From 100c5927546ffc078228c38e0358acd2f878ffa6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: christopherrsmith Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2023 15:42:58 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Merge christopherrsmith-tc-create-1 into master by christopherrsmith (#3369) --- tn_HAG.tsv | 24 ++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_HAG.tsv b/tn_HAG.tsv index 5fa2ed6dd6..a96cc74b0b 100644 --- a/tn_HAG.tsv +++ b/tn_HAG.tsv @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note -front:intro hz6m 1 # Introduction to Haggai\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### What is the book of Haggai about?\n\nIn 539 B.C., the Persian emperor Cyrus conquered the Babylonian empire. He permitted peoples whom the Babylonians had exiled to return to their homelands. So the next year, a group of Israelites from the former kingdom of Judah returned home from exile. Within two years, they began to repair Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. But after they had only laid the foundation, their enemies forced them to stop. However, around 520 B.C. a new king, Darius, became emperor of Persia, and he was likely to allow the Judeans to finish rebuilding the temple. Nevertheless, they neglected that work and built luxurious homes for themselves instead. In response, Yahweh prevented their crops from growing well, and the people became hungry and poor. Yahweh then sent the prophet Haggai to explain to them that he had done this because they had neglected his temple. Through Haggai, Yahweh promised that if they would rebuild his temple, he would bless them once again with abundant crops. Yahweh also promised their governor, Zerubbabel, that he would make him an honored leader among the nations of the world. The people responded to Haggai’s prophesies by obeying Yahweh and rebuilding his temple, and Yahweh blessed them once again.\n\n### Outline of Haggai\n\nThe book of Haggai consists of four oracles that Yahweh gave him to deliver to the Judeans who had returned from exile. Each oracle is dated on a particular day of a specific month in the second year of the reign of Darius as emperor of Persia.\n\n- First oracle (1:1–15a): The people must finish the temple so that Yahweh will bless them again\n- Second oracle (1:15b–2:9): The rebuilt temple will be more glorious than the first temple\n- Third oracle (2:10–19): Yahweh has withheld crops, but now he will bless the people\n- Fourth oracle (2:20–23): Yahweh will defeat the nations and establish Zerubbabel as his honored ruler \n\n### Who was the prophet Haggai?\n\nThe book of Haggai does not tell us very much about the prophet whose oracles it records. Haggai is mentioned briefly in one other book of the Bible. Ezra 5:1 tells us that Haggai “prophesied to the Jews who were in Judah and in Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel who was over them.” Ezra 6:14 adds that “the elders of the Jews were building and prospering by the prophesying of Haggai the prophet” and that “they built and completed” the temple of Yahweh in Jerusalem. But we know nothing beyond this. Still, we can recognize that Haggai must have been a man of faith, courage, and conviction to challenge the Judeans in their comfortable complacency and inspire them to renew the work of rebuilding the temple.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Haggai” or “The Book of Haggai.” Translators may also decide to give it a title such as “The Prophecies of Haggai” or “The Sayings of Haggai”\n\n## Part 2: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Hebrew months\n\nThe book of Haggai dates each of its four oracles by the day of a Hebrew month. In your translation, you could convert these Hebrew days and months into approximate dates on the calendar that your culture uses. Notes will give equivalents on Western calendars for those who wish to do this. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will often not be accurate. So it may be preferable to state the number of the day and the name of the month of the Hebrew calendar in the text of your translation and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar.\n\n### Quote marks\n\nThe oracles of Haggai are direct first-level quotations from Yahweh. They contain second-level and third-level quotations. If you decide to present those as direct quotations, you can indicate their beginnings and endings with second-level and third-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language may use. You may also be able to use special formatting to set off these quotations. Alternatively, if your language would not put direct quotations inside a direct quotation, you could represent the second-level and third-level quotations as indirect quotations. Notes suggest how you could do this in various places.\n\n### “The declaration of Yahweh”\n\nHaggai frequently uses the formula “the declaration of Yahweh” to identify his oracles as words that Yahweh has given him to speak. If your language would not use an abstract noun such as “declaration,” you could express the same idea in another way. You might say, for example, “this is what Yahweh declares.”\n\n### “House” meaning “temple”\n\nThroughout the book of Haggai, various speakers use the word “house” to mean “temple.” They are speaking of the temple as if it would be a house in which God lived, since God’s presence would be there. If it would be helpful to your readers, in your translation you could state the meaning plainly and say “temple” rather than “house” in each of these instances.