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@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
3:26 zyov rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the command in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of these things because”
3:26 aw88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְ⁠כִסְלֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon uses **confidence** to refer to the source of a person’s **confidence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your source of confidence”
3:26 gtf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְ⁠כִסְלֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **confidence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “who makes you confident”
3:26 z3ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֣ מִ⁠לָּֽכֶד 1 Here, “foot” represents the whole person. See how you translated the similar use of **foot** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
3:26 z3ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠שָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֣ מִ⁠לָּֽכֶד 1 Here, **foot** represents the whole person. See how you translated the similar use of **foot** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
3:26 jc7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֣ מִ⁠לָּֽכֶד 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone experiencing “sudden dread” or “devastation” as if the person were captured in a trap. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will keep you from sudden dread or devastation” or “and he will keep you from harm”
3:27 yl8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ט֥וֹב 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **good**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “something that is good”
3:27 yag5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠בְּעָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the **good** that people deserve as if they were **its owners**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from those to whom it is due”
@ -3006,7 +3006,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
24:10 xwur rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צָרָ֗ה & כֹּחֶֽ⁠כָה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **distress** in [1:27](../01/27.md) and **strength** in [5:10](../05/10.md).
24:10 dbq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy צַ֣ר 1 Here, the writer refers to **your strength** being restricted or limited as if it were in a **narrow** place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is restrained”
24:11 in3v 0 [24:11](../24/11.md)–[12](../24/12.md) is Saying 25 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
24:11 tqxi writing-poetry הַ֭צֵּל לְקֻחִ֣ים לַ⁠מָּ֑וֶת וּ⁠מָטִ֥ים לַ֝⁠הֶ֗רֶג אִם־תַּחְשֽׂוֹךְ 1 The two clauses in this verse say the same thing, but the phrases in the second clause are in reverse order. This is a literary device called a chiasm. Here, the writer does this in order to emphasize the importance of rescuing these people. See the discussion of chiasms in the [book introduction](../front/intro.md).
24:11 tqxi rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry הַ֭צֵּל לְקֻחִ֣ים לַ⁠מָּ֑וֶת וּ⁠מָטִ֥ים לַ֝⁠הֶ֗רֶג אִם־תַּחְשֽׂוֹךְ 1 The two clauses in this verse say the same thing, but the phrases in the second clause are in reverse order. This is a literary device called a chiasm. Here, the writer does this in order to emphasize the importance of rescuing these people. See the discussion of chiasms in the [book introduction](../front/intro.md).
24:11 fxjs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְקֻחִ֣ים לַ⁠מָּ֑וֶת וּ⁠מָטִ֥ים לַ֝⁠הֶ֗רֶג 1 The writer implies that these people are wrongfully **taken to the death** and **stagger to the slaughter**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those who are wrongfully take to the death, and those who wrongfully stagger to the slaughter”
24:11 xc8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְקֻחִ֣ים 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom people take”
24:11 n8k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַ⁠מָּ֑וֶת & לַ֝⁠הֶ֗רֶג 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md) and **slaughter** in [7:22](../07/22.md).
@ -3098,48 +3098,134 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
24:32 ztnm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לָקַ֥חְתִּי מוּסָֽר 1 The writer assumes that his readers will understand that what follows in the next two verses is the **instruction** he refers to here. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I received the following instruction:” or “I learned the following lesson:”
24:33 lcjn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת מְעַ֓ט ׀ חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִ⁠שְׁכָּֽב 1 See how you translated the same clauses in [6:10](../06/10.md).
24:34 d7gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בָֽא־מִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵישֶׁ֑⁠ךָ וּ֝⁠מַחְסֹרֶ֗י⁠ךָ כְּ⁠אִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן 1 See how you translated the almost identical clauses in [6:11](../06/11.md).
25:intro l94s 0 # Proverbs 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n
25:2 x2ec to conceal a matter 0 Alternate translation: “to keep some things secret”
25:2 cj4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis but the glory 0 The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “but it is the glory”
25:2 dg6e search it out 0 Alternate translation: “search that matter out” or “search for those things that God has concealed”
25:3 b947 heavens 0 This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
25:4 jgm1 dross 0 the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal
25:5 vvu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his throne will be established by doing 0 The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
25:7 w69g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It is better for him to say to you, “Come up here,” than 0 Here “up” means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate translation: “It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than”
25:7 qf2z before a nobleman 0 Alternate translation: “in front of a nobleman”
25:8 t9ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame? 0 This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. Alternate translation: “For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame.” or “For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
25:9 lgk7 your case 0 Alternate translation: “your disagreement”
25:9 c77l do not disclose another’s secret 0 Alternate translation: “do not share your neighbor’s secret with other people”
25:10 fr3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive an evil report about you that cannot be silenced 0 Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again”
25:11 e2ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation 0 The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver”
25:11 ptu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive is a word spoken 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks”
25:12 ir54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear 0 The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry”
25:12 i38p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche listening ear 0 The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen”
25:13 tc4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like the cold of snow at harvest time is a faithful messenger 0 Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant.
