Remove stray nav links (#1105)

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Larry Sallee 2018-11-12 19:28:12 +00:00 committed by Gogs
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10 changed files with 23 additions and 23 deletions

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@ -1681,7 +1681,7 @@ GEN 25 32 h8jv figs-rquestion 0 What good is the birthright to me? Esau used a
GEN 25 33 b4qn figs-explicit 0 First swear to me What Jacob wanted Esau to swear can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "First swear to me that you will sell me your birthright" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GEN 25 34 v7ff translate-unknown 0 lentils These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
GEN 25 34 r6tg 0 Esau despised his birthright "Esau showed that he did not value his birthright"
GEN 26 intro cwz4 0 # Genesis 26 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Trust<br>When things in the land were bad, Isaac did not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he ran to the safety of Egypt. Even when Abraham's descendants did not trust in Yahweh's faithfulness to fulfill his covenant, Yahweh remained faithful to his covenant and blessed Isaac. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>##### Wells<br>In the ancient Near East, wells were very important strategically. Therefore, they were a sign of power and a sign of God's blessing being upon Isaac.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "She is my sister"<br>Isaac was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Rebekah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Isaac's sister, they would have shown favor to him. This is the same thing his father, Abraham, did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Genesis 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__<br>
GEN 26 intro cwz4 0 # Genesis 26 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Trust<br>When things in the land were bad, Isaac did not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he ran to the safety of Egypt. Even when Abraham's descendants did not trust in Yahweh's faithfulness to fulfill his covenant, Yahweh remained faithful to his covenant and blessed Isaac. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>##### Wells<br>In the ancient Near East, wells were very important strategically. Therefore, they were a sign of power and a sign of God's blessing being upon Isaac.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "She is my sister"<br>Isaac was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Rebekah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Isaac's sister, they would have shown favor to him. This is the same thing his father, Abraham, did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
GEN 26 1 n54s 0 Now This word is used here to mark a new part of the story.
GEN 26 1 vwi7 0 a famine happened "there was a famine" or "there was another famine"
GEN 26 1 ags3 figs-explicit 0 in the land You can state explicitly the land to which this refers. Alternate translation: "in the land where Isaac and his family lived" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ RUT 3 16 s7dr figs-explicit 0 How did you do, my daughter? What Ruth meant by t
RUT 3 16 w9p9 0 all that the man had done "all that Boaz had done"
RUT 3 17 e9xx 0 Do not go empty "Do not go empty-handed" or "Do not go with nothing" or "Be sure to take something"
RUT 3 18 u5rn 0 finished this thing This refers to the decision about who will buy Naomi's property and marry Ruth.
RUT 4 intro pz6m 0 # Ruth 04 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### King David<br>Despite being a Moabitess, Ruth became an ancestor of David. David was Israel's greatest king. It is shocking a Gentile would become a part of such an important lineage. She had great faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "You must also take Ruth the Moabitess"<br>Because Naomi had no son, her daughter-in-law Ruth needed to be provided for. Therefore, the relative who wanted to use her land had to also help Ruth to have a son who would come to provide for her.<br><br>##### "This was the custom in former times"<br>This is a comment made by the writer of the text. He functions as a narrator in this instance. It indicates that there was a considerable period of time between the events that occurred and the time they were written down.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Ruth 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __<br>
RUT 4 intro pz6m 0 # Ruth 04 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### King David<br>Despite being a Moabitess, Ruth became an ancestor of David. David was Israel's greatest king. It is shocking a Gentile would become a part of such an important lineage. She had great faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "You must also take Ruth the Moabitess"<br>Because Naomi had no son, her daughter-in-law Ruth needed to be provided for. Therefore, the relative who wanted to use her land had to also help Ruth to have a son who would come to provide for her.<br><br>##### "This was the custom in former times"<br>This is a comment made by the writer of the text. He functions as a narrator in this instance. It indicates that there was a considerable period of time between the events that occurred and the time they were written down.
RUT 4 1 m4by 0 the gate "the gate of the city" or "the gate of Bethlehem." This was the main entrance to the walled town of Bethlehem. There was an open area by the gate that was used as a meeting place to discuss community matters.
RUT 4 1 kz1g 0 the near kinsman This was the closest living relative to Elimelek.
RUT 4 2 bf74 0 elders of the city "leaders of the city"

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@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ PSA 20 8 g7uv figs-doublet 0 brought down and fall Both these verbs mean basica
PSA 20 8 y7lr figs-doublet 0 we will rise and stand upright "we will get up and stand up straight." These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PSA 20 9 c5i4 0 Yahweh, rescue the king Possible interpretations are 1) the people ask God to protect the king or 2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person.
