From 1ea651336fb83856fe11982253b22fcfb84e70fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Perry J Oakes Date: Tue, 8 Oct 2024 22:00:27 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Merge pjoakes-tc-create-1 into master by pjoakes (#3845) --- tn_JOL.tsv | 15 ++++++++------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_JOL.tsv b/tn_JOL.tsv index 5e7c4e2c75..b2c30745ff 100644 --- a/tn_JOL.tsv +++ b/tn_JOL.tsv @@ -1,20 +1,21 @@ Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note -front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the book of Joel\n\n1:1–20 Joel describes the effects of the locust attack and calls the people to mourn\n2:1–11 Joel depicts the locust swarm as an army and the attack as the “day of Yahweh”\n2:12–17 Joel and Yahweh call the people of Judah to repentance\n2:18–27 Yahweh promises to have mercy on his people and restore them\n2:28–32 Yahweh says that in the future he will pour out his Spirit\n3:1–21 Yahweh declares that he will judge the nations\n\n### What is the book of Joel about?\n\nThe main idea in the book of Joel is how the people of Judah should understand the spiritual significance of an unprecedented locust attack. The prophet Joel told them to understand it as an expression of the “day of Yahweh,” the occasion on which Yahweh would judge people and punish them for disobedience or reward them for obedience. Joel did not mean that the end of the world had come, but that the people should recognize that Yahweh was acting in judgment as he would at the end of the world. As the book progresses, Joel moves from his spiritual interpretation of the current locust plague to talking about the actual end of the world and final judgment. The apostles of Jesus understood some of Joel’s prophecies to have been fulfilled in their own day. In Acts 2:17 and 2:21, Peter quoted Joel 2:28 and 2:32, where Yahweh says, “I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh” and “everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved.”\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe traditional title of this book is “The Book of Joel” or just “Joel.” Translators may also call it the “The Message from Joel” or “The Sayings of Joel.”\n\n### Who wrote the book of Joel?\n\nThis book contains the prophecies of an Israelite named Joel. The title of the book states that he was the “son of Pethuel,” but it gives no further information about him. The book also does not tell when Joel prophesied.\n\n## Part 2: Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### The locust attack\n\nLocust attacks occurred often in the ancient Near East. Certain kinds of grasshoppers would come in countless numbers. There would be so many that they would darken the sky like a black cloud that blocked the sunlight. They often came after a long period of no rain. They came down on whatever crops were surviving in the fields and stripped them bare of their leaves. The locusts could not be stopped and caused terrible damage. There are various names for locusts in the original language of the Old Testament. It is uncertain whether these refer to different kinds of locusts or to the same kind of locust in different stages of growth. For this reason, versions of the Bible differ in how they translate these terms. See the note to 1:4 for a suggestion of how you might do this in your translation.\n\n## Part 3: Translation Issues\n\n### Representing the poetry of the Book of Joel in your translation\n\nThe poetry in the book of Joel consists almost entirely paired phrases that both mean basically the same thing. The second phrase emphasizes the meaning of the first phrase by repeating the same idea in different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. It may be clearer in your language to connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. For example, in 1:2, you might say, “Hear this, you elders! Yes, listen, all of the dwellers of the land!” In 1:5, you might say, “Wake up, drunkards, and weep! Indeed, wail, all of the drinkers of wine.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Litanies\n\nIn two places in the book, 1:4 and 2:9, Joel uses a repetitive series of similarly structured sentences for emphasis. This repetitive style of speaking or writing is called a “litany.” While in each case these brief litanies consist of two lines of poetry, in your translation you may wish to represent them as separate shorter lines, as illustrated here. This would show the rhetorical device that Joel is employing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litany]])\n\n1:4 The residue of the cutting locust,\n\nthe swarming locust has eaten,\n\nand the residue of the swarming locust,\n\nthe hopping locust has eaten,\n\nand the residue of the hopping locust,\n\nthe destroying locust has eaten.\n\n2:9 Upon the city they rush,\n\non the wall they run,\n\ninto the houses they climb,\n\nthrough the windows they enter like thieves.\n\n### Speakers describe results before giving reasons\n\nThroughout their speeches in the book, Joel and Yahweh typically describe a result before giving the reason for it. If it would be more natural in your language, in all or some of these cases, you could reverse the order and first present the phrase or clause that gives the reason and then present the phrase or clause that presents the result. For example, in 1:17, instead of saying, “The storehouses are desolate, the granaries have been broken down, for the grain has dried up,” you could say, “Because the grain has dried up, the storehouses are desolate, the granaries have been broken down.” In 2:21, rather than saying, “Do not fear, land! Be glad and rejoice, for Yahweh has been great in doing,” you could say, “Yahweh has been great in doing! So do not fear, land. Be glad and rejoice.