25:13 sxk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the cold of snow 0 Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider “cool, fresh, clean water.”
25:13 v57a snow 0 white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain
25:13 z9pn brings back the life of his masters 0 This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again.
25:14 hbd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Clouds and wind without rain is the one who boasts … not give 0 Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The one who boasts … not give is like clouds and wind without rain” or “The one who boasts … not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25:15 v2wv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive With patience a ruler can be persuaded 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler” or “Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind”
25:15 eed7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a soft tongue can break a bone 0 The word “tongue” is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word “bone” is a metaphor for strong opposition. Alternate translation: “gentle speech can overcome strong opposition”
25:16 dc7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nVerse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later.
25:18 r378 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile A man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrow 0 A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people.
25:19 p8jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips 0 A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips”
25:20 ef6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit sings songs 0 You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs”
25:20 z9sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a heavy heart 0 The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person”
25:22 eb7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom shovel coals of fire on his head 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done”
25:23 xj7i the north wind 0 In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, “a cold wind.”
25:23 z36v a tongue that tells secrets 0 Some versions read “someone who tells secrets.”
25:23 gn4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche result in angry faces 0 The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces”
25:24 siz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a corner of the roof 0 Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof.
25:24 urg5 a quarreling wife 0 a wife who often argues or complains
25:26 tiq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor tottering before wicked people 0 Tottering is a metaphor for either: (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do”
25:26 fe9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor tottering 0 This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand”
25:26 e13r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom before wicked people 0 This could mean: (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.”
25:27 h7jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor. 0 Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you.
25:27 x6in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes It is not good 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing”
25:28 gl3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls. 0 Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable.
25:28 jh45 breached and without walls 0 Alternate translation: “whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed”
25:intro l94s 0 # Proverbs 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n6. Hezekiah’s proverbs from Solomon (25:1–29:27)\n * Warnings and admonitions (25:1–27:27)\n * Contrastive wise sayings (28:1–29:27)\n\nChapter 25 begins the section of the book containing proverbs written by Solomon that were copied by scribes during the reign of Hezekiah. This section contains two parts, the first part in [25:1](../25/01.md)–[27:27](../27/27.md) mostly contains proverbs that warn or admonish.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 25–27 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 25 also contains one instance of contrasting parallelism ([25:2](../25/02.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Metaphors\n\nSolomon uses many different metaphors in this chapter to warn his readers against acting unwisely. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25:1 vnbb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גַּם־אֵ֭לֶּה מִשְׁלֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה 1 **These** here refers to a new collection of proverbs that continues from this verse to the last verse of chapter 29. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The following proverbs are additional sayings of Solomon”
25:1 ud20 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִשְׁלֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה 1 See how you translated **proverbs of Solomon** in [1:1](../01/01.md).
25:1 xpi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אַנְשֵׁ֤י ׀ חִזְקִיָּ֬ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the men** who served **Hezekiah**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the men who served Hezekiah”
25:1 q9oj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֶ֝עְתִּ֗יקוּ 1 Here, **copied** implies that **the men of Hezekiah** **copied** these **proverbs** from a scroll that was written by **Solomon** or one of his scribes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “copied from a scroll written by Solomon”
25:2 x2ec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כְּבֹ֣ד & וּ⁠כְבֹ֥ד 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “What is glorious about … but what is glorious about”
25:2 a6tw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַסְתֵּ֣ר דָּבָ֑ר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of God making **a matter** mysterious or difficult to understand as if he were hiding it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is to make a matter mysterious”
25:2 cj4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun דָּבָ֑ר & דָּבָֽר 1 The word **matter** represents matters in general, not one particular **matter**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any matter … any matter”
25:2 dg6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חֲקֹ֣ר דָּבָֽר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **kings** explaining **a matter** that is mysterious or difficult to understand as if they **search** for it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is to explain a mysterious matter”
25:3 b947 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis שָׁמַ֣יִם לָ֭⁠רוּם וָ⁠אָ֣רֶץ לָ⁠עֹ֑מֶק 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Heavens are an example of height and earth is an example of depth”\n
25:3 q5dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לָ֭⁠רוּם & לָ⁠עֹ֑מֶק 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **height** and **depth**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “for what is high … for what is deep”
25:3 bws0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ⁠לֵ֥ב מְ֝לָכִ֗ים 1 Here, **and** indicates that Solomon is comparing what follows to what he said in the previous clause. Solomon is saying that **the heart of kings** is like **Heavens** and **earth** because they are difficult to fully understand. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the same way the heart of kings”
25:3 il9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠לֵ֥ב מְ֝לָכִ֗ים 1 The word **heart** represents hearts in general, not one particular **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “and the hearts of kings”
25:3 pnqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֵ֥ב 1 See how you translated the same use of “hearts” in [15:11](../15/11.md).