PSA 20 9 brk5 0 the king; help us when we call Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. Some translate it as the people speaking to Yahweh their king. Alternate translation: "King, help us when we call you"
PSA 21 intro mq8x 0 # Psalm 021 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Pronouns<br>There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Psalms 21:1](../../psa/021/001.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../020/intro.md) | [>>](../022/intro.md)__<br>
PSA 21 intro mq8x 0 # Psalm 021 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Pronouns<br>There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part.
PSA 21 1 k12k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 21 1 h69b 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 21 1 bt8s 0 in your strength, Yahweh It is implied that this is strength Yahweh has given the king to defeat his enemies. Alternate translation: because you, Yahweh, have made him strong enough to defeat his enemies"
@ -1696,7 +1696,7 @@ PSA 47 6 wn5w figs-parallelism 0 Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praise
PSA 47 9 vxi7 0 The princes of the peoples "The rulers of all the nations"
PSA 47 9 kg5b 0 gathered together to the people Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations 1) "gather in front of the people" or 2) "gathered together with the people" so that all may worship God as king.
PSA 47 9 eew2 figs-metaphor 0 the shields of the earth belong to God Possible meanings are that "shields" 1) refers to instruments of war. Alternate translation: "God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth" or 2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. Alternate translation: "the kings of the earth are subject to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 48 intro wfx3 0 # Psalm 048 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Jerusalem<br>Jerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>It is helpful to know that "Mount Zion" is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Psalms 48:1](../../psa/048/001.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../047/intro.md) | [>>](../049/intro.md)__<br>
PSA 48 intro wfx3 0 # Psalm 048 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Jerusalem<br>Jerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>It is helpful to know that "Mount Zion" is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem.
PSA 48 1 s5c1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God's dwelling place. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 48 1 az4y figs-activepassive 0 greatly to be praised This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: "people are to praise him greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PSA 48 1 az2x 0 the city of our God on his holy mountain This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion.
@ -1815,7 +1815,7 @@ PSA 50 22 jz7u figs-metaphor 0 you who forget God God speaks of the wicked reje
PSA 50 22 ql5f figs-metaphor 0 I will tear you to pieces God speaks of destroying the wicked as if he were a lion eating its prey. Alternate translation: "I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 50 23 u8xr figs-metaphor 0 plans his path in the right way God speaks of a the way a person lives as if it were a path that the person travels. Alternate translation: "lives his life the right way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 50 23 u5xv figs-abstractnouns 0 I will show God's salvation The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as "save." God refers to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: "I will save him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PSA 51 intro uij8 0 # Psalm 051 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Repentance<br>The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])<br><br>##### Author of Psalm<br>Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David's reign.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Psalms 51:1](../../psa/051/001.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../050/intro.md) | [>>](../052/intro.md)__<br>
PSA 51 intro uij8 0 # Psalm 051 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Repentance<br>The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])<br><br>##### Author of Psalm<br>Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David's reign.
PSA 51 1 v8pw writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 51 1 rl6b 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 51 1 ia5j 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
@ -2329,7 +2329,7 @@ PSA 67 4 g91t 0 with justice "fairly" or "justly"
PSA 67 5 e74n figs-parallelism 0 Let the peoples praise you ... let all the peoples praise you The second clause intensifies the meaning of the first to emphasize how important it is to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 67 6 ew33 figs-personification 0 The earth has yielded its harvest Here the writer speaks of "the earth" as if it has chosen to provide a harvest to the people. Alternate translation: "We have reaped a bountiful harvest from our crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 67 7 m77g figs-metonymy 0 all the ends of the earth honor him This means that people everywhere should honor God because of his blessings. Alternate translation: "I desire that all people everywhere on the earth may have an awesome respect for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 68 intro i82v 0 # Psalm 068 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 68 is a worship psalm.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Yahweh's greatness<br>God is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>##### No Common Theme<br>Scholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Psalms 68:1](../../psa/068/001.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../067/intro.md) | [>>](../069/intro.md)__<br>
PSA 68 intro i82v 0 # Psalm 068 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 68 is a worship psalm.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Yahweh's greatness<br>God is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>##### No Common Theme<br>Scholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm.
PSA 68 1 c4xg writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 68 1 mf9s 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 68 1 e798 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
@ -2495,7 +2495,7 @@ PSA 69 34 p3qb figs-ellipsis 0 the seas and everything that moves in them It is
PSA 69 35 m398 figs-metonymy 0 God will save Zion Here "Zion" refers to the people in Zion. Alternate translation: "God will save the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 69 35 w8jf 0 have it as a possession The word "it" refers to the land of Judah.
