diff --git a/tn_MAT.tsv b/tn_MAT.tsv index 54b70b2ee2..21d96fd3bf 100644 --- a/tn_MAT.tsv +++ b/tn_MAT.tsv @@ -645,10 +645,10 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 5:40 fcgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ τὸν χιτῶνά σου λαβεῖν 1 Here, the word **and** introduces the result of **judgment** being **passed upon you**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this more explicit. Alternate translation: “with the result that he takes away your tunic” 5:40 t9f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸν χιτῶνά & ἱμάτιον 1 The **tunic** was worn close to the body, like a heavy shirt or a sweater. The **cloak**, the more valuable of the two, was worn over the **tunic** for warmth and could be used as a blanket for warmth at night. If your readers would not be familiar with these kinds of garments, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “inner garment … outer garment”\n 5:40 ckn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτῷ 1 Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “him or her” -5:41 hv2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ὅστις σε ἀγγαρεύσει μίλιον ἕν, ὕπαγε μετ’ αὐτοῦ δύο 1 Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Use a natural method in your language for introducing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “if someone compels you to go one mile, you should go with him two” -5:41 i867 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σε ἀγγαρεύσει 1 Here, the phrase **compel you to go** refers to a person in authority forcing someone else to carry his or her pack or belongings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this idea explicit. Alternate translation: “will force you to carry their pack for” or “will make you act as their porter for” +5:41 hv2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ὅστις σε ἀγγαρεύσει μίλιον ἕν, ὕπαγε μετ’ αὐτοῦ δύο 1 Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Use a natural method in your language for introducing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “if someone presses you into service for one mile, you should go with him two” +5:41 i867 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σε ἀγγαρεύσει 1 Here, the phrase **press you into service** refers to a person in authority forcing someone else to carry his or her pack or belongings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this idea explicit. Alternate translation: “will force you to carry his pack for” or “will make you act as his porter for” 5:41 bmme rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd σε & ὕπαγε 1 Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation. -5:41 i86s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance μίλιον ἕν 1 Here, **one mile** refers to the Roman mile, which was 1,000 paces. In modern measurements, this is about 4,860 feet or 1,480 meters. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this in terms of modern measurements, either in the text or a footnote. It is not important to the meaning of the passage be precise about the distance, so you could use round numbers. Alternate translation: “1,500 meters” or “one kilometer” or “5,000 feet” +5:41 i86s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance μίλιον ἕν 1 Here, **one mile** refers to the Roman mile, which was 1,000 paces. In modern measurements, this is about 4,860 feet or 1,480 meters. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this in terms of modern measurements, either in the text or a footnote. It is not important to the meaning of the passage be precise about the distance, so you could use round numbers. Alternate translation: “for 1,500 meters” or “for one kilometer” or “for 5,000 feet” 5:41 zv6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ὕπαγε μετ’ αὐτοῦ δύο 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “go with him two miles” 5:41 s4kl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτοῦ 1 Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “him or her” 5:42 i90h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ αἰτοῦντί σε, δός 1 Here Jesus does not specify what the person is **asking** for or what should be given. He does this to include many things that a person might ask for. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include a generic or general object. Alternate translation: “Give to the one asking you for anything” or “When a person asks you for anything, give it to him or her” @@ -4965,194 +4965,278 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 26:75 r39l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἀπαρνήσῃ 1 Since Jesus had said this to Peter, the word **you** here is singular. 26:75 rgvk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξελθὼν ἔξω 1 This expression means that Peter left the courtyard and went completely **outside** the area where the house of the high priest was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having gone out of the courtyard and away from the house” 26:75 hjr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come” -27:intro deu4 0 # Matthew 27 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “The curtain of the temple was split in two”\n\nThe curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly, because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus’ people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins.\n\n### The tomb\n\nThe tomb in which Jesus was buried ([27:60](../27/60.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Sarcasm\n\nIn [27:28–29](../27/28.md) the soldiers were insulting Jesus when they put a “scarlet robe” on him, placed a “crown of thorns” on his head, said, “Hail, King of the Jews,” and knelt down in front of him. These actions were symbolic of things that people would do to honor a king, but the soldiers did not really believe that Jesus was a king. By pretending that they thought Jesus was a king, and by putting a “crown of thorns” on Jesus’ head instead of a regular crown, and by spitting on him and “striking him on his head” (See: [27:30](../27/30.md)) the soldiers showed that they did not believe that Jesus was the Son of God. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/mock]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Golgotha\n\nThe word “Golgotha” is an Aramaic word. Matthew used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic word so that his readers would know how it sounded, and then he told them it meant “Place of a Skull.” You may also use the letters of your language to express the sound of this Aramaic word. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n### Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?\n\nThis is an Aramaic phrase. Matthew used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic phrase so that his readers would know how it sounded, and then he told them that it meant “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” You may also use the letters of your language to express the sounds of these Aramaic words. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -27:1 qe1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is a new event that happened right after the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then” +27:intro deu4 0 # Matthew 27 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n11. The crucifixion of Jesus, his death and resurrection (26:1-28:19)\n * The Jewish council sends Jesus to Pilate, the governor (27:1–2)\n * Judas repents and kills himself (27:3–10)\n * Jesus’ trial before Pilate, the governor (27:11–26)\n * Jesus is crucified (27:27–56)\n * The soldiers mock Jesus (27:27–31)\n * Jesus is crucified, and people mock him (27:32–44)\n * Jesus dies (27:45–56)\n * Joseph of Arimathea buries Jesus’ body (27:57–61)\n * The chief priests and Pharisees secure Jesus’ tomb (27:62–66)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The prophecy about the 30 pieces of silver and the field of the potter\n\nIn [27:3–8](../27/03.md), Matthew tells the story of how Judas returned the 30 pieces of silver that the Jewish leaders had paid him to hand Jesus over. The leaders used that money to buy “the field of the potter” as a burial ground for foreigners. Then, in [27:9–10](../27/09.md), Matthew indicates that these events “fulfilled” what the prophet Jeremiah spoke. Then, Matthew summarizes or paraphrases [Zechariah 11:12–13](../zec/11/12.md), [Jeremiah 19:1–13](../jer/19/01.md), and [Jeremiah 32:6–9](../jer/32/06.md). These passages speak about a potter, 30 pieces of silver, or someone buying a field. Since Matthew indicates that he is referring to what Jeremiah said, you too should indicate that these words come from Jeremiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that Matthew is summarizing or paraphrasing from another text.\n\n### The drinks that people offered to Jesus\n\nIn [27:34](../27/34.md), the soldiers offer Jesus “wine mixed with gall.” In [27:48](../27/48.md), someone offers Jesus “vinegar.” In both cases, scholars debate whether people offered these drinks to help Jesus by easing the pain or quenching his thirst or whether they offered these drinks to torment Jesus by giving him a bad-tasting drink. Since it is not obvious what the purpose of the drinks were, if possible express the idea in such a way that your readers could draw either conclusion. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could include some extra information in a footnote. See the notes on these verses for translation options.\n\n### Calling Elijah\n\nIn [27:46](../27/46.md), Jesus calls out “Eli, Eli,” which is how Jesus said “My God, my God” in his language. Some of the people standing there misheard him and thought that he was calling out to “Elijah,” a prophet with a name that sounds like “Eli.” There is a story about this Elijah in [2 Kings 2:11–12](../2ki/02/11.md), where God takes him into heaven. So, some people believed that Elijah did not die and would someday return. The people who thought Jesus was calling to Elijah thought that he was asking Elijah to return and rescue him. If your readers would not understand why the people standing near Jesus speak about Elijah, you could include some extra information in your translation or include this information in a footnote. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/names/elijah]])\n\n### The curtain of the temple tearing from top to bottom\n\nThe “curtain” to which Matthew refers in [27:51](../27/51.md) could be either the curtain that separated the Most Holy Place from the rest of the temple, or it could be the curtain that separated the Holy Place from the rest of the temple area. Matthew indicates that this curtain tore from the top to the bottom, which means that a person did not do it. Christians debate what the tearing of this curtain might have symbolized. There are at least three major options:\n\n1. the tearing of the curtain could indicate that access to God is now available to everyone.\n2. the tearing of the curtain could indicate that God is going to destroy the temple.\n3. the tearing of the curtain could indicate that God is about to do something powerful.\n\nSince Matthew does not explain what the tearing of the curtain means, you should not explain it in your translation. However, if it would be helpful for your readers, you could include what it might mean in a footnote.\n\n### The tomb of Joseph of Arimathea\n\nThe tomb in which Jesus was buried ([27:60](../27/60.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an large hole or room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.\n\n### Sealing the tomb\n\nIn [27:66](../27/66.md), Matthew indicates that the chief priests and Pharisees “sealed” Jesus tomb. This means that they used something, probably wax on which they put a special symbol, to mark the stone that closed the tomb. It is not clear exactly where they put the “seal.” They might have attached it to the edge of the stone. They might have tied a rope around the stone and put the “seal” there. However, it was done, anyone who wanted to open the tomb would have to damage the “seal,” and the chief priests and Pharisees would know that someone had broken in. If your readers would not understand what the chief priests and Pharisees did, you could use a descriptive phrase or include some of this information in a footnote. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/seal]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Sarcasm\n\nIn this chapter, people mock Jesus several times. First, in [27:28–29](../27/28.md), the soldiers pretend like Jesus is a king. They give him a scarlet robe, a crown of thorns, and a reed, and they pretend to greet him as a king. They do not actually believe that Jesus is a king, so they are doing these things sarcastically to make fun of Jesus. Second, in [27:40–43](../27/40.md), people walking by and the Jewish leaders tell Jesus to save himself, to come down from the cross, and to wait for God to rescue him. They do not actually believe that he can do these things, so they are speaking sarcastically to make fun of Jesus. Make sure that it is clear in your translation that these are sarcastic actions done to make fun of Jesus. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in conversations, and many of the conversations are with one person. Because of this, the majority of the forms of “you” in this chapter are singular. So, you should assume forms of “you” are singular unless a note specifies that the form is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?\n\nIn [27:46](../27/46.md), Matthew spells out the sounds of the words that Jesus spoke in his own language. The words “lama sabachthani” are Aramaic, but it is unclear whether the words “Eli, Eli” are Aramaic or Hebrew. Either way, Matthew translates the words later on in the verse as “My God, my God, why did you forsake me?” You can express the idea as Matthew did by spelling out how the words sound and then translating their meaning in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) +27:1 qe1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +27:1 ezsh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom συμβούλιον ἔλαβον & κατὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **took counsel against Jesus** indicates that the chief priests and elders were working together to figure out ways to harm Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar construction in [12:14](../12/14.md). Alternate translation: “made plans concerning Jesus” or “came up with ideas about what they could do with Jesus” 27:1 cm46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὥστε θανατῶσαι αὐτόν 1 Because the Roman authorities did not allow the Jewish leaders to execute people, the Jewish leaders had to convince the Roman authorities to execute people for them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so as to convince the Roman authorities to put him to death” -27:1 vz6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ὥστε 1 Here, **so as to** introduces a purpose clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “so that they could” -27:1 uuov rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns θανατῶσαι αὐτόν 1 See how you translated **death** in [26:59](../26/59.md). -27:2 jwws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δήσαντες αὐτὸν 1 The Jewish religious leaders commanded that Jesus should be **bound** but did not bind him themselves. It would have been their guards who actually bound Jesus and **led him away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “commanding the guards to bind him” -27:2 rdu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἀπήγαγον 1 Here, **they** refers to the Jewish leaders and temple guards who were accusing Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities and their guards led him away” -27:2 d6l0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπήγαγον 1 Here Matthew implies that **they led** Jesus **away** from Caiaphas’ house. If it would be more natural in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they led him away from Caiaphas’ house” -27:2 uu8q παρέδωκαν Πειλάτῳ 1 Alternate translation: “delivered him over to Pilate” or “transferred control of Jesus to Pilate” -27:3 qm12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent τότε 1 **Then** here indicates that Matthew has stopped telling the story of Jesus’ trial so he can tell the story of how Judas killed himself. If your language has a way of showing that a new story is starting, you could use that here. Alternate translation: “Around that time” -27:3 v9vj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὅτι κατεκρίθη 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the Jewish leaders had condemned Jesus” -27:3 pe4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν καὶ πρεσβυτέροις 1 This phrase refers to the money that **the chief priests** had given **Judas** to betray Jesus, as mentioned in [26:15](../26/15.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those 30 pieces of silver that they had given to him earlier to the chief priests and elders” -27:4 f6u8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy αἷμα ἀθῷον 1 Here, **blood** refers to the death of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person who does not deserve to die” -27:4 mf6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί πρὸς ἡμᾶς? 1 The Jewish leaders are not asking for information. They are using this question to emphasize that they do not care about what Judas has done. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “That is not our problem!” +27:1 vz6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit θανατῶσαι αὐτόν 1 Here Matthew implies that the **chief priests** and the **elders** want to convince the Roman authorities to kill Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “have the Romans put him to death”\n +27:1 uuov rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns θανατῶσαι αὐτόν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “have him killed” +27:2 jwws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δήσαντες αὐτὸν 1 Here Matthew implies that the Jewish council commanded guards to bind Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having commanded the guards to bind him” +27:2 d6l0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπήγαγον 1 Here Matthew implies that **they led** Jesus **away** from Caiaphas’ house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they led him away from Caiaphas’ house” +27:2 uu8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit παρέδωκαν Πειλάτῳ τῷ ἡγεμόνι 1 Here Matthew implies that the Jewish leaders brought Jesus to Pilate because they wanted Pilate to judge him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “handed him over to Pilate the governor to be judged by him” +27:3 qm12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent τότε 1 Here, the word **Then** indicates that Matthew has stopped telling the story of Jesus’ trial so he can tell the story of what happened to Judas. If your language has a way of showing that a new story is starting, you could use that form here. Alternate translation: “Around that time,” or “While those things were happening,” +27:3 v9vj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive κατεκρίθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the Jewish council. Alternate translation: “the Jewish council condemned him” +27:3 pe4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν καὶ πρεσβυτέροις 1 This phrase refers to the money that **the chief priests** had given **Judas** to hand Jesus over, as mentioned in [26:15](../26/15.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the chief priests and elders the 30 pieces of silver that they had given him to hand Jesus over” +27:3 a23x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney τὰ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια 1 Each of these pieces of silver was a coin equivalent to about four days’ wages. See how you expressed the idea in [26:15](../26/15.md). Alternate translation: “30 coins made out of silver” or “the money worth about four months’ wages” +27:4 yxnh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said” +27:4 f6u8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy αἷμα ἀθῷον 1 Here, the word **blood** refers to a person who has or will soon die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person who does not deserve to die” or “an innocent person who will now die” +27:4 mf6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί πρὸς ἡμᾶς? 1 The chief priests and elders are using the question form to tell Judas that they do not care about how Judas feels or what he wants to do now. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “We do not care about how you feel.” or “That is completely unimportant to us!” 27:4 itqk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Here, **us** refers to the Jewish leaders who are speaking to Judas, so **us** would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form. -27:4 y4yo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom σὺ ὄψῃ 1 This sentence is an idiom that the Jewish leaders used to deny being responsible for what Judas had done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use an equivalent idiom in your language. Alternate translation: “That is your responsibility” or “That is none of our business” -27:5 tuh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ῥίψας τὰ ἀργύρια εἰς τὸν ναὸν 1 This clause means that Judas threw **the pieces of silver** into **the temple** building itself, where only priests were allowed to go. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having thrown the pieces of silver into the temple building” -27:6 rguy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐκ ἔξεστιν βαλεῖν αὐτὰ εἰς τὸν κορβανᾶν, ἐπεὶ τιμὴ αἵματός ἐστιν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because it is the price of blood, it is not lawful to put this into the treasury” -27:6 r5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐκ ἔξεστιν 1 Here, **lawful** refers to being permitted according to Jewish religious laws. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Our religious laws do not allow us” -27:6 ce2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτὰ 1 Here, **this** refers to the 30 **pieces of silver** that Judas threw into the temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this silver” -27:6 gtp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν κορβανᾶν 1 The **treasury** refers to the place in the temple where they kept the money given to the temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the place where we keep the money that belongs to the temple” -27:6 fv6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τιμὴ αἵματός 1 The **chief priests** are using the possessive form to describe a **price** that is paid for **blood**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the price that was paid for blood” -27:6 j2l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy αἵματός 1 Here, **blood** refers to the death of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of a man dying” -27:7 x2k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 Here, **them** refers to the 30 pieces of silver that Judas threw into the temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those pieces of silver” -27:7 mtg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν Ἀγρὸν τοῦ Κεραμέως 1 This phrase could refer to: (1) what the local people called the field. Alternate translation: “the Field of the Potter” (2) a **field** that had clay used by people who make pots. Alternate translation: “the field where people dug clay for making pots” -27:7 n6ow rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς 1 Here, **for** introduces a purpose clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): “so that they could make it” -27:7 e29n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῖς ξένοις 1 Here, **strangers** refers to people who died in Jerusalem and did not live in the city. They could have been Jews visiting from other areas or non-Jewish foreigners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for people from outside Jerusalem” -27:8 nts8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκλήθη ὁ ἀγρὸς ἐκεῖνος 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people call that field” -27:8 ag2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἕως τῆς σήμερον 1 Here, **this day** refers to the time when Matthew wrote this book. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “up to the time when this book was written” -27:9 rj3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἰερεμίου τοῦ προφήτου 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this fulfilled what the prophet Jeremiah spoke” -27:9 auz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations ἐπληρώθη & λέγοντος 1 Here, **saying** introduces a paraphrase of some Old Testament verses ([Zechariah 11:12–13](../zec/11/12.md), [Jeremiah 13:5](../jer/13/05.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from important texts. Alternate translation: “was fulfilled. He had said in the Scriptures” -27:9 g1gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks καὶ 1 From **And** here to the end of the next verse, Matthew is paraphrasing some Old Testament verses ([Zechariah 11:12–13](../zec/11/12.md), [Jeremiah 13:5](../jer/13/05.md)). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. -27:9 t1dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὴν τιμὴν τοῦ τετιμημένου, ὃν ἐτιμήσαντο ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the price the sons of Israel set on him” -27:9 d7l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ 1 Here, the word **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” or “the people of Israel” -27:10 c2ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks καὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτὰ εἰς τὸν Ἀγρὸν τοῦ Κεραμέως, καθὰ συνέταξέν μοι Κύριος 1 This verse continues the paraphrase of [Zechariah 11:12–13](../zec/11/12.md) and [Jeremiah 13:5](../jer/13/05.md) that Matthew introduced in the previous verse. You may need to indicate this with a closing quotation mark at the end of this verse or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. -27:10 s356 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔδωκαν αὐτὰ 1 Here, **they** refers to “the sons of Israel” and **it** refers to the “30 pieces of silver” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel gave the pieces of silver” -27:10 vs3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔδωκαν αὐτὰ εἰς 1 This phrase means that the people bought **the field** with the pieces of silver. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with it they bought” -27:10 dufx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸν Ἀγρὸν τοῦ Κεραμέως 1 See how you translated this phrase in [27:7](../27/07.md). -27:11 pjc5 δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that what follows is the continuation of the story of Jesus’ trial before Pilate, which began in [27:2](../27/02.md). If your language has a way of continuing a story after a break from the main story line, you could use it here. -27:11 a2e7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ & Ἰησοῦς ἐστάθη 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone made Jesus stand” -27:11 a6cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom σὺ λέγεις 1 **You say so** is an idiom. Jesus is using it to acknowledge that what Pilate has said is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. See how you translated the similar phrase in [26:25](../26/25.md). Alternate translation: “Yes, it is as you say” +27:4 y4yo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom σὺ ὄψῃ 1 Here, the phrase **You will see** means that the chief priests and elders claim that Judas is responsible for dealing with what he did, and they are not responsible. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “What you do is none of our business” or “That is your responsibility”\n +27:5 tuh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ῥίψας τὰ ἀργύρια εἰς τὸν ναὸν 1 Here Matthew implies that Judas was outside the **temple** building and threw **the pieces of silver** into the **temple** building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having tossed the pieces of silver into the temple building” +27:5 uf7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney τὰ ἀργύρια 1 See how you referred to these **pieces of silver** in [27:3](../27/03.md). Alternate translation: “the coins made out of silver” or “the money” +27:5 us8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀνεχώρησεν καὶ ἀπελθὼν ἀπήγξατο 1 Here Matthew implies that Judas **withdrew** from the temple area to some other place. Then, Judas went **out** from that place and **hanged himself**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit, or you could use just one phrase to describe Judas’ movements. Alternate translation: “he departed from the temple and having gone out to another place, he hanged himself” or “he left and hanged himself” +27:6 f6by rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. It is not clear how soon the priests picked up the pieces of silver after Judas threw them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next action, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Sometime after that,” +27:6 mb5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney τὰ ἀργύρια 1 See how you referred to these **pieces of silver** in [27:3](../27/03.md). Alternate translation: “the coins made out of silver” or “the money” +27:6 rguy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐκ ἔξεστιν βαλεῖν αὐτὰ εἰς τὸν κορβανᾶν, ἐπεὶ τιμὴ αἵματός ἐστιν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “Because it is the price of blood, it is not lawful to put them into the treasury” +27:6 gtp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸν κορβανᾶν 1 Here, the word **treasury** refers to the place in the temple where the money that people gave to help maintain the temple and the sacrifices was kept. If your readers would not be familiar with a **treasury** for a temple, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the place where we keep the money designated for the temple” or “the storage area with the rest of the temple money” +27:6 fv6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τιμὴ αἵματός 1 The chief priests are using the possessive form to describe a **price** that is paid for **blood**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the price that was paid for blood” +27:6 j2l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy αἵματός 1 Here, **blood** refers to the death of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [27:4](../27/04.md). Alternate translation: “of a person’s death” or “of a man dying” +27:7 uu9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what the chief priests and elders did instead of putting the money in the treasury. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Instead,” +27:7 x2k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom συμβούλιον & λαβόντες 1 Here, the phrase **having taken counsel** indicates that the chief priests and elders were working together to figure something out. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the similar phrase in [12:14](../12/14.md). Alternate translation: “having made plans” or “having come up with an idea” +27:7 mtg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν Ἀγρὸν τοῦ Κεραμέως 1 Here, the phrase **the field of the potter** could refer to: (1) what the local people called the field. Alternate translation: “a field named Field of the Potter” (2) a **field** that a **potter** owned. Alternate translation: “a field from a potter” or “a field that belonged to a potter” +27:7 n6ow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς ταφὴν τοῖς ξένοις 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **burial**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in order to bury strangers there” or “as a cemetery for strangers” +27:7 e29n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῖς ξένοις 1 Here, **strangers** refers to people who died in Jerusalem but did not live there normally. They could have been Jews visiting from other areas or non-Jewish foreigners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “for people from outside Jerusalem” +27:8 nts8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκλήθη ὁ ἀγρὸς ἐκεῖνος 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that field’s name has been” +27:8 hsg4 Ἀγρὸς Αἵματος 1 Alternate translation: “Bloody Field” +27:8 ag2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἕως τῆς σήμερον 1 Here, the phrase **this day** refers to Matthew’s present time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the present” or “from then on” +27:9 rql2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous τότε 1 Here, the word **Then** indicates that the prophecy **was fulfilled** at the time when the chief priests and elders bought the field of the potter with the 30 silver coins that they had paid Judas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces something that happens at the same time. Alternate translation: “And so” or “It was then that” +27:9 rj3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν 1 See how your translated the similar passive forms in [2:17](../02/17.md). Alternate translation: “these events fulfilled what God spoke” +27:9 auz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντος 1 In Matthew’s culture, **saying** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text. In this case, Matthew paraphrases or summarizes several passages from the Old Testament, including [Zechariah 11:12–13](../zec/11/12.md), [Jeremiah 19:1–13](../jer/19/01.md), and [Jeremiah 32:6–9](../jer/32/06.