25:3 ixal rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵ֣ין חֵֽקֶר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of it being difficult to understand **the heart of kings** as if it were something that could not be searched for. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is difficult to comprehend”
25:4 jgm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown סִיגִ֣ים 1 The word **dross** refers to material in metal that people do not want and **the refiner** removes it by melting the metal and taking the **dross** out of the melted metal. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of process, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the unwanted material”
25:4 q3jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֖א & כֶּֽלִי 1 The word translated **and** at the beginning of this clause indicates that the event in the previous clause happens before the event in the second clause can happen. Use a natural form in your language for introducing the next event in a story. Alternate translation: “before a vessel comes out” or “then a vessel can come out”
25:4 hzyc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֖א לַ⁠צֹּרֵ֣ף כֶּֽלִי 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the refiner** making **a vessel** from the **silver** mentioned in the previous clause as if that **vessel comes out** from the **silver**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and a vessel is made by the refiner”
25:4 lovy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לַ⁠צֹּרֵ֣ף 1 Here, **the refiner** refers to someone who removes unwanted material from metal by melting the metal and taking the **dross** out of the melted metal. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of person, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the person who removes unwanted material from metal”
25:5 utzp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile הָג֣וֹ 1 In this verse, Solomon is comparing what follows to what he said in the previous verse. In the same way that “dross” must be removed from silver in order to make a vessel, **a wicked one** must be removed from **before the face of the king** in order for that king’s **throne** to **be established**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Similarly, remove” or “So also remove”
25:5 vy5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֭שָׁע & מֶ֑לֶךְ & כִּסְאֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **a wicked one**, **the king**, and **his** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. See how you translated the same use of **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md) and **the king** and ** his** in [16:13](../16/13.md).
25:5 szro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵי 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [14:19](../14/19.md).
25:5 vvu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠יִכּ֖וֹן בַּ⁠צֶּ֣דֶק כִּסְאֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “by righteousness is a throne established” in [16:12](../16/12.md).
25:6 fq5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אַל־תִּתְהַדַּ֥ר לִ⁠פְנֵי־מֶ֑לֶךְ וּ⁠בִ⁠מְק֥וֹם גְּ֝דֹלִ֗ים אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹֽד 1 The two clauses in this verse say similar things, but the phrases in the second clause are in reverse order. This is a literary device called a chiasm. Here, the writer does this in order to emphasize the importance of not honoring yourself in front of kings. See the discussion of chiasms in the [book introduction](../front/intro.md).\n
25:6 qoi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵי־מֶ֑לֶךְ 1 See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.
25:6 vcv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בִ⁠מְק֥וֹם גְּ֝דֹלִ֗ים אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹֽד 1 This could refer to: (1) considering oneself to be a **great** person who belongs to a group of **great ones**. Alternate translation: “and do not consider yourself to be one of the great ones” or “and do not consider yourself to be a great one” (2) standing among a group of **great ones**. Alternate translation: “and among the great ones do not stand”
25:7 bfqv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ט֥וֹב אֲמָר־לְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “it is better for a person to say to you”
25:7 wz9o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations לְ⁠ךָ֗ עֲֽלֵ֫ה הֵ֥נָּה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “to you that you should come up there”\n
25:7 w69g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲֽלֵ֫ה הֵ֥נָּה 1 **Come up** here means to move to a place near the king, which is a great honor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Come up here, near the king”
25:7 qf2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מֵֽ֭⁠הַשְׁפִּ֣ילְ⁠ךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “than for a person to humiliate you”
25:7 zq25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵֽ֭⁠הַשְׁפִּ֣ילְ⁠ךָ 1 Solomon implies that this humiliation is due to someone telling the person to move farther away from the king in order for more important people to be near him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “than to humiliate you by telling you to distance yourself from the king”
25:7 rb8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י 1 See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.