PSA 69 36 s9pk figs-metonymy 0 who love his name Here "name" refers to God himself. Alternate translation: "who love God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PSA 70 intro qdg2 0 # Psalm 070 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Help<br>The author needs help and needs it immediately.<br><br>##### Psalm 40<br>This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Psalms 70:1](../../psa/070/001.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../069/intro.md) | [>>](../071/intro.md)__<br>
PSA 70 intro qdg2 0 # Psalm 070 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Help<br>The author needs help and needs it immediately.<br><br>##### Psalm 40<br>This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17.
PSA 70 1 eg6f writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 70 1 m2am 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 70 1 f84m 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.
@ -3157,7 +3157,7 @@ PSA 83 17 q6j1 figs-activepassive 0 May they be put to shame and be terrified f
PSA 83 17 l9px 0 may they perish in disgrace "may they die while they are ashamed"
PSA 83 18 y45v 0 Then they will know This can also be stated as the writer making a request to God. Alternate translation: "Cause them to know"
PSA 83 18 tw1g figs-metaphor 0 are the Most High over all the earth God ruling over everything in the earth is spoken of as if he were elevated higher than everything else. Alternate translation: "are supreme, and you rule all things on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 84 intro mf13 0 # Psalm 084 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 84 is a worship psalm.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Obedience<br>God blesses all who want to obey him. Praising God in his temple is better than anything else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>##### Similarity to Psalm 42-43<br>There are many similarities between these psalms and some scholars suggest they were written by the same people.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Psalms 84:1](../../psa/084/001.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../083/intro.md) | [>>](../085/intro.md)__<br>
PSA 84 intro mf13 0 # Psalm 084 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 84 is a worship psalm.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Obedience<br>God blesses all who want to obey him. Praising God in his temple is better than anything else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>##### Similarity to Psalm 42-43<br>There are many similarities between these psalms and some scholars suggest they were written by the same people.
PSA 84 1 mkj6 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 84 1 wu9e 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship"
PSA 84 1 yxs9 0 set to the Gittith This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 8:1](../008/001.md).
@ -3192,7 +3192,7 @@ PSA 84 11 d9l1 figs-metaphor 0 For Yahweh God is our sun and shield Yahweh who
PSA 84 11 ge8a figs-abstractnouns 0 Yahweh will give grace and glory The abstract nouns "grace" and "glory" can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will be kind to us and honor us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PSA 84 11 tv3q 0 who walk in integrity The way a person conducts their lives or behaves is spoken of as if the person were walking. Alternate translation: "who live honestly" or "who are honest"
PSA 84 12 tfi5 figs-genericnoun 0 blessed is the man Here "man" means people in general. Alternate translation: "blessed are those" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
PSA 85 intro vtd4 0 # Psalm 085 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 85 is a worship psalm.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Blessings<br>God has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])<br><br>##### Group Prayer<br>Note how this psalm uses the plural to show that it is a group praying.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Psalms 85:1](../../psa/085/001.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../084/intro.md) | [>>](../086/intro.md)__<br>
PSA 85 intro vtd4 0 # Psalm 085 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 85 is a worship psalm.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Blessings<br>God has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])<br><br>##### Group Prayer<br>Note how this psalm uses the plural to show that it is a group praying.
PSA 85 1 d8a7 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 85 1 h493 0 For the chief musician "This is for the director of music to use in worship."
PSA 85 1 iym4 figs-metonymy 0 you have showed favor to your land Here "land" represents the nation and people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -3306,7 +3306,7 @@ PSA 88 17 e9s9 0 They The word "They" refers to God's "angry actions" and "ter
PSA 88 17 qva9 figs-metaphor 0 they have all encircled me The writer speaks of God's "angry actions" and "terrifying deeds" as if they were enemies who were trying to capture and kill him. Alternate translation: "they have surrounded me like enemy soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 88 18 x6gd 0 every friend and acquaintance "every person I love and know"
PSA 88 18 pnc1 figs-personification 0 My only acquaintance is the darkness This speaks about darkness as if it were a person that could be friends with someone else. The writer is emphasizing that he feels completely alone. Alternate translation: "Everywhere I go it is dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PSA 89 intro aw17 0 # Psalm 089 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 89 is a worship and a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Yahweh's promises<br>God is mighty and has promised David an eternal kingdom. But now that kingdom is being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>##### Parallelism<br>This psalm exhibits the kind of parallelism where the second line often emphasizes the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Psalms 89:1](../../psa/089/001.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../088/intro.md) | [>>](../090/intro.md)__<br>
PSA 89 intro aw17 0 # Psalm 089 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 89 is a worship and a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Yahweh's promises<br>God is mighty and has promised David an eternal kingdom. But now that kingdom is being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>##### Parallelism<br>This psalm exhibits the kind of parallelism where the second line often emphasizes the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 89 1 knd1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 89 1 mu2k 0 A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
PSA 89 1 dqe7 translate-names 0 Ethan This is the name of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -3589,7 +3589,7 @@ PSA 94 22 r48i figs-metaphor 0 God has been the rock of my refuge The psalmist
PSA 94 23 fx4p 0 will bring on them their own iniquity Possible meanings are 1) "will do to them the evil things they have done to others" or 2) "will punish them for all the evil things he has done to others."
