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justplainjane47-tc-create-1 (#1729)
Merge branch 'justplainjane47-tc-create-1' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Created 'en_tn_02-EXO.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Co-authored-by: Benjamin Wright <benjamin.wright@unfoldingword.org> Co-authored-by: justplainjane47 <justplainjane47@noreply.door43.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1729 Co-Authored-By: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org> Co-Committed-By: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org>
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ EXO 1 11 dy34 figs-possession עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ 1 The
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EXO 1 12 c1fy grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְכַאֲשֶׁר֙ יְעַנּ֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כֵּ֥ן יִרְבֶּ֖ה וְכֵ֣ן יִפְרֹ֑ץ 1 This sentence expresses a result that is opposite of what the king expected. If your language has a way to express something happening that was opposite of what was expected, use that structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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EXO 1 12 pdfk figs-abstractnouns וַיָּקֻ֕צוּ 1 “And they were afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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EXO 1 12 qgzz figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Here, **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means that the Egyptians were afraid of the Israelites’ existence in the country. Alternate translation: “whenever they saw an Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 1 13 j1q6 figs-abstractnouns וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָֽרֶךְ 1 made…work rigorously Here, **rigor** is a noun used to modify the verb **enslaved**. It could refer either to how hard the work was, or how unkindly the Egyptians treated the Israelites. Alternate translation: “And the Egyptians made the sons of Israel work very hard” or “And the Egyptians harshly made the sons of Israel work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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EXO 1 13 j1q6 figs-abstractnouns וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָֽרֶךְ 1 made…work rigorously Here, **rigor** is a noun used to modify the verb **enslaved**. **Rigor** could refer either to how hard the work was or how unkindly the Egyptians treated the Israelites. Alternate translation: “And the Egyptians made the sons of Israel work very hard” or “And the Egyptians harshly made the sons of Israel work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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EXO 1 14 mx6v figs-metaphor וַיְמָרְר֨וּ 1 made their lives bitter The difficult lives of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were bitter food that was difficult to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 1 14 jre2 figs-abstractnouns בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה 1 **Slavery** is an abstract noun modified by **hard**. Alternative translation: “by making them work hard as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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EXO 1 14 cuq7 translate-unknown בְּחֹ֨מֶר֙ 1 mortar This was a wet glue or mud put between bricks or stones that held them together when it dried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])<br><br><br>
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@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ EXO 1 18 y9g5 לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֔ת 1 midwives These were women
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EXO 1 18 00l4 figs-quotemarks מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים 1 This is a direct quote of the king’s question. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 1 18 y73k figs-quotations וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ן מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים 1 This could be translated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “and he asked them why they were letting the sons live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 1 18 q1sy מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים 1 Why have you done this, and let the baby boys live? Alternate translation: “Why have you not killed the baby boys?”
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EXO 1 18 8onv figs-youdual עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן 1 This **you** is plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 1 18 8onv figs-youdual עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן 1 This **you** is plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 1 19 7t6z figs-quotemarks כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ 1 This is a direct quote of the midwives’ response. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 1 19 9gqe grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ 1 The midwives give a reason, **the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women**, and then they expand on that reason, **for they are lively** (or energetic), with the result that **before the midwife comes to them, they have given birth.** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 1 19 0ppa figs-synecdoche וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ 1 It may not make sense in your language to say that multiple people said something, so you may need to translate it in the singular (see UST). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ EXO 1 22 ld1j figs-explicit כָּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹ
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EXO 1 22 a6b2 figs-quotations וַיְצַ֣ו פַּרְעֹ֔ה לְכָל־עַמּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר כָּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹד הַיְאֹ֨רָה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ וְכָל־הַבַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּן 1 From **You shall** to the end of the verse is a direct quote of Pharaoh’s speech. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. However, it could be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And Pharaoh commanded all of his people to throw every baby boy into the river, but to let the every girl live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 1 22 stag figs-youdual תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ…תְּחַיּֽוּן 1 The uses of the word **you** here refer to all the Egyptians. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 2 intro rwf3 0 # Exodus 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br><br>### Covenant<br>God begins to relate to the Israelites based on his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.<br><br><br>### Moses’ heritage<br>In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh’s daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Identification of participants<br>- Moses is the only participant named in most of this chapter. This is because many of the participants play very minor roles and because this part of the story is focusing on Moses’ life.<br><br>### Ironic situations<br>- While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, God used Pharaoh’s own daughter to save Moses.<br><br><br>- Moses believes he is meant to be the rescuer of his people, but they reject him. Ultimately, Moses was correct, but God had not yet sent him for that mission.