25:7 v2cr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אֲשֶׁ֖ר רָא֣וּ עֵינֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 This clause could refer to: (1) the **noble** mentioned in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “whom your eyes have observed” (2) what someone sees that causes them to begin the dispute mentioned in the next verse, in which case **whom** would be translated as “what” and this clause would start a new sentence that continues into the next verse. Alternate translation: “What your eyes have witnessed”
25:7 srro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵינֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, **eyes** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **eyes** in [23:26](../23/26.md).
25:8 jabx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לָ⁠רִ֗ב 1 Here, **dispute** refers to arguing a legal case against someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to argue a legal case against your neighbor”
25:8 t9ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־תַּ֭עֲשֶׂה בְּ⁠אַחֲרִיתָ֑⁠הּ בְּ⁠הַכְלִ֖ים אֹתְ⁠ךָ֣ רֵעֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Solomon is using the question form to make the reader consider what would happen if they lose the **dispute**. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “you will not know what to do in its end when your neighbor humiliates you!”
25:8 e8kg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠הַכְלִ֖ים אֹתְ⁠ךָ֣ רֵעֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Solomon implies that **your neighbor humiliates you** because **you** lose the legal dispute. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when you lose and your neighbor humiliates you”
25:9 lgk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry רִֽ֭יבְ⁠ךָ רִ֣יב 1 Here, **Dispute your dispute** is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis.
25:9 tnmn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative רִֽ֭יבְ⁠ךָ רִ֣יב 1 This is an imperative, but it communicates a hypothetical situation. Use a form in your language that communicates this, as in the UST.
25:9 c77l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠ס֖וֹד אַחֵ֣ר אַל־תְּגָֽל 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “uncovering a secret” in [11:13](../11/13.md).
25:9 sr7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠ס֖וֹד אַחֵ֣ר אַל־תְּגָֽל 1 Here, **another** could refers to: (1) someone other than **your neighbor**, which would indicate telling someone else’s **secret** in order to win the **dispute** against one’s **neighbor**. Alternate translation: “and the secret of another person” (2) **your neighbor**. Alternate translation: “and the secret of that neighbor”
25:10 mehv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result פֶּֽן 1 Here, **lest** indicates that what follows is the result of doing what Solomon prohibited in the previous verse. See how you translated the same use of **lest** in [24:18](../24/18.md).\n
25:10 uzas rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שֹׁמֵ֑עַ 1 Here, **one who hears** represents a type of person in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “anyone hears”
25:10 fr3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝⁠דִבָּתְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **rumor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and what is rumored about you”
25:10 eedg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לֹ֣א תָשֽׁוּב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **the rumor** being told to many people to the degree that it ruins the person’s reputation as if **the rumor** were a person who **does not turn back** to the person it is about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “does not stop spreading” or “will ruin your reputation”
25:10 b2xt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֣א תָשֽׁוּב 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will keep going” or “will continue to spread”
25:11 qlbj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure תַּפּוּחֵ֣י זָ֭הָב בְּ⁠מַשְׂכִּיּ֥וֹת כָּ֑סֶף דָּ֝בָ֗ר דָּבֻ֥ר עַל־אָפְנָֽי⁠ו 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “A word spoken according to its circumstance is apples of gold in sculptures of silver”
25:11 e2ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תַּפּוּחֵ֣י זָ֭הָב בְּ⁠מַשְׂכִּיּ֥וֹת כָּ֑סֶף 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **a word spoken according to its circumstance** pleasing those who hear it as if it were **Apples of gold in sculptures of silver**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Very pleasing” or “Like apples of gold in sculptures of silver”
25:11 rks1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תַּפּוּחֵ֣י זָ֭הָב בְּ⁠מַשְׂכִּיּ֥וֹת כָּ֑סֶף 1 Here, Solomon is using possessive forms to describe **Apples** made from **gold** and **sculptures** made from **silver**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use different expressions. Alternate translation: “Apples made of gold in sculptures made of silver”
25:11 shm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠מַשְׂכִּיּ֥וֹת כָּ֑סֶף 1 Here, the word translated as **sculptures** refers to **silver** that someone carved into a beautiful shape. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in beautiful carvings of silver”
25:11 kket rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דָּ֝בָ֗ר 1 Here, **word** refers to what someone speaks by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is something” or “are words”
25:11 ptu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive דָּבֻ֥ר 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone speaks”
25:11 ajtj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עַל־אָפְנָֽי⁠ו 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **circumstance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “appropriately”
25:12 wq7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure נֶ֣זֶם זָ֭הָב וַ⁠חֲלִי־כָ֑תֶם מוֹכִ֥יחַ חָ֝כָ֗ם עַל־אֹ֥זֶן שֹׁמָֽעַת 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is a ring of gold and jewelry of fine gold”
25:12 lokb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֶ֣זֶם זָ֭הָב וַ⁠חֲלִי־כָ֑תֶם 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **a wise rebuke** being valuable to those who hear it as if it were **A ring of gold and jewelry of fine gold**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Very valuable” or “Like a ring of gold and jewelry of fine gold”\n
25:12 admw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נֶ֣זֶם זָ֭הָב וַ⁠חֲלִי־כָ֑תֶם 1 Here, Solomon is using possessive forms to describe a **ring** made from **gold** and **jewelry** made from **fine gold**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use different expressions. Alternate translation: “A ring made of gold and jewelry made of fine gold”
25:12 ir54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוֹכִ֥יחַ חָ֝כָ֗ם עַל 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **rebuke**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is when one rebukes”
25:12 i38p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אֹ֥זֶן שֹׁמָֽעַת 1 Here, **ear** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **ear** in [18:15](../18/15.md).