PSA 94 23 qc5b figs-idiom 0 cut them off This is an idiom which means "kill them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PSA 94 23 i6z5 0 in their own wickedness Possible meanings are 1) "while they are doing wicked things" or 2) "because they have done wicked things."
PSA 95 intro e91f 0 # Psalm 095 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### God's care<br>God made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Psalms 95:1](../../psa/095/001.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../094/intro.md) | [>>](../096/intro.md)__<br>
PSA 95 intro e91f 0 # Psalm 095 General Notes<br>#### Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### God's care<br>God made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years.
PSA 95 1 qaf5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PSA 95 1 gv24 figs-metaphor 0 the rock of our salvation The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were a mountain the people could climb so they would be safe. See how "rock" and "of my salvation" are translated in [Psalms 18:46](../018/046.md). Alternate translation: "the rock where we can go and God will save us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PSA 95 2 q5qb figs-metaphor 0 enter his presence The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. Alternate translation: "go to where he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ PRO 3 33 q866 figs-metonymy 0 he blesses the home of righteous people The word
PRO 3 34 kb65 figs-metaphor 0 he gives his favor to humble people The writer speaks of Yahweh's favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. Alternate translation: "he shows his favor to humble people" or "he is gracious to humble people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 3 35 y7vz figs-metaphor 0 Wise people inherit honor The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "Wise people will obtain honor" or "Wise people will gain an honorable reputation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 3 35 b6jx figs-metaphor 0 fools will be lifted up in their shame The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 4 intro z4ah 0 # Proverbs 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>##### Wisdom is feminine<br><br>You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Proverbs 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__<br>
PRO 4 intro z4ah 0 # Proverbs 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>##### Wisdom is feminine<br><br>You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
PRO 4 1 hqv1 0 General Information: The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
PRO 4 1 zck6 0 pay attention "listen carefully"
PRO 4 1 s4lm 0 you will know what understanding is "you will know how to understand" or "you will gain understanding"
@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ PRO 6 34 tk3n 0 takes his revenge If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hu
PRO 6 35 b2ym 0 compensation payment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong
PRO 6 35 fly2 figs-activepassive 0 he cannot be bought off This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 6 35 pc8x 0 off, though "off. This will be true even if"
PRO 7 intro pk5f 0 # Proverbs 07 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Parallelism<br><br>Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])<br><br>Many of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.<br><br>##### My Son<br><br>Occasionally the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.<br><br>##### Adulteress<br><br>This chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Proverbs 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__<br>
PRO 7 intro pk5f 0 # Proverbs 07 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Parallelism<br><br>Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])<br><br>Many of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.<br><br>##### My Son<br><br>Occasionally the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.<br><br>##### Adulteress<br><br>This chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
PRO 7 1 at6w figs-metaphor 0 keep my words Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: "obey my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 7 1 k635 figs-metaphor 0 store up my commands within yourself Here God's commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: "memorize my commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO 7 2 a8m4 figs-metaphor 0 keep my instruction Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: "obey my instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ PRO 21 30 n8kt figs-abstractnouns 0 There is no wisdom, there is no understandi
PRO 21 30 k3pe 0 stand against Yahweh "defeat Yahweh" or "work against what Yahweh wants to do" or "show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong"
PRO 21 31 j1hq figs-activepassive 0 The horse is prepared for the day of battle These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 21 31 i6w8 figs-idiom 0 the day of battle The word "day" refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: "when there is a battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO 22 intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the "Wise Men." The exact identity of the men is unknown.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>##### Rhetorical questions<br><br>With this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Proverbs 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__<br>
PRO 22 intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the "Wise Men." The exact identity of the men is unknown.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>##### Rhetorical questions<br><br>With this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO 22 1 but9 figs-activepassive 0 A good name is to be chosen over great riches These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "A person should choose a good name rather than great riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO 22 1 m8c7 0 A good name "To have others think that one is a good person"
PRO 22 3 nt9p 0 A prudent man "A man who is wise" or "A man who has good sense." See how you translated "prudent" in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md).