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EXO 2 1 wvj9 writing-newevent וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ 1 Now A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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EXO 2 1 wvj9 writing-newevent וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ 1 Now A new scene begins here; that may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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EXO 2 1 riy7 writing-participants אִ֖ישׁ…בַּת 1 These are new participants. They remain unnamed until [Exodus 6:20](../06/20.md) where they are identified as Amram and Jochebed. For now it is best to leave them unnamed in your language, if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 2 1 40u9 figs-idiom וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי 1 This is an idiom for marrying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 2 2 s49k ט֣וֹב 1 Alternative translations: “pleasing,” “fine,” or “healthy” (UST)
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@ -202,8 +202,8 @@ EXO 3 6 l5sy אָבִ֔יךָ 1 your father Possible meanings are (1) “
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EXO 3 6 lfbb grammar-connect-logic-result וַיַּסְתֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנָ֔יו כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א מֵהַבִּ֖יט אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִֽים 1 Reason: **for he was afraid from staring toward God** Result: **And Moses hid his face** Some languages may need to put the reason before the result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]] and [Exodus 33:20](../33/20.md))
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EXO 3 7 nl33 figs-quotemarks וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה 1 After this phrase a direct quote begins that continues through the end of [verse 10](../03/10.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 3 7 xoz0 figs-idiom רָאֹ֥ה רָאִ֛יתִי 1 The repetition of **see** expresses the intensity, certainty, or clarity of Yahweh’s seeing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 3 7 tpk0 figs-possession אֶת־עֳנִ֥י עַמִּ֖י 1 There are two possessives here. 1) “affliction of … people”: This is an event-related possessive where the people are the objects of affliction. They are treated badly as slaves. 2) “my people”: This one is more difficult as it involves both ownership and the possessive of social relationship. God views his people as his possession, and he is also in relationship with them as their God because they are descended from Abraham - though at this time they may not know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 3 7 p3tx figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵ֣י נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו 1 **Faces** refers to the whole person or the presence of the person(s) who were oppressing the Israelites. If this image is used in your language, you may translate it. If a similar image is used, you may consider using it. If neither is the case, you may omit the word “face” and translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 7 tpk0 figs-possession אֶת־עֳנִ֥י עַמִּ֖י 1 There are two possessives here. 1) “affliction of … people”: This is an event-related possessive where the people are the objects of affliction. They are treated badly as slaves. 2) “my people”: This one is more difficult as it involves both ownership and the possessive of social relationship. God views his people as his possession, and he is also in relationship with them as their God because they are descended from Abraham, though at this time they may not know God as theirs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 3 7 p3tx figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵ֣י נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו 1 **Faces** refers to the whole person or the presence of the person(s) who were oppressing the Israelites. If this image is used in your language, you may translate it. If a similar image is used, you may consider using it. If neither is the case, you may omit <br>the word “face” and translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 7 xx7r נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו 1 taskmasters “his oppressors”
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EXO 3 7 ofxt כִּ֥י 1 The conjunction is probably functioning modally here, intensifying the expression of Yahweh’s knowledge. Your translation should express Yahweh’s knowing with certainty or strength.