25:13 tc4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠צִנַּת־שֶׁ֨לֶג ׀ בְּ⁠י֬וֹם קָצִ֗יר 1 Here, Solomon compares **a faithful envoy** to **the coolness of snow on the day of harvest**, because both are refreshing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly: Alternate translation: “Very refreshing” or “Refreshing like the coolness of snow on the day of harvest”
25:13 sxk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠י֬וֹם קָצִ֗יר 1 Here, **day** refers to a point in time when something happens. It does not refer to a 24-hour length of time. See how you translated the same use of **day** in [21:31](../21/31.md).
25:13 v57a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צִ֣יר נֶ֭אֱמָן לְ⁠שֹׁלְחָ֑י⁠ו וְ⁠נֶ֖פֶשׁ אֲדֹנָ֣י⁠ו יָשִֽׁיב 1 Here, **a faithful envoy**, **his**, and **he** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “is any faithful envoy for that person’s senders and that brings brings back the life of that person’s masters”
25:13 z9pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠נֶ֖פֶשׁ אֲדֹנָ֣י⁠ו יָשִֽׁיב 1 The phrase **brings back the life** is an idiom that refers to causing a tired person to feel refreshed or strong again. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he causes his masters to feel refreshed”
25:14 lfrq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure נְשִׂיאִ֣ים וְ֭⁠רוּחַ וְ⁠גֶ֣שֶׁם אָ֑יִן אִ֥ישׁ מִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ל בְּ⁠מַתַּת־שָֽׁקֶר 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “The man who boasts in a gift of falsehood is clouds and wind but without rain”
25:14 hbd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְשִׂיאִ֣ים וְ֭⁠רוּחַ וְ⁠גֶ֣שֶׁם אָ֑יִן 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **the man who boasts in a gift of falsehood** being disappointing as if he were **Clouds and wind but without rain**. **Clouds and wind** usually indicate that there will also be **rain**, so **Clouds and wind** **without rain** would disappoint farmers who need **rain** for their crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Very disappointing” or “Like clouds and wind but without rain”
25:14 l5hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֥ישׁ 1 The word **man** represents people in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “is any person”
25:14 ohih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠מַתַּת־שָֽׁקֶר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **gift** that is characterized by **falsehood**. This refers to a **gift** the someone promises to give but does not give. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “in a false gift” or “in a gift he falsely promises to give”
25:15 mtpc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠אֹ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם 1 The phrase **length of nostrils** refers to being patient and not getting angry quickly. The word **nostrils** means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his nose, causing his **nostrils** to open wide. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. See how you translated the similar phrase “long of nostrils” in [14:29](../14/29.md). Alternate translation: “By not venting one’s spleen” or “By not getting angry quickly”\n
25:15 v2wv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְפֻתֶּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone may persuade a commander”
25:15 yyxq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun קָצִ֑ין וְ⁠לָשׁ֥וֹן רַ֝כָּ֗ה 1 Here, **a commander** and **a soft tongue** refer to these in general, not to a specific **commander** or **tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any commander … and any soft tongue”\n
25:15 eed7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠לָשׁ֥וֹן רַ֝כָּ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon is speaking of something spoken in a gentle manner as if someone were speaking with a **soft tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and speaking gently”
25:15 e1n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּשְׁבָּר־גָּֽרֶם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of overcoming strong opposition as if someone were breaking **bone**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “can overcome opposition”
25:16 r2l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דְּבַ֣שׁ מָ֭צָאתָ 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone unexpectedly discovering wild honey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “If you happen to come across honey”
25:16 dc7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֱכֹ֣ל דַּיֶּ֑⁠ךָּ 1 Here, Solomon implies that someone should only **eat enough** **honey** and not more than that. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “only eat enough for you”
25:16 co0u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּ֝שְׂבָּעֶ֗⁠נּוּ 1 Here, the word translated as **satiated** refers to someone overeating to the degree that he becomes sick. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you eat yourself sick with it”
25:17 u98w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile הֹקַ֣ר 1 In this verse, Solomon is comparing what follows to what he said in the previous verse. In the same way that a person must not eat too much “honey,” a person must also avoid visiting his neighbor’s house too frequently. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Similarly, make rare” or “So also make rare”
25:17 sftk הֹקַ֣ר רַ֭גְלְ⁠ךָ מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Alternate translation: “Prevent your foot from frequently being in the house of your neighbor”
