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front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Book of Joshua\n\n1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1:1–12:24)\n * Preparation for conquest; spies; crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1)\n * Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29)\n * The covenant affirmed at Shechem (8:30–35)\n * Southern and central campaigns; northern campaigns (9:1–12:24)\n1. Settlement in the Promised Land; division of the land (13:1–22:34)\n1. Joshua’s final days (23:1–24:33)\n\n### What is the Book of Joshua about?\n\nThe Book of Joshua is about the Israelites entering and occupying the Promised Land. Joshua was the leader that replaced Moses. He led the Israelites as they fought the people living in the Promised Land. This book also tells how the Israelites divided the land among the twelve tribes. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has the title “Joshua” because Joshua leads the people of Israel after Moses dies. Translators may create a title such as “The Book About When Joshua Led Israel.” Translators should avoid a title that suggests Joshua as the writer of the book.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Joshua?\n\nThe book does not tell who wrote it. However, some verses in the book indicate that Joshua may have written at least part of it. Since ancient times, Jews have thought that Joshua wrote most of the book.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### How does the Book of Joshua present the cause of historical events?\n\nIn the ancient Near East, people assumed that gods caused world events to happen in a certain way. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. The events in the Book of Joshua occurred because Yahweh promised the Israelites that he would give them the Promised Land. What happened also depended on whether or not the Israelites obeyed Yahweh.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What does the phrase “to this day” mean?\n\nThis phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that “to this day” means “to the present day.” The translator might decide to say “to this day, at the time when this was being written,” or “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10.\n\n### What does the phrase “all Israel” mean?\n\nThis phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean every person in the nation of Israel. At times it means the Israelite army. At other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages, it probably means a large number of the people in the nation of Israel.\n\n### When should Joshua be translated?\n\nThe Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books.
1:intro r7gc 0 # Joshua 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Be strong and Courageous\n\nJoshua is often told, “Be strong and courageous.” This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.
1:intro r7gc 0 # Joshua 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Be strong and Courageous\n\nJoshua is often told, “Be strong and courageous.” This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.\n\n### The settling of the the Promised Land by the people of Israel\n\nJoshua [1:12-15](../01/12.md) records that the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh settled on the east side of the Jordan River but that God required the fighting men from these three tribes to accompany the rest of the Israelites to the west side of the Jordan River and help them fight against the people who lived in the land.
1:1 s8u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מ֥וֹת מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s servant died”
1:1 eka2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נ֔וּן 1 The word **Nun** is the name of Joshua’s father.
1:2 le23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֗ה 1 Here, the phrase **cross over this Jordan** means “go to the opposite bank of the Jordan River.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan River”
@ -8,58 +8,66 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
1:2 o0hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the offspring of Israel” or “to the descendants of Israel”
1:2 ragw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Joshua is one of the **sons of Israel** If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly that Joshua is included in this promise. Alternate translation: “to you and the rest of the sons of Israel” or “to you and all the descendants of Israel”
1:3 t94e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם בּ֖⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is using **the sole of your foot** to represent the people of Israel themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Every place that you will tread upon”
1:3 xjc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם…לָ⁠כֶ֣ם 1 Here, the words **your** and **you** are plural and refer to Joshua and all the other Israelite people.
1:3 xjc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם…לָ⁠כֶ֣ם 1 Here, the words **your** and **you** are plural and refer to Joshua and all the other Israelite people.
1:3 v1l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו 1 Yahweh is using the past tense in order to refer to something that he will do in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “I will give it to you” or “I will certainly give it to you”
1:4 xqnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish וְֽ⁠עַד־הַ⁠נָּהָ֧ר הַ⁠גָּד֣וֹל נְהַר־פְּרָ֗ת 1 The phrase **the great river** gives us further information about **the Euphrates River**. It is not making a distinction between a river that is great and one that is not great. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: “the great Euphrates River”
1:4 nffx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠יָּ֥ם הַ⁠גָּד֖וֹל 1 Here, the phrase **the great sea** refers to the Mediterranean Sea. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly as modeled by the UST.
1:4 nbe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you גְּבוּלְ⁠כֶֽם 1 Here, the word **your** is plural and refers to the tribes of Israel and includes Joshua.
1:4 nbe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular גְּבוּלְ⁠כֶֽם 1 Here, the word **your** is plural and refers to the tribes of Israel and includes Joshua.
1:5 l58e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא…אִישׁ֙ 1 Here, the phrase **No man** means “No people group” or “No nation.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “No nation”
1:5 rk2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב 1 The phrase **stand against** is a Hebrew expression that means “resist” or “withstand”. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or use plain language. Alternate translation: “will be able to resist”
1:5 qg7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 1
1:5 w48w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you לְ⁠פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ…חַיֶּ֑י⁠ךָ…עִמָּ֔⁠ךְ…אַרְפְּ⁠ךָ֖…אֶעֶזְבֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 In this verse every occurrence of the words **you** and **your** are singular and refer to Joshua.