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EXO 3 7 mfn2 figs-collectivenouns נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו…מַכְאֹבָֽיו 1 These pronouns, **him** and **his**, refer to the Israelites as a group in the singular. They agree with “people” as a collective noun in [3:6](../03/06.md). Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronoun’s gender to the grammatical gender of the word for “people” in their language. If necessary change “him” to “them” or change “his” to “hers” or “its” (depending on grammatical gender of “people”.) Alternate translation: “those who oppress them…their anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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@ -277,8 +277,8 @@ EXO 3 20 dzsp figs-metonymy מִצְרַ֔יִם 1 **Egypt** refers to both the
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EXO 3 20 c9a3 מִצְרַ֔יִם…בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ 1 Here, **him** refers to Egypt as a collective.
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EXO 3 20 6dw3 grammar-connect-time-sequential וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן 1 Here the sequential nature of these happenings is emphasized. Consider using a stronger sequential connective term than usual here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
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EXO 3 20 ay53 writing-participants יְשַׁלַּ֥ח 1 Here, **he** refers to the Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 20 awxs figs-youdual אֶתְכֶֽם 1 Here, **you** refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 21 btwc figs-idiom חֵ֥ן…בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 **In the eyes of the Egyptians** is an idiom for the Egyptian’s feelings. **Favor** means those feelings are positive. Taken together this means that when the Egyptians see the Israelites (Hebrews) leaving Egypt, they will gladly help them (because they want them to leave so badly due to their suffering under God’s judgement). If your language has the same or a similar idiom, you can translate or use it. Otherwise, you can translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 3 20 awxs figs-youdual אֶתְכֶֽם 1 Here, **you** refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 21 btwc figs-idiom חֵ֥ן…בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 **In the eyes of the Egyptians** is an idiom for the Egyptian’s feelings. **Favor** means those feelings are positive. Taken together, this means that when the Egyptians see the Israelites (Hebrews) leaving Egypt, they will gladly help them (because they want them to leave so badly due to the Egyptians suffering under God’s judgement). If your language has the same or a similar idiom, you can translate or use it. Otherwise, you can translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 3 21 82wf figs-possession בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 This is a part-whole possessive. Also, if your language uses a specific form of the possessive for things one cannot lose, it would be appropriate to use that form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 3 21 s45u הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה 1 “you”
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EXO 3 21 uz3c figs-youdual תֵֽלֵכ֔וּן…תֵלְכ֖וּ 1 If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ EXO 4 4 bzmp grammar-connect-time-sequential שְׁלַח֙ יָֽדְךָ֔
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EXO 4 4 m86n וַיְהִ֥י לְמַטֶּ֖ה 1 became a staff “and it turned into a rod” or “and it changed into a staff”
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EXO 4 5 l4tn figs-quotemarks לְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב 1 This continues the direct quotation from the first part of [verse 4](../04/04.md). It may be more natural to reorganize verses four and five to keep the quote together. If you rearrange like this, Moses picking up the snake/staff should come after the full quotation. However, it is better to do something similar to the UST, which restates that Yahweh is speaking and provides some implied directives from Yahweh to make a complete sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 5 m4fk figs-ellipsis לְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב 1 This quote is not a complete sentence; the UST provides a clarification. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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EXO 4 5 9iok writing-participants יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ…אֲבֹתָ֑ם 1 These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders; if you make this participant explicit, elders is the better option. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 5 9iok writing-participants יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ…אֲבֹתָ֑ם 1 These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders; if you make this participant explicit, elders is a better option. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 5 oqi5 writing-participants אֵלֶ֛יךָ 1 This refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 5 jr8m אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב 1 the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of their ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.