\n\n### Singular and plural “you”\n\nThroughout the book, the words “you,” “yourselves,” and “your” and the implied “you” in imperatives are all plural because Yahweh is addressing the returned exiles as a group. The only exception is in the last verse, where “you” is singular because Yahweh is speaking to Zerubbabel alone. So if your language marks a distinction between singular and plural “you,” use plural forms throughout your translation except in the last verse, where the singular form is appropriate.\n\n### The date formula of the second oracle\n\nIn 1:1 and 2:10, the first and third oracles in the book are dated with a day, month, and year. It may therefore be that the reference to a year in 1:19, “in the second year of Darius the king,” is actually part of the dating of the second oracle, which follows immediately afterwards in the text, although after a chapter and verse division. Some versions begin a new sentence with that phrase in order to put the information about the “second year” with the information in 2:1 about the “seventh month” and the “twenty-first day.” Some versions also put a section heading before “In the second year” to suggest that a new oracle is starting with that phrase. Other versions place the chapter and verse division before “In the second year of Darius the king, which makes that phrase part of 2:1. (The chapter and verse divisions in the Bible were added many centuries after the Bible was written, as an aid to locating passages within the Bible. Subsequently, some translators and publishers have made various adjustments to the placement of chapter and verse divisions.) In your translation, present the material in the way that you feel will be most helpful to your readers. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure.)\n -1:intro n84r 1 # Haggai 1 General Notes\n\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n\nThis chapter contains the first oracle that Haggai delivered from Yahweh to the Judeans who had returned from exile.\n\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in verses 4, 6, and 8–11.\r +front:intro hz6m 1 # Introduction to Haggai\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### What is the book of Haggai about?\n\nIn 539 B.C., the Persian emperor Cyrus conquered the Babylonian empire. He permitted peoples whom the Babylonians had exiled to return to their homelands. So the next year, a group of Israelites from the former kingdom of Judah returned home from exile. Within two years, they began to repair Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. But after they had only laid the foundation, their enemies forced them to stop. However, around 520 B.C. a new king, Darius, became emperor of Persia, and he was likely to allow the Judeans to finish rebuilding the temple. Nevertheless, they neglected that work and built luxurious homes for themselves instead. In response, Yahweh prevented their crops from growing well, and the people became hungry and poor. Yahweh then sent the prophet Haggai to explain to them that he had done this because they had neglected his temple. Through Haggai, Yahweh promised that if they would rebuild his temple, he would bless them once again with abundant crops. Yahweh also promised their governor, Zerubbabel, that he would make him an honored leader among the nations of the world. The people responded to Haggai’s prophesies by obeying Yahweh and rebuilding his temple, and Yahweh blessed them once again.\n\n### Outline of Haggai\n\nThe book of Haggai consists of four oracles that Yahweh gave him to deliver to the Judeans who had returned from exile. Each oracle is dated on a particular day of a specific month in the second year of the reign of Darius as emperor of Persia.\n\n- First oracle (1:1–15a): The people must finish the temple so that Yahweh will bless them again\n- Second oracle (1:15b–2:9): The rebuilt temple will be more glorious than the first temple\n- Third oracle (2:10–19): Yahweh has withheld crops, but now he will bless the people\n- Fourth oracle (2:20–23): Yahweh will defeat the nations and establish Zerubbabel as his honored ruler \n\n### Who was the prophet Haggai?\n\nThe book of Haggai does not tell us very much about the prophet whose oracles it records. Haggai is mentioned briefly in one other book of the Bible. Ezra 5:1 tells us that Haggai “prophesied to the Jews who were in Judah and in Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel who was over them.” Ezra 6:14 adds that “the elders of the Jews were building and prospering by the prophesying of Haggai the prophet” and that “they built and completed” the temple of Yahweh in Jerusalem. But we know nothing beyond this. Still, we can recognize that Haggai must have been a man of faith, courage, and conviction to challenge the Judeans in their comfortable complacency and inspire them to renew the work of rebuilding the temple.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Haggai” or “The Book of Haggai.” Translators may also decide to give it a title such as “The Prophecies of Haggai” or “The Sayings of Haggai”\n\n## Part 2: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Hebrew months\n\nThe book of Haggai dates each of its four oracles by the day of a Hebrew month. In your translation, you could convert these Hebrew days and months into approximate dates on the calendar that your culture uses. Notes will give equivalents on Western calendars for those who wish to do this. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will often not be accurate. So it may be preferable to state the number of the day and the name of the month of the Hebrew calendar in the text of your translation and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar.\n\n### Quote marks\n\nThe oracles of Haggai are direct first-level quotations from Yahweh. They contain second-level and third-level quotations. If you decide to present those as direct quotations, you can indicate their beginnings and endings with second-level and third-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language may use. You may also be able to use special formatting to set off these quotations. Alternatively, if your language would not put direct quotations inside a direct quotation, you could represent the second-level and third-level quotations as indirect quotations. Notes suggest how you could do this in various places.\n\n### “The declaration of Yahweh”\n\nHaggai frequently uses the formula “the declaration of Yahweh” to identify his oracles as words that Yahweh has given him to speak. If your language would not use an abstract noun such as “declaration,” you could express the same idea in another way. You might say, for example, “this is what Yahweh declares.”\n\n### “House” meaning “temple”\n\nThroughout the book of Haggai, various speakers use the word “house” to mean “temple.” They are speaking of the temple as if it would be a house in which God lived, since God’s presence would be there. If it would be helpful to your readers, in your translation you could state the meaning plainly and say “temple” rather than “house” in each of these instances.\n\n### Singular and plural “you”\n\nThroughout the book, the words “you,” “yourselves,” and “your” and the implied “you” in imperatives are all plural because Yahweh is addressing the returned exiles as a group. The only exception is in the last verse, where “you” is singular because Yahweh is speaking to Zerubbabel alone. So if your language marks a distinction between singular and plural “you,” use plural forms throughout your translation except in the last verse, where the singular form is appropriate.\n\n### The date formula of the second oracle\n\nIn 1:1 and 2:10, the first and third oracles in the book are dated with a day, month, and year. It may therefore be that the reference to a year in 1:19, “in the second year of Darius the king,” is actually part of the dating of the second oracle, which follows immediately afterwards in the text, although after a chapter and verse division. Some versions begin a new sentence with that phrase in order to put the information about the “second year” with the information in 2:1 about the “seventh month” and the “twenty-first day.” Some versions also put a section heading before “In the second year” to suggest that a new oracle is starting with that phrase. Other versions place the chapter and verse division before “In the second year of Darius the king,” which makes that phrase part of 2:1. (The chapter and verse divisions in the Bible were added many centuries after the Bible was written, as an aid to locating passages within the Bible. Subsequently, some translators and publishers have made various adjustments to the placement of chapter and verse divisions.) In your translation, present the material in the way that you feel will be most helpful to your readers. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure.)\n +1:intro n84r 1 # Haggai 1 General Notes\n\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n\nThis chapter contains the first oracle that Haggai delivered from Yahweh to the Judeans who had returned from exile.\n\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in verses 4, 6, and 8–11.\n 1:1 mbyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֤ת שְׁתַּ֨יִם֙ לְ⁠דָרְיָ֣וֶשׁ הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 The **second year of Darius the king** implicitly means the second year of the reign of Darius as king. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers, here and in 1:15 and 2:10. Alternate translation: “In the second year of the reign of King Darius” 1:1 qt5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֤ת שְׁתַּ֨יִם֙ & בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֔י & בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, in your translation you could use cardinal numbers or equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “In year two of ... on day one of month six” 1:1 y3ei rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֔י בְּ⁠י֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַ⁠חֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 The **sixth** month of the Hebrew calendar includes August and September on Western calendars. See the General Introduction to Haggai for a discussion of how you might express this date in your translation. @@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ front:intro hz6m 1 # Introduction to Haggai\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio 1:5 axkh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Since Yahweh is speaking to many people, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **heart**. Alternate translation: “your hearts” 1:5 jnk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Yahweh is speaking of how the returned exiles have been living as if that were a series of **ways** or paths that they were walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “how you have been living” 1:6 zecd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠אֵין־לְ⁠שָׂבְעָה֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **satiety**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “but not enough to satisfy your hunger” -1:6 rma3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵין־לְ⁠שָׁכְרָ֔ה 1 In this culture, as in many cultures today, the water was not safe to drink, so people drank wine made from grapes. This wine contained a low level of alcohol. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people do not have enough to drink to satisfy their thirst. If they did, they would also experience a slight stimulating sensation. Yahweh is not suggesting that drunkenness is a good thing. It may be helpful to clarify the intended meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “but you cannot drink enough to satisfy your thirst” +1:6 rma3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵין־לְ⁠שָׁכְרָ֔ה 1 In this culture, as in many cultures today, the water was not safe to drink, so people drank wine made from grapes. This wine contained a low level of alcohol. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people do not have enough to drink to satisfy their thirst. If they did, they would also experience a slight stimulating sensation. Yahweh is not suggesting that drunkenness is a good thing. It may be helpful to clarify the intended meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “but you cannot drink enough to satisfy your thirst” 1:6 ep2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person לָב֖וֹשׁ וְ⁠אֵין־לְ⁠חֹ֣ם ל֑⁠וֹ 1 Since to this point Yahweh has been speaking to the Judeans in the second person, it may be natural in your language to translate this sentence in the second person as well. Alternate translation: “You wear clothes, but you are not able to warm yourselves” 1:6 wiii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠הַ֨⁠מִּשְׂתַּכֵּ֔ר מִשְׂתַּכֵּ֖ר אֶל־צְר֥וֹר נָקֽוּב 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And the wage earner earns wages, only to put them into a punctured bag” -1:6 aw8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הַ֨⁠מִּשְׂתַּכֵּ֔ר מִשְׂתַּכֵּ֖ר אֶל־צְר֥וֹר נָקֽוּב 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the returned exiles were literally putting their **wages** in a **punctured bag**. The image suggests that when they have expenses, they do not have money available to meet them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the money you earn seems to disappear quickly” +1:6 aw8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הַ֨⁠מִּשְׂתַּכֵּ֔ר מִשְׂתַּכֵּ֖ר אֶל־צְר֥וֹר נָקֽוּב 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the returned exiles were literally putting their **wages** in a **punctured bag**. The image suggests that when they have expenses, they do not have money available to meet them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the money you earn seems to disappear quickly” 1:6 frez rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive צְר֥וֹר נָקֽוּב 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a bag that someone has punctured” or “a bag that has a hole in it” 1:7 rzcl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם עַל־דַּרְכֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of Armies is telling you to set your heart upon your ways” 1:7 u8ra rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם עַל־דַּרְכֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 See how you translated this in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “Focus your thoughts on how you have been living” or “Consider carefully how you have been living” @@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ front:intro hz6m 1 # Introduction to Haggai\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio 1:9 vl6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַתֶּ֥ם רָצִ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ לְ⁠בֵיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the Judeans were literally **running** back to their homes whenever they had the opportunity to return to them. He means that they are eager to improve their own homes, even though they do not care about the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “while you are eager to improve your own homes” 1:10 suc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification כָּלְא֥וּ שָמַ֖יִם מִ⁠טָּ֑ל וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ כָּלְאָ֥ה יְבוּלָֽ⁠הּ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the **heavens** and the **earth** were living things that could actively withhold **dew** and **produce** from the Judeans. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “there is no dew from the heavens above you and there is no produce from the earth” 1:10 zjm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֔ם כָּלְא֥וּ שָמַ֖יִם מִ⁠טָּ֑ל 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **dew** fell from the **heavens**, that is, from the sky. He means implicitly that not only has rain not been falling from the sky, dew has not even been forming on the ground overnight. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “not only has it not been raining, dew has not even been forming,” -1:11 a7ds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litany עַל־הָ⁠אָ֣רֶץ וְ⁠עַל־הֶ⁠הָרִ֗ים וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר וְ⁠עַ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תּוֹצִ֖יא הָ⁠אֲדָמָ֑ה וְ⁠עַל־הָֽ⁠אָדָם֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה וְ⁠עַ֖ל כָּל־יְגִ֥יעַ כַּפָּֽיִם 1 In this verse, Yahweh uses a series of repetitive phrases to show that the effects of the **desolation** he has **called for** are comprehensive. A series of phrases like this is called a litany. If your readers would not be familiar with this form, to help them appreciate it, you could put each of the phrases on a separate line in your translation, for example:\n“And I have called for desolation\nupon the land \nand upon the mountains \nand upon the grain \nand upon the new wine …”\n +1:11 a7ds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litany עַל־הָ⁠אָ֣רֶץ וְ⁠עַל־הֶ⁠הָרִ֗ים וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר וְ⁠עַ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תּוֹצִ֖יא הָ⁠אֲדָמָ֑ה וְ⁠עַל־הָֽ⁠אָדָם֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה וְ⁠עַ֖ל כָּל־יְגִ֥יעַ כַּפָּֽיִם 1 In this verse, Yahweh uses a series of repetitive phrases to show that the effects of the **desolation** he has **called for** are comprehensive. A series of phrases like this is called a litany. If your readers would not be familiar with this form, to help them appreciate it, you could put each of the phrases on a separate line in your translation, for example:\n“And I have called for desolation\nupon the land\nand upon the mountains\nand upon the grain\nand upon the new wine …”\n 1:11 v496 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וָ⁠אֶקְרָ֨א חֹ֜רֶב עַל־הָ⁠אָ֣רֶץ וְ⁠עַל־הֶ⁠הָרִ֗ים וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר וְ⁠עַ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תּוֹצִ֖יא הָ⁠אֲדָמָ֑ה וְ⁠עַל־הָֽ⁠אָדָם֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה וְ⁠עַ֖ל כָּל־יְגִ֥יעַ כַּפָּֽיִם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **desolation**, you could express the same idea in another way. The word “desolation” is the noun form of the word whose adjective form “desolate” Yahweh uses in verses 4 and 9. Yahweh is saying that the land of Judah is experiencing desolation because the people have left his temple desolate. So if you would not use the abstract noun “desolation” in your language, an adjective such as “desolate” may be suitable here. Alternate translation: “And I have called for the land and the mountains and the grain and the new wine and the oil and what the ground produces and the man and the beast and all the labor of your hands to become desolate” 1:11 xrhu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וָ⁠אֶקְרָ֨א 1 If you have been translating this chapter so that there are not quotations within a quotation, for consistency you would say here, “And he has called for.” 1:11 v7pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠דָּגָן֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠יִּצְהָ֔ר 1 Here, **grain**, **new wine**, and **oil** represent wheat and barley, grapes, and olives, of which they are the products. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and upon the wheat and barley and upon the grapes and upon the olives” 1:11 qur8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠עַל־הָֽ⁠אָדָם֙ וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֔ה 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **man** or to a specific **beast**. He means people and animals in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “and upon people and upon animals” 1:11 zygf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כַּפָּֽיִם 1 Yahweh is using one part of the Judeans, their **hands**, to mean all of them in the act of working. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everything that you do” 1:12 c4he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֣ע & בְּ⁠קוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠הֶ֔ם וְ⁠עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ חַגַּ֣י הַ⁠נָּבִ֔יא 1 Here the word **listened** implicitly means “obeyed.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then … obeyed the voice of Yahweh their God and the words of Haggai the prophet” -1:12 bl1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֣ע & בְּ⁠קוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠הֶ֔ם וְ⁠עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ חַגַּ֣י הַ⁠נָּבִ֔יא 1 Here the term **voice** represents what Yahweh said by using his voice and the term **words** represents what Haggai said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then … obeyed what Yahweh their God and Haggai the prophet had said” +1:12 bl1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֣ע & בְּ⁠קוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠הֶ֔ם וְ⁠עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ חַגַּ֣י הַ⁠נָּבִ֔יא 1 Here the term **voice** represents what Yahweh said by using his voice and the term **words** represents what Haggai said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then … obeyed what Yahweh their God and Haggai the prophet had said” 1:12 y6v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys בְּ⁠קוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠הֶ֔ם וְ⁠עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ חַגַּ֣י הַ⁠נָּבִ֔יא 1 Here a single idea is expressed through two phrases connected