1:5 w48w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לְ⁠פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ…חַיֶּ֑י⁠ךָ…עִמָּ֔⁠ךְ…אַרְפְּ⁠ךָ֖…אֶעֶזְבֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 In this verse every occurrence of the words **you** and **your** are singular and refer to Joshua.
1:5 iq2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet לֹ֥א אַרְפְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠לֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 The words “abandon” and “leave” mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. Alternate translation: “I will certainly stay with you always” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1:6 a5yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲזַ֖ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֑ץ 1 The phrases **Be strong** and **be courageous** mean similar things. The author is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Be very courageous”
1:6 gn34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠אֲבוֹתָ֖⁠ם 1 Here, **fathers** means “ancestors” and refers specifically to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their forefathers” or “to their forefathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob”
1:7 xle4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲזַ֨ק וֶֽ⁠אֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד 1 These are the exact same phrases that occurred in the previous verse except here the word **very** is added for increased emphasis. See how you translated the words “Be strong and be courageous” in the previous verse.
1:7 vwe1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal חֲזַ֨ק וֶֽ⁠אֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד לִ⁠שְׁמֹ֤ר לַ⁠עֲשׂוֹת֙ 1 Here, the first use of the word **to** marks **be strong and be very courageous** as the goal or purpose of the command **be strong and be very courageous**. Yahweh wanted Joshua to **be strong and be very courageous** so that he would obey the law of Moses. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “be strong and be very courageous, in order that you are careful to do” or “be strong and be very courageous, so that you can be careful to do”
1:7-9 k618 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you צִוְּ⁠ךָ֙…תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל…תֵּלֵֽךְ…מִ⁠פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠הָגִ֤יתָ…תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר…תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ…תַּשְׂכִּֽיל…צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙…עִמְּ⁠ךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ 1 Every use of the words **your** and **you** in these three verses are singular and refer to Joshua.
1:7 vwe1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal חֲזַ֨ק וֶֽ⁠אֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד לִ⁠שְׁמֹ֤ר לַ⁠עֲשׂוֹת֙ 1 Here, the first use of the word **to** shows that **do according to all the law that Moses…commanded** is the goal or purpsoe of the command to **be strong and courageous**. Yahweh wanted Joshua to **be strong and be very courageous** so that he would obey the law of Moses. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “be strong and be very courageous, in order that you are careful to do” or “be strong and be very courageous, so that you can be careful to do”
1:7-9 k618 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular צִוְּ⁠ךָ֙…תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל…תֵּלֵֽךְ…מִ⁠פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠הָגִ֤יתָ…תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר…תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ…תַּשְׂכִּֽיל…צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙…עִמְּ⁠ךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ 1 Every use of the words **your** and **you** in these three verses are singular and refer to Joshua.
1:7 fi6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ 1 Here, to **turn aside from** means “stop obeying.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not stop obeying it”
1:7 db9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול 1 The phrase **to the right or to the left** is an idiom that means that Joshua must not stop obeying any part of the law of Moses. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “follow it exactly” or “obey all of the law”
1:7 jy5x תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל 1 Alternate translation: “achieve your goal” or “reach your goal”
1:7 pust rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול לְמַ֣עַן תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ 1 Here, **so that** marks **you may be wise in every place where you go** as the goal or purpose of **Do not turn aside from it to the right or to the left**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
1:8 lcs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ וְ⁠אָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל 1 These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity.
1:9 vt4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you!”
1:9 fnz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative חֲזַ֣ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֔ץ 1 Yahweh is commanding Joshua.
1:10 b59x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָ⁠עָ֖ם 1 This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
1:11 f3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes עִבְר֣וּ׀ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֗ה וְ⁠צַוּ֤וּ אֶת־הָ⁠עָם֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר הָכִ֥ינוּ לָ⁠כֶ֖ם צֵידָ֑ה כִּ֞י בְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים אַתֶּם֙ עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה לָ⁠בוֹא֙ לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶ֔ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָ⁠כֶ֖ם לְ⁠רִשְׁתָּֽ⁠הּ 1 Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess.”
1:11 ck8h בְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים 1 Here Joshua was counting his present day as day one. Alternate translation: “Two days from now” or “On the day after tomorrow”
1:11 wg1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן 1 “cross over” refers to going to the opposite side of the river. Alternate translation: “travel to the other side of the Jordan River”
1:12 uji6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 # General Information:\n\nThe tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River.
1:12 fx7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִי֙ 1 These were the descendants of Reuben.
1:12 z8vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֔י 1 These were the decendants of Gad.
1:14 tf68 טַפְּ⁠כֶם֮ 1 Alternate translation: “your little children”
1:14 fb4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠עֵ֣בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side “beyond the Jordan.” But at this time they were all still on the east side. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River”
1:15 b5yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ & לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮ 1 This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer.
1:15 g4ez וְ⁠שַׁבְתֶּ֞ם לְ⁠אֶ֤רֶץ יְרֻשַּׁתְ⁠כֶם֙ וִֽ⁠ירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם 1 This refers to living out their life on the land in peace.
