός 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “I, the Christ” +23:11 hpmr rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus wants his disciples to do in contrast to being called Rabbi, father, or teacher. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Instead,” or “Rather,” +23:11 d62b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ὁ & μείζων 1 Jesus is using the adjective **greatest** as a noun to mean the greatest person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the greatest person” +23:11 d9xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative ἔσται 1 Jesus is using the future form to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea using a form that expresses a command or obligation. Alternate translation: “should be” or “has to be” +23:12 qcw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next thing, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” +23:12 e81r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ταπεινωθήσεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will humble” +23:12 qg2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἑαυτὸν -1 Although the term **himself** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “himself or herself … himself or herself” +23:12 uz88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὑψωθήσεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will exalt” +23:13 t935 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,” +23:13 lid1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐαὶ & ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί! ὅτι κλείετε τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων; ὑμεῖς γὰρ οὐκ εἰσέρχεσθε, οὐδὲ τοὺς εἰσερχομένους ἀφίετε εἰσελθεῖν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second and third sentences give the reason for the result that the first sentence describes. Alternate translation: “you, scribes and Pharisees, shut the kingdom of the heavens in front of men. You do not enter in, nor do you permit the ones entering to enter. So woe to you, hypocrites!” +23:13 ts6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὅτι κλείετε τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων; ὑμεῖς γὰρ οὐκ εἰσέρχεσθε, οὐδὲ τοὺς εἰσερχομένους ἀφίετε εἰσελθεῖν. 1 Here Jesus speaks of the **kingdom of the heavens** as if it were a house that the scribes and Pharisees have **shut** so that neither they nor anyone else can **enter in**. Jesus means that they prevent themselves and others from participating in the kingdom. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For you shut the kingdom of the heavens in front of men as if it a house. For you are not part of the kingdom, nor do you allow others to be part of it” or “For you keep people from being part of the kingdom of the heavens. You are not part of it, and and you block people who do want to be part of it” +23:13 lhem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women” +23:13 zpfe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς εἰσερχομένους & εἰσελθεῖν 1 Here Jesus could be referring: (1) to people who want to enter into the kingdom. Alternate translation: “to enter the ones wanting to enter” (2) to people who are in the process of entering into the kingdom. Alternate translation: “to enter the ones having already begun to enter” +23:14 onan rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants οὐαὶ δὲ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί! ὅτι κατεσθίετε τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶν, καὶ προφάσει μακρὰ προσευχόμενοι. διὰ τοῦτο λήμψεσθε περισσότερον κρίμα 1 See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to include this verse in your translation. The notes below discuss translation issues in this verse, for those who decide to include it. +23:14 ikcf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,” +23:14 y6yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐαὶ & ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί! ὅτι κατεσθίετε τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶν, καὶ προφάσει μακρὰ προσευχόμενοι. διὰ τοῦτο λήμψεσθε περισσότερον κρίμα 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second and third sentences give the reason for the result that the first sentence describes. Alternate translation: “you, scribes and Pharisees, devour the houses of widows, and for a pretext praying at length. For this reason, you will receive greater judgment. So woe to you, hypocrites!” +23:14 o1zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor κατεσθίετε τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶν 1 Here Jesus speaks as if the scribes and Pharisees were devouring or eating **the houses of widows**. He means that they are taking the **houses** away from the **widows**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you take the houses of widows” or “you defraud widows of their houses” +23:14 u45k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶν 1 Jesus speaks of **the houses of widows** to mean their wealth and possessions, which they would have in their **houses**. If it would be helpful in your language, you state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everything that widows own” +23:14 qn1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προφάσει 1 Here, the phrase **for a pretext** could mean: (1) that the scribes and Pharisees are using long prayers to try to look godly. Alternate translation: “in order to seem godly” (2) that the scribes are Pharisees are using their long prayers to hide or cover up how they **devour the houses of widows**. Alternate translation: “to cover that up” or “to disguise what they do” +23:14 puiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns διὰ τοῦτο 1 The pronoun **this** refers to how the scribes and Pharisees **devour** widows’ houses while they are also **praying at length**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Because you do those things” +23:14 xv95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns λήμψεσθε περισσότερον κρίμα 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you will be judged more severely” +23:14 x0c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περισσότερον κρίμα 1 Here Jesus implies that these scribes and Pharisees **will receive greater judgment** than they would have if they had not pretended to be godly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you will receive greater judgment than people who do not pretend to be godly” +23:15 pfpq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί! ὅτι περιάγετε τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ τὴν ξηρὰν ποιῆσαι ἕνα προσήλυτον, καὶ ὅταν γένηται, ποιεῖτε αὐτὸν υἱὸν Γεέννης διπλότερον ὑμῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second sentence gives the reason for the result that the first sentence describes. Alternate translation: “You, scribes and Pharisees, go around the sea and the dry land to make one proselyte, and when he becomes one, you make him twice as much a son of Gehenna as you. So woe to you, hypocrites!” +23:15 xo45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ τὴν ξηρὰν 1 Jesus is referring to all of the earth by naming its two main components. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the entire earth” +23:15 iyl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἕνα προσήλυτον 1 A **proselyte** is a non-Jewish person who converts to Judaism. If your readers would not be familiar with the meaning of this term, you could refer to a similar phenomenon in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “one convert to Judaism” +23:15 uo8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations γένηται & αὐτὸν υἱὸν 1 Although the terms **he**, **him**, and **son** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person becomes one … him or her … a child” +23:15 mj95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit υἱὸν Γεέννης διπλότερον ὑμῶν 1 Here Jesus uses the phrase **twice as much** to indicate that the person is even more **a son of Gehenna** than the scribes and Pharisees. He does not mean that the person is exactly twice **a son of Gehenna**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “even more a son of Gehenna than you are” +23:15 bq91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom υἱὸν Γεέννης 1 The expression **a son of Gehenna** refers to a person who will end up in **Gehenna**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person who will end up in Gehenna” or “a person who belongs in Gehenna” +23:15 ervf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Γεέννης 1 Here Jesus uses the name **Gehenna** to refer to hell. The valley named **Gehenna** was outside the city of Jerusalem and was a place where people threw out and burned garbage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [18:9](../18/09.md). Alternate translation: “of a place like the valley of Gehenna” or “of hell, which is like Gehenna valley,” +23:16 s9y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, ὁδηγοὶ τυφλοὶ, οἱ λέγοντες, ὃς ἂν ὀμόσῃ ἐν τῷ ναῷ, οὐδέν ἐστιν; ὃς δ’ ἂν ὀμόσῃ ἐν τῷ χρυσῷ τοῦ ναοῦ ὀφείλει 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the rest of the sentence gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “you, who are blind guides, say, ‘Whoever swears by the temple, it is nothing. But whoever swears by the gold of the temple, he is obligated.’ So woe to you!” +23:16 r5k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁδηγοὶ τυφλοὶ 1 Here, Jesus speaks of the scribes and Pharisees as if they were **blind guides**. He means that they do not know what is right, but they teach people anyways, even though what they teach is wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase in [15:14](../15/14.md). Alternate translation: “who are like blind guides” or “who teach people what is wrong” +23:16 j1hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes οἱ λέγοντες, ὃς ἂν ὀμόσῃ ἐν τῷ ναῷ, οὐδέν ἐστιν; ὃς δ’ ἂν ὀμόσῃ ἐν τῷ χρυσῷ τοῦ ναοῦ ὀφείλει 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “the ones saying that whoever swears by the temple, it is nothing, but whoever swears by the gold of the temple, he is obligated” +23:16 fjic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐδέν ἐστιν 1 Here, the phrase **it is nothing** means that the person is not bound to keep the oath. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “that person is not obligated to keep the oath” +23:16 kbv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῷ χρυσῷ τοῦ ναοῦ 1 Here, Jesus could be using the possessive form to describe **gold** that: (1) decorates **the temple**. Alternate translation: “the gold that decorates the temple” (2) makes up the vessels and tools used in **the temple**. Alternate translation: “the gold vessels in the temple” +23:16 bukr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὀφείλει 1 Here, the phrase **he is obligated** indicates that the person is bound to keep the oath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he is obligated to keep the oath” +23:16 q1sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ὀφείλει 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “he or she is obligated” +23:17 j71q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj μωροὶ καὶ τυφλοί 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **Foolish and blind** as nouns to mean foolish and blind people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “You foolish and blind people” +23:17 stqc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet μωροὶ καὶ τυφλοί 1 The terms **Foolish** and **blind** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Blind ones” or “Very foolish” +23:17 s7a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τυφλοί 1 Here, Jesus speaks of the scribes and Pharisees as if they were **blind**. He means that they do not know what is right. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the word **blind** in [23:16](../23/16.md). Alternate translation: “like blind people” or “not knowing what is right” +23:17 ujjf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of why the teaching of the Pharisees about oaths is wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Think about this:” or “You should know this:” +23:17 f9zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τίς & μείζων ἐστίν, ὁ χρυσὸς ἢ ὁ ναὸς ὁ ἁγιάσας τὸν χρυσόν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “the temple having sanctified the gold is greater than the gold.” or “Certainly the gold is not greater than the temple that sanctifies the gold!” +23:18 i7mm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes καί, ὃς ἂν ὀμόσῃ ἐν τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ, οὐδέν ἐστιν; ὃς δ’ ἂν ὀμόσῃ ἐν τῷ δώρῳ τῷ ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ ὀφείλει. 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And you say that whoever swears by the altar, it is nothing, but whoever swears by the gift on top of the altar, he is obligated” +23:18 lxw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations καί 1 Here Jesus uses the word **And** to introduce something else that the scribes and Pharisees say. If you keep the direct quotation in this verse, consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “And you also say” +23:18 t7p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐδέν ἐστιν 1 Here, the phrase **it is nothing** means that the person is not bound to keep the oath. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated the same clause in [23:16](../23/16.md). Alternate translation: “that person is not obligated to keep the oath” +23:18 ngd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ δώρῳ 1 Here, the word **gift** refers to an offering that is sacrificed to God on the **altar**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what is offered” or “the offering” +23:18 ibmu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὀφείλει 1 Here, the phrase **he is obligated** indicates that the person is bound to keep the oath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated the same clause in [23:16](../23/16.md). Alternate translation: “he is obligated to keep the oath” +23:18 y9c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ὀφείλει 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “he or she is obligated” +23:19 ryam rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj μωροὶ καὶ τυφλοί 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **Foolish and blind** as nouns to mean foolish and blind people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. See how you expressed the idea in [23:17](../23/17.md). Alternate translation: “You foolish and blind people” +23:19 xg9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet μωροὶ καὶ τυφλοί 1 The terms **Foolish** and **blind** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. See how you expressed the idea in [23:17](../23/17.md). Alternate translation: “Blind ones” or “Very foolish” +23:19 bb34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τυφλοί 1 Here, Jesus speaks of the scribes and Pharisees as if they were **blind**. He means that they do not know what is right. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [23:17](../23/17.md). Alternate translation: “like blind people” or “not knowing what is right” +23:19 k3om rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of why the teaching of the Pharisees about oaths is wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. See how you expressed the idea in [23:17](../23/17.md). Alternate translation: “Think about this:” or “You should know this:” +23:19 g7qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί & μεῖζον, τὸ δῶρον, ἢ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ ἁγιάζον τὸ δῶρον? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “the altar sanctifying the gift is greater than the gift.” or “Certainly the gift is not greater than the altar that sanctifies the gift!” +23:19 fl4o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ δῶρον & τὸ δῶρον 1 Here, the word **gift** refers to an offering that is sacrificed to God on the **altar**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated this word in [23:18](../23/18.md). Alternate translation: “what is offered … what is offered” or “the offering … the offering” +23:20 ezzk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces an inference from the implied answer to Jesus’ question in [23:19](../23/19.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces this kind of inference. Alternate translation: “Since the altar is greater” or “Because of that” +23:20 ze6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πᾶσι τοῖς ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ 1 Here Jesus is referring to the gifts that he has previously mentioned. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all the gifts that are on top of it” +23:21 m21b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ κατοικοῦντι αὐτόν 1 Here, the phrase **the one inhabiting it** refers to God, who is specially present in the **temple**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the one inhabiting it, God” +23:22 y0kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction τῷ καθημένῳ ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ 1 When someone sits on a throne, it indicates that this person is ruling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the meaning of this action. Alternate translation: “the one sitting on it as king” or “the one reigning from it” +23:22 ejw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ καθημένῳ ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **the one sitting on it** refers to God, who rules from the **throne**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the one sitting on it, God” +23:23 lg3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί! ὅτι ἀποδεκατοῦτε τὸ ἡδύοσμον, καὶ τὸ ἄνηθον, καὶ τὸ κύμινον, καὶ ἀφήκατε τὰ βαρύτερα τοῦ νόμου: τὴν κρίσιν, καὶ τὸ ἔλεος, καὶ τὴν πίστιν & ταῦτα δὲ ἔδει ποιῆσαι, κἀκεῖνα μὴ ἀφιέναι 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second and third sentences give the reason for the result that the first sentence describes. Alternate translation: “You, scribes and Pharisees, tithe the mint and the dill and the cumin, but you have neglected the weightier things of the law—justice and mercy and faith. But it was necessary to do these and those not to neglect. So woe to you, hypocrites!” +23:23 lb9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀποδεκατοῦτε τὸ ἡδύοσμον, καὶ τὸ ἄνηθον, καὶ τὸ κύμινον 1 Here Jesus refers to tithing **mint**, **dill**, and **cumin** because he wants to show that the scribes and Pharisees carefully **tithe** even the most insignificant things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you tithe even insignificant things like mint and dill and cumin” +23:23 n94y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸ ἡδύοσμον, καὶ τὸ ἄνηθον, καὶ τὸ κύμινον 1 These are the names of plants. People put just a little bit of their leaves or seeds into their food to give it flavor. If your readers would not know what **mint**, **dill**, and **cumin** are, you could refer to similar plants that they would know, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the plants that you use to season your food” or “your garden herbs” +23:23 c8bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὰ βαρύτερα 1 Jesus is speaking as if the more important commandments in the law were literally **weightier** or heavier than others. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the more significant things” +23:23 er3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν κρίσιν, καὶ τὸ ἔλεος, καὶ τὴν πίστιν 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **justice**, **mercy**, and **faith**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “to act justly and mercifully and faithfully” +23:23 m32j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ταῦτα & κἀκεῖνα 1 The pronoun **these** refers to doing **justice and mercy and faith**. The pronoun **those** refers to tithing **the mint and the dill and the cumin**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to doing those things more directly. Alternate translation: “the latter and the former” or “justice, mercy, and faith and tithing”\n +23:23 nn6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives κἀκεῖνα μὴ ἀφιέναι 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative word **neglect**. Alternate translation: “those also to do” +23:24 y84y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὁδηγοὶ τυφλοί! 1 Here, Jesus speaks of the scribes and Pharisees as if they were **blind guides**. He means that they do not know what is right, but they teach people anyways, even though what they teach is wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase in [23:16](../23/16.md). Alternate translation: “You who are like blind guides” or “You who teach people what is wrong” +23:24 l7fh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οἱ διϋλίζοντες τὸν κώνωπα τὴν δὲ κάμηλον καταπίνοντες! 1 Here Jesus speaks as if the scribes and Pharisees were **straining out** a tiny **gnat** if they found one in a drink but **swallowing** a large **camel** whole without noticing it. He means that they are being careful to follow the less important laws but failing to notice that they were not following the more important laws. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who are like a person who strains a gnat out of a drink but swallows a camel” or “the ones carefully obeying the less significant laws but failing to obey the more significant laws” +23:24 whk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸν κώνωπα 1 A **gnat** is a tiny flying insect. If your readers would not be familiar with what a gnat is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable insect in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the mosquito” or “the tiny insect” +23:25 bdil rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί! ὅτι καθαρίζετε τὸ ἔξωθεν τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τῆς παροψίδος, ἔσωθεν δὲ γέμουσιν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς καὶ ἀκρασίας 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second sentence gives the reason for the result that the first sentence describes. Alternate translation: “You, scribes and Pharisees, clean the outside of the cup and of the plate, but inside they are full of greed and lack of self-control. So woe to you, hypocrites!” +23:25 ru45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor καθαρίζετε τὸ ἔξωθεν τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τῆς παροψίδος, ἔσωθεν δὲ γέμουσιν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς καὶ ἀκρασίας 1 Here Jesus speaks of the scribes and Pharisees as if they were a **cup** and a **plate**. When he says that they **clean the outside** of these dishes, he means that they make sure that they appear to be doing what is right. When he says that **inside** the dishes are **full of greed and lack of self-control**, he means that they are **full of** these things. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are like cups and plates whose outside you clean but whose inside is dirty, just as you are full of greed and lack of self-control” or “on the outside you look like you do what is right, but on the inside you are full of greed and lack of self-control” +23:25 trxf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τῆς παροψίδος 1 A **cup** is a dish from which people drink. A **plate** is a dish on which food is served. If your readers would not be familiar with these types of dishes, you could use the names of similar things in your area or you could use more general terms. Alternate translation: “of the glass and of the bowl” or “of eating utensils” +23:25 r3xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit γέμουσιν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς καὶ ἀκρασίας 1 Here Jesus could mean that the **cup** and **plate**: (1) figuratively have **greed and self-indulgence** inside them. Alternate translation: “they are characterized by greed and lack of self-control” (2) are **full of** what the scribes and Pharisees gained through **greed and lack of self-control**. Alternate translation: “they are full of what you took through greed and lack of self-control” +23:25 a0b5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns γέμουσιν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς καὶ ἀκρασίας 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **greed** and **self-control**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “they are characterized by being greedy and not controlling themselves” +23:26 lb5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun Φαρισαῖε τυφλέ 1 Jesus is not referring to a specific **Pharisee**. He is referring to every Pharisee who acts in the way he has described. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in plural form or in another way. If you use the plural form, make sure that you express the commands in this verse in plural form. Alternate translation: “Blind Pharisees” +23:26 eoor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Φαρισαῖε τυφλέ 1 Here, Jesus speaks as if this **Pharisee** were **blind**. He means that he does not know what is right. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the word **blind** in [23:17](../23/17.md). Alternate translation: “You, Pharisee, are like a blind person” or “You, Pharisee, do not know what is right” +23:26 f9p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor καθάρισον πρῶτον τὸ ἐντὸς τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τῆς παροψίδος, ἵνα γένηται καὶ τὸ ἐκτὸς αὐτῶν καθαρόν 1 Here Jesus continues to speak of the scribes and Pharisees as if they were a **cup** and a **plate**. He means that they should actually do what is right, and then they will also appear to be doing what is right. See how you expressed the similar ideas in [23:25](../23/25.md). Alternate translation: “you should be like cups and plates whose inside is clean so that their outside is also clean” or “Actually do what is right, and then you will also look like you do what is right” +23:26 eik9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular καθάρισον 1 Since Jesus is addressing one **Pharisee**, the command here is singular. However, if you refer to plural Pharisees as an earlier note suggested, you should use the plural form here. +23:26 u8mc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ ἐντὸς 1 Here, much as in [23:25](../23/25.md), the word **inside** could refer to: (1) the inside of the dishes themselves. Alternate translation: “the inside parts” (2) what the dishes have inside them. Alternate translation: “what is inside” +23:26 jvkb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τῆς παροψίδος 1 See how you translated the words **cup** and **plate** in [23:25](../23/25.md). Alternate translation: “of the glass and of the bowl” or “of eating utensils” +23:27 vwlv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί! ὅτι παρομοιάζετε τάφοις κεκονιαμένοις, οἵτινες ἔξωθεν μὲν φαίνονται ὡραῖοι, ἔσωθεν δὲ γέμουσιν ὀστέων νεκρῶν καὶ πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second sentence gives the reason for the result that the first sentence describes. Alternate translation: “You, scribes and Pharisees, are like whitewashed tombs, which on the outside appear beautiful, but on the inside are full of bones of the dead and all uncleanness. So woe to you, hypocrites!” +23:27 kry1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile παρομοιάζετε τάφοις κεκονιαμένοις, οἵτινες ἔξωθεν μὲν φαίνονται ὡραῖοι, ἔσωθεν δὲ γέμουσιν ὀστέων νεκρῶν καὶ πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας 1 Here, Jesus compares the **scribes and Pharisees** with **whitewashed tombs**. He explains the meaning of the comparison in the next verse, so you should not explain it here. +23:27 ta1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τάφοις κεκονιαμένοις 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would paint **tombs** white so that they would appear beautiful to people who passed by. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “tombs that someone has covered in white paint” +23:27 v5hi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj νεκρῶν 1 Jesus is using the adjective **dead** as a noun to mean people who are dead. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of the dead people” or “of the corpses” +23:27 ccq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uncleanness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “are very unclean” +23:28 vj63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τοῖς ἀνθρώποις 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “to men and women” +23:28 wln0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μεστοὶ ὑποκρίσεως καὶ ἀνομίας 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **hypocrisy** and **lawlessness**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “very hypocritical and lawless” +23:29 adhc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί! ὅτι οἰκοδομεῖτε τοὺς τάφους τῶν προφητῶν, καὶ κοσμεῖτε τὰ μνημεῖα τῶν δικαίων 1 Here the first sentence describes a result for which the second sentence and the following verses give the reasons for. You could reverse the order of these sentences, but then you would need to create a long verse bridge. If possible, preserve the order of the sentences. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase to indicate that the second and following sentences give the reason for the first sentence. Alternate translation: “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees! You are hypocrites. I say that because you build the tombs of the prophets and decorate the tombs of the righteous” +23:29 rl5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἰκοδομεῖτε τοὺς τάφους τῶν προφητῶν, καὶ κοσμεῖτε τὰ μνημεῖα τῶν δικαίων 1 When the scribes and Pharisees **build the tombs of the prophets and decorate the tombs of the righteous**, they are honoring important people who have died. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you build the tombs of the prophets to honor them, and you decorate the tombs of the righteous to show them respect” +23:29 tse6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δικαίων 1 Jesus is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun to mean people who are righteous. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of righteous people” +23:30 f0hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes λέγετε, εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, οὐκ ἂν ἤμεθα κοινωνοὶ αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι τῶν προφητῶν 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you say that if you had been in the days of your fathers, you would not have been sharers with them in the blood of the prophets.” +23:30 jhxd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, οὐκ ἂν ἤμεθα κοινωνοὶ αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι τῶν προφητῶν 1 Here Jesus quotes the scribes and Pharisees using an imaginary situation to show that they would not have participated in killing the prophets. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Imagine that we were in the days of our fathers. In that situation, we would not have been sharers with them in the blood of the prophets” +23:30 gtt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 Here, the phrase **in the days** refers to a specific period of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “during the times” +23:30 kkf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν 1 Here, the word **fathers** refers to ancestors, not direct fathers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar phrase or plain language. Alternate translation: “of our forefathers” +23:30 x99m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῷ αἵματι τῶν προφητῶν 1 Here, **blood** represents death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “killing the prophets” or “the death of the prophets” +23:31 q010 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὥστε 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces an inference or conclusion based on what Jesus said that the Pharisees and scribes say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an inference or conclusion, or you could leave **Therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In saying that,” or “So then,” +23:31 l7rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων 1 Here, the phrase **sons** means male descendants. It does not mean that the scribes and Pharisees are the direct sons of the people who killed the prophets. In this case, the expression **sons of** also indicates that the **sons** are similar to their ancestors. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are like your ancestors, the ones having killed” or “you are descended from and much like the ones having killed” +23:32 bpz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor καὶ ὑμεῖς πληρώσατε τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν 1 Jesus is speaking as if he wants the scribes and Pharisees literally to **fill up** a **measure** of a certain amount. This represents them completing the wicked behavior that their **fathers** began when they killed the prophets. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you, finish doing the evil things that your fathers started” +23:32 vhes rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony πληρώσατε τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν 1 Here Jesus commands the opposite of what he wants in order to make a point. He means that they should carefully consider the consequences if they do **fill up the measure** of their **fathers**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “consider whether you really want to fill up the measure of your fathers” or “perhaps you should not fill up the measure of your fathers”\n +23:32 it8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν 1 Here, the word **fathers** refers to ancestors, not direct fathers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar phrase or plain language. Alternate translation: “of your forefathers” +23:33 va5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν 1 The terms **serpents** and **offspring of vipers** both refer to poisonous snakes. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single expression. Alternate translation: “Poisonous snakes” +23:33 blv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν 1 Here Jesus speaks of the scribes and Pharisees as if they were **serpents** and **offspring of vipers**. He means that they are evil and hurt other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You who are like serpents and the offspring of vipers” or “Evil and wicked people” +23:33 vi6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς φύγητε ἀπὸ τῆς κρίσεως τῆς Γεέννης? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “you will not escape from the judgment of Gehenna” or “you cannot escape from the judgment of Gehenna!” +23:33 sk1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῆς κρίσεως τῆς Γεέννης 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **judgment** that takes place in **Gehenna**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “judgment in Gehenna” +23:33 ee42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς κρίσεως τῆς Γεέννης 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being judged in Gehenna” +23:33 u1ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Γεέννης 1 Here Jesus uses the name **Gehenna** to refer to hell. The valley named **Gehenna** was outside the city of Jerusalem and was a place where people threw out and burned garbage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [23:15](../23/15.md). Alternate translation: “of a place like the valley of Gehenna” or “of hell, which is like Gehenna valley” +23:34 s1sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Here, the phrase **For this reason** introduces something that Jesus says he will do in response to how the scribes and Pharisees are acting. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a response. Alternate translation: “Because you are behaving like that” +23:34 tbf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “pay attention” or “listen” +23:34 rj1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐξ αὐτῶν -1 Here, the phrases **From them** and **from them** refer to some of the **prophets and wise men and scribes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Some from among them … some from among them” +23:35 e1gw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὅπως 1 Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) a result from what the scribes and Pharisees will do. Alternate translation: “with the result that” (2) a purpose for which Jesus sends people to the scribes and Pharisees even when he knows that they will kill them. Alternate translation: “in order that” +23:35 l7ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἔλθῃ ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς 1 Jesus is speaking as if the **blood** of **righteous** people would **come upon** the scribes and Pharisees. He means that God would consider them guilty of shedding this blood. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you might be considered guilty for” +23:35 h5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy αἷμα δίκαιον ἐκχυννόμενον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς & τοῦ αἵματος & τοῦ αἵματος 1 In this verse, Jesus uses the phrase **blood being shed** and the word **blood** to refer to murder. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the murders of righteous people having happened on the earth … the murder … the murder” +23:35 mf0p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πᾶν αἷμα δίκαιον 1 Here Jesus uses the phrase **righteous blood** to refer to blood from **righteous** people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all the blood from righteous people” +23:35 y698 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκχυννόμενον 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “that humans have shed” +23:35 z95g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος Ἂβελ τοῦ δικαίου, ἕως τοῦ αἵματος Ζαχαρίου 1 Here Jesus refers to **Abel** and **Zechariah** because the stories of their murders are the first and last stories about the murders of righteous people in the Hebrew Scriptures. In this way, Jesus indicates that he is speaking about all the stories about the murders of righteous people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the blood of Abel the righteous, the first victim, and including the blood of every victim after that up to the last, the blood of Zechariah”\n +23:35 espy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ζαχαρίου & Βαραχίου 1 The words **Zechariah** and **Barachiah** are the names of men. The man named **Zechariah** is most likely the one whose murder is described in [2 Chronicles 24:20–22](../2ch/24/20.md). King Joash had him stoned to death in the temple courtyard after he rebuked the people of Judah for worshipping idols. +23:35 s11l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐφονεύσατε 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **you**, his current audience, killed **Zechariah**. He means that the ancestors of his current audience did that. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors killed” +23:36 ex7d ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his audience. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” +23:36 etlz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἥξει ταῦτα πάντα ἐπὶ τὴν γενεὰν ταύτην 1 Jesus is speaking as if the things he has just spoken about will **come upon this generation**. He means that God will consider **this generation** to guilty of doing those things. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “this generation will be considered guilty for all these things” +23:36 af8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα πάντα 1 Here, the phrase **all these things** refers to the murders that Jesus mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all those evil deeds” +23:36 vx9o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὴν γενεὰν ταύτην 1 Here, **generation** represents the people who are part of the **generation**, which means that they are adults who are currently alive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “today’s people” or “the people of this generation” +23:37 xuj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Ἰερουσαλὴμ, Ἰερουσαλήμ, ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα τοὺς προφήτας καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα, τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν! ποσάκις ἠθέλησα ἐπισυναγαγεῖν τὰ τέκνα σου, ὃν τρόπον ὄρνις ἐπισυνάγει τὰ νοσσία αὐτῆς ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας, καὶ οὐκ ἠθελήσατε 1 Here Jesus speaks as if the city of **Jerusalem** were a woman with **children**. He is referring to the people who live in **Jerusalem**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, people of Jerusalem, the ones killing the prophets and stoning the ones having been sent to you! How often I desired to gather you the way a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were not willing” +23:37 vne9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Ἰερουσαλὴμ, Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 Jesus is addressing something he knows cannot hear him, the city of **Jerusalem**, in order to show his listeners in a strong way how he feels about it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words as if he were speaking directly to people about these cities. Alternate translation: “I am very upset about Jerusalem” +23:37 cjr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα τοὺς προφήτας καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα, τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could combine the two phrases. Alternate translation: “the one killing the prophets, indeed, stoning the ones having been sent to her” or “the one killing the prophets having been sent to her by stoning them” +23:37 tz4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that God did it. Alternate translation: “the ones whom God sent” +23:37 zi3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person αὐτήν 1 Although Jesus is speaking to **Jerusalem**, he uses the third person here. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the second person form. Alternate translation: “you” +23:37 d9ho rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ποσάκις 1 Here, the phrase **How often** introduces an exclamation, not a question. Jesus uses the exclamation to show how strongly he feels about **Jerusalem**. Use a form that communicates strong emotion in your language. Alternate translation: “Very strongly” +23:37 qsf0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σου 1 Since Jesus is speaking to **Jerusalem**, the word **your** here is singular. +23:37 xv4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὃν τρόπον ὄρνις ἐπισυνάγει τὰ νοσσία αὐτῆς ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας 1 Jesus is saying that he wants to act like **a hen** that **gathers her chicks** because he wants to comfort and protect the people of Jerusalem, just as **a hen** does that for **her chicks**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the way a hen gathers her chicks under her wings to comfort and protect them” +23:37 as8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ὄρνις & τὰ νοσσία αὐτῆς 1 A **hen** is a female chicken, and **chicks** are the young chickens she is raising. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a bird … her young” +23:37 en1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 2 Here, the word **and** introduces what the people of Jerusalem actually did in contrast with what Jesus wanted them to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a contrast. Alternate translation: “but” +23:38 gbpd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention:” +23:38 ck2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν ἔρημος 1 Here Jesus could speaking: (1) of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a **house** that will be **left** to its people **desolate**. In this case, he means that the city will be destroyed so much that people will no longer live there. Alternate translation: “your city will be left to you like a desolate house” or “your city will be destroyed” (2) of the temple as if it were a **house** that will be **left** to its people **desolate**. In this case, he means that God will no longer be present in the temple. Alternate translation: “your temple will be left to you like a desolate house” or “God will abandon your temple” +23:38 jl65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀφίεται & ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will leave your house” +23:38 e5sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ἀφίεται 1 Jesus is using the present tense in order to refer to something that will happen in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “will be left” +23:39 wc86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces support for the claim that Jesus made in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces basis or support for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because, as” +23:39 qvf3 λέγω & ὑμῖν 1 Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” +23:39 r74f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐ μή 1 The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means” +23:39 r6o6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπ’ ἄρτι 1 Here Jesus uses the word **now** to refer to the time of his current visit to Jerusalem. He is not referring to just the current moment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the time of my current visit with you” +23:39 eqnl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἕως ἂν εἴπητε 1 Here, Jesus could be indicating that they will **certainly not see** him: (1) until the time when they **say** the following words. Alternate translation: “until the time when you say” (2) unless they **say** the following words. Alternate translation: “unless you say” +23:39 soho rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 Here Jesus is quoting from [Psalm 118:26](../psa/118/26.md). Since he does not introduce the words as a quotation from an important text, you also should not introduce them as anything more than what he said. However, if it would be helpful for your readers, you could include this information in a footnote. +23:39 luw3 εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 The exact same sentence appears in [21:9](../21/09.md). Translate it as you did there. +24:intro h2a2 0 # Matthew 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n10. Jesus teaches about the final judgment and salvation (23:1-25:46)\n * The disciples ask Jesus about the destruction of the temple and the end of the age (24:1–3)\n * Jesus teaches about the destruction of the temple (24:4–35)\n * Things that will happen in the time before the destruction of the temple (24:4–14)\n * Things that will happen immediately before the destruction of the temple (24:15–28)\n * The coming of the Son of Man (24:29–31)\n * When these things will happen (24:32–35)\n * Jesus teaches about the end of the age (24:36–51)\n * No one knows when this will happen (24:36–41)\n * The need to be alert (24:42–44)\n * The parable of the faithful slave and the evil slave (24:45–51)\n\n### When Jesus speaks about which topics\n\nWhen the disciples speak to Jesus in [24:3](../24/03.md), they ask about two things: first, they want to know when the temple will be destroyed, and second, they want to know about the sign of Jesus’ coming and of the end of the age. Christians disagree about when Jesus is speaking about which topic. He could:\n1. finish speaking about the destruction of the temple in [24:35](../24/35.md) and then go on to speak about his second coming (the outline above follows this view)\n2. finish speaking about the destruction of the temple in [24:28](../24/28.md) and then go on to speak about his second coming\n3. speak about the destruction of the temple as a foreshadowing of the final tribulation in [24:4–28](../24/04.md) and [24:32–35](../24/32.md) and speak about his second coming in [24:29–31](../24/29.md)\n\nSince Christians disagree over when Jesus is speaking about which topic, if possible format your translation so that several interpretations are possible.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The destruction of the temple\n\nThe temple in Jerusalem was a very impressive, large building. Despite that, Jesus predicted that it would be destroyed within the lifetime of those who heard him. In fact, about 40 years later, a Roman army conquered Jerusalem and destroyed the temple.\n\n### The end of the age\n\nThe disciples ask Jesus about “the end of the age,” which both they and Jesus imply is also the time of Jesus’ second coming. The end of the age is the moment when God changes how things are in the present time to how they will be forever after Jesus’ second coming. Consider how you might naturally refer to this time in your translation.\n\n### The Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven\n\nIn [24:30](../24/30.md), Jesus indicates that he, the Son of Man, will “come” on the clouds of heaven. However, he does not indicate the location to which he will “come.” Christians debate whether Jesus is describing his return to earth or his enthronement in heaven. If possible, your translation should allow for both possibilities. See the notes on this verse for translation options.\n\n### “This generation” in [24:34](../24/34.md)\n\nIn [24:34](../24/34.md), Jesus says that what he has described will happen before “this generation” passes away. Many interpretations have been proposed for the group of people to which “this generation” refers:\n1. The people who were alive while Jesus was speaking these words\n2. The people who would be alive when the signs of the end began\n3. People who are like those who did not believe while Jesus was on earth\n4. Jewish people in general throughout history\n5. Humans in general\n\nSince the word that Jesus uses primarily refers to people who are alive at the same time, if possible use a word or phrase that refers to such a group of people. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could include some interpretations of the word in a footnote.\n\n### The days of Noah\n\nIn [24:37–39](../24/37.md), Jesus compares the coming of the Son of Man with the time period of Noah. When Noah was alive, God told him to warn people that an enormous flood was coming. Noah built a large boat named an ark so that he, his family, and many animals could float on the water and survive the flood. However, people did not listen to Noah, and when the flood finally happened, everyone else died. Jesus says that the coming of the Son of Man will similarly surprise people who have not listened to his warnings. Just as the flood began suddenly, so the coming of the Son of Man will begin suddenly. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include information about Noah in a footnote.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The proverb about the corpse and the vultures\n\nIn [24:28](../24/28.md), Jesus uses or invents a proverb that states that wherever a corpse is, there vultures will gather. He could be using this proverb to indicate that:\n1. the coming of the Son of Man will be very obvious, just as a corpse is obvious because of the vultures that gather near it\n2. people and groups of people that are spiritually dead will certainly be judged and punished, just as a corpse is devoured by vultures\n3. believers who have died (the corpse) will come back to life with the aid of angels (the vultures)\n\nSince Christians debate how Jesus wishes to apply this proverb, it is best to preserve the proverb without explaining its meaning. See the notes on this verse for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])\n\n### The parable of the faithful slave and the evil slave\n\nIn [24:45–51](../24/45.md), Jesus tells a story about how a slave might react to being put in charge of the rest of the household when the master goes on a journey. If the slave is wise and faithful, he will do what his master asked him to do. Then, when the master returns, the slave will be rewarded. On the other hand, if the slave is evil, he will abuse the other slaves and feast with drunk people. Jesus tells this story to make his disciples think about how they should behave during the time before his second coming. They should be like the wise and faithful slave, not the evil slave. Your translation should not directly explain the meaning of this parable more than Jesus does, but be sure that your readers understand how to apply the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in teaching that Jesus gives to his disciples. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) +24:1 b6uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out” +24:1 ke79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ 1 Here Matthew means that Jesus went out from the temple area. He does not mean that Jesus was in the most sacred parts of the temple building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from the temple courtyard” +24:1 di17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὰς οἰκοδομὰς τοῦ ἱεροῦ 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **buildings** that are in **the temple** area. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the buildings in the temple complex” +24:2 w287 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +24:2 mh5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐ βλέπετε ταῦτα πάντα 1 Jesus is using the question form to draw the attention of the disciples to the buildings. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Consider all these things.” or “Think about all these things!” +24:2 a83u ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” +24:2 k7ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole οὐ μὴ ἀφεθῇ ὧδε λίθος ἐπὶ λίθον, ὃς οὐ καταλυθήσεται 1 Jesus says that every **stone** will be **torn down** as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “almost every stone upon a stone will not be left here, and almost none of them will not be torn down” +24:2 ecdz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐ μὴ ἀφεθῇ ὧδε λίθος ἐπὶ λίθον, ὃς οὐ καταλυθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, it is clear from the context that it will be invading enemies. Alternate translation: “an invading army will certainly not leave a stone upon a stone here, which they will not tear down” +24:2 g4d8 οὐ μὴ ἀφεθῇ ὧδε λίθος ἐπὶ λίθον, ὃς οὐ καταλυθήσεται 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the ideas in positive form. Alternate translation: “every stone will be toppled off the stone it is on, and each one will be torn down” +24:3 f5a0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +24:3 ix45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” +24:3 pudy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative εἰπὲ 1 This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “We ask that you tell” +24:3 tuti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular εἰπὲ & σῆς 1 Since the disciples are speaking to Jesus, the command and the word **your** in this verse are singular. +24:3 kal6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα 1 Here, the phrase **these things** refers to the events that Jesus described in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the events you have spoken about” or “that destruction” +24:3 xscx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς σῆς παρουσίας 1 Here the disciples imply that Jesus will come back to this world at some point in the future. They are also implying that he will leave this world before he comes back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some or all of those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “of when you are going to come back to this world” or “of when, after leaving this world, you will come back” +24:3 e1is rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Here, the phrase **the end of the age** refers to when the current time period will cease and a new **age** will begin. If your language has a way to refer to the end of the way things are now, you could use it here, or you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “of the end of the world” or “of the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease” +24:4 s64s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς πλανήσῃ 1 Jesus is speaking as if the disciples could literally be led **astray**, that is, led down the wrong path. He means that they could be deceived. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes you to believe what is wrong” +24:5 q6q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Jesus wants the disciples to be careful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for an exhortation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You should be careful because” or “Indeed,” +24:5 yvt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πολλοὶ & πολλοὺς 1 In both places, Jesus is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many men and women … many men and women” +24:5 czgg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλεύσονται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “will go” +24:5 lq71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου 1 Here, the word **name** refers primarily to the person who has that name, and it focuses especially on that person’s authority. More specifically, Jesus could mean that: (1) these people claim to have the authority that Jesus properly has. Alternate translation: “in my authority” or “claiming to have the authority I have” (2) these people claim to represent Jesus. Alternate translation: “claiming to be my representatives” or “as if they were my representatives” +24:5 w7i0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes λέγοντες, ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Χριστός; καὶ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that they are the Christ, and” +24:5 udm0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 If you keep the direct quotation, consider natural ways of introducing it in your language. Alternate translation: “and they will say” +24:5 twh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πολλοὺς πλανήσουσιν 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [24:4](../24/04.md). Alternate translation: “will cause many to believe what is wrong” +24:6 pgdl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μὴ θροεῖσθε 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the **wars** and **rumors of wars**. Alternate translation: “those things do not trouble you” +24:6 hdz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δεῖ & γενέσθαι 1 Here Jesus means that God has planned these things and they will not change. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God has chosen that these things will happen” +24:6 fvq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ τέλος 1 Here Jesus is speaking about **the end** of the age, which is what the disciples asked about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the end of the world” or “the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease” +24:7 z2fl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of what is going to happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a further explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Even more,” +24:7 ygf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἐγερθήσεται & ἔθνος ἐπὶ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could combine the two phrases. Alternate translation: “nation will rise against nation, yes, kingdom against kingdom” or “nation and kingdom rise against nation and kingdom” +24:7 tc4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ἐγερθήσεται & ἔθνος ἐπὶ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν 1 The words **nation** and **kingdom** represents nations and kingdoms in general, not one particular kingdom and nation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “some nations will rise against other nations, and some kingdoms against other kingdoms” +24:7 xuow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐγερθήσεται & ἔθνος ἐπὶ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν 1 Here, the words **nation** and **kingdom** represent the people who live in them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of a nation will rise up against the people of another nation, and the people of a kingdom against the people of another kingdom” +24:7 fmy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐγερθήσεται & ἐπὶ 1 The phrase **rise against** referring to attacking someone or something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will fight against” +24:7 xo7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “kingdom will rise against kingdom” +24:8 rl12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus says about how **these things** are just **the beginning** in contrast to how bad they seemed when he described them in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “And yet,” or “However,” +24:8 cnrt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πάντα & ταῦτα 1 Here, the phrase **all these things** refers to the things that Jesus has said will happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all the things that I have described” +24:8 q4gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀρχὴ ὠδίνων 1 Here Jesus speaks of the events that he has described as if they were **the beginning of birth pains**. He means that, just like **birth pains**, they are difficult and painful things that eventually lead to a happy and wonderful result. If possible, you should maintain the figure of speech or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “are like the beginning of birth pains” +24:9 uyq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous τότε 1 Here, the word **Then** could introduce something that will happen: (1) during the events that Jesus has been describing. Alternate translation: “During that time,” (2) after the events that Jesus has been describing. Alternate translation: “After that time,” +24:9 cbkp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor παραδώσουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς θλῖψιν 1 Here, the phrase **hand you over** refers to putting people in a particular situation or experience. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will make you experience tribulation” or “they will cause you tribulation” +24:9 uw1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns παραδώσουσιν ὑμᾶς 1 Here, the pronoun **they** refers to all people who persecute the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to enemies of the disciples. Alternate translation: “your enemies will hand you over” +24:9 aair rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς θλῖψιν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **tribulation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be afflicted” or “to be persecuted” +24:9 nsh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all the nations will hate you” +24:9 u2bd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 Here, **name** represents the person whose name it is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [10:22](../10/22.md). Alternate translation: “because of me” +24:10 eppj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τότε 1 Here, just as in [24:9](../24/09.md), the word **then** could introduce something that will happen: (1) during the events that Jesus has been describing. Alternate translation: “during that time,” (2) after the events that Jesus has been describing. Alternate translation: “after that time,” +24:10 kvbw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σκανδαλισθήσονται πολλοὶ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “many will stumble” +24:10 a4yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor σκανδαλισθήσονται πολλοὶ 1 Here, Jesus speaks of ceasing to believe in God as if it were stumbling. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “many will stop believing” or “many will cease trusting God” +24:10 q5n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πολλοὶ 1 Jesus is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many disciples or fellow believers. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many disciples” or “many of my followers” +24:10 w1oo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀλλήλους παραδώσουσιν 1 Here, the phrase **hand one another over** refers to putting people under the authority and control of other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will have the authorities seize one another” or “will cause one another to be arrested” +24:11 fo6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐγερθήσονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, it is clear from the context that it will be the false prophets themselves. Alternate translation: “will rise up” +24:11 mi2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐγερθήσονται 1 Here, the phrase **will be raised up** refers to people beginning to do some task publicly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will appear” or “will start prophesying” +24:11 tjb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor καὶ πλανήσουσιν πολλούς 1 Jesus is speaking as if the prophets would literally **lead** people **astray**, that is, down the wrong path. He means that they will deceive people. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea [24:4](../24/04.md). Alternate translation: “will cause many to believe what is wrong” +24:11 qtk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πολλούς 1 Jesus is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many men and women” 24:12 ohq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ἀνομίαν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “lawlessness will increase” -24:12 w4af rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ἀνομίαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **lawlessness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “people will commit more lawless deeds” -24:12 bu9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν 1 Jesus is speaking as if the **love of many** would literally **grow cold**. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “many people will no longer love other people” (2) Alternate translation: “many people will no longer love God” -24:13 v3ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται 1 See how you translated **But the one having endured to the end, he will be saved** in [10:22](../10/22.md). -24:13 sheo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the phrase **the one** does not refer to a specific person. It refers to anyone who performs the action described. Here and in the other instances of the phrase in this chapter, express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whoever endures to the end” -24:14 x3e6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κηρυχθήσεται τοῦτο τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that his disciples will do it. Alternate translation: “my disciples will preach this gospel of the kingdom” -24:14 opuo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τοῦτο τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας 1 Here, **kingdom** refers to God’s rule as king. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **kingdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the message about how God rules as a king over his people” -24:14 y65s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 See how you translated **nations** in [24:7](../24/07.md). -24:15 mf1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Δανιὴλ τοῦ προφήτου 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “about which Daniel the prophet spoke” -24:15 lhas rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως 1 The phrase **the abomination of desolation** is found in [Daniel 9:27](../dan/09/27.md), [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md), and [Daniel 12:11](../12/11.md). Jesus’ audience would have been familiar with those passages, which prophesy about **the abomination** defiling the temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the shameful thing that defiles the temple” -24:15 lz9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks ὁ ἀναγινώσκων νοείτω 1 The phrase **Let the one reading understand** is not Jesus speaking. Matthew added this to get his readers to pay attention to this warning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could show that this is not part of Jesus’ direct speech by not enclosing it within quotation marks or in some other way that is natural in your language. -24:17 iv2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος, μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι τὰ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ 1 Where Jesus lived, the tops of houses were flat. People would eat and do other activities on top of their houses. Jesus assumes that his hearers know this and that they know that the roofs were accessed by an exterior staircase at the back of the house, distant from the entry at the front. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the person who is on top of his roof should escape immediately by the back stairway and not enter his house to get anything” -24:18 a6c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ ὁ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ, μὴ ἐπιστρεψάτω ὀπίσω ἆραι τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ 1 People in Jesus’ time often walked from their towns to the field that they worked in during the day. Jesus is saying that when they see the abomination of desolation, they should not return to their town to get their cloak, but should flee from the field that they are working in. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “let the one working the field not return to his town to get his cloak before fleeing” -24:18 duz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸ ἱμάτιον 1 See how you translated **cloak** in [5:40](../05/40.md). -24:19 kq12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ταῖς ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσαις 1 The phrase **having in the womb** is an idiom that refers to women who are expecting babies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “to women who are pregnant” -24:19 piql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῖς θηλαζούσαις 1 This does not mean babies who are nursing but women who are nursing babies (providing their milk for them). If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “mothers who are nursing their babies” -24:19 f533 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 Jesus is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “at that time” -24:20 u4jb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μὴ γένηται ἡ φυγὴ ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **flight**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you would not have to flee” -24:20 m6mx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown χειμῶνος 1 In the location to which Jesus is referring, **winter** is the time of year when it is cold and travel is difficult. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a term for a season in which it would be difficult to travel or you could translate winter with a general expression. Alternate translation: “in the rainy season” or “in the cold season” -24:22 ndr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive εἰ μὴ ἐκολοβώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι, οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ & κολοβωθήσονται αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “If God had not shortened those days, then he would have saved no flesh … he will shorten those days” -24:22 f692 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture εἰ μὴ ἐκολοβώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι, οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ 1 Jesus is using the past tense in order to refer to something that will happen in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “if God were not going to shorten those days, no flesh would be saved” -24:22 vd3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives εἰ μὴ ἐκολοβώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the word **shortened**. Alternate translation: “if those days had continued” or “if God had allowed those days to continue” -24:22 r9qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche σάρξ 1 See how you translated **flesh** in [16:17](../16/17.md). -24:23 avm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ, ἰδοὺ, ὧδε ὁ Χριστός, ἤ ὧδε, μὴ πιστεύσητε 1 Jesus uses this expression to introduce an imaginary situation to help explain what his disciples should do if someone claims that they have found the Messiah. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone says to you, ‘Behold, here {is} the Christ!’ or, ‘Here!’ Then you should not believe it” -24:24 s3te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐγερθήσονται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will arise” or “will become powerful” -24:24 nx14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet σημεῖα μεγάλα καὶ τέρατα 1 The terms **signs** and **wonders** mean similar things. Jesus may be using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “great miracles” -24:24 n744 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πλανῆσαι 1 See how you translated **lead astray** in [24:5](../24/05.md). -24:24 y0ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς 1 See how you translated the phrase **the elect** in [24:22](../24/22.md). -24:26 fmx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἐὰν & εἴπωσιν ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ, ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἐστίν, μὴ ἐξέλθητε 1 You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “if someone tells you that the Christ is in the wilderness, do not go out there” -24:26 zxg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἰδοὺ, ἐν τοῖς ταμείοις 1 You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Or, if someone tells you that the Christ is in the inner rooms” -24:27 j1w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile οὕτως ἔσται ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The point of this comparison is that just as lightning flashes across the whole sky and so is obvious to see, so the Son of Man will be obvious to see when he returns. He will not be out “in the wilderness” or “in the inner rooms,” as Jesus says in verse 25 that some will claim. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “so the coming of the Son of Man will be obvious to see” -24:27 za8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person οὕτως ἔσται ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “in the same way I, the Son of Man, will come” -24:28 mu35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs ὅπου ἐὰν ᾖ τὸ πτῶμα, ἐκεῖ συναχθήσονται οἱ ἀετοί 1 This is probably a proverb that the people of Jesus’ time understood. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “When the Son of Man comes, everyone will see him and know that he has come” (2) Alternate translation: “Wherever spiritually dead people are, false prophets will be there to tell them lies” +24:12 w4af rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν ἀνομίαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **lawlessness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “people doing what is lawless” +24:12 bu9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **love** were something hot that could literally **grow cold**. He means that **love** has diminished or ceased. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the love of many will be like a fire that has gone out” or “the love of many will cease” +24:12 x9sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “many will grow cold in how they love” +24:12 dbfq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν 1 Here Jesus could be speaking about: (1) **love** for other people. Alternate translation: “the love of many for other people” (2) **love** for God. Alternate translation: “the love of many for God” +24:12 nvvb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν πολλῶν 1 Jesus is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of many men and women” +24:13 v3ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται 1 The exact same sentence appears in [10:22](../10/22.md). Translate it as you did there. +24:14 x3e6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κηρυχθήσεται τοῦτο τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that his disciples will do it. Alternate translation: “you will preach this gospel of the kingdom” +24:14 opuo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τοῦτο τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **gospel** that is about **the kingdom**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the gospel concerning the kingdom” +24:14 he15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς μαρτύριον 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimony**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “so that someone testifies about it” or “so that it is testified” +24:14 y65s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 Here, the word **nations** represents the people who live in those nations. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the people of all the nations” +24:14 cqxf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ τέλος 1 Here Jesus is speaking about **the end** of the age, which is what the disciples asked about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the end of the world” or “the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease” +24:14 e2ot rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἥξει 1 Here Jesus speaks as if **the end** were something that could **come**. He means that **the end** will happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will happen” +24:15 phs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces an inference or conclusion based on what Jesus has said about how persecution and suffering will happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of inference or conclusion. Alternate translation: “Because of all that” +24:15 lhas rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως 1 The phrase **the abomination of desolation** is found in [Daniel 9:27](../dan/09/27.md), [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md), and [Daniel 12:11](../12/11.md). Jesus’ audience would have been familiar with these passages, which prophesy about **the abomination** entering the temple and defiling it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the shameful thing that defiles the temple” +24:15 f7bn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe an **abomination** that causes **desolation**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the abomination that causes desolation” or “the abomination that leads to desolation” +24:15 v2f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **abomination** and **desolation**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “the abominable thing that desolates” +24:15 mf1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Δανιὴλ τοῦ προφήτου 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “of which Daniel the prophet spoke” +24:15 nl7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ 1 Here, the phrase **the holy place** refers to the temple building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in the holy temple” +24:15-16 lz9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τόπῳ ἁγίῳ ὁ ἀναγινώσκων νοείτω & τότε 1 Here, clause **let the one reading understand** could be: (1) written by Matthew to anyone who reads what **Daniel** wrote. Use a form that clearly indicates that Matthew is writing this, not reporting what Jesus spoke. Alternate translation: “the holy place” (and I, Matthew, add: let the one who has read the book of Daniel understand), “then” (2) spoken by Jesus to anyone who reads what **Daniel** wrote. Alternate translation: “the holy place, and let the one who has read the book of Daniel understand, then” (3) written by Matthew to anyone who reads this story. Use a form that clearly indicates that Matthew is writing this, not reporting what Jesus spoke. Alternate translation: “the holy place” (and I, Matthew, add: let the one who reads this story understand), “then”\n +24:15 sq8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ ἀναγινώσκων νοείτω 1 Here, the phrase **let the one reading understand** could indicate that **the one reading**: (1) can **understand** what **the abomination of desolation** is if they know what **Daniel** wrote. Alternate translation: “the one reading understands” or “you know what I mean” (2) should try to **understand** what **the abomination of desolation** is. Alternate translation: “let the one reading try to understand” or “reader, pay attention” +24:15 fa7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p ὁ ἀναγινώσκων νοείτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one reading must understand” +24:16 geyv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ, φευγέτωσαν 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones in Judea must flee” +24:16 v75q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὰ ὄρη 1 Here Jesus implies that people will be safer in **the mountains** than in **Judea**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the mountains where they will be safer” +24:17 bm5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος, μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι τὰ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ 1 Here Jesus gives a command to **one** person, but he implies that it applies to any of his disciples who are in the situation that he describes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “let the ones on the housetops not go down to take anything from their houses” +24:17 iv2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος, μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι τὰ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ 1 Where Jesus lived, the tops of houses were flat. People would eat and do other activities on top of their houses. Jesus assumes that his hearers know this and that they know that the roofs were accessed by an exterior staircase at the back of the house, distant from the entry at the front. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “let the one who is on top of his roof escape immediately by the back stairway and not enter his house to get anything” +24:17 upze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος, μὴ καταβάτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one on the housetop must not go down” +24:17 c93j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος, μὴ καταβάτω 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “let the one on the housetop not come down” +24:17 kmcl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτοῦ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her” +24:18 v06k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ὁ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ, μὴ ἐπιστρεψάτω ὀπίσω ἆραι τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ 1 Here Jesus gives a command to **one** person, but he implies that it applies to any of his disciples who are in the situation that he describes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “let the ones in the fields not turn back to take their cloaks” +24:18 a6c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ, μὴ ἐπιστρεψάτω ὀπίσω ἆραι τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ 1 People in Jesus’ time often walked from their towns to **the field** that they worked in during the day. Jesus is saying that, when they see the abomination of desolation, they should not return to their town to get their cloaks. Instead, they should flee directly from the field that they are working in. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “let the one working the field not return to his town to get his cloak” +24:18 kydy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p ὁ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ, μὴ ἐπιστρεψάτω ὀπίσω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one in the field must not turn back” +24:18 duz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτοῦ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her” +24:19 xq76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now” +24:19 kq12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ταῖς ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσαις 1 Here, the phrase **having in the womb** refers to being pregnant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the ones who are with child” or “to the ones who are pregnant” +24:19 piql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῖς θηλαζούσαις 1 This does not mean babies who are nursing but women who are nursing babies (providing their milk for them). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to mothers who are nursing their babies” +24:19 f533 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 Here, the phrase **those days** refers to the time period that Jesus has been describing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at that time” or “during that time period” +24:20 w2tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now” +24:20 u4jb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μὴ γένηται ἡ φυγὴ ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **flight**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you might not have to flee” +24:20 m6mx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown χειμῶνος 1 In the location to which Jesus is referring, **winter** is the time of year when it is cold and travel is difficult. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a term for a season in which it would be difficult to travel, or you could translate **winter** with a general expression. Alternate translation: “in the rainy season” or “in the cold season” +24:20 uvec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Σαββάτῳ 1 Because people in Jesus’ culture did not work **on a Sabbath**, it was much harder to travel on that day, even in an emergency. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “on a Sabbath, when no one is working” or “on a Sabbath, when traveling is hard” +24:21 c1g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the disciples should pray that they would not need to flee in winter or on a Sabbath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You should pray that because” or “That is because” +24:21 g7cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἔσται & θλῖψις μεγάλη 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **tribulation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “people will be greatly hurt” or “people will be greatly afflicted” +24:21 qffq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐδ’ οὐ μὴ γένηται 1 The words translated **nor** and **ever** are three negative words. In this construction, the second and third negatives do not cancel the first. Instead, they give greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use three negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a triple negative here. If your language does not use three negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “and will by no means happen again” +24:21 wt7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ μὴ γένηται 1 Here Jesus means that **tribulation** this **great** will not happen again after these events occur. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “nor will ever again happen after that” +24:22 ue2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary εἰ μὴ ἐκολοβώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι, οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ 1 Jesus is making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but he is already convinced that the condition is not true. He knows that **those days** really have **been shortened**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a condition that the speaker believes is not true. Alternate translation: “were those days not to have been shortened, no flesh would have been saved” or “image that those days had not been shortened. Then, no flesh would have been saved” +24:22 f692 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture μὴ ἐκολοβώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι, οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ 1 Jesus is using the past tense in order to refer to something that will happen in the future. He is doing this because he knows that God has already decided to shorten **those days**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense, or you could refer to God’s decision. Alternate translation: “those days were not going to be shortened, no flesh would be saved” or “the decision had not already been made to shorten those days, no flesh would have been saved” +24:22 ndr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μὴ ἐκολοβώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι & κολοβωθήσονται αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God had not shortened those days … God will shorten those days” +24:22 fqh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι -1 Here, the phrase **those days** refers to the time period that Jesus has been describing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that time period … that time period” +24:22 dwwn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no flesh would remain” or “no flesh would continue to live” +24:22 r9qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche σάρξ 1 Jesus is using **flesh** to represent humans. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “humans” +24:22 b1i0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what will actually happen in contrast to what might have happened if God had not **shortened** the **days**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces that kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “In reality, though,” +24:22 mcqg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς 1 Jesus is using the adjective **elect** as a noun to mean elect people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the elect people” or “the people whom God has elected” +24:23-24 v5fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge τότε ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ, ἰδοὺ, ὧδε ὁ Χριστός, ἤ ὧδε, μὴ πιστεύσητε & ἐγερθήσονται γὰρ ψευδόχριστοι καὶ ψευδοπροφῆται, καὶ δώσουσιν σημεῖα μεγάλα καὶ τέρατα, ὥστε πλανῆσαι εἰ δυνατὸν καὶ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [24:23](../24/23.md) and [24:24](../24/24.md) into a verse bridge, as the UST does, in order to include the reason for Jesus’ command before the command itself. Alternate translation: “Then, false Christs and false prophets will be raised up and will give great signs and wonders, so as to lead astray, if possible, even the elect. So, if anyone says to you, ‘Behold, here {is} the Christ!’ or, ‘Here!’ you should not believe {it}.” +24:23 avm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact τότε ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ 1 Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that it will happen. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Jesus is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Then, although some people will say to you” +24:23 e7bo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous τότε 1 Here, the word **Then** could introduce something that will happen: (1) during the events that Jesus has been describing. Alternate translation: “During that time,” (2) after the events that Jesus has been describing. Alternate translation: “After that time,” +24:23 vm45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ὑμῖν εἴπῃ, ἰδοὺ, ὧδε ὁ Χριστός, ἤ ὧδε, μὴ πιστεύσητε 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “says to you that you should look because the Christ is there or there, you should not believe it” +24:23 fn7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to look at something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to look, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention” +24:23 x392 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ὧδε 2 The person speaking is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Here is the Christ” +24:24 zfyh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a basis for the command that Jesus gave in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I say that since” or “That is because” +24:24 s3te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐγερθήσονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, it is clear from the context that it will be the false Christs and false prophets themselves. Alternate translation: “will rise up” +24:24 jpjr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐγερθήσονται 1 Here, the phrase** will be raised up** refers to people beginning to do some task publicly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will appear” or “will begin to lead” +24:24 nx14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet σημεῖα μεγάλα καὶ τέρατα 1 The terms **signs** and **wonders** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “amazing signs” or “impressive deeds” +24:24 u3o8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ὥστε πλανῆσαι 1 Here, the phrase **so as** introduces the purpose for which the false Christs and false prophets give the **great signs and wonders**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “with the goal of leading astray” or “in order to lead astray” +24:24 n744 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πλανῆσαι εἰ δυνατὸν καὶ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς 1 Jesus is speaking as if the false Christs and prophets could literally **lead** people **astray**. He means that they deceive others. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [24:4](../24/04.md). Alternate translation: “to cause, if possible, even the elect to believe what is wrong” +24:24 ygyp εἰ δυνατὸν 1 Here, the phrase **if possible** could mean: (1) that it is not actually **possible** to lead astray the elect. Alternate translation: “if it were possible” (2) that the false Christs and false prophets will try everything they can to lead astray the elect. Alternate translation: “if they can” or “by all possible means” +24:24 y0ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς 1 Jesus is using the adjective **elect** as a noun to mean elect people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. See how you translated this word in [24:22](../24/22.md). Alternate translation: “the elect people” or “the people whom God has elected” +24:25 cpd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention” +24:26 gn85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἐὰν & εἴπωσιν ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ, ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἐστίν, μὴ ἐξέλθητε & ἰδοὺ, ἐν τοῖς ταμείοις, μὴ πιστεύσητε 1 Here Jesus uses imaginary situations to teach his disciples how to respond to people who claim to know where the Messiah is. Use a natural method in your language for introducing imaginary situations. Alternate translation: “imagine that they say to you, ‘Behold, he is in the wilderness.’ In that case, you should not go out; imagine that they say to you, ‘Behold, in the inner chambers.’ In that case, you should not believe it.” +24:26 fmx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἴπωσιν ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ, ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἐστίν, μὴ ἐξέλθητε & ἰδοὺ, ἐν τοῖς ταμείοις, μὴ πιστεύσητε 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “they say to you that you should look because he is in the wilderness, you should not go out; that you should look in the inner chambers, you should not believe it” +24:26 ijco rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns εἴπωσιν 1 The pronoun **they** refers to any person who might say this. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to people in general. Alternate translation: “people say” +24:26 vdkp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ -1 Here, the word **Behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to look at something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **Behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to look, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “Look … Look” or “Pay attention … Pay attention” +24:26 tph8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐστίν 1 Here Jesus implies that the people are speaking about the Christ. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the Christ is” +24:26 zxg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis μὴ ἐξέλθητε & ἰδοὺ, ἐν τοῖς ταμείοις 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you should not go out; if they say to you, ‘Behold, he is in the inner chambers” +24:26 m5py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μὴ ἐξέλθητε 1 Here Jesus is referring to going out to the **wilderness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you should not go out to that wilderness” +24:26 btjn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go μὴ ἐξέλθητε 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “you should not come out” +24:26 qgaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοῖς ταμείοις 1 The phrase **inner chambers** refers to small, private rooms in a house. They could be bedrooms or storage rooms. If your readers would not be familiar with these types of rooms, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the private areas” or “the inner rooms” +24:27 wpka rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a basis for the command that Jesus gave in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I say that because” or “That is because” +24:27 j1w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὥσπερ & ἡ ἀστραπὴ ἐξέρχεται ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν καὶ φαίνεται ἕως δυσμῶν, οὕτως ἔσται ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Jesus is saying that **the coming of the Son of Man** will be like **lightning** because they are both visible to everyone and very obvious. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “just as the lightning comes out from the east and shines as far as the west so that it is visible to everyone, so will the coming of the Son of Man be visible to everyone” +24:27 pf6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ ἀστραπὴ ἐξέρχεται ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν καὶ φαίνεται ἕως δυσμῶν 1 Here Jesus is referring to how a large bolt of lightning begins at one side of the sky and flashes to the other side. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the lightning flashes across the sky” or “the lightning lights up the sky from east to west” +24:27 iaec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξέρχεται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “goes out” +24:27 f8cr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔσται ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here Jesus implies that **the Son of Man** will come back to this world at some point in the future. He is also implying that **the Son of Man** will leave this world before he comes back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some or all of those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “the Son of Man will come back to this world” or “the Son of Man, after leaving this world, will come back” +24:27 za8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “me, who am the Son of Man” +24:27 mqch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “of the Messiah” +24:28 mu35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs ὅπου ἐὰν ᾖ τὸ πτῶμα, ἐκεῖ συναχθήσονται οἱ ἀετοί 1 Here, Jesus uses or invents a proverb in order to teach. See the chapter introduction for what this proverb might mean in this context. Since there are many things that it might mean, you should express the idea in a form that your readers would recognize as a proverb without explaining its meaning. Alternate translation: “Vultures are gathered wherever there is a corpse” 24:28 fo7o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συναχθήσονται οἱ ἀετοί 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the vultures will gather” -24:28 ivl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown οἱ ἀετοί 1 The word **vultures** describes large birds that eat the bodies of dead or dying animals. If your readers would not be familiar with what a vulture is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable scavenger bird in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the scavenger birds” -24:29 zmm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων 1 Jesus is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that time of tribulation” -24:29 zuk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ ἥλιος σκοτισθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will make the sun dark” -24:29 w1bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will shake the powers of the heavens” -24:30 yc2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person φανήσεται τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “the sign of me, the Son of Man, will appear” -24:31 fl54 ἀποστελεῖ τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ μετὰ σάλπιγγος μεγάλης 1 Your language may need to say who will make this **sound of a trumpet**. That could be the Son of Man himself or an angel. Alternate translation: “the Son of Man will sound a trumpet and send his angels” or “God will have an angel blow a trumpet, and he will send his angels” -24:31 rlb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ἀποστελεῖ τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ & αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I will send my angels … my” -24:31 ibw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων ἀνέμων, ἀπ’ ἄκρων οὐρανῶν ἕως ἄκρων αὐτῶν 1 These two phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is using repetition to emphasize the idea that the phrases express, which is how far the angels will go to gather the elect. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “from all over the world” -24:31 wp9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων ἀνέμων 1 This expression means “from every direction from which the wind blows,” envisioning the four primary directions of north, south, east, and west. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this in plain language. Alternate translation: “from every part of the world” -24:33 cu5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ἐγγύς ἐστιν 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I am near” -24:33 cfz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐπὶ θύραις 1 Jesus is speaking of himself as if he were a king or important official getting close to the gates of a walled city. He means that he would be just about to return to earth. Alternate translation: “about to return to earth” -24:34 gld5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη 1 Here, **pass away** is a polite way of saying “die.” Alternate translation: “this generation will not all die” -24:34 y73t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη 1 This could refer implicitly to: (1) the people alive when Jesus was speaking. (2) all the people who will be alive when these things happen that Jesus has just described. Try to translate so that both interpretations are possible. -24:34 r6sk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **pass away**. Alternate translation: “will certainly remain alive” -24:34 fb4k ἕως ἂν πάντα ταῦτα γένηται 1 Alternate translation: “until God causes all these things to happen” -24:35 i8vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ παρελεύσεται 1 Jesus is using the two main components of creation, **heaven** and **earth**, to mean all of creation. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this in plain language. Alternate translation: “All of creation” -24:35 e6bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οἱ & λόγοι μου 1 Jesus is using the term **words** to mean the things he has said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things I have said” -24:36 q4pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης καὶ ὥρας 1 The terms **day** and **hour** mean similar things. Jesus may be using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “that specific time” -24:36 vico rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης καὶ ὥρας 1 By **that day and hour**, Jesus means implicitly the time when he will return. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “that day and hour when I will return” -24:36 n0f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions οὐδεὶς οἶδεν, οὐδὲ οἱ ἄγγελοι τῶν οὐρανῶν, οὐδὲ ὁ Υἱός, εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατὴρ μόνος 1 If it would in appear your language that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “only the Father knows, not the angels in heaven, nor the Son” -24:36 wq5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν οὐρανῶν 1 Here, **the heavens** refers implicitly to the place where God lives. It does not refer to the sky. Be sure that this is clear in your translation. -24:36 p5vu rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱός & ὁ Πατὴρ 1 **Son** and **Father** are important titles that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain these titles in your translation. -24:36 espb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὁ Υἱός 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son” -24:37 hf51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ Νῶε 1 Jesus is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the time of Noah was” -24:37 cpn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “of me, the Son of Man” -24:38 pfyq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἦσαν & τρώγοντες καὶ πίνοντες, γαμοῦντες καὶ γαμίζοντες 1 Jesus describes several regular activities to refer to regular activities in general. Alternate translation: “they were going about their normal lives” -24:38 lh9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταῖς πρὸ τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ & ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας εἰσῆλθεν, Νῶε εἰς τὴν κιβωτόν 1 See how you translated **days** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “in the time before the flood … until the time when Noah entered the ark” -24:38 ectm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὴν κιβωτόν 1 The term **ark** refers to the structure that Noah built on God’s instructions to save himself and his family from the flood. If your readers would not recognize this specific term, you could use a more general one. Alternate translation: “the ship he built” or “the barge he built” -24:39 ffa6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν 1 Here, **they did not know** means that they did not know what was about to happen to them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and they did not realize what was about to happen to them” -24:39 ah5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism ἦρεν ἅπαντας 1 Jesus is referring to death in a polite way by using the phrase **took them all away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “killed them all” -24:39 wcav rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile οὕτως ἔσται καὶ ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here, Jesus is comparing the flood of Noah, which came unexpectedly, with his own coming, which will be similarly unexpected. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the same way, the coming of the Son of Man will be unexpected” -24:40 uzz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔσονται δύο ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ 1 It is implied that these **two** are working **in the field**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “two men will be working in the field” -24:40 gt4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive εἷς παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ εἷς ἀφίεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will take one, and he will leave the other” -24:41 eail rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μία παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ μία ἀφίεται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will take one, and he will leave the other” -24:43 ak6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ἐκεῖνο δὲ γινώσκετε, 1 To help his disciples understand his message, Jesus tells a story. He explains its meaning in the next verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Let me tell you a story to help you understand this:” -24:43 ki5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ποίᾳ φυλακῇ 1 Here, **watch of night** is an idiom that means a certain time during the night, referring to how some would take turns keeping “watch” for a certain length of time to protect others who were asleep. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at what time during the night” -24:43 lg7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὐκ ἂν εἴασεν διορυχθῆναι τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who would do the action, Jesus implies that the thief would do it. Alternate translation: “would not have allowed the thief to break into his house” -24:44 gd17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man,” -24:44 tub2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables διὰ τοῦτο καὶ, ὑμεῖς γίνεσθε ἕτοιμοι 1 Here, Jesus is explaining the meaning of his parable. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “In the same way that the owner of the house prepares in case a thief comes, so you should also be ready” -24:44 ess8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ᾗ & ὥρᾳ 1 Jesus is using the term **hour** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at a time” -24:45 f92d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τίς ἄρα ἐστὶν ὁ πιστὸς δοῦλος καὶ φρόνιμος, ὃν κατέστησεν ὁ κύριος ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκετείας αὐτοῦ, τοῦ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς τὴν τροφὴν ἐν καιρῷ 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge his disciples and to make them think. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Certainly a faithful servant is the one whom his master appoints over his house in order to give them food at the proper time!” -24:45 d462 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃν κατέστησεν ὁ κύριος ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκετείας αὐτοῦ 1 In this phrase, it is assumed that the **the master** leaves the house over which he appoints his servant. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “whom his master, when he leaves, `appoints over his household” -24:45 k3j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal τοῦ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς τὴν τροφὴν 1 The connecting word **to** introduces a goal or purpose relationship. The purpose for which **his master has appointed** him is **to give them their food**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of giving them their food” -24:48 f9ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy εἴπῃ & ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 See how you translated **in his heart** in [5:28](../05/28.md). -24:48 per6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes χρονίζει μου ὁ κύριος 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But if that evil slave says in his heart that his master is delaying” -24:50 bz5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ οὐ προσδοκᾷ, καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γινώσκει 1 The phrases **on a day that he does not expect** and **at an hour that he does not know** mean the same thing. Jesus is using repetition to emphasize the idea that the phrases express. It may be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if the meaning might be unclear, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “on a day that he does not expect, yes, at an hour that he does not know” -24:50 ss9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ οὐ προσδοκᾷ, καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γινώσκει 1 Jesus is using the terms **day** and **hour** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. If you do that, you may wish to combine the phrases. Alternate translation: “at a time that he does not expect, yes, at an time that he does not know” or “at a time that he is not expecting at all” -24:51 jj2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom διχοτομήσει αὐτὸν 1 Here, **cut him in pieces** is an idiom that means to punish someone severely. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will punish him severely” -24:51 rwd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 See how you translated this in [8:12](../08/12.md). +24:28 ivl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown οἱ ἀετοί 1 The word **vultures** describes large birds that travel in flocks and eat the flesh of dead animals that they find.If your readers would not be familiar with **vultures**, you could use the name of similar birds in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the scavenger birds” +24:29 az4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential εὐθέως δὲ μετὰ 1 The phrase **But immediately after** indicates that the events Jesus will describe in [24:29–31](../24/29.md) will come soon after the events he has described in [24:15–28](../24/15.md) or perhaps all of [24:4–28](../24/04.