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])\n\n### Travel descriptions marked for change in elevation\n\nIn several places in the book (1:6, 3:2, 3:9, 3:11, 3:12), the ULT has the terms “up” or “down” in descriptions of travel. That shows how Hebrew marked such descriptions for changes in elevation. If your language does not do that, you can use expressions without “up” and “down,” for example, in 1:6, “a nation has come against my land” rather than “a nation has come up against my land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -1:intro q2ev 0 # Joel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Joel describes the effects of the locust attack and calls the people to mourn\n\nAfter the book title in 1:1, the ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than its usual text because it is poetry.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Locusts\n\nThis book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come, and they progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards. and even the trees. It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience large locust swarms that would come and eat all crops in their fields. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts as Joel describes them.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### “House” meaning “temple”\n\nSeveral times in this chapter (1:9, 1:13, 1:14, 1:16), Joel uses the term “house” to mean Yahweh’s “temple.” He speaks of this temple as if it were a house in which God lived, since God’s presence was there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the book of Joel\n\n1:1–20 Joel describes the effects of the locust attack and calls the people to mourn\n2:1–11 Joel depicts the locust swarm as an army and the attack as the “day of Yahweh”\n2:12–17 Joel and Yahweh call the people of Judah to repentance\n2:18–27 Yahweh promises to have mercy on his people and restore them\n2:28–32 Yahweh says that in the future he will pour out his Spirit\n3:1–21 Yahweh declares that he will judge the nations\n\n### What is the book of Joel about?\n\nThe main idea in the book of Joel is how the people of Judah should understand the spiritual significance of an unprecedented locust attack. The prophet Joel told them to understand it as an expression of the “day of Yahweh,” the occasion on which Yahweh would judge people and punish them for disobedience or reward them for obedience. Joel did not mean that the end of the world had come, but that the people should recognize that Yahweh was acting in judgment as he would at the end of the world. As the book progresses, Joel moves from his spiritual interpretation of the current locust plague to talking about the actual end of the world and final judgment. The apostles of Jesus understood some of Joel’s prophecies to have been fulfilled in their own day. In Acts 2:17 and 2:21, Peter quoted Joel 2:28 and 2:32, where Yahweh says, “I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh” and “everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved.”\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe traditional title of this book is “The Book of Joel” or just “Joel.” Translators may also call it the “The Message from Joel” or “The Sayings of Joel.”\n\n### Who wrote the book of Joel?\n\nThis book contains the prophecies of an Israelite named Joel. The title of the book states that he was the “son of Pethuel,” but it gives no further information about him. The book also does not tell when Joel prophesied.\n\n## Part 2: Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### The locust attack\n\nLocust attacks occurred often in the ancient Near East. Certain kinds of grasshoppers would come in countless numbers. There would be so many that they would darken the sky like a black cloud that blocked the sunlight. They often came after a long period of no rain. They came down on whatever crops were surviving in the fields and stripped them bare of their leaves. The locusts could not be stopped and they caused terrible damage. There are various names for locusts in the original language of the Old Testament. It is uncertain whether these refer to different kinds of locusts or to the same kind of locust in different stages of growth. For this reason, versions of the Bible differ in how they translate these terms. See the note to 1:4 for a suggestion of how you might do this in your translation.\n\n## Part 3: Translation Issues\n\n### Representing the poetry of the Book of Joel in your translation\n\nThe poetry in the book of Joel consists almost entirely of paired phrases that both mean basically the same thing. The second phrase emphasizes the meaning of the first phrase by repeating the same idea in different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. It may be clearer in your language to connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. For example, in 1:2, you might say, “Hear this, you elders! Yes, listen, all of the dwellers of the land!” In 1:5, you might say, “Wake up, drunkards, and weep! Indeed, wail, all of the drinkers of wine.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Litanies\n\nIn two places in the book, 1:4 and 2:9, Joel uses a repetitive series of similarly structured sentences for emphasis. This repetitive style of speaking or writing is called a “litany.” While in each case these brief litanies consist of two lines of poetry, in your translation you may wish to represent them as separate shorter lines, as illustrated here. This would show the rhetorical device that Joel is employing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litany]])\n\n1:4 The residue of the cutting locust,\n\nthe swarming locust has eaten,\n\nand the residue of the swarming locust,\n\nthe hopping locust has eaten,\n\nand the residue of the hopping locust,\n\nthe destroying locust has eaten.\n\n2:9 Upon the city they rush,\n\non the wall they run,\n\ninto the houses they climb,\n\nthrough the windows they enter like thieves.