1:15 rrj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠עֵ֥בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרַ֥ח הַ⁠שָּֽׁמֶשׁ 1 This refers to the east side of the Jordan river.
1:16 c7t9 0 # General Information:\n\nThese Isrelites were specifically the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh that replied to Joshua.
1:18 rel4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛י⁠ךָ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished.
1:18 lbc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יוּמָ֑ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we will put to death”
1:18 zez7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism חֲזַ֥ק וֶ⁠אֱמָֽץ 1 Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader.
1:7 pust rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול לְמַ֣עַן תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ 1 Here, **so that** marks **you may succeed in every place where you go** as the goal or purpose of **Do not turn aside from it to the right or to the left**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
1:8 g4qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־יָמ֡וּשׁ סֵפֶר֩ הַ⁠תּוֹרָ֨ה הַ⁠זֶּ֜ה מִ⁠פִּ֗י⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **shall not depart from your mouth** means that Joshua must read the **book of the law**, both alone and to the people of Israel. Jewish people read out loud, even when reading alone, so the command that the **book of the law…not depart from your mouth** is a command to read the **book of the law**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly that this command refers to reading the **book of the law**. Alternate translation: “You shall not stop reading this book of the law”
1:8 vu2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism יוֹמָ֣ם וָ⁠לַ֔יְלָה 1 Here, **day and night** is referring to all the time by naming major time components. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “round-the-clock” or “all the time”
1:8 m25g rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וְ⁠הָגִ֤יתָ בּ⁠וֹ֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָ⁠לַ֔יְלָה לְמַ֨עַן֙ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר לַ⁠עֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּ⁠כָל־הַ⁠כָּת֖וּב בּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **so that** marks **be careful to do according to all that is written in it** as the goal or purpose of meditating on the **book of the law…day and night**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
1:8 ennq rc://*/ta/man/translate/ grammar-connect-words-phrases תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר לַ⁠עֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּ⁠כָל־הַ⁠כָּת֖וּב בּ֑⁠וֹ כִּי־אָ֛ז תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ וְ⁠אָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל 1 Here, the phrase **For then** introduces the result if Joshua and the Israelites are **careful to do according to all this is written in** the law of Moses. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is introducing the result of carefully obeying the law of Moses.
1:8 lcs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ וְ⁠אָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל 1 The terms **prosperous** and **succeed** mean similar things. The author is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “you will make your ways prosperous” or “you will succeed”
1:9 vt4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 The author is not asking for information, but is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way as modeled by the Alternate translation: “I have commanded you!” or “Surely I have commanded you!”
1:9 fnz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲזַ֣ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֔ץ 1 See how you translated **Be strong and be courageous** in [1:6](../01/06.md).
1:9 f8qm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person יְהוָ֣ה 1 Here Yahweh speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person as modeled by the UST.
1:11 ck8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים 1 Here Joshua was counting the current day as day one. This was the way that Jewish people counted days. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “in two days from now” or “on the day after tomorrow”
1:11 wg1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 Here, **cross over** refers to going to the opposite side of the river. Alternate translation: “will be about to travel to the other side of this Jordan”
1:11 f3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes 1 Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess.”
1:13 dgxd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit זָכוֹר֙ אֶת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר 1 Joshua did not think that the people from these three tribes had forgotten what Moses had instructed them. Rather, he is using the word **Remember** to cause them to pay attention to what he is going to say next. If you would not use the word **Remember** for this purpose you could use an equivalent expression or indicate the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “You know the word that” or “You remember the word that” or “Keep in mind the word that”
1:13 ylv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֔ר 1 Here, **word** represents what Moses had said to Joshua using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the instructions” or “the words”
1:13 jquc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֶתְ⁠כֶ֛ם…אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶם֙…לָ⁠כֶ֔ם…לָ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Every occurrence of the words **your** and **you** in this verse are plural and refer to Joshua and the Israelites.
1:13 l5qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מֵנִ֣יחַ לָ⁠כֶ֔ם 1 The phrase **give rest** is an idiom that refers to living peacefully and settling down in the land after Israel defeated its enemies. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “cause you to live peacefully”
1:14 tf68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טַפְּ⁠כֶם֮ 1 Here, the phrase **little ones** refers to little chlidren. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly as modeled by the UST.
1:14 vefn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠מִקְנֵי⁠כֶם֒ 1 Here, the word translated as **livestock** refers to cows, sheep, and goats. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and your cows and sheep and goats”
1:14 d575 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮ 1 Here, the word **brothers** means “fellow Israelites” and refers to the Israelites from the other tribes of Israel. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to your fellow Israelites”
1:14 rk3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בּוֹרֵ֣י הַ⁠חַ֔יִל 1 The phrase **the mighty men of valor** refers to the men who were fighting age, over 20 years old. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the men of fighting age”
1:15 b5yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ & לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮ 1 The phrase **gives rest** refers to living peacefully and settling down in the land after Israel defeated its enemies. It has the same meaning as the phrase **give rest** in [1:13](../01/13.md). See how you translated that phrase there.