25:17 kldv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche רֵעֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **foot** represents the whole person. See how you translated the similar use of **foot** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
25:17 cmjk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑⁠ךָ פֶּן־יִ֝שְׂבָּעֲ⁠ךָ֗ 1 Here, **your neighbor** and **he** refer to neighbors in general, not a specific **neighbor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “from any house of any of your neighbors, lest that neighbor become satiated with you”
25:17 xcir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִ֝שְׂבָּעֲ⁠ךָ֗ 1 Here, the word translated as **satiated** refers to people being annoyed with a person because that person visits them too frequently. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. If your language has a word that can be used for both this occurrence of **satiated** and the occurrence in the previous verse, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “he become tired of seeing you” or “he become sick of you”
25:18 f678 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure מֵפִ֣יץ וְ֭⁠חֶרֶב וְ⁠חֵ֣ץ שָׁנ֑וּן אִ֥ישׁ עֹנֶ֥ה בְ֝⁠רֵעֵ֗⁠הוּ עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “A man who answers a testimony of falsehood against his neighbor is a hammer and a sword and a sharp arrow”
25:18 r378 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵפִ֣יץ וְ֭⁠חֶרֶב וְ⁠חֵ֣ץ שָׁנ֑וּן 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **a man who answers a testimony of falsehood against his neighbor** being deadly as if he were **A hammer and a sword and a sharp arrow**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Very deadly” or “Like a hammer and a sword and a sharp arrow”\n
25:18 h3o6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֥ישׁ עֹנֶ֥ה בְ֝⁠רֵעֵ֗⁠הוּ 1 Although the terms **man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “is a person who answers … against that person’s neighbor”\n
25:18 t8qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֹנֶ֥ה בְ֝⁠רֵעֵ֗⁠הוּ עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר 1 In the original language, the words translated as **answers** and **against** mean “testifies against.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who testifies against his neighbor with a testimony of falsehood”
25:18 dqz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **testimony** that is characterized by **falsehood**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a false testimony”\n
25:19 mmoo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure שֵׁ֣ן רֹ֭עָה וְ⁠רֶ֣גֶל מוּעָ֑דֶת מִבְטָ֥ח בּ֝וֹגֵ֗ד בְּ⁠י֣וֹם צָרָֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “Confidence in one who acts treacherously in the day of distress is a broken tooth and a shaky foot”\n
25:19 p8jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֵׁ֣ן רֹ֭עָה וְ⁠רֶ֣גֶל מוּעָ֑דֶת 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of the uselessness of having **confidence** in a treacherous person as if that **confidence** were **A broken tooth and a shaky foot**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Very useless” or “Like a broken tooth and a shaky foot”
25:19 i3b1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִבְטָ֥ח 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **confidence** in [3:26](../03/26.md).
25:19 sfa4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בּ֝וֹגֵ֗ד 1 See how you translated **one who acts treacherously** in [21:18](../21/18.md).
25:19 ua5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠י֣וֹם צָרָֽה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [24:10](../24/10.md).
25:20 e5uw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure מַ֥עֲדֶה בֶּ֨גֶד ׀ בְּ⁠י֣וֹם קָ֭רָה חֹ֣מֶץ עַל־נָ֑תֶר וְ⁠שָׁ֥ר בַּ֝⁠שִּׁרִ֗ים עַ֣ל לֶב־רָֽע 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “One who sings with songs to a heart of misery is like one who removes a garment on a cold day, vinegar on natron”
25:20 ewth rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מַ֥עֲדֶה בֶּ֨גֶד & וְ⁠שָׁ֥ר & לֶב־רָֽע 1 **One who removes a garment**, **one who sings**, and **a heart of misery** refer to types of people and hearts in general, not specific people or a specific **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who removes a garment … so is any person who sings … any heart of misery”
25:20 pbjn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַ֥עֲדֶה בֶּ֨גֶד 1 Here, Solomon implies that **a garment** is removed from someone’s body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “One who removes a garment from someone’s body”
25:20 dj11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חֹ֣מֶץ עַל־נָ֑תֶר 1 The words **vinegar** and **natron** refer to things that react violently when they are mixed together. Therefore, this clause refers to two things that should not be put together. If your readers would not be familiar with these two materials, you could use the names of similar things in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “chemicals that don’t mix well with each other”
25:20 y3wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ⁠שָׁ֥ר בַּ֝⁠שִּׁרִ֗ים עַ֣ל לֶב־רָֽע 1 Solomon is saying that **one who sings with songs to a heart of misery** is like **One who removes a garment on a cold day** and **vinegar on natron** because all of these are inappropriate or unhelpful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “so also is one who sings with songs to a heart of misery inappropriate”
25:20 o30g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְ⁠שָׁ֥ר בַּ֝⁠שִּׁרִ֗ים 1 Here, **sings with songs** is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis.