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is paraphrasing an important texts. Alternate translation: “who wrote in the book of Jeremiah” or “as I summarize it:”\n +27:9 g1gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney τὰ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια 1 Each of these **pieces of silver** was a coin equivalent to about four days’ wages. See how you expressed the idea in [26:15](../26/15.md). Alternate translation: “30 coins made out of silver” or “the money worth about four months’ wages” +27:9 h3rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν τιμὴν τοῦ τετιμημένου, ὃν ἐτιμήσαντο ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ 1 Here the author of the quotation means that the 30 pieces of silver were the **price** that some **from sons of Israel** decided was the correct **price** for the person whom they were buying or paying for. Some of the words here may be redundant in your language. If it would be helpful in your language, you could omit any redundant information and make the idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “which was the price that some of the sons of Israel set for the person” or “which some from the sons of Israel set as the price for the one whom they were buying” +27:9 t1dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τοῦ τετιμημένου, ὃν ἐτιμήσαντο ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could state this in active form. Alternate translation: “of the one whom they from the sons of Israel priced” +27:9 d7l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ 1 Here the author of the quotation uses the word **sons** to refer in general to all the descendants of **Israel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to descendants in general. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” or “those descended from Israel” +27:9 k6ne rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations υἱῶν 1 Although the word **sons** is masculine, the author of the quotation is using it to refer to any children or descendants, both men and women. If you preserve the metaphor, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the sons and daughters” or “the children” +27:10 vs3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔδωκαν αὐτὰ εἰς 1 Here the author of the quotation means that the people bought **the field** with the pieces of silver. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with them they bought” +27:10 dufx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸν Ἀγρὸν τοῦ Κεραμέως 1 If possible, express the idea here as you did in [27:7](../27/07.md). Alternate translation: “a field named Field of the Potter” or “a field that belonged to a potter” +27:11 pjc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** indicates that what follows is the continuation of the story of Jesus’ trial before Pilate, which began in [27:2](../27/02.md). If your language has a way of continuing a story after a break from the main story line, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “Returning to the story of Jesus,” +27:11 a2e7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὁ & Ἰησοῦς ἐστάθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the Jewish council. Alternate translation: “was standing” or “the Jewish leaders made Jesus stand” +27:11 fd7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said” +27:11 at28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 2 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +27:11 a6cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom σὺ λέγεις 1 Here, much as in [26:25](../26/25.md), the phrase **You say {it}** indicates that the speaker acknowledges the truth of what the other person said. Jesus uses this phrase to indirectly indicate that the **governor** is right to suggest that Jesus is **the King of the Jews**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that gives an indirect positive response to a request. If necessary, you could express the idea more directly, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “That is what you say” or “Your words show what is true” 27:12 vl3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐν τῷ κατηγορεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχιερέων καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the chief priests and the elders accused him” +27:12 y19n 1 Alternate translation: “he did not answer anything” 27:13 e3td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” -27:13 wn2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐκ ἀκούεις πόσα σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν? 1 Pilate is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to express how surprised he is that Jesus does not defend himself. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Surely you hear everything they are bringing against you!” -27:13 kc8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐκ ἀκούεις πόσα σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν? 1 **Pilate** implies that he expects Jesus to defend himself in response to the accusations made against him by the Jewish leaders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do you not hear everything they are bringing against you? You should answer!” or “Do you not hear everything they are bringing against you? Why don’t you answer them?” -27:14 xx94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy πρὸς οὐδὲ ἓν ῥῆμα 1 This phrase could mean: (1) Jesus did not say anything in response to what Pilate said in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “with even a single word” (2) Jesus did not respond to even one of the accusations that the Jewish leaders had made against him. In this case **word** would be translated as “charge.” Alternate translation: “with regard to even one charge” -27:14 hbm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὥστε θαυμάζειν 1 Here, **so as to** introduces a result clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a result clause. Alternate translation: “so that he amazed” -27:15 jjp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 **Now** here marks a break in the main story line so Matthew can give information to help the reader understand what happens in [27:17–26](../27/17.md). Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. -27:15 p1ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἑορτὴν 1 Here, **the festival** refers the Passover celebration. See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [26:5](../26/05.md). -27:15 pfk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns τῷ ὄχλῳ 1 The word **crowd** is a singular noun that refers to a group of people. If your language does not use nouns in that way, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “to the group of people” -27:16 ir01 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 **Now** is used here to mark a continuation of the break in the main story line which began in the preceding verse. Matthew introduces more background information, this time about **Barabbas**, to help readers understand what happens next. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “And” +27:13 kc8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐκ ἀκούεις πόσα σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν? 1 Here **Pilate** asks if Jesus has heard, but he implies that he is asking if Jesus is going to respond to what he has heard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Do you intend to defend yourself against the many things they are testifying against you?” or “Do you not hear how many things they are testifying against you? Why don’t you answer them?” +27:14 xx94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy πρὸς οὐδὲ ἓν ῥῆμα 1 Here, the phrase **not even to one word** could mean: (1) that Jesus did not respond to any of the accusations, each of which Matthew refers to as a **word**. Alternate translation: “not even with regard to one accusation” (2) that Jesus did not use even **one word** to answer Pilate’s question. Alternate translation: “not even with one word” +27:14 hbm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὥστε θαυμάζειν 1 Here, the phrase **so as to** introduces a result clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a result clause. Alternate translation: “so that he amazed” +27:15 jjp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 Here Matthew provides background information about something that Pilate, the governor, normally did. This background information will help readers understand what happens next. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Here is some important information:” +27:15 p1ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἑορτὴν 1 Here, the phrase **the festival** refers the Passover celebration. See how you translated the same phrase in [26:5](../26/05.md). Alternate translation: “the festival of Passover” +27:15 lwpf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive εἰώθει & ἀπολύειν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “had a custom of releasing” +27:16 ir01 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** marks a continuation of the break in the main story line which began in the preceding verse. Matthew is introducing more background information, this time about **Barabbas**, to help readers understand what happens next. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “And” or “Here is some more important information:” 27:16 q2iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns εἶχον 1 Here, **they** refers to the Roman authorities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Roman authorities were holding” -27:16 svr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive λεγόμενον 1 See how you translated **named** in [26:3](../26/03.md). -27:17 l80q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συνηγμένων & αὐτῶν 1 See how you translated **gathered together** in [26:3](../26/03.md). -27:17 wrl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸν λεγόμενον Χριστόν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom some people call the Christ” -27:18 a5lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Pilate asked the question in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “Pilate asked this because” -27:18 ugse rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns παρέδωκαν αὐτόν 1 Here, **they** refers to the chief priests and elders of the Jewish people, the first **him** refers to Jesus, and the second **him** refers to Pilate. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the chief priests and elders had handed Jesus over to Pilate” +27:16 a8p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δέσμιον ἐπίσημον 1 Here, the word **well-known** indicates that Barabbas was a man whom others had heard many things about. Most likely, the Romans considered him to be **well-known** in bad way (that is, notorious), while some Jewish people considered him to be **well-known** in a good way (that is, renowned). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that describes someone whom others have heard many things about, both positively and negatively. Alternate translation: “a prisoner about whom there were many stories, a man” “a prominent prisoner” +27:16 svr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive λεγόμενον 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom people called” +27:17 hwzn rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Here, the word **Therefore** introduces what Pilate did because of the custom that Matthew just described. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the result of some situation. Alternate translation: “Because of that custom” or “So then” +27:17 ce90 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 Here, the pronoun **they** refers to the same “crowd” that Matthew mentioned in [27:15](../27/15.md). This “crowd” describes a large group of people who were in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the crowd” or “many people in Jerusalem” +27:17 l80q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συνηγμένων 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “gathering” or “coming together” +27:17 gd6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular θέλετε & ὑμῖν 1 Since Pilate is speaking to a crowd of people, the word **you** throughout this verse is plural. +27:17 wrl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸν λεγόμενον Χριστόν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose title is Christ” or “who goes by Christ” +27:18 a5lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Pilate asked the question that he just asked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason for question, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Pilate did that because” 27:18 jq3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns διὰ φθόνον 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **envy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because they envied him” -27:19 t3mx καθημένου δὲ αὐτοῦ 1 Alternate translation: “But while Pilate was sitting” -27:19 s5pc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τοῦ βήματος 1 The **judgment seat** was a special chair in which a leader sat when he was making an official judgment. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the seat used for judging people” -27:19 w4i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἀπέστειλεν 1 Here, **sent word** means that Pilate’s **wife** sent a person to tell Pilate a message by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “sent someone to tell him a message” -27:19 ga4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom μηδὲν σοὶ καὶ τῷ δικαίῳ ἐκείνῳ 1 This sentence is an idiom that indicates that Pilates wife did not want Pilate to be involved with anything related to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Have nothing to do with that righteous one” or “Let there be nothing between you and that righteous one” -27:19 v8ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Pilate’s wife told him what she said in the previous sentence. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “I say this because” -27:20 ax1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 Here, **now** is used to mark a break in the main story line. Matthew tells background information about why the people chose Barabbas to be released. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. -27:20 al54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αἰτήσωνται τὸν Βαραββᾶν, τὸν δὲ Ἰησοῦν ἀπολέσωσιν 1 Here Matthew implies that **the crowds** asked Pilate **for Barabbas** to be released from prison and for Roman soldiers to **kill Jesus**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they would ask Pilate for Barabbas to be released from prison, but have the Roman soldiers kill Jesus” -27:21 x6vf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δύο 1 Matthew quotes Pilate using the adjective **two** as a noun in order to refer to the **two** men, Jesus and **Barabbas**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the two prisoners” -27:22 dpb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture λέγει & λέγουσιν πάντες 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said … They all answered” -27:22 zl85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸν λεγόμενον Χριστόν 1 See how you translated this phrase in [27:17](../27/17.md). +27:19 t3mx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +27:19 zgoa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction καθημένου & αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος 1 When a leader was **sitting on the judgment seat**, it meant that the leader was ready to make judgments and legal decisions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain what **sitting** in this place means. Alternate translation: “he sitting on the judgment seat to judge” or “he sitting on the judgment seat, ready to make legal decisions” +27:19 ff23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος 1 The **judgment seat** was a special chair in which a leader sat when making an official judgment. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of seat, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “at the judge’s bench” or “on the seat used for judgment” +27:19 s5pc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τοῦ βήματος 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the seat for judging” +27:19 w4i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς αὐτὸν & λέγουσα 1 Here Matthew implies that Pilate’s wife **sent** someone to Pilate to say the words that follow. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “sent someone to him to say” +27:19 fe95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result μηδὲν σοὶ καὶ τῷ δικαίῳ ἐκείνῳ, πολλὰ γὰρ ἔπαθον σήμερον κατ’ ὄναρ δι’ αὐτόν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “I suffered many {things} today because of him by means of a dream. So, nothing to you and to that righteous one.” +27:19 ga4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom μηδὲν σοὶ καὶ τῷ δικαίῳ ἐκείνῳ 1 Here, the phrase **Nothing to you and to that righteous one** is a request to avoid doing anything with and to Jesus, the **righteous one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Have nothing to do with that righteous one” or “Avoid doing anything to that righteous one” +27:19 v8ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πολλὰ & ἔπαθον σήμερον 1 Here Pilate’s wife means that the **dream** upset her or caused her distress. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I was very distressed” or “I have been miserable” +27:20 ax1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces how the chief priests and elders were trying to have Jesus executed in contrast to Pilate’s wife, who wanted Pilate to have nothing to do with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” +27:20 al54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αἰτήσωνται τὸν Βαραββᾶν 1 Here Matthew means that the crowds were going to **ask** Pilate to release **Barabbas**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they would ask Pilate to release Barabbas” +27:20 avyc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν δὲ Ἰησοῦν ἀπολέσωσιν 1 Here Matthew implies that the crowds were going to pressure Pilate to **destroy** Jesus by executing him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “but would demand that Jesus be killed” +27:21 awno rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,” +27:21 xggj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀποκριθεὶς 1 Here Pilate is **answering** or responding to a situation, not to something that someone has asked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit that Pilate is responding to what is happening among the crowds, or you could leave **answering** untranslated. Alternate translation: “seeing that the crowds were discussing what to do” or “responding to what the crowd was doing” +27:21 x6vf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν δύο 1 Here Pilate uses the number **two** as a noun in order to refer to the **two** men, Jesus and Barabbas. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the two prisoners” +27:21 slk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular θέλετε & ὑμῖν 1 Since Pilate is speaking to a crowd of people, the word **you** throughout this verse is plural. +27:21 l7gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 2 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +27:21 c06h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis τὸν Βαραββᾶν 1 The crowds are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “We want you to release Barabbas” +27:22 dpb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture λέγει & λέγουσιν πάντες 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said … They all said” +27:22 zl85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸν λεγόμενον Χριστόν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you expressed the idea in [27:17](../27/17.md). Alternate translation: “whom some people call the Christ” +27:22 qzn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p σταυρωθήτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He should be crucified” 27:22 ttva rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σταυρωθήτω 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Crucify him” -27:22 kkus rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σταυρωθήτω 1 The Romans executed some criminals by nailing them to a wooden beam with a crossbar and setting the beam upright so that the criminals would slowly suffocate. That was what it meant to have someone **crucified**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Let him be nailed to a cross” or “Let him be executed!” -27:22 uedb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative σταυρωθήτω 1 Here, the phrase **Let him be crucified** is an imperative, but since the crowd cannot command Pilate to do this, you could translate this phrase as an expression of what they want. Alternate translation: “We want you to nail him to a cross to execute him” -27:23 m5jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί γὰρ κακὸν ἐποίησεν? 1 Pilate does not expect the crowd to tell him what Jesus has done wrong. Rather, he is using the question form to emphasize to the crowd that Jesus is innocent. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “There is no reason to execute this man, because he has not done anything wrong!” -27:23 bijy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κακὸν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “evil thing” -27:23 nb7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σταυρωθήτω 1 See how you translated this in the previous verse. -27:24 oa2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἰδὼν & ὅτι οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον θόρυβος γίνεται 1 These two clauses indicate the reason why **Pilate** did what is described in the rest of the verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “because he saw that he was accomplishing nothing, but instead a riot was starting” -27:24 gefl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ & θόρυβος γίνεται 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he was accomplishing nothing … a riot was starting” -27:24 yj8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἀπενίψατο τὰς χεῖρας ἀπέναντι τοῦ ὄχλου 1 Pilate **washed his hands** as a sign to the people that he was not responsible for Jesus’ death. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. -27:24 u1fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τοῦ αἵματος 1 Here Pilate uses **blood** to refer to a person’s death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the death” -27:24 f4ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ὑμεῖς ὄψεσθε 1 See how you translated the similar idiom in [27:4](../27/04.md). -27:25 k1cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ἡμῶν 1 The phrase **be on us and on our children** is an idiom that means that the crowd was accepting the responsibility for what was happening. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We and our children will be responsible for his blood” -27:25 n5k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ αἷμα 1 See how you translated the same use of **blood** in the previous verse. -27:25 timm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς & ἡμῶν 1 Here, **us** and **our** refer to the Jewish people, so **us** and **our** would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. -27:25 bsfd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὰ τέκνα 1 Here, **children** refers to future descendants in general, not only to the **children** of the people who were speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “future generations” -27:26 yb5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἀπέλυσεν & παρέδωκεν ἵνα σταυρωθῇ 1 The first two occurrences of **he** refer to Pilate, but **him** and the third occurrence of **he** refer to **Jesus**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Pilate released … Pilate handed Jesus over so that Jesus would be crucified” -27:26 m63d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπέλυσεν & τὸν Βαραββᾶν & Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας 1 Matthew assumes that his readers will know that Pilate did not actually release **Barabbas** or flog **Jesus**, but ordered his soldiers to do those things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he commanded his soldiers to release Barabbas … having commanded his soldiers to flog Jesus” -27:26 adak rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown φραγελλώσας 1 If your readers would not be familiar with this form of punishment, you could explain explicitly what flogging was. Flogging was a Roman penalty in which soldiers whipped a person with a whip to which were attached pieces of bone and metal to increase the whip’s capacity to do harm to the person being flogged. Alternate translation: “having whipped Jesus with a whip to which someone had attached pieces of bone and metal” -27:26 n421 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis παρέδωκεν 1 Matthew is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “he handed him over to his soldiers” -27:26 y3kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σταυρωθῇ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they would crucify him” -27:27 zz45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ πραιτώριον 1 The **Praetorium** was where the Roman **governor** stayed when he was in Jerusalem and where the Roman soldiers in Jerusalem lived. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the palace where the governor and his soldiers lived” or “the Roman governor’s residence” -27:27 bn22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅλην τὴν σπεῖραν 1 Matthew assumes that his readers will know that a **cohort** was a unit of Roman soldiers. A **cohort** normally numbered around 600 men but could sometimes refer to as few as 200 men. Here, by saying **the whole cohort**, Matthew most likely means that all the soldiers from the **cohort** who were on duty at that time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the whole unit of soldiers” or “the whole unit of soldiers who were on duty there” -27:28 nx81 καὶ ἐκδύσαντες αὐτὸν 1 Alternate translation: “And having pulled off his clothes” -27:28 id2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit χλαμύδα κοκκίνην περιέθηκαν αὐτῷ 1 In Roman culture, a **scarlet robe** was worn by kings. The soldiers put a **scarlet robe** on Jesus in order to mock him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “they put a scarlet robe on him in order to mock him by pretending that they believed he really was a king” -27:28 yf6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown κοκκίνην 1 The word **scarlet** refers to a color. Since Mark records in [Mark 15:17](../mrk/15/17.md) that the color of this **robe** was “purple,” the color closely resembled both **scarlet** and “purple.” If your readers would be unfamiliar with these colors, you could use the closest equivalent color that they would be familiar with. Alternate translation: “dark red” or “crimson” +27:23 syuz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ -1 In both places, the word **But** introduces what a Pilate or the crowds say in contrast to what the other person or people said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use words or phrases that introduce this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In response, … In response,” or “However, … Yet” +27:23 m5jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί γὰρ κακὸν ἐποίησεν? 1 Pilate is using the question form to emphasize that he thinks that Jesus has not done any **evil**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Despite what you say, he did not do evil” or “Yet he has certainly not done evil!” +27:23 cw7o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result τί γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** indicates that Pilate is asking for a reason why the crowd wants him to crucify Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that indicates that a question is asking for a reason for something. Alternate translation: “Why? What” or “What is your reason for that? What” +27:23 bijy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj κακὸν 1 Pilate is using the adjective **evil** as a noun to mean an evil thing. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “evil thing” +27:23 dk8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they demanded” +27:23 nb7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σταυρωθήτω 1 This clause is identical to the clause at the end of the previous verse ([27:22](../27/22.md)). Express the idea as you did there. +27:24 w7jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,” +27:24 oa2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἰδὼν & ὅτι οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον θόρυβος γίνεται 1 These two clauses indicate the reason why **Pilate** did what is described in the rest of the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form in your language that introduces a reason for some action. Alternate translation: “because he saw that he is benefiting nothing, and because instead a riot is happening” +27:24 gefl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ & θόρυβος γίνεται 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he was benefiting nothing … a riot was happening” +27:24 yj8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction λαβὼν ὕδωρ, ἀπενίψατο τὰς χεῖρας ἀπέναντι τοῦ ὄχλου 1 Pilate **washed his hands** as a sign to the people that he was not responsible for Jesus’ death. If there is a gesture with a similar meaning in your culture, you could use it here in your translation, or you could explain what this action means. Alternate translation: “having gotten some water, washed his hands opposite the crowd to indicate that he was not responsible for what was going to happen to Jesus” +27:24 idu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀπέναντι 1 Here, the word **opposite** means that Pilate was directly in front of **the crowd**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in front of” or “before” +27:24 ly5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said” +27:24 u1fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τοῦ αἵματος τούτου 1 Here, **blood** refers to the death of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [27:4](../27/04.md). Alternate translation: “the death of this one” or “this one dying” +27:24 f4ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ὑμεῖς ὄψεσθε 1 Here, the phrase **You will see** means that Pilate claims that the **crowd** is responsible for dealing with what they are doing, and he is not responsible. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the similar clause in [27:4](../27/04.md). Alternate translation: “What you are doing is none of my business” or “That is your responsibility” +27:24 tpmh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ὑμεῖς 1 Because Pilate is speaking to a crowd, the word **You** here is plural. +27:25 k1cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ἡμῶν 1 Here, clause **His blood {be} on us and on our children** means that the crowd was accepting the responsibility for Jesus’ **blood**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable clause or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The responsibility for his blood will be on us and on our children” +27:25 n5k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **blood** refers to the death of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [27:4](../27/04.md). Alternate translation: “His death” +27:25 timm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς & ἡμῶν 1 Here, **us** and **our** refer to the **people** who were there, so **us** and **our** are exclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. +27:25 bsfd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὰ τέκνα 1 Here, the word **children** could refer: (1) just to the people’s children. Alternate translation: “sons and daughters” (2) to the people’s offspring or descendants in general. Alternate translation: “offspring” or “descendants” +27:26 m63d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας 1 Here Matthew implies that Pilate had his soldiers flog Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having commanded his soldiers to flog Jesus” +27:26 adak rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸν & Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας 1 Flogging was a Roman penalty in which soldiers whipped a person with a whip to which were attached pieces of bone and metal to increase the whip’s capacity to do harm to the person being flogged. If your readers would not be familiar with this form of punishment, you could explain explicitly what flogging was. Alternate translation: “having whipped Jesus with a whip to which were attached pieces of bone and metal” +27:26 n421 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit παρέδωκεν 1 Here Matthew implies that Pilate **handed** Jesus **over** to his soldiers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he handed him over to his soldiers” +27:26 y3kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σταυρωθῇ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be Pilate’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers might crucify him” +27:27 zz45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ πραιτώριον 1 The **Praetorium** was where the Roman **governor** stayed when he was in Jerusalem and where the Roman soldiers in Jerusalem lived. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of structure, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the government building” or “the governor’s residence” +27:27 bn22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ὅλην τὴν σπεῖραν 1 The word **cohort** is a military term. Each **cohort** is a group of about 600 soldiers, which is a tenth of a legion. Most likely, Matthew is referring to all the soldiers who were stationed in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable military term in your language or a more general term. Alternate translation: “the whole company” or “all the soldiers stationed there”\n +27:28 id2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit χλαμύδα κοκκίνην περιέθηκαν αὐτῷ 1 In Roman culture, a **scarlet cloak** was like the expensive clothing worn by kings. The soldiers put a **scarlet cloak** on Jesus to pretend that he was a king, even though they did not think that he really was a king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they put a scarlet cloak on him to pretend that he was a king” or “they put a royal scarlet cloak on him in mockery” +27:28 yf6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown κοκκίνην 1 The word **scarlet** refers to a color that is a shade of bright red. If your readers would be unfamiliar with the color **scarlet**, you could refer to a shade of bright red. Alternate translation: “bright red” or “crimson” +27:29 yw94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit στέφανον ἐξ ἀκανθῶν, ἐπέθηκαν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ; καὶ κάλαμον ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ 1 In Roman culture, a **crown** was worn by a king, and a king held a scepter in his right hand. In order to mock Jesus, the soldiers put a **crown** made from **thorns** on Jesus’ head and put **a reed in his right hand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a crown of thorns, they put it on his head and a reed in his right hand to pretend that he was a king” or “a crown of thorns, they put it on his head as if he were king, and they put a reed like a royal scepter in his right hand” 27:29 ksjn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession στέφανον ἐξ ἀκανθῶν 1 Matthew is using the possessive form to describe a **crown** that is made from branches with **thorns** on them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a crown made from thorns” -27:29 km30 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἀκανθῶν 1 Matthew uses the word **thorns** to refer to small branches with **thorns** on them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “thorny branches” -27:29 yw94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit στέφανον ἐξ ἀκανθῶν, ἐπέθηκαν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ; καὶ κάλαμον ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ 1 In Roman culture, a **crown** was worn by a king, and a king held a scepter in his right hand. In order to mock Jesus, the soldiers put a **crown** made from **thorns** on Jesus’ head and put **a reed in his right hand** that resembled a king’s scepter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “a crown of thorns, they put it on his head and a reed in his right hand in order to mock him by pretending that they believed he really was a king” -27:29 dlz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony γονυπετήσαντες 1 The act of kneeling down was normally done as a way of honoring kings. The soldiers actually mean to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of this action. These soldiers do not really believe that Jesus is a king, but rather, they have **knelt down** to mock him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could provide a brief explanation. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “having knelt down as if honoring a king” -27:29 qf8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony ἐνέπαιξαν αὐτῷ λέγοντες, χαῖρε, ὁ Βασιλεῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων 1 **Hail** was a common greeting, but the soldiers used this greeting in order to mock Jesus. They did not believe that Jesus was really the **King of the Jews**. They actually meant to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of their words, as Matthew indicates when he says that **they mocked him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “they mocked him by saying, ‘Hail, you so-called King of the Jews’” -27:30 ib5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν κάλαμον 1 Here, **the reed** refers to the stick the soldiers had put in Jesus’ right hand in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the reed from his hand” -27:32 m5bl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that this verse is a break in the main story line. Matthew does this in order to give information about **Simon** from **Cyrene**. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. -27:32 d0ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξερχόμενοι 1 Your language may say “going out” rather than **coming out** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. -27:32 j5wq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξερχόμενοι 1 Here, **coming out** implies that Jesus and the soldiers came out of the city of Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “as they came out of the city” -27:32 sfj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοῦτον ἠγγάρευσαν ἵνα ἄρῃ τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **they** refers to the Roman soldiers, **he** refers to **Simon**, and **his** refers to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “whom the soldiers forced to go with them so that he could carry Jesus’ cross” -27:33 j6hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τόπον λεγόμενον Γολγοθᾶ, ὅ ἐστιν & λεγόμενος 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a place that people called Golgotha, which means” -27:33 lopg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Γολγοθᾶ 1 Here Matthew writes out the sounds of this Jewish Aramaic word using Greek letters. Since Matthew translates the meaning later in the verse, you may write out this word using the most similar sounds in your language. See the discussion of **Golgotha** in the General Notes for this chapter. -27:34 f11j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πιεῖν οἶνον μετὰ χολῆς μεμιγμένον 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “wine, which they had mixed with gall, to drink” -27:34 e2uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit χολῆς 1 Here, **gall** refers to a bitter tasting liquid that was a pain-relieving medicine. Mark specifically identifies this as liquid that came from the myrrh plant ([Mark 15:23](../../mrk/15/23.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “bitter, pain-relieving medicine” -27:35 d4h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown βάλλοντες κλῆρον 1 The term **lots** refers to objects with different markings on various sides that were used to decide randomly among several possibilities. They were tossed onto the ground to see which marked side would come up on top. If your readers would not be familiar with **lots**, you could use a general expression for gambling. Alternate translation: “by gambling” -27:35 u4dl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit βάλλοντες κλῆρον 1 Matthew implies that the soldiers were **casting lots** in order to determine who would take which pieces of Jesus’ clothing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by casting lots to decide who would take which ones” -27:36 o9ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐτήρουν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ 1 Matthew implies that the soldiers **kept guard over** Jesus to prevent anyone from rescuing him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they kept guard over him there to prevent people from rescuing him” -27:37 j4s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὴν αἰτίαν αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **the charge** refers to the written explanation of the crime Jesus was accused of committing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a written explanation of the crime they were accusing him of doing” -27:37 an2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γεγραμμένην 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone had written” -27:38 ms2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture σταυροῦνται 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “were crucified” -27:38 zq4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τότε σταυροῦνται σὺν αὐτῷ δύο λῃσταί 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the soldiers crucified two robbers with him” -27:38 ci6g εἷς ἐκ δεξιῶν, καὶ εἷς ἐξ εὐωνύμων 1 Alternate translation: “one robber on his right side and one robber on his left side” or “one on a cross on the right side of him and one on a cross on the left side of him” -27:39 d4fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction κινοῦντες τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν 1 The people’s action of **shaking their heads** at Jesus showed that they felt disdain for him and that they disapproved of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a gesture with a similar meaning in your culture, or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “showing disdain for him by shaking their heads” -27:40 p6sq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ καταλύων τὸν ναὸν καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις οἰκοδομῶν 1 The people refer to Jesus by what he earlier prophesied that he would do. Alternate translation: “You who said you would destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days” -27:40 t23i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ κατάβηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 The people did not believe that Jesus was **the Son of God**, so they wanted him to prove it if it was true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “If you are the Son of God, prove it by coming down from the cross” -27:40 b5lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples υἱὸς & τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus. -27:42 ff4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony ἄλλους ἔσωσεν 1 Here, the Jewish leaders are using irony. They do not really believe that Jesus **saved** other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He supposedly saved other people” -27:42 wu7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἄλλους ἔσωσεν 1 In context, the Jewish leaders are implicitly referring to how Jesus **saved others** by healing their diseases, releasing them from demon-possession, and saving them from other physical problems. They did not think that Jesus saved them from sin or divine judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “He supposedly saved other people by doing miracles for them” -27:42 j6l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Βασιλεὺς Ἰσραήλ ἐστιν, καταβάτω 1 Here, the Jewish leaders are using irony. They do not really believe that Jesus is **the King of Israel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He calls himself the King of Israel. So let him come down” or “If he really is the King of Israel, let him come down” -27:42 vmdc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical Βασιλεὺς Ἰσραήλ ἐστιν, καταβάτω νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ, καὶ πιστεύσομεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 The Jewish leaders are suggesting a hypothetical situation since they do not believe that Jesus actually has the power to **come down from the cross**. Use whatever form in your language would be most natural to communicate this. Alternate translation: “Suppose he really is the King of Israel. Then let him come down now from the cross, and we will believe that he is the King of Israel” -27:43 zy1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony πέποιθεν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν, ῥυσάσθω νῦν εἰ θέλει αὐτόν 1 Here, the Jewish leaders are using irony. They do not really believe that Jesus **has trusted in God**, that God would **rescue him**, or that God **wants him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He claims to trust in God. So let God rescue him now, if he even wants him” or “If he really trusts in God and God really wants him, then let God rescue him now” -27:43 cl97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν γὰρ, ὅτι Θεοῦ εἰμι Υἱός. 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would not be used in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For he said that he is the Son of God.” -27:43 uw85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ & Υἱός 1 **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus. -27:44 e26y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἱ λῃσταὶ, οἱ συνσταυρωθέντες σὺν αὐτῷ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the robbers whom the soldiers were crucifying with him” -27:45 e7z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that what follows is a new event that happened after the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then” -27:45 xsps rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ἕκτης ὥρας & ὥρας ἐνάτης 1 If you decide to translate these phrases in the way that the biblical culture reckoned time, but your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “hour six … hour nine” -27:45 s2l7 ἕκτης ὥρας 1 In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation: “noon” or “12:00 PM” -27:45 pi8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σκότος ἐγένετο 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **darkness**, you could express it in a different way. Alternate translation: “it became dark” -27:45 lnkx ὥρας ἐνάτης 1 In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation: Alternate translation: “3:00 PM” -27:46 rcjr τὴν ἐνάτην ὥραν 1 See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse. -27:46 qyp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀνεβόησεν & φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 1 This is an idiom that means **Jesus** raised the volume of his **voice**. Alternate translation: “cried out loudly” -27:46 xub2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Ἐλωῒ, Ἐλωῒ, λεμὰ σαβαχθάνει 1 This sentence is what **Jesus cried out** in the Jewish Aramaic language. Jesus is quoting from [Psalm 22:1](../psa/022/001.md). See the discussion of this sentence in the General Notes for this chapter. -27:47 y60j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀκούσαντες ἔλεγον 1 Matthew implies that the people did not understand what Jesus said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having heard it, misunderstood and said” -27:48 jm37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὄξους 1 Here, **sour wine** refers to the inexpensive **wine** that common people in Jesus’ culture would usually drink to quench thirst. Therefore, the person who gave Jesus this **sour wine** was acting kindly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how **sour wine** is translated in [Mark 15:36](../mrk/15/36.md) and [John 19:29](../jhn/19/29.md). Alternate translation: “with common wine” -27:48 bsy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σπόγγον 1 A **sponge** is a small object that can soak up and hold liquid that comes out of it when the **sponge** is squeezed. If your readers would not be familiar with this object, you could use the name of something your readers would use for soaking up liquid, or you could use a general expression. See how **sponge** is translated in [Mark 15:36](../mrk/15/36.md) and [John 19:29](../jhn/19/29.md). Alternate translation: “something to soak up liquid” -27:50 n21n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πάλιν κράξας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 1 See how you translated **cried out** **with a loud voice** in [27:46](../27/46.md). -27:50 fj1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀφῆκεν τὸ πνεῦμα 1 This clause is an idiom that means “willingly died.” If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. See how a similar phrase is translated in [John 19:30](../jhn/19/30.md). Alternate translation: “he allowed himself to die” -27:51 a92g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἰδοὺ 1 Matthew uses the term **behold** here to call the reader’s attention to the surprising event that he describes next in the story. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use here. -27:51 u0pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ ἐσχίσθη εἰς δύο, ἀπ’ ἄνωθεν ἕως κάτω 1 See the General Notes to this chapter for an explanation of the symbolic significance of this action. -27:51 m1ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐσχίσθη & ἡ γῆ ἐσείσθη, καὶ αἱ πέτραι ἐσχίσθησαν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God tore … God shook the earth, and God split the rocks apart” -27:51 xp2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ 1 Matthew assumes that his readers will know that he is referring to **the curtain** that separated the Most Holy Place from the rest of **the temple**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the curtain in front of the Most Holy Place” -27:52 a1cu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καὶ τὰ μνημεῖα ἀνεῴχθησαν, καὶ πολλὰ σώματα 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “And God opened the tombs, and he raised many of the bodies” -27:52 hgn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism κεκοιμημένων 1 Here, **fallen asleep** refers to being dead. This is a polite way of referring to something unpleasant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this or use plain language. Alternate translation: “who had passed away” or “who had died” -27:52 kj3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠγέρθη 1 Here, **raised** is an idiom that refers to causing someone who has died to become alive again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “were caused to live again” or “were made alive again” -27:53 q2x5 ἐξελθόντες ἐκ τῶν μνημείων μετὰ τὴν ἔγερσιν αὐτοῦ, εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὴν ἁγίαν πόλιν 1 This could mean: (1) the saints came **out from the tombs** before Jesus came back to life, but did not enter **into the holy city** until after Jesus came back to life. Alternate translation: “having come out from the tombs, after his resurrection they entered into the holy city” (2) the saints came **out from the tombs** after Jesus came back to life. Alternate translation: “having come out from the tombs after his resurrection, they entered into the holy city” -27:54 f6rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that what follows is a new event that happened right after the events told in [27:50–51](../27/50.md). Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then” -27:54 vv2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ τηροῦντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 This phrase refers to the other soldiers who were guarding Jesus with **the centurion**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the other soldiers with him who were guarding Jesus” -27:54 gse9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἰδόντες τὸν σεισμὸν καὶ τὰ γενόμενα 1 Matthew implies that the soldiers felt **the earthquake** and saw **the things that happened**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST. -27:54 gw6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ Υἱὸς 1 **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus. -27:55 h0m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal διακονοῦσαι αὐτῷ 1 This phrase indicates the purpose for the **women** following **Jesus from Galilee**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of serving him” -27:56 yni6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ, καὶ Μαρία ἡ τοῦ Ἰακώβου καὶ Ἰωσὴφ μήτηρ 1 Because **Mary** was a very common name at this time and because Matthew refers to two different women with the name **Mary** in this verse, he provides this background information to help readers know to which **Mary** he is referring to in each case. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Mary, who came from Magdala, and another Mary, who was the mother of James and Joseph” -27:56 xx27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἰακώβου & Ἰωσὴφ 1 **James** and **Joseph** were common names for men at this time. -27:56 ud33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν υἱῶν Ζεβεδαίου 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [26:37](../26/37.md). -27:57 wm5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that what follows in [27:57–61](../27/57.md) is a new event that happened right after the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “After that” -27:57 sy9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἁριμαθαίας 1 **Arimathea** is the name of a city in Israel. -27:57 o9c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὃς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμαθητεύθη τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom Jesus had discipled as well” -27:58 kjyw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ᾐτήσατο τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 The reason that Joseph asked **Pilate** **for the body of Jesus** was so that he could bury it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “asked for permission to get the body of Jesus in order to bury it” or “asked that he be given the body of Jesus so that he could bury it” -27:58 c69n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τότε ὁ Πειλᾶτος ἐκέλευσεν ἀποδοθῆναι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Pilate ordered the soldiers to give it to him” -27:59 eupz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit λαβὼν τὸ σῶμα, ὁ Ἰωσὴφ ἐνετύλιξεν αὐτὸ 1 Matthew assumes that his readers would know that other people helped **Joseph** take Jesus’ body and prepare it for the tomb. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Joseph and the people who helped him, having taken the body, wrapped it” -27:59 q9q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἐνετύλιξεν αὐτὸ σινδόνι καθαρᾷ 1 This was the burial custom in this culture. If your readers would not be familiar with such a custom, you could describe it more specifically, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “wrapped it in a fine linen burial cloth” or “prepared it for burial” -27:59 kj7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σινδόνι καθαρᾷ 1 The term **linen cloth** refers to a high quality cloth made from the fibers of the flax plant. If your readers would be unfamiliar with **linen**, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a fine cloth” -27:60 hvs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃ ἐλατόμησεν ἐν τῇ πέτρᾳ 1 Matthew implies that Joseph had hired workers to **cut** the tomb **into the rock**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that he had had workers cut into the rock” -27:60 lt4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔθηκεν αὐτὸ & προσκυλίσας λίθον μέγαν 1 Matthew assumes that his readers would know that other people helped **Joseph** when he **laid** Jesus’ body in the **tomb** and **rolled a large stone** over the entrance. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Joseph and the people who helped him laid it … they rolled a large stone against” -27:61 ihr8 ἀπέναντι τοῦ τάφου 1 Alternate translation: “across from the tomb” -27:62 wxrc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that what follows in [27:62–66](../27/62.md) is a new event that happened after the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “After those things happened,” -27:62 qj59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ & ἐπαύριον, ἥτις ἐστὶν μετὰ τὴν παρασκευήν 1 Here, **the Preparation** refers to the day before the Sabbath on which Jews would prepare for the Sabbath so that they would not have to do work on that day. Therefore, **the next day** here refers to the Sabbath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the next day, which was after the day on which Jews prepared for the Sabbath” or “the next day, which was the Sabbath” -27:62 j57n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συνήχθησαν 1 See how you translated **gathered together** in [26:3](../26/03.md). -27:63 sc6y ἐκεῖνος ὁ πλάνος & ἔτι ζῶν 1 Alternate translation: “Jesus, the deceiver, when he was alive” -27:63 ri5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν & μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἐγείρομαι. 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would not be used in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said that after three days he would be raised up” -27:63 ou2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας 1 Jesus was referring to **three days** after he died. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “After three days of being dead” -27:63 jp1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture ἐγείρομαι 1 The Jewish leaders quote Jesus using the present tense to refer to a future event. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the future tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “I will be raised up” -27:63 e6uz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐγείρομαι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will raise me up” -27:63 ike6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐγείρομαι 1 Here, **raised up** is an idiom that refers to a dead person becoming alive again. See how you translated **raised up** in [20:19](../20/19.md). -27:64 r0qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative κέλευσον 1 Here, **command** is an imperative, but since the Jewish leaders cannot command Pilate to do this, you could translate this phrase as an expression of what they want. Alternate translation: “we want you to command” -27:64 b8n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀσφαλισθῆναι τὸν τάφον 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers to make the tomb secure” +27:29 km30 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀκανθῶν 1 Matthew uses the word **thorns** to refer to small branches with **thorns** on them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “thorny branches” +27:29 dlz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction γονυπετήσαντες ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ 1 In Jesus’ culture, kneeling before someone was a way to respect a greater person, especially when asking the greater person to do a favor. Here, the soldiers perform this action to mock Jesus by pretending that he is a king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a similar action from your culture, or you could explain what kneeling means. Alternate translation: “having prostrated themselves before him” or “having knelt down before him as if he were a king” +27:29 jg2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they spoke these words:” +27:29 qf8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony χαῖρε, ὁ Βασιλεῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων 1 Here the soldiers mock Jesus by greeting him as if he were **King of the Jews** when they do not believe that he actually is. They actually meant to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of their words, as Matthew indicates when he says that **they mocked him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that this is irony. Alternate translation: “Rejoice, you so-called King of the Jews” +27:29 myii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom χαῖρε 1 In Jesus’ culture, people commonly greeted each other with the word **Rejoice**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or phrase that people use to greet each other. Alternate translation: “Hello” +27:30 p47w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἐμπτύσαντες εἰς αὐτὸν 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would spit on someone to insult that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain what this action means. Alternate translation: “having spit on him to dishonor him” +27:30 ib5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν κάλαμον 1 Here, the phrase **the reed** refers to the stick the soldiers had put in Jesus’ right hand in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the reed from his right hand” +27:31 jwns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπήγαγον αὐτὸν 1 Here Matthew implies that they **led** Jesus **away** from the Praetorium. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “led him away from the Praetorium” +27:32 m5bl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +27:32 d0ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξερχόμενοι 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “going” instead of **coming**. Alternate translation: “going out” +27:32 j5wq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξερχόμενοι 1 Here, **coming out** implies that Jesus and the soldiers came out of the city of Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “coming out of Jerusalem” +27:32 e9k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants ἄνθρωπον Κυρηναῖον, ὀνόματι Σίμωνα 1 Here Matthew introduces a man named **Simon** into the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a certain man. He was from Cyrene, and he was called Simon” +27:32 tfkm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Σίμωνα 1 The word **Simon** is the name of a man. +27:32 sfj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοῦτον ἠγγάρευσαν ἵνα ἄρῃ 1 According to Roman law, Roman soldiers could someone **into service**, which that they could force a person to carry a load for them or work for them. In this case, they forced **Simon** to carry Jesus’ cross. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of forced service, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “They conscripted this one so that he would carry” or “They made this one carry” +27:32 i6l0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τοῦτον ἠγγάρευσαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **service**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “They forced this one to serve them” +27:33 zjki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” +27:33 j6hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τόπον λεγόμενον Γολγοθᾶ, ὅ ἐστιν & λεγόμενος 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a place that people call Golgotha, which means” +27:33 lopg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Γολγοθᾶ 1 The word **Golgotha** is an Aramaic word. Matthew has spelled it out using Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded. Since Matthew states what this word means later in the verse, you also should spell it out the way it sounds in your language. +27:34 f11j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πιεῖν οἶνον μετὰ χολῆς μεμιγμένον 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the soldiers. Alternate translation: “wine, which they had mixed with gall, to drink” +27:34 e2uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo χολῆς 1 Here, **gall** refers to a liquid with a bitter taste. This liquid may have been a pain-relieving medicine, or it may simply have made the wine taste bitter. If possible, use a form that does indicate what the **gall** would have been used for. Alternate translation: “something bitter” or “a bitter substance” +27:35 yuax rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +27:35 w8b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διεμερίσαντο τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ 1 Here Matthew means that the soldiers took the clothes that Jesus had been wearing and **divided** them up by giving each piece of clothing to a soldier. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the soldiers took his clothes and distributed them among them” +27:35 d4h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown βάλλοντες κλῆρον 1 The term **lot** refers to an object with different markings on various sides that was used to decide randomly among several possibilities. It would be tossed onto the ground to see which marked side would come up on top. If your readers would not be familiar with a **lot**, you could refer to practice in your culture, or you could use a more general expression for gambling. Alternate translation: “rolling dice” or “deciding randomly” +27:35 u4dl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit βάλλοντες κλῆρον 1 Matthew implies that the soldiers were **casting a lot** in order to determine who would take which pieces of Jesus’ clothing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “casting a lot to decide who would take which pieces of clothing” +27:36 o9ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐτήρουν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ 1 Here Matthew implies that the soldiers **were guarding**Jesus to prevent anyone from rescuing him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they kept guard over him there to prevent anyone from rescuing him” +27:37 j4s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὴν αἰτίαν αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **his charge** represents the written explanation of **his charge**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a placard stating his charge” +27:37 uf56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν αἰτίαν αὐτοῦ 1 Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe the **charge** that was made against Jesus. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the charge against him” +27:37 an2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γεγραμμένην 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the soldiers. Alternate translation: “which the soldiers had written” +27:37 y058 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων 1 Here the soldiers mock Jesus by referring to him as if he were **King of the Jews** when they do not believe that he actually is. They actually mean to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of their words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that this is irony. Alternate translation: “the so-called King of the Jews” +27:38 zq4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σταυροῦνται & δύο λῃσταί 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the soldiers. Alternate translation: “Pilate’s soldiers crucified two robbers” +27:38 ms2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture σταυροῦνται 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “were being crucified” +27:38 ci6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj εἷς ἐκ δεξιῶν, καὶ εἷς ἐξ εὐωνύμων 1 Here, Matthew uses the adjectives **right** and **left** as nouns to refer to Jesus’ right and left sides. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “one on his right side and one on his left side” +27:39 i8od rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Also” +27:39 d4fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction κινοῦντες τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν 1 The people’s action of **wagging their heads** at Jesus showed that they felt disdain for him and that they disapproved of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a gesture with a similar meaning in your culture, or you could indicate what the gesture means. Alternate translation: “showing disdain for him by wagging their heads” or “wagging their heads to mock him” +27:40 mcmb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “mocking him” +27:40 p6sq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ καταλύων τὸν ναὸν καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις οἰκοδομῶν 1 Here the people refer to Jesus by what the false witnesses testified during his trial that he had said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate more explicitly that the people are describing Jesus. Alternate translation: “You who said that you would destroy the temple and in three days rebuild it” +27:40 n8d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις 1 Here, the phrase **in three days** refers to a time period made up of three days. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated this phrase in [26:61](../26/61.md). Alternate translation: “during a period of three days” +27:40 t23i rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ κατάβηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 The people are suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that Jesus can only **come down from the cross** if he is the Son of God. The people are speaking as if it is uncertain who Jesus is in order to challenge him to do something to prove that he really is **the Son of God**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing something that could be true. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are the Son of God by coming down from the cross” +27:40 b5lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples υἱὸς & τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship with God the Father. +27:40 ipxr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go κατάβηθι 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “go down” +27:42 wu7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἄλλους ἔσωσεν 1 In context, the Jewish leaders are implicitly referring to how Jesus **saved others** by healing their diseases, releasing them from demon-possession, and saving them from other physical problems. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “He saved others by curing or exorcising them” +27:42 ff4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἄλλους 1 The Jewish leaders are using the adjective **others** as a noun to mean other people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “other men and women” +27:42 vmdc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo Βασιλεὺς Ἰσραήλ ἐστιν, καταβάτω νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ, καὶ πιστεύσομεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 Here the Jewish leaders use what they think is an imaginary situation to prove that Jesus is not really **the King of Israel**. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Imagine he really were the King of Israel. In that case, he should come down now from the cross, and we will believe in him” or “If he is the King of Israel, let him come down now from the cross. Then, we will believe in him” +27:42 j6l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Βασιλεὺς Ἰσραήλ ἐστιν 1 Here the Jewish leaders mock Jesus by speaking about him as if he were **the King of Israle** when they do not believe that he actually is. They actually mean to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of their words, as Matthew indicated when he says that they mocked him (see [27:41](../27/41.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that this is irony. Alternate translation: “He is the so-called King of Israel” or “He thinks he is the King of Israel” +27:42 gmp0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p καταβάτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He must come down” +27:42 mnzq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go καταβάτω 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “Let him go down” +27:43 owmw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result πέποιθεν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν, ῥυσάσθω νῦν εἰ θέλει αὐτόν & εἶπεν γὰρ, ὅτι Θεοῦ εἰμι Υἱός 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the last sentence gives the reason for the result that the first sentence describes. Alternate translation: “He said, ‘I am the Son of God.’ So, since he has trusted in God, let God deliver him now, if he wants him” +27:43 zy1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo πέποιθεν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν, ῥυσάσθω νῦν εἰ θέλει αὐτόν 1 Here the Jewish leaders use what they think is an imaginary situation to prove that God does not really protect or want Jesus. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Imagine he really trusted in God and that God really wanted him. In that case, God would deliver him now” or “If he has trusted in God and if God wants him, let God rescue him now” +27:43 wni7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p ῥυσάσθω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he must rescue him” +27:43 cl97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν & ὅτι Θεοῦ εἰμι Υἱός. 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he said that he was the Son of God” +27:43 uw85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ & Υἱός 1 **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship with God the Father. +27:44 sr3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δ’ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces something else that was happening. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces another action, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “At the same time,” or “Even more,” +27:44 e26y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἱ συνσταυρωθέντες 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the soldiers. Alternate translation: “whom Pilate’s soldiers were crucifying” +27:44 fgqt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ & αὐτὸ 1 Here, the phrase **the same** indicates that the **robbers** used the same kind of insults that the Jewish leaders did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “with the same insults” +27:45 e7z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +27:45 s2l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἕκτης ὥρας & ὥρας ἐνάτης 1 In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. So, **the sixth hour** would be around noon, and **the ninth hour** would be around three o’clock in the afternoon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. See how you translated these time references in [20:5](../20/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 12:00 PM … about 3:00 PM” +27:45 xsps rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal ἕκτης ὥρας & ὥρας ἐνάτης 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here or equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “hour six … hour nine” +27:45 pi8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σκότος ἐγένετο 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **darkness**, you could express it in a different way. Alternate translation: “the sky darkened” or “the light dimmed” +27:45 ii2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν 1 Here, **all the land** could refer to: (1) the entire area around where Jesus was crucified. This could include just the city of Jerusalem or all of Palestine. Alternate translation: “over all that region” (2) the entire earth. Alternate translation: “over the whole earth” +27:46 rsi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +27:46 rcjr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν ἐνάτην ὥραν 1 See how you translated **the ninth hour** in [27:45](../27/45.md). Alternate translation: “3:00 PM” +27:46 u1cu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τὴν ἐνάτην ὥραν 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “hour nine” +27:46 qyp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀνεβόησεν & φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 1 Here, the phrase **cried out with a loud voice** means Jesus raised the volume of his voice. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yelled loudly” +27:46 rbm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said” +27:46 xub2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Ἐλωῒ, Ἐλωῒ, λεμὰ σαβαχθάνει 1 This phrase is what Jesus **cried out** in Aramaic. Matthew has spelled the words out using Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded. Since Matthew states what this word means later in the verse, you also should spell it out the way it sounds in your language. +27:46 lm4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦτ’ ἔστιν 1 Here Matthew uses the phrase **This is** to introduce what the Aramaic words means. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Those words can be translated this way:” or “Here is what that means:” +27:47 pdhw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +27:47 y60j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀκούσαντες 1 Matthew implies that the people did not understand what Jesus said. They heard him say “Eli,” which means “My God,” but they thought it sounded like the name **Elijah**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state more explicitly that these people misunderstood Jesus. Alternate translation: “having heard Jesus speaking without understanding him” +27:48 bsy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σπόγγον 1 A **sponge** is a soft, porous object that can soak up and hold liquid, which comes out of it when the **sponge** is squeezed. If your readers would not be familiar with this object, you could use the name of something your readers would use for soaking up liquid, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “something to soak up liquid” +27:48 jm37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ὄξους 1 Here, **vinegar** refers to the inexpensive and sour wine that common people in Jesus’ culture would usually drink. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of beverage, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “with cheap wine” or “with an inexpensive alcoholic beverage” +27:48 bh51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περιθεὶς καλάμῳ, ἐπότιζεν αὐτόν 1 The person put the **sponge** on a **reed**, or long stick, so that he could hold the **sponge** up to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having put it around a reed, he used the reed to lift the sponge up to Jesus to give it to him to drink” +27:49 uccl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what **the rest** of the people who were there did in contrast with how one person gave Jesus some sour wine. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” or “However,” +27:49 vpj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj οἱ & λοιποὶ 1 Matthew is using the adjective **rest** as a noun to mean **the rest** of the people who were there. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the rest of the people who were watching” +27:49 ll7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἄφες 1 Here, the clause **Leave {him}** means that the person who gave Jesus the sour wine should stop doing things to and for Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Ignore him” or “Stop doing things for him” +27:49 aq90 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἔρχεται & σώσων αὐτόν 1 Here, the phrase **saving him** indicates the purpose for which **Elijah** would come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “comes in order to save him” +27:49 jj90 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχεται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “goes” +27:50 wzak rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +27:50 n21n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πάλιν κράξας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 1 Here, the phrase **cried out again with a loud voice** means Jesus raised the volume of his voice again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase in [27:46](../27/46.md). Alternate translation: “having yelled loudly” +27:50 fj1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism ἀφῆκεν τὸ πνεῦμα 1 Here, the phrase **released his spirit** could: (1) simply indicate that Jesus died. In this case, the phrase is a polite way to refer to death. Alternate translation: “breathed his last” or “expired” (2) mean that Jesus voluntarily chose to die at this moment. In this case, Matthew is that Jesus died and also that he chose to die. Alternate translation: “allowed himself to die” or “willingly died” +27:51 a92g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly” +27:51 m1ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ ἐσχίσθη εἰς δύο, ἀπ’ ἄνωθεν ἕως κάτω, καὶ ἡ γῆ ἐσείσθη, καὶ αἱ πέτραι ἐσχίσθησαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the actions, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God split the temple of the curtain in two from top to bottom, and he shook the earth, and he split the rocks” +27:51 xp2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ 1 Here Matthew could referring to the **curtain**: (1) that separated the Most Holy Place from the rest of **the temple**. Alternate translation: “the curtain that marked off the Most Holy Place in the temple” (2) that separated the Holy Place from the rest of **the temple** area. Alternate translation: “the curtain that marked off the temple building” +27:51 zt7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun αἱ πέτραι 1 The phrase **the rocks** represents nearby rocks in general, not one particular set of **rocks**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the nearby rocks” or “many rocks” +27:52 a1cu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὰ μνημεῖα ἀνεῴχθησαν, καὶ πολλὰ σώματα τῶν κεκοιμημένων ἁγίων ἠγέρθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the actions, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God opened the tombs, and he raised many bodies of the saints having fallen asleep” +27:52 dgii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τὰ μνημεῖα 1 The phrase **the tombs** represents nearby tombs in general, not one particular set of tombs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the nearby tombs” or “many tombs” +27:52 x18l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πολλὰ σώματα τῶν κεκοιμημένων ἁγίων ἠγέρθη 1 Here Matthew does not just mean that **bodies** were raised but rather that people as a whole were raised. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “many of the saints having fallen asleep were raised” +27:52 ofmg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἁγίων 1 Here, the word **saints** could refer to: (1) anyone who was part of God’s people. Alternate translation: “God’s people” (2) people who were particularly holy or righteous. Alternate translation: “holy people” or “righteous people” +27:52 hgn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism κεκοιμημένων 1 Here, the phrase **fallen asleep** refers politely to people dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could a form that politely refers to a person dying, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having passed away” or “having perished”\n +27:52 kj3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠγέρθη 1 Here, the word **raised** refers to people who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “were restored to life” +27:53 q2x5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure ἐξελθόντες ἐκ τῶν μνημείων μετὰ τὴν ἔγερσιν αὐτοῦ, εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὴν ἁγίαν πόλιν 1 Here, the phrase **after his resurrection** could go with: (1) **having come out from the tombs**. In this case, the resurrected people did not leave their **tombs** until after Jesus’ resurrection. Alternate translation: “after his resurrection having out from the tombs, they entered into the holy city” (2) **they entered into the holy city**. In this case, the resurrected people left their **tombs** right away but did not enter into **the holy city** until after Jesus’ resurrection. Alternate translation: “having come out from the tombs, they entered into the holy city after his resurrection”\n +27:53 ac1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone out” +27:53 zd6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μετὰ τὴν ἔγερσιν αὐτοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **resurrection**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “after he resurrected” +27:53 xfwo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πολλοῖς 1 Matthew is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to many men and women” +27:54 f6rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +27:54 vv2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ τηροῦντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 Here Matthew implies that the soldiers were **guarding**Jesus to prevent anyone from rescuing him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you expressed the similar idea in [27:36](../27/36.md). Alternate translation: “the ones with him guarding Jesus to prevent anyone from rescuing him” +27:54 gse9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” +27:54 gw6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ Υἱὸς 1 **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship with God the Father. +27:55 ekxh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 Matthews uses the word **Now** to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens later in the story. The word does not introduce the next event in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile,” or “During all those things,” +27:55 h0m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠκολούθησαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **followed Jesus** could indicate that: (1) the **women** had traveled with Jesus and were his disciple. Alternate translation: “traveled