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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ ZEC 1 21 k412 writing-symlanguage 0 These are the horns that scattered Judah Th
ZEC 1 21 zd7p figs-metaphor 0 so that no man would lift up his head The nations oppressing the people of Judah severely is spoken of as if no person in Judah was able to raise his head. Alternate translation: "and caused them to suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 21 gm5d figs-metaphor 0 to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of Judah Yahweh speaks of the nations using their military power to conquer Judah as if the nations had lifted up their horns. He speaks of these four craftsmen destroying the military power of these nations as if the craftsmen threw those horns to the ground. Alternate translation: "to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 21 q7u9 0 to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn "to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up"
ZEC 2 intro j9a8 0 # Zechariah 02 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah's third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord.<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 2:4-13, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Visions<br><br>This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### "This is Yahweh's declaration"<br>This phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UST often translates this as "Yahweh says."<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Zechariah 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__<br>
ZEC 2 intro j9a8 0 # Zechariah 02 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah's third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord.<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 2:4-13, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Visions<br><br>This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### "This is Yahweh's declaration"<br>This phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UST often translates this as "Yahweh says."
ZEC 2 1 u35h figs-synecdoche 0 I lifted up my eyes The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: "I looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 2 1 dn7b 0 measuring line a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land
ZEC 2 2 eb3u 0 So he said to me "So the man with the measuring line said to me"
@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ ZEC 9 17 udt9 figs-exclamations 0 How good and how beautiful they will be! This
ZEC 9 17 rzm2 figs-parallelism 0 The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine! This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. Alternate translation: "All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ZEC 9 17 uf1p figs-parallelism 0 The young men ... the virgins These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 9 17 x8zq figs-parallelism 0 grain ... sweet wine These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 10 intro jmh9 0 # Zechariah 10 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1-2.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Redemption<br>This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Zechariah 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__<br>
ZEC 10 intro jmh9 0 # Zechariah 10 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1-2.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Redemption<br>This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])
ZEC 10 1 v7qp 0 General Information: Zechariah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
ZEC 10 1 ybt5 0 vegetation in the field "causes plants to grow in the field"
ZEC 10 2 wcl5 0 household idols speak falsely "household idols give false messages." Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UST makes this explicit.
@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ ZEC 11 17 zwk6 figs-idiom 0 come against his arm and his right eye Here "come a
ZEC 11 17 gqb9 figs-metonymy 0 his arm Here "arm" represents the power to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 17 c27h figs-explicit 0 his right eye A soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 11 17 h47i 0 his arm wither away "his arm waste away" or "his arm become completely useless"
ZEC 12 intro cr4a 0 # Zechariah 12 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Prophecy<br>Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Zechariah 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__<br>
ZEC 12 intro cr4a 0 # Zechariah 12 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Prophecy<br>Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])
ZEC 12 1 vy11 0 General Information: These verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
ZEC 12 1 mz3s figs-metaphor 0 who stretched out the skies This is a metaphor that speaks of the sky as if it were like a scroll that is rolled up and needs to be stretched out. Alternate translation: "the one who created the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 12 1 gzl6 figs-metaphor 0 laid the foundation of the earth This is a metaphor that speaks of the earth as if it were a building with a foundation. Alternate translation: "put all the earth into place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ ROM 11 34 r2wj figs-rquestion τίς” γὰρ" ἔγνω νοῦν Κυρίο
ROM 11 34 yy52 figs-metonymy νοῦν Κυρίου 1 the mind of the Lord Here "mind" is a metonym for knowing things or thinking about things. Alternate translation: "all that the Lord knows" or "what the Lord thinks about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ROM 11 35 j5cn figs-rquestion ἢ τίς προέδωκεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀνταποδοθήσεται αὐτῷ 1 Or who has first given anything to God, that God must repay him?" Paul uses this question to emphasize his point. Alternate translation: "No one has ever given anything to God that he did not first receive from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) * **For from him ... through him ... to him** - Here, all occurrences of "him" refers to God.
ROM 11 36 rpx6 figs-explicit αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας 1 To him be the glory forever This expresses Paul's desire for all people to honor God. You can make this explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "May all people honor him forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 12 intro aky9 0 # Romans 12 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 20, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>Many scholars believe Paul uses the word "therefore" in [Romans 12:1](../../rom/12/01.md) to refer back to all of Chapters 1-11. Having carefully explained the Christian gospel, Paul now explains how Christians should live in light of these great truths. Chapters 12-16 focus on living out one's Christian faith. Paul uses many different commands in these chapters to give these practical instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Christian living<br>Under the law of Moses, people were required to offer temple sacrifices of animals or grain. Now Christians are required to live their lives as a type of sacrifice to God. Physical sacrifices are no longer required. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Body of Christ<br>The body of Christ is an important metaphor or image used in Scripture to refer to the church. Each church member plays a unique and important function. Christians need each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/body]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Romans 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__<br>
ROM 12 intro aky9 0 # Romans 12 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 20, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>Many scholars believe Paul uses the word "therefore" in [Romans 12:1](../../rom/12/01.md) to refer back to all of Chapters 1-11. Having carefully explained the Christian gospel, Paul now explains how Christians should live in light of these great truths. Chapters 12-16 focus on living out one's Christian faith. Paul uses many different commands in these chapters to give these practical instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Christian living<br>Under the law of Moses, people were required to offer temple sacrifices of animals or grain. Now Christians are required to live their lives as a type of sacrifice to God. Physical sacrifices are no longer required. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Body of Christ<br>The body of Christ is an important metaphor or image used in Scripture to refer to the church. Each church member plays a unique and important function. Christians need each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/body]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 12 1 rhs3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells what the life of a believer should be and how believers should serve.