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EXO 4 6 0hre figs-quotemarks הָֽבֵא־נָ֤א יָֽדְךָ֙ בְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָ 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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@ -327,30 +327,30 @@ EXO 4 10 wsl4 figs-123person עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ 1 Moses refers to himself
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EXO 4 10 bv64 figs-doublet כְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּכְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן 1 I am slow of speech and slow of tongue These phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize that he is not a good speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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EXO 4 10 zm3y figs-metonymy לָשׁ֖וֹן 1 slow of tongue Here, **tongue** refers to Moses’ ability to speak. Alternate translation: “speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 11 xpgf figs-quotemarks וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו 1 After this phrase, a direct quote begins which continues to the end of the [next verse](…/04/12.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 11 ks2m figs-rquestion מִ֣י שָׂ֣ם פֶּה֮ לָֽאָדָם֒ 1 Who is it who made man’s mouth? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the Creator who makes if possible for people to speak. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am the one who created the human mouth and the ability to speak!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 4 11 ks2m figs-rquestion מִ֣י שָׂ֣ם פֶּה֮ לָֽאָדָם֒ 1 Who is it who made man’s mouth? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the Creator who makes it possible for people to speak. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am the one who created the human mouth and the ability to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 4 11 e1y6 figs-rquestion מִֽי־יָשׂ֣וּם אִלֵּ֔ם א֣וֹ חֵרֵ֔שׁ א֥וֹ פִקֵּ֖חַ א֣וֹ עִוֵּ֑ר 1 Who makes a man mute or deaf or seeing or blind? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who decides if people can speak and hear, and if they can see. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, make people able to speak, or hear, or to see, or to be blind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 4 11 uq7j figs-rquestion הֲלֹ֥א אָנֹכִ֖י יְהוָֽה 1 Is it not I, Yahweh? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he alone makes these decisions. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am the one who does this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 4 12 kkr1 figs-metonymy וְאָנֹכִי֙ אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִם־פִּ֔יךָ 1 I will be with your mouth Here, “mouth” refers to Moses’ ability to speak. Alternate translation: “I will give you the ability to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 12 kkr1 figs-metonymy וְאָנֹכִי֙ אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִם־פִּ֔יךָ 1 I will be with your mouth Here, **mouth** refers to Moses’ ability to speak. Alternate translation: “I will give you the ability to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 12 5dxg figs-quotemarks תְּדַבֵּֽר 1 After this phrase, the direct quote from the previous verse ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 13 zy9m figs-quotemarks בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑י שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֖א בְּיַד־תִּשְׁלָֽח 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 13 brer בִּ֣י 1 This word is used by a speaker to beg a superior to allow him to speak. See what you did in [verse 10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “Please”
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EXO 4 13 s8nl שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֖א בְּיַד־תִּשְׁלָֽח 1 In translating this phrase, it is important to make clear that Moses is asking Yahweh to send someone else. He is not here accepting Yahweh’s commission.
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EXO 4 13 s8nl שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֖א בְּיַד־תִּשְׁלָֽח 1 In translating this phrase, it is important to make clear that Moses is asking Yahweh to send someone else. Here he is not accepting Yahweh’s commission.
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EXO 4 13 8ta6 figs-synecdoche בְּיַד 1 This phrase means “by a person.” The figure is of a person taking Yahweh’s message in his hand to the Israelites and Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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EXO 4 14 uy2v figs-idiom וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֨ף יְהוָ֜ה 1 This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh is angry. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became angry” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
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EXO 4 14 ifax writing-participants וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ 1 “and Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 14 zn40 figs-quotemarks בְּמֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ 1 After this phrase a direct quote begins which continues until the end of [verse 17](../04/17.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 14 okko figs-rquestion הֲלֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֨יךָ֙ הַלֵּוִ֔י 1 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to suggest an alternative to Moses. Alternative translation: “I know you have a brother, Aaron the Levite.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 4 14 e0js figs-kinship אָחִ֨יךָ֙ 1 Aaron was three years older than Moses (see [Exodus 7:7](../07/07.md)), which may be important for translating “brother” in some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]])
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EXO 4 14 y5ed figs-idiom דַבֵּ֥ר יְדַבֵּ֖ר 1 In Hebrew, the word **speak** is repeated. This means he speaks well. English cannot convey this by doubling so the meaning was translated in the ULT in this case. If your language can say something like “speaking speaks” to mean “speaks well,” consider it, otherwise translate the meaning similarly to the ULT or UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 4 14 8q64 הִנֵּה 1 This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. If your language has a term that functions in that way (“Listen!” or “Look!” or “Pay Attention!”), use it here.