with **and**. The second phrase tells by what means the action of the first phrase was accomplished. If it would be more natural in your language, you could convey this meaning with an equivalent expression that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “what Yahweh their God had said through Haggai the prophet” 1:12 e9sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַ⁠יִּֽירְא֥וּ הָ⁠עָ֖ם מִ⁠פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Here one part of Yahweh, his **face**, represents all of him. Alternate translation: “and the people feared Yahweh” or “and the people respected Yahweh” 1:13 dtj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אֲנִ֥י אִתְּ⁠כֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares that he is with you!” @@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ front:intro hz6m 1 # Introduction to Haggai\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio 2:3 m41e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מִ֤י בָ⁠כֶם֙ הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֣יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה בִּ⁠כְבוֹד֖⁠וֹ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן וּ⁠מָ֨ה אַתֶּ֜ם רֹאִ֤ים אֹת⁠וֹ֙ עַ֔תָּה הֲ⁠ל֥וֹא כָמֹ֛⁠הוּ כְּ⁠אַ֖יִן בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain direct quotations within a quotation, you can translate this verse as an indirect quotation, continuing the sentence that begins in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “who is left among them who saw this house in its former glory. Ask them how they are seeing it now and whether, compared with it, it is not like nothing in their eyes” 2:3 m1jr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִ֤י בָ⁠כֶם֙ הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֣יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה בִּ⁠כְבוֹד֖⁠וֹ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן וּ⁠מָ֨ה אַתֶּ֜ם רֹאִ֤ים אֹת⁠וֹ֙ עַ֔תָּה הֲ⁠ל֥וֹא כָמֹ֛⁠הוּ כְּ⁠אַ֖יִן בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “Some of you saw this temple in its former glory. I know that you are not pleased with the way it looks now. Compared with the way it looked before, it seems like nothing in your eyes.” 2:3 pbu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בָ⁠כֶם֙ הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֣יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one among you who still remembers what this temple looked like” -2:3 a63w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֣יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה בִּ⁠כְבוֹד֖⁠וֹ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “who saw how glorious this temple formerly was” +2:3 a63w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠בַּ֣יִת הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה בִּ⁠כְבוֹד֖⁠וֹ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “who saw how glorious this temple formerly was” 2:3 tsx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כָמֹ֛⁠הוּ 1 The pronoun **that** refers to the former glory of the temple. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Compared with its former glory” 2:3 ym2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הֲ⁠ל֥וֹא כָמֹ֛⁠הוּ כְּ⁠אַ֖יִן בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Yahweh is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents attention, perspective, and judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Compared with that, do you not regard it as nothing” -2:4 iuno rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה חֲזַ֣ק זְרֻבָּבֶ֣ל ׀ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֡ה וַ⁠חֲזַ֣ק יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָק֩ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן הַ⁠גָּד֜וֹל וַ⁠חֲזַ֨ק כָּל־עַ֥ם הָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽ⁠עֲשׂ֑וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י אִתְּ⁠כֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain direct quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotations in this verse as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “But tell Zerubbabel that I, Yahweh, declare that he should now be strong, and that I, Yahweh, declare to Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and to all the people of the land that they should be strong, and that I, Yahweh of Armies, declare that they should work, for I am with them” +2:4 iuno rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה חֲזַ֣ק זְרֻבָּבֶ֣ל ׀ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֡ה וַ⁠חֲזַ֣ק יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָק֩ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֨ן הַ⁠גָּד֜וֹל וַ⁠חֲזַ֨ק כָּל־עַ֥ם הָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽ⁠עֲשׂ֑וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י אִתְּ⁠כֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain direct quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotations in this verse as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “But tell Zerubbabel that I, Yahweh, declare that he should now be strong, and that I, Yahweh, declare to Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and to all the people of the land that they should be strong, and that I, Yahweh of Armies, declare that they should work, for I am with them” 2:4 dtv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּל־עַ֥ם הָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ 1 