1:15 f85b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮ 1 See how you translated the word **brothers** in the previous verse where it is used with the same meaning.
1:18 zhz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations כָּל־אִ֞ישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh are using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “Every person”
1:18 rel4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism כָּל־אִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛י⁠ךָ לְ⁠כֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־תְּצַוֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יוּמָ֑ת 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. The phrase **rebels against your mouth** and the phrase **will not hear your words** mean basically the same thing. The Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh are the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize that they will **put to death** anyone who rebels against what Joshua commands. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one and show the emphasis in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will surely put to death every man who rebels against what you instruct us to do”
1:18 mxi0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛י⁠ךָ 1 The speakers are using the words **mouth** and **words** and associating them with the instructions or commands that Joshua would speak with his **mouth** using **words**. If your readers would not understand this, you could use equivalent expressions or use plain language. Alternate translation: “rebels against your commands and will not hear your instructions”
1:18 lbc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יוּמָ֑ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context implies indicates that the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh will do it. Alternate translation: “we will put to death”
1:18 m66s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns יוּמָ֑ת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea with an active verb or in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we will kill”
1:18 zez7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲזַ֥ק וֶ⁠אֱמָֽץ 1 See how you translated the phrase **be strong and be courageous** in [1:6](../01/06.md).
2:intro vg4m 0 # Joshua 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Rahab’s faith\n\nRahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement “for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below” is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: “ … melting away because of us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
2:1 ig8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נ֠וּן 1 This is Joshua’s father.
2:1 w886 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ⁠שִּׁטִּ֞ים 1 This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “Acacia Trees.”
2:1 z78b מְרַגְּלִים֙ 1 These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land.
2:4 k613 0 # General Information:\n\nRahab the prostitute protects the two Israelite spies from harm.
2:4 l15y וַ⁠תִּקַּ֧ח הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֛ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַֽ⁠תִּצְפְּנ֑⁠וֹ 1 This happened before the king’s messenger spoke to her.
2:4 am3m הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֛ה 1 This refers to Rahab, the prostitute.
2:5 j3x6 בַּ⁠חֹ֨שֶׁךְ֙ 1 This is the time that day begins to change to the darkness of night.
2:6 l5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְ⁠הִ֖יא הֶעֱלָ֣תַ⁠ם הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה וַֽ⁠תִּטְמְנֵ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ הָ⁠עֲרֻכ֥וֹת לָ֖⁠הּ עַל־הַ⁠גָּֽג 1 This is background information and explains how she had hidden the men in [Joshua 2:4](../02/04.md).
2:6 st56 הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה 1 The roof was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it.
2:6 b99c בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י 1 a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth
2:7 kdj3 וְ⁠הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֗ים רָדְפ֤וּ אַֽחֲרֵי⁠הֶם֙ 1 The men pursued the spies because of what Rahab had told them in [Joshua 2:5](../02/05.md).
2:7 p4sx הַֽ⁠מַּעְבְּר֑וֹת 1 places where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it
2:8 ds5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּ⁠ן 1 This refers to going to sleep for the night.
2:1 ig8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נ֠וּן 1 See how you translated this name in [1:1](../01/01.md).
2:1 w886 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ⁠שִּׁטִּ֞ים 1 This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “acacia trees.”
2:1 z78b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names רָחָ֖ב 1 **Rahab** is the name of a woman.
2:2 y177 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠יֵּ֣אָמַ֔ר לְ⁠מֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיח֖וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context does not indicate who did it but it can be implied that it was a person. Alternate translation: “And someone said to the king of Jericho”
2:2 rlef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations מִ⁠בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, the person speaking to the king is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. The word **sons** here, refers to both men and women who are descendants of Israel. Alternate translation: “from the descendants of Israel”
2:3 apx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names רָחָ֖ב 1 See how you translated the name **Rahab** in the previous verse.
2:3 xz7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הַ⁠בָּאִ֤ים אֵלַ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ לְ⁠בֵיתֵ֔⁠ךְ 1 Your language may say “going” and “went” rather than **coming** and **came** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “the ones going to you who went to your house”
2:5 ty4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠יְהִ֨י הַ⁠שַּׁ֜עַר לִ⁠סְגּ֗וֹר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action you can indicate that “men” did it. Alternate translation: “And men shut the gate”
2:5 o0r3 תַשִּׂיגֽוּ⁠ם 1 The word the ULT translates as **you may overtake them** could refer to something that is: (1) a possibility. Alternate translation: “perhaps you can overtake them” (2) a future event. Alternate translation: “you will overtake them”
2:6 l5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְ⁠הִ֖יא הֶעֱלָ֣תַ⁠ם הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה וַֽ⁠תִּטְמְנֵ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ הָ⁠עֲרֻכ֥וֹת לָ֖⁠הּ עַל־הַ⁠גָּֽג 1 The author is providing this background information to explain how Rahab had hidden the men in [2:4](../02/04.md). Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information.
2:6 st56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה 1 The **roof** was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly that the roof was flat as modeled by the UST.