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EXO 4 14 ettp figs-go יֹצֵ֣א 1 Yahweh says Aaron is coming from Egypt to Midian to find Moses. He is probably on foot. Depending on the language the required form of go or come may vary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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EXO 4 14 8kn8 grammar-connect-logic-result וְשָׂמַ֥ח 1 Aaron will be glad *because* he sees Moses. Consider a conjunction or other form that expresses result as in the UST or alternative translation: “because he sees you, he will have joy in his heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 4 14 e0js figs-kinship אָחִ֨יךָ֙ 1 His **brother** Aaron was three years older than Moses (see [Exodus 7:7](../07/07.md)), which may be important for translating “brother” in some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]])
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EXO 4 14 y5ed figs-idiom דַבֵּ֥ר יְדַבֵּ֖ר 1 In Hebrew, the word **speak** is repeated. This means he speaks well. English cannot convey this by doubling, so the meaning of the repetition was translated in the ULT in this case. If your language can say something like “speaking speaks” to mean “speaks well,” consider it; otherwise, translate the meaning similarly to the ULT or UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 4 14 8q64 הִנֵּה 1 **Behold** is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. If your language has a term that functions in that way (“Listen!” or “Look!” or “Pay Attention!”), use it here.
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EXO 4 14 ettp figs-go יֹצֵ֣א 1 Yahweh says Aaron is coming from Egypt to Midian to find Moses. He is probably on foot. Depending on the language, the required form of go or come may vary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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EXO 4 14 8kn8 grammar-connect-logic-result וְשָׂמַ֥ח 1 Aaron will be glad because he sees Moses. Consider a conjunction or other form that expresses result as in the UST or alternative translation: “and because he sees you, he will have joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 4 14 ew4h figs-metonymy בְּלִבּֽוֹ 1 he will be glad in his heart Here, **heart** refers to inner thoughts and emotions. If heart is not a body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s thoughts and emotions, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 15 u97f figs-metaphor הַדְּבָרִ֖ים 1 put the words to say into his mouth Words here are spoken of as if they were something that can be physically placed in a person’s mouth. Alternate translation: “give him the message that he is to repeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 4 15 u97f figs-metaphor הַדְּבָרִ֖ים 1 put the words to say into his mouth Words here are spoken of as if they were something that can be physically placed in a person’s mouth. Alternate translation: “the message that he is to repeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 4 15 q9cf figs-metonymy וְאָנֹכִ֗י אֶֽהְיֶ֤ה עִם־פִּ֨יךָ֙ וְעִם־פִּ֔יהוּ 1 I will be with your mouth The word **mouth** here represents Moses’ and Aaron’s choice of words. Alternate translation: “I will be with you as you speak and with him as he speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 15 v57x figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֔ם…תַּעֲשֽׂוּן 1 with his mouth These refer to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual if you have one or if not use a plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 4 16 mnsp figs-simile לְפֶ֔ה 1 This phrase compares Aaron to a mouth because he will be the one actually to vocalize to the Israelites and Pharaoh what Moses tells him. Alternate translation: “He will say what you tell him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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EXO 4 16 gn5v figs-simile תִּֽהְיֶה־לּ֥וֹ לֵֽאלֹהִֽים 1 you will be to him like me, God The word “like” here means Moses would represent the same authority to Aaron as God did to Moses. Alternate translation: “you will speak to Aaron with the same authority with which I spoke to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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EXO 4 15 v57x figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֔ם…תַּעֲשֽׂוּן 1 with his mouth These refer to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual form if you have one or, if not, use a plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 4 16 mnsp figs-simile לְפֶ֔ה 1 This phrase compares Aaron to a mouth because he will be the one to actually vocalize to the Israelites and Pharaoh what Moses tells him to say. Alternate translation: “the one to say what you tell him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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EXO 4 16 gn5v figs-simile תִּֽהְיֶה־לּ֥וֹ לֵֽאלֹהִֽים 1 you will be to him like me, God The word **like** here means Moses would represent the same authority to Aaron as God did to Moses. Alternate translation: “you will speak to Aaron with the same authority with which I speak to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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EXO 4 17 0h45 figs-quotemarks תַּעֲשֶׂה־בּ֖וֹ אֶת־הָאֹתֹֽת 1 After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 18 j2ix writing-participants יֶ֣תֶר 1 Jethro is reintroduced as a participant in the narrative here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 18 cbop figs-go וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ 1 Because the setting has shifted back to Jethro’s home, some languages may need to use “come” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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@ -361,32 +361,32 @@ EXO 4 18 uvqk figs-quotemarks אֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֗א וְאָשׁ֨וּ