ROM 12 1 d2y3 figs-explicit παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 I urge you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God Here "brothers" refers to fellow believers, both male and female. Alternate translation: "Fellow believers, because of the great mercy that God has given you I very much want you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ROM 12 1 w1mz figs-synecdoche παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν 1 to present your bodies a living sacrifice Here Paul uses the word "bodies" to refer to the whole person. Paul is comparing a believer in Christ who completely obeys God to the animals that the Jews killed and then offered to God. Alternate translation: "to offer yourselves completely to God while you are alive as if you were a dead sacrifice on a temple altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ ROM 12 20 e49j ψώμιζε αὐτόν 1 feed him "give him some food"
ROM 12 20 wce6 figs-metaphor ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ 1 heap coals of fire on his head Paul speaks of the blessings that the enemies will receive as if someone were pouring hot coals on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) "make the person who harmed you feel badly about how he has mistreated you" or 2) "give God a reason to judge your enemy more harshly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ROM 12 21 q761 figs-personification μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν 1 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good Paul describes "evil" as though it were a person. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Do not let those who are evil defeat you, but defeat those who are evil by doing what is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ROM 12 21 p7fd figs-you μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ... τὸ κακόν 1 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil These verbs are addressed as to one person and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ROM 13 intro l4q7 0 # Romans 13 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>In the first part of this chapter, Paul teaches Christians to obey rulers who govern them. At that time, ungodly Roman rulers governed the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Ungodly rulers<br>When Paul teaches about obeying rulers, some readers will find this difficult to understand, especially in places where rulers persecute the church. Christians must obey their rulers as well as obey God, unless the rulers do not allow Christians to do something God explicitly commands them to do. There are times when a believer must submit to these rulers and suffer at their hands. Christians understand that this world is temporary and they will ultimately be with God forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Flesh<br><br>This is a complex issue. "Flesh" is possibly a metaphor for our sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive ("in the flesh"), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Romans 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__<br>
ROM 13 intro l4q7 0 # Romans 13 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>In the first part of this chapter, Paul teaches Christians to obey rulers who govern them. At that time, ungodly Roman rulers governed the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Ungodly rulers<br>When Paul teaches about obeying rulers, some readers will find this difficult to understand, especially in places where rulers persecute the church. Christians must obey their rulers as well as obey God, unless the rulers do not allow Christians to do something God explicitly commands them to do. There are times when a believer must submit to these rulers and suffer at their hands. Christians understand that this world is temporary and they will ultimately be with God forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Flesh<br><br>This is a complex issue. "Flesh" is possibly a metaphor for our sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive ("in the flesh"), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
ROM 13 1 v5ik 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells believers how to live under their rulers.
ROM 13 1 b8nf figs-synecdoche πᾶσα ψυχὴ ἐξουσίαις ... ὑποτασσέσθω 1 Let every soul be obedient to Here "soul" is a synecdoche for the whole person. "Every Christian should obey" or "Everyone should obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ROM 13 1 g1by ἐξουσίαις ὑπερεχούσαις 1 higher authorities "government officials"

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@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CO 2 14 gwe3 ὅτι πνευματικῶς ἀνακρίνεται 1 because they are spiritually discerned "because understanding these things requires the aid of the Spirit"
1CO 2 15 w4q7 ὁ ... πνευματικὸς 1 The one who is spiritual "The believer who has received the Spirit"
1CO 2 16 m4pu figs-rquestion 0 For who can know the mind of the Lord, that he can instruct him? Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one knows the mind of the Lord. No one is as wise as the Lord. Alternate translation: "No one can know the mind of the Lord, so no one can teach him anything he does not already know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO 3 intro g6ku 0 # 1 Corinthians 03 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verses 19 and 20.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Fleshly people<br>The Corinthian believers were immature because of their unrighteous actions. He calls them "fleshly," meaning acting as nonbelievers. This term is used in opposition to those who are "spiritual." Christians following their "flesh" are acting foolishly. They are following the wisdom of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Metaphor<br>There are many metaphors in this chapter. Paul uses "babies" and "milk" to illustrate spiritual immaturity. He uses the metaphors of planting and watering to describe the roles he and Apollos played in growing the church in Corinth. Paul uses other metaphors to help teach spiritual truths to the Corinthians and to help them to understand his teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[1 Corinthians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__<br>
1CO 3 intro g6ku 0 # 1 Corinthians 03 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verses 19 and 20.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Fleshly people<br>The Corinthian believers were immature because of their unrighteous actions. He calls them "fleshly," meaning acting as nonbelievers. This term is used in opposition to those who are "spiritual." Christians following their "flesh" are acting foolishly. They are following the wisdom of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Metaphor<br>There are many metaphors in this chapter. Paul uses "babies" and "milk" to illustrate spiritual immaturity. He uses the metaphors of planting and watering to describe the roles he and Apollos played in growing the church in Corinth. Paul uses other metaphors to help teach spiritual truths to the Corinthians and to help them to understand his teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO 3 1 a43d 0 Connecting Statement: Paul now reminds the Corinthian believers of how they are actually living instead of behaving as their position before God is. He then reminds them that the person who teaches them is not as important as God who gives their growth.