2:6 b99c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ 1 The word **flax** refers to a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth. It has tall, slender stalks that can tied into bundles. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of plant, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “in the long stalks of a plant”
2:7 p4sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַֽ⁠מַּעְבְּר֑וֹת 1 A **ford** is a place where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it. If you do not have a term to describe this type of place, you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “”
2:8 ds5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go עָלְתָ֥ה 1 Your language may say “came up” rather than **went up** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “came up”
2:9 t8zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people.
2:9 xr6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְ⁠כֶם֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you”
2:9 u74z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ & מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. This could mean: (1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or (2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
2 front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Book of Joshua\n\n1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1:1–12:24)\n * Preparation for conquest; spies; crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1)\n * Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29)\n * The covenant affirmed at Shechem (8:30–35)\n * Southern and central campaigns; northern campaigns (9:1–12:24)\n1. Settlement in the Promised Land; division of the land (13:1–22:34)\n1. Joshua’s final days (23:1–24:33)\n\n### What is the Book of Joshua about?\n\nThe Book of Joshua is about the Israelites entering and occupying the Promised Land. Joshua was the leader that replaced Moses. He led the Israelites as they fought the people living in the Promised Land. This book also tells how the Israelites divided the land among the twelve tribes. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has the title “Joshua” because Joshua leads the people of Israel after Moses dies. Translators may create a title such as “The Book About When Joshua Led Israel.” Translators should avoid a title that suggests Joshua as the writer of the book.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Joshua?\n\nThe book does not tell who wrote it. However, some verses in the book indicate that Joshua may have written at least part of it. Since ancient times, Jews have thought that Joshua wrote most of the book.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### How does the Book of Joshua present the cause of historical events?\n\nIn the ancient Near East, people assumed that gods caused world events to happen in a certain way. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. The events in the Book of Joshua occurred because Yahweh promised the Israelites that he would give them the Promised Land. What happened also depended on whether or not the Israelites obeyed Yahweh.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What does the phrase “to this day” mean?\n\nThis phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that “to this day” means “to the present day.” The translator might decide to say “to this day, at the time when this was being written,” or “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10.\n\n### What does the phrase “all Israel” mean?\n\nThis phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean every person in the nation of Israel. At times it means the Israelite army. At other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages, it probably means a large number of the people in the nation of Israel.\n\n### When should Joshua be translated?\n\nThe Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books.
3 1:intro r7gc 0 # Joshua 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Be strong and Courageous\n\nJoshua is often told, “Be strong and courageous.” This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future. # Joshua 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Be strong and Courageous\n\nJoshua is often told, “Be strong and courageous.” This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.\n\n### The settling of the the Promised Land by the people of Israel\n\nJoshua [1:12-15](../01/12.md) records that the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh settled on the east side of the Jordan River but that God required the fighting men from these three tribes to accompany the rest of the Israelites to the west side of the Jordan River and help them fight against the people who lived in the land.
4 1:1 s8u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מ֥וֹת מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s servant died”
5 1:1 eka2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נ֔וּן 1 The word **Nun** is the name of Joshua’s father.
6 1:2 le23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֗ה 1 Here, the phrase **cross over this Jordan** means “go to the opposite bank of the Jordan River.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan River”
8 1:2 o0hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the offspring of Israel” or “to the descendants of Israel”
9 1:2 ragw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Joshua is one of the **sons of Israel** If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly that Joshua is included in this promise. Alternate translation: “to you and the rest of the sons of Israel” or “to you and all the descendants of Israel”
10 1:3 t94e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם בּ֖⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is using **the sole of your foot** to represent the people of Israel themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Every place that you will tread upon”
11 1:3 xjc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם…לָ⁠כֶ֣ם 1 Here, the words **your** and **you** are plural and refer to Joshua and all the other Israelite people.
12 1:3 v1l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו 1 Yahweh is using the past tense in order to refer to something that he will do in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “I will give it to you” or “I will certainly give it to you”
13 1:4 xqnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish וְֽ⁠עַד־הַ⁠נָּהָ֧ר הַ⁠גָּד֣וֹל נְהַר־פְּרָ֗ת 1 The phrase **the great river** gives us further information about **the Euphrates River**. It is not making a distinction between a river that is great and one that is not great. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: “the great Euphrates River”
14 1:4 nffx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠יָּ֥ם הַ⁠גָּד֖וֹל 1 Here, the phrase **the great sea** refers to the Mediterranean Sea. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly as modeled by the UST.
15 1:4 nbe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular גְּבוּלְ⁠כֶֽם 1 Here, the word **your** is plural and refers to the tribes of Israel and includes Joshua.
16 1:5 l58e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא…אִישׁ֙ 1 Here, the phrase **No man** means “No people group” or “No nation.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “No nation”
17 1:5 rk2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב 1 The phrase **stand against** is a Hebrew expression that means “resist” or “withstand”. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or use plain language. Alternate translation: “will be able to resist”
18 1:5 qg7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 1
19 1:5 w48w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לְ⁠פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ…חַיֶּ֑י⁠ךָ…עִמָּ֔⁠ךְ…אַרְפְּ⁠ךָ֖…אֶעֶזְבֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 In this verse every occurrence of the words **you** and **your** are singular and refer to Joshua.