25:20 k9zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לֶב־רָֽע 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **heart** that is characterized by **misery**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a miserable heart”
25:20 z9sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֶב 1 Here, **heart** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [14:10](../14/10.md).\n
25:21 zgm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שֹׂ֭נַאֲ⁠ךָ הַאֲכִלֵ֣⁠הוּ & הַשְׁקֵ֥⁠הוּ מָֽיִם 1 Here, **one who hates you** and **him** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “any person who hates you … cause that person to eat … cause that person to drink water”
25:21 hsyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לָ֑חֶם 1 Here, **bread** is used to refer to food in general. See how you translated the same use of **bread** in [9:5](../09/05.md).
25:22 eb7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom גֶֽחָלִ֗ים אַ֭תָּה חֹתֶ֣ה עַל־רֹאשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **heaping coals on his head** is an idiom that most likely refers to causing that person to feel ashamed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “cause him to feel ashamed for what he has done” or “you make him feel ashamed, as if you were heaping coals on his head”
25:22 b3cr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְשַׁלֶּם־לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of **repay** in [19:17](../19/17.md).
25:23 xj7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ר֣וּחַ צָ֭פוֹן 1 Here, **wind of the north** refers to cold **wind** that came from **the north**. In Israel, this type of **wind** often brought rain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The cold wind that comes from the north”
25:23 uijx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠פָנִ֥ים נִ֝זְעָמִ֗ים לְשׁ֣וֹן סָֽתֶר 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. Here, the first phrase is the result of the second phrase. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and indignant faces are brought forth by a tongue of secrecy” or “and a tongue of secrecy brings forth indignant faces” or “and a tongue of secrecy causes indignant faces”
25:23 gzp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּ⁠פָנִ֥ים נִ֝זְעָמִ֗ים 1 In this verse, Solomon compares **The wind of the north** bringing **rain** to **a tongue of secrecy** bringing **indignant faces**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly: Alternate translation: “and similarly, indignant faces”
25:23 ergr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ⁠פָנִ֥ים נִ֝זְעָמִ֗ים 1 Here, **faces** refers to the people who are **indignant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and indignant people”
25:23 pklq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְשׁ֣וֹן סָֽתֶר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **a tongue** that tells the secrets of others. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a tongue that tells the secrets of others”\n
25:23 z36v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְשׁ֣וֹן סָֽתֶר 1 Here, **tongue** refers to the whole person who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person who tells secrets”
25:24 siz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ט֗וֹב שֶׁ֥בֶת עַל־פִּנַּת־גָּ֑ג מֵ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת מדונים וּ⁠בֵ֥ית חָֽבֶר 1 See how you translated the same sentence in [21:9](../21/09.md).
25:25 urg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure מַ֣יִם קָ֭רִים עַל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ עֲיֵפָ֑ה וּ⁠שְׁמוּעָ֥ה ט֝וֹבָ֗ה מֵ⁠אֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָֽק 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “Good news from a distant land is like cool water over a weary soul”
25:25 qpyf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֣פֶשׁ עֲיֵפָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon implies that this **soul** is **weary** with thirst. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a soul weary from thirst”
25:25 h5dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נֶ֣פֶשׁ 1 See how you translated the same use of **soul** in [2:10](../02/10.md).
25:25 wzcm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּ⁠שְׁמוּעָ֥ה ט֝וֹבָ֗ה מֵ⁠אֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָֽק 1 Solomon is saying that **good news from a distant land** is like ** Cool water over a weary soul** because both of these are refreshing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “so also is good news from a distant land refreshing”\n
25:25 y2mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠שְׁמוּעָ֥ה ט֝וֹבָ֗ה 1 See how you translated **good news** in [15:30](../15/30.md).