1CO 3 1 r4iw ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1CO 3 1 jx17 πνευματικοῖς 1 spiritual people people who obey the Spirit

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@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ GAL 3 27 v6n1 ὅσοι γὰρ εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε
GAL 3 27 di9v figs-metaphor Χριστὸν ... ἐνεδύσασθε 1 have clothed yourselves with Christ Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor meaning that they have been united to Christ. Alternate translation: "have become united with Christ" or "belong to Christ" or 2) this is a metaphor meaning that they have become like Christ. Alternate translation: "have become like Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 3 28 tyb8 οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην, οὐκ ἔνι δοῦλος οὐδὲ ἐλεύθερος, οὐκ ἔνι ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ 1 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female "God sees no difference between Jew and Greek, slave and free, male and female"
GAL 3 29 qp4z figs-metaphor κληρονόμοι 1 heirs The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 4 intro h6gw 0 # Galatians 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 27, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Sonship<br>Sonship is a complex issue. Scholars have many views on Israel's sonship. Paul uses sonship to teach how being under the law differs from being free in Christ. Not all of Abraham's physical descendants inherited God's promises to him. Only his descendants through Isaac and Jacob inherited the promises. And God only adopts into his family those who follow Abraham spiritually through faith. They are children of God with an inheritance. Paul calls them "children of promise." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Abba, Father<br>"Abba" is an Aramaic word. In ancient Israel, people used it to informally refer to their fathers. Paul "transliterates" its sounds by writing them with Greek letters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Galatians 4:1](../../gal/04/01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__<br>
GAL 4 intro h6gw 0 # Galatians 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 27, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Sonship<br>Sonship is a complex issue. Scholars have many views on Israel's sonship. Paul uses sonship to teach how being under the law differs from being free in Christ. Not all of Abraham's physical descendants inherited God's promises to him. Only his descendants through Isaac and Jacob inherited the promises. And God only adopts into his family those who follow Abraham spiritually through faith. They are children of God with an inheritance. Paul calls them "children of promise." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Abba, Father<br>"Abba" is an Aramaic word. In ancient Israel, people used it to informally refer to their fathers. Paul "transliterates" its sounds by writing them with Greek letters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
GAL 4 1 fr5u 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues to remind the Galatian believers that Christ came to redeem those who were under the law, and that he made them no more slaves but sons.