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that refers to events that will happen soon after other events. Alternate translation: “Then, directly following” +24:29 yj4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of tribulation, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “those days when people will be greatly hurt” or “those days when people will be greatly afflicted” +24:29 zmm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων 1 Here, the phrase **those days** refers to the time period that Jesus has been describing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [24:22](../24/22.md). Alternate translation: “of that time period”\n +24:29 zuk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ ἥλιος σκοτισθήσεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, it is clear from the context that it will be God. Alternate translation: “God will darken the sun” +24:29 k7xj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἡ σελήνη οὐ δώσει τὸ φέγγος αὐτῆς 1 Here, Jesus speaks as if **the moon** were a person who could **give** something to someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the moon will become dark” +24:29 w1bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, it is clear from the context that it will be God. Alternate translation: “God will shake the powers of the heavens” +24:29 dyd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν 1 Here, the phrase **the powers of the heavens** could refer to: (1) powerful spiritual beings that dwell in **the heavens**. Alternate translation: “the powerful beings in the heavens” (2) the heavenly bodies, including the sun, moon, and stars. Alternate translation: “the sun, moon, and stars” +24:30 umi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure φανήσεται τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐν οὐρανῷ 1 Here, the phrase **in heaven** could go with: (1) **will appear**. In this case, **in heaven** is where the **sign** will appear. Alternate translation: “will appear in heaven the sign of the Son of Man” (2) **the Son of Man**. In this case, the **sign** shows that **the Son of Man** is **in heaven**. Alternate translation: “will appear the sign that the Son of Man is in heaven” +24:30 qwja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here, Jesus could be using the possessive form to describe a **sign** that: (1) shows that **the Son of Man** is about to do something. Alternate translation: “the sign that indicates that the Son of Man is about to do something” (2) is **the Son of Man**. Alternate translation: “the sign, which is the Son of Man,” +24:30 yc2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου & τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “of me, who am the Son of Man, … me, who am the Son of Man,” +24:30 qh3o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου & τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “of the Messiah … the Messiah” +24:30 orbw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πᾶσαι αἱ φυλαὶ τῆς γῆς 1 Here, the phrase **all the tribes of the earth** could refer to: (1) all the groups of people in the world. Alternate translation: “all the people in the world” (2) all the people who belong to the **tribes** of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the people of the tribes of Israel” +24:30 hrcu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ἐρχόμενον 1 Christians debate exactly what it means in this verse for the **the Son of Man** to be **coming**. Some think he is **coming** to God’s heavenly throne room. Others think he is **coming** back to earth. If possible, use a form that does not explicitly state where he is **coming**. Alternate translation: “traveling” or “going” +24:30 slgu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 The expression **of heaven** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “the clouds”\n +24:30 pb0x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μετὰ δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης πολλῆς 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **power** and **glory**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “as someone who is powerful and very glorious” or “powerfully and very gloriously” +24:31 rlb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ἀποστελεῖ τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ & αὐτοῦ 1 If you expressed the idea in the previous verse in first person instead of third person, you should also use the first person here. Alternate translation: “I will send my angels … my” +24:31 fl54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy μετὰ σάλπιγγος μεγάλης 1 Here, **a great trumpet** represents the very loud sound that this **trumpet** would make. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with a great trumpet call” +24:31 gq1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus is using the adjective **elect** as a noun to mean elect people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. See how you translated this word in [24:22](../24/22.md). Alternate translation: “his elect people” or “the people whom he has elected” +24:31 ibw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων ἀνέμων, ἀπ’ ἄκρων οὐρανῶν ἕως ἄκρων αὐτῶν 1 These two phrases mean similar things. The phrase **from the four winds** indicates that the **elect** are gathered from every direction. The phrase **from the ends of the heavens to the ends of them** indicates that they are gathered from the farthest places. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the two phrases and emphasize in another way the complete range of this gathering. Alternate translation: “from even the farthest points in every direction” +24:31 wp9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων ἀνέμων 1 The phrase **the four winds** refers to the four primary directions: north, south, east, and west, and so includes every place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “from the north, south, east, and west” or “from every place” +24:31 l1ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀπ’ ἄκρων οὐρανῶν ἕως ἄκρων αὐτῶν 1 Here, the phrase **the ends of the heavens** refers to the parts of the world that are the farthest away. Jesus means that the elect will be gathered from every place, no matter how far away. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the nearest to the farthest places” or “from even the farthest places” +24:32 n8t0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to speak about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,” +24:32 nxex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ἀπὸ & τῆς συκῆς, μάθετε τὴν παραβολήν 1 To teach the disciples, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “learn from this illustration concerning the fig tree” +24:32 bczg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τῆς συκῆς & ἤδη ὁ κλάδος αὐτῆς γένηται ἁπαλὸς καὶ τὰ φύλλα ἐκφύῃ 1 The phrase **fig tree** represents fig trees in general, not one particular fig tree. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “fig trees … their branches already become tender and they put out leaves” +24:32 ssh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἤδη ὁ κλάδος αὐτῆς γένηται ἁπαλὸς 1 Here, the clause **its branch already becomes tender** means that the **fig tree** has begun to grow new branches, which are **tender** when they are new. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “it grows new twigs” or “it sprouts fresh branches” +24:32 ro2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸ θέρος 1 In the location to which Jesus is referring, **summer** is the time of year when trees and plants grow and produce fruit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a term for a season in which plants and trees grow. Alternate translation: “the time for things to grow” or “the h ot season” +24:33 kf40 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῦτα, πάντα 1 Here, the phrase **all these things** refers back to what Jesus has described in [24:4–28](../24/04.md) or perhaps [24:4–31](../24/04.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all those things I have told you about” +24:33 ygke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐστιν 1 Here, the word translated **it** could: (1) refer to the coming of the Son of Man and the gathering of the elect, as described in [24:30–31](../24/30.md). Alternate translation: “his coming is” or (if you expressed Son of Man in the first person) “my coming is” (2) be translated as “he” and refer to the Son of Man. Alternate translation: “he is” or (if you expressed Son of Man in the first person) “I am” +24:33 cfz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐπὶ θύραις 1 The phrase **at the doors** indicates that something or someone is very near and ready to enter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “ready to enter” or “about to arrive” +24:34 k2oa ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell the disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”\n +24:34 y73t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη 1 Here, **generation** represents the people who are part of the generation, which means that they are adults who are alive at the same time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of this generation” +24:34 x4nd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη 1 Christians debate whom Jesus was referring to with the phrase **this generation**. See the chapter introduction for more information. Two possibilities are most likely. Jesus could be referring to: (1) the people who were alive while he was saying these words. Alternate translation: “people who are alive right now” (2) the people who will be alive when the things that he has described begin to happen. Alternate translation: “people who will be alive then” +24:34 gld5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ 1 Jesus is referring to death in a polite way by using the phrase **pass away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “will certainly not die” +24:34 r6sk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative phrase **certainly not** and the negative verb **pass away**. Alternate translation: “will certainly remain” +24:34 kinv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐ μὴ 1 The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means” +24:34 fb4k πάντα ταῦτα 1 Here, just as in [24:33](../24/33.md), the phrase **all these things** refers back to what Jesus has described in [24:4–28](../24/04.md) or perhaps [24:4–31](../24/04.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all those things I have told you about” +24:35 i8vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ 1 Here Jesus refers two main components of creation, **heaven** and **earth**, to refer to all of creation. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “All creation” or “The universe” +24:35 e6bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οἱ & λόγοι μου 1 Here, the phrase **my words** represents what Jesus has said using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things I have spoken”\n +24:35 v1ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐ μὴ παρέλθωσιν 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative phrase **certainly not** and the negative verb **pass away**. Alternate translation: “will always remain” +24:35 d7ev rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐ μὴ 1 The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means” +24:36 uitq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases περὶ δὲ τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης καὶ ὥρας 1 Here, the phrase **But concerning** introduces the next topic that Jesus wants to talk about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic. Alternate translation: “Next, I will talk about that day and hour. About them” +24:36 q4pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης καὶ ὥρας 1 The terms **day** and **hour** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “that specific time” +24:36 vico rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης καὶ ὥρας 1 Here Jesus is referring to the exact moment when this “age,” which is the current time period, will end (see the disciples’ question in [24:3](../24/03.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the end of the age” or “the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease” +24:36 lhrh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions οὐδεὶς οἶδεν, οὐδὲ οἱ ἄγγελοι τῶν οὐρανῶν, οὐδὲ ὁ Υἱός, εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατὴρ μόνος 1 If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “only the Father knows and no one else, neither the angels of the heavens, nor the Son” +24:36 wq5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession οἱ ἄγγελοι τῶν οὐρανῶν 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **angels** that are in **the heavens**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the angels in the heavens” +24:36 p5vu rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱός & ὁ Πατὴρ 1 **Son** and **Father** are important titles that describes the relationship between Jesus the Son and God the Father. Be sure to retain these titles in your translation. +24:36 espb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὁ Υἱός 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son” +24:37 mddt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here the word **For** introduces more information about how no one knows “that day or hour” (see [24:36](../24/36.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces more information, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “Indeed,” +24:37 dmm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὥσπερ & αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ Νῶε, οὕτως ἔσται ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here Jesus compares **the days of Noah** with **the coming of the Son of Man**. Jesus explains this comparison in the following verses, so you do not need to explain it here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that introduces a comparison. Alternate translation: “think about the days of Noah. That is what the coming of the Son of Man will be like” +24:37 bchy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ὥσπερ & αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ Νῶε 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “just as what occurred in the days of Noah” +24:37 hf51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ Νῶε 1 Here, the word **days** refers to a specific period of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the time when Noah was living” or “the time period of Noah” +24:37 jlbu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔσται ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here Jesus implies that **the Son of Man** will come back to this world at some point in the future. He is also implying that **the Son of Man** will leave this world before he comes back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some or all of those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “it will be when the Son of Man comes back to this world” or “it will be when the Son of Man, after leaving this world, comes back” +24:37 cpn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “of me, who am the Son of Man” +24:37 eu1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “of the Messiah” +24:38-39 vdyr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge ὡς γὰρ ἦσαν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταῖς πρὸ τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ, τρώγοντες καὶ πίνοντες, γαμοῦντες καὶ γαμίζοντες, ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας εἰσῆλθεν, Νῶε εἰς τὴν κιβωτόν & καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν, ἕως ἦλθεν ὁ κατακλυσμὸς καὶ ἦρεν ἅπαντας; οὕτως ἔσται καὶ ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [24:38](../24/38.md) and [24:39](../24/39.md) into a verse bridge, as the UST does, in order to include the information in sequential order. Alternate translation: “For as in the days before the flood they did not understand, and they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until that day Noah entered into the ark and the flood came and took {them} all away, thus also will be the coming of the Son of Man” +24:38 by8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces Jesus’ explanation of the comparison he just drew between the time of Noah and the coming of the Son of Man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Here is how they are similar:” or “Indeed,” +24:38 lh9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις & ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας 1 Here, the word **days** refers to a specific period of time, and the word **day** refers to a specific moment in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use comparable phrases or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the time … until the time when” or “in the time period … until the instant that” +24:38 pfyq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἦσαν & τρώγοντες καὶ πίνοντες, γαμοῦντες καὶ γαμίζοντες 1 Here Jesus describes several normal human activities (**eating**, **drinking**, and **marrying and giving in marriage**) in order to refer to normal human activities in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate more explicitly that these are examples of normal human activities, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they were doing regular activities, such as eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage” or “they were going about their normal lives” +24:38 kb2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἦσαν 1 The pronoun **they** refers to people in general. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use a form that refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “men and women were” or “most people were” +24:38 fgrq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit γαμοῦντες καὶ γαμίζοντες 1 In Jesus’ culture, it was customary to talk about men **marrying** and fathers **giving** their daughters **in marriage**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “men marrying and women being given in marriage” or “men and women marrying” +24:38 emls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns γαμίζοντες 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **marriage**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “causing to be married” +24:39 ffa6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν 1 Here, Jesus implies that **they did not know** what was about to happen to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “and they did not know what was about to happen to them” +24:39 ah5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism ἦρεν ἅπαντας 1 Here Jesus is referring to death in a polite way by using the phrase **took {them} all away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to death your language, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “swept them all away” or “killed them all” +24:39 ibcu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἅπαντας 1 Here, the word **all** does not include Noah and his family, who were in the ark. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all those outside the ark” +24:39 wcav rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile οὕτως ἔσται καὶ ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here Jesus concludes his comparison between the days of Noah and **the coming of the Son of Man**. He uses the comparison to show that **the coming of the Son of Man** will happen when people do not expect it, just as the flood came when people did not know that it was coming. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the meaning of the comparison more explicitly. Alternate translation: “thus also the coming of the Son of Man will happen when people are not expecting it” +24:40 orgi rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous τότε 1 Here, the word **Then** introduces something that will happen at the same time as the coming of the Son of Man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces something that happens at the same time as something else. Alternate translation: “At that time,” +24:40 hbqg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἔσονται δύο ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ; εἷς παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ εἷς ἀφίεται 1 Here Jesus uses **two** men in one **field** as a hypothetical example. He does not mean that this will happen to only **two** men in one specific **field**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that introduces a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “two, for example, will be in a field—one is taken, and one is left” +24:40 uzz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔσονται δύο ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ 1 Here Jesus implies that these **two** are working **in the field**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “two men will be working in the field” +24:40 itv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj δύο & εἷς & εἷς 1 Jesus is using the numbers **two** and **one** as nouns to mean **two** men or **one** man. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “two men … one man … one man” +24:40 re76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἷς παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ εἷς ἀφίεται 1 Here, Jesus describes a separation between **two** men working in a field. He could mean that: (1) the one who is **taken** will be with God, while the one who is **left** will be punished. Alternate translation: “one is taken to be with God, and one is left to be punished” (2) the one who is **taken** will be punished, while the one who is **left** will be with God. Alternate translation: “one is taken to be punished, and one is left to be with God” +24:40 gt4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive εἷς παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ εἷς ἀφίεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, it is clear from the context that it will be God. Alternate translation: “God will take one, and he will leave one” +24:40 ybz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense εἷς παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ εἷς ἀφίεται 1 Here Jesus uses the present tense to describe something that will happen in the future. He does this because it was a vivid way to tell a story in his language. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense would be natural for telling a story about what will happen. Alternate translation: “one will be taken, and one will be left” +24:41 ie86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo δύο ἀλήθουσαι ἐν τῷ μύλῳ; μία παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ μία ἀφίεται 1 Here Jesus uses **two** women grinding with one **mill** as a hypothetical example. He does not mean that this will happen to only **two** women using one specific **mill**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that introduces a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Two, for example, grinding with a mill—one is taken, and one is left” +24:41 abwe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis δύο ἀλήθουσαι 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Two will be grinding” +24:41 pq2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj δύο & μία & μία 1 Jesus is using the numbers **two** and **one** as nouns to mean **two** women or **one** woman. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “two women … one woman … one woman” +24:41 va7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀλήθουσαι ἐν τῷ μύλῳ 1 The term **grinding** refers to the process of breaking up grain into very small pieces so that it can be used for cooking. A **mill** was a large stone that people would use to grind the grain. If your readers would not be familiar with grain, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “grinding grain” or “preparing food” +24:41 hf4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μία παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ μία ἀφίεται 1 Here, Jesus describes a separation between **two** women grinding with a mill. See how you expressed the idea in [24:40](../24/40.md). Jesus could mean that: (1) the one who is **taken** will be with God, while the one who is **left** will be punished. Alternate translation: “one is taken to be with God, and one is left to be punished” (2) the one who is **taken** will be punished, while the one who is **left** will be with God. Alternate translation: “one is taken to be punished, and one is left to be with God” +24:41 eail rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μία παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ μία ἀφίεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, it is clear from the context that it will be God. Alternate translation: “God will take one, and he will leave one” +24:41 atnp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense μία παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ μία ἀφίεται 1 Here Jesus uses the present tense to describe something that will happen in the future. He does this because it was a vivid way to tell a story in his language. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense would be natural for telling a story about what will happen. See how you expressed the idea in [24:40](../24/40.md). Alternate translation: “one will be taken, and one will be left” +24:42 pigu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γρηγορεῖτε & ὅτι οὐκ οἴδατε ποίᾳ ἡμέρᾳ ὁ Κύριος ὑμῶν ἔρχεται 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the command in the first clause. Alternate translation: “since you do not know on what day your Lord will come, be alert” +24:42 o91e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ποίᾳ ἡμέρᾳ 1 Here, the word **day** refers to a specific moment in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at what hour” or “the time when” +24:42 qai0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὁ Κύριος ὑμῶν 1 Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am your Lord,” +24:42 gku0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔρχεται 1 See how you translated “coming” in [24:37](../24/37.md). Alternate translation: “will come back to this world” or “will, after leaving this world, come back” +24:43 kxn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further,” +24:43 fh50 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἐκεῖνο & γινώσκετε, ὅτι εἰ ᾔδει ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης, ποίᾳ φυλακῇ ὁ κλέπτης ἔρχεται, ἐγρηγόρησεν ἂν, καὶ οὐκ ἂν εἴασεν διορυχθῆναι τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ 1 Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to teach his disciples to be alert while they wait for him to return. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “know this: imagine that the master of the house had known in which watch thief comes. Then, he would have been alert and would not have allowed his house to be broken into” +24:43 ak6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo ἐκεῖνο & γινώσκετε, ὅτι 1 Here, the word **this** introduces the phrase that begins with **that**. This was a powerful way to introduce a statement in Jesus’ culture. If this form would be redundant in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “know that” +24:43 wtgg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ἐκεῖνο & γινώσκετε, ὅτι 1 To teach his disciples, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “listen to this story:” +24:43 ki5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ποίᾳ φυλακῇ 1 Here, the word **watch** refers to a specific period of time during the night. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to a period of time during the night. Alternate translation: “in which part of the night” +24:43 mzgy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ἔρχεται 1 Here Jesus uses the present tense to refer to the future **coming** of the thief. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense would be natural to refer to this action. Alternate translation: “would come” +24:43 lg7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive διορυχθῆναι τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who would do the action, it is clear from the context that the thief would do it. Alternate translation: “the thief to break into his house” +24:44 yt4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο καὶ, ὑμεῖς γίνεσθε ἕτοιμοι, ὅτι ᾗ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὥρᾳ, ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἔρχεται 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second and third clauses give the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “For this reason, because the Son of Man comes in that hour you do not think, you also be ready” +24:44 tub2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Here, the phrase **For this reason** introduces how Jesus applies the story about the master of the house and the thief. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an application or implication. Alternate translation: “Here is what that means:” or “Given that illustration,” +24:44 ess8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ᾗ & ὥρᾳ 1 Here, the word **hour** refers to a specific moment in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at that time” or “at that moment” +24:44 eiz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ δοκεῖτε 1 Here Jesus means that **the Son of Man** will come when they **do not think** he will. In other words, his coming will be unexpected. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “that you do not think he will” +24:44 gd17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, come” +24:44 fi07 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “the Messiah” +24:44 gu6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἔρχεται 1 See how you translated “coming” in [24:37](../24/37.md). Alternate translation: “the Son of Man comes back to this world” or “the Son of Man, after leaving this world, comes back” +24:44 l517 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ἔρχεται 1 Here Jesus uses the present tense to refer to when he will come in the future. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense would be natural to refer to this action. Alternate translation: “will come” +24:45 f92d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τίς ἄρα ἐστὶν ὁ πιστὸς δοῦλος καὶ φρόνιμος, ὃν κατέστησεν ὁ κύριος ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκετείας αὐτοῦ, τοῦ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς τὴν τροφὴν ἐν καιρῷ 1 Jesus is using the question form to introduce a further illustration or application of what he has been saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Consider, then, who might be the faithful and wise slave whom the master has appointed over his household to give them their food in time.” or “You should know, then, who is the faithful and wise slave whom the master has appointed over his household to give them their food in time!” +24:45 weju rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result τίς ἄρα 1 Here the word **then** introduces an inference that Jesus draws from what he has said about being alert and ready. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces an inference, or you could leave **then** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Given what I have said, who” or “So then, who” +24:45 dcpi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃν κατέστησεν ὁ κύριος ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκετείας αὐτοῦ 1 The implication, as the rest of the parable makes clear, is that the **master** is making this arrangement temporarily and provisionally because he is going to be absent for a time. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “whom his master, while he goes away for a while, has appointed over his household” +24:45 k3j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal τοῦ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς τὴν τροφὴν 1 Here, the phrase **to give** introduces the purpose for which the **master** appointed the slave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of giving them their food” +24:45 orfi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν καιρῷ 1 Here, the phrase **in time** refers to the appropriate or correct **time** for something to happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the appropriate times” or “when it is time” +24:46 r9mw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μακάριος 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God will bless” +24:46 eo3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθὼν 1 Here Jesus implies that the **master** comes back from a trip or absence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having come back” +24:46 g9t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὕτως ποιοῦντα 1 Here, the word **thus** refers to giving food to the rest of the household at the appropriate times (see [24:45](../24/45.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “doing that task” or “giving food to the household at the proper times” +24:47 m4u1 ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell the disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you” +24:48-50 m121 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἐὰν & εἴπῃ ὁ κακὸς δοῦλος ἐκεῖνος ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ, χρονίζει μου ὁ κύριος & καὶ ἄρξηται τύπτειν τοὺς συνδούλους αὐτοῦ, ἐσθίῃ δὲ καὶ πίνῃ μετὰ τῶν μεθυόντων & ἥξει ὁ κύριος τοῦ δούλου ἐκείνου ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ οὐ προσδοκᾷ, καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γινώσκει 1 Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to teach his disciples about how they should not behave while they wait for him to return. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “imagine that the slave is evil and says in his heart, ‘My master is delaying,’ and he begins to beat his fellow slaves and eats and drinks with the ones being drunk. As he is doing those things, the master of that slave will come on a day that he does not expect and at an hour that he does not know” +24:48 f9ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy εἴπῃ & ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 In Matthew’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the places where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “says in his head” or “says to himself” +24:48 per6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ, χρονίζει μου ὁ κύριος 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “in his that his master delays” +24:48 cvdb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit χρονίζει 1 Here the slave is implying that his master **delays** his return. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “delays coming back” +24:50 icgq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἥξει 1 Here Jesus implies that the master **will come** back from a trip or absence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “will come back” +24:50 bz5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ οὐ προσδοκᾷ, καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γινώσκει 1 The clauses **on a day that he does not expect** and **at an hour that he does not know** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two clauses together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single clause. Alternate translation: “on a day that he does not know” or “at a time that he does not expect” +24:50 ss9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ἡμέρᾳ & ἐν ὥρᾳ 1 Jesus is using the terms **day** and **hour** to refer to a specific moment in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use comparable phrases or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at a time … at a moment” +24:51 jj2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor διχοτομήσει αὐτὸν 1 Here, the phrase **cut him in two** could refer to: (1) a severe punishment that does not kill the slave. This is supported by how the following clauses imply that the slave is still alive, which he would not be if he had literally been cut in two. Alternate translation: “he will discipline him painfully” (2) the slave literally being cut into two pieces. Alternate translation: “he will have him cut in half” +24:51 pv2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ὑποκριτῶν θήσει 1 Here, the phrase **appoint his place with the hypocrites** indicates that the slave will be treated as **the hypocrites** are. More specifically, if the phrase **cut him in two** refers to: (1) a severe punishment, then Jesus indicates that the slave is punished in the same place where **the hypocrites** are punished. Alternate translation: “cause him to be punished where the hypocrites are punished” (2) literally killing the servant, then Jesus indicates that the slave ends up after his death where **the hypocrites** end up: in hell. Alternate translation: “send him to hell with the hypocrites” +24:51 rwd5 ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 This clause is identical to the last clause in [8:12](../08/12.md). Translate it as you did there. 25:intro qe8a 0 # Matthew 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter continues the teaching of the previous chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The parable of the ten virgins\n\nJesus told the parable of the ten virgins in [25:1–13](../25/01.md) to tell his followers to be ready for him to return. His hearers could understand the parable because they knew Jewish wedding customs. When the Jews arranged marriages, they would plan for the wedding to take place weeks or months later. At the appointed time, the bridegroom would go to his bride’s house and she would be waiting for him there. The wedding ceremony would take place, and then the man and his bride would travel to his home, where there would be a feast. In this parable, the bridegroom represents Jesus, the five foolish virgins represent false believers in Jesus who do not prepare for Jesus’ return, and the five wise virgins represent true Christians who are ready for Jesus to come back at the end of the world. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### The parable of the talents\n\nJesus told the parable of the talents in [25:14–30](../25/14.md) to teach that true Christians use the blessings that God gives them in order to live fruitful lives that glorify him. Jesus’ hearers could understand the parable because they knew about investing money and the relationship between masters and slaves. In this parable, the master represents Jesus, the “talents” (a form of money) represent blessings from God, the two good slaves represent true Christians who faithfully use the blessings that God gives them, and the wicked slave represents false believers in Jesus.\n\nA talent was a unit of weight that, when used for precious metals, was also a unit of money. One talent weighed nearly 30 kilograms or over 60 pounds. One silver talent was the equivalent of over 16 years’ wages for a laborer. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. See the suggestions at each occurrence of the word “talent” in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) 25:1 em28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τότε 1 Here, **Then** refers to the time in the future when Jesus will return to the world. He called this time “the coming of the Son of Man” in [24:37](../24/37.md) and the “day your Lord is coming” in [24:42](../24/42.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “At the time I return to the world” 25:1 zfdl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables ὁμοιωθήσεται ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν δέκα παρθένοις 1 In [25:1–13](../25/01.md), Jesus is explaining about **the kingdom of the heavens** by telling a brief story that provides an illustration. See the discussion of this parable in the General Notes for this chapter.