25:26 pmra rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure מַעְיָ֣ן נִ֭רְפָּשׂ וּ⁠מָק֣וֹר מָשְׁחָ֑ת צַ֝דִּ֗יק מָ֣ט לִ⁠פְנֵֽי־רָשָֽׁע 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “A righteous one swaying before the face of a wicked one is a spring muddied by trampling and a fountain spoiled”
25:26 ujn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַעְיָ֣ן נִ֭רְפָּשׂ וּ⁠מָק֣וֹר מָשְׁחָ֑ת 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **a righteous one swaying before the face of a wicked one** being bad as if that person were **A spring muddied by trampling and a fountain spoiled**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Very bad” or “Like a spring muddied by trampling and a fountain spoiled”\n
25:26 ijks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַעְיָ֣ן נִ֭רְפָּשׂ וּ⁠מָק֣וֹר מָשְׁחָ֑ת 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A spring someone muddied by trampling and a fountain someone spoiled”
25:26 k2dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֝דִּ֗יק & רָשָֽׁע 1 See how you translated **a righteous one** in [9:9](../09/09.md) and **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md).
25:26 tiq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָ֣ט 1 Here, **swaying** refers to **a righteous one** yielding to the influence of **a wicked one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who yields” or “who gives in”
25:26 e13r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵֽי 1 See how you translated the same use of **before the face of** in [14:19](../14/19.md).
25:27 x6in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹא־ט֑וֹב 1 See how you translated the same use of **not good** in [16:29](../16/29.md).\n
25:27 x2st rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠חֵ֖קֶר כְּבֹדָ֣⁠ם כָּבֽוֹד 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and the searching out of their honor is not honor”
25:27 h7jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ⁠חֵ֖קֶר 1 In this verse, Solomon compares eating **much honey** to**searching out** one’s own **honor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly: Alternate translation: “and similarly, the searching out of”\n
25:27 x2kl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠חֵ֖קֶר כְּבֹדָ֣⁠ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone trying to get other people to **honor** him as if **honor** were an object that a person could search for. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and trying to make other people honor you”\n
25:28 qm3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure עִ֣יר פְּ֭רוּצָה אֵ֣ין חוֹמָ֑ה אִ֝֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֵ֖ין מַעְצָ֣ר לְ⁠רוּחֽ⁠וֹ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “A man who has no restraint for his spirit is a breached city without a wall”
25:28 gl3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עִ֣יר פְּ֭רוּצָה אֵ֣ין חוֹמָ֑ה 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **a man who has no restraint for his spirit** being defenseless or unprotected as if that person were **A breached city without a wall**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Very defenseless” or “Like a breached city without a wall”
25:28 jh45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עִ֣יר פְּ֭רוּצָה אֵ֣ין חוֹמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon implies that there is no **wall** because it was broken down when people **breached** the **city**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “A city whose walls an army has knocked down”
25:28 mzfn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֝֗ישׁ & לְ⁠רוּחֽ⁠וֹ 1 Although the terms **man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “is a person … for that person’s spirit”\n
25:28 jkwi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֵ֖ין מַעְצָ֣ר לְ⁠רוּחֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone who lacks self-control as if that person were not able to restrain **his spirit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who has no self-control”
26:intro juh9 0 # Proverbs 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
26:1 w8yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like snow in summer or rain in harvest 0 Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:2 mf19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive an undeserved curse 0 This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “a curse on a person who does not deserve it”
@ -3250,7 +3336,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
27:26 j2vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the goats will provide the price of the field 0 The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: “selling your goats will provide the price of the field”
27:27 q28m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit nourishment for your servant girls 0 The implied information is that there will also be enough goats’ milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goat’s milk to nourish your servant girls”
27:27 xjw4 nourishment 0 Alternate translation: “food”
28:intro g91u 0 # Proverbs 28 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
28:intro g91u 0 # Proverbs 28 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n6. Hezekiah’s proverbs from Solomon (25:1–29:27)\n * Warnings and admonitions (25:1–27:27)\n * Contrastive wise sayings (28:1–29:27)\n\nChapter 28 begins the second part of this section of the book that contains proverbs written by Solomon that were copied by scribes during the reign of Hezekiah. This part in [28:1](../28/01.md)–[29:27](../29/27.md) mostly contains general proverbs that use contrastive parallelism.
28:2 b4c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Because of the transgression of a land 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses”
28:2 qks4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the transgression of a land 0 This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land”
28:2 ivf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit with a man of understanding and knowledge 0 The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -3479,7 +3565,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
31:31 ef6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy let her works praise her in the gates 0 She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done”
9:3 ugn5 her maids 0
14:2 c17i in his ways despises him The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
25:3 jtp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings”
17:3 fh66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold 0
29:6 k8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him.
18:2 yp8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy what is in his own heart 0

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