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EXO 4 18 67yz figs-metonymy אַחַ֣י 1 “my relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 18 gq2g figs-idiom וְאֶרְאֶ֖ה הַעוֹדָ֣ם 1 Later in the Bible we are told that Moses was in Midian for 40 years. Moses’ request may have been literal or an idiom that meant he wanted to know how they were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 4 18 yay3 figs-explicit לֵ֥ךְ לְשָׁלֽוֹם 1 This is a phrase of assent and blessing. It may be necessary for some languages to explicitly add, “Yes,” to the beginning of Jethro’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 4 18 i807 figs-quotemarks לֵ֥ךְ לְשָׁלֽוֹם 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 18 i807 figs-quotemarks לֵ֥ךְ לְשָׁלֽוֹם 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 19 wwr8 grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ 1 The timing and situation for Yahweh speaking to Moses here is not specified. Some conjecture that it was part of the narrative of the encounter with Yahweh from the previous verses but placed after his request to Jethro for an unknown reason. Another speculation is that Moses delayed returning to Egypt (either by his own choice, Yahweh’s instructions, or someone else delaying him) and Yahweh came and told him again (the UST explicitly offers this optional translation). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
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EXO 4 19 aosm figs-quotemarks לֵ֖ךְ שֻׁ֣ב מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּי־מֵ֨תוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים הַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 19 clfj הַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ 1 This means they were seeking to end his life, that is to kill him. Alternate translation: see UST.
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EXO 4 19 aosm figs-quotemarks לֵ֖ךְ שֻׁ֣ב מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּי־מֵ֨תוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים הַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 19 clfj הַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ 1 This means they were seeking to end his life, that is, to kill him. Alternate translation: see UST.
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EXO 4 20 fua6 writing-participants בָּנָ֗יו 1 Moses’ second son is not introduced until [18:4](../18/.04.md) but had already been born before they left Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 20 zi5m writing-participants וַיָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָה מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 It is clear from [verse 24](../04/24.md) and [25](../04/25.md) that his family went with him, so you may need to translate as “they returned.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 20 47k5 grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָה מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 After the incident on the road in verses [24](../04/24.md)-[26](../04/26.md), Moses’ family is not mentioned again until [18:2](../18/02.md) which says that Moses sent them back, so a translation similar to the UST which only commits to the family starting on the way to Egypt may be better. This option has the further benefit of allowing for the several events that happen before Moses gets to Egypt. The ULT’s **towards** is another way of giving space in the translation for the next several events. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
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EXO 4 20 7e3s figs-possession מַטֵּ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים 1 There are a few possible options for the meaning of this phrase. The central questions are 1) whether or not it is the same staff that Yahweh told him to take in [4:17](../04/17.md), and 2) in what way does God possess this staff. If an explicit interpretation is made in the translation, it would be best to do something like the UST, which references back to Yahweh’s instruction in [4:17](../04/17.md). Optionally, you may further explicate God’s appointing the staff as his instrument to do miraculous works while in Moses’ hand, such as, “the staff God told Moses to take because God planned to work powerfully when Moses stretched the staff out.” Make sure your translation does not lead people to think the staff was a magic wand or shaman’s staff that had its own power or power from Moses, or that the staff gave Moses the ability to command God. In every instance where miracles happened, God told Moses to do something with the staff, Moses obeyed, and then God caused a miracle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 4 20 47k5 grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָה מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 After the incident on the road in verses [24](../04/24.md)-[26](../04/26.md), Moses’ family is not mentioned again until [18:2](../18/02.md) which says that Moses sent them back, so a translation similar to the UST which only commits to the family starting on the way to Egypt may be better. This option has the further benefit of allowing for the several events that happen before Moses gets to Egypt. The ULT’s “towards” is another way of giving space in the translation for the next several events. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