20 1:5 iq2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet לֹ֥א אַרְפְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠לֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 The words “abandon” and “leave” mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. Alternate translation: “I will certainly stay with you always” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
21 1:6 a5yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲזַ֖ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֑ץ 1 The phrases **Be strong** and **be courageous** mean similar things. The author is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Be very courageous”
22 1:6 gn34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠אֲבוֹתָ֖⁠ם 1 Here, **fathers** means “ancestors” and refers specifically to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to their forefathers” or “to their forefathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob”
23 1:7 xle4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲזַ֨ק וֶֽ⁠אֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד 1 These are the exact same phrases that occurred in the previous verse except here the word **very** is added for increased emphasis. See how you translated the words “Be strong and be courageous” in the previous verse.
24 1:7 vwe1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal חֲזַ֨ק וֶֽ⁠אֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד לִ⁠שְׁמֹ֤ר לַ⁠עֲשׂוֹת֙ 1 Here, the first use of the word **to** marks **be strong and be very courageous** as the goal or purpose of the command **be strong and be very courageous**. Yahweh wanted Joshua to **be strong and be very courageous** so that he would obey the law of Moses. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “be strong and be very courageous, in order that you are careful to do” or “be strong and be very courageous, so that you can be careful to do” Here, the first use of the word **to** shows that **do according to all the law that Moses…commanded** is the goal or purpsoe of the command to **be strong and courageous**. Yahweh wanted Joshua to **be strong and be very courageous** so that he would obey the law of Moses. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “be strong and be very courageous, in order that you are careful to do” or “be strong and be very courageous, so that you can be careful to do”
25 1:7-9 k618 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular צִוְּ⁠ךָ֙…תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל…תֵּלֵֽךְ…מִ⁠פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠הָגִ֤יתָ…תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר…תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ…תַּשְׂכִּֽיל…צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙…עִמְּ⁠ךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ 1 Every use of the words **your** and **you** in these three verses are singular and refer to Joshua.
26 1:7 fi6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ 1 Here, to **turn aside from** means “stop obeying.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not stop obeying it”
27 1:7 db9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול 1 The phrase **to the right or to the left** is an idiom that means that Joshua must not stop obeying any part of the law of Moses. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “follow it exactly” or “obey all of the law”
28 1:7 jy5x pust rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול לְמַ֣עַן תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ 1 Alternate translation: “achieve your goal” or “reach your goal” Here, **so that** marks **you may succeed in every place where you go** as the goal or purpose of **Do not turn aside from it to the right or to the left**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
29 1:7 1:8 pust g4qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול לְמַ֣עַן תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל בְּ⁠כֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ לֹֽא־יָמ֡וּשׁ סֵפֶר֩ הַ⁠תּוֹרָ֨ה הַ⁠זֶּ֜ה מִ⁠פִּ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **so that** marks **you may be wise in every place where you go** as the goal or purpose of **Do not turn aside from it to the right or to the left**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. The phrase **shall not depart from your mouth** means that Joshua must read the **book of the law**, both alone and to the people of Israel. Jewish people read out loud, even when reading alone, so the command that the **book of the law…not depart from your mouth** is a command to read the **book of the law**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly that this command refers to reading the **book of the law**. Alternate translation: “You shall not stop reading this book of the law”
30 1:8 lcs7 vu2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ וְ⁠אָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל יוֹמָ֣ם וָ⁠לַ֔יְלָה 1 These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. Here, **day and night** is referring to all the time by naming major time components. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “round-the-clock” or “all the time”
31 1:9 1:8 vt4l m25g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ וְ⁠הָגִ֤יתָ בּ⁠וֹ֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָ⁠לַ֔יְלָה לְמַ֨עַן֙ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר לַ⁠עֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּ⁠כָל־הַ⁠כָּת֖וּב בּ֑⁠וֹ 1 This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you!” Here, **so that** marks **be careful to do according to all that is written in it** as the goal or purpose of meditating on the **book of the law…day and night**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
32 1:9 1:8 fnz8 ennq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative rc://*/ta/man/translate/ grammar-connect-words-phrases חֲזַ֣ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֔ץ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר לַ⁠עֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּ⁠כָל־הַ⁠כָּת֖וּב בּ֑⁠וֹ כִּי־אָ֛ז תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ וְ⁠אָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל 1 Yahweh is commanding Joshua. Here, the phrase **For then** introduces the result if Joshua and the Israelites are **careful to do according to all this is written in** the law of Moses. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is introducing the result of carefully obeying the law of Moses.