Yahweh is using this expression to refer to the Judeans who have returned from exile. The phrase means the same thing as the term “remnant” in [1:12](../01/12.md) and [1:14](../01/14.md). However, the phrase “the people of the land” often has a different meaning elsewhere in the Bible. In other passages, it refers to the Canaanites who were living in the region before the Israelites arrived. So it may be helpful to your readers to state the plainly what “the people of the land” means here. Alternate translation: “all you Judeans who have returned from exile” 2:5 xjsq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אֶֽת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֤תִּי אִתְּ⁠כֶם֙ בְּ⁠צֵאתְ⁠כֶ֣ם מִ⁠מִּצְרַ֔יִם וְ⁠רוּחִ֖⁠י עֹמֶ֣דֶת בְּ⁠תוֹכְ⁠כֶ֑ם אַל־תִּירָֽאוּ 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate this verse as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Tell them that this is the word that I covenanted with them when they came out of Egypt, and my Spirit remains in their midst, so they should not fear” 2:5 f0fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אֶֽת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֤תִּי אִתְּ⁠כֶם֙ 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “This is the word that I covenanted with you” @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ front:intro hz6m 1 # Introduction to Haggai\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio 2:9 ezgw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠בַּ֨יִת 1 Here, as in many other instances throughout the book, Yahweh is speaking of his temple as if it were a **house** in which he lived. If you decided to translate the word **house** as “temple,” look back over your translation to make sure that you have done this consistently. Alternate translation: “temple” 2:9 uhag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠בַ⁠מָּק֤וֹם הַ⁠זֶּה֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן שָׁל֔וֹם 1 By **this place**, Yahweh most likely means Judea and especially Jerusalem. The enemies of the Judeans destroyed the previous temple, but Yahweh is promising here that he will now cause the nations to be at **peace** with them so that enemy armies do not destroy the rebuilt temple. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and here in Jerusalem I will give peace” or “and I will not allow your enemies to come here to Jerusalem and destroy this temple again” 2:10 p988 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֙ לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֔י 1 Here some words are omitted that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month” -2:10 if92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֙ לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֔י בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֥ת שְׁתַּ֖יִם לְ⁠דָרְיָ֑וֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “on day 24 of month nine in year two of Darius” +2:10 if92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֙ לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֔י בִּ⁠שְׁנַ֥ת שְׁתַּ֖יִם לְ⁠דָרְיָ֑וֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “on day 24 of month nine in year two of Darius” 2:10 wc9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֙ לַ⁠תְּשִׁיעִ֔י 1 The **twenty-fourth day** of the **ninth month** on the Hebrew calendar is near the middle of December on Western calendars. See how you decided to translate the similar reference to a day and month in [1:1](../01/01.md). 2:10 s26v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הָיָה֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־חַגַּ֥י הַ⁠נָּבִ֖יא לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 See how you translated the similar statement in [1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Haggai the prophet received a message from Yahweh, who told him” 2:11 t7n0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת שְׁאַל־נָ֧א אֶת־הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֛ים תּוֹרָ֖ה לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of Armies says to ask the priests about the law. Ask them” @@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ front:intro hz6m 1 # Introduction to Haggai\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio 2:12 xeqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּשַׂר־קֹ֜דֶשׁ 1 The expression **holy flesh** refers implicitly to meat that has been offered to Yahweh as a sacrifice. Only priests could eat such meat. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “meat that is set apart for the priests to eat because it has been offered to Yahweh as a sacrifice” 2:12 vx79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לֹֽא 1 The priests mean implicitly that while touching **holy flesh** makes a person “holy” (and therefore conveys certain privileges but also makes the person subject to certain restrictions, see [Leviticus 6:27](../06/27.md)), that person does not communicate this holy state to objects that he touches. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “No, a person who becomes holy by touching meat sacrificed to Yahweh does not communicate that holy state to objects that he touches’” 2:13 bg3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טְמֵא־נֶ֛פֶשׁ 1 Haggai implicitly means a **person** who has died, and he is speaking specifically of that dead person’s body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the unclean by contact with a dead body” -2:13 b246 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj טְמֵא־נֶ֛פֶשׁ 1 Haggai is using the adjective **unclean** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a person who has become unclean by touching a dead body” -2:13 nky1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טְמֵא־נֶ֛פֶשׁ 1 Haggai and the priests share the knowledge that if an Israelite touches a dead body, something that is ritually unclean, then that Israelite becomes ritually unclean himself for a certain period of time (see [Numbers 19:13](../Num/19/13.md)). Such a person is not allowed to take part in public worship. It may be helpful to state this explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “someone who has become ritually impure by contact with a dead body” or “someone who is unable to join in public worship because he has touched a dead body” +2:13 b246 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj טְמֵא־נֶ֛פֶשׁ 1 Haggai is using the adjective **unclean** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a person who has become unclean by touching a dead body” +2:13 nky1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טְמֵא־נֶ֛פֶשׁ 1 Haggai and the priests share the knowledge that if an Israelite touches a dead body, something that is ritually unclean, then that Israelite becomes ritually unclean himself for a certain period of time (see [Numbers 19:13](../num/19/13.md)). Such a person is not allowed to take part in public worship. It may be helpful to state this explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “someone who has become ritually impure by contact with a dead body” or “someone who is unable to join in public worship because he has touched a dead body” 2:13 o2ew rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠כָל־אֵ֖לֶּה הֲ⁠יִטְמָ֑א 1 The pronoun **these** refers to the foods that Haggai described in the previous verse, and the pronoun **it** refers to one of those foods that an unclean person might touch. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “any of these foods, will the food that he touched become unclean” or “any of these foods, would that make the food that he touched unclean” 2:13 pco4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִטְמָֽא 1 This is the counterpart to the priests’ answer in the previous verse. It may be helpful to indicate the implications of this answer explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “While a holy person does not communicate a holy state to objects that he touches, an unclean person does communicate an unclean state to objects that he touches, so any food that an unclean person touches does become unclean” 2:14 a80m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כֵּ֣ן הָֽ⁠עָם־הַ֠⁠זֶּה וְ⁠כֵן־הַ⁠גּ֨וֹי הַ⁠זֶּ֤ה לְ⁠פָנַ⁠י֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְ⁠כֵ֖ן כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵי⁠הֶ֑ם וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֛יבוּ שָׁ֖ם טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotation in this verse as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of Armies declares that this people and this nation are thus to his face, and that every work of their hands is thus, and that what they offer there is unclean” @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ front:intro hz6m 1 # Introduction to Haggai\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio 2:19 mx58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠ע֤וֹד הַ⁠זֶּ֨רַע֙ בַּ⁠מְּגוּרָ֔ה 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “The seed is not yet in the storehouse!” or “There is no seed in the storehouse!” 2:19 xjtd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מִן־הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה אֲבָרֵֽךְ׃ס 1 If you have decided to translate this oracle so that it does not contain quotations within a quotation, you can translate the second-level quotation in this verse as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “From this day he will bless you’” 2:19 glfn rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast מִן־הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה 1 Yahweh is drawing a strong contrast. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation by using a word that introduces a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “Nevertheless, from this day” -2:20 l5py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יְהִ֨י דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה ׀ שֵׁנִית֙ אֶל־חַגַּ֔י 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [2:10](../02/10.md). Alternate translation: “And Haggai received another message from Yahweh” +2:20 l5py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יְהִ֨י דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה ׀ שֵׁנִית֙ אֶל־חַגַּ֔י 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [2:10](../02/10.md). Alternate translation: “And Haggai received another message from Yahweh” 2:20 fy5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal שֵׁנִית֙ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “again” 2:20 icl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 Here some of the words are omitted that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “on the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month” 2:20 a3ho rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “on day 24 of month nine” or “on day 24 of the same month”