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EXO 4 20 7e3s figs-possession מַטֵּ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים 1 There are a few possible options for the meaning of this phrase. The central questions are 1) whether or not it is the same staff that Yahweh told him to take in [4:17](../04/17.md) and 2) in what way does God possess this staff. If an explicit interpretation is made in the translation it would be best to do something like the UST, which references back to Yahweh’s instruction in [4:17](../04/17.md). Optionally, you may further explicate God’s appointing the staff as his instrument to do miraculous works while in Moses’ hand, such as, “the staff God told Moses to take because God planned to work powerfully when Moses stretched the staff out.” Make sure your translation does not lead people to think the staff was a magic wand or shaman’s staff that had its own power, or power from Moses, or that the staff gave Moses the ability to command God. In every instance where miracles happened, God told Moses to do something with the staff, Moses obeyed, and then God caused a miracle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 4 21 lva8 figs-quotemarks בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֙ 1 This begins a direct quotation that continues to the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It contains up to fourth-level quotations. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 21 oajf רְאֵ֗ה 1 Most translations and interpretations of this verb take it to mean something like, “see that you do”
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EXO 4 21 0gqf figs-metaphor כָּל־הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְיָדֶ֔ךָ 1 Here, the miracles are spoken of as if they were items Moses could carry. This may in part be because the three signs already given to Moses involved the use of his hand. Alternative translation: “all the wonders I have authorized you to perform” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 4 21 kdsb figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה 1 This time while, **before the face of,** still has the standard figurative meaning of *in the presence of,* it is a much more literal use here. Moses is to actually do the miracles in front of Pharaoh, so he can see them. Alternative translation: “so Pharaoh can see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 21 oajf רְאֵ֗ה 1 Most translations and interpretations of the verb **see** take it to mean something like “see that you do.”
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EXO 4 21 0gqf figs-metaphor כָּל־הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְיָדֶ֔ךָ 1 Here the miracles are spoken of as if they were items Moses could carry. In part, this may be because the three signs already given to Moses involved the use of his hand. Alternative translation: “all the wonders I have authorized you to perform” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 4 21 kdsb figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה 1 This time while **before the face of** still has the standard figurative meaning of "in the presence of," it is a much more literal use here. Moses is to actually do the miracles in front of Pharaoh so he can see them. Alternative translation: “so Pharaoh can see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 21 ovma grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַאֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק 1 Referring to himself in the opening of this sentence serves to emphasize a contrast in what might be expected and what will happen. Translate this in a way that clearly contrasts the performance of miracles before Pharaoh (which might be expected to lead to him releasing the Israelites) with what Yahweh says he will do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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EXO 4 21 uvoh figs-metaphor וַאֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ 1 This means God will make him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. Alternate translation: “But as for me, I will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 4 21 uudz grammar-connect-logic-result וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם 1 Make it clear in translation that this is a result of God hardening Pharaoh’s heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 4 21 uvoh figs-metaphor וַאֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ 1 This means that God will make him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart would be made stronger. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. Alternate translation: “But as for me, I will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 4 21 uudz grammar-connect-logic-result וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם 1 Make it clear in your translation that this is a result of God hardening Pharaoh’s heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 4 22 ftde כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה 1 This is the first of hundreds of occurrences throughout the Old Testament of a standard phrase used to introduce direct, authoritative instruction from Yahweh. It would be good for your team to have a standard way to translate this that makes it clear that the words that come next are directly from God. If your language has a standard way of introducing a new message from your rulers that alerts the hearers that these are the words of the rulers, that would be a good phrase to consider.