33 1:10 1:8 b59x lcs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הָ⁠עָ֖ם תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ וְ⁠אָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל 1 This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” The terms **prosperous** and **succeed** mean similar things. The author is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “you will make your ways prosperous” or “you will succeed”
34 1:11 1:9 f3rg vt4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion עִבְר֣וּ׀ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֗ה וְ⁠צַוּ֤וּ אֶת־הָ⁠עָם֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר הָכִ֥ינוּ לָ⁠כֶ֖ם צֵידָ֑ה כִּ֞י בְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים אַתֶּם֙ עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה לָ⁠בוֹא֙ לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶ֔ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָ⁠כֶ֖ם לְ⁠רִשְׁתָּֽ⁠הּ הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess.” The author is not asking for information, but is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way as modeled by the Alternate translation: “I have commanded you!” or “Surely I have commanded you!”
35 1:11 1:9 ck8h fnz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים חֲזַ֣ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֔ץ 1 Here Joshua was counting his present day as day one. Alternate translation: “Two days from now” or “On the day after tomorrow” See how you translated **Be strong and be courageous** in [1:6](../01/06.md).
36 1:11 1:9 wg1e f8qm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן יְהוָ֣ה 1 “cross over” refers to going to the opposite side of the river. Alternate translation: “travel to the other side of the Jordan River” Here Yahweh speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person as modeled by the UST.
37 1:12 1:11 uji6 ck8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים 0 1 # General Information:\n\nThe tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River. Here Joshua was counting the current day as day one. This was the way that Jewish people counted days. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “in two days from now” or “on the day after tomorrow”
38 1:12 1:11 fx7h wg1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִי֙ עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 These were the descendants of Reuben. Here, **cross over** refers to going to the opposite side of the river. Alternate translation: “will be about to travel to the other side of this Jordan”
39 1:12 1:11 z8vh f3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֔י 1 These were the decendants of Gad. Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess.”
40 1:14 1:13 tf68 dgxd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טַפְּ⁠כֶם֮ זָכוֹר֙ אֶת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר 1 Alternate translation: “your little children” Joshua did not think that the people from these three tribes had forgotten what Moses had instructed them. Rather, he is using the word **Remember** to cause them to pay attention to what he is going to say next. If you would not use the word **Remember** for this purpose you could use an equivalent expression or indicate the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “You know the word that” or “You remember the word that” or “Keep in mind the word that”
41 1:14 1:13 fb4d ylv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠עֵ֣בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן אֶת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֔ר 1 This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side “beyond the Jordan.” But at this time they were all still on the east side. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River” Here, **word** represents what Moses had said to Joshua using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the instructions” or “the words”
42 1:15 1:13 b5yt jquc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ & לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮ אֶתְ⁠כֶ֛ם…אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶם֙…לָ⁠כֶ֔ם…לָ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer. Every occurrence of the words **your** and **you** in this verse are plural and refer to Joshua and the Israelites.
43 1:15 1:13 g4ez l5qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠שַׁבְתֶּ֞ם לְ⁠אֶ֤רֶץ יְרֻשַּׁתְ⁠כֶם֙ וִֽ⁠ירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם מֵנִ֣יחַ לָ⁠כֶ֔ם 1 This refers to living out their life on the land in peace. The phrase **give rest** is an idiom that refers to living peacefully and settling down in the land after Israel defeated its enemies. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “cause you to live peacefully”
44 1:15 1:14 rrj2 tf68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠עֵ֥בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרַ֥ח הַ⁠שָּֽׁמֶשׁ טַפְּ⁠כֶם֮ 1 This refers to the east side of the Jordan river. Here, the phrase **little ones** refers to little chlidren. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly as modeled by the UST.
45 1:16 1:14 c7t9 vefn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠מִקְנֵי⁠כֶם֒ 0 1 # General Information:\n\nThese Isrelites were specifically the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh that replied to Joshua. Here, the word translated as **livestock** refers to cows, sheep, and goats. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and your cows and sheep and goats”
46 1:18 1:14 rel4 d575 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛י⁠ךָ לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. Here, the word **brothers** means “fellow Israelites” and refers to the Israelites from the other tribes of Israel. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to your fellow Israelites”
47 1:18 1:14 lbc3 rk3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יוּמָ֑ת בּוֹרֵ֣י הַ⁠חַ֔יִל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we will put to death” The phrase **the mighty men of valor** refers to the men who were fighting age, over 20 years old. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the men of fighting age”
48 1:18 1:15 zez7 b5yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom חֲזַ֥ק וֶ⁠אֱמָֽץ אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ & לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮ 1 Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader. The phrase **gives rest** refers to living peacefully and settling down in the land after Israel defeated its enemies. It has the same meaning as the phrase **give rest** in [1:13](../01/13.md). See how you translated that phrase there.
49 1:15 f85b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮ 1 See how you translated the word **brothers** in the previous verse where it is used with the same meaning.