\n\n### Speakers describe results before giving reasons\n\nThroughout their speeches in the book, Joel and Yahweh typically describe a result before giving the reason for it. If it would be more natural in your language, in all or some of these cases, you could reverse the order and first present the phrase or clause that gives the reason and then present the phrase or clause that presents the result. For example, in 1:17, instead of saying, “The storehouses are desolate, the granaries have been broken down, for the grain has dried up,” you could say, “Because the grain has dried up, the storehouses are desolate, the granaries have been broken down.” In 2:21, rather than saying, “Do not fear, land! Be glad and rejoice, for Yahweh has been great in doing,” you could say, “Yahweh has been great in doing! So do not fear, land. Be glad and rejoice.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])\n\n### Travel descriptions marked for change in elevation\n\nIn several places in the book (1:6, 3:2, 3:9, 3:11, 3:12), the ULT has the terms “up” or “down” in descriptions of travel. That shows how Hebrew marked such descriptions for changes in elevation. If your language does not do that, you can use expressions without “up” and “down,” for example, in 1:6, “a nation has come against my land” rather than “a nation has come up against my land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1:intro q2ev 0 # Joel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Joel describes the effects of the locust attack and calls the people to mourn.\n\nAfter the book title in 1:1, the ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than its usual text because it is poetry.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Locusts\n\nThis book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation that they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come, and they progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards, and even the trees. It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience large locust swarms that would come and eat all crops in their fields. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts as Joel describes them.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### “House” meaning “temple”\n\nSeveral times in this chapter (1:9, 1:13, 1:14, 1:16), Joel uses the term “house” to mean Yahweh’s “temple.” He speaks of this temple as if it were a house in which God lived, since God’s presence was there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1:1 a3b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pethuel 1 The word **Pethuel** is the name of a man. 1:1 a3b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The word of Yahweh that was 1 Joel is using the term **word** to mean the message that Yahweh gave, by association with the way words are used to communicate messages. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The message that Yahweh gave” -1:2 j001 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your fathers 1 Joel is not referring to the literal **fathers** of the Israelites he is addressing. He is using that term to mean their ancestors. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors” -1:2 c9d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in your days or in the days of 1 Joel is using the term **days** to mean a period of time, by association with the way days make up longer periods of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your time or in the time of” +1:1 ltl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh that was 1 This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh spoke or communicated his message in some way to the prophet Joel. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The message of Yahweh that came” or “The message that Yahweh spoke” 1:2 d6e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Hear this, you elders, and listen, all of the dwellers of the land 1 See the discussion in the General Introduction to Joel of how Hebrew poetry consisted of paired phrases that meant basically the same thing. Decide as a translation team how you will represent this poetry in your translation throughout the book of Joel. Alternate translation: “Hear this, you elders! Yes, listen, all of the dwellers of the land!” 1:2 q3r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Has this been in your days or in the days of your fathers? 1 Joel is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “This has not happened in your days or in the days of your fathers!” +1:2 c9d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in your days or in the days of 1 Joel is using the term **days** to mean a period of time, by association with the way days make up longer periods of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your time or in the time of” +1:2 j001 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your fathers 1 Joel is not referring to the literal **fathers** of the Israelites he is addressing. He is using that term to mean their ancestors. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors” 1:3 d4e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and your sons to their sons, and their sons to the generation after 1 Joel is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and let your sons recount it to their sons, and let their sons recount it to the generation after” 1:3 f7g5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations to your sons, and your sons to their sons, and their sons 1 Here the masculine term **sons** has a generic sense that includes both male and female children. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “to your children, and your children to their children, and their children” 1:3 s9t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular Recount about it to your sons, and your sons 1 The imperative **Recount** and the word **your** are plural here because Joel is addressing the “elders” and “dwellers” mentioned in the previous verse. So use plural forms in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 1:4 h9j4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun The residue of the cutting locust, the swarming locust has eaten, and the residue of the swarming locust, the hopping locust has eaten, and the residue of the hopping locust, the destroying locust has eaten 1 Joel is not referring to specific locusts of these types. He means locusts of these types in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “The residue of the cutting locusts, swarming locusts have eaten, and the residue of the swarming locusts, hopping locusts have eaten, and the residue of the hopping locusts, destroying locusts have eaten” 1:4 m9p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litany The residue of the cutting locust, the swarming locust has eaten, and the residue of the swarming locust, the hopping locust has eaten, and the residue of the hopping locust, the destroying locust has eaten 1 See the discussion in the General Introduction to Joel of the litany form and how you might format this verse in your translation to show that Joel is using it. -1:4 r2s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown The residue of the cutting locust, the swarming locust has eaten, and the residue of the swarming locust, the hopping locust has eaten, and the residue of the hopping locust, the destroying locust has eaten 1 The terms **cutting**, **swarming**, **hopping**, and **destroying** describe different kinds of locusts. Interpreters are no longer certain specifically what kinds of locusts these were. You may wish to use more general expressions in your translation. Alternate translation: “The residue of one kind of locust, another kind of locust has eaten, and the residue of that kind of locust, yet another kind of locust has eaten, and the residue of that kind of locust, still another kind of locust has eaten” +1:4 r2s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown The residue of the cutting locust, the swarming locust has eaten, and the residue of the swarming locust, the hopping locust has eaten, and the residue of the hopping locust, the destroying locust has eaten 1 The terms **cutting**, **swarming**, **hopping**, and **destroying** describe different kinds of locusts. Interpreters are not certain specifically what kinds of locusts these were. You may wish to use more general expressions in your translation. Alternate translation: “The residue of one kind of locust, another kind of locust has eaten, and the residue of that kind of locust, yet another kind of locust has eaten, and the residue of that kind of locust, still another kind of locust has eaten” 1:5 f2g7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result Wake up, drunkards, and weep! And wail, all of the drinkers of wine, upon the sweet wine, for it has been cut off from your mouth 1 See the discussion in the General Introduction to Joel of places such as this where the speaker describes a result before giving the reason for it. If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “The sweet wine has been cut off from your mouth, so wail upon it, all of the drinkers of wine” -1:5 q7n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom it has been cut off from your mouth 1 This is a common expression that means that something is no longer available. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “it is no longer available for you to drink” +1:5 q7n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom it has been cut off from your mouth 1 This is an expression that means that something is no longer available. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “it is no longer available for you to drink” 1:5 v7w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns from your mouth 1 Since Joel is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **mouth**. Alternate translation: “from your mouths” 1:5 w4x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it has been cut off from your mouth 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the locusts have cut it off from your mouth” 1:6 j002 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a nation 1 Joel is speaking as if this locust swarm were literally a **nation**, meaning in this context an “army.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a great swarm of locusts” @@ -285,4 +286,4 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\ 3:21 d8e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person for Yahweh {is} dwelling in Zion 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “for I am dwelling in Zion” 3:21 e1f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations for Yahweh {is} dwelling in Zion 1 Some versions do not treat this clause as part of the direct quotation of Yahweh in 3:17–21. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to follow the quotation boundaries that it has. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the same boundaries as the ULT. 3:21 j061 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their blood 1 Yahweh is using the term **blood** to mean the deaths of people, by association with the people may shed their blood when they die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their deaths” -3:21 r3s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants And I will acquit their blood {that} I have not acquitted 1 See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter of an alternate reading for this phrase. Alternate translation: “And I will avenge their blood {that} I have not avenged” +3:21 r3s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants And I will acquit their blood {that} I have not acquitted 1 See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter of an alternate reading for this phrase. Alternate translation: “And I will avenge their blood {that} I have not avenged” \ No newline at end of file