GAL 4 1 n5yb οὐδὲν διαφέρει 1 no different from "the same as"
GAL 4 2 bd5a ἐπιτρόπους 1 guardians people with legal responsibility for children

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
2TH front intro krd6 0 # Introduction to 2 Thessalonians<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of the Book of 2 Thessalonians<br><br>1. Greetings and thanksgiving (1:1-3)<br>1. Christians suffering from persecution<br>- They are worthy of the kingdom of God and of his promise of relief from trials (1:4-7)<br>- God will judge those who persecute Christians (1:8-12)<br>1. Some believers' misunderstanding about the second coming of Christ<br>- Christ's return has not yet happened (2:1-2)<br>- Instruction about the events that will precede the return of Christ (2:3-12)<br>1. Paul's confidence that God will save the Thessalonian Christians<br>- His call to "stand firm" (2:13-15)<br>- His prayer that God will comfort them (2:16-17)<br>1. Paul requests that the Thessalonian believers pray for him (3:1-5)<br>1. Paul give commands about idle believers (3:6-15)<br>1. Closing (3:16-17)<br><br>#### Who wrote 2 Thessalonians?<br><br>Paul wrote 2 Thessalonians. He was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul wrote this letter while staying in the city of Corinth.<br><br>#### What is the Book of 2 Thessalonians about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to the believers in the city of Thessalonica. He encouraged the believers because they were being persecuted. He told them to continue living in a way that pleased God. And he wanted to teach them again about Christ's return.<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 Thessalonians" or "Second Thessalonians." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Second Letter to the Church in Thessalonica," or "The Second Letter to the Christians in Thessalonica." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### What is the "second coming" of Jesus?<br><br>Paul wrote much in this letter about Jesus' eventual return to Earth. When Jesus returns, he will judge all mankind. He will also rule over creation. And he will cause there to be peace everywhere. Paul also explained that a "man of lawlessness" will come before Christ's return. This person will obey Satan and cause many people to oppose God. But Jesus will destroy this person when he returns.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>#### What did Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.?<br><br>Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Thessalonians?<br><br>For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br><br>* "and the man of lawlessness is revealed" (2:3). The ULT, UST, and most modern versions read this way. Older versions have, "and the man of sin is revealed."<br>* "For God chose you as the firstfruits for salvation" (2:13) The ULT, UST, and some other versions read this way. Other versions have, "For God chose you from the first for salvation."<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])<br>
2TH 1 intro m987 0 # 2 Thessalonians 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Verses 1-2 formally introduce this letter. Letters in the ancient Near East commonly had introductions of this type.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in verses 4-5: "We talk about your patience and faith in all your persecutions. We talk about the afflictions that you endure. This is a sign of God's righteous judgment." People would not normally think that believing in God while being persecuted is a sign of God's righteous judgment. But in verses 5-10, Paul explains how God will reward those who believe in him and how he will judge those who afflict them. ([2 Thessalonians 1:4-5](./04.md))<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[2 Thessalonians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>* __[2 Thessalonians intro](../front/intro.md) | [>>](../02/intro.md)__<br>
2TH 1 intro m987 0 # 2 Thessalonians 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Verses 1-2 formally introduce this letter. Letters in the ancient Near East commonly had introductions of this type.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in verses 4-5: "We talk about your patience and faith in all your persecutions. We talk about the afflictions that you endure. This is a sign of God's righteous judgment." People would not normally think that believing in God while being persecuted is a sign of God's righteous judgment. But in verses 5-10, Paul explains how God will reward those who believe in him and how he will judge those who afflict them. ([2 Thessalonians 1:4-5](./04.md))
2TH 1 1 b6vf figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Paul is the author of this letter, but he includes Silvanus and Timothy as senders of the letter. He begins by greeting the church at Thessalonica. The words "we" and "us" refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. Also, the word "you" is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2TH 1 1 hm3e Σιλουανὸς 1 Silvanus This is the Latin form of "Silas." He is the same person listed in the book of Acts as Paul's fellow traveler.
2TH 1 2 g6rb χάρις ὑμῖν 1 Grace to you Paul commonly uses this greeting in his letters.

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@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ REV 21 26 ps25 οἴσουσιν 1 They will bring "The kings of the earth will
REV 21 27 n3nh figs-doublenegatives 0 nothing unclean will ever enter into it, nor anyone This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "only what is clean will ever enter, and never anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
REV 21 27 g7fr figs-activepassive εἰ μὴ οἱ γεγραμμένοι ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 but only those whose names are written in the Lamb's Book of Life This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but only those whose names the Lamb wrote in his Book of Life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV 21 27 cw99 writing-symlanguage τῷ ... τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the Lamb This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV 22 intro e1ya 0 # Revelation 22 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter emphasizes that Jesus is coming soon.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Tree of life<br><br>There is probably an intended connection between the tree of life in the Garden of Eden and the tree of life mentioned in this chapter. The curse that began in Eden will end at this time.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Alpha and omega<br><br>These are the names of the first and last letters in the Greek alphabet. The ULT spells out their names in English. This strategy can serve as a model for translators. Some translators, however, may decide to use the first and last letters in their own alphabet. This would be "A and Z" in English.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Revelation 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../21/intro.md) | __<br>
REV 22 intro e1ya 0 # Revelation 22 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter emphasizes that Jesus is coming soon.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Tree of life<br><br>There is probably an intended connection between the tree of life in the Garden of Eden and the tree of life mentioned in this chapter. The curse that began in Eden will end at this time.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Alpha and omega<br><br>These are the names of the first and last letters in the Greek alphabet. The ULT spells out their names in English. This strategy can serve as a model for translators. Some translators, however, may decide to use the first and last letters in their own alphabet. This would be "A and Z" in English.
REV 22 1 b1ad 0 Connecting Statement: John continues to describe the new Jerusalem as the angel shows it to him.
REV 22 1 uu7b ἔδειξέν μοι 1 showed me Here "me" refers to John.
REV 22 1 vl23 ποταμὸν ὕδατος ζωῆς 1 the river of the water of life "the river flowing with life-giving water"

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