50 1:18 zhz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations כָּל־אִ֞ישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh are using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “Every person”
51 1:18 rel4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism כָּל־אִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛י⁠ךָ לְ⁠כֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־תְּצַוֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יוּמָ֑ת 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. The phrase **rebels against your mouth** and the phrase **will not hear your words** mean basically the same thing. The Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh are the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize that they will **put to death** anyone who rebels against what Joshua commands. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one and show the emphasis in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will surely put to death every man who rebels against what you instruct us to do”
52 1:18 mxi0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛י⁠ךָ 1 The speakers are using the words **mouth** and **words** and associating them with the instructions or commands that Joshua would speak with his **mouth** using **words**. If your readers would not understand this, you could use equivalent expressions or use plain language. Alternate translation: “rebels against your commands and will not hear your instructions”
53 1:18 lbc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יוּמָ֑ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context implies indicates that the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh will do it. Alternate translation: “we will put to death”
54 1:18 m66s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns יוּמָ֑ת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea with an active verb or in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we will kill”
55 1:18 zez7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲזַ֥ק וֶ⁠אֱמָֽץ 1 See how you translated the phrase **be strong and be courageous** in [1:6](../01/06.md).
56 2:intro vg4m 0 # Joshua 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Rahab’s faith\n\nRahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement “for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below” is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: “ … melting away because of us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
57 2:1 ig8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נ֠וּן 1 This is Joshua’s father. See how you translated this name in [1:1](../01/01.md).
58 2:1 w886 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ⁠שִּׁטִּ֞ים 1 This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “Acacia Trees.” This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “acacia trees.”
59 2:1 z78b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מְרַגְּלִים֙ רָחָ֖ב 1 These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land. **Rahab** is the name of a woman.
60 2:4 2:2 k613 y177 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠יֵּ֣אָמַ֔ר לְ⁠מֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיח֖וֹ 0 1 # General Information:\n\nRahab the prostitute protects the two Israelite spies from harm. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context does not indicate who did it but it can be implied that it was a person. Alternate translation: “And someone said to the king of Jericho”
61 2:4 2:2 l15y rlef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וַ⁠תִּקַּ֧ח הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֛ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַֽ⁠תִּצְפְּנ֑⁠וֹ מִ⁠בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 This happened before the king’s messenger spoke to her. Although the term **sons** is masculine, the person speaking to the king is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. The word **sons** here, refers to both men and women who are descendants of Israel. Alternate translation: “from the descendants of Israel”
62 2:4 2:3 am3m apx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֛ה רָחָ֖ב 1 This refers to Rahab, the prostitute. See how you translated the name **Rahab** in the previous verse.
63 2:5 2:3 j3x6 xz7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go בַּ⁠חֹ֨שֶׁךְ֙ הַ⁠בָּאִ֤ים אֵלַ֨יִ⁠ךְ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ לְ⁠בֵיתֵ֔⁠ךְ 1 This is the time that day begins to change to the darkness of night. Your language may say “going” and “went” rather than **coming** and **came** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “the ones going to you who went to your house”
64 2:6 2:5 l5zb ty4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠הִ֖יא הֶעֱלָ֣תַ⁠ם הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה וַֽ⁠תִּטְמְנֵ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ הָ⁠עֲרֻכ֥וֹת לָ֖⁠הּ עַל־הַ⁠גָּֽג וַ⁠יְהִ֨י הַ⁠שַּׁ֜עַר לִ⁠סְגּ֗וֹר 1 This is background information and explains how she had hidden the men in [Joshua 2:4](../02/04.md). If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action you can indicate that “men” did it. Alternate translation: “And men shut the gate”
65 2:6 2:5 st56 o0r3 הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה תַשִּׂיגֽוּ⁠ם 1 The roof was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it. The word the ULT translates as **you may overtake them** could refer to something that is: (1) a possibility. Alternate translation: “perhaps you can overtake them” (2) a future event. Alternate translation: “you will overtake them”
66 2:6 b99c l5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י וְ⁠הִ֖יא הֶעֱלָ֣תַ⁠ם הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה וַֽ⁠תִּטְמְנֵ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ הָ⁠עֲרֻכ֥וֹת לָ֖⁠הּ עַל־הַ⁠גָּֽג 1 a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth The author is providing this background information to explain how Rahab had hidden the men in [2:4](../02/04.md). Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information.
67 2:7 2:6 kdj3 st56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֗ים רָדְפ֤וּ אַֽחֲרֵי⁠הֶם֙ הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה 1 The men pursued the spies because of what Rahab had told them in [Joshua 2:5](../02/05.md). The **roof** was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly that the roof was flat as modeled by the UST.
68 2:7 2:6 p4sx b99c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַֽ⁠מַּעְבְּר֑וֹת בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ 1 places where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it The word **flax** refers to a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth. It has tall, slender stalks that can tied into bundles. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of plant, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “in the long stalks of a plant”
69 2:8 2:7 ds5e p4sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּ⁠ן הַֽ⁠מַּעְבְּר֑וֹת 1 This refers to going to sleep for the night. A **ford** is a place where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it. If you do not have a term to describe this type of place, you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “”
70 2:8 ds5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go עָלְתָ֥ה 1 Your language may say “came up” rather than **went up** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “came up”
71 2:9 t8zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people.
72 2:9 xr6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְ⁠כֶם֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you”
73 2:9 u74z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ & מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. This could mean: (1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or (2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you”