with Jesus as his students” (2) the **women** walked with Jesus on the road. Alternate translation: “walked with Jesus” or “went with Jesus”\n +27:56 yni6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names καὶ Μαρία ἡ & μήτηρ 1 The word **Mary** is the name of a woman. This **Mary** was not **Mary Magdalene** nor Mary the mother of Jesus. Matthew identifies her instead as **the mother of James and Joseph**. +27:56 xx27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἰακώβου & Ἰωσὴφ 1 The words **James** and **Joseph** are the names of men. +27:56 ud33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν υἱῶν Ζεβεδαίου 1 Here Matthew refers to James and John, who were the **sons of Zebedee**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated the similar phrase in [20:20](../20/20.md). Alternate translation: “of James and John, the sons of Zebedee” +27:57 wm5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Later on,” +27:57 iops rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants ἦλθεν ἄνθρωπος πλούσιος ἀπὸ Ἁριμαθαίας, τοὔνομα Ἰωσήφ, ὃς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμαθητεύθη τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Matthew is here introducing the **Joseph** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a man named Joseph came. He was from Arimathea, and he was rich. He also himself was discipled by Jesus” +27:57 m910 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went” +27:57 sy9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἁριμαθαίας & Ἰωσήφ 1 The word **Joseph** is the name of a man, and the word **Arimathea** is the name of the city he was from. +27:57 d42k τοὔνομα Ἰωσήφ 1 Alternate translation: “who was called Joseph” +27:57 o9c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὃς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμαθητεύθη τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom also Jesus had discipled” +27:58 kjyw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ᾐτήσατο τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 The reason that Joseph asked **Pilate** for **the body of Jesus** was so that he could bury it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “asked for the body of Jesus so that he could bury it” +27:58 c69n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀποδοθῆναι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be Pilate’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers to give it to him” +27:59 q9q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἐνετύλιξεν αὐτὸ σινδόνι καθαρᾷ 1 This was the burial custom in this culture. If your readers would not be familiar with such a custom, you could indicate that more explicitly, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “wrapped it in a clean linen burial cloth” or “prepared it for burial” +27:59 kj7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σινδόνι καθαρᾷ 1 The term **linen cloth** refers to a high quality cloth made from the fibers of the flax plant. If your readers would be unfamiliar with **linen**, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “in a clean, fine cloth” +27:60 hvs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃ ἐλατόμησεν ἐν τῇ πέτρᾳ 1 Matthew implies that Joseph had hired people to **cut** the tomb **in the rock**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “which he had had people cut in the rock” +27:60 lt4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἐλατόμησεν ἐν τῇ πέτρᾳ 1 Here Matthew means specifically a burial place that had been **cut** or chiseled out of **rock**, most likely into the face of a cliff. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of burial place, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “which had been chiseled into the rock” or “which had been specially prepared”\n +27:60 vd4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προσκυλίσας λίθον μέγαν τῇ θύρᾳ τοῦ μνημείου 1 Here Matthew implies that Joseph **rolled** the **large stone** to close up **the tomb**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having rolled a large stone against the door of the tomb to close it up” +27:61 wpms rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces something that was happening at the same time as what Matthew narrated in the previous verse (Joseph burying Jesus’ body). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a simultaneous action, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile,” or “While that was happening,” +27:61 zepe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ ἄλλη Μαρία 1 Here Matthew implies that this is the other woman, also called **Mary**, whom he mentioned in [27:56](../27/56.md) as the mother of James and Joseph. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the other Mary, the mother of James and Joseph,” +27:61 ihr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀπέναντι 1 Here, the word **opposite** means that **Mary Magdalene** and **the other Mary** were directly in front of **the tomb**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before” or “facing” +27:62 wxrc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” or “After all that,” +27:62 qj59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ & ἐπαύριον, ἥτις ἐστὶν μετὰ τὴν παρασκευήν 1 Here, **the Day of Preparation** refers to the day before the Sabbath, on which Jews would prepare for the Sabbath so that they would not have to do work on that day. So, **the next day** here refers to the Sabbath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the next day, which was after the day on which Jews prepared for the Sabbath” or “the next day, which was the Sabbath” +27:62 j57n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συνήχθησαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “gathered” or “came together” +27:63 xcil rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they told him” +27:63 hgar rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness κύριε 1 In Jesus’ culture, the word **Lord** was a polite way for subjects to address their governor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that is a polite way to address a governor or leader in your culture. Alternate translation: “Honorable sir” +27:63 sc6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκεῖνος ὁ πλάνος 1 Here the chief priests and Pharisees imply that they are speaking about Jesus, whom they call a **deceiver**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “that deceiver, Jesus,” +27:63 ri5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἶπεν ἔτι ζῶν, μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἐγείρομαι. 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “said, still living, that after three days he is being raised up” +27:63 ou2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας 1 Jesus was referring to **three days** after he died. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Three days after my death” +27:63 jp1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ἐγείρομαι 1 The Jewish leaders quote Jesus using the present tense to refer to a future event that he considers to be certain. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the future tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “I will be raised up” +27:63 ike6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐγείρομαι 1 Here, the word **raised** refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am being restored to life” +27:63 e6uz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐγείρομαι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, Jesus could be implying that: (1) God will do it. Alternate translation: “God is raising me up” (2) Jesus himself will do it. Alternate translation: “I am raising myself up” +27:64 r0qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative κέλευσον 1 This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “we ask that you command” +27:64 b8n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀσφαλισθῆναι τὸν τάφον 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be Pilate’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers to secure the tomb” +27:64 t03r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἕως τῆς τρίτης ἡμέρας 1 Here, the phrase **until the third day** means that the tomb should be **secured** that day, the following day, and the day after that. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through the third day from now” or “today, tomorrow, and the day after tomorrow” 27:64 hbh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τῆς τρίτης ἡμέρας 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “day three” 27:64 pwc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντες 1 Your language may say “gone” rather than **come** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “having gone” -27:64 jgqs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντες 1 The Jewish leaders imply here that Jesus’ **disciples** might **come** to the tomb in which Jesus was buried. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having come to Jesus’ tomb” -27:64 t78s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἴπωσιν τῷ λαῷ, ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν; καὶ 1 If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would not be used in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “might say to the people that he has been raised up from the dead, and” -27:64 km0j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠγέρθη 1 See how you translated **raised up** in the previous verse. -27:64 c7bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 Here, the phrase translated **the dead ones** refers to **dead** people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the place where dead people are” -27:64 u5tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ ἐσχάτη πλάνη 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **deception**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the last time they deceive people” -27:65 dkq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns κουστωδίαν 1 The word **guard** here is a singular noun that refers to a group of soldiers. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a group of guards” -27:66 pk1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σφραγίσαντες τὸν λίθον 1 This means that a seal was put on the **stone** that covered the entrance of Jesus’ **tomb**. The seal would break if someone moved the **stone**, thus indicating that the **stone** was moved. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having placed a seal on the stone that was against the entrance of the tomb” -27:66 e8uf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns τῆς κουστωδίας 1 See how you translated the same use of **guard** in the previous verse. +27:64 jgqs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντες 1 The Jewish leaders imply here that Jesus’ **disciples** might **come** to the tomb in which Jesus was buried. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having come to Jesus’ tomb” +27:64 t78s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes εἴπωσιν τῷ λαῷ, ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν; καὶ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “say to the people that he has been raised up from the dead, and” +27:64 km0j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἠγέρθη 1 Here, the word **raised** refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable idiom or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He has been restored to life” +27:64 rdo2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἠγέρθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, the chief priests and Pharisees could be indicating that the disciples will claim that: (1) God did it. Alternate translation: “God has raised him up” (2) Jesus himself did it. Alternate translation: “He has raised himself up” +27:64 c7bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 Matthew is using the adjective **dead** as a noun in order to refer to people who are dead. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “from among the dead people” or “from the corpses” +27:64 axl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔσται ἡ ἐσχάτη πλάνη χείρων τῆς πρώτης 1 Here, the phrase **the last deception** refers to what the chief priests and Pharisees have just suggested that Jesus’ disciples might do. The phrase **the first** refers to Jesus’ teaching, which the chief priests and Pharisees considered to be deceptive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “this last deception accomplished by his disciples will be worse than the first one accomplished by his teaching” +27:64 u5tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ ἐσχάτη πλάνη 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **deception**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the last time the people are deceived” +27:64 ae12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis τῆς πρώτης 1 The chief priests and Pharisees are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the first deception” +27:64 ts1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal τῆς πρώτης 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the earlier” or “number one” +27:65 dfji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative ἔχετε κουστωδίαν 1 Here, Pilate could be using the statement **You have a guard** to: (1) give the chief priests and Pharisees permission to take **a guard** of Roman soldiers with them. Alternate translation: “You may take a Roman guard” (2) tell the chief priests and Pharisees that they already have their own **guard** that they should use. Alternate translation: “You already have your own guard” +27:65 dkq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns κουστωδίαν 1 In this verse, the word **guard** is singular in form, but it refers to multiple soldiers or guards as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “some guards” or “soldiers to act as guards” +27:65 h8n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἔχετε & ὑπάγετε ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε 1 Since Pilate is speaking to the chief priests and Pharisees, the words **You** and **you** and the commands **Go** and **secure {it}** are plural. +27:65 aqvl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπάγετε 1 Here Pilate implies that they should **Go** to Jesus’ tomb. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Go to his tomb” +27:65 ib28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡς οἴδατε 1 Here, the phrase **as you know** indicates that Pilate wants the chief priests and Pharisees to **secure** the tomb in whatever ways they **know** are effective. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as best as you can” or “in whatever way you think is best” +27:66 v93i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go πορευθέντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come” +27:66 pk1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σφραγίσαντες τὸν λίθον 1 Here Matthew means that a seal was put on the **stone** that covered the entrance of Jesus’ **tomb**. The seal would break if someone moved the **stone**, thus indicating that the **stone** had been moved. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “having placed a seal on the stone that closed the tomb” +27:66 fn2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μετὰ τῆς κουστωδίας 1 Here Matthew means that the chief priests and Pharisees left **the guard** at the tomb to help **secure** it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “and having stationed the guard there” +27:66 e8uf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns τῆς κουστωδίας 1 See how you translated **guard** in [27:65](../27/65.md). Alternate translation: “the guards” or “the soldiers who were acting as guards” 28:intro psw9 0 # Matthew 28 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The tomb\n\nThe tomb in which Jesus was buried ([28:1](../28/01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/tomb]])\n\n### “Make disciples”\n\nThe last two verses ([28:19–20](../28/19.md)) are commonly known as “The Great Commission” because they contain a very important command given to all Christians. Christians are to “make disciples” by going to people, sharing the gospel with them, and training them to live according to what Jesus commanded. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### An angel of the Lord\n\nMatthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing appearing to the women at Jesus’ tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels looked like male humans. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULT without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1–2](../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../jhn/20/12.md)) 28:1 anr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 **Now** here indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is a new event that happened soon after the time of the events the story has just related in the previous chapter. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then” 28:1 qkn8 ὀψὲ δὲ Σαββάτων, τῇ ἐπιφωσκούσῃ εἰς μίαν σαββάτων 1 Alternate translation: “Now after the Sabbath ended, as the sun came up on the first day of the week”