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EXO 4 22 zb2e figs-quotesinquotes כֹּ֚ה 1 This begins a second-level quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer level, the first level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])<br>
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EXO 4 22 teyy figs-quotesinquotes כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה 1 You may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the levels of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “that Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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EXO 4 22 kud7 figs-quotemarks בְּנִ֥י 1 This is the beginning of a third-level quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening third level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation within a quotation. (If you chose to translate, “Thus says Yahweh,” as an indirect quote, this will be a second- level quotation.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 22 zb2e figs-quotesinquotes כֹּ֚ה 1 **Thus** begins a second-level quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer level, the first level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])<br>
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EXO 4 22 teyy figs-quotesinquotes כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה 1 This begins a second-level quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. However, you may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the levels of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “that Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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EXO 4 22 kud7 figs-quotemarks בְּנִ֥י 1 This is the beginning of a third-level quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening third-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation within a quotation. (If you chose to translate, “Thus says Yahweh,” as an indirect quote, this will be a second- level quotation.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 22 1od0 figs-metaphor בְּנִ֥י בְכֹרִ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ 1 Some languages may need to change the metaphor here into a simile. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 4 22 pt4n figs-collectivenouns יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Israel is my son The word **Israel** here represents all the people of Israel as a group. It is important to keep the singular reference to Israel as son, rather than change it to something like, ‘the Israelites are my children,’ because God is making a particular contrast here between his son and Pharaoh’s son. Some languages may not be able to use **Israel** as a collective noun and may need to choose a translation like, “the nation of Israel” or “the Israelite nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 4 22 pt4n figs-collectivenouns יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Israel is my son The word **Israel** here represents all the people of Israel as a group. It is important to keep the singular reference to Israel as son, rather than change it to something like ‘the Israelites are my children,’ because God is making a particular contrast here between his son and Pharaoh’s son. Some languages may not be able to use “Israel” as a collective noun and may need to choose a translation like “the nation of Israel” or “the Israelite nation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 4 22 8oc8 figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 The Israelite nation is often referred to simply by the name of the patriarch. For alternative translation see: [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/pt4n]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 23 syar figs-quotemarks שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִי֙ וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי 1 This is a fourth-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer levels. (If you chose to translate, “Thus says Yahweh,” as an indirect quote, this will be a third-level quotation.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])<br>
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EXO 4 23 syar figs-quotemarks שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִי֙ וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי 1 This is a fourth-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer levels. (If you chose to translate “Thus says Yahweh” as an indirect quote, this will be a third-level quotation.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])<br>
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EXO 4 23 0pc4 figs-quotations וָאֹמַ֣ר אֵלֶ֗יךָ שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִי֙ וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי וַתְּמָאֵ֖ן 1 The fourth-level quotation here may be a good one to translate as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the levels of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “and I told you to let my son go that he may serve me. But you have refused” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 4 23 k7mh figs-metaphor בְּנִי֙ 1 you have refused to let him go Yahweh continues to metaphorically speak of Israel as **my son.** See what you did at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/1od0]]. Alternative translation: “the Israelite nation which is like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 4 23 u825 figs-pronouns וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי…לְשַׁלְּח֑וֹ 1 The pronouns **he** and **him** agree with **son.** What you use may depend on how you translated son at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/23/k7mh]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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EXO 4 23 u825 figs-pronouns וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי…לְשַׁלְּח֑וֹ 1 The pronouns **he** and **him** agree with “son.” What you use may depend on how you translated son at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/23/k7mh]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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EXO 4 23 2g32 הִנֵּה֙ 1 This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternative translation: “Know this”
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EXO 4 23 re11 בִּנְךָ֖ 1 I will certainly kill your son, your firstborn This refers to the actual son of Pharaoh.
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EXO 4 23 ubcw figs-quotemarks בִּנְךָ֖ בְּכֹרֶֽךָ 1 After this phrase, the three levels of direct quotations end bringing a complete close to all quotations that started in verses [21](../04/21.md) and [22](../04/22.md). If you are using direct quotations, at the end of this verse you should have three closing markers, third level, second level and first level. In English, it looks like **” ’ ”** (without